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Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture: it can lead to compromised bone strength and increased risk of fractures. Secondary osteoporosis is mostly glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). According to traditional Chinese medicine, the kidney influences bone, and bone loss are associated with kidney and liver inadequacies. We testedAllolobophora caliginosaextract (EE) andAllolobophora caliginosacoelomic fluid (CF) for anti-osteoporotic activity against GIOP. 28 male mice were separated randomly into two groups; the control received distilled water, and the second group received 1 mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 28 days. The second group was divided randomly into three groups. The first OP subgroup received distilled water orally every other day for 28 days. The other two OP subgroups received EE (45 mg/kg body weight) and CF(20 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. EE and CF preserved cortical and trabecular bone loss, decreased bone marrow space, and enhanced chondrocyte production. EE and CF maintained hepatic necrosis in the liver and decreased renal degeneration in the kidney caused by GIOP. In this study, Histological images showed that EE at 45 mg/kg was highly effective as an anti-osteoporotic against GIOP, while CF at 20 mg/kg was moderately effective.

Aims:The present study aimed to evaluate anti-diabetic properties of AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposites (Ag-NCs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Main methods: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups (6 rats/group); control, diabetic and Ag-NCs groups. Control group: after a single dose of citrate buffer (0.1 mol/l, i.p), the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) for type 1diabetes. Diabetic groups were treated orally with and Ag-NCs (0.25mg/Kg body weight) daily for four weeks. Key findings:AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite group showed a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, NO, MDA, creatinine, urea and uric acid. At the same time, it appeared a general increase in insulin, CAT, and SOD activities and GSH concentration. The histopathological investigation illustrated a clear improvement in renal architecture. Significance: The suggested mechanism of action for Ag-NCs in decreasing diabetic nephropathy includes two pathways; the hypoglycemic activity and the antioxidant role of Ag-NCs&nbsp

Background: Cucumber extract is often used for skin problems, wrinkles, sunburn, and as an antioxidant. Thereby, the main objective of the present investigation was to develop a topical skincare cream (w/o) loaded with the sea cucumber,Holothuria arenicolaextract (HaE). Methods: Oil in water emulsion-based cream was prepared by incorporating liquid paraffin, soft wax, cetostearyl alcohol in the oil phase, and borax in the water phase respectively with 1 gm of HaE. The evaluation of HaE cream was done on different parameters like ph, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, irritancy and stability. Results: HaE showed good appearance, homogeneity, spreadability, diffusion, consistency, pH, extrudability, and spreadability without any irritancy to skin. The present results showed that HaE cream has radical scavenging activity in range from 57 to 70 % and NO scavenging activity in range from 25 to 49 %. Conclusion: The formulated HaE cream was successfully developed that met the relevant pharmaceutical characteristics form. The developed HaE cream could be added in topical formulations in order to protect skin against damage caused by free radicals due to its antioxidant activity.&nbsp