Search

Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I., Zotina, Tatiana A. (2023): Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia). Zootaxa 5306 (3): 331-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2

Limnephilus politus McLachlan 1865. The anterior 1/3 of the pronotum is much darker than the posterior 2/3 (Figs 7A, 7C). The gills consist of triple filaments (Fig. 7B). The hind femora bear secondary setae; there are no secondary setae on middle femora (Figs 7D, 7E). The cases are straight cylinders up to 2 cm long (Fig. 7F). The cases are mainly composed of parts of water moss stems and leaves with some parts of stems of vascular plants mounted at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the case. This species is minor in number, sporadically occurring in the Trichoptera assemblages on water moss., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["McLachlan, R. (1865) Trichoptera Britanica. A monograph of British species of caddis-flies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 5, 1 - 184."]}

Apatania crymophila McLachlan 1880. The mesonotum shows distinct, large, diamond-shaped posterolateral spots (Fig. 9A). The surface of the protonum is covered by short thick secondary setae (Fig. 9B). The pairs of postocular primary setae on the head are shorter than the frontal setae; the posterior part of the head is light-colored (Fig. 9B). The length of the gula is greater than its width by a factor of more than 1.5 (Fig. 9C). The cases have a shape of slightly curly conic tubes (Fig. 9D) made of small mineral particles; ballast particles of larger size are often mounted laterally (Fig. 9E). The length of the cases does not exceed 1.5 cm (Figs 9D, 9E). The longest cases are typical of the latest larval instars, when cases are attached to rocks on the bottom; the size of the cases of younger, mobile larval instars does not exceed 1 cm. This species was the most numerous in the assemblages of Trichoptera on water moss., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["McLachlan, R. (1880) A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna, Part 9. John van Voorst, London, pp. 501 - 523, with supplement, pp. xiii - lxxxiv, plates 52 - 59."]}

Anabolia servata McLachlan 1880. The head is light-colored, with a contrasting V-shaped pattern of dark dots and merged spots against the yellowish background (Figs 3A, 3B). The side surfaces of middle and hind femora have additional secondary setae (Figs 3C, 3D). The secondary setae on the femora have no dark spots at their base (Figs 3C, 3D). The basal parts of the middle and hind trochanters each has a single ventral primary seta (Figs 3 С, 3D). The larvae of this species are found in two types of cases shaped as straight or slightly conic tubes: one type consists of leaves of water moss, with a long plant detrital stick attached to some cases (Fig. 3E); the other type is made of mineral particles (sand) of different sizes, with a plant detrital stick mounted in each case (Fig. 3F). The occurrence of the second type is higher. The length of a case is no more than 2.5 cm. This species was minor in abundance but was regularly found in assemblages of Trichoptera on water moss., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["McLachlan, R. (1880) A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna, Part 9. John van Voorst, London, pp. 501 - 523, with supplement, pp. xiii - lxxxiv, plates 52 - 59."]}

Brachycentrus subnubilis Curtis 1834. The mesonotum always consists of pairs of sclerites; each metathorax epimeron has a brush of long setae on the anterior edge (Fig. 10A). The setae of the mesonotal sclerites are closely adjacent to the posterior edge (Fig. 10A). The inner anterior corner of each submesal mesonotal sclerite has 2-4 setae (Fig. 10A). The mid- and hind tibiae each have a large apicoventral protrusion bearing a large apical bristle (Fig. 10B). The dorsal edges of the middle and hind femora have several secondary setae (Fig. 10B); the ventral edges of these femora each has a dense row of short filtering hairs and two long bristles, there are no hypertrophic setae (Fig. 10B). The larval case is a slightly conic tetrahedral tube square in cross-section (Figs 10C, 10D) up to 1 cm long. A case is constructed from leaves of water moss arranged transversely. Two types of cases were found in our samples. One type has regular transverse ribs on the case surface, which are clearly seen with the naked eye or at a low magnification, and fragments of water moss shoots are embedded in cases at the frontal or distal or both ends of the tube (Fig. 10C). Cases of the other type have a smooth surface, but regular structures formed by leaves of water moss embedded at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the case are visible at microscopic magnification (Fig. 10D). This species was low in numbers but regularly found in the Trichoptera assemblages on water moss., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 341, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["Curtis, J. (1834) Description of some hitherto nondescript British species of mayflies of anglers. The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 3 (4), 120 - 125, 212 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786443408648304"]}

Arctopsyche ladogensis Kolenati 1859. There is a distinct light stripe along the frontal and coronal sutures of the head continuing mesally on the thoracic nota (Fig. 2A). The gular sclerite (ventral apotome) tapers towards the posterior end (Fig. 2C). The larvae are retreat-makers and do not construct cases. This species sporadically occurred in assemblages of Trichoptera on water moss but was abundant in samples of shining pondweed Potamogeton lucens L. collected at sampling site 2/1., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["Kolenati, F. A. (1859) Genera et species Trichopterorum, Pars Altera. Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 11, 141 - 296"]}

Dicosmoecus palatus McLachlan 1872. The protonum is uniformly grayish brown; the head and the legs are colored similarly (Fig. 4A). The spicules along the anterior edge of the pronotum are very short; relatively long setae are also present (Fig. 4B). Each tibia bears several pairs of light-colored spiked setae along the ventral edge (Fig. 4C). The cases are bulky, straight or very slightly curved tubes, constructed from relatively large pebbles; the dorsal part of the case is oval; the length of the case reaches 2.5 cm (Fig. 4D). Single individuals of this species regularly occurred in the assemblages of Trichoptera on water moss., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["McLachlan, R. (1872) Materiaux pour une fauna Nevropterologique de l'Asie septentrionale II. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 15, 47 - 77."]}

Potamophylax latipennis Curtis 1834. On abdominal tergite IX and the basal sclerites of the anal legs, there are no transparent spiked setae (Figs 8A, 8E). There are no light-colored spots behind the eyes (Fig. 8B). The metanotum bears two anteromedian sclerites that are spaced apart (Fig. 8C). Abdominal segment I bears the largest setae, each with a round sclerite at its base (Fig. 8D); the diameter of a round sclerite is greater than the thickness of its seta (Fig. 8D). Abdominal tergite IX is flanked by 2 or more lateral setae (Fig. 8E). No secondary setae are present on anterior and posterior surfaces of middle and hind femora (Fig. 8F). The basal half of the upper edge of each middle and hind femur bears a single large primary seta (Fig. 8F). The case is a slightly curved tube made of small roundish pebbles, with an oval dorsal side, up to 2.5 cm long (Fig. 8G). This species occurs only sporadically in samples of water moss., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["Curtis, J. (1834) Description of some hitherto nondescript British species of mayflies of anglers. The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 3 (4), 120 - 125, 212 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786443408648304"]}

Chaetopteryx sahlbergi McLachlan 1876. The first abdominal segment is densely covered by spiked setae, their total number on the first segment being no more than 40 (Fig. 6B). The gills consist of single filaments (Fig. 6C). The metanotum has two visibly separated anteromedial sclerites (Fig. 6D). One seta is present on each side of abdominal tergite IX (Fig. 6E). Secondary setae are absent on the femora of the middle and hind legs; there is only one seta on the basal half of each upper femur edge (Figs 6F, 6G). The larval case is a slightly curved conic tube, up to 1.5 cm long, constructed of short detrital sticks varying in length and embedded along the case (Fig. 6H). This species sporadically occurred in the assemblages of Trichoptera on water moss, but the numbers were low., Published as part of Konovalova, Daria A., Kislitsina, Nadezhda I. & Zotina, Tatiana A., 2023, Assemblages of Trichoptera larvae on water moss in the middle reaches of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia), pp. 331-348 in Zootaxa 5306 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8062982, {"references":["McLachlan, R. (1876) s. n. In: A Monographic Revision and Synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna, Part 4. John van Voorst, London, pp. 145 - 220, pls. 16 - 23."]}

Mystacides azureus (Linnaeus 1761) Figs. 1, 5A–5M, 6A1–6E6 Phryganea azurea Linnaeus 1761: 380. This species was originally described from Sweden and has been recorded in a broad geographical range from Western and Northern Europe to the Far East, including Japan. Although several authors described or illustrated the male and female of this species (e.g., Mosely 1939; Vshivkova et al. 1997), we provide illustrations of male and female genitalia of individuals from Japan for comparison (Figs 5A–5M, 6A1–6E6). We detected intraspecific variation in the shape of the male genitalia among Japanese individuals, although conspicuous morphological variation was not observed in the female. Remarks. The males exhibit great variation in the shape of tergum X even among individuals collected at the same time and place. The tergum X is produced into two asymmetrical spines posteriorly: In most populations, one spine is shorter and sinuous in the distal half and the other spine is curved and longer but variable in shape and length. The latter spine is slightly longer than the former and curved mesad in its apical half or bent mesad at midlength in more than half of the examined specimens (short type; Figs 6A 1, 6A 2, 6B1–6B4, 6C1, 6C 2, 6E 1–6E3), which type well agrees with European individuals (Kumanski 1988; Mosely 1939). However, in some specimens, the latter is far longer than the former and curved sigmoidally in dorsal aspect (long twist type; Figs 6A 5, 6C 5, 6C 6, 6E 5, 6E 6). In addition, a few specimens have the longer spine slightly curved outward subapically, representing an intermediate between the two types (Fig. 6A 3, 6A 4, 6C 3, 6C 4, 6E 4). In most specimens, the longer spine is crossing beneath the shorter. Frequencies of the long twist type vary geographically. Only a few or no long-twist type individuals were found in specimens collected in Hokkaidô and Kyûshû, but over 20% of individuals exhibit this type in specimens collected in Honshû and Shikoku (Table 1). The population in lakes in Ômachi, Nagano, and Honshû, however, exhibit a different type of shape of tergum X from the other populations (Figs 5F–5J): The usually short sinuate spine is usually longer than the curved one (reversal type; Figs 6D 1, 6D 2), although some specimens have the curved spine extending beyond the sinuate spine (Figs 6D 3, 6D 4), resembling the intermediate type. Specimens having more extended spines (Fig. 6D 5) almost agree with those of the long twist type. The degree of the posteroventral excisions of the inferior appendages in lateral aspect is also variable (Figs 5A, 5F, 6). The excision of specimens collected in Honshû (Figs 6C–6E) tends to be deeper than that in Hokkaidô (Figs 6A, 6B), but variation of this character within each population is rather small. The reversal type specimens of the Ômachi population closely resemble illustrations of Mystacides elongatus from China by Yang & Morse (2000). In addition, our female specimens of this species show no evident variation in genital morphology and are very similar to illustrations those of M. elongatus by them. These facts suggest that M. elongatus may be included in the variation of M. azureus. Morphological and molecular studies of M. elongatus specimens from China would be needed to clarify the relation of M. elongatus and M. azureus. HOKKAIDO: Kushiro: 57³ 2³(L) 3³ (I) 13♀, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Akan-ko, 14.ix.1999, TI & N. Minakawa; 6³ 10♀, same location, 7.viii.2007, TI; 6³ 5♀, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Ibeshibetsu-gawa R., 19.ix.1989, NK; 1³ 1³(L) 4♀, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Panketô, 21.ix.1996, TI; 1³, same location, 14.ix.1999, N. Minakawa; 6³ 2♀, same location, 3–4.x.2006, TI; 1³ 2♀, same location, 8.viii.2007, TI; 7♀, Shibecha-chô, L. Shirarutoro-ko, 9.viii.2005, TI; 1³, same location, 16.viii.2007, TI; 1³, same location, 25.vii.2008, TI. Sôya: 16³ 8♀, Sarufutsumura, Asajino, 31.vii.2007, NK. Kamikawa: 1♀, Tôma-chô, Nakadai, 15.vii.2007, NK. Sorachi: 1♀, Yuni-chô, Kawabata, small stream, 15–30.viii.2007, NK. Ishikari: 1♀, Chitose-shi, Bibi, Bibi-gawa R., 29.viii.1991, TI; 1♀, same location, 5–26.ix.1993, TI; 4♀, Chitose-shi, Neshikoshi, Chitose-gawa R., 4.ix.1997, NK; 1³, Chitose-shi, Izumisawa, Mamachi-gawa R., 6.viii.2003, NK; 1♀, Chitose-shi, Okotan, Okotanpe-gawa R., 26.ix.1998, NK; 4³ 1♀, Chitose-shi, L. Shirarutoro-ko, 29.ix.1996, TI & A. Ohkawa; 3♀, same location, 29.ix.1996, A. Ohkawa; 1³ 5♀, same location, 28.viii.1997, TI & A. Ohkawa; 5³ 1♀, same location, 25.ix.1997, NK; 3³ 13♀, same location, 5.viii-7.x.2005, NK; 6³ 5♀, same location, 4–10.viii.2006, NK; 2³ 1♀, Chitose-shi, small stream beside L. Shikotsu-ko, 1.x.1993, NK; 4♀, same location, 21.VII-6.x.1996, Y. Nagayasu; 1♀, Sapporo-shi, Misumai, Toyohiragawa R., 27.vii.1992, NK. Iburi: 1♀, Atsuma-chô, Naganuma, Koi-numa, 13.vii.2006, NK; 1♀, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, Bibi-gawa R., 18.vi.1990, NK; 2³, same location, 2.viii.1998, NK; 6♀, same location, 5.vii.2009, NK; 2³ 3♀, Tomakomai-shi, L. Utonai-ko, 1–6.vii.1998, NK; 1³ 1♀, same location, 21.vi.2003, NK; 9³, same location, 22.vii.2004, TI. Oshima: 4³ 6♀, Nanae-chô, Konuma, 23.vi.2003, NK; 10³ 12♀, Nanae-chô, Ônuma, 23.vi.2003, NK. HONSHU : Aomori: 1³(I), Fujisaki-machi, Shirako, Iwaki-gawa R., 2.viii.1996, Suzuki; 1³ 1³(L) 2♀, Hirosaki-shi, Akudo, Iwaki-gawa R., 20.viii.1996, Suzuki. Akita: 5³, Kosaka-machi, Towadako-namariyama, L. Towada-ko, 8.viii.1999, H. Kato. Fukushima: 1³ 1³(L) 3♀, Shôwa-mura, Yanohara-kôgen, 19.viii.2008, N. Katsuma. Ibaraki: 4³ 2³(L) 3♀, Kasama-shi, Minamikoizumi, 24.vi.2007, N. Katsuma. Gumma: 1³(L) 1³(I) 2♀, Fujioka-shi, Samba-gawa R., 29.v.1991, S. Ishiwata. Tôkyô: 1³(L), Fussa-shi, Nagatabashi, 9.vi.1985, S. Sasaki. Kanagawa: 1³, Hadano-shi, L. Shinsei-ko, 16.xii.1979, TN; 2³(I) 15♀, Sagamihara-shi, Fujino-chô, Magino, 9.vi.1988, TN; 2³ 1³(L) 5♀, Yamakita-machi, Shiraishi-zawa, 5–6.vii.1984, TN; 1³(L), same location, 19.vii.1982, TN; 10³ 4³(L) 7♀, Zushi-shi, Sakurayama, Morito-gawa R., 20.vii.2009, TN. Fukui: 1³, Tsuruga-shi, Ikenokôchi-shitsugen, 21.vii.2015, TI; 1³ 1³(L) 13♀, same location, 11.vi.2016. Nagano: 1³ 1♀, Koumi-chô, Matsubara, L. Chô-ko, 30.v.1997, TI; 3♀, Maruko-machi, Uchimura-kawa, 21.vi.1997, K. Tojo; 1³(R), Ômachi-shi, L. Aoki-ko, 28.viii.2008, N. Katsuma; 1³(L) 2³(R), same location, 23.ix.2009, NK; 1³(L) 2³(I) 9³(R) 17♀, Ômachi-shi, L. Nakatsuna-ko, 27.ix.1990, NK; 3³(L) 2³(I) 14³(R) 19♀, same location, 23.ix.2009, NK. Gifu: 1³(L), Higashishirakawa-mura, Oppara, 27.v.1988, TN. Shizuoka: 2³ 3³(L) 1³(I) 1♀, Shimoda-shi, Tateno, 12.iv.2009, S. Inaba. Mie: 4³ 2³(L) 2³(I) 2♀, Shima-shi, Isobe-chô, Natsukusa, 5.vii.2008, H. Morita. Hyôgo: 2³ 1³(I), Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 3.xi.2006, K. Inazu. & TI. Shimane: 1³ 3♀, Gôtsu-shi, Sakuraechô, Kawagoe, 2.v.1999, SN; 2³, Oochi-chô, Shiki, 10.viii.1999, SN; 1³ 1♀, Kawamoto-machi, Inbara, 12.v.1999, SN; 4³ 1♀, Masuda-shi, Mukaiyokotachô, 7-8.v.2000, SN; 1³ 4♀, same location, 29.vii.2000, SN; 3³, Masuda-shi, Yasudomichô, 18.vii.2000, SN; 2³ 8♀, Masuda-shi, Musochô, 6.v.2001, SN; 2³ 1³(L), Masuda-shi, Musochô, Takatsu-gawa R., 27.vii.2000, SN. Hiroshima: 1³(I), Akitakata-shi, Yachiyo-chô, Haji, Haji-dam, 11.vii.2000, SN; 1³ 2♀, Akitakata-shi, Yoshida-chô, Yoshida, 21.iv.1999, SN; 1³(L) 1³(I), Higashihiroshima-shi, Takaya-chô, Nakashima, 13.vii.1999, SN; 1³, Hiroshima-shi, Asakita-ku, Kabechô, Imaida, 24.iv.1999, SN; 3³ 1³(L) 2♀, Kôzan-chô, Uzuto-gawa R., Hattabara-dam, 5.viii.1998, SN; 6³ 1³(L) 1♀, same location, 25.vii.2000, SN; 1³(I), Miyoshi-shi, Minamihatajikimachi, 1.viii.1999, SN; 2³, same location, 6.x.1999, SN; 1³ 2♀, Ôtake-shi, Fukase, Kose-gawa R., 8.v.2001, SN; 1³, same location, 23.vii.2001, SN; 1³(L) 4♀, Ôtake-shi, Bouroku, Kose-gawa R., 7.v.2001, SN; 5³ 4♀, Ôtake-shi, Kuritanicho, Yasaka-dam, 28.vii.2000, SN; 1³, Sera-chô, Io, Hattabara-dam, 26.vii.2000, SN; 2³ 1³(L), Yuki-chô, Shimominauchi, 25.iv.1999, SN; 1³(L), same location, 15.v.2003, TN. Yamaguchi: 1³ 2♀, Iwakuni-shi, Miwachô, One-gawa, Yasaka-dam, 25.ix.2000, SN. SHIKOKU : Tokushima: 1³ 1³(L), Kitô-son, Takanose-kyô, 18.vii.1998, I. Yamashita. Kagawa: 2³ 1³(I) 1♀, Takamatsu-shi, Shionoe, 14.ix.2006, NK. Kôchi: 11³ 2³(L) 6♀, Kami-shi, Monobechô, Befu, 2.viii.2003, I. Yamashita; 2³(L), Muroto-shi, Sakihama, Sakihama-gawa R., 29.iv.2004, M. Takai; 1³(L) 1♀, Nankoku-shi, Nakanogawa-rindô, 29.v.2004, M. Takai; 1³(L), Ochi-chô, Tokoroyama, Ichigaya, 21.vii.2004, K. Nio; 1³(L), Sukumo-shi, Itchûbara, 28.iv.2001, M. Takai; 1³, same location, 30.iv.2004, M. Takai; 1³, Tosashimizu-shi, Mochiishi, Kitayamahigashi, 21.vii.2004, K. Nio. KYÛSHÛ : Fukuoka: 1³ 1♀, Chikushino-shi, Yoshiki, 30.iv.1986, N. Gyotoku; 1³ 1♀, same location, 9.x.1986, N. Gyotoku; 2³, Ukiha-shi, Yoshiimachi, Sakurai, Chikuko-gawa R., 8.iv.1997, TN. Saga: 4³ 9♀, Takeo-shi, 22–23.iv.2009, T. Shimizu; 7³ 1♀, Ureshino-shi, 4.vi.2009, T. Shimizu. TSUSHIMA: 5³ 2³(L) 2♀, Tsushima-shi, Kamiagata-chô, Sago, upper reaches of Sago-gawa R., 22.vii.2009, R.B. Kuranishi., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, Nozaki, Takao, Zhang, Ao & Zhou, Xin, 2023, DNA barcoding facilitates discovery and description of two new species of the Mystacides azureus Species Group (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Japan, pp. 215-231 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8058719, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna Svecia: Sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per Classes & Ordines, Genera & Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolaru, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus Insectorum. 2 nd Edition. Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 578 pp., 2 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34906","Mosely, M. E. (1939) The British Caddis Flies (Trichoptera). Routledge, London, 320 pp.","Vshivkova, T. S., Morse, J. C. & Yang, L. (1997) Family Leptoceridae. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), Key to the Insects of the Russian Far East. Vol. 5. Part 1. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 154 - 202. [in Russian]","Kumanski, K. 1988. Trichoptera, Integripalpia. Fauna Bulgarica 19. Bulgarska Akademi na Naukite, Sofia, 354 pp.","Yang, L. & Morse, J. C. (2000) Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) of the People's Republic of China. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 64, 1 - 311."]}

Mystacides moritai n. sp. Figs 1, 4A–4I Mystacides sp. (af. superatus): Morita 2011, 217. Diagnosis. Among species of the M. azureus Species Group, the male of this species shares an unusually large caudal projection of the each inferior appendage with that of M. superatus from China, but can be distinguished from it by lack of the lower projection of the appendage. Female of this species is similar to that of M. azureus but can be distinguished from it by the shape of the lamellae; in lateral aspect, each is parallel sided or slightly tapered in the apical half in the present species but broadest with a dorsal expansion at midpoint in M. azureus. It also somewhat resembles that of M. rivularis n. sp. but can be distinguished from it by the subtriangular plate of the spermathecal sclerite. Adult. Forewing length: male 6.1–8.1 mm (mean = 7.5 mm, n = 10); female 6.8–8.5 mm (mean = 7.5 mm, n = 8). Vertex, thorax, and wings in ethanol brownish black. General morphology typical for the genus. Relative eye size smaller than that in M. azureus for both male and female (Fig. 1). Male genitalia (Figs 4A–4E). Segment IX 1/8 as long dorsally as tall laterally, 1 1/4 times as long ventrally as tall laterally; in ventral view apicoventral process of sternum 2/3 as long as rest of sternum, with stout base and slender V-shaped lateral arms. Preanal appendages very long and slender. Tergum X antisymmetrical, produced into two spines; longer spine bent inward at one-third from base in dorsal aspect, extending beyond apical process of sternum IX; other spine half as long as longer one, nearly straight in dorsal aspect with acute apex. Inferior appendages each clavate in lateral view with slender base 1/3 as thick as broad apex; upper caudal projection directed dorsad, as long as wide; middle caudal projection unusually large, curved dorsomesad, tapering to acute apex; lower caudal projection lacking. Phallus without evident paramere spines or phallicata, with ventromedian spine directed anteroventrad at one third distance from apex and pair of sharp, triangular flanges subapically, apicoventral lip of phallobase constricted subapically in ventral aspect. Female genitalia (Figs 4F–4H). Segment IX short. Segment X shorter than preanal appendages, narrowly incised ventromedially in dorsal view. Preanal appendages slender, straight, and setose. Lamellae very long; in lateral aspect each with apical half twice as broad as basal half, somewhat curved downward, parallel sided or slightly tapered in apical half, with round apex; dorsal margin inflated; outer surface slightly concave. Gonopod plates triangular in ventral aspect with short, rounded pair of posterolateral processes; apex extending far beyond apex of segment X. Spermathecal sclerite rhomboid, rounded anteriorly. Holotype: ³, Honshû, Mie, Shima-shi, Isobe-chô, Natsukusa, 34.359°N, 136.766°E, alt. 20 m, 5.vii.2008, H. Morita. Paratypes: 1³, same data as holotype; 7³, Honshû, Hyôgo, Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 3.xi.2006, K. Inazu & TI. Other specimens examined. HONSHÛ: Fukui: 5³ 9♀, Tsuruga-shi, Ikenokôchi-shitsugen, 1.x.2013, TI; 3³ 11♀, same location, 30.v.2015, TI; 8³ 7♀, same location, 24.vi.2015, TI; 5³ 4♀, same location, 21.vii.2015, TI; 4♀, same location, 11.vi.2016, TI. Hyôgo: 3³, Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 19.v.2009, R.B. Kuranishi. Etymology. Named moritai after Mr. H. Morita, who first provided us the examined specimens of this species, including the holotype. Distribution. Japan (western Honshû). Habitat. Adults of this species have been collected at three sites: beside a small stream with low gradient, from a stream flowing through a small marsh, and from a pond recharged by spring water. Adults of M. azureus also have been collected at all these sites sympatrically.

Mystacides moritai n. sp. Figs 1, 4A–4I Mystacides sp. (af. superatus): Morita 2011, 217. Diagnosis. Among species of the M. azureus Species Group, the male of this species shares an unusually large caudal projection of the each inferior appendage with that of M. superatus from China, but can be distinguished from it by lack of the lower projection of the appendage. Female of this species is similar to that of M. azureus but can be distinguished from it by the shape of the lamellae; in lateral aspect, each is parallel sided or slightly tapered in the apical half in the present species but broadest with a dorsal expansion at midpoint in M. azureus. It also somewhat resembles that of M. rivularis n. sp. but can be distinguished from it by the subtriangular plate of the spermathecal sclerite. Adult. Forewing length: male 6.1–8.1 mm (mean = 7.5 mm, n = 10); female 6.8–8.5 mm (mean = 7.5 mm, n = 8). Vertex, thorax, and wings in ethanol brownish black. General morphology typical for the genus. Relative eye size smaller than that in M. azureus for both male and female (Fig. 1). Male genitalia (Figs 4A–4E). Segment IX 1/8 as long dorsally as tall laterally, 1 1/4 times as long ventrally as tall laterally; in ventral view apicoventral process of sternum 2/3 as long as rest of sternum, with stout base and slender V-shaped lateral arms. Preanal appendages very long and slender. Tergum X antisymmetrical, produced into two spines; longer spine bent inward at one-third from base in dorsal aspect, extending beyond apical process of sternum IX; other spine half as long as longer one, nearly straight in dorsal aspect with acute apex. Inferior appendages each clavate in lateral view with slender base 1/3 as thick as broad apex; upper caudal projection directed dorsad, as long as wide; middle caudal projection unusually large, curved dorsomesad, tapering to acute apex; lower caudal projection lacking. Phallus without evident paramere spines or phallicata, with ventromedian spine directed anteroventrad at one third distance from apex and pair of sharp, triangular flanges subapically, apicoventral lip of phallobase constricted subapically in ventral aspect. Female genitalia (Figs 4F–4H). Segment IX short. Segment X shorter than preanal appendages, narrowly incised ventromedially in dorsal view. Preanal appendages slender, straight, and setose. Lamellae very long; in lateral aspect each with apical half twice as broad as basal half, somewhat curved downward, parallel sided or slightly tapered in apical half, with round apex; dorsal margin inflated; outer surface slightly concave. Gonopod plates triangular in ventral aspect with short, rounded pair of posterolateral processes; apex extending far beyond apex of segment X. Spermathecal sclerite rhomboid, rounded anteriorly. Holotype: ³, Honshû, Mie, Shima-shi, Isobe-chô, Natsukusa, 34.359°N, 136.766°E, alt. 20 m, 5.vii.2008, H. Morita. Paratypes: 1³, same data as holotype; 7³, Honshû, Hyôgo, Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 3.xi.2006, K. Inazu & TI. Other specimens examined. HONSHÛ: Fukui: 5³ 9♀, Tsuruga-shi, Ikenokôchi-shitsugen, 1.x.2013, TI; 3³ 11♀, same location, 30.v.2015, TI; 8³ 7♀, same location, 24.vi.2015, TI; 5³ 4♀, same location, 21.vii.2015, TI; 4♀, same location, 11.vi.2016, TI. Hyôgo: 3³, Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 19.v.2009, R.B. Kuranishi. Etymology. Named moritai after Mr. H. Morita, who first provided us the examined specimens of this species, including the holotype. Distribution. Japan (western Honshû). Habitat. Adults of this species have been collected at three sites: beside a small stream with low gradient, from a stream flowing through a small marsh, and from a pond recharged by spring water. Adults of M. azureus also have been collected at all these sites sympatrically., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, Nozaki, Takao, Zhang, Ao & Zhou, Xin, 2023, DNA barcoding facilitates discovery and description of two new species of the Mystacides azureus Species Group (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Japan, pp. 215-231 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 223-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8058719, {"references":["Morita, H. (2011) Shima-hanto no tobikera-rui [Caddisflies of Shima Peninsula]. In: Narukawa, N. (Ed.), Shima-hanto no Konchu (Insect Fauna of Shima Peninsula), Mie Konchu Danwakai, pp. 212 - 218. [in Japanese]"]}

Mystacides rivularis n. sp. Figs 1–3 Mystacides sp.: Nozaki & Tanida 2007: 252. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from M. azureus, which is occasionally collected sympatrically with M. rivularis n. sp., by shape of the male segment IX that is strongly extended posteroventrad. Among species of the M. azureus Species Group, this character state is similar to that of M. schmidi Morse & Yang 2002 from Sri Lanka, but distinguishable from the latter by the long sigmoid spine of segment X. The female of this species is characterized by the manta-ray-shaped plate of the spermathecal sclerite. Adult. Forewing length: male 6.4–7.6 mm (mean = 7.2 mm, n = 10); female 6.8–7.6 mm (mean = 7.3 mm, n = 9). Vertex, thorax, and wings in ethanol brownish black. General morphology typical for the genus. Relative eye size smaller than that in M. azureus for both male and female (Fig. 1). Male genitalia (Figs 2A–2E). Segment IX 1/5 as long dorsally as tall laterally, 1 1/5 as long ventrally as tall laterally; in ventral view apicoventral process of sternum 3/4 as long as rest of sternum, with stout base and slender V-shaped lateral arms. Preanal appendages very long and slender. Tergum X antisymmetrical, produced into two sinuate spines: one spine sigmoid in dorsal aspect, long, extending far beyond apical process of sternum IX; other spine weakly sinuate and shorter than former. Inferior appendages each with dorsomesal lobe oriented vertically, somewhat longer than mid-width in lateral view, its anterior and posterior margins subparallel; posterior margin with three caudal projections: upper caudal projection with acute apex; middle caudal projection narrow and often longest among three projections, with acute apex; lower caudal projection with round apex. Phallus without evident paramere spines or phallicata, with ventromedian spine directed anteroventrad at one third distance from apex and pair of sharp, triangular flanges subapically, apicoventral lip of phallobase constricted subapically in ventral aspect. Variation (Figs 3A1–3F3): The shapes of tergum X and inferior appendages are variable geographically. The shorter process of tergum X is about half the length of the longer process in individuals from central Honshû (Figs 3F1–3F3), but the former is prolonged in those from northern Honshû (Figs 3C1–3E1) and almost reaches the tip of the latter in those from Hokkaidô (Figs 3A1–3B2). The middle projection of each inferior appendage tends to be more strongly developed in individuals from Hokkaidô and northern Honshû (Figs 3A1–3E1) than those from central Honshû (Figs 3F 1, 3F 2) with an exception (Fig. 3F3). Female genitalia (Figs 2F–2I). Segment IX short in lateral view. Segment X shorter than preanal appendages, narrowly incised ventromedially in dorsal view. Preanal appendages slender, straight, and setose. Lamellae very long, constricted basally, shape in lateral aspect variable geographically; dorsal margin inflated; apicodorsal corner protruded outward; outer surface slightly concave. Gonopod plates triangular in ventral aspect with pair of posterolateral processes short, rounded and apex extending far beyond apex of segment X. Spermathecal sclerite with pigmented manta-ray-shaped plate, anterior and posterior margins extended anterad and posterad mesally and acute. Variation: Lamellae in lateral aspect are each subelliptical and rounded apically in individuals from the type locality Kakida-gawa, central Honshû (Fig. 2F), but more nearly parallel-sided, gradually heightened caudally, and obliquely truncate apically in those from Hokkaidô (Fig. 2I). Holotype: ³, Kakida-gawa, Shimizu-chô, Shizuoka, Honshû, Japan, 35.1031°N, 138.9028°E, alt. 13 m, 27.iv.2002, TN. Paratypes: 3³, same data as holotype; 5³, type locality, 22–23.xi.2002, NK, 2³ (pinned), type locality, 5.iv.2006, TN. Other specimens examined. HOKKAIDÔ: Nemuro: 1♀, Shibetsu-chô, Shibetsu-shitsugen, 12.viii.1996, K. Kuribayashi, 1³ 1♀, same location, 21.viii.2013, M. Nakatani; 1♀, same location, 2–3.viii.2013, M. Nakatani; 1³ 1♀, same location, 3.ix.2013, M. Nakatani. Kushiro: 1³, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Ibeshibetsu-gawa R., 6.viii.1990, NK; 1³, same location, 6.viii.1990, NK; 3³ 1♀, Shibecha-chô, Gojikkoku, Shirarutoroetoro-gawa R., 16.vii.2009, TI; 2³ 7♀, same location, 28.vii.2012, TI; 1³ 2♀, Shibecha-chô, Kayanuma, Shirarutoroetoro-gawa R., 16.vii.2009, TI; Kamikawa: 1³, Horokanai-chô, small tributary of Shumarinai-gawa R., 10.viii.1999, TI & A. Ohkawa; 1³, Horokanai-chô, small tributary of Shumarinai-gawa R., 7.vii.2007, NK. Ishikari: 1³, Chitose-shi, Bibi, Bibi-gawa R., 5–26.ix.1993, TI; 1³ 1♀, same location, 4.viii.2007, TI; 1³ 3♀, Eniwa-shi, Izari-gawa R., Eniwa-ôhashi, 11.vii.1999, TI; 1³, same location, 22.vii.1999, TI; 1³, same location, 17.vii.2015, TI; 1♀, Sapporo-shi, Hitsujigaoka, 24–31.vii.2009, K. Konishi; 1³, Sapporo-shi, Nopporo-shinrin-kôen, Osawa-guchi, 17.vi.2002, M. Sakurai. Iburi: 3³ 5♀, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, Bibi-gawa R., 29.vii.1989, NK; 5³ 1♀, same location, 17.vii.1990, NK; 1♀, same location, 16.viii.1990, NK; 4♀, same location, 18.viii.1991, TI; 2³, same location, 12.ix.1993, TI; 1³, same location, 2.viii.1998, NK; 1³, same location, 20.viii.2007, TI & A. Ohkawa; 5³ 8♀, same location, 31.vii.2009, NK; 2³, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, small stream, 1.viii.1992, NK; 1³, same location, 15.viii.1992, NK; 5³ 2♀, Tomakomai-shi, Uenae, Bibi-gawa R., 22.vii.2001, TI & A. Ohkawa; 1³, same location, 25.vii.2001, TI; 1³, same location, 29.vii.2001, TI; 1³, same location, 30.vii.2001, TI; 3³ 2♀, same location, 23.viii.2007, TI; 2³ 3♀, same location, 16.vii.2008, TI. HONSHÛ: Aomori: 1³, Nishimeya-mura, Anmon-gawa R., alt. 240 m, 16.ix.2010, TI; 1³, Takko-machi, Natsuzaka, Kumahara-gawa R., 18.viii.1996, Suzuki. Yamagata: 3³, Nishikawa-chô, Shizu, Buna-no-izumi, 11.ix.2003, TI. Shizuoka: 1♀, type locality, 11.iii.1984, reared and emerged on 7.iv.1984, TN; 3³ 1♀, same data as holotype; 1³ 1♀, type locality, 27.iv.2002, TN; 1♀, type locality, 31.viii.2002, TN; 2³ 1♀, type locality, 14.xi.2002, TN; 6³ 1♀, type locality, 22–23.xi.2002, NK. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin adjective, rivularis = of a brook or small stream) refers to the habitat of this species. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaidô, eastern Honshû). Habitat. Adults are often found beside slowly flowing streams. They are sometimes collected with M. azureus sympatrically, but the habitat preference of the new species is narrower than that of the latter., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, Nozaki, Takao, Zhang, Ao & Zhou, Xin, 2023, DNA barcoding facilitates discovery and description of two new species of the Mystacides azureus Species Group (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Japan, pp. 215-231 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 219-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8058719, {"references":["Nozaki, T. & Tanida, K. (2007) The caddisfly fauna of a huge spring-fed stream, the Kakida River, in central Japan. In: Bueno- Soria, J., Barba-Alvarez, R. & Armitage, B. J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. The Caddis Press, Columbus, pp. 243 - 255.","Morse, J. C. & Yang, L. (2002) Phylogeny, classification, and historical biogeography of world species of Mystacides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), with a new species from Sri Lanka. In: Mey, W. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, pp. 173 - 186."]}

Mystacides rivularis n. sp. Figs 1–3 Mystacides sp.: Nozaki & Tanida 2007: 252. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from M. azureus, which is occasionally collected sympatrically with M. rivularis n. sp., by shape of the male segment IX that is strongly extended posteroventrad. Among species of the M. azureus Species Group, this character state is similar to that of M. schmidi Morse & Yang 2002 from Sri Lanka, but distinguishable from the latter by the long sigmoid spine of segment X. The female of this species is characterized by the manta-ray-shaped plate of the spermathecal sclerite. Adult. Forewing length: male 6.4–7.6 mm (mean = 7.2 mm, n = 10); female 6.8–7.6 mm (mean = 7.3 mm, n = 9). Vertex, thorax, and wings in ethanol brownish black. General morphology typical for the genus. Relative eye size smaller than that in M. azureus for both male and female (Fig. 1). Male genitalia (Figs 2A–2E). Segment IX 1/5 as long dorsally as tall laterally, 1 1/5 as long ventrally as tall laterally; in ventral view apicoventral process of sternum 3/4 as long as rest of sternum, with stout base and slender V-shaped lateral arms. Preanal appendages very long and slender. Tergum X antisymmetrical, produced into two sinuate spines: one spine sigmoid in dorsal aspect, long, extending far beyond apical process of sternum IX; other spine weakly sinuate and shorter than former. Inferior appendages each with dorsomesal lobe oriented vertically, somewhat longer than mid-width in lateral view, its anterior and posterior margins subparallel; posterior margin with three caudal projections: upper caudal projection with acute apex; middle caudal projection narrow and often longest among three projections, with acute apex; lower caudal projection with round apex. Phallus without evident paramere spines or phallicata, with ventromedian spine directed anteroventrad at one third distance from apex and pair of sharp, triangular flanges subapically, apicoventral lip of phallobase constricted subapically in ventral aspect. Variation (Figs 3A1–3F3): The shapes of tergum X and inferior appendages are variable geographically. The shorter process of tergum X is about half the length of the longer process in individuals from central Honshû (Figs 3F1–3F3), but the former is prolonged in those from northern Honshû (Figs 3C1–3E1) and almost reaches the tip of the latter in those from Hokkaidô (Figs 3A1–3B2). The middle projection of each inferior appendage tends to be more strongly developed in individuals from Hokkaidô and northern Honshû (Figs 3A1–3E1) than those from central Honshû (Figs 3F 1, 3F 2) with an exception (Fig. 3F3). Female genitalia (Figs 2F–2I). Segment IX short in lateral view. Segment X shorter than preanal appendages, narrowly incised ventromedially in dorsal view. Preanal appendages slender, straight, and setose. Lamellae very long, constricted basally, shape in lateral aspect variable geographically; dorsal margin inflated; apicodorsal corner protruded outward; outer surface slightly concave. Gonopod plates triangular in ventral aspect with pair of posterolateral processes short, rounded and apex extending far beyond apex of segment X. Spermathecal sclerite with pigmented manta-ray-shaped plate, anterior and posterior margins extended anterad and posterad mesally and acute. Variation: Lamellae in lateral aspect are each subelliptical and rounded apically in individuals from the type locality Kakida-gawa, central Honshû (Fig. 2F), but more nearly parallel-sided, gradually heightened caudally, and obliquely truncate apically in those from Hokkaidô (Fig. 2I). Holotype: ³, Kakida-gawa, Shimizu-chô, Shizuoka, Honshû, Japan, 35.1031°N, 138.9028°E, alt. 13 m, 27.iv.2002, TN. Paratypes: 3³, same data as holotype; 5³, type locality, 22–23.xi.2002, NK, 2³ (pinned), type locality, 5.iv.2006, TN. Other specimens examined. HOKKAIDÔ: Nemuro: 1♀, Shibetsu-chô, Shibetsu-shitsugen, 12.viii.1996, K. Kuribayashi, 1³ 1♀, same location, 21.viii.2013, M. Nakatani; 1♀, same location, 2–3.viii.2013, M. Nakatani; 1³ 1♀, same location, 3.ix.2013, M. Nakatani. Kushiro: 1³, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Ibeshibetsu-gawa R., 6.viii.1990, NK; 1³, same location, 6.viii.1990, NK; 3³ 1♀, Shibecha-chô, Gojikkoku, Shirarutoroetoro-gawa R., 16.vii.2009, TI; 2³ 7♀, same location, 28.vii.2012, TI; 1³ 2♀, Shibecha-chô, Kayanuma, Shirarutoroetoro-gawa R., 16.vii.2009, TI; Kamikawa: 1³, Horokanai-chô, small tributary of Shumarinai-gawa R., 10.viii.1999, TI & A. Ohkawa; 1³, Horokanai-chô, small tributary of Shumarinai-gawa R., 7.vii.2007, NK. Ishikari: 1³, Chitose-shi, Bibi, Bibi-gawa R., 5–26.ix.1993, TI; 1³ 1♀, same location, 4.viii.2007, TI; 1³ 3♀, Eniwa-shi, Izari-gawa R., Eniwa-ôhashi, 11.vii.1999, TI; 1³, same location, 22.vii.1999, TI; 1³, same location, 17.vii.2015, TI; 1♀, Sapporo-shi, Hitsujigaoka, 24–31.vii.2009, K. Konishi; 1³, Sapporo-shi, Nopporo-shinrin-kôen, Osawa-guchi, 17.vi.2002, M. Sakurai. Iburi: 3³ 5♀, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, Bibi-gawa R., 29.vii.1989, NK; 5³ 1♀, same location, 17.vii.1990, NK; 1♀, same location, 16.viii.1990, NK; 4♀, same location, 18.viii.1991, TI; 2³, same location, 12.ix.1993, TI; 1³, same location, 2.viii.1998, NK; 1³, same location, 20.viii.2007, TI & A. Ohkawa; 5³ 8♀, same location, 31.vii.2009, NK; 2³, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, small stream, 1.viii.1992, NK; 1³, same location, 15.viii.1992, NK; 5³ 2♀, Tomakomai-shi, Uenae, Bibi-gawa R., 22.vii.2001, TI & A. Ohkawa; 1³, same location, 25.vii.2001, TI; 1³, same location, 29.vii.2001, TI; 1³, same location, 30.vii.2001, TI; 3³ 2♀, same location, 23.viii.2007, TI; 2³ 3♀, same location, 16.vii.2008, TI. HONSHÛ: Aomori: 1³, Nishimeya-mura, Anmon-gawa R., alt. 240 m, 16.ix.2010, TI; 1³, Takko-machi, Natsuzaka, Kumahara-gawa R., 18.viii.1996, Suzuki. Yamagata: 3³, Nishikawa-chô, Shizu, Buna-no-izumi, 11.ix.2003, TI. Shizuoka: 1♀, type locality, 11.iii.1984, reared and emerged on 7.iv.1984, TN; 3³ 1♀, same data as holotype; 1³ 1♀, type locality, 27.iv.2002, TN; 1♀, type locality, 31.viii.2002, TN; 2³ 1♀, type locality, 14.xi.2002, TN; 6³ 1♀, type locality, 22–23.xi.2002, NK. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin adjective, rivularis = of a brook or small stream) refers to the habitat of this species. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaidô, eastern Honshû). Habitat. Adults are often found beside slowly flowing streams. They are sometimes collected with M. azureus sympatrically, but the habitat preference of the new species is narrower than that of the latter.

Kuhara, Naotoshi, Nozaki, Takao, Zhang, Ao, Zhou, Xin (2023): DNA barcoding facilitates discovery and description of two new species of the Mystacides azureus Species Group (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5306 (2): 215-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3

Plectrocnemia aristovi Melnitsky & Ivanov sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Holotype. Male. SIZK K–8734. Etymology. The species is named in memory of the late Russian paleoentomologist Daniil Sergeevich Aristov. Locality and horizon. Priabonian Rovno amber, Ukraine; late Eocene. Description. Body length 3.9 mm; forewing length 4.8 mm. Head, antennae, palps, legs and thorax brown.Wings and abdomen brownish. Head with brown hairs. Antennae with long hairs and small sparkling dots probably representing the pseudoplacoid sensilla. Palps with annulated long terminal segments, basal segments of maxillary palps have short, strong chaetoid sensilla. The lateral sternal processes of the 5th abdominal segment long, wide, well sclerotized at the basal part and thin at the apex. Male genitalia. Ventral part of inferior appendages elongate; covered apically with pale hairs. Dorsal part of inferior appendages makes clavate process directed upwards and covered with hairs. Segment IX very narrow. Segment X small, with smooth posterior margin. Preanal appendages (cerci) elongate with strongly sclerotized triangular lower part; their apical parts with long thick setae, dorsal surface with hairs. Aedeagus long and wide; its apex elongate and narrowed, with a large subapical spine directed upwards and backwards. Remarks. The new species is similar to Plectrocnemia kirmikhia Melnitsky, Ivanov & Perkovsky, 2021 from Rovno amber but differs in the shape of the preanal appendages and aedeagus: the preanal appendages in the latter species oblong with small ventral pointed process, and without long apical setae; aedeagus with rounded apex bearing four thick, curved spines on the dorsal surface., Published as part of MELNITSKY, STANISLAV I. & IVANOV, VLADIMIR D., 2023, Plectrocnemia aristovi sp. nov., a new fossil species of Polycentropodidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Eocene Rovno amber, pp. 117-119 in Palaeoentomology 6 (2) on page 117, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7929068

Plectrocnemia aristovi Melnitsky & Ivanov sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Holotype. Male. SIZK K–8734. Etymology. The species is named in memory of the late Russian paleoentomologist Daniil Sergeevich Aristov. Locality and horizon. Priabonian Rovno amber, Ukraine; late Eocene. Description. Body length 3.9 mm; forewing length 4.8 mm. Head, antennae, palps, legs and thorax brown.Wings and abdomen brownish. Head with brown hairs. Antennae with long hairs and small sparkling dots probably representing the pseudoplacoid sensilla. Palps with annulated long terminal segments, basal segments of maxillary palps have short, strong chaetoid sensilla. The lateral sternal processes of the 5th abdominal segment long, wide, well sclerotized at the basal part and thin at the apex. Male genitalia. Ventral part of inferior appendages elongate; covered apically with pale hairs. Dorsal part of inferior appendages makes clavate process directed upwards and covered with hairs. Segment IX very narrow. Segment X small, with smooth posterior margin. Preanal appendages (cerci) elongate with strongly sclerotized triangular lower part; their apical parts with long thick setae, dorsal surface with hairs. Aedeagus long and wide; its apex elongate and narrowed, with a large subapical spine directed upwards and backwards. Remarks. The new species is similar to Plectrocnemia kirmikhia Melnitsky, Ivanov & Perkovsky, 2021 from Rovno amber but differs in the shape of the preanal appendages and aedeagus: the preanal appendages in the latter species oblong with small ventral pointed process, and without long apical setae; aedeagus with rounded apex bearing four thick, curved spines on the dorsal surface.

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) harakbut sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C5E984AA-0589-4DFA-A8D2-81A962318F8B Figs 1, 2B, 3B, 6 Diagnosis Xiphocentron harakbut sp. nov. is similar to X. piscicaudum Flint, 1996 and X. sclerothrix Pes et al., 2013 by the inferior appendage ornamentation and the presence of a process on the abdominal sternum V. The new species can be differentiated by: a) the shape of tergum IX, which has a very shallow mesal incision on the posterior margin, and a pair of mesolateral distinctly sclerotized lobular areas, as seen in dorsal view (Fig. 6B); b) the sternum IX posterior margin, which has a V-shaped shallow mesal incision (Fig. 6C), but rectangular in X. piscicaudum and absent in X. sclerothrix; c) the process of sternum V is narrow and elongate, with a simple and rounded apex (Fig. 3B), whereas in X. piscicaudum, the apex is broadly forked and in X. sclerothrix the process is wide and short. Etymology Named after the Harakbut people, who live mainly in the departments of Cusco and Madre de Dios, between the Madre de Dios and Inambari rivers. Harakbut is the only member of the language family of the same name, so it is considered an isolated language. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂; 19 rd km W of Cusco, Quincemil, Rio Araza tributary; 13°20′0.00″ S, 70°50′57.00″ W; elev. 874 m; 23–31 Aug. 2012; R.R. Cavichioli, J.A. Rafael, A.P.M. Santos and D.M. Takiya leg.; Malaise trap; MUSM-ENT-0320564. Paratypes PERU • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MUSM- ENT-0320565 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ 8652. Description of male BODY (Figs 2B, 3B). Forewing length 4.6–4.0 mm (n=3). Color overall brown with light brown legs, middle and foreleg with proximal ¼ of tibia pale (in alcohol) (Fig. 2B). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II=III) GENITALIA (Fig. 6A–E). Tergum IX, in lateral view, wider basally, narrower apically, about 2 × as long as high (Fig. 6A); in dorsal view, with meso-lateral lobular area distinctly sclerotized, anterior margin with deep, wide, concave incision; posterior margin rounded with shallow mesal incision (Fig. 6B). Sternum IX, in lateral view, about 1.5 × as long as high, apex truncate; anterior apodeme narrow, straight, tapering to slender flange (Fig. 6A); in ventral view, posterior margin with shallow V-shaped mesal incision (Fig. 6C). Paraproct, in lateral view, oblong, apically truncate (Fig. 6A); in dorsal view, each side fused, with sclerotized band on fusion region; wide basally, tapering apically; divided apicomesally until sclerotized band, with numerous sensillae on semi-membranous apex (Fig. 6B). Preanal appendage about 2.5× as long as tergum IX, setose; in lateral view, narrow, bent at basal ⅓, slightly enlarging apically (Fig. 6A); in dorsal view, about same width throughout length (Fig. 6B). Inferior appendage about 2× as long as tergum IX; coxopodite and harpago completely fused; basal region wide, with several short, weakly sclerotized tubercle-like spines; apical region slender, digitate; in lateral view, about 1.5× length of basal region, inner face with mesal sclerite and numerous long spines, more concentrated at midlength (Fig. 6A, E); mesal sclerite polyp-like, densely topped with long spines; in lateral view, about 4 × as long as high, spines concentrated at posterior face and directed posterad (Fig. 6A, E). Phallus tubular, very long and slender, reaching segment V; basally conical, subapically annulate, weakly sclerotized; apex enlarged (Fig. 6D). Remarks The new species is described from the South Brazilian dominion, Yungas Province, and is most similar to X. piscicaudum, known from the Pacific dominion, Venezuelan province and X. sclerothrix known from the Boreal Brazilian dominion, Guianan and Roraima provinces. In addition to the process on sternum V, these species have inferior appendage with long and dense brushlike spines, similar to some species from the Lesser Antilles (e.g., X. albolineatum Flint, 1968, X. borinquensis Flint, 1964 and X. fuscum Flint, 1968), and also very similar to the subgenus Sphagocentron from Mesoamerica.

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) yine sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B1D9C9E6-CD96-4B50-ADB8-64EE87DBB98C Figs 1, 8 Diagnosis Xiphocentron yine sp. nov. is most similar to Xiphocentron pintada Flint, 1983 and X. steffeni (Marlier, 1964) based on the shape of preanal appendage and the ornamentation of the inferior appendage. However, the new species can be differentiated by: a) the preanal and inferior appendages about ⅓ longer than in X. pintada, as seen in lateral view (Fig. 8A); and b) the inferior appendage with several long spines in the basal region (Fig. 8A, C), which are absent in X. pintada and X. steffeni. Etymology Named after the Yine people (also known as Piro), an indigenous ethnic group of Peru who have occupied the upper Ucayali River basin and the lower Urubamba River since pre-Hispanic times. The Yine are also known as the “Amazonian Phoenicians” due to their skill as navigators, traveling long distances to trade with various populations. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂; Cusco, La Convención Echarate, Pagoreni-10, Shell prospecting and development project; 11.70462° S, 72.91256° W; elev. 460 m; 29 Sept. 1997; Córdova leg.; MUSM-ENT-0320567. Description of male BODY. Forewing length 4.2 mm (n =1). Color overall pale brown (in alcohol). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II =III) Xiphocentron yene sp. nov. is described from the South Brazilian dominion, Rondônia Province, and is most similar to X. pintada, known from the same dominion, Yungas Province, and X. steffeni, known from the Parana dominion. These species have a clavate preanal appendage and a polyp-like mesal sclerite., Published as part of Vilarino, Albane, Salles, Frederico F. & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2023, Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea) from the Andean foothills: first species of Machairocentron and Xiphocentron described in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 62-80 in European Journal of Taxonomy 860 on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.860.2051, http://zenodo.org/record/7674446, {"references":["Flint O. S. Jr. 1983. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 377: 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.377","Marlier G. 1964. Sur trois trichopteres nouveaux recueillis en Amerique du Sud par le Professeur J. lllies. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 40: 1 - 15."]}

Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4241D080-8E08-4428-8F3D-8ECA3877F54C Figs 1, 2A, 3A, 4 Machairocentron morphotype C Vilarino & Holzenthal, 2020: 31, fig. 18. Diagnosis Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov. is similar to Machairocentron echinatum (Flint, 1981) by the inferior appendage having a very elongated apical region, not enlarged apically, and having a single row of setae. It can be distinguished by: a) the mesal projection of the inferior appendage has shorter spines (Fig. 4B) and b) the ventral margin of the mesal projection forms a sharp right angle in lateral view (Fig. 4A), whereas it is rounded in other species. Etymology Named after the Amahuaca, an indigenous people whose language belongs to the Pano linguistic family. The name of the Amahuaca or “ amin waka ” has been translated as “children of the capybara”, an animal that is said to be able to “sing” in the native language of this people. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂; 19 rd km W of Cusco, Quincemil, Rio Araza tributary; 13°20′10.0″ S, 70°50′57.00″ W; elev. 874 m; 23–31 Aug. 2012; R.R. Cavichioli, J.A. Rafael, A.P.M. Santos and D.M. Takiya leg.; Malaise trap; MUSM-ENT-0320559. Paratypes PERU • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; MUSM-ENT-0320560–0320561 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ 8650–8651. Description of male BODY (Figs 2A, 3A). Forewing length 3.8– 2.9 mm (n =5). Color overall dark brown with pale legs (in alcohol) (Fig. 2A). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II =III) GENITALIA (Fig. 4). Tergum IX, in lateral view, narrow (Fig. 4A); in dorsal view, anterior margin with deep, wide concave incision, U-shaped; posterior margin tapered, divided apicomesally by narrow incision about ¼ its length; apex of tergite rounded lobe (Fig. 4B). Sternum IX, in lateral view, about 1.5× as long as high; anterior apodeme short, narrow, curved ventrad; apex deltoid (Fig. 4A); in ventral view, anterior margin strongly concave; posterior margin widely concave with very small mesal lobe (Fig. 4C). Paraproct, in lateral view, oblong, apex rounded (Fig. 4A); in dorsal view, each side unfused, with two pairs of setae at mid length (Fig. 4B); wide basally, tapering apically; divided apicomesally, with numerous sensillae on apex (Fig. 4B). Preanal appendage about 3.5× as long as tergum IX, densely setose; in lateral view, wide, straight on basal ⅓, slightly curved ventrad on apical ⅓, tapering apically; in dorsal view, about same width throughout length, apex curved mesad (Fig. 4B). Inferior appendage longer than preanal appendage; bi-segmented, with dorsal and ventral incision between them (Fig. 4A– B). Coxopodite shorter than harpago, with long setae ventrally (Fig. 4A). Harpago basal region short, sclerotized; in lateral view, narrow and oblong dorsally, wide ventrally, posteroventral margin forming sharp right angle; apical region slender, digitate, more than 4× length of basal region, bearing row of setae on mesal margin from base to apex (Fig. 4A); in ventral view, with lateral and mesal projections; lateral projection rounded, covered with small spines, with anterior margin straight and lateral margin crenulate; mesal projection oblong, mesal margin forming narrow flap, which circumscribes spiny concavity, apex rounded, densely covered with small spines (Fig. 4C). Phallus tubular, very long and slender, reaching segment V; basally conical, weakly sclerotized; in dorsal view, apex slightly enlarged, with mesal incision (Fig. 4D). Remarks The new species is described from the South Brazilian dominion, Yungas Province, and is most similar to M. echinatum, known from the Pacific dominion. This group of species is particularly recognizable by the deep concavities on the anterior and posterior margins of tergum IX. Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov. corresponds to the “morphotype C” of Vilarino & Holzenthal (2020), defined on one damage specimen. Thus, more specimens were analyzed, confirming the consistency of the characters and the distinctiveness of the species.

Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4241D080-8E08-4428-8F3D-8ECA3877F54C Figs 1, 2A, 3A, 4 Machairocentron morphotype C Vilarino & Holzenthal, 2020: 31, fig. 18. Diagnosis Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov. is similar to Machairocentron echinatum (Flint, 1981) by the inferior appendage having a very elongated apical region, not enlarged apically, and having a single row of setae. It can be distinguished by: a) the mesal projection of the inferior appendage has shorter spines (Fig. 4B) and b) the ventral margin of the mesal projection forms a sharp right angle in lateral view (Fig. 4A), whereas it is rounded in other species. Etymology Named after the Amahuaca, an indigenous people whose language belongs to the Pano linguistic family. The name of the Amahuaca or “ amin waka ” has been translated as “children of the capybara”, an animal that is said to be able to “sing” in the native language of this people. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂; 19 rd km W of Cusco, Quincemil, Rio Araza tributary; 13°20′10.0″ S, 70°50′57.00″ W; elev. 874 m; 23–31 Aug. 2012; R.R. Cavichioli, J.A. Rafael, A.P.M. Santos and D.M. Takiya leg.; Malaise trap; MUSM-ENT-0320559. Paratypes PERU • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; MUSM-ENT-0320560–0320561 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ 8650–8651. Description of male BODY (Figs 2A, 3A). Forewing length 3.8– 2.9 mm (n =5). Color overall dark brown with pale legs (in alcohol) (Fig. 2A). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II =III) M. echinatum, known from the Pacific dominion. This group of species is particularly recognizable by the deep concavities on the anterior and posterior margins of tergum IX. Machairocentron amahuaca sp. nov. corresponds to the “morphotype C” of Vilarino & Holzenthal (2020), defined on one damage specimen. Thus, more specimens were analyzed, confirming the consistency of the characters and the distinctiveness of the species., Published as part of Vilarino, Albane, Salles, Frederico F. & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2023, Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea) from the Andean foothills: first species of Machairocentron and Xiphocentron described in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 62-80 in European Journal of Taxonomy 860 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.860.2051, http://zenodo.org/record/7674446, {"references":["Vilarino A. & Holzenthal R. W. 2020. Systematic revision of the caddisfly genus Machairocentron Schmid (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea: Xiphocentronidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 2020: 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X-bja 10013","Flint O. S. Jr. 1981. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVIII: the Trichoptera of the Rio Limon basin, Venezuela. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 330: 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.330"]}

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) matsigenka sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4CF69FFC-1792-49B6-B47F-3916DD05F030 Figs 1, 7 Diagnosis Xiphocentron matsigenka sp. nov. is similar to X. cuyensis Flint, 1983 and X. caenina Schmid, 1982 by the inner face ornamentation of the inferior appendage. The new species can be distinguished by: a) the preanal appendage wider and straight (narrow and bent in X. cuyensis and X. caenina), in lateral view (Fig. 7A); b) the paraproct shape apicodorsally, rounded with narrow ventral lobe (truncate in X. cuyensis and X. caenina), in lateral view (Fig. 7A); and c) the posterior margin of tergum IX with longer lobes and deeper mesal incision in dorsal view (lobes shorter with shallower incision in X. cuyensis and X. caenina) (Fig. 7B). Etymology Named after the Matsigenka, an indigenous people belonging to the Arawak linguistic family, who lives in the Amazon Basin jungle regions of southeastern Peru, east of Machu Picchu. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂; Cusco: La Convención Echarate, Cashiriari-2, Shell prospecting and development project; 11.86425° S, 72.77933° W; elev. 579 m; 6 Apr. 1997; Córdova leg.; MUSM- ENT-0320566. Description of male BODY. Forewing length 3.6 mm (n =1). Color overall pale brown (in alcohol). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II =III) GENITALIA (Fig. 7). Tergum IX, in lateral view, wider basally, narrower apically, about as long as high (Fig. 7A); in dorsal view, anterior margin concave, with U-shaped mesal incision; posterior margin with subdeltoid lobe, with rounded apex and deep narrow mesal incision (Fig. 7B). Sternum IX, in lateral view, about 2× as long as high, apex subangular; anterior apodeme narrow, straight, with slender flange along anterior margin (Fig. 7A); in ventral view, posterior margin with shallow rectangular mesal incision (Fig. 7C). Paraproct, in lateral view, oblong, apically rounded, with narrow ventral lobe (Fig. 7A); in dorsal view, each side fused, with sclerotized band on fusion region (Fig. 7B); wide basally, divided apicomesally until sclerotized band, with numerous sensillae on semi-membranous apex (Fig. 7B). Preanal appendage about 3 × as long as tergum IX, setose; in lateral view, wide, straight and enlarged at basal ⅓ (Fig. 7A); in dorsal view, about same width throughout length (Fig. 7B). Inferior appendage about 2 × as long as tergum IX, setose; coxopodite and harpago completely fused; basal region wide, with short, weakly sclerotized tubercle-like spines; apical region slender, digitate (Fig. 7A–C); in lateral view, slightly longer than basal region, inner face with stout spines, sparsely distributed at midlength, anterodorsal spines distinctly longer; mesal sclerite absent (Fig. 7A). Phallus tubular, very long and slender, reaching segment V; basally conical, subapically annulate, weakly sclerotized; apex slightly enlarged (Fig. 7D). Remarks Xiphocentron matsigenka sp. nov. is described from the South Brazilian dominion, Rondônia Province, and is most similar to X. cuyensis and X. caenina, known from the same dominion, Yungas Province. All these species have a slender flange along anterior margin of sternum IX, inferior appendage with short to medium-length stout spines, basal region spines present, and mesal sclerite absent.

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) matsigenka sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4CF69FFC-1792-49B6-B47F-3916DD05F030 Figs 1, 7 Diagnosis Xiphocentron matsigenka sp. nov. is similar to X. cuyensis Flint, 1983 and X. caenina Schmid, 1982 by the inner face ornamentation of the inferior appendage. The new species can be distinguished by: a) the preanal appendage wider and straight (narrow and bent in X. cuyensis and X. caenina), in lateral view (Fig. 7A); b) the paraproct shape apicodorsally, rounded with narrow ventral lobe (truncate in X. cuyensis and X. caenina), in lateral view (Fig. 7A); and c) the posterior margin of tergum IX with longer lobes and deeper mesal incision in dorsal view (lobes shorter with shallower incision in X. cuyensis and X. caenina) (Fig. 7B). Etymology Named after the Matsigenka, an indigenous people belonging to the Arawak linguistic family, who lives in the Amazon Basin jungle regions of southeastern Peru, east of Machu Picchu. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂; Cusco: La Convención Echarate, Cashiriari-2, Shell prospecting and development project; 11.86425° S, 72.77933° W; elev. 579 m; 6 Apr. 1997; Córdova leg.; MUSM- ENT-0320566. Description of male BODY. Forewing length 3.6 mm (n =1). Color overall pale brown (in alcohol). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II =III) Xiphocentron matsigenka sp. nov. is described from the South Brazilian dominion, Rondônia Province, and is most similar to X. cuyensis and X. caenina, known from the same dominion, Yungas Province. All these species have a slender flange along anterior margin of sternum IX, inferior appendage with short to medium-length stout spines, basal region spines present, and mesal sclerite absent., Published as part of Vilarino, Albane, Salles, Frederico F. & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2023, Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea) from the Andean foothills: first species of Machairocentron and Xiphocentron described in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 62-80 in European Journal of Taxonomy 860 on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.860.2051, http://zenodo.org/record/7674446, {"references":["Flint O. S. Jr. 1983. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 377: 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.377","Schmid F. 1982. La famille des Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia). Memoires de la Societe entomologique du Canada 121: 1 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 114121 fv"]}

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) ashaninka sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CAE28FA9-AE66-4480-A930-62838EB3F7C3 Figs 1, 5 Diagnosis Xiphocentron ashaninka sp. nov. is most similar to X. sturmi Sturm, 1960 and X. regulare Flint, 1991, based on the shape of tergum IX and the sclerotized lateral margin of the paraproct as seen in dorsal view. It can be distinguished by: a) the narrower incision at the posterior margin of tergum IX, in dorsal view (Fig. 5B) (incision wider in the other species); b) the shorter spines of the inferior appendage (Fig. 5A–C) (the other species have long spines at the mesal sclerite region); c) the narrower and longer preanal and inferior appendages, in lateral view (Fig. 5A); and d) the enlarged preanal appendage, in dorsal view (Fig. 5B). Etymology Named after the Ashaninka, a people from the Arawak linguistic family. The Ashaninka are the most populous native Amazonian group in Peru, with over 55000 people in the country identifying as Ashaninka. Material examined Holotype PERU • ♂; Cusco, La Convención Echarate, Pagoreni-8, Shell prospecting and development project; 11.70326° S, 72.90134° W; elev. 486 m; 27 May 1997; Córdova leg.; MUSM- ENT-0320562. Additional material PERU • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MUSM- ENT-0320563. Description of male BODY. Forewing length 5.2 mm (n =1).Color overall pale brown (in alcohol). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I =II =III) GENITALIA (Fig. 5). Tergum IX, in lateral view, wider basally, narrower apically, about 1.5× as long as high (Fig. 5A); in dorsal view, anterior margin with deep, wide concave incision; posterior margin with deep U-shaped mesal incision, anterior and posterior incisions almost touching each other (Fig. 5B). Sternum IX, in lateral view, about 2× as long as high, apex deltoid; anterior apodeme narrow, straight, tapering to slender flange (Fig. 5A); in ventral view, posterior margin with shallow V-shaped mesal incision (Fig. 5C). Paraproct, in lateral view, oblong, apically rounded, with small ventral lobe (Fig. 5A); in dorsal view, each side fused, with sclerotized band on fusion region and sclerotized strips coming from lateral sides (Fig. 5B); wide basally, tapering apically; divided apicomesally until sclerotized band, with numerous sensillae on semi-membranous apex (Fig. 5B). Preanal appendage about 4× as long as tergum IX, setose; in lateral view, narrow, bent at basal ⅓, wavy curved, slightly enlarging apically (Fig. 5A); in dorsal view, enlarged at midlength, narrow at apex (Fig. 5B). Inferior appendage about 3× as long as tergum IX, setose; coxopodite and harpago partially fused, with dorsal incision between them; basal region wide, without spines; apical region slender, digitate (Fig. 5A–C); in lateral view, about 2 × length of basal region; inner face with various short, tubercle-like spines, more concentrated at midlength; mesal sclerite absent (Fig. 5A). Phallus tubular, very long and slender, reaching segment V; basally conical, subapically annulate, weakly sclerotized; apex slightly enlarged (Fig. 5D). Remarks The new species is described from the South Brazilian dominion, Rondônia Province, and has a strong similarity with X. regulare and X. sturmi, known from the Pacific dominion, Cauca Province. This group of species is particularly recognizable by the deep concavities on the anterior and posterior margins of tergum IX.

Protoptila flexispina Flint 1971 Material examined. BRAZIL: Roraima: Mucajai municipality, Vila do Apiau, Second order stream, Igarapé Ipiranga, Sítio Califórnia, 2º32′5.47″N, 61º11′56.65″W, 15.xi.2017, J.L. Gama Neto, col., 1 male (UERR-RR)., Published as part of Neto, Jaime De Liege Gama & Passos, Mahedy Araujo Bastos, 2023, Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from Roraima state, northern Brazil: A new species of Itauara Müller 1888 and new distributional records for species of Protoptila Banks 1904, pp. 96-100 in Zootaxa 5244 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7645872, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1971) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XII: Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Philopotamidae and Psychomiidae from the Amazon Basin (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 3 (1), 1 - 67."]}

Protoptila ctenacantha Flint 1974 Material examined. BRAZIL: Roraima: Mucajai municipality, Vila do Apiau, Second order stream, Afluente do Igarapé Serrinha, Sítio Fia, 2º 28′45.00″N, 61º 24′52.05″W, 01.xii.2017, J.L. Gama Neto, col., 3 males (UERRRR)., Published as part of Neto, Jaime De Liege Gama & Passos, Mahedy Araujo Bastos, 2023, Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from Roraima state, northern Brazil: A new species of Itauara Müller 1888 and new distributional records for species of Protoptila Banks 1904, pp. 96-100 in Zootaxa 5244 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7645872, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1974) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV: The Trichoptera of Surinam. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 14, 1 - 151."]}

Protoptila condylifera Flint 1971 Material examined. BRAZIL: Roraima: Mucajai municipality, Vila do Apiau, Second order stream, Afluente do Igarapé Serrinha, Sítio Fia, 2º28′45.00″N, 61º24′52.05″W, 01.xii.2017, J.L.Gama Neto,col., 32males (UERR-RR)., Published as part of Neto, Jaime De Liege Gama & Passos, Mahedy Araujo Bastos, 2023, Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from Roraima state, northern Brazil: A new species of Itauara Müller 1888 and new distributional records for species of Protoptila Banks 1904, pp. 96-100 in Zootaxa 5244 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7645872, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1971) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XII: Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Philopotamidae and Psychomiidae from the Amazon Basin (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 3 (1), 1 - 67."]}

Itauara marcellina sp. nov. Figures: 1A–1C Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the Itauara amazonica Species Group of Robertson & Holzenthal (2011), as recognized by the presence of a fused inferior appendage process. Known only from the male holotype, Itauara marcellina sp. nov. can be recognized by the presence of a pair of elongate, sclerotized horn-like lateral processes along the posterior margin of tergum X. This species is similar to I. peruensis Robertson & Holzenthal 2011 by having similarly shaped ventrolateral processes of tergum X. Itauara marcellina sp. nov. can be distinguished from I. peruensis by the phallicata with membranous, rounded, lateral flanges in the new species, but without lateral flanges in I. peruensis. Description. Male (in alcohol). Body, wings, and appendages pale or tawny-brown in alcohol. Wings with conspicuous white spot at the arculus and faint transverse line along anastomosis. Forewing narrow past anastomosis, its apex acute. Forewing venation typical of the genus with forks I–III present. Hind wing margins nearly parallel, tapering only slightly past anastomosis; apical forks II, III, and V present. Tibial spurs 1,3,4; foretibial spur extremely reduced and hair-like. Sixth sternal process thumb-like, apex rounded, often associated with weak oblique apodeme posteriorly. Male genitalia. Segment IX in lateral view ventrally short, much longer at mid-height, anterior margins rounded, posterolateral margins membranous or very slightly sclerotized (Fig. 1A); sternum IX transversely narrow (Fig. 1C). Tergum X incompletely fused to tergum IX, with membrane or lightly sclerotized region ventrolaterally (Fig. 1A), subrectangular in dorsal view (Fig. 1B); posterodorsal margin with pair of elongate, sclerotized, horn-like processes, apically pointed, projecting posterad (Figs. 1A, 1B, dm. pr.); ventrolateral margins each with flange-like process with several small, irregular, seta-bearing lobes (Figs 1A, 1B, vl. pr.). Inferior appendages fused as single, broad, irregular, setose process (Fig. 1A, inf. ap.), broadest basally, fused to phallobase basoventrally (Fig. 1C, inf. ap.). Parameres present, paired, arising basoventrally from fused endotheca and phallobase, sclerotized and rod-like, slender, elongate, recurved basally, nearly straight in mid-length, slightly upturned distally, pointed apically (Figs. 1A, 1C, pmr.). Phallobase reduced, membranous (Fig. 1C, phb.), difficult to discern in lateral view. Phallicata in lateral view forming short slightly sclerotized dorsal sheath (Fig. 1A, phc.), medially with pair of membranous rounded ventrolateral flanges fused mesobasally and projecting posteroventrad (Fig. 1A, phc. pr.), with U-shaped internal sclerite (Fig. 1C, phc. pr.). Endophallus in lateral view membranous and long, sinuous apically (Fig. 1A, enph.) Female, larva, pupa, and egg. Unknown. Holotype male. BRAZIL: Roraima: Iracema municipality, Vicinal Campos Novos (Fazenda Rancho Fundo), Second order stream, 2°21′26.22”N, 61°23′38.98″W, 209 m a.s.l., 16 Mar 2018. Pennsylvania light trap, J.L. Gama Neto, col. (alcohol; MPEG). Distribution. Brazil (Roraima, type locality only). Etymology. The epithet “marcellina” is a diminutive for the Portuguese feminine noun “Marcella”, in honor of Marcella Passos Gama, daughter of the authors, affectionately nicknamed “marcellinha” (= little Marcella) by friends and family.

Itauara marcellina sp. nov. Figures: 1A–1C Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the Itauara amazonica Species Group of Robertson & Holzenthal (2011), as recognized by the presence of a fused inferior appendage process. Known only from the male holotype, Itauara marcellina sp. nov. can be recognized by the presence of a pair of elongate, sclerotized horn-like lateral processes along the posterior margin of tergum X. This species is similar to I. peruensis Robertson & Holzenthal 2011 by having similarly shaped ventrolateral processes of tergum X. Itauara marcellina sp. nov. can be distinguished from I. peruensis by the phallicata with membranous, rounded, lateral flanges in the new species, but without lateral flanges in I. peruensis. Description. Male (in alcohol). Body, wings, and appendages pale or tawny-brown in alcohol. Wings with conspicuous white spot at the arculus and faint transverse line along anastomosis. Forewing narrow past anastomosis, its apex acute. Forewing venation typical of the genus with forks I–III present. Hind wing margins nearly parallel, tapering only slightly past anastomosis; apical forks II, III, and V present. Tibial spurs 1,3,4; foretibial spur extremely reduced and hair-like. Sixth sternal process thumb-like, apex rounded, often associated with weak oblique apodeme posteriorly. Male genitalia. Segment IX in lateral view ventrally short, much longer at mid-height, anterior margins rounded, posterolateral margins membranous or very slightly sclerotized (Fig. 1A); sternum IX transversely narrow (Fig. 1C). Tergum X incompletely fused to tergum IX, with membrane or lightly sclerotized region ventrolaterally (Fig. 1A), subrectangular in dorsal view (Fig. 1B); posterodorsal margin with pair of elongate, sclerotized, horn-like processes, apically pointed, projecting posterad (Figs. 1A, 1B, dm. pr.); ventrolateral margins each with flange-like process with several small, irregular, seta-bearing lobes (Figs 1A, 1B, vl. pr.). Inferior appendages fused as single, broad, irregular, setose process (Fig. 1A, inf. ap.), broadest basally, fused to phallobase basoventrally (Fig. 1C, inf. ap.). Parameres present, paired, arising basoventrally from fused endotheca and phallobase, sclerotized and rod-like, slender, elongate, recurved basally, nearly straight in mid-length, slightly upturned distally, pointed apically (Figs. 1A, 1C, pmr.). Phallobase reduced, membranous (Fig. 1C, phb.), difficult to discern in lateral view. Phallicata in lateral view forming short slightly sclerotized dorsal sheath (Fig. 1A, phc.), medially with pair of membranous rounded ventrolateral flanges fused mesobasally and projecting posteroventrad (Fig. 1A, phc. pr.), with U-shaped internal sclerite (Fig. 1C, phc. pr.). Endophallus in lateral view membranous and long, sinuous apically (Fig. 1A, enph.) Female, larva, pupa, and egg. Unknown. Holotype male. BRAZIL: Roraima: Iracema municipality, Vicinal Campos Novos (Fazenda Rancho Fundo), Second order stream, 2°21′26.22”N, 61°23′38.98″W, 209 m a.s.l., 16 Mar 2018. Pennsylvania light trap, J.L. Gama Neto, col. (alcohol; MPEG). Distribution. Brazil (Roraima, type locality only). Etymology. The epithet “marcellina” is a diminutive for the Portuguese feminine noun “Marcella”, in honor of Marcella Passos Gama, daughter of the authors, affectionately nicknamed “marcellinha” (= little Marcella) by friends and family., Published as part of Neto, Jaime De Liege Gama & Passos, Mahedy Araujo Bastos, 2023, Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from Roraima state, northern Brazil: A new species of Itauara Müller 1888 and new distributional records for species of Protoptila Banks 1904, pp. 96-100 in Zootaxa 5244 (1) on pages 97-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7645872, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Holzenthal, R. W. (2011) Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Itauara M ¸ ller, 1888 (Trichoptera, Glossosomatidae). ZooKeys, 114, 41 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 114.1405"]}

Hydroptila nagahama Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 11H–11N, 12C–12H) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles that of Hydroptila ishiura sp. nov. in having a narrow transverse tergal bridge of segment IX and an almost straight phallic apparatus, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by the forms of inferior appendages and absence of a subgenital plate or lateral processes: The inferior appendages are narrowly triangular in H. ishiura (Figs 6B, 6D), but the inferior appendages are each subquadrate with a strongly sclerotized, large claw and three stout spines on its caudodorsal margin in this species (Figs 11I, 11K). Adult (Figs 11H–11N, 12E). Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII same as for H. ishiura. Forewings each 2.0 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8 mm in male (n = 2); forewings each 2.0 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–1.9 mm in female (n = 2). Antennae each 28-segmented, length 1.1 mm in male (n = 2); each 25-segmented, length 0.9–1.0 mm in female (n = 2). Male genitalia (Figs 11H–11L). Segment IX (IX) annular, rather long, about 2.2 times longer than height, transverse tergal bridge narrow, on midline about 1/6 as long as segment, with transverse dark and setose plate (dsp IX) not projecting and with deep and wide circular excisions at anterior margins dorsally and ventrally. Dorsal plate (dp) semi-membranous, trapezoidal with mesal concavity at caudal margin in dorsal view; thick and triangular with subacute apex, longer than inferior appendages and curved ventrad in lateral view. Inferior appendages (ia) subquadrate with strongly sclerotized, large claw ventromesally, thick spine caudoventrally, and three thick spines caudodorsally. Phallic apparatus long, almost straight, anterior end extending from middle of segment VI when retracted, without titillator. Lateral processes and subgenital plate absent. Female genitalia (Figs 11M, 11N). Segment VIII relatively short, with no distinct tergite or sternite: 2–3 pairs of marginal setae on each of dorsum and venter, pair of transverse bands near ventral margin; ventral margin slightly projecting caudad at middle. Vaginal apparatus depressed, thin in lateral view, elongate-oval in ventral view. Final instar larva and case (Figs 12G, 12H). The final instar larva and case of this species are very similar to those of H. ishiura, H. ogasawaraensis, and H. hahajima, and could not be discriminated from those of the latter three species. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Haha-jima: Nagahama (N26.6736, E142.1502, 130 m above sea level), 12.iv.2022, TI & TS, L (CBM-ZI 0184766). Paratypes. 1 male, 2 females, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184767–0184769). Other specimens. Haha-jima: 8 females, 4 pupae (1 male, 3 females), 81 larvae, type locality, 28.ii.2020, TI et al., L & H; 1 male, type locality, 21.xii.2021, TS & Y. Kaga, L; 1 larva, Iguma-dani, 29.ii.2020, TI et al., H (Table 1). Distribution (Fig. 1D). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Haha-jima). Habitat (Figs 12C, 12D, 12F). Larvae and pupae were found on surfaces of hard rocks and in small concavities of hygropetric habitat in small mountain streams, respectively. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the name of the type locality. Japanese name. Nagahama-hime-tobikera.

Hydroptila hahajima Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 11A–11G, 12A, 12B) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles that of Hydroptila ishiura sp. nov. in having a narrow transverse tergal bridge of segment IX, semi-membranous lateral processes, and a subtriangular subgenital plate, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by the forms of inferior appendages: The inferior appendages are narrowly triangular without any basoventral hooks in H. ishiura (Figs 6B, 6D), but the inferior appendages are subquadrate, each with a short, curled, basoventral hook in this species (Fig. 11D) Adult (Figs 11A–11G). Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII same as for H. ishiura. Forewings each 2.0 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8 mm in male (n = 1); forewings each 2.1–2.2 mm in length and hind wings each 1.9–2.0 mm in female (n = 2). Antennae each 29-segmented, length 1.2 mm in male (n = 1); each 24–25-segmented, length 0.8–1.0 mm in female (n = 2). Male genitalia (Figs 11A–11E). Segment IX (IX) annular, rather long, transverse tergal bridge narrow, together with subrectangular dorsal setose plate of segment IX (dsp IX) about 1/4 as long as segment, with deep and wide subquadrate excision at anterior margin dorsally and subtriangular excision anteroventrally. Dorsal plate (dp) semimembranous, subtriangular in dorsal view. Lateral processes (lp) semi-membranous, thick, subquadrate in lateral and ventral views. Subgenital plate (sp) thin, triangular, curved ventrad apically, slightly longer than inferior appendages (ia) in lateral and ventral views. Inferior appendages broad in basal 2/3, abruptly narrowed in apical 1/3, with pair of small, curled hooks (ch) basoventrally curved caudad and laterad apically in ventral view. Phallic apparatus (pa) long, almost straight, anterior end extending from anterior margin of segment V when retracted, without titillator. Female genitalia (Figs 11F, 11G). Segment VIII relatively short, with no distinct tergite or sternite: 2–3 pairs of marginal setae on each of dorsum and venter, pair of transverse bands near ventral margin; ventral margin slightly projecting caudad at middle. Vaginal apparatus depressed, thin in lateral view, elongate-oval in ventral view. Final instar larva and case (Fig. 12B). The final instar larva and case are very similar to those of H. ishiura and H. ogasawaraensis, and could not be discriminated from those of the latter two species. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Haha-jima: Uch ̊-zawa (N26.6526, E142.1508, 35 m above sea level), 12–13.iv.2022, TI & TS, L (CBM-ZI 0184763). Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184764–0184765). Other specimens. Haha-jima: 1 female, same data as holotype; 3 prepupae, 9 larvae, type locality, 1.iii.2020, TI et al., H; 1 larva, Iguma-dani, 29.ii.2020, TI et al., H (Table 1). Distribution (Fig. 1D). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Haha-jima). Habitat (Fig. 12A). Larvae of this species were found in hygropetric habitat of small mountain streams. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the name of the type locality. Japanese name. Hahajima-hime-tobikera.

Hydroptila hahajima Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 11A–11G, 12A, 12B) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles that of Hydroptila ishiura sp. nov. in having a narrow transverse tergal bridge of segment IX, semi-membranous lateral processes, and a subtriangular subgenital plate, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by the forms of inferior appendages: The inferior appendages are narrowly triangular without any basoventral hooks in H. ishiura (Figs 6B, 6D), but the inferior appendages are subquadrate, each with a short, curled, basoventral hook in this species (Fig. 11D) Adult (Figs 11A–11G). Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII same as for H. ishiura. Forewings each 2.0 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8 mm in male (n = 1); forewings each 2.1–2.2 mm in length and hind wings each 1.9–2.0 mm in female (n = 2). Antennae each 29-segmented, length 1.2 mm in male (n = 1); each 24–25-segmented, length 0.8–1.0 mm in female (n = 2). Male genitalia (Figs 11A–11E). Segment IX (IX) annular, rather long, transverse tergal bridge narrow, together with subrectangular dorsal setose plate of segment IX (dsp IX) about 1/4 as long as segment, with deep and wide subquadrate excision at anterior margin dorsally and subtriangular excision anteroventrally. Dorsal plate (dp) semimembranous, subtriangular in dorsal view. Lateral processes (lp) semi-membranous, thick, subquadrate in lateral and ventral views. Subgenital plate (sp) thin, triangular, curved ventrad apically, slightly longer than inferior appendages (ia) in lateral and ventral views. Inferior appendages broad in basal 2/3, abruptly narrowed in apical 1/3, with pair of small, curled hooks (ch) basoventrally curved caudad and laterad apically in ventral view. Phallic apparatus (pa) long, almost straight, anterior end extending from anterior margin of segment V when retracted, without titillator. Female genitalia (Figs 11F, 11G). Segment VIII relatively short, with no distinct tergite or sternite: 2–3 pairs of marginal setae on each of dorsum and venter, pair of transverse bands near ventral margin; ventral margin slightly projecting caudad at middle. Vaginal apparatus depressed, thin in lateral view, elongate-oval in ventral view. Final instar larva and case (Fig. 12B). The final instar larva and case are very similar to those of H. ishiura and H. ogasawaraensis, and could not be discriminated from those of the latter two species. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Haha-jima: Uch ̊-zawa (N26.6526, E142.1508, 35 m above sea level), 12–13.iv.2022, TI & TS, L (CBM-ZI 0184763). Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184764–0184765). Other specimens. Haha-jima: 1 female, same data as holotype; 3 prepupae, 9 larvae, type locality, 1.iii.2020, TI et al., H; 1 larva, Iguma-dani, 29.ii.2020, TI et al., H (Table 1). Distribution (Fig. 1D). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Haha-jima). Habitat (Fig. 12A). Larvae of this species were found in hygropetric habitat of small mountain streams. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the name of the type locality. Japanese name. Hahajima-hime-tobikera., Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Sasaki, Tetsuro, Takahashi, Chicaco, Sugawara, Hirotaka & Hayashi, Fumio, 2023, The family Hydroptilidae Curtis (Trichoptera) in the Ogasawara Islands, northwestern Pacific, with particular reference to adaptive radiation in the oceanic islands, pp. 141-164 in Zootaxa 5231 (2) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7576775

Hydroptila demersa Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 3–5) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles to that of H. ogasawaraensis described from Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, in having a narrow transverse tergal bridge of segment IX, a subtriangular subgenital plate, and an almoststraight phallic apparatus with short titillator, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by the form of the inferior appendages: Inferior appendages are without any processes in H. ogasawaraensis (Figs 9B, 9D), but each has a dorsolateral hump in this species (Figs 3E, 3G). The larva of this species is distinct from those of other congeneric species by the rather oblong and depressed form of the head capsule. Adult male (Fig. 3). Head: Postoccipital warts large, ellipsoidal, ocelli absent. Maxillary palps each 5- segmented, labial palps each 3-segemented. Mesoscutellum flabellate and without transverse suture. Metascutellum wide, subtriangular. Wings black to dark brown, some light brown patterning in forewings, but often indistinct in alcohol specimens; light brown dots absent in hind wings; forewings each 1.9–2.1 mm in length and hind wings each 1.7–1.9 mm (n = 5). Antennae each 27–29-segmented, length 1.0– 1.1 mm (n = 5); brown with three white bands at antero-middle, postero-middle and apices. Tibial spur formula 0, 2, 4. Pair of anterolateral processes of sternite V each with 2 apical setae, one long and one short. Short, subacute, posteroventral process on sternite VII. Male genitalia (Figs 3D–3H). Segment IX (IX) annular, dorsally with deep and wide circular excision at anterior margin and with shallow and wide excision at posterior margin, resulting transverse tergal bridge narrow, 1/4 as long on midline as segment in dorsal view; no dark and setose plate evident. Dorsal plate (dp) subquadrate in dorsal view with small posteromesal concavity, semi-membranous. Subgenital plate (sp) slightly sclerotized, gradually tapered, directed caudoventrad basally, then curved caudad at apical 1/4 with acute apex in lateral view, blunt in ventral view. Inferior appendages (ia) thick; directed caudoventrad at basal 2/3 and caudodorsad at apical 1/3; each with dorsolateral hump (dh) at middle, acute apically, covered with fine setae and spines. Phallic apparatus (pa) long, almost straight, extending from anterior 1/3 of segment VI when retracted, with short titillator at mid-length. Female. Unknown. Immature stages. Final instar larva (Fig. 4). Body somewhat compressed laterally, length up to 2.5 mm, sclerotized parts light brown, membranes milky white. Head (Figs 4A–4D). Depressed dorsoventrally, subrectangular with almost parallel sides in dorsal view, width up to 0.55 mm; width: length: height = about 1.00: 1.85: 0.70. Dorsal ecdysial lines indistinct, longest setae (setae no. 9, sensu Wiggins 1996) about twice as long as width of head, seta no. 8 (sensu Wiggins 1996) also long, about 1.5 times as long as width of head. Antennae situated near anterolateral corners of head capsule, each unsegmented with short sensilla apically and seta subapically. Small spines (sensu Wells 1985, 1997) absent on dorsum. Thorax (Figs 4A, 4B, 4E). Dorsum of each segment covered with pair of large square sclerotized plates; these plates light brown, with slightly darkened posterior margins; each plate with about 20 setae on pronotum, about 15 setae on each plate of meso- and metanota. Thoracic legs essentially similar in structure and subequal in three legs; foretibiae each with spur having two spines, spines with few fine teeth, spatulate spines indistinct. Foretrochantins and pleura of meso- and metathoraces subrectangular, pleural sutures indistinct. Abdomen (Figs 4A, 4F, 4G). Somewhat compressed laterally, slightly taller at segments III–VI. Tracheal gills, humps, lateral fringes, and lateral tubercles absent. Small, transversely oval chloride epithelia dorsally present on segments I–VI. Paired long sa 1 setae, two short sa 2 setae, and single long sa 3 seta directed laterad on each of segments I –VIII. Tergite IX transversely ellipsoidal with two pairs of long setae and two pairs of short setae. Lateral sclerites of segment X round with one pair of long and two pairs of short setae. Anal claws directed anterolaterad, each with two short and wide accessory hooks. Three anal gills slender, one on middle of dorsum of segment IX behind tergite, pair on posterolateral margins of segment X. Case (Figs 5A, 5B). Case of final instar larva up to 2.9 mm, composed of elongate-ellipsoidal right and left valves, very slightly compressed laterally, made of mineral particles with rather rough surface, never of organic materials. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Chichi-jima: Ishiura-kita River, upper reach (N27.0756, E142.2221, 230 m above sea level), 26.ii.2020, TI, TS & CT (TI et al.), S (CBM-ZI 0184755). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184756–0184757). Other specimens. Chichi-jima: 2 males, 2 pupae, 2 larvae, same data as holotype; 1 male, 4 pupae, 4 larvae, type locality, 12–13.iv.2019, TI et al., S & H; 1 larva, Hatsuneura-gawa, 7.iv.2009, G. Yoshinari; 1 pupa, 1 prepupa, same locality, 15.iv.2019, TI et al., H; 2 males, 2 pupae, Fukiage-dani, 14.iv.2019, TI & TS, S & H; 3 males, 1 pupa, 2 larvae, same locality, 2.iii.2020, TI & CT, S & H. Ani-jima: 10 males, Takinoura-gawa, 3.iii.2020, TI et al., S. Remarks and habitat (Figs 5C, 5D). The larva of this species is very distinct in having a rather depressed, oblong head with rather long setae (no. 8) ventrally. As far as we know, such a head has not been known in any congeneric species in North America (Ross 1944; Wiggins 1996), Australia (Wells 1985, 1997), Europe (Wallace et al. 2003; Waringer & Graf 2011), Angola (Wells & de Moor 2020), or Japan (Ito 2021). In caddisflies, the depressed form of the larval head is known for four rhyacophilid species that burrow into sandy stream beds (Taira & Tanida 2011, 2013) and in a philopotamid species inhabiting the hyporheic zone (Torii et al. 2022). Therefore, depressed larval heads, and probably also long setae on the ventral side of the head capsule of H. demersa might be an adaptive form for their microhabitat, the underside or interstices of stony or sandy substrates in shallow water flowing in narrow, steep, mountain streams, up to 5 cm depth and 100 cm width. Absence of small spines on the dorsum of the head is also exceptional, since they are numerous and scattered in many species of Hydroptila larvae (Wells 1985; Ito 2021). The cases of this species, very slightly compressed with rough surfaces, are different from those of other congeneric species (Ross 1944; Wells 1985; Wiggins 1996; Wallace et al. 2003; Waringer & Graf 2011; Ito 2021). This species was sometimes collected with H. ishiura sp. nov. in the same streams, but in fewer numbers than the latter. Distribution (Figs 1B, 1C). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Chichi-jima, Ani-jima). Etymology. The species epithet (a Latin adjective) refers to the depressed form of the larval head. Japanese name. Muguri-hime-tobikera.

Hydroptila ishiura Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 6–8) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles to that of Hydroptila demersa in having a narrowly transverse tergal bridge of segment IX, a subtriangular subgenital plate, and an almost-straight phallic apparatus with a short titillator, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by presence of lateral processes and the form of the inferior appendages; a pair of lateral processes is absent and inferior appendages are curved dorsad apically in H. demersa (Figs 3E, 3G), but lateral processes are present and inferior appendages are curved ventrad apically in this species (Figs 6B, 6C). Also, the male has a dark and setose plate that is subtriangular on the apicodorsal margin of segment IX; this plate is absent in H. demersa. Adult (Figs 6, 8A). Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII as for H. demersa. Forewings each 2.0– 2.1 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–2.0 mm in male (n = 5); forewings each 2.1–2.2 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–1.9 mm in female (n = 3). Antennae each 27–29-segmented, length1.0– 1.2 mm in male (n = 5); each 24–27-segmented, length 0.9–1.0 mm in female (n = 3). Male genitalia (Figs 6A–6E). Segment IX (IX) annular, transverse tergal bridge narrow, its dorsal midline 1/5 as long as segment; with deep and wide circular excision at anterior margin ventrally and dorsally, especially deep dorsally; dark and setose plate (dsp IX) well-sclerotized, subtriangular, covered with very fine setae at posterodorsal margin. Dorsal plate (dp) semi-membranous, blunt or round apically in dorsal and lateral views. Pair of lateral processes (lp) weakly sclerotized, wrapping around dorsal plate in dorsal view. Subgenital plate (sp) slightly sclerotized, gradually tapered, directed caudad, with small ventral hump at apical 1/3, subacute apically in lateral view. Inferior appendages (ia) thick; directed caudad at basal 2/3 and caudoventrad at apical 1/3, acute apically. Phallic apparatus long, almost straight, anterior end extending from almost anterior margin of segment VII when retracted, with short titillator near 3/5 length. Female genitalia (Figs 6F, 6G). Segment VIII relatively short, with no distinct tergite or sternite: 2 or 3 pairs of marginal setae on each of dorsum and venter, pair of fine transverse bands near bases of ventral marginal setae; ventral margin distinctly projected caudad at middle in ventral view. Vaginal apparatus depressed, oval in ventral view. Immature stages. Final instar larva (Fig. 7). Body somewhat depressed dorsoventrally, length up to 2.5 mm, sclerotized parts black to dark brown, membranes milky white. Head (Figs 7A–7D). Oval in dorsal view, width up to 0.44 mm; width: length: height = about 1.00: 1.20: 0.80. Dorsal ecdysial lines indistinct, longest seta (seta no. 9, sensu Wiggins 1996) about 1.1 times as long as width of head, seta no. 8 (sensu Wiggins 1996) about 0.5 times as long as width of head. Antennae situated near anterolateral corners of head capsule, each unsegmented with short round sensilla apically and long seta subapically. Small spines (sensu Wells 1985) absent on dorsum. Thorax (Figs 7A, 7B, 7E). Dorsum of each segment covered with pair of large, square, dark brown sclerotized plates; each plate with 25–30 setae on pronotum, about 15 setae on each of meso- and metanota. Thoracic legs essentially similar in structure and subequal in three legs; foretibiae each with spur having two spines, spines with few fine teeth, spatulate spines small. Foretrochantins and pleura of meso- and metathoraces rectangular, pleural sutures indistinct. Abdomen (Figs 7A, 7B, 7F, 7G). Somewhat depressed dorsoventrally, slightly broader at segments III–VI. Tracheal gills, humps, lateral fringes, and lateral tubercles absent. Segment I with two short, transversely wide dorsal sclerites arranged in succession (presumably associated with chloride epithelium or setal areas sa 1 and sa2, Wiggins 1996), with one pair and two pairs of setae, respectively, and pair of small basal sclerites at setal area sa 3 (sensu Wiggins 1996), each with two setae. Segments II–VI with transverse-oval chloride epithelia and pair of setae at sa 1. On segments II–IV, basal sclerites of sa 2 larger than those of posterior segments. Tergite IX ellipsoidal with one pair of long and two pairs of short setae. Lateral sclerites of segment X round, each with one pair of long and one pair of short setae. Anal claws directed anterolaterad, each with two accessory hooks dorsally. Three anal gills slender, one on middle of dorsum of segment IX behind tergite, pair on posterolateral margins of segment X. Variation (Figs 7B, 7F). Dorsal sclerites of abdominal segment I variable individually, anterior sclerite sometimes with middle excision, separated into two round sclerites, or fused to posterior one. Case (Figs 8B–8D). Case of final instar larva up to 2.8 mm, compressed laterally, composed of elongateellipsoidal right and left valves, made of fine mineral particles by larvae mainly found in stony bottom, or of organic materials by larvae found in hygropetric habitat. Organic cases made of diatoms only (Terpsinoe muninensis Tsuji 2018, species endemic to Ogasawara Islands), pieces of bryophyte only, or mixture of diatoms and pieces of bryophyte. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Chichi-jima: Ishiura-kita (N27.0762, E142.2227, 220 m above sea level), 13.iv.2019, TI et al., S (CBM-ZI 0184758). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184759–0184760). Other specimens. Chichi-jima: 1 male, 3 pupae, 3 larvae, same data as holotype; 2 males, 2 females, type locality, 12–13.iv.2019, TI et al., S & H; 1 male, 4 pupae, Fukiage-dani, 14.iv.2019, TI &TS, S & H; 50 males, 5 females, 6 pupae, 8 prepupae, 10 larvae, same locality, 2.iii.2020, TI & CT, S & H; 2 males, 2 pupae, 3 larvae, Hatsuneura, 15.iv.2019, TI et al . Ani-jima: 6 males, 3 females, Takinoura-gawa, 3.iii.2020, TI et al., S. Remarks. The larva of this species is distinctive in having short wide dorsal sclerites of abdominal segment I. As far as we know, such dorsal sclerites of the segments have not been found in any congeneric species in North America (Ross 1944; Wiggins 1996), Australia (Wells 1985), Europe (Wallace et al. 2003; Waringer & Graf 2011), Angola (Wells & de Moor 2020), or Japan (Ito 2021). Absence of small spines on the dorsum of the head is also exceptional, since they are numerous and scattered in many species of Hydroptila larvae (Wells 1985; Ito 2021). Distribution (Figs 1B, 1C). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Chichi-jima, Ani-jima). Habitat (Figs 8D–8F). Larvae of this species were found on both hygropetric habitat and stony bottoms in shallow water flows of small mountain streams. Sclerotized parts of larvae living on stony bottoms tend to be black and those in hygropetric habitat are a somewhat lighter color, dark brown. This species was often collected with H. demersa, but was more abundant than the latter. Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective referring to the name of the type locality. Japanese name. Ishiura-hime-tobikera., Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Sasaki, Tetsuro, Takahashi, Chicaco, Sugawara, Hirotaka & Hayashi, Fumio, 2023, The family Hydroptilidae Curtis (Trichoptera) in the Ogasawara Islands, northwestern Pacific, with particular reference to adaptive radiation in the oceanic islands, pp. 141-164 in Zootaxa 5231 (2) on pages 150-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7576775, {"references":["Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera), Second Edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3138 / 9781442623606","Wells, A. (1985) Larvae and Pupae of Australian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera), with Observations on General Biology and Relationships. Australian Journal of Zoology, Melbourne, Supplementary Series, 113, 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 113","Tsuji, A. (2018) A new freshwater diatom, Terpsinoe muninensis sp. nov., from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 52, 5 - 15.","Ross, H. H. (1944) The caddisflies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 23, 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 23.199","Wallace, I. D., Wallace, B. & Philipson, G. N. (2003) Key to the case-bearing caddis larvae of Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association, Scientific Publication 61. Freshwater Biological Association, Liverpool, 259 pp.","Waringer, J. & Graf, W. (2011) Atlas of Central European Trichoptera Larvae. Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherbe, 468 pp.","Wells, A. & de Moor, E. C. (2020) Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Angola, a new genus, seven new species, and five new records. Zootaxa, 4868 (4), 495 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4868.4.2","Ito, T. (2021) Descriptions of final instar larvae of six species of the genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4905 (3), 339 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.3"]}

Hydroptila tokoyo Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 9H–9K, 10E) Diagnosis. The male of this species is similar to that of H. ogasawaraensis, but is distinguished from the latter by the length of the phallic apparatus, the presence of lateral plates of segment X, and the shape of inferior appendages; the anterior end of the phallic apparatus extends from abdominal segment VII when retracted, the lateral plates are absent, and the inferior appendages are without lateral humps in H. ogasawaraensis (Figs 9A–9D); the phallic apparatus extends from abdominal segment III when retracted, a pair of lateral plates is present, and each inferior appendage has a lateral hump in H. tokoyo (Figs 9H–9L). Male. Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII are as for H. demersa. Forewings each 2.0– 2.1 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–2.0 mm (n = 2). Antennae each 27–29-segmented, length 1.0– 1.2 mm long (n = 2). Male genitalia (Figs 9H–9L). Segment IX (IX) annular, its transverse tergal bridge narrow, its midline 1/3 as long as segment; with deep subquadrate margin dorsally; small, sclerotized, subrectangular, dark and setose plate (dsp IX) at posterodorsal margin, covered with very fine setae; deep and broad subtriangular excision on anterior margin ventrally. Dorsal plate (dp) semi-membranous, blunt apically in dorsal view, subtriangular in lateral view. Lateral plates (lp) subtriangular in lateral view, apically directed caudoventrad. Subgenital plate (sp) slightly sclerotized, gradually tapered, directed caudoventrad, with very small hook subapicoventrally. Inferior appendages (ia) thick, directed caudad, each with irregularly shaped lateral hump (lh) at basal 2/5 and hooked caudodorsad apically. Phallic apparatus very long, almost straight, anterior end extending from middle of segment III when retracted, with slender titillator at 4/5 length. Female, larva and case. Unknown. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Chichi-jima: Tokoyo-gawa,Tokoyo-no-taki Waterfall (N27.0574, E142.2058, 30 m above sea level), 2.iii.2020, TI & CT, S (CBM-ZI 0184761). Paratypes. 1 male, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184762). Other specimens. Chichi-jima: 1 male, same data as holotype; 1 male, type locality, 16.iv.2019, TI & CT, S; 1 pupa (male), a tributary of Tokoyo-gawa, upper reach, 19.iv.2022, TI & TS, H. Distribution (Fig. 1C). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Chichi-jima). Habitat and remarks (Figs 10E, 10F). The males were collected from Tokoyo-no-taki Waterfall, covered with bryophytes and algae (Fig. 10E). Many Hydroptila larvae were there (Fig. 10F), but they couldn’t be identified at species level morphologically, since two species (H. tokoyo and H. ogasawaraensis) have been detected there by both morphological examination of males and DNA analyses of larvae. Japanese name. Tokoyo-hime-tobikera., Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Sasaki, Tetsuro, Takahashi, Chicaco, Sugawara, Hirotaka & Hayashi, Fumio, 2023, The family Hydroptilidae Curtis (Trichoptera) in the Ogasawara Islands, northwestern Pacific, with particular reference to adaptive radiation in the oceanic islands, pp. 141-164 in Zootaxa 5231 (2) on pages 154-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7576775, {"references":["Ito, T., Ohkawa, A. & Hattori, T. (2011) The genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 2801, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2801.1.1"]}

Hydroptila nagahama Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 11H–11N, 12C–12H) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles that of Hydroptila ishiura sp. nov. in having a narrow transverse tergal bridge of segment IX and an almost straight phallic apparatus, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by the forms of inferior appendages and absence of a subgenital plate or lateral processes: The inferior appendages are narrowly triangular in H. ishiura (Figs 6B, 6D), but the inferior appendages are each subquadrate with a strongly sclerotized, large claw and three stout spines on its caudodorsal margin in this species (Figs 11I, 11K). Adult (Figs 11H–11N, 12E). Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII same as for H. ishiura. Forewings each 2.0 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8 mm in male (n = 2); forewings each 2.0 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–1.9 mm in female (n = 2). Antennae each 28-segmented, length 1.1 mm in male (n = 2); each 25-segmented, length 0.9–1.0 mm in female (n = 2). Male genitalia (Figs 11H–11L). Segment IX (IX) annular, rather long, about 2.2 times longer than height, transverse tergal bridge narrow, on midline about 1/6 as long as segment, with transverse dark and setose plate (dsp IX) not projecting and with deep and wide circular excisions at anterior margins dorsally and ventrally. Dorsal plate (dp) semi-membranous, trapezoidal with mesal concavity at caudal margin in dorsal view; thick and triangular with subacute apex, longer than inferior appendages and curved ventrad in lateral view. Inferior appendages (ia) subquadrate with strongly sclerotized, large claw ventromesally, thick spine caudoventrally, and three thick spines caudodorsally. Phallic apparatus long, almost straight, anterior end extending from middle of segment VI when retracted, without titillator. Lateral processes and subgenital plate absent. Female genitalia (Figs 11M, 11N). Segment VIII relatively short, with no distinct tergite or sternite: 2–3 pairs of marginal setae on each of dorsum and venter, pair of transverse bands near ventral margin; ventral margin slightly projecting caudad at middle. Vaginal apparatus depressed, thin in lateral view, elongate-oval in ventral view. Final instar larva and case (Figs 12G, 12H). The final instar larva and case of this species are very similar to those of H. ishiura, H. ogasawaraensis, and H. hahajima, and could not be discriminated from those of the latter three species. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Haha-jima: Nagahama (N26.6736, E142.1502, 130 m above sea level), 12.iv.2022, TI & TS, L (CBM-ZI 0184766). Paratypes. 1 male, 2 females, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184767–0184769). Other specimens. Haha-jima: 8 females, 4 pupae (1 male, 3 females), 81 larvae, type locality, 28.ii.2020, TI et al., L & H; 1 male, type locality, 21.xii.2021, TS & Y. Kaga, L; 1 larva, Iguma-dani, 29.ii.2020, TI et al., H (Table 1). Distribution (Fig. 1D). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Haha-jima). Habitat (Figs 12C, 12D, 12F). Larvae and pupae were found on surfaces of hard rocks and in small concavities of hygropetric habitat in small mountain streams, respectively. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the name of the type locality. Japanese name. Nagahama-hime-tobikera., Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Sasaki, Tetsuro, Takahashi, Chicaco, Sugawara, Hirotaka & Hayashi, Fumio, 2023, The family Hydroptilidae Curtis (Trichoptera) in the Ogasawara Islands, northwestern Pacific, with particular reference to adaptive radiation in the oceanic islands, pp. 141-164 in Zootaxa 5231 (2) on pages 157-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7576775

Hydroptila ogasawaraensis Species Group Ito Diagnosis. Males of this species-group are somewhat similar to those of the H. pulchricornis Species Group of Marshall (1979), a small Palearctic group, in having a short, subacute apicoventral process on abdominal sternite VII, relatively short and annular segment IX with a narrow (longitudinally short) dorsal bridge, and an almost straight and fine phallic apparatus, but they can be discriminated from the later by the length of the inferior appendages: The relative length of the appendages to segment IX is more than 1.0 in the H. pulchricornis Species Group (Marshall 1979; Ito et al. 2011), but 0.5–0.8 in this new H. ogasawaraensis Species Group. Final instar larvae of the H. ogasawaraensis Species Group are also similar to those of the H. pulchricornis Species Group, but differ from the later by the presence of dorsal chloride epithelia on abdominal segments I–VI or a depressed oblong head capsule; in contrast, the described larvae of the H. pulchricornis Species Group species have the chloride epithelia on segments II–VI and a roundish head capsule and include H. phenianica Botosaneanu 1970, H. dampfi Ulmer 1929, and H. oguranis Kobayashi 1974 (Ito 2021). Male: Pair of anterolateral processes of sternite V each with two setae, one long and one short; sternite VII with short, subacute, ventral process; segment IX short, annular with narrowly transverse dorsal bridge; phallic apparatus almost straight; and inferior appendages moderately short. Final instar larva: Small dorsal sclerites or small dorsal chloride epithelia on abdominal segments I–VI or with depressed, oblong head capsule. Species belonging to the Group: Hydroptila ogasawaraensis, H. demersa sp. nov., H. ishiura sp. nov., H. tokoyo sp. nov., H. hahajima sp. nov., and H. nagahama sp. nov. All species are endemic to the Ogasawara Islands. Remarks: Larval morphology differs greatly between H. demersa and the other five species, but the molecular phylogeny suggests that they all belong to the same species group (Fig. 2). Japanese name: Ogasawara-himetobikera-shugun., Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Sasaki, Tetsuro, Takahashi, Chicaco, Sugawara, Hirotaka & Hayashi, Fumio, 2023, The family Hydroptilidae Curtis (Trichoptera) in the Ogasawara Islands, northwestern Pacific, with particular reference to adaptive radiation in the oceanic islands, pp. 141-164 in Zootaxa 5231 (2) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7576775, {"references":["Marshall, J. E. (1979) A review of the genera of the Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 39, 135 - 239.","Ito, T., Ohkawa, A. & Hattori, T. (2011) The genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 2801, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2801.1.1","Botosaneanu, L. (1970) Trichopteres de la Republique Democratique-Populaire de la Coree. Annales Zoologici Warszawa, 27 (15), 275 - 359.","Ulmer, G. (1929) Uber einige deutsche Hydroptiliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 80, 253 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019290302","Kobayashi, M. (1974) On two new species of Hydroptilidae from Japan (Insecta: Trichoptera). Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum Natural Science, 7, 67 - 70.","Ito, T. (2021) Descriptions of final instar larvae of six species of the genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4905 (3), 339 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.3"]}

Hydroptila demersa Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 3–5) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles to that of H. ogasawaraensis described from Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, in having a narrow transverse tergal bridge of segment IX, a subtriangular subgenital plate, and an almoststraight phallic apparatus with short titillator, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by the form of the inferior appendages: Inferior appendages are without any processes in H. ogasawaraensis (Figs 9B, 9D), but each has a dorsolateral hump in this species (Figs 3E, 3G). The larva of this species is distinct from those of other congeneric species by the rather oblong and depressed form of the head capsule. Adult male (Fig. 3). Head: Postoccipital warts large, ellipsoidal, ocelli absent. Maxillary palps each 5- segmented, labial palps each 3-segemented. Mesoscutellum flabellate and without transverse suture. Metascutellum wide, subtriangular. Wings black to dark brown, some light brown patterning in forewings, but often indistinct in alcohol specimens; light brown dots absent in hind wings; forewings each 1.9–2.1 mm in length and hind wings each 1.7–1.9 mm (n = 5). Antennae each 27–29-segmented, length 1.0– 1.1 mm (n = 5); brown with three white bands at antero-middle, postero-middle and apices. Tibial spur formula 0, 2, 4. Pair of anterolateral processes of sternite V each with 2 apical setae, one long and one short. Short, subacute, posteroventral process on sternite VII. Male genitalia (Figs 3D–3H). Segment IX (IX) annular, dorsally with deep and wide circular excision at anterior margin and with shallow and wide excision at posterior margin, resulting transverse tergal bridge narrow, 1/4 as long on midline as segment in dorsal view; no dark and setose plate evident. Dorsal plate (dp) subquadrate in dorsal view with small posteromesal concavity, semi-membranous. Subgenital plate (sp) slightly sclerotized, gradually tapered, directed caudoventrad basally, then curved caudad at apical 1/4 with acute apex in lateral view, blunt in ventral view. Inferior appendages (ia) thick; directed caudoventrad at basal 2/3 and caudodorsad at apical 1/3; each with dorsolateral hump (dh) at middle, acute apically, covered with fine setae and spines. Phallic apparatus (pa) long, almost straight, extending from anterior 1/3 of segment VI when retracted, with short titillator at mid-length. Female. Unknown. Immature stages. Final instar larva (Fig. 4). Body somewhat compressed laterally, length up to 2.5 mm, sclerotized parts light brown, membranes milky white. Head (Figs 4A–4D). Depressed dorsoventrally, subrectangular with almost parallel sides in dorsal view, width up to 0.55 mm; width: length: height = about 1.00: 1.85: 0.70. Dorsal ecdysial lines indistinct, longest setae (setae no. 9, sensu Wiggins 1996) about twice as long as width of head, seta no. 8 (sensu Wiggins 1996) also long, about 1.5 times as long as width of head. Antennae situated near anterolateral corners of head capsule, each unsegmented with short sensilla apically and seta subapically. Small spines (sensu Wells 1985, 1997) absent on dorsum. Thorax (Figs 4A, 4B, 4E). Dorsum of each segment covered with pair of large square sclerotized plates; these plates light brown, with slightly darkened posterior margins; each plate with about 20 setae on pronotum, about 15 setae on each plate of meso- and metanota. Thoracic legs essentially similar in structure and subequal in three legs; foretibiae each with spur having two spines, spines with few fine teeth, spatulate spines indistinct. Foretrochantins and pleura of meso- and metathoraces subrectangular, pleural sutures indistinct. Abdomen (Figs 4A, 4F, 4G). Somewhat compressed laterally, slightly taller at segments III–VI. Tracheal gills, humps, lateral fringes, and lateral tubercles absent. Small, transversely oval chloride epithelia dorsally present on segments I–VI. Paired long sa 1 setae, two short sa 2 setae, and single long sa 3 seta directed laterad on each of segments I –VIII. Tergite IX transversely ellipsoidal with two pairs of long setae and two pairs of short setae. Lateral sclerites of segment X round with one pair of long and two pairs of short setae. Anal claws directed anterolaterad, each with two short and wide accessory hooks. Three anal gills slender, one on middle of dorsum of segment IX behind tergite, pair on posterolateral margins of segment X. Case (Figs 5A, 5B). Case of final instar larva up to 2.9 mm, composed of elongate-ellipsoidal right and left valves, very slightly compressed laterally, made of mineral particles with rather rough surface, never of organic materials. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Chichi-jima: Ishiura-kita River, upper reach (N27.0756, E142.2221, 230 m above sea level), 26.ii.2020, TI, TS & CT (TI et al.), S (CBM-ZI 0184755). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184756–0184757). Other specimens. Chichi-jima: 2 males, 2 pupae, 2 larvae, same data as holotype; 1 male, 4 pupae, 4 larvae, type locality, 12–13.iv.2019, TI et al., S & H; 1 larva, Hatsuneura-gawa, 7.iv.2009, G. Yoshinari; 1 pupa, 1 prepupa, same locality, 15.iv.2019, TI et al., H; 2 males, 2 pupae, Fukiage-dani, 14.iv.2019, TI & TS, S & H; 3 males, 1 pupa, 2 larvae, same locality, 2.iii.2020, TI & CT, S & H. Ani-jima: 10 males, Takinoura-gawa, 3.iii.2020, TI et al., S. Remarks and habitat (Figs 5C, 5D). The larva of this species is very distinct in having a rather depressed, oblong head with rather long setae (no. 8) ventrally. As far as we know, such a head has not been known in any congeneric species in North America (Ross 1944; Wiggins 1996), Australia (Wells 1985, 1997), Europe (Wallace et al. 2003; Waringer & Graf 2011), Angola (Wells & de Moor 2020), or Japan (Ito 2021). In caddisflies, the depressed form of the larval head is known for four rhyacophilid species that burrow into sandy stream beds (Taira & Tanida 2011, 2013) and in a philopotamid species inhabiting the hyporheic zone (Torii et al. 2022). Therefore, depressed larval heads, and probably also long setae on the ventral side of the head capsule of H. demersa might be an adaptive form for their microhabitat, the underside or interstices of stony or sandy substrates in shallow water flowing in narrow, steep, mountain streams, up to 5 cm depth and 100 cm width. Absence of small spines on the dorsum of the head is also exceptional, since they are numerous and scattered in many species of Hydroptila larvae (Wells 1985; Ito 2021). The cases of this species, very slightly compressed with rough surfaces, are different from those of other congeneric species (Ross 1944; Wells 1985; Wiggins 1996; Wallace et al. 2003; Waringer & Graf 2011; Ito 2021). This species was sometimes collected with H. ishiura sp. nov. in the same streams, but in fewer numbers than the latter. Distribution (Figs 1B, 1C). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Chichi-jima, Ani-jima). Etymology. The species epithet (a Latin adjective) refers to the depressed form of the larval head. Japanese name. Muguri-hime-tobikera., Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Sasaki, Tetsuro, Takahashi, Chicaco, Sugawara, Hirotaka & Hayashi, Fumio, 2023, The family Hydroptilidae Curtis (Trichoptera) in the Ogasawara Islands, northwestern Pacific, with particular reference to adaptive radiation in the oceanic islands, pp. 141-164 in Zootaxa 5231 (2) on pages 145-149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7576775, {"references":["Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera), Second Edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3138 / 9781442623606","Wells, A. (1985) Larvae and Pupae of Australian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera), with Observations on General Biology and Relationships. Australian Journal of Zoology, Melbourne, Supplementary Series, 113, 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 113","Wells, A. (1997) A Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Larval Hydroptilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide No. 13. The Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre, Albury, pp. 28.","Ito, T., Ohkawa, A. & Hattori, T. (2011) The genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 2801, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2801.1.1","Botosaneanu, L. (1970) Trichopteres de la Republique Democratique-Populaire de la Coree. Annales Zoologici Warszawa, 27 (15), 275 - 359.","Xue, Y. - G. & Yang, L. - F. (1990) Seven new species of Hydroptilidae from China (Insecta: Trichoptera). Acta Agricultura Universitatis Henanensis, 24 (1), 124 - 131.","Kobayashi, M. (1974) On two new species of Hydroptilidae from Japan (Insecta: Trichoptera). Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum Natural Science, 7, 67 - 70.","Ulmer, G. (1929) Uber einige deutsche Hydroptiliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 80, 253 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019290302","Ross, H. H. (1944) The caddisflies, or Trichoptera, of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 23, 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 23.199","Wallace, I. D., Wallace, B. & Philipson, G. N. (2003) Key to the case-bearing caddis larvae of Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association, Scientific Publication 61. Freshwater Biological Association, Liverpool, 259 pp.","Waringer, J. & Graf, W. (2011) Atlas of Central European Trichoptera Larvae. Erik Mauch Verlag, Dinkelscherbe, 468 pp.","Wells, A. & de Moor, E. C. (2020) Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Angola, a new genus, seven new species, and five new records. Zootaxa, 4868 (4), 495 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4868.4.2","Ito, T. (2021) Descriptions of final instar larvae of six species of the genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 4905 (3), 339 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4915.3.3","Taira, A. & Tanida, K. (2011) Peculiar hyporheic habitat of some Rhyacophila species (Trichoptera; Rhyacophilidae) in Japanese mountain streams. Limnology, 12, 25 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10201 - 010 - 0318 - 0","Taira, A. & Tanida, K. (2013) Unusual behavior and morphology of some Rhyacophila Pictet, 1834 caddisfly (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) larvae reflect their ability to use the hyporheic zone. Aquatic Insects, 35, 23 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2014.949778","Torii, T., Kuhara, N., Shirako, T., Uchino, T., Souma, R. & Kobayashi, T. (2022) Hyporheic zone, a blind spot: Discovery of the larva of Kisaura (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Japan. Zootaxa, 5138 (1), 31 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5138.1.3"]}

Hydroptila ishiura Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 6–8) Diagnosis. The male of this species resembles to that of Hydroptila demersa in having a narrowly transverse tergal bridge of segment IX, a subtriangular subgenital plate, and an almost-straight phallic apparatus with a short titillator, but it is clearly distinguished from the latter by presence of lateral processes and the form of the inferior appendages; a pair of lateral processes is absent and inferior appendages are curved dorsad apically in H. demersa (Figs 3E, 3G), but lateral processes are present and inferior appendages are curved ventrad apically in this species (Figs 6B, 6C). Also, the male has a dark and setose plate that is subtriangular on the apicodorsal margin of segment IX; this plate is absent in H. demersa. Adult (Figs 6, 8A). Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII as for H. demersa. Forewings each 2.0– 2.1 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–2.0 mm in male (n = 5); forewings each 2.1–2.2 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–1.9 mm in female (n = 3). Antennae each 27–29-segmented, length1.0– 1.2 mm in male (n = 5); each 24–27-segmented, length 0.9–1.0 mm in female (n = 3). Male genitalia (Figs 6A–6E). Segment IX (IX) annular, transverse tergal bridge narrow, its dorsal midline 1/5 as long as segment; with deep and wide circular excision at anterior margin ventrally and dorsally, especially deep dorsally; dark and setose plate (dsp IX) well-sclerotized, subtriangular, covered with very fine setae at posterodorsal margin. Dorsal plate (dp) semi-membranous, blunt or round apically in dorsal and lateral views. Pair of lateral processes (lp) weakly sclerotized, wrapping around dorsal plate in dorsal view. Subgenital plate (sp) slightly sclerotized, gradually tapered, directed caudad, with small ventral hump at apical 1/3, subacute apically in lateral view. Inferior appendages (ia) thick; directed caudad at basal 2/3 and caudoventrad at apical 1/3, acute apically. Phallic apparatus long, almost straight, anterior end extending from almost anterior margin of segment VII when retracted, with short titillator near 3/5 length. Female genitalia (Figs 6F, 6G). Segment VIII relatively short, with no distinct tergite or sternite: 2 or 3 pairs of marginal setae on each of dorsum and venter, pair of fine transverse bands near bases of ventral marginal setae; ventral margin distinctly projected caudad at middle in ventral view. Vaginal apparatus depressed, oval in ventral view. Immature stages. Final instar larva (Fig. 7). Body somewhat depressed dorsoventrally, length up to 2.5 mm, sclerotized parts black to dark brown, membranes milky white. Head (Figs 7A–7D). Oval in dorsal view, width up to 0.44 mm; width: length: height = about 1.00: 1.20: 0.80. Dorsal ecdysial lines indistinct, longest seta (seta no. 9, sensu Wiggins 1996) about 1.1 times as long as width of head, seta no. 8 (sensu Wiggins 1996) about 0.5 times as long as width of head. Antennae situated near anterolateral corners of head capsule, each unsegmented with short round sensilla apically and long seta subapically. Small spines (sensu Wells 1985) absent on dorsum. Thorax (Figs 7A, 7B, 7E). Dorsum of each segment covered with pair of large, square, dark brown sclerotized plates; each plate with 25–30 setae on pronotum, about 15 setae on each of meso- and metanota. Thoracic legs essentially similar in structure and subequal in three legs; foretibiae each with spur having two spines, spines with few fine teeth, spatulate spines small. Foretrochantins and pleura of meso- and metathoraces rectangular, pleural sutures indistinct. Abdomen (Figs 7A, 7B, 7F, 7G). Somewhat depressed dorsoventrally, slightly broader at segments III–VI. Tracheal gills, humps, lateral fringes, and lateral tubercles absent. Segment I with two short, transversely wide dorsal sclerites arranged in succession (presumably associated with chloride epithelium or setal areas sa 1 and sa2, Wiggins 1996), with one pair and two pairs of setae, respectively, and pair of small basal sclerites at setal area sa 3 (sensu Wiggins 1996), each with two setae. Segments II–VI with transverse-oval chloride epithelia and pair of setae at sa 1. On segments II–IV, basal sclerites of sa 2 larger than those of posterior segments. Tergite IX ellipsoidal with one pair of long and two pairs of short setae. Lateral sclerites of segment X round, each with one pair of long and one pair of short setae. Anal claws directed anterolaterad, each with two accessory hooks dorsally. Three anal gills slender, one on middle of dorsum of segment IX behind tergite, pair on posterolateral margins of segment X. Variation (Figs 7B, 7F). Dorsal sclerites of abdominal segment I variable individually, anterior sclerite sometimes with middle excision, separated into two round sclerites, or fused to posterior one. Case (Figs 8B–8D). Case of final instar larva up to 2.8 mm, compressed laterally, composed of elongateellipsoidal right and left valves, made of fine mineral particles by larvae mainly found in stony bottom, or of organic materials by larvae found in hygropetric habitat. Organic cases made of diatoms only (Terpsinoe muninensis Tsuji 2018, species endemic to Ogasawara Islands), pieces of bryophyte only, or mixture of diatoms and pieces of bryophyte. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Chichi-jima: Ishiura-kita (N27.0762, E142.2227, 220 m above sea level), 13.iv.2019, TI et al., S (CBM-ZI 0184758). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184759–0184760). Other specimens. Chichi-jima: 1 male, 3 pupae, 3 larvae, same data as holotype; 2 males, 2 females, type locality, 12–13.iv.2019, TI et al., S & H; 1 male, 4 pupae, Fukiage-dani, 14.iv.2019, TI &TS, S & H; 50 males, 5 females, 6 pupae, 8 prepupae, 10 larvae, same locality, 2.iii.2020, TI & CT, S & H; 2 males, 2 pupae, 3 larvae, Hatsuneura, 15.iv.2019, TI et al . Ani-jima: 6 males, 3 females, Takinoura-gawa, 3.iii.2020, TI et al., S. Remarks. The larva of this species is distinctive in having short wide dorsal sclerites of abdominal segment I. As far as we know, such dorsal sclerites of the segments have not been found in any congeneric species in North America (Ross 1944; Wiggins 1996), Australia (Wells 1985), Europe (Wallace et al. 2003; Waringer & Graf 2011), Angola (Wells & de Moor 2020), or Japan (Ito 2021). Absence of small spines on the dorsum of the head is also exceptional, since they are numerous and scattered in many species of Hydroptila larvae (Wells 1985; Ito 2021). Distribution (Figs 1B, 1C). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Chichi-jima, Ani-jima). Habitat (Figs 8D–8F). Larvae of this species were found on both hygropetric habitat and stony bottoms in shallow water flows of small mountain streams. Sclerotized parts of larvae living on stony bottoms tend to be black and those in hygropetric habitat are a somewhat lighter color, dark brown. This species was often collected with H. demersa, but was more abundant than the latter. Etymology. The species epithet is an adjective referring to the name of the type locality. Japanese name. Ishiura-hime-tobikera.

Hydroptila tokoyo Ito & Sasaki sp. nov. (Figs 9H–9K, 10E) Diagnosis. The male of this species is similar to that of H. ogasawaraensis, but is distinguished from the latter by the length of the phallic apparatus, the presence of lateral plates of segment X, and the shape of inferior appendages; the anterior end of the phallic apparatus extends from abdominal segment VII when retracted, the lateral plates are absent, and the inferior appendages are without lateral humps in H. ogasawaraensis (Figs 9A–9D); the phallic apparatus extends from abdominal segment III when retracted, a pair of lateral plates is present, and each inferior appendage has a lateral hump in H. tokoyo (Figs 9H–9L). Male. Head, thorax, wing color, tibial spurs, processes of sternites V and VII are as for H. demersa. Forewings each 2.0– 2.1 mm in length and hind wings each 1.8–2.0 mm (n = 2). Antennae each 27–29-segmented, length 1.0– 1.2 mm long (n = 2). Male genitalia (Figs 9H–9L). Segment IX (IX) annular, its transverse tergal bridge narrow, its midline 1/3 as long as segment; with deep subquadrate margin dorsally; small, sclerotized, subrectangular, dark and setose plate (dsp IX) at posterodorsal margin, covered with very fine setae; deep and broad subtriangular excision on anterior margin ventrally. Dorsal plate (dp) semi-membranous, blunt apically in dorsal view, subtriangular in lateral view. Lateral plates (lp) subtriangular in lateral view, apically directed caudoventrad. Subgenital plate (sp) slightly sclerotized, gradually tapered, directed caudoventrad, with very small hook subapicoventrally. Inferior appendages (ia) thick, directed caudad, each with irregularly shaped lateral hump (lh) at basal 2/5 and hooked caudodorsad apically. Phallic apparatus very long, almost straight, anterior end extending from middle of segment III when retracted, with slender titillator at 4/5 length. Female, larva and case. Unknown. Holotype. Male, Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Chichi-jima: Tokoyo-gawa,Tokoyo-no-taki Waterfall (N27.0574, E142.2058, 30 m above sea level), 2.iii.2020, TI & CT, S (CBM-ZI 0184761). Paratypes. 1 male, same data as holotype (CBM-ZI 0184762). Other specimens. Chichi-jima: 1 male, same data as holotype; 1 male, type locality, 16.iv.2019, TI & CT, S; 1 pupa (male), a tributary of Tokoyo-gawa, upper reach, 19.iv.2022, TI & TS, H. Distribution (Fig. 1C). Japan (Ogasawara Islands: Chichi-jima). Habitat and remarks (Figs 10E, 10F). The males were collected from Tokoyo-no-taki Waterfall, covered with bryophytes and algae (Fig. 10E). Many Hydroptila larvae were there (Fig. 10F), but they couldn’t be identified at species level morphologically, since two species (H. tokoyo and H. ogasawaraensis) have been detected there by both morphological examination of males and DNA analyses of larvae. Japanese name. Tokoyo-hime-tobikera.

The Trichoptera are an important component of freshwater ecosystems. In the Iberian Peninsula, 380 taxa of caddisflies are known, with nearly 1/3 of the total species being endemic in the region. A reference collection of morphologically identified Trichoptera specimens, representing 142 Iberian taxa, was constructed. The InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) Trichoptera 01 dataset contains records of 438 sequenced specimens. The species of this dataset correspond to about 37% of Iberian Trichoptera species diversity. Specimens were collected between 1975 and 2018 and are deposited in the IBI collection at the CIBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Portugal) or in the collection Marcos A. González at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Twenty-nine species, from nine different families, were new additions to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). A success identification rate of over 80% was achieved when comparing morphological identifications and DNA barcodes for the species analysed. This encouraging step advances incorporation of informed Environmental DNA tools in biomonitoring schemes, given the shortcomings of morphological identifications of larvae and adult Caddisflies in such studies. DNA barcoding was not successful in identifying species in six Trichoptera genera: Hydropsyche (Hydropsychidae), Athripsodes (Leptoceridae), Wormaldia (Philopotamidae), Polycentropus (Polycentropodidae) Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) and Sericostoma (Sericostomatidae). The high levels of intraspecific genetic variability found, combined with a lack of a barcode gap and a challenging morphological identification, rendered these species as needing additional studies to resolve their taxonomy.

The microcaddisfly (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) fauna is catalogued from a review of more than 1,300 literature citations through the end of 2020 to include 2,665 currently recognized, valid species in six subfamilies and 76 genera. Fourteen subspecies are included in the total as well as 23 fossil species and three fossil genera. The family Ptilocolepidae (Trichoptera), also covered in this catalogue, comprises 19 valid species in two genera; two subspecies and two fossil species are included in the total. The monotypic genus Eutonella, currently considered incertae sedis within Trichoptera, was formerly placed in Hydroptilidae and is also included in this catalogue. Genus-group and species-group synonyms are listed. Information on the type locality, type depository, sex of type, distribution by country, and other relevant taxonomic or biological information is included for each nominal species. Summary information on taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution, immature stages, and biology are provided for each subfamily, tribe, and genus where known. An index to all nominal taxa is provided to facilitate catalog use.

The Sharr Mountains are one of the most important hotspots of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity in the Balkan Peninsula, with many endemic and rare species. The caddisfly studies in this area increased during the past years, although insufficiently investigated areas still remain. In this paper, we describe a new species, Potamophylax humoinsapiens sp. n. from the Sharr Mountains in the Republic of Kosovo, which is morphologically closest to Potamophylax idliri Ibrahimi, Bilalli & Kučinić, 2022 and Potamophylax juliani Kumanski, 1999. The males of the new species differ from all known species of the Potamophylax winneguthi Species Group by their uniquely-shaped parameres, which are long, bulbous in their basal half and thin in the remaining length, with a bunch of very thin and long, hair-like spines, grouped uniformly at the apex. The new species further differs from its most similar congeners by its very wide distance between the dorsal and ventral edges of the apical part of inferior appendages in lateral view. The new species was found at three localities from 1416 to 1505 m a.s.l. Similar to the other species of the Potamophylax winneguthi Species Group, which have very narrow distribution areas, we posit that Potamophylax humoinsapiens sp. n. is a microendemic of the Sharr Mountains. The new species is the second known caddisfly species occurring only in the Kosovan part of the Sharr Mountains.

Parasetodes respersellus (Rambur 1842) (Fig. 1) Birzgale 23 08 2022, 1 ♀ (U.P.); Carnikava, 21 08 2022, 2 specimens, one ♀ of which was left to the collection (N.S.);. Raveliai, 21 09 2018, 1 ♂ (Ž.P.); Stīpnieki, 18 08 2022, 1 ♂ (U.P.)., Published as part of Višinskienė, Giedrė, Pūtys, Žilvinas & Piterāns, Uģis, 2022, PARASETODES RESPERSELLUS (RAMBUR 1842) – A NEW CADDISFLY (TRICHOPTERA, LEPTOCERIDAE) SPECIES TO LITHUANIAN AND LATVIAN FAUNA, pp. 87-91 in Bulletin of the Lithuanian Entomological Society 6 (34) on page 88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7947072

Višinskienė, Giedrė, Pūtys, Žilvinas, Piterāns, Uģis (2022): PARASETODES RESPERSELLUS (RAMBUR 1842) – A NEW CADDISFLY (TRICHOPTERA, LEPTOCERIDAE) SPECIES TO LITHUANIAN AND LATVIAN FAUNA. Bulletin of the Lithuanian Entomological Society 6 (34): 87-91, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7947072, {"references":["Buczynska E., Shapoval A.P. Buczynski P. 2014. The northernmost European record of Parasetodes respersellus (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from the Courish Spit (Russia) with notes on its distribution and imaginal morphology. Turkish Journal of Zoology 38: 631-636.","Kalnins M., SpunGis V. 2002. Makstenes - Trichoptera. Internet: http://leb.daba.lv/Trichoptera.htm","Malicky H. 2004. Atlas of European Trichoptera. 2nd ed. Springer Netherlands. 359 p.","Malicky H. 2005. Ein kommentiertes Verzeichnis der Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera) Europas und des Mediterrangebietes. Linzer biologische Beitrage 37 (1): 533-596.","Malicky H. 2013. Trichoptera. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. Available at: http://www.fauna-eu.org (accessed October 01, 2022).","Mora A., Juhasz P., Kiss B., Muller Z., Malnas K. 2014. The larva of Parasetodes respersellus (Rambur 1841) with notes on its habitat and European distribution (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Zootaxa 3841 (4): 563-572.","Noble R., Cowx I. 2002. Development, Evaluation & Implementation of a Standardised Fish-based Assessment Method for the Ecological Status of European Rivers - A Contribution to the Water Framework Directive (FAME). Final report. p. 6.","Ostrovsky A.M. 2021. New Finds and Species of Caddisflies (Trichoptera) in Southeastern Belarus. Inland Water Biol 14 (2): 133-140.","Spuris Z. 1989. Latvijas kukainu katalogs. 7. Makstenes (Trichoptera). Latvijas Entomologs 32: 5-42.","Visinskiene 2010. Caddisfly (Insecta, Trichoptera) diversity in Lithuania and impacts of environmental factors on their distribution and abundance. Doctoral dissertation, 228p.","Visinskiene G. 2009. The updated checklist of Lithuanian caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) with notes on species rarity. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 19 (1): 25-40.","Visinskiene G., Pisanenko A., Svitra G. 2018. New caddisfly (Trichoptera) species for the fauna of Belarus. Bulletin of the Lithuanian Entomological Society 2 (30): 103- 107."]}

Hydropsyche askalaphos Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 (Figs 20–36) Larva: Total length 16.0– 16.5 mm (n = 10). Overall body shape as usual in Hydropsychidae. Head and notal sclerites reddish-brown to dark brown (Fig. 20). Head: Head capsule length 1.22–1.26 mm; width 1.20–1.22 mm. Dorsum of head reddish-brown, areas around eyes light yellow, occiput with pale muscle scars (Fig. 21). Long, black, erect, truncate peg-like setae (tp) dorsally and laterally, tapered setae on anterior half, with acuminate peg-like setae (ap) on dorsal and lateral regions in anterior three-quarters. Frontoclypeal apotome strongly indented anterolaterally in anterior 2/3; anterior margin concave laterally and convex medially and asymmetrically incised on right 1/3, with 4 yellow areas arranged as cross: small anterior spot, pair of oblique oval spots near midlength, large posterior spot (Figs 21, 23). Ventral surface of head reddish-brown (Fig. 22). Labrum reddish-brown; apically rounded in dorsal view; bearing welldeveloped, golden brown, pectinate, anterolateral setae and long, stout, dark, dorsal setae (Fig. 24). Mandibles dark brown, asymmetrical: left and right mandibles each with 1 apical tooth and 1 mesal tooth, outer surfaces of both mandibles with scattered setae, left mandible with mesal tuft of long setae (Fig. 25). Submentum reddish-brown, with deep anteromesal cleft, anterolateral margins on either side of cleft with long setae (Fig. 26). Anterior ventral apotome broadly triangular; posterior ventral apotome small, oval (Fig. 26). Thorax: Nota yellow-brown (Figs 27–29) densely covered with peg-like setae similar to those on dorsum of head. Prosternite brown, transverse, narrow, with dark anterolateral corners and dark band across posterior half; with pair of large, posterolateral sclerites pale mesally and darker laterally (Fig. 33). Foretrochantins deeply forked (Fig. 30, black arrow indicating lower fork). Forelegs stouter than other legs, each with numerous setae on posterior surface of coxa; trochanter and femur with row of long setae on ventral margins (Fig. 30). Mid- and hind legs similar in size, shape, and structure; with stout setae on posterior surfaces of trochanters and femora (Figs 31–32). Mesosternum with one pair of single-stemmed gills and metasternum with 2 pairs of single-stemmed gills; gills each bearing approximately 60 lateral filaments. Abdomen: Abdominal segments I–IX densely covered with brown, scale-like and hair-like setae (Figs 20, 34). Sternum I with 2 pairs of bifid-stemmed gills. Segments II–V each with one pair of submedian ventral gills. Segments II–VII each with one pair of sublateral gills each arising from common base (Figs 20, 34). Sternum VIII with pair of small, triangular sclerites bearing spike-like setae. Sternum IX with pair of large, triangular sclerites bearing spike-like setae with conspicuous bases. Tergum IX with pair of small lateral sclerites and pair of large subdorsal sclerites (Figs 35–36). Anal prolegs each with bent apical claw, spike-like setae present on dorsal and ventral surfaces, subapicodorsal fan of long setae (Figs 35–36). Material examined: THAILAND: PHAYAO PROVINCE: Phu Sang National Park, Nam Phuai Bon, 446 m a.s.l., 19°39'55.8"N, 100°22'37.4"E, 23-i-2021, 14 larvae, 1 male pupa, leg. Prommi; Nam Phuai Lang, 474 m a.s.l., 19°40'27.9"N, 100°23'20.2"E, 24-i-2021, 18 larvae, 2 male pupae, 1 male adult, leg. Prommi; Nam Yuan Ton, 510 m a.s.l., 19°30'02.5"N, 100°27'01.6"E, 25-vi-2021, 12 larvae, 1 male pupae, 1 male adult, leg. Prommi; Nam Yuan Huai Pum, 495 m a.s.l., 19°31'17.5"N, 100°24'25.0"E, 26-vi-2021, 36 larvae, 2 male pupae, 2 male adults, leg. Prommi., Published as part of Seetapan, Kriengkrai & Prommi, Taeng On, 2022, The larvae of caddisfly species (Insecta, Trichoptera) in northern Thai streams and their relationships to environmental variables, pp. 301-324 in Zootaxa 5222 (4) on pages 312-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7466720

Hydropsyche askalaphos Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 (Figs 20–36) Larva: Total length 16.0– 16.5 mm (n = 10). Overall body shape as usual in Hydropsychidae. Head and notal sclerites reddish-brown to dark brown (Fig. 20). Head: Head capsule length 1.22–1.26 mm; width 1.20–1.22 mm. Dorsum of head reddish-brown, areas around eyes light yellow, occiput with pale muscle scars (Fig. 21). Long, black, erect, truncate peg-like setae (tp) dorsally and laterally, tapered setae on anterior half, with acuminate peg-like setae (ap) on dorsal and lateral regions in anterior three-quarters. Frontoclypeal apotome strongly indented anterolaterally in anterior 2/3; anterior margin concave laterally and convex medially and asymmetrically incised on right 1/3, with 4 yellow areas arranged as cross: small anterior spot, pair of oblique oval spots near midlength, large posterior spot (Figs 21, 23). Ventral surface of head reddish-brown (Fig. 22). Labrum reddish-brown; apically rounded in dorsal view; bearing welldeveloped, golden brown, pectinate, anterolateral setae and long, stout, dark, dorsal setae (Fig. 24). Mandibles dark brown, asymmetrical: left and right mandibles each with 1 apical tooth and 1 mesal tooth, outer surfaces of both mandibles with scattered setae, left mandible with mesal tuft of long setae (Fig. 25). Submentum reddish-brown, with deep anteromesal cleft, anterolateral margins on either side of cleft with long setae (Fig. 26). Anterior ventral apotome broadly triangular; posterior ventral apotome small, oval (Fig. 26). Thorax: Nota yellow-brown (Figs 27–29) densely covered with peg-like setae similar to those on dorsum of head. Prosternite brown, transverse, narrow, with dark anterolateral corners and dark band across posterior half; with pair of large, posterolateral sclerites pale mesally and darker laterally (Fig. 33). Foretrochantins deeply forked (Fig. 30, black arrow indicating lower fork). Forelegs stouter than other legs, each with numerous setae on posterior surface of coxa; trochanter and femur with row of long setae on ventral margins (Fig. 30). Mid- and hind legs similar in size, shape, and structure; with stout setae on posterior surfaces of trochanters and femora (Figs 31–32). Mesosternum with one pair of single-stemmed gills and metasternum with 2 pairs of single-stemmed gills; gills each bearing approximately 60 lateral filaments. Abdomen: Abdominal segments I–IX densely covered with brown, scale-like and hair-like setae (Figs 20, 34). Sternum I with 2 pairs of bifid-stemmed gills. Segments II–V each with one pair of submedian ventral gills. Segments II–VII each with one pair of sublateral gills each arising from common base (Figs 20, 34). Sternum VIII with pair of small, triangular sclerites bearing spike-like setae. Sternum IX with pair of large, triangular sclerites bearing spike-like setae with conspicuous bases. Tergum IX with pair of small lateral sclerites and pair of large subdorsal sclerites (Figs 35–36). Anal prolegs each with bent apical claw, spike-like setae present on dorsal and ventral surfaces, subapicodorsal fan of long setae (Figs 35–36). Material examined: THAILAND: PHAYAO PROVINCE: Phu Sang National Park, Nam Phuai Bon, 446 m a.s.l., 19°39'55.8"N, 100°22'37.4"E, 23-i-2021, 14 larvae, 1 male pupa, leg. Prommi; Nam Phuai Lang, 474 m a.s.l., 19°40'27.9"N, 100°23'20.2"E, 24-i-2021, 18 larvae, 2 male pupae, 1 male adult, leg. Prommi; Nam Yuan Ton, 510 m a.s.l., 19°30'02.5"N, 100°27'01.6"E, 25-vi-2021, 12 larvae, 1 male pupae, 1 male adult, leg. Prommi; Nam Yuan Huai Pum, 495 m a.s.l., 19°31'17.5"N, 100°24'25.0"E, 26-vi-2021, 36 larvae, 2 male pupae, 2 male adults, leg. Prommi.

Trichoptera community composition A total of 2,748 larvae of Trichoptera were collected from the sampled streams in northern Thailand. Fortyone taxa from seven streams were identified from 24 genera and 13 families (Table 3). At the family level, the Hydropsychidae were the most numerous, accounting for 1,487 specimens (54%). The highest number of caddisfly larvae was collected at S5 (570 individuals), while the lowest number was collected at S4 (213 individuals). Marilia sumatrana Ulmer 1951 was the most abundant species collected, with 318 individuals, followed by Chimarra sp. (276 individuals), Cheumatopsyche cf. dubitans Mosely 1942 (272 individuals), and Potamyia phaidra Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 (in Malicky 1997) (219 individuals). ......continued on the next page * Larvae described in this publication. Based on the results of the adult caddisfly species in this study, 10 species of hydropsychid larvae could be associated with identifiable adults. The 10 species of hydropsychid larvae comprised 6 genera: Amphipsyche (A. meridiana Ulmer 1909); Cheumatopsyche (C. copia Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 in Malicky 1997, C. tramota Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 in Malicky 1997); Hydropsyche (Hp. camillus Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000, Hp. askalaphos Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000, Hp. pallipenne Banks 1938); Hydromanicus [Hm. klanklini (Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993) and Hm. serubabel Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993]; Potamyia (P. phaidra); Pseudoleptonema (P. supalak Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998 in Malicky 1998) (Table 3). Among the taxa identified, Hydropsyche pallipenne and H. askalaphos are described here, whereas the other eight species mentioned above have been described (Peumwarunyoo & Prommi 2013; Prommi 2016; Prommi & Permkam 2015; Prommi et al. 2006a, 2006b, 2006c) and their identities were confirmed by the metamorphotype method in this investigation. The morphological, biological, and ecological characteristics of species described in the larval stage of the fauna of Thailand are discussed below., Published as part of Seetapan, Kriengkrai & Prommi, Taeng On, 2022, The larvae of caddisfly species (Insecta, Trichoptera) in northern Thai streams and their relationships to environmental variables, pp. 301-324 in Zootaxa 5222 (4) on pages 304-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7466720, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1951) CXXVII. Kocherfliegen (Trichopteren) von den Sunda-Inseln (Teil I). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement- Band 19, 1 - 528, pls. I - XXVIII.","Mosely, M. E. (1942) Chinese Trichoptera: A collection made by Mr. M. S. Yang in Foochow. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 92 (2), 342 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1942. tb 01210. x","Malicky, H. (1997) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Arten der Gattung Cheumatopsyche Wallengren 1891 und Potamyia Banks 1900 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae). (Zugleich 22, Arbeit ¸ ber thailandische Kocherfliegen). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 29 (2), 1015 - 1055.","Denning, D. G. & Schmid, F. (1971) Descriptions of four new Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103, 1553 - 1556. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031553 - 11","Chantaramongkol, P. & Malicky, H. (1989) Some Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Thailand (Studies on caddisflies from Thailand, No. 2). Aquatic Insects, 11 (4), 223 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650428909361376","Malicky, H. (1979) Neue Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera) von den Andamanen-Inseln. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterr Entomologen, 30 (3 / 4, \" 1978 \"), 97 - 109.","Ulmer, G. (1909) Note III. Einige neue exotische Trichopteren. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 125 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019090215","Banks, N. (1938) XXI. Further neuropteroid insects from Malay. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum, 18 (2), 220 - 235.","Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1993) Neue Trichopteren aus Thailand. Teil 1: Rhyacophilidae, Hydrobiosidae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Psychomyidae, Arctopsychidae, Hydropsychidae. (Arbeiten ¸ ber thailandische Kocherfliegen Nr. 12). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 25 (1), 433 - 487.","Malicky, H. (1998) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis asiatischer Macronematini (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) (Zugleich 24, Arbeit ¸ ber thailandische Kocherfliegen). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 30 (2), 767 - 793.","Banks, N. (1931) XVIII. - Some neuropteroid insects from the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 16, 377 - 409.","Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1992) Einige Goera (Trichoptera, Goeridae) aus S ¸ dasien (Studien ¸ ber thailandische Kocherfliegen Nr. 10). Entomologische Berichte Luzern, 27, 141 - 150.","Albarda, H. (1881) Neuroptera. Systematische lijst, met beschrijving der nieuwe of wenig bekende soorten. [Neuroptera. Systematic list, with description of the new or little-known types.] In: Veth, P. J. (Ed.), Midden-Sumatra: Reizen en Ondersoekingen der Sumatra-Expeditie, Uitgerust door het Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1877 - 1879, Beschreven door de Leden der expeditie, onder toezicht van Prof. P. J. Veth. [Middle Sumatra: Travels and Explorations of the Sumatra Expedition, Equipped by the Geographical Society, 1877 - 1879, Described by Members], 4 (2) [4.2], Natuurlijke Historie, 5, pp. 1 - 22, pls. I - VI. [in Dutch]","Martynov, A. V. (1931) Report on a collection of insects of the order Trichoptera from Siam and China. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 79, Article 25 (2891), 1 - 20, pls. 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.79 - 2891.1","Peumwarunyoo, P. & Prommi, T. (2013) Larvae of Amphipsyche species (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 3635 (3), 251 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3635.3.4","Prommi, T. & Permkam, S. (2015) Larvae of Hydromanicus (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 3914 (4), 467 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3914.4.6","Prommi, T., Permkam, S. & Malicky, H. (2006 a) Description of larvae and pupae of Hydatomanicus klanklini Malicky and Chantaramongkol and H. adonis Malicky and Chantaramongkol (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from southern Thailand. Braueria, 33, 31 - 36.","Prommi, T., Permkam, S. & Sites, R. W. (2006 b) Description of the larva and pupa of Potamyia phaidra Malicky and Chantaramongkol (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 1357 (1), 21 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1357.1.2","Prommi, T., Permkam, S. & Malicky, H. (2006 c) The immature stages of Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum Mart. and P. supalak Malicky & Chantaramongkol (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Braueria, 33, 26 - 30."]}

Trichoptera larvae and water quality parameters of streams Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the variance of species-environment relations. According to this analysis, 49.5% of the variance was described by the first two axes of the relation between species and environmental variables (r = 1.000) (Table 4), and pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3 -N), and water temperature were the variables that best explained Trichoptera distribution. CCA demonstrated that variables such as pH were positively correlated with the first axis, whereas ammonianitrogen was negatively correlated with the first axis. The second CCA axis was mainly correlated with water temperature. According to the second axis, pH and water temperature were positively related to the distribution of some species (e.g., Ecnomus sp., Polyplectropus sp., Pseudoneureclipsis sp., Hydropsyche camillus, H. askalaphos, Cheumatopsyche sp., C. tramota, Potamyia sp., and Stenopsyche siamensis). Also, the distributions of the species in the lower left corner of the plot (e.g., Rhyacophila inaequalis, Amphipsyche meridiana, Hydropsyche pallipenne, Potamyia phaidra, Cheumatopsyche dubitans, and Marilia sumatrana) were negatively correlated with ammonianitrogen (Figure 37).

Trichoptera larvae and water quality parameters of streams Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the variance of species-environment relations. According to this analysis, 49.5% of the variance was described by the first two axes of the relation between species and environmental variables (r = 1.000) (Table 4), and pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3 -N), and water temperature were the variables that best explained Trichoptera distribution. CCA demonstrated that variables such as pH were positively correlated with the first axis, whereas ammonianitrogen was negatively correlated with the first axis. The second CCA axis was mainly correlated with water temperature. According to the second axis, pH and water temperature were positively related to the distribution of some species (e.g., Ecnomus sp., Polyplectropus sp., Pseudoneureclipsis sp., Hydropsyche camillus, H. askalaphos, Cheumatopsyche sp., C. tramota, Potamyia sp., and Stenopsyche siamensis). Also, the distributions of the species in the lower left corner of the plot (e.g., Rhyacophila inaequalis, Amphipsyche meridiana, Hydropsyche pallipenne, Potamyia phaidra, Cheumatopsyche dubitans, and Marilia sumatrana) were negatively correlated with ammonianitrogen (Figure 37)., Published as part of Seetapan, Kriengkrai & Prommi, Taeng On, 2022, The larvae of caddisfly species (Insecta, Trichoptera) in northern Thai streams and their relationships to environmental variables, pp. 301-324 in Zootaxa 5222 (4) on page 315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7466720