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Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998

7. Pachycondyla bispinosa. Worker. Length 6 lines.-Closely resembling P. rufipes, the mandibles, legs and antenna; being red; the thorax and head similarly sculptured; the metathorax truncate, the margin of the truncation with a stout curved spine on each side; the node of the peduncle has its posterior margin denticulate, with a longer tooth at the lateral angles and a tooth beneath; the first and second segments of the abdomen longitudinally grooved; the apical segments rufo-testaceous. Hab. Australia? (Coll. F. Smith.), Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 107

51. Myrmica subopaca. U.M. "Worker. Length 1 1/4 line.-Head, thorax, legs, and nodes of the petiole, dull rufo-testaceous; abdomen shining black, varying in depth of colour, small workers being sometimes pale red with the thorax black. The articulations of the legs and the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous, the head before the insertion of the antennae and mandibles pale ferruginous; the metathorax with a longitudinal groove, not spined; the head and thorax smooth; the nodes of the petiole elevated, blunt above; abdomen ovate, truncate at the base, pointed at the apex. Female. Length 2 1/4 lines.-Opake fusco-ferruginous; abdomen black, with the base reddish, the articulations of the legs and the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous; the thorax in the middle in front, and the scutellum, of a brighter red; the metathorax with a deep excavation; abdomen oblong-ovate, thinly sprinkled with short pale glittering hairs. Hab. Madeira. (Coll. T. V. Wollaston, Esq.) Cape., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 127

2. Myrmica gracilescens. M. rufo-ferruginea, gracileseens; l��vissima et politissima. Worker. Length 1 line. Rufo-ferruginous, smooth and shining; the tarsi and the basal joints of the flagellum pale rufo-testaceous; the club of the antenn�� 3-jointed; the antennae nearly as long as the body. The metathorax with two short acute spines. Abdomen ovate; the basal node of the peduncle petiolated, and elevated above the second node, which is ovate-eonical, the first being conical. Hab. Makassar. This elegant little ant closely resembles the Myrmica lippula of Europe., Published as part of Smith, F., 1860, Descriptions of new species of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Celebes. (Part Formicidae), pp. 57-93 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 5 on page 74

1. Halictus ceratinus. H. niger; alis hyalinis; abdomine clavato. Male. Length 31/2 lines. Black: the head closely and finely punctured; antennae as long as the thorax, the flagellum obscurely testaceous beneath; the face covered with griseous pubescence; the mandibles ferruginous at their apex. Thorax closely punctured; the wings hyaline and iridescent, their apex slightly clouded; the nervures and tegulae testaceous; the legs rufo-testaceous, the tarsi paler, and covered with pale glittering pubescence. Abdomen clavate; the apical margins of the segments with fasciae of short white pubescence, frequently more or less obliterated; shining and delicately punctured; beneath, the apex of the third segment, and the fourth, entirely clothed with very short whitish pubescence; the abdomen is of a dark rufo-testaceous hue, palest beneath, varying in different individuals. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). This remarkable form of Halictus occurs at Sierra Leone. I have described a species from that locality, the " H. clavatus;" it is a smaller and very distinct species from H. ceratinus; in this species the first recurrent nervure is received in the middle of the second submarginal cell., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on page 42

71. Myrmica virulens. B.M. Worker. Length 2 lines.-Pale reddish-yellow, very smooth and shining, and thinly sprinkled with erect pale hairs: the club 2-jointed; the vertex faintly depressed in the middle. Thorax deeply strangulated in the middle, the prothorax depressed in the middle. Abdomen: the first node incrassate, rounded above, less elevated and smaller than the second, subglobose. Hab. Brazil (Ega). This species is allied to M. saevissima. Mr. Bates says, " It is found only in the forest: its formicarium is in the earth, under vegetable debris. Its sting is still more painful than that of M. saevissima.", Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 132

11. Ponera diminuta. P. nigra; vertice delicatule curvato-striato; pedibus rufo-piceis; abdomine laevigata nitido squama quadrata. Worker. Length 3 lines. Black: the mandibles, and the extreme base of the scape, ferruginous; the flagellum fusco-ferruginous; the head elongate, narrowed behind, delicately striated; the striae curved transversely on the vertex. Thorax elongate, produced into a neck anteriorly; swollen in front, compressed in the middle, and again widened to the apex, which is obliquely truncated; the truncation with a few deep transverse striae; the thorax above with short irregular scratches or abbreviated striae; the legs elongate, rufo-piceous, the tarsi pale. Abdomen: the scale, viewed laterally, is quadrate; above slightly narrowed in front, and truncated before and behind; the first segment rounded at the base and constricted at the apex, the second segment narrowed at the base; the abdomen smooth and shining, with the apical margins of the segments, and the apex, rufopiceous. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). This species is nearly an exact representative in form, on a reduced scale, of the P. tarsata., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on page 69

33. Myrmica hirtula. B.M. Myrmica hirtula, Nyl. Addit. Alt. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 45; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 96 (note). Haft. Finland (Helsingfors)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 121

3. Megachile insularis. M. nigra, nitida, delicatula punctata, facie pube pallide fulva vestita, abdomine subtils pube laete ferruginea vestito, alis hyalinis. Female. Length 5 1 / 2 lines. Black; the head and thorax finely and closely punctured, the abdomen delicately so; the face clothed with pale fulvous pubescence, the mandibles with two blunt teeth at their apex; the clypeus shining and strongly punctured. Thorax: the wings subhyaline with a slight cloud at their apex; the basal joint of the posterior tarsi with a dense dark ferruginous pubescence within. Abdomen: the four basal segments with transverse impressed lines in the middle; beneath, clothed with bright ferruginous pubescence; the abdomen has an obscure aeneous tinge above. Hob. Aru., Published as part of Smith, F., 1859, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key., pp. 132-158 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 3 on page 134

138. Formica consobrina. B.M. Formica consobrina, Erichs. Wiegm. Arch. (1842) v. 258,228 [[worker]]. Hab. Tasmania. Erichson described the female only of this species; the worker differs considerably in form and slightly in colour. The head and the abdomen, except the basal segment, black, otherwise pale ferruginous; the flagellum is also ferruginous; the head large, wider than the thorax, the latter rounded in front and much compressed posteriorly., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 41

17. Polyrhachis exasperatus. P. niger, capite thoraceque rude punctatis, abdomine nitido; thorace antice et postice spinis duabus longis acutis armato; squama spinis duabus longis curvatis acutis armata; pedibus obscure ferrugineis. Worker. Length 2 3 / 4 lines. Black; the head anteriorly, the mandibles and flagellum obscure ferruginous; the head, thorax, and node of the peduncle very coarsely and closely punctured, producing a rugged surface. The thorax, with two short stout acute spines bent inwards, the metathorax with two long divergent acute spines; the peduncle with two long acute spines, which curve to the shape of the base of the abdomen; the legs ferruginous, more or less obscurely so. The abdomen globose, smooth, and shining. (Pl. I. fig. 15, and 16 var.) Hah. Celebes (Tondano)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1861, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo., pp. 36-48 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 6 on page 41

5. Eciton crassicornis. Pl. VI. figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. B.M. Eciton crassicornis. Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. iii. new ser. Hab. Brazil (Villa Nova). This is a species very easily recognized by its short thick antennae; the large workers are not furnished with elongated mandibles., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 151

3. Ectatomma concinna. B.M. Female. Length 6 lines.-Chestnut-brown: delicately and evenly striated; the striation on the head, mesothorax, scutellum, node of the peduncle and second segment of the abdomen is longitudinal, that on the prothorax is obliquely curved; on the metathorax and basal segment of the abdomen it is transversely curved; the clypeus truncate in front, with the lateral angles emarginate; the mandibles bent, smooth and shining, their inner edge only touching towards their apex, and being finely denticulate; the eyes less prominent than in tuberculata or brunnea; the wings subhyaline, the nervures rufo-testaceous, and covered with a fine downy pubescence; the node of the peduncle subglobose, and produced behind into an obtuse tooth or tubercle; beneath, it is pinched into a sharp longitudinal edge, with a tooth at the base and another about the middle. Hab. Brazil (Santarem). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) This species resembles the two preceding, but is readily distinguished by the fineness of the striation, and by not having any angles or teeth on the head and thorax; the pubescent wings are a strong distinctive character., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 103-104

5. Myrmecia vindex. B.M. Worker. Length 7 lines.-Ferruginous, with the abdomen black; the nodes of the petiole ferruginous; the sculpture nearly the same as in M. sanguinea; the mandibles are, however, longer, more strongly toothed, and of a pale yellow colour; the nodes of the petiole are more elongate, and the petiole of the first node is longer and more slender; the insect is of a duller red than M. sanguinea; the head sometimes fuscous-red. Hab. West Australia., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 144-145

15. Formica sedula. F. capite thorace pedibusque opacis nigris, abdomine castaneo. Worker. Length 5 lines. Head and thorax opake-black, the mandibles and legs shining black; the abdomen chestnut-red. The mandibles smooth at their base, and striated at their apex, with five stout teeth, the flagellum fusco-ferruginous; the head deeply emarginate behind; much wider than the thorax; the thorax compressed; the trochanters and apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen ovate and thinly sprinkled with reddish pubescence; the scale subquadrate; emarginate above, and slightly ferruginous; the head and thorax with a few erect black hairs. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Resembles F. compressa, but differs in having much stouter legs, in being pubescent, in having the posterior angles of the head more rounded, and in being pubescent., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on page 56

38. Formica sylvatica. Formica sylvatica, Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 491. 3 [[queen]]. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 105. Hab. France (forests in the South of France)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 12

1. Tapinoma erratica. Pl. III. fig. 6. B.M. Formica erratica, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 182 [[worker]]. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 71. Formica glabrella, Nyl. Addit. Alt. Mon. Form. Bor. 38. Tapinoma collina, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 43. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 67. Tapinoma erratica, Smith, Brit. Form. 111. 1. (erraticum) Mayr. Form. Austr. 101.1; Ungar. Ameis. 14.1. Hab. Britain; France; Germany; Helsingfors; Hungary; Madeira., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 55-56

188. Formica Pennsylvanica. Formica Pennsylvanica, De Geer, Hist. Ins. iii. 603.4. pl. 31. f. 9, 10. Oliv. Encycl Meth. vi. 501. 52. St. Farg. Hym. i. 213. 14. Formica pubescens (var.), Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 99. Hab, Pennsylvania., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 53

11. Polyrhachis villipes. P. niger; thorace spinis duabus elongatis acutis antice armato; abdominis squamula spinis duabus longis acutis, singulis basi minute unispinosis, pedibus pubescentibus. Worker. Length 3 1/2 - 4 lines. Black: the head and thorax longitudinally delicately aciculate; eyes ovate, very prominent, situated high on the sides of the head, the head narrowed posteriorly; the carinae on the face much elevated; the palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax: armed in front with two long acute divergent spines; posteriorly unarmed; the superior surface flattened, distinctly divided by two transverse sutures, and having a curved decline to the verge of the truncation of the metathorax; legs elongate, with a thin clothing of erect pubescence. Abdomen smooth, shining, and sprinkled with erect black hairs; the surface of the peduncle in front subquadrate, narrowed at the base, the superior angles with long acute divergent spines, which have a minute spine at their base outside. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on page 61

4. Myrmica fuscipennis. M. ferruginea; capite thoraceque profunde punctatis; alis nigro-fuscis. Female. Length 3 lines. Ferruginous, the head and thorax covered with large oblong punctures, the punctures occasionally confluent; the mandibles finely striated longitudinally, their inner margin furnished with a row of small black teeth; the joints of the antennae, except the three apical ones, transverse; the apical joint longest, but not forming a club. Thorax, the metathorax with two short acute teeth; wings dark fuscous. Abdomen very smooth and shining, and much paler than the head and thorax. Hab. Celebes (Tondano)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1861, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo., pp. 36-48 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 6 on page 46

1. Mutilla blanda, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. iii. p. 32. Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir). India., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on page 83

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21. Cryptocerus causticus. Formica caustica, Pohl & Kollar, Bras. Ins. 17-1.. f. 12 [[worker]]. Cryptocerus causticus, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. 426. Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 222.24. Hab. Brazil., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 191

5. Cryptocerus Dorbignyanus. Cryptocerus Dorbignyanus, Smith,Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 218. 11. pl. 19. f. [[queen]]. Hab. South America., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 189

6. Formica cordata. F. pallide rufa; abdomine fusco, capite cordato. Worker. Length 2 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous; the head heart-shaped; the eyes black, the flagellum fusco-ferruginous with the basal joints pale; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax narrow, deeply strangulated at the base of the metathorax. Abdomen more or less fuscous, the node of the petiole narrow and pointed above; the entire insect is smooth and shining. Hab. Aru. The worker minor is rather smaller and has the abdomen darker, in all the specimens received, but in other respects agrees with the above., Published as part of Smith, F., 1859, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key., pp. 132-158 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 3 on page 137

9. Pheidole quadrispinosa. Oecodoma quadrispinosa, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. &Sc. 111 (1851); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. xiii. 52 (1854). Hab. India (Malabar)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 174

20. Cryptocerus discocephalus. B.M. Cryptocerus discocephalus, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 222. 23. pl. 20. f. 2 [[worker]]. Hab. Brazil (Villa Nova). (Coll. EL W. Bates.), Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 191

1. Myrmecia gulosa. B.M. Formica gulosa, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 395 [[worker]]; Spec. Ins. i. 494. 34; Ent. Syst. ii. 363. 55. Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 501. 50. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 215. pl. 8. f. 49. Myrmecia gulosa, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 424. 2. Myrmica gulosa, Guer. Voy. Coq. ii. 206. Hab. Australia. The male of this species differs from the other sexes, principally in having the antennae nearly as long as the body, the scape very short, the head compressed, the eyes and ocelli very prominent; it is about the same size as the other sexes., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 143

11. Cryptocerus rimosus. Cryptocerus rimosus, Spin. Mem. Accad. Torino, xiii. 65. 49 [[worker]]. Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser.ii.223.28. Hab. Brazil (Para)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 190

25. Polyrhachis bicolor. B.M. Female. Length 3 1/2 lines.-Head, thorax and scale of the abdomen black; antennae, mandibles, palpi, legs and abdomen rufo-castaneous. Head covered with short cinereous pubescence; the frontal carinae, at the sides of which the antennae are inserted, much elevated; the eyes and ocelli reddish. Thorax ovate, and, as well as the scale of the peduncle, covered with short cinereous pubescence; the prothorax with a short acute spine on each side; there is also a similar spine on each side of the metathorax; the posterior tibiae and tarsi fuscous. Abdomen globose, thinly covered with fine cinereous pile; the scale of the peduncle incrassate, quadrate, and with an acute spine at each of the superior angles, the spines straight and divergent. Hab. Burmah., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 65

4. Atta pallida. B.M. Myrmica pallida, Nyl. Addit. Alt. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 42. 10; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 86 (note). Hab. Messina., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 163

2. Odontomachus cheliferus. Formica chelifera, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 188 [[worker]]. pl. 8. f. 51. Ponera chelifera, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. 128. St. Farg. & Serv. Encycl. Meth. x. 184. 1. Hab. South America. We are acquainted with two species of this genus, O. affinis and O. maxillaris, both of which agree in every respect with Latreille's chelifera, with the exception of the sculpture of the abdomen. Latreille describes the abdomen as having the skin (or surface) very finely striated; we are acquainted with twelve species of the genus, none of which have the slightest trace of striation on the abdomen. Is it not possible that there is an error in the description of chelifera, and that either affinis or maxillaris are identical with it?, Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 77

36. Ponera Australis. B.M. Formica Australis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 393. 16; Ent. Syst. ii. 359. 41; Syst. Piez. 410. 59. Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 497- 33. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 128. Hab. Australia., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 93

4. Ponera maligna. P. capite subquadrato, margine posteriore trans-verso; thorace abdomineque laevigatis, nitidis; mandibulis, antennis tarsisque pallide ferrugineis. Female. Length 5 1 / 2 lines. Jet-black, smooth and shining; the posterior margin of the head transverse, with the lateral angles acute; the clypeus elevated; the head is sprinkled with distant punctures; its anterior margin, the mandibles, and antennae ferruginous; the mandibles porrect, with two or three teeth at their apex and a larger one on their inner margin about one-third of their length from their apex. Thorax oblong-ovate, with a few large scattered shallow punctures; the articulations of the legs and the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen deeply constricted between the first and second segment, the apex rufo-testaceous; the node of the peduncle incrassate, subquadrate, rather widest behind; the entire insect is sprinkled with pale hairs, which are most dense on the abdomen, particularly at its apex. Worker. This sex is rather smaller than the female, is less pubescent, and with fewer punctures; the metathorax narrower than the prothorax, and obtuse behind: the eyes are smaller, and, like those of the female, placed forwards at the sides of the head; the mandibles are similarly toothed; the colouring does not differ. Hab. Celebes; Menado., Published as part of Smith, F., 1861, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo., pp. 36-48 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 6 on pages 44-45

Gen. Heptacondylus, Smith. Head suborbiculate, wider than the thorax; eyes lateral and ovate; stemmata placed in a triangle on the vertex; antenna geniculated, filiform, the scape nearly as long as the flagellum, placed forwards on the head at the base of the clypeus; the flagellum 6-jointed, the joints clavate, except the apical one, which is cylindrical; the labial palpi 3-jointed; the maxillary palpi 3-jointed. Thorax ovate, gibbous; the scutellum very prominent; the metathorax armed with two acute spines (in the females), compressed and strangulated (in the workers). The superior wings with one marginal and one complete submarginal cell, the submarginal cell receiving the recurrent nervure; the superior angle of the discoidal cell touching the costal nervure. Abdomen ovate; the peduncle consisting of two nodes. This is perhaps the most remarkable genus hitherto characterized amongst the Formicidae; it presents one of those anomalies which perplex the naturalist. In the aculeate division of the Hymenoptera, we have felt that there existed in every species certain undeviating and tangible characters, whereby the sex at least might always be discriminated; namely, an additional segment to the abdomen, whereby to distinguish the males, as well as an additional joint to the antennae; the number of joints in the male being thirteen, and twelve in the female. It is true that one or two exceptions have been recorded: thus, the male of Crabro vagus, amongst the fossorial group, has only twelve perceptible joints to the antennae; and amongst the Apidae, the males of the genus Coelioxys have apparently only six segments in the abdomen; in the latter ease, however, a seventh segment is concealed, or retracted, within the sixth segment; and in all probability, in the fossorial insect, a joint is concealed within the apex of the scape. In the present genus we find, however, so wide a departure from the normal condition, that it, stands almost alone, as an exception to the general rule. In the ' Transactions of the Entomological Society,' vol. ii. of the 2nd series, I established a genus (Orectognathus) on characters exhibited in a neuter Ant, the insect having only five joints in the antennae; but as a neuter cannot be fairly considered the perfect condition of a species, I have thought it possible that the discovery of the other sexes might prove that I had been premature in establishing a genus on the imperfect condition of the species. This cannot be urged in the present instance, as both the female and worker are described, and neither of them has more than six joints in the flagellum., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on pages 71-72

4. Myrmica suspiciosa. Jf. rufo-testacea, laevis, tota nitidissima nuda; mandibulis, antennis, pedum articulationibus tarsisque pallescentibus; metathoracis spinis minutissimis. Worker. Length 1 line. Rufo-testaceous and very smooth and shining; the antennae as long as the insect; the flagellum, mandibles, tarsi, and articulations of the legs pale testaceous. The thorax narrowed anteriorly into a short neck, behind which it is dilated, the sides being rounded, the meso- and metathorax narrower and of nearly equal width, the spines of the metathorax minute and slender. The first node of the petiole somewhat wedge-shaped, the second globose, the abdomen very smooth and shining; club of the antennae 3 - jointed. Hab. Aru, I can detect no specific difference between this and Myrmica laevigata, taken by myself in the neighbourhood of London; but it is not uncommonly met with in hothouses, near to which I captured my specimen. I believe M. laevigata is identical with Oecophthora pusilla, the HouseAnt of Madeira., Published as part of Smith, F., 1859, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key., pp. 132-158 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 3 on page 148

11. Myrmecia picta. B.M. Worker. Length 4-5 lines.-Black: the mandibles and face before the insertion of the antennae pale reddish-yellow; the anterior legs entirely, and the intermediate and posterior femora and tibiae ferruginous, the posterior femora more or less dusky; the head and thorax opake, with a thin cinereous pile; the head substriate; the carinae between the antennae extending to the anterior ocellus; the posterior margin of the head emarginate. The first node of the peduncle fusco-ferruginous, subglobose and rugose. Abdomen slightly shining, with a thin cinereous pubescence. Female. Length 5 lines.-Head as in the worker; the meso- and metathorax ferruginous above and at the sides; the legs ferruginous, with the intermediate and posterior coxae black; the posterior femora towards the apex and the base of the tibiae fuscous; the nodes of the petiole ferruginous, the second node fuscous above. Abdomen slightly shining, and thinly covered with cinereous pile and pubescence. Hab. Adelaide. This is a very marked and distinct species; only two specimens have been received., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 146-147

4. Tapinoma gracilescens. B.M. Formica gracilescens, Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 73. Hab. Botanical Gardens at Kew and Paris; Madeira. (Coll. T. V. Wollaston, Esq.), Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 56

17. Ponera versicolor. B.M. Worker. Length 4 1/2 lines.-Black, with purple, violet and green tints in different lights: the head deeply striated longitudinally, the striae terminating at the base of the clypeus, the anterior margin of which is subangular; the mandibles obscurely ferruginous, their inner edge toothed, the teeth being alternately one large and one small, the mandibles finely striated; the eyes ovate, of moderate size, placed laterally about the middle of the head. Thorax in front with deep circular striae, behind which are a few longitudinal ones on the disk; the posterior portion obliquely striated, the apex transversely so; the apical joints of the tarsi and the calcaria ferruginous. The node of the abdomen incrassate, rounded in front and above, and truncated behind, with two short sharp spines on the verge of the truncation, pointing backwards; the first segment with transverse curved striae. Hab. Philippine Islands; Sarawak. In the ' Catalogue of Ants found in Southern India,' by Mr. T. C. Jerdon, a species, Ponera sculpta, is described as having the whole body curiously sculptured, being channelled and grooved in different directions; there are, however, three or four very distinct species, curiously sculptured, and the description of P. sculpta is too general to decide which, if any, of those in the Museum Collection are identical with that species., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 87

Gen. Scolia, Fabr. Div. 1. The anterior wings with two submarginal cells and one recurrent nervure., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on page 88

104. Formica longicornis. Formica longicornis, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 113 [[worker]]. Hab. Senegal., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 31

16. Polyrhachis cleophanes. P. niger, pube argentea vestitus; capite thoraceque rude punctatis, spinis acutis antice et postice armatis; petioli squamula bispinosa; femoribus basi ferrugineis. Worker. Length 3 1 / 4 lines. Black, the abdomen shining; head and thorax coarsely and closely punctured, rugose, and covered with silvery pubescent pile; the prominence on the front of the head, under the sides of which the antennae are inserted, very much elevated; the eyes very prominent; the spines on the thorax in front short, divergent, stout, and acute; those on the metathorax more slender, acute, and curved backwards; the node of the peduncle with acute spines, which curve backwards over the base of the abdomen; the base of the femora more or less ferruginous, sometimes totally black. (Pl. I. fig. 14.) Hab. Celebes (Tondano). This is very probably the worker of P. Vibidia., Published as part of Smith, F., 1861, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo., pp. 36-48 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 6 on page 41

26. Cryptocerus umbraculatus. Cryptocerus umbraculatus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 420. 4 [[worker]]. Klug, Ent. Mon. 210.8. Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. 426. 8. Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii.219.14. Hab. South America., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 192

1. Solenopsis mandibularis. B.M. Solenopsis mandibularis, Westw. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 87. (1841), pl. 2. f. 5 [[worker]]a-5o. Hab. South America., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 178

46. Formica cinerascens. Formica cinerascens, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 353.15 [[queen]]; Syst.Piez. 401. 19. Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 494. 15. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 280. St. Farg. Hym. i. 214. 18. Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sc. (1851) 123; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 106. 38. Hab. India (Tranquebar and the Carnatic)., Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 15

3. Nomia dentata. N. nigra et punctata, facie metathoracisque latericus cinereo-pubescentibus, postscutello medio unidentato. Mas. antennis filiformibus longitudine thoracis. Female. Length 5 lines. Black; head and thorax rather finely punctured; the face covered with short cinereous pubescence; the clypeus naked and much produced, the anterior margin and the tips of the mandibles ferruginous; the cheek with long whitish pubescence. Thorax: the sides of the metathorax, the floccus on the posterior femora and the postscutellum with whitish pubescence, the latter produced in the middle into a blunt tooth; the legs fusco-ferruginous, with the anterior tibiae and apical joints of the tarsi brighter; wings hyaline and iridescent. Abdomen shining and punctured, the apical margins of the two basal segments broadly depressed, and more finely and closely punctured than the rest; the apical margins of the second, third, and fourth segments pale testaceous; the apical margins of the two basal segments narrowly fringed with white pubescence, usually more or less interrupted in the middle. Male. Resembles the female very closely, but has the face much more pubescent; the antennae filiform and longer than the head and thorax; the scutellum armed at its posterior lateral angles with an acute tooth; the metathorax truncate and slightly concave, its base with short longitudinal grooves, the lateral margins fringed with long pubescence. Hab. Aru., Published as part of Smith, F., 1859, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key., pp. 132-158 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 3 on page 133

Genus 5. PLECTROCTENA. Head subquadrate; antennae shorter than the head and thorax; the flagellum clavate, inserted very forward on the face near its anterior margin on each side of a central protuberance, which is advanced over and conceals the clypeus; the anterior margin of the latter widely emarginate; eyes small and ovate, not prominent, situated very forward on the sides of the head near the base of the mandibles; mandibles elongate, very slightly bent and crossing each other, their inner margin with a blunt tooth towards their base; the labial palpi 4-jointed; the maxillary palpi 3- jointed. Thorax oblong; the calcar at the apex of all the tibiae, pectinate within. Abdomen oblong, with a deep strangulation between the first and second segments; the node subglobose. This subgenus of Ponera differs in such remarkable peculiarities, and will not assimilate with any divisional group yet proposed, that it must stand isolated for the present: the form of the mandibles appears to indicate some peculiar economy; the small advanced eyes are also remarkable: the characters, being drawn from a worker ant, will doubtless require hereafter some additions and modifications. The beautiful pectination of the tibial spurs is common to several of the Poneridae, but is sometimes only to be observed on the anterior legs, as in Ectatomma.

4. Polyrhachis defensus. P. niger; capito thoraceque minute verrucatis, thorace spinis duabus longis antice, duabus postice, armato; abdomine opaco ferrugineo-rufo. Worker. Length 3 1/2 lines. Head and thorax black, and coarsely shagreened; the thorax armed with two long stout spines at the angles of the prothorax, and two similar ones at the posterior angles of the metathorax; the scale of the abdomen with two long stout spines diverging and curved backwards. Abdomen globose, of a dull opake rusty-red. Hab. Singapore. Java. Specimens from Java, in the British Museum, have the abdomen black., Published as part of Smith, F., 1857, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace., pp. 42-88 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 2 on pages 59-60

92. Formica trifasciata. Female. Length 4 lines.-Ochraceous, with three fuscous stripes on the thorax, the central one abbreviated; the abdomen fuscous, with the apical margins of the segments ochraceous; the node of the peduncle incrassate, oblong, narrowed and slightly notched at the apex above; the tibiae and tarsi paler than the femora; wings fusco-hyaline, the first submarginal cell elongate, of nearly equal width throughout, very slightly widened at the apex; the second submarginal cell complete, extending to the apex of the wing; the head small, much narrower than the thorax, with the eyes prominent. Hab. Java. (Coll. East India House.), Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 27

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