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In order to move towards a renewable energy system in the Netherlands, an increasing capacity of renewables has to be connected to the electricity grid. This causes very serious e-grid congestion issues. Reinforcement of the e-grid can be very expensive if technologically and/or legally feasible at all, costs considerable time for various reasons and requires an electrotechnical workforce that often is not or scarcely available. So, Dutch electricity DSOs are facing growing congestion problems in providing grid connections in time for new renewable energy capacities. It is in fact likely that in the Netherlands e-grid congestion will be a reality and growing concern for at least the coming decade. This results in sometimes long connection waiting times for solar and wind farms (i.e., supply-side congestion) and similar adverse access conditions for the energy end-users (demand-side congestion), and also means that in the near future new solar and wind farms will not be able to deliver electricity to the grid at all times. To determine the most cost-effective solutions for this issue from an energy system perspective covering different energy carriers and stakeholders involved, this study looked into alternative supply-side grid flexibility solutions provided by electrolyzers, batteries and their combinations alongside curtailment methods. The net costs of these options have then been compared with those of traditional grid expansion techniques. Such comparative economic analysis has been carried out via a case study in the context of a quasi-realistic setting in which a 38MWp solar park is introduced in a Netherlands’ region facing serious supply-side e-grid congestion, Friesland. The striking overall result of the case analysis of such newly added solar capacity in a rural e-grid-supply-congestion region, i.e. where electricity supply already exceeds demand during peak moments, is that under the current (2023) cost and energy price conditions considerable societal net benefits can be achieved by connecting the solar park to the market via the multiple flexibility options mentioned rather than by just reinforcing the local electricity grid. Various sensitivities were explored to analyse the impact of parameter changes on the various flexibility components. For this purpose an impact assessment was made of changing: the distances between the solar park and a hydrogen refuelling station; the capacity of the solar park and electricity demand; hydrogen and electricity prices; the mode of transport of hydrogen via the RTL and tube trailers; the level of mobility demand, the CAPEX of electrolysers; and the way of sourcing the electricity from the grid. Of all sensitivities, especially changes in hydrogen and electricity prices turned out to have a large impact especially via their impact on returns on selling hydrogen to mobility. The impact of the option to sell hydrogen to mobility was anyhow important because its prices received per kg green hydrogen were assumed to be higher than those offered by industrial uptake. Simulation results also showed that in the economic optimum large-scale batteries played a significant role in providing flexibility for dealing with supply-side congestion. Especially combinations of batteries and PtG proved effective in raising electrolyser use. Electrolysers and electrolyser/battery combinations were the optimal flexibility solution at the lower solar PV capacities, whereas battery solutions were at the higher end of the PV capacities considered. All in all, our results suggest that from the overall energy system cost perspective it can be very promising to systematically assess costs and benefits of alternative ways to integrate new local renewable energy capacities into the energy system, especially in rural e-grid congestion regions. It should, however, be mentioned that the lowest cost energy system option can only be realised if somehow the stakeholders losing are at least compensated for their losses by the stakeholders gaining: one therefore somehow needs legislative framework that supports such compensation. This underlines the role that governmental policies and incentives on such planning issues will have to play apart from their role e.g. with respect to the development and implementation of new technologies for greening energy production, etc. (see also Hydelta2 D4.3 on this). Some assumptions and caveats about the research have been included below: Annualized costs and benefits methods was used for assessing the various scenarios in comparison to a Net Present Value (NPV) method (see section 3.3.3 for more information) this was done in order to fairly compare assets with different lifetimes with each other. This study considers the mutual costs and benefits of multiple stakeholders: renewable electricity producer, battery and/or electrolyser operator and the distribution grid operator. We acknowledge that under current market circumstances these actors will not operate their assets in a mutually optimal way. However, this methodology has been chosen to show what the societal optimum is when financial incentives of these actors would be aligned. Costs and benefits show the results for a pre-investment decision phase, taking into account both investment and planned operational considerations of a one year timeframe. Hence, the results are not yielded by the actual performance and differences over the years. Re-use of the RNB pipeline is considered for the transportation of hydrogen in most of the scenarios (RTL is not utilized). RNB gas pipeline of 8 bars is suitable for the level of output that is derived from the electrolyzer and serves the regional aspect of our study. Mobility demand of hydrogen – with a relatively high willingness-to-pay -is limited by regional demand constraints considered in our scenarios, the sensitivity of the results based on this demand has been evaluated. The industrial demand was not limited as it was perceived that any industrial offtaker would need to be connected to national hydrogen transport infrastructure in order to receive enough volume and security of supply., Dit project is medegefinancierd door TKI Nieuw Gas | Topsector Energie uit de PPS-toeslag onder referentienummer TKI2022-HyDelta.

As a short supplement, this deliverable serves as a policy recommendation document in regards to the results derived from deliverable D4.1 and D4.2. Both deliverables investigated solutions for mitigating the prevalent and ongoing electricity grid congestion in the Netherlands from a regional perspective via the implementation of PtG systems (e.g., via electrolyzers) and other flexibility providing options such as utility scale batteries and curtailment techniques. It was shown that local PtG investments and subsequent hydrogen blending can be a first step towards local integration of electricity and gas systems. These investments can help by offering a solution for local e-grid congestion problems; enhancing the profitability of RES investments; and improving local security of supply conditions. They can also act as a stepping stone to synergistically serve an increasing number of end users besides local industry (e.g. mobility and the built environment); and may act as a dominant enabler of a decisive decarbonisation trend in the entire relevant area. This can be done by: Authorities providing as clear information as possible on local supply-side congestion perspectives. That reliable information is provided if local investment in a hydrogen blend really involves a step towards full decarbonisation of natural gas use in decentral industries: one has to be sure that ultimately one will be able to implement pure green hydrogen via increasing blending percentages. Reducing the regulatory uncertainty of if and when the gas transmission service operator (TSO) and/or distribution service operators (DSOs) are legally allowed and/or capable to facilitate a ‘pure’ hydrogen transport connection to the gas grid, or, in the preceding stages, to apply blends of hydrogen in the grid. Results also clearly indicated that a mix of flexibility solutions can cost-effectively reduce electricity grid reinforcement needs and therefore societal costs, but only if cost-benefit analyses are systematically implemented and new legislation and regulatory measures are introduced supporting that the incentives to get to the optimal solution are implemented. These alternative options require alignment of stakeholders interests and a supportive legislative and regulatory framework. Hence some main recommendations can be given to policy makers: Identification of which specific legislations and regulatory measures would be required to provide right incentives for solar park and wind farm operators, regional grid operators, and electrolyser and battery operators such that maximum green energy benefits are delivered against lowest overall costs. Based on systematic regional prognoses for new decentral renewable capacities and electricity demand, regions should be identified where electricity supply will exceed demand regularly. This information can be used to identify the regions in which decentral hydrogen production is the most promising. This information should be made public so that new investors in solar (and wind) capacity and the distribution grid operator can together investigate several options to integrate the additional renewable energy in the system. Given the seriousness of the domestic e-grid congestion issues such developments are urgently needed (both for the distribution and transmission e-grid); in fact not having them in place can be seen as a serious obstacle for green hydrogen and battery investment, and a stimulus for growing undue e-grid congestion., Dit project is medegefinancierd door TKI Nieuw Gas | Topsector Energie uit de PPS-toeslag onder referentienummer TKI2022-HyDelta.

This study considered an analysis of the value chain of tomato production and its related activities, conducted in Anis district - Dhamar governorate, to carry out a financial analysis of the whole chain in order to assess the added value and the distribution of profit margins between the different actors. This article maps and analyzes the tomato value chain in Anis District . Primary data was collected through a survey method adopting a multistage random sampling technique. The value chain highlighted the involvement of various actors, who directly or indirectly participated in the value chain. The different actors identified in the study area were input suppliers, farmers, traders, wholesalers, retailers and finally consumersThe result revealed that the main actors in the value chain are input suppliers, tomato producers, tomato pickers, small and large traders, processors and consumers. The market share of the producers shows that the producers get the largest share, which is 1350 YER. The main problems facing the tomato value chain are found to be low prices, high perishable nature, lack of access to credit, inadequate storage and processing facilities, lack of market information, and lack of financing for cultivation. While farmers rated low price as the most worrisome constraint, poor transportation facilities for the region producing tomatoes were rated as the most pressing constraint for value chain players.

In order to move towards a renewable energy system in the Netherlands, an increasing capacity of renewables has to be connected to the electricity grid (e-grid). Reinforcement of this grid costs time also because of the immanent electrotechnical workforce scarcity in the country. Therefore, Dutch electricity DSOs already face and foresee rapidly growing (localised) challenges in providing grid connections (in time) for connecting local renewable energy capacities. In this study it was investigated whether and to what extent local or regional P2G systems may alleviate congestion in the e-grid in some critical areas by introducing green hydrogen produced via P2G – blended or otherwise – in decentral industrial clusters and/or the mobility sector in particular areas. The focus in the study on decentralized (so-called cluster 6) industry and local mobility as potential green hydrogen consumers (rather than the five main industrial clusters in the country) was chosen because, unlike the main industrial clusters, the more local industry and mobility hydrogen uptake is typically not easily connected to the foreseen national hydrogen backbone. Therefore, the regional transmission gas line (RTL) will have to act as the main potential hydrogen grid connection for these industries. To identify the country’s most suited areas for establishing such potential local hydrogen connections (and hydrogen blending), four location criteria have been combined: the severity of supply side driven e-grid congestion; the presence of local industry with a grid connection decoupled from the built environment/public distribution system (because such a connection would complicate blending); the proximity to (future) renewable energy production sites; and the assumed little industries’ decarbonization alternatives. Based on these criteria, some dozen potential ‘hydrogen blending regions’ were identified throughout the Netherlands, each with multiple possible local blending sites. Modelling of the supply side economics of P2G congestion solutions for these regions revealed that, although the P2G option may be promising on the longer term, currently its business case is difficult from the perspective of energy suppliers given the combination of current assumed market prices of green hydrogen and local industry demand levels. Under the present conditions on the whole for energy suppliers in the selected regions trying to deal with e-grid congestion, utility-scale batteries turned out to offer a higher utilization rate and to be more cost-effective to deal with the issue. The latter is due to batteries’ scalability and currently lower CAPEX-levels (than electrolysers) and to handsome electricity trading margins given current high electricity prices. Obviously the most economic congestion combatting option for the suppliers of energy will not always coincide with what is most economic from the perspective of the demand side, i.e. industries or mobility sector units in the area off-taking energy. The same may apply if cost conditions alter e.g., as P2G technology matures. Another key finding from modelling the optimal options for energy suppliers to deal with congestion via hydrogen blending in the given regions under current conditions was that deliveries to the mobility sector dominated. This was because hydrogen prices in mobility are assumed to be higher than those for industry. A backdrop of delivery to mobility, however, is that both prices and demand volumes are more uncertain than deliveries to industry. Interviews with various stakeholders revealed the following main perceived opportunities and barriers of implementing P2G investment and local blending in decentral industries. The main barriers: As long as it is uncertain if local e-grid congestion is a lasting and growing or instead temporary problem in a particular region (e.g., because operators may or may not extend grid-capacities), the profitability of an electrolyser investment by a local energy provider to deal with congestion will be uncertain as well. Given that electrolyser and related equipment CAPEX levels on the whole are quite high, such uncertainty can pose a serious barrier. If congestion is mitigated via P2G involving a relatively small hydrogen blend of, say, 10% hydrogen admixed to natural gas (corresponding with ≈3% emission reduction), the decarbonisation impact remains quite small; at the same time the energy content of the blend gets smaller than of natural gas only (when compared at constant volumetric flowrate). Introducing hydrogen blends therefore is only considered to be worthwhile by decentral industries if it offers a serious and ultimately complete step forward towards decarbonising the use of gas. P2G investment to deal with congestion remains tricky as long as uncertainty remains about the degree to which energy system operators are legally allowed to facilitate ‘pure’ hydrogen connections to the gas grid to serve specific local demand and to apply blends of hydrogen in their local grid. The main opportunities: Local P2G investment and subsequent hydrogen blending can be a first step towards local integration of the electricity and gas systems. This way it can help: offering a solution for local e-grid congestion problems; enhance the profitability of RES investment; and improve local security of supply conditions. Local P2G investment designed to deal with e-grid congestion can also: act as a stepping stone to synergistically serve an increasing number of end users besides local industry (e.g. mobility and the built environment); and may act as a dominant enabler of a decisive decarbonisation trend in the entire relevant area. Market conditions for P2G are generally expected to improve as the technologies are scaling up such that ultimately hydrogen may develop into a dominant energy carrier; given this perspective, first- mover issues may have to be taken for granted for the technology to ultimately pay off. Not following this path carries the risk of missing out in the future. NB: The modelling activities that took place in this study were based on the 2022 state of the art with respect to the cost of batteries and electrolyzers and with respect to the availability of SDE++ subsidies and conditions., Dit project is medegefinancierd door TKI Nieuw Gas | Topsector Energie uit de PPS-toeslag onder referentienummer TKI2022-HyDelta.

Purpose: Case study of an organisation depicts an issue pertaining to a problem and the strategies adopted by the company. Analysis of an organisation will enable to interpret the process of the company which help us to identify, understand and bring out strategies which could help to solve the problem. The aim of the study is to know the various leaders, the leadership styles and the lessons adopted by TATA, s. This attempt also identifies the process of management, effective leadership skills, the decision making process. Leadership skills influence the development of organisational theory. Research approach: The present paper, discusses the various analysis as a research methodology which will aid the future researcher in developing and analysing the organisation as a case study. The study analyses the TATA group of industry, which considered the various determinants, affecting factors of Leadership. The present paper discusses the various analyses like SWOT analysis, ABCD analysis, value chain analysis and TATA conceptual model for leadership which will enable to identify the critical element of the organisation and the usefulness of effective leadership in management of the process of the organisation, especially during the decision making. The study also recommends this analysis for future case work analysis of any organisation. Finding/Result: TATA group of companies should focus on utilizing its assets notable by the SWOT analysis, and make use of the opportunities. It can improve the value creating activities within its value chain Originality/value: A conceptual leadership model is developed by studying the various institutions of TATA group companies. As leadership is essential for growth and prosperity of companies for the better leadership to support CSR activity and for profitability. TATA has to work on the green management strategies which the talk of the day, get along with the IT innovations, globalisation, business expansion, huge investment on research, inventory management etc.

Purpose: Case study of an organisation depicts an issue pertaining to a problem and the strategies adopted by the company. Analysis of an organisation will enable to interpret the process of the company which help us to identify, understand and bring out strategies which could help to solve the problem. The aim of the study is to know the various leaders, the leadership styles and the lessons adopted by TATA, s. This attempt also identifies the process of management, effective leadership skills, the decision making process. Leadership skills influence the development of organisational theory. Research approach: The present paper, discusses the various analysis as a research methodology which will aid the future researcher in developing and analysing the organisation as a case study. The study analyses the TATA group of industry, which considered the various determinants, affecting factors of Leadership. The present paper discusses the various analyses like SWOT analysis, ABCD analysis, value chain analysis and TATA conceptual model for leadership which will enable to identify the critical element of the organisation and the usefulness of effective leadership in management of the process of the organisation, especially during the decision making. The study also recommends this analysis for future case work analysis of any organisation. Finding/Result: TATA group of companies should focus on utilizing its assets notable by the SWOT analysis, and make use of the opportunities. It can improve the value creating activities within its value chain Originality/value: A conceptual leadership model is developed by studying the various institutions of TATA group companies. As leadership is essential for growth and prosperity of companies for the better leadership to support CSR activity and for profitability. TATA has to work on the green management strategies which the talk of the day, get along with the IT innovations, globalisation, business expansion, huge investment on research, inventory management etc.

This report contains a summary of the most important findings during the execution of HyDelta 1's WP7A: hydrogen value chain analysis in the Netherlands., Dit project is medegefinancierd door TKI Nieuw Gas | Topsector Energie uit de PPS-toeslag onder referentienummer TKI2020-HyDelta.

Since the Paris climate agreement, the attention for ways to decarbonize the existing energy system has grown immensely. Sustainable alternatives for fossil oil and gas which are still able to provide the same level of energy security, or better, are of particular interest. The implementation of these carriers will impact the existing energy system as a whole, mainly because of two reasons: new energy carriers need to fit within an existing energy system (e.g., H2, NH3); and some existing carriers might increase significantly in capacity (electricity). New means of production, transport, storage and demand, i.e., value chains, will be required to realize these. In this report existing literature on the potential role of hydrogen in the future energy system is described. Following, the ways of modelling this future role in the energy system are distinguished, and how a modelling approach can influence the results. After the stage is set, the reasoning behind national decision making on hydrogen value chain development is described through their respective national hydrogen strategy. Finally, the design of hydrogen value chains within the environment of interest can be designed by identifying the chain elements, and the value chain models of interest. The condition of the existing energy system is an important fact to consider, to find the best way of decarbonizing it. The type of hydrogen economy, being it green or blue, import or export focused, primary gas demand or primary electrified demand, depends a lot on the strategy of the country. These national strategies are dependent on the costs of hydrogen production, growth of demand relative to production, and policy decision-making. To find which potential value chains can be the most cost-effective within an energy system one can make use of value chain modelling. Two general types of modelling, optimization or calculation of value chains, return different perspectives on the results. Optimization returns one optimized solution within the given boundaries, and calculation gives a better opportunity to analyse scenarios and parameter sensitivities. In the (academic) literature, a lot of focus is on the planning (optimization) of HRS and costs for mobility sector. Typically, interdisciplinary consortia including governments, knowledge institutions and industrial stakeholders focus on the large-scale industrial end-use of hydrogen. In the process of modelling value chains in general, the volumes and costs of hydrogen through the stages of the value chain are identified and provide insight in the economic and technical implications within a value chain. These insights can be of use for spatial planning, capacity planning and feasibility studies for the hydrogen value chain elements themselves., Dit project is medegefinancierd door TKI Nieuw Gas | Topsector Energie uit de PPS-toeslag onder referentienummer TKI2020-HyDelta.

Bureaucracy reform program drives Indonesian government to change their management to enhance their organizational performance. Information technology became one of strategic plan that organization tried to improve. Knowledge management system is one of information system that supporting knowledge management implementation in government which categorized as people perspective, because this system has high dependency in human interaction and participation. Strategic plan for developing knowledge management system can be determine using some of information system strategic methods. This research conducted to define type of strategic method of information system, stage of activity each method, strength and weakness. Literature review methods used to identify and classify strategic methods of information system, differentiate method type, categorize common activities, strength and weakness. Result of this research are determine and compare six strategic information system methods, Balanced Scorecard and Risk Analysis believe as common strategic method that usually used and have the highest excellence strength., {"references":["I. Bercerra-Fernandez and R. Sabherwal, Knowledge Management\nSystem and Process. United States of America: M.E. Sharp, Inc., 2010.","M. Woodman and A. Zade, \"Five Grounded Principles for Developing\nKnowledge Management Systems Knowledge for Business (K4B),\nLondon, UK,\" Electron. J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 183–194,\n2012.","J. S. Edwards, D. Shaw, and P. M. Collier, \"Knowledge Management,\"\nJ. Knowl. Manag., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 113–125, 2005.","R. Young, Knowledge Management. Japan: Asian Productivity\nOrganization, 2013.","M. A. Jhon and D. E. Leidner, \"Review: Knowledge Management and\nKnowledge Management System: Conceptual Foundations and Research\nIssues,\" MIS Quartely, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 107–136, 2001.","J. 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The UMBRELLA project aims to develop a web-based decision support application in recognition of the implementation and incentivisation of building energy efficiency solutions. The project is centred on the creation of new innovative business models, which will be tailored to various different stakeholders (e.g.,owners, occupants, management companies, public authorities), building types, climate and policies. The deliverable reports on a process of inVdepth stakeholder identification and mapping, developed and enacted specifically for UMBRELLA. Stakeholder mapping and identification is achieved in a stepVwise manner. First, a model for the lifecycle of a generic construction project is developed, including six stages or so-called ‘Hubs of Activity’. The six articulated Hubs include:upstreamactivities;initiationandviability;designandplanning;constructionandimplementation;operationandmaintenance,andend-of-lifeanddownstreamactivities.This model synthesises insights from a broad ranging review of the literature, and forwards a coherent approach through which to structure the analysis of value generation activities through the energy efficiency supply chain. Articulated stages are discrete in their own right, but are also inter-linked and co-dependent. While distinctions can be made to the level of identified Hubs of Activity, the boundaries between these Hubs are not absolute. Second, a description of the stakeholders located around each Hub is forwarded, including a mapping of these in terms of specific power-interest matrices. Information collated from extensive stakeholder engagement is analysed and interrogated, producing key observations for discrete Hubs of Activity. These are consolidated and synthesised with insights generated from the literature, to develop a grounded characterisation of energy efficiency retrofit stakeholders, their interactions, and the value chains associated with their activities. In this way, the Hubs of Activity model forwarded in the original report for Deliverable 2.1 is updated and refined. The report therefore provides an analysis of the stakeholder interactions for typical energy efficiency and retrofit projects, drawing on insights from actual projects and from currently active stakeholders. Through data generated from the stakeholder engagement process, power flows, drivers and conflicts and synergies across energy efficiency retrofit activities are outlined, and evaluated. The implications of these analyses for the application of a value approach for retrofit are generated. In this way, an approach for mapping of value chains for energy efficiency retrofit projects&nbsp