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Astarteserphus grimaldii sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Holotype. ♀, AMNH LB-AE-137, deposited in the amber collection, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA. Etymology. The specific epithet honors our dear friend and colleague, David A. Grimaldi, for his decades of collaboration, friendship, and breadth of important contributions to the study of living and fossil insects. Diagnosis. As for the genus (vide supra). Locality and horizon. Lebanon: Bcharreh District, Bcharreh Mountains, Lower Cretaceous, A. Estephan coll. Description. ♀: Total body length (as preserved) 1.08 mm; forewing length 0.75 mm, maximum width 0.32 mm (length about 2.34× width). Integument dark brown to black throughout except palpi light brown. Head apparently slightly wider than long (direct frontal view not possible as preserved), integument apparently smooth with dense setigerous punctures, head with abundant, fine, short setae although apparently less abundant on lower face; compound eyes comparatively small, occupying only about 50% of lateral head surface, hirsute, ocular setae about as long as setae of remainder of head, inner ocular margins roughly parallel; malar space elongate, almost as long as compound eye and longer than mandible, with faint indication of malar sulcus at margin; mandible short, triangular, with acute apical tooth, without subapical teeth, upper margin slightly concave; maxillary palpus tetramerous; labial palpus trimerous; clypeus short, half-moon shaped, apical margin straight, width subequal to mandible length; antenna long, apex extending in repose to petiole; antennal toruli separated from clypeal base by about 3× torular diameter; scape short, robust, length 1.7× apical width; pedicel short, length 1.1× apical width and about 0.5× length of scape; flagellomeres I–VII each slightly longer than wide, flagellomeres VIII–X each about as long as wide, flagellomere XI enlarged, length 1.8× its maximum width; flagellomere I longer than pedicel and slightly longer than flagellomeres II–X, flagellomeres II–VII subequal in lengths, flagellomeres VIII–X subequal in lengths; flagellomeres I–VII of subequal widths, flagellomeres VIII–IX of subequal widths and slightly wider than preceding flagellomeres; flagellomere XI slightly wider than all preceding flagellomeres and about as wide as scape; flagellomeres with fine, short, subdecumbent to suberect setae; vertex gently arched above upper tangent of compound eyes, ocelli in small triangle at about upper tangent of compound eyes. Mesosoma longer than high, length 1.5× height; propleura producing a short neck; mesoscutum smooth, with scattered minute punctures, with notauli present as shallow furrows extending to posterior margin of mesoscutum, furrow more deeply impressed in anterior half, notauli simple (not areolate or foveolate), surface of mesoscutum gently arched and tapering anteriorly to meet pronotal posterior margin withoutdefinedanteriordeclivity;mesoscutumwithabundant, short (of similar lengths to ocular setae), fine, suberect, posteriorly sloped setae; mesoscutellum comparatively flat, sculptured as on mesoscutum, length approximately 0.5× mesoscutal length; metanotum not visible as preserved; dorsal surface of propodeum comparatively short, seemingly about as long as mesoscutellum, sculpturing of dorsal surface not visible as preserved, lateral surface apparently finely and irregularly areolate (ridges of individual areolae low); mesepisternum largely smooth with minute punctures although appearing faintly imbricate above; metepisternum as on mesepisternum, without demarcated area of smooth, polished, shiny integument compared to remainder of metepisternal surface. Forewing length about 2.3× maximum width, with venation reduced, with only Sc+R, pterostigma, and r-rs sclerotized, 3Rs nebulous and darkly pigmented, all other veins, inclusive of C, lacking (not even present as spectral veins); pterostigma of modest size, triangular, length about 1.5× depth; r-rs originated at about pterostigmal midlength, length less than pterostigmal width; 3Rs short, straight, forming short marginal cell, apical margin of marginal cell distinctly shorter than pterostigmal length, pterostigmal length 1.8× marginal cell length along anterior wing margin; wing membranes hyaline and clear, with modest abundance of microtrichia, wing margins with marginal microtrichia numerous and short along anterior margin from pterostigma to apex, such setae longer along apex and rounded apex of posterior margin, then shorter again along posterior wing margin, anterior wing margin proximal to pterostigma with scattered, fine setae longer than marginal microtrichia but not as long as apical setae. Hind wing with only Sc+R present, with marginal microtrichia numerous along anterior wing margin, becoming elongate setae at apex and along apical third of posterior margin, then reducing in size again for remaining proximal portion of posterior wing margin. Legs generally slender and with scattered erect to suberect, fine setae, those of tibiae more numerous than femoral setae; tibiae and femora long and slightly widening apically; trochantellus lacking; tibiae about as long as corresponding femora; tibial spur formula 1-2-2, spurs simple, outer metatibial spur distinctly shorter than inner metatibial spur; metafemur slightly swollen medially; basitarsi longer than each remaining tarsomere’s individual lengths, basitarsi about as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres II–IV, basitarsal lengths about 1.4–1.5× corresponding tarsomere V lengths; pretarsal claws simple and thin; arolium present, large. Metasoma with metasomal tergum I and sternum I short, fused, forming short petiole, petiole shorter than metacoxa and visible from above, sculpturing distorted as preserved but apparently longitudinally striate; remaining terga smooth and largely glabrous; terga II–IV fused to form syntergum although two faint furrows run transversely across syntergum likely indicating points of fusion between original terga II, III, and IV; terga V–VII roughly subequal in length, not as high as syntergum, tergum VII shortening in height apically to meet tergum VIII; tergum VIII reduced, shorter than preceding segment and approximately 0.5× as high as base of tergum VII; sterna I–IV seemingly fused; ovipositor sheaths downcurved and gently arched apically, with scattered, long, erect, fine setae ventrally, without evident sculpturing. ♂: Latet.

Astarteserphus gen. nov. Type species. Astarteserphus grimaldii sp. nov. Etymology. The new genus-group name is a combination of the Ancient Greek name for the Near Eastern goddess Ἀστάρτη / Astártē (particularly worshipped among the Phoenicians) and Serphus Schrank (from Ancient Greek σέρΦΟΣ / sérphos, meaning, “small winged insect” and at the time likely referring to gnats), the latter a historical name for Proctotrupes Latreille. The gender of the name is masculine. Diagnosis. As for the subfamily (vide supra).

Astarteserphinae subfam. nov. Type genus. Astarteserphus gen. nov. Diagnosis. The subfamily is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: Females with head broad, slightly wider than long; antennal toruli separated from clypeal base by about 3× torular diameter; scape short; flagellomere XI enlarged; compound eyes short, occupying upper portion of lateral head surface, hirsute, inner ocular margins roughly parallel; malar space elongate, nearly as long as compound eye and longer than mandible; mandible simple, without subapical teeth; maxillary palpus tetramerous; labial palpus trimerous; occipital carina wholly lacking (neither present dorsally nor laterally). Mesoscutum with notauli present as shallow furrows extending to posterior margin of mesoscutum; metepisternum without demarcated smooth polished area. Forewing with only Sc+R, pterostigma, and rrs as sclerotized veins; C absent, thus costal cell open along entire anterior length (marginal cell only closed cell); 3Rs nebulous, short, straight, forming short marginal cell shorter than pterostigma. Metasoma with metasomal tergum I and sternum I short, fused, forming short petiole, petiole visible from above; terga II–IV fused to form syntergum, with two faint furrows running transversely across syntergum indicating points of fusion between original terga II, III, and IV.

Astarteserphus gen. nov. Type species. Astarteserphus grimaldii sp. nov. Etymology. The new genus-group name is a combination of the Ancient Greek name for the Near Eastern goddess Ἀστάρτη / Astártē (particularly worshipped among the Phoenicians) and Serphus Schrank (from Ancient Greek σέρΦΟΣ / sérphos, meaning, “small winged insect” and at the time likely referring to gnats), the latter a historical name for Proctotrupes Latreille. The gender of the name is masculine. Diagnosis. As for the subfamily (vide supra)., Published as part of ENGEL, MICHAEL S., HERHOLD, HOLLISTER W. & BARDEN, PHILLIP, 2022, A proctotrupid wasp in Lebanese Lower Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), pp. 439-444 in Palaeoentomology 5 (5) on page 441, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7333697

Cresogmus grimaldii Rasnitsyn & Kolyada sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6A725B80-1483-4107-88BF-45E9BD135927 Holotype. Female, PIN no. 5620/144, complete but somewhat distorted (laterally compressed and otherwise deformed) insects with integuments degraded, surface sculpture modified and not well visible. Etymology. The species is named to honor David Grimaldi. Diagnosis. As for genus. Locality and horizon. Hukawng Valley, Kachin State, Myanmar; mid-Cretaceous. Description. General color dark fuscous, with antennae, knees, tibiae, tarsi and ovipositor sheaths less dark. Surface sculpture distorted and difficult to reliably describe. Head form somewhat distorted, as preserved longer than high and wide, with eyes rather small, subcircular, weakly convex, in lateral view distant from hind head margin for almost eye length, with two hind ocelli visible distant from all eyes, antennal bases, hind head margin and from each other. Occipital carina low but distinct along all hind head margin visible. Antennal attachments distinctly apart from each other, margined with small ridges medioventrally, distant from both eyes and clypeus. Clypeus rectangular, slightly wider than long, with fore and, partially, lateral sides margined, with fore margin slightly emarginate. Antenna with scape longer than other antennomeres, pedicel hardly visible, flagellum apparently widened apically (unless due to compression); length ratio of antennomeres (very tentatively because of deformation, possibly uneven, and improper position in amber) 1:0.2:0.7:0.7:0.7:0.7:0.7:0.7:0.65:0.55:0.55:0.8. Labrum, if correctly identified, long, wide, with narrow base. Mandible of usual proctotrupine form (short sicklelike with sharp apex). Maxillary palp with five long, narrow segments visible. Pronotum moderately long medially on fore declivity of mesosoma, with spiracle at its surface near to its upper and hind margins, with impressed posterior area with vertical row of several (apparently 5) tubercles and imperfectly visible subvertical crease outlining possible rudiment of netrion (= postspiracular sclerite sensu Rasnitsyn, 1980: 86 and Shcherbakov, 1980; = interpleurite, prepectus sensu Gibson, 1993). Notauli percurrent, wide, with no distinct signs of being transcostate; scutellum long, with prescutellar fossa(e) not well visible; metanotum long, weakly convex in side view, with slit (hidden metapostnotum) delimiting it with propodeum; propodeum evenly, gently arching down to metasomal base, extending behind hind coxal attachment for near half hind coxa length. Propleura not well visible, mesopleuron with transverse groove apparently distinct in hind half and fan-like widened before, apparently with no other gross sculpture; metapleuron apparently longitudinally costate in fore half, propodeal sculpture not clear; distance of mesosomal articulation of hind coxa to that of mid coxa three times that to metasomal articulation. Legs apparently thin (deformed by compression), with tibiae apparently subequal or slightly longer than respective femora, and tarsi apparently so in respect to their tibiae (varying at figures because of deformation and improper position in amber); trochantelli delimited, tibial spurs 1:2:2, each pair of subequal length, basitarsus subequal to three mid tarsomeres combined, tarsomeres 3 and 4 of similar lengths, claw thin, simple, gently curved, arolium slightly longer than claw; fore tibial spur evenly slightly bent, bifid apically; fore basitarsus slightly excised almost over all its length, with row of 13 erect setae of subequal length along excision. Forewings somewhat deformed (particularly left one), with only C, R, 2r-rs and RS behind and shortly before 2r-rs tubular, with only cells c and 3r closed, pterostigma semicircular, with 2r-rs slightly behind its middle, 2r-rs about twice as long as wide, RS before 2r-rs about as long as 2r-rs as tubular, further continuing as nebulous for similar distance; cell 3r as long as pterostigma (0.75× so along wing margin), C extending shortly behind 3r apex. Hind wing with only C+R tubular for distance equal to length of pterostigma and with distinct but colorless section of anal vein near wing midlength, with three hamuli, one (basal) gently bent and two hook-like. Metasoma long, with petiole short but distinct, syntergum taking half of its visible length, following three terga (one elongate, another almost as long as high, third very short in lateral view), all lacking visible sculpture, spiracles, traces of fusion and other important features; ovipositor sheaths evenly wide except apically, strongly, evenly bent down except in basal third, widely rounded apically. Ovipositor extending subapically (a deformation occurring sometimes with encasement in resin as well as with alcohol storage: normally ovipositor protrudes only between apices of sheaths; Townes & Townes, 1981: 8), with apex very thin, sharp, bearing traces of oblique notch. Measurements (in mm, tentative because of deformations). Body length (without antennae and ovipositor) 2.15, head length 0.36, antenna length ca. 1, mesosoma length 0.8, height 0.31, forewing length 1.2, width 0.57, fore femur length 0.3, tibia 0.32, tarsus 0.31, mid femur 0.35, tibia 0.31, tarsus 0.36, hind femur 0.31, tibia 0.44, tarsus 0.33, dorsal length of syntergum and visible free terga 0.61, 0.33, 0.11, 0.02, length of ovipositor sheath 0.23, width at midlength 0.05., Published as part of RASNITSYN, ALEXANDR P., KOLYADA, VIKTOR A., VORONTSOV, DMITRY D. & ÖHM-KÜHNLE, CHRISTOPH, 2022, The first Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera) in Burmese amber, with description of a new genus and species, pp. 445-451 in Palaeoentomology 5 (5) on pages 449-450, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7333709, {"references":["Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 32, 1 - 541. http: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 24336"]}

Astarteserphinae subfam. nov. Type genus. Astarteserphus gen. nov. Diagnosis. The subfamily is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: Females with head broad, slightly wider than long; antennal toruli separated from clypeal base by about 3× torular diameter; scape short; flagellomere XI enlarged; compound eyes short, occupying upper portion of lateral head surface, hirsute, inner ocular margins roughly parallel; malar space elongate, nearly as long as compound eye and longer than mandible; mandible simple, without subapical teeth; maxillary palpus tetramerous; labial palpus trimerous; occipital carina wholly lacking (neither present dorsally nor laterally). Mesoscutum with notauli present as shallow furrows extending to posterior margin of mesoscutum; metepisternum without demarcated smooth polished area. Forewing with only Sc+R, pterostigma, and rrs as sclerotized veins; C absent, thus costal cell open along entire anterior length (marginal cell only closed cell); 3Rs nebulous, short, straight, forming short marginal cell shorter than pterostigma. Metasoma with metasomal tergum I and sternum I short, fused, forming short petiole, petiole visible from above; terga II–IV fused to form syntergum, with two faint furrows running transversely across syntergum indicating points of fusion between original terga II, III, and IV., Published as part of ENGEL, MICHAEL S., HERHOLD, HOLLISTER W. & BARDEN, PHILLIP, 2022, A proctotrupid wasp in Lebanese Lower Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), pp. 439-444 in Palaeoentomology 5 (5) on page 440, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7333697

Key to subfamilies and tribes of Proctotrupidae 1. Forewing with 3Rs typically short to of modest length, forming short marginal cell, marginal cell along anterior wing margin typically shorter than pterostigma, if as long as pterostigma, then pterostigma comparatively narrow and distinctly less than 1.75× width of costal cell; sclerotized spot (medial sclerite) absent; preoccipital carina present (either complete or present only dorsally) or absent; ovipositor decidedly downcurved; syntergum at most with setae laterally, lateral margins short largely or entirely covering synsternum..........................................................................2 –. Forewing with 3Rs elongate, forming long marginal cell, marginal cell along anterior wing margin about as long as pterostigma, which itself is large, about 2× width of costal cell; sclerotized spot (medial sclerite) present at juncture of where M+Cu and 1M would meet; preoccipital carina scarcely evident; ovipositor not downcurved, projecting caudally in line with longitudinal axis of metasoma; syntergum hirsute, with lateral margins short and thus exposing synsternum [type genus: Heloriserphus Masner; couplet serves as diagnosis].............. Heloriserphinae subfam. nov. 2(1). Forewing C present, at least as pigmented trace, enclosing distinct costal cell; preoccipital carina present, at least dorsally if not fully; notauli typically absent or if present, then incomplete, faint, or represented by anterolateral pits or depressions.............................................................................3 –. Forewing C wholly absent, thus costal cell open along entire anterior margin; preoccipital carina absent, area wholly rounded; notauli present and complete [type genus: Astarteserphes gen. nov.]............. Astarteserphinae subfam. nov. 3(2). Forewing without M+Cu and 1A; scape without dorsoapical spine or process [Proctotrupinae Latreille]...................4 –. Forewing with M+Cu and 1A present as distinct nebulous veins; scape with distinct dorsoapical spine or process [type genus: Austroserphus Dodd]..........Austroserphinae Kozlov 4(3). Forewing 2Rs absent or present as short tubular or nebulous stub; preoccipital carina typically complete, extending laterally; notauli variable, but absent to virtually absent aside from pits or shallow grooves; metepisternum typically with smooth, polished area of integument of variable size, but sometimes absent; metasoma subsessile or petiolate; ovipositor variable...................................................................5 –. Forewing 2Rs nearly complete as nebulous vein; preoccipital carina present only dorsally; notauli present, typically extending beyond mesoscutal midlength; metepisternum without smooth, polished area of integument; metasoma petiolate; ovipositor long and slender [type genus: Disogmus Förster]............................................ Disogmini Kozlov 5(4). Metepisternum with large area of smooth, polished, and glabrous integument; notauli typically short and represented by anterolateral pits or weakly impressed grooves; metasoma typically subsessile [type genus: Cryptoserphus Kieffer].............................................Cryptoserphini Kozlov –. Metepisternum lacking smooth, glabrous area or, if present, then area small; notauli absent or represented by broadly shallow impressions but never as grooves; metasoma petiolate [type genus: Proctotrupes Latreille]................................................Proctotrupini Latreille, Published as part of ENGEL, MICHAEL S., HERHOLD, HOLLISTER W. & BARDEN, PHILLIP, 2022, A proctotrupid wasp in Lebanese Lower Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), pp. 439-444 in Palaeoentomology 5 (5) on page 440, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7333697

Astarteserphus grimaldii sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Holotype. ♀, AMNH LB-AE-137, deposited in the amber collection, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA. Etymology. The specific epithet honors our dear friend and colleague, David A. Grimaldi, for his decades of collaboration, friendship, and breadth of important contributions to the study of living and fossil insects. Diagnosis. As for the genus (vide supra). Locality and horizon. Lebanon: Bcharreh District, Bcharreh Mountains, Lower Cretaceous, A. Estephan coll. Description. ♀: Total body length (as preserved) 1.08 mm; forewing length 0.75 mm, maximum width 0.32 mm (length about 2.34× width). Integument dark brown to black throughout except palpi light brown. Head apparently slightly wider than long (direct frontal view not possible as preserved), integument apparently smooth with dense setigerous punctures, head with abundant, fine, short setae although apparently less abundant on lower face; compound eyes comparatively small, occupying only about 50% of lateral head surface, hirsute, ocular setae about as long as setae of remainder of head, inner ocular margins roughly parallel; malar space elongate, almost as long as compound eye and longer than mandible, with faint indication of malar sulcus at margin; mandible short, triangular, with acute apical tooth, without subapical teeth, upper margin slightly concave; maxillary palpus tetramerous; labial palpus trimerous; clypeus short, half-moon shaped, apical margin straight, width subequal to mandible length; antenna long, apex extending in repose to petiole; antennal toruli separated from clypeal base by about 3× torular diameter; scape short, robust, length 1.7× apical width; pedicel short, length 1.1× apical width and about 0.5× length of scape; flagellomeres I–VII each slightly longer than wide, flagellomeres VIII–X each about as long as wide, flagellomere XI enlarged, length 1.8× its maximum width; flagellomere I longer than pedicel and slightly longer than flagellomeres II–X, flagellomeres II–VII subequal in lengths, flagellomeres VIII–X subequal in lengths; flagellomeres I–VII of subequal widths, flagellomeres VIII–IX of subequal widths and slightly wider than preceding flagellomeres; flagellomere XI slightly wider than all preceding flagellomeres and about as wide as scape; flagellomeres with fine, short, subdecumbent to suberect setae; vertex gently arched above upper tangent of compound eyes, ocelli in small triangle at about upper tangent of compound eyes. Mesosoma longer than high, length 1.5× height; propleura producing a short neck; mesoscutum smooth, with scattered minute punctures, with notauli present as shallow furrows extending to posterior margin of mesoscutum, furrow more deeply impressed in anterior half, notauli simple (not areolate or foveolate), surface of mesoscutum gently arched and tapering anteriorly to meet pronotal posterior margin withoutdefinedanteriordeclivity;mesoscutumwithabundant, short (of similar lengths to ocular setae), fine, suberect, posteriorly sloped setae; mesoscutellum comparatively flat, sculptured as on mesoscutum, length approximately 0.5× mesoscutal length; metanotum not visible as preserved; dorsal surface of propodeum comparatively short, seemingly about as long as mesoscutellum, sculpturing of dorsal surface not visible as preserved, lateral surface apparently finely and irregularly areolate (ridges of individual areolae low); mesepisternum largely smooth with minute punctures although appearing faintly imbricate above; metepisternum as on mesepisternum, without demarcated area of smooth, polished, shiny integument compared to remainder of metepisternal surface. Forewing length about 2.3× maximum width, with venation reduced, with only Sc+R, pterostigma, and r-rs sclerotized, 3Rs nebulous and darkly pigmented, all other veins, inclusive of C, lacking (not even present as spectral veins); pterostigma of modest size, triangular, length about 1.5× depth; r-rs originated at about pterostigmal midlength, length less than pterostigmal width; 3Rs short, straight, forming short marginal cell, apical margin of marginal cell distinctly shorter than pterostigmal length, pterostigmal length 1.8× marginal cell length along anterior wing margin; wing membranes hyaline and clear, with modest abundance of microtrichia, wing margins with marginal microtrichia numerous and short along anterior margin from pterostigma to apex, such setae longer along apex and rounded apex of posterior margin, then shorter again along posterior wing margin, anterior wing margin proximal to pterostigma with scattered, fine setae longer than marginal microtrichia but not as long as apical setae. Hind wing with only Sc+R present, with marginal microtrichia numerous along anterior wing margin, becoming elongate setae at apex and along apical third of posterior margin, then reducing in size again for remaining proximal portion of posterior wing margin. Legs generally slender and with scattered erect to suberect, fine setae, those of tibiae more numerous than femoral setae; tibiae and femora long and slightly widening apically; trochantellus lacking; tibiae about as long as corresponding femora; tibial spur formula 1-2-2, spurs simple, outer metatibial spur distinctly shorter than inner metatibial spur; metafemur slightly swollen medially; basitarsi longer than each remaining tarsomere’s individual lengths, basitarsi about as long as combined lengths of tarsomeres II–IV, basitarsal lengths about 1.4–1.5× corresponding tarsomere V lengths; pretarsal claws simple and thin; arolium present, large. Metasoma with metasomal tergum I and sternum I short, fused, forming short petiole, petiole shorter than metacoxa and visible from above, sculpturing distorted as preserved but apparently longitudinally striate; remaining terga smooth and largely glabrous; terga II–IV fused to form syntergum although two faint furrows run transversely across syntergum likely indicating points of fusion between original terga II, III, and IV; terga V–VII roughly subequal in length, not as high as syntergum, tergum VII shortening in height apically to meet tergum VIII; tergum VIII reduced, shorter than preceding segment and approximately 0.5× as high as base of tergum VII; sterna I–IV seemingly fused; ovipositor sheaths downcurved and gently arched apically, with scattered, long, erect, fine setae ventrally, without evident sculpturing. ♂: Latet., Published as part of ENGEL, MICHAEL S., HERHOLD, HOLLISTER W. & BARDEN, PHILLIP, 2022, A proctotrupid wasp in Lebanese Lower Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), pp. 439-444 in Palaeoentomology 5 (5) on pages 441-442, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7333697

Abe, Junta, Kolyada, Victor (2021): First record of the genus Phoxoserphus Lin, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) from Japan. Zootaxa 5057 (4): 597-600, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5057.4.10

Phoxoserphus chikoi Lin, 1988 (Figs. 2–7) Phoxoserphus chikoi Lin, 1988: 22. Holotype: female, Sungkang (Taiwan) (TARI) Diagnosis. Female. Body, including pronotal plate, sparsely haired; in front view, pronotal corner distinctly projecting; in lateral view, upper anterior margin with short, straight carina, and with pit just low end; scrobe smooth; its upper part with few scattered hairs (Fig. 3). Ovipositor sheath about 0.66 times as long as hind tibia, and about 7.7 times as long as width at midpoint (Fig. 5). Male. Similar to female, but flagellomeres with long erect hairs; tyloids small, circular, found on segments 2–8. Distribution. Palaearctic Region: Japan, new record (Kyushu and Ryukyus); Oriental Region: Taiwan. Host. Unknown. Specimen examined. Type material. Paratypes, Taiwan: 1♂ 1♀ (CNCI). Non-type material. Japan: [Kyushu] Fukuoka Pref., 1♀, Fukuoka-shi, Mt. Tachibana, 21 IV 1977, K. Konishi (NIAES); Fukuoka C., Mt. Tachibana: pond, YPT, 31 XII 1993, H. Honda (ELKU); 1♀, Fukuoka C., Mt. Tachibana: 2nd forest, YPT, 15 I 1994, H. Honda (ELKU); 1♀, Nishi-ku, Motooka, 15 IV 2019, J. Abe leg. (ELKU); 1♀, Fukuoka-shi, Nishi-ku, Myôbaru, Kanetsuki-yama, 33.563N, 130.265E, 200 m, 7 IV 2020, K. Nishiya leg. (ELKU); 2♂ 3♀, Itoshima-shi, Iwara-yama, An-no-taki, 33.483N, 130.254E, 500 m, 14 IV 2020, K. Nishiya leg. (ELKU); 1♀, Iizuka City, Ae, 33.5644ºN, 130.6427ºE, 2 I 2020, Yu Hisasue leg. (ELKU); 1♂ 1♀, Itoshima-shi, Zuibaiji, Mt. Iwara, alt. 250 m, 33.495ºN, 130.250ºE, YP-FIT, 3–6 IV 2021, T. Hashizume leg. (ELKU); 1♂, Itoshima-shi, Zuibaiji, Mt. Iwara, 33.487ºN, 130.252ºE, alt. 380 m, 8 IV 2021, J. Abe leg. (ELKU); 1♂ 1♀, same locality data, 10 IV 2021, J. Abe leg. (ELKU); 2♂ 1♀, same locality data, 14 IV 2021, J. Abe leg. (ELKU). Nagasaki Pref., 2♂, Nagasaki C., Suwa shrine, TF, 21 I 1984, S. Nomura (ELKU). [Ryukyus] Kagoshima Pref., 1♀, Is. Yaku-shima, Hinokuchi, 27–30 III 1971, K. Yamagishi leg. (ELMU); 2♀, Kagoshima Pref., Is. Yaku-shima, Miyanoura, 5–6 IV 1971, K. Yamagishi leg. (ELMU). Remarks. According to Lin (1988), all paratypes should have been deposited in TARI. However, we found that some of the paratypes are stored at CNCI. Although the label data are incomplete, we have examined one male and one female paratypes. According to Lin (1988), Ph. chikoi has numerous grooves at the base of the syntergite: a median groove and five grooves on each sides of it. However, the number of these grooves sometimes vary in Japanese specimens. One of these grooves is incomplete or lacking in some specimens (Fig. 7). The type series was collected in the alpine zone at altitudes of 2150–2560 m, but the specimens treated intreated in this paper were collected in the plains (Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan) and in the low altitude zone at altitudes about 200–500 m from Japan. The Taiwanese samples werewere collected between April to December, while the Japanese ones were collected between December to April., Published as part of Abe, Junta & Kolyada, Victor, 2021, First record of the genus Phoxoserphus Lin, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) from Japan, pp. 597-600 in Zootaxa 5057 (4) on pages 598-599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5057.4.10, http://zenodo.org/record/5598797, {"references":["Lin, K. S. (1988) Two new genera of Serphidae from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Serphoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 41 (1), 15 - 33. http: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 24337"]}

Genus Phoxoserphus Lin Phoxoserphus Lin, 1988: 20 (type species: Phoxoserphus chikoi Lin, 1988 by original designation) Diagnosis. Mandible sharpened apically and with a small subapical tooth on the upper edge. Mesopleuron with horizontal groove (Fig. 3). Metapleuron with large smooth area; its upper anterior part without carina (Fig. 4). Anterior margin of radial cell of forewing about 1.6 to 1.8 times as width of stigma; basal length of radial vein longer than its width. The longest spur of hind tibia about 0.4 times as long as hind basitarsus. This genus similar to Cryptoserphus Kieffer, 1907 and Tretoserphus Townes 1981. Differences between the genera due to the following characters: the anterior margin of the radial cell of the forewing about 1.6 to 1.8 times as long as the width of the stigma (similar in Cryptoserphus and Tretoserphus); the mandible with a small subapical tooth on the upper edge (similar in Tretoserphus and sometimes Cryptoserphus); the longer spur of the hind tibia about 0.4 times as long as the hind basitarsus (0.5–0.8 times in Cryptoserphus and about 0.4 times in Tretoserphus); the carina on the upper anterior part of the metapleuron lacking (absent in Cryptoserphus and present as a fine short carina in Tretoserphus). Distribution. Palaearctic Region: Japan, new record (Kyushu and Ryukyus); Oriental Region: Taiwan. Host. Unknown.

Austrocodrusgladiogeminussp. n. is described from southernmost South America. It is a member of the primitive subfamily Austroserphinae (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae), which is distributed in Oceania and South America, and is characterized from other Austrocodrus species by its relatively larger body size, the presence of long and sword-shaped ovipositor sheaths, M arising very close and distal to 1cu-a, and Cu and m-cu joining at a distance equivalent to the length of 2cu-a. We consider this species to be a Gondwanan relict. It has southernmost distribution of any proctotrupid.

Key to species of Trachyserphus 1 Area between antennal sockets strongly convex. Occipital carina developed in its upper part as high collar (Figs 2 E, 2F). Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.7 basitarsus length (Fig. 2 M). Fore wing basally with well expressed sclerotized medio-cubital crossvein (Fig. 2 N).................................................................. T. segregatus (Townes) - Area between antennal sockets weakly convex or flat (Figs 3 E, 4H). Occipital carina less developed (Fig. 4 I). Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.5 basitarsus length (Figs 3 J, 4M). Medio-cubital crossvein at fore wing base unsclerotized (Fig. 3 H)... 2 2 Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 1.1× less than distance to lower edge of antennal socket (Fig. 4 G). Mesoscutum posteriorly with noticeable depressions (Fig. 4 D)................................. T. masneri sp. n. - Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 1.3× less than distance to lower edge of antennal socket (Fig. 3 D). Mesoscutum posteriorly without noticeable depressions (Fig. 3 C)........................... T. defrictus (Townes)

Trachyserphus defrictus (Townes in Townes & Townes, 1981), comb. n. (Figs 3 A���J) Sminthoserphus defrictus Townes in Townes & Townes, 1981: 57 (male). Redescription. Male: Fore wing length 3.1 mm. Frons sparsely pilose, entire head except for frons finely punctate. Area between antennal sockets weakly convex, slightly pointed. Distance between antennal sockets 1.2 times as great as their diameter. Occipital carina present, not reaching oral carina for about 0.3 of its lower part. Сlypeus flat, wide and short, its apex broadly truncate. Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 0.8 of distance to lower edge of antennal socket. Labrum gently rounded apically. Mandible moderately stout, with a single point. Gena high, 0.38 eye height. Antenna long, filiform; 3rd antennomere 3 times as long as broad; flagellomeres with no noticeable tyloids. Eye bare. Notauli narrow, devoid of coarse sculpture basally, reaching mid mesoscutum as shallow depressions. Mesoscutum posteriorly without noticeable depressions. Humeral tubercle well developed, broadly rounded, with neither keels nor wrinkles. Pronotal scrobe with coarse vertical wrinkles. Speculum without fan of developed keels in upper anterior part. Horizontal mesopleural groove deep and wide. Vertical mesopleural suture entirely foveate, large, below with group of diverging coarse wrinkles. Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.5 basitarsus length. Propodeum with coarse reticulation and long rather dense setae, dorsally with two large lateral areas separated by weakly reticulated keel. Metapleuron laterally with shiny bare area occupying about half of its surface; the area with shallow but distinct groove in its upper part. Stigma deep, trapezoid. Fore wing basally with indistinct medio-cubital crossvein. Syntergite base with small longitudinal groove. First pair of tyridia elongate, slightly longer than longitudinal groove at base of syntergite. Colour: Body black, shining; legs entirely yellow. Stigma light brown. Female: Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Mexico: Durango, El Salto [23��47'N 105��22'W], 9000 ft, 1.vii.1964, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI). Distribution. Mexico. Remarks. Sminthоserphus defrictus Townes, 1981 was placed in the South American Sminthоserphus on the basis of its superficial similarity to other members of the genus. Scrutiny of S. defrictus characters has proved that the species does not belong to Sminthоserphus and should be included in the new genus Trachyserphus. The edges of the syntergite in S. defrictus are broadly overlapping ventrally along its posterior third, whereas species of Sminthоserphus are characterized by non-overlapping syntergite edges that leave a wide portion of the synsternite visible., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor & Mostovski, Mike B., 2017, Revision of the genus Hormoserphus Townes, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), with description of Trachyserphus gen. n. and a new species, pp. 575-583 in Zootaxa 4254 (5) on pages 579-581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/556301, {"references":["Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 32, 1 - 541."]}

Trachyserphus segregatus (Townes in Townes & Townes, 1981), comb. n. (Figs 2 A���N) Hormoserphus segregatus Townes in Townes & Townes, 1981: 115 (female). Hormoserphus chinensis He & Fan, 1991: 220 (male), syn. n. Hormoserphus striatus He & Xu, 2015: 203 (male), syn. n. Redescription. Female: Fore wing length 3.7 mm. Entire frons densely pilose, entire face finely punctate. Area between antennal sockets strongly convex, weakly pointed. Distance between antennal sockets 2 times greater than their diameter. Occipital carina developed in its upper part as high collar, not reaching oral carina for approx. 0.3 length of its lower part. Сlypeus flat, wide and short, its apex broadly truncate. Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 1.3 times less than distance to lower edge of antennal socket. Labrum evenly rounded apically. Mandible moderately stout, unidentate. Gena very short. Antenna long, filiform; 3rd antennomere 4 times as long as wide. Eye bare. Notauli wide and coarse at base, reaching mid mesoscutum as shallow excavations. Mesoscutum posteriorly without noticeable depressions. Humeral tubercle very well developed, broadly rounded, with neither keels nor wrinkles. Pronotal scrobe with coarse vertical wrinkles. Speculum with fan of developed keels in upper anterior part. Horizontal mesopleural groove deep and wide. Mesepimeral sulcus entirely foveate, large, in lower part with group of diverging coarse wrinkles. Metapleuron laterally with shiny bare area occupying about one third of its surface; the area with shallow indistinct groove in its upper part. Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.7 basitarsus length. Propodeum with coarse reticulation and dense, long setae, dorsally with two large lateral areas separated by weakly reticulated keel. Stigma deep, trapezoid. Fore wing basally with well expressed sclerotized medio-cubital crossvein. Syntergite base with small longitudinal groove. First pair of tyridia elongate, approximately as long as longitudinal groove at base of syntergite. Ovipositor sheath broad and short, 0.3 times as long as hind tibia; sheath surface neither punctate nor striated and also devoid of setae save for small tuft near apex. Colour: Entire body black, shining; legs except for coxae and trochanters light to dark brown. Stigma dark brown. Male: Differs from female in having smaller and apically evenly rounded convexity in lower part of face (Figs 2 E, F). Flagellomeres without noticeable tyloids; 3rd antennomere 3 times as long as wide. Type material examined. Holotype ♀ (CNCI No. 17159): Nepal: Katmandu, Godavari [27��35'N 85��24'E], 6000 ft, 23���26.vii.1967, Mal[aise]. Tr[ap]., Can[adian]. Exp[edition]. Other material examined. PR China: ♂ Sichuan, 20 km E Maerkang, Qionglai Shan [31��30'N 102��30'E], 2656 m, 3.viii.2002, S.A. Cameron & J.B. Whitfield. Taiwan: ♀ Taichung Hsien, Anmashan [24��15'N 120��54'E], 2225 m, 2.v.1990, A. Smetana. Vietnam: Tam Dao N.P., Tam Dao env., 21��27'38"N 105��38'28"E, 900���1200 m, 13���26.vi.2011, E. Jendek (CNCI). Distribution. South and South-East Asia (Nepal, southern China, Taiwan and Vietnam). Remarks. Hormoserphus chinensis He & Fan, 1991 and Hormoserphus striatus He & Xu, 2015, were described from the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in southern China. The authors provided good quality photographs of the holotypes of both species, as well as thorough original descriptions and comparisons. Minor differences indicated by the authors of these species, the shape of the smooth area on the metapleuron and the degree of striation on the mesopleuron, are treated by us as intraspecific variation. This prompted synonymy of Н. chinensis and H. striatus under T. segregatus., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor & Mostovski, Mike B., 2017, Revision of the genus Hormoserphus Townes, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), with description of Trachyserphus gen. n. and a new species, pp. 575-583 in Zootaxa 4254 (5) on page 578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/556301, {"references":["Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 32, 1 - 541.","He, J. & Fan, J. (1991) New species and new records of Cryptoserphini from China (Hymenoptera, Serphoidea, Serphidae). Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Zhejiangensis, 17 (2), 218 - 225.","He, J. & Xu, Z. (2015) Fauna Sinica. Insecta Lol. 56. Hymenoptera Proctotrupoidea (I). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1 - 1034."]}

Key to species of Trachyserphus 1 Area between antennal sockets strongly convex. Occipital carina developed in its upper part as high collar (Figs 2 E, 2F). Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.7 basitarsus length (Fig. 2 M). Fore wing basally with well expressed sclerotized medio-cubital crossvein (Fig. 2 N).................................................................. T. segregatus (Townes) - Area between antennal sockets weakly convex or flat (Figs 3 E, 4H). Occipital carina less developed (Fig. 4 I). Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.5 basitarsus length (Figs 3 J, 4M). Medio-cubital crossvein at fore wing base unsclerotized (Fig. 3 H)... 2 2 Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 1.1�� less than distance to lower edge of antennal socket (Fig. 4 G). Mesoscutum posteriorly with noticeable depressions (Fig. 4 D)................................. T. masneri sp. n. - Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 1.3�� less than distance to lower edge of antennal socket (Fig. 3 D). Mesoscutum posteriorly without noticeable depressions (Fig. 3 C)........................... T. defrictus (Townes), Published as part of Kolyada, Victor & Mostovski, Mike B., 2017, Revision of the genus Hormoserphus Townes, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), with description of Trachyserphus gen. n. and a new species, pp. 575-583 in Zootaxa 4254 (5) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/556301

Trachyserphus masneri Kolyada, sp. n. (Figs 4 A���O) LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78102765-7CDE-4C31-AAF2-0B5F8F1D78DE Etymology. The species is named in honour of a world renowned hymenopterist Lubomir Masner. Description. Female: Fore wing length 3.8 mm. Frons sparsely pilose, entire face except for frons finely punctate. Area between antennal sockets flat. Distance between antennal sockets equal to their diameter. Occipital carina developed as transverse bolster with faint wrinkles laterally and disappears far from oral carina. Clypeus flat and narrowed, with broadly truncate apex. Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 0.9 of distance to lower edge of antennal socket. Labrum gently rounded apically. Mandible shortened and thickened basally, with a single point. Gena high, 0.5 eye height, with developed malar sulcus. Antenna long, filiform; 3rd antennomere 4 times as long as broad. Eye bare. Notauli narrow, with faint wrinkles basally, reaching mid mesoscutum as shallow depressions. Mesoscutum posteriorly with noticeable depressions. Humeral tubercle well developed, broadly rounded, with neither keels nor wrinkles. Pronotal scrobe with coarse vertical wrinkles. Epomia weak. Speculum anteriorly with fan of developed keels. Horizontal mesopleural groove deep and wide, reticulated inside. Vertical mesopleural suture entirely foveate, large, below with group of diverging coarse wrinkles. Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.5 basitarsus length. Propodeum with coarse reticulation and long sparse setae, dorsally with two large lateral areas separated by coarsely reticulated keel. Metapleuron laterally with shiny bare area occupying about two thirds of its surface; the area with deep reticulated suture in its upper part. Stigma shallow, trapezoid. Fore wing basally with indistinct medio-cubital crossvein. Syntergite base with no longitudinal groove. First pair of tyridia elongate, 6 times as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath narrow, with moderately tapered and curved apex, 0.5 times as long as hind tibia; sheath surface punctate with no longitudinal wrinkles. Colour: Entire body including legs black, shining. Stigma dark brown. Male: Similar to female, except for having flagellomeres with no noticeable tyloids and 3rd antennomere 3.6 times as long as broad. Type material. Holotype ♀: Chile: Cautin, N.P. Conquillio [38��40'S 71��39'W], 1150 m, 4.ii.1988, yellow pan trap, Araucaria ��� Nothofagus forest, L. Masner (CNCI). Paratypes: 31♀ 4♂ same data as holotype; Chile: 2♀ Osorno, N.P. Puyehue [40��38'S 72��00'W], 1250 m, Argent[inian]. border, 13.ii.1988, L. Masner (CNCI). Distribution. Central Chile., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor & Mostovski, Mike B., 2017, Revision of the genus Hormoserphus Townes, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), with description of Trachyserphus gen. n. and a new species, pp. 575-583 in Zootaxa 4254 (5) on page 581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/556301

Trachyserphus defrictus (Townes in Townes & Townes, 1981), comb. n. (Figs 3 A–J) Sminthoserphus defrictus Townes in Townes & Townes, 1981: 57 (male). Redescription. Male: Fore wing length 3.1 mm. Frons sparsely pilose, entire head except for frons finely punctate. Area between antennal sockets weakly convex, slightly pointed. Distance between antennal sockets 1.2 times as great as their diameter. Occipital carina present, not reaching oral carina for about 0.3 of its lower part. Сlypeus flat, wide and short, its apex broadly truncate. Distance from lower edge of clypeus to centre of tentorial pit 0.8 of distance to lower edge of antennal socket. Labrum gently rounded apically. Mandible moderately stout, with a single point. Gena high, 0.38 eye height. Antenna long, filiform; 3rd antennomere 3 times as long as broad; flagellomeres with no noticeable tyloids. Eye bare. Notauli narrow, devoid of coarse sculpture basally, reaching mid mesoscutum as shallow depressions. Mesoscutum posteriorly without noticeable depressions. Humeral tubercle well developed, broadly rounded, with neither keels nor wrinkles. Pronotal scrobe with coarse vertical wrinkles. Speculum without fan of developed keels in upper anterior part. Horizontal mesopleural groove deep and wide. Vertical mesopleural suture entirely foveate, large, below with group of diverging coarse wrinkles. Longer spur of hind tibia reaching 0.5 basitarsus length. Propodeum with coarse reticulation and long rather dense setae, dorsally with two large lateral areas separated by weakly reticulated keel. Metapleuron laterally with shiny bare area occupying about half of its surface; the area with shallow but distinct groove in its upper part. Stigma deep, trapezoid. Fore wing basally with indistinct medio-cubital crossvein. Syntergite base with small longitudinal groove. First pair of tyridia elongate, slightly longer than longitudinal groove at base of syntergite. Colour: Body black, shining; legs entirely yellow. Stigma light brown. Female: Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Mexico: Durango, El Salto [23°47'N 105°22'W], 9000 ft, 1.vii.1964, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI). Distribution. Mexico. Remarks. Sminthоserphus defrictus Townes, 1981 was placed in the South American Sminthоserphus on the basis of its superficial similarity to other members of the genus. Scrutiny of S. defrictus characters has proved that the species does not belong to Sminthоserphus and should be included in the new genus Trachyserphus. The edges of the syntergite in S. defrictus are broadly overlapping ventrally along its posterior third, whereas species of Sminthоserphus are characterized by non-overlapping syntergite edges that leave a wide portion of the synsternite visible.

Genus Oxyserphus Masner, 1961 Hormoserphus Townes, 1981, syn. n. (Type species: Proctotrupes clypeatus Ashmead, 1893). Type species. Proctotrupes maculipennis Cameron, 1888; by original designation. Remarks. Hormoserphus was established by H. Townes (Townes & Townes 1981) for the North American species Proctotrupes clypeatus Ashmead, 1893 (type species, Fig. 1 C), as well as for Hormoserphus segregatus from Nepal that was described in the same work from a single female mistaken for male. The type species possesses a combination of key features characteristic for members of the genus Oxyserphus: a strong margin of the clypeus is bordered by one or more longitudinal keels; the pterostigma has a short r���rs; and the mandibles are bidentate (Fig. 1 B). Thus, Hormoserphus becomes a junior subjective synonym of Oxyserphus, and a new combination Oxyserphus clypeatus (Ashmead, 1893), comb. n. is established herein. Henry Townes (Townes & Townes 1981: 114) also mentioned another species��� Hormoserphus transgressus ��� in the diagnosis of the genus Hormoserphus, stating that ���in H. transgressus the upper face of tubercle with wrinkling and a marginal carina���. It is unclear what his intention was, since this species was mentioned neither in his key to the species of Hormoserphus nor anywhere else in the book. Nevertheless, the name Hormoserphus transgressus is technically valid, for its publication meets requirements of the Code (ICZN 1999). However, the mentioned characters���the upper face of the tubercle with wrinkling and a marginal carina���might refer only to clypeatus within the Townes���s concept of Hormoserphus. Thus, we propose treating H. transgressus as a junior synonym of Oxyserphus clypeatus (Ashmead, 1893)., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor & Mostovski, Mike B., 2017, Revision of the genus Hormoserphus Townes, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), with description of Trachyserphus gen. n. and a new species, pp. 575-583 in Zootaxa 4254 (5) on page 576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/556301, {"references":["Masner, L. (1961) Proctotrupidae. Key to the genera of the world (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea). Parc National de l'Upemba - Mission G. F. De Witte 194 6 - 1949, 60 (4), 37 - 47.","Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 32, 1 - 541."]}

Kolyada, Victor, Mostovski, Mike B. (2017): Revision of the genus Hormoserphus Townes, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), with description of Trachyserphus gen. n. and a new species. Zootaxa 4254 (5): 575-583, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.6

Kolyada, V.A. (2017): List of the North American species of the genus Brachyserphus (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae) with notes on distribution and synonymy. Far Eastern Entomologist 344 (344): 10-17, DOI: 10.25221/fee.344.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.344.3

Tropidopria pallida Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894: 249, 250. Valid name Trichopria pallida (Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894). Summary of types Syntypes 10 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂. Primary type data St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntypes 5♀♀, ♂). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 158; Tropidopria / pallida/ ♀ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♀). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 158; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntypes 2♀♀). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 201; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♀). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 6; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♀). May; St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith; Tropidopria / pallida/ ♂ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♂). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 73; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♂). Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks This species was described from twelve females and six males, of which ten females and three males were found. The three females labelled “158” are mounted on card points, two are entire and one is missing the antennal tips; female syntype labelled “201” is mounted on a card point, and is missing the antennal tips; five remaining female syntypes are glued to micropins, four are entire and one is missing its head; male syntype labelled “May” is glued to a micropin and is entire; male syntype labelled “73” is mounted on a card point and is entire; third male is glued to a micropin and is missing its front legs., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773, {"references":["Riley C. V., Ashmead W. H. & Howard L. O. 1894. Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent. Journal of the Linnean Society 25 (159 - 160): 56 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1894. tb 00982. x"]}

Tropidopria nigriceps Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894: 249, 250. Valid name Trichopria nigriceps (Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894) comb. nov. Summary of types Syntypes 3 ♂♂. Primary type data 1500 feet; St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith; Tropidopria / nigriceps/ ♂ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♂). 1000 feet; St Vincent/ W.I./ H.H. Smith; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♂). St Vincent/ W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 158; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♂). Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks This species was described from a female and four males. The three male syntypes agree well with the description except that the scutellum is weakly to obscurely carinate; however, there is the superficial appearance of a strong carina because the cuticle is transparent so that a dark gap between the internal scutellar muscle blocks is visible in the place where a carina might be, so probably Ashmead misinterpreted this character and this should not exclude these males from the type series. One additional female standing over this name is not considered syntypic as it disagrees with the description in several points, most notably the antennal club which is sub-four-segmented and has the apical four segments darkened. The syntype labelled “ 1500 feet ” is glued on a micropin and the left and right fore legs and left mid leg are missing. The syntype labelled “ 1000 feet ” is glued on a micropin and both antennae are missing beyond a4. The syntype numbered “158” is mounted on a card point, with the right antenna missing beyond a3 and the right hind leg missing. The new combination Trichopria nigriceps (Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894) is a senior secondary homonym of Trichopria nigriceps (Kieffer, 1913), so Kieffer’s species is given the new replacement name Trichopria thermarum nom. nov. Thermarum is the genitive plural of therma, Latin for a thermal bath, or hot spring, and refers to the type locality of Los Baños., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773, {"references":["Riley C. V., Ashmead W. H. & Howard L. O. 1894. Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent. Journal of the Linnean Society 25 (159 - 160): 56 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1894. tb 00982. x"]}

Tropidopria triangularis Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894: 249. Valid name Acanthopria triangularis (Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894). Summary of types Lectotype ♂, BMNH number 9.937, selected by Masner (1965). Primary type data St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith; Tropidopria / triangularis/ ♂ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331. Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks The lectotype is glued to a micropin, and is a little faded, with the left antenna missing beyond the scape. This species belongs to Acanthopria Ashmead, 1896 where it was placed by Masner (1965)., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773, {"references":["Riley C. V., Ashmead W. H. & Howard L. O. 1894. Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent. Journal of the Linnean Society 25 (159 - 160): 56 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1894. tb 00982. x","Masner L. 1965. The Types of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the British Museum (Natural History) and in the Hope Department of Entomology, Oxford. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Series, Supplement 1: 1 - 154.","Ashmead W. H. 1896. Report on the parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of Grenada, comprising the families Cynipidae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, and Proctotrypidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (4): 742 - 812."]}

Tropidopsis clavata Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894: 245. Valid name Basalys clavatus (Ashmead, 1893). Summary of types Lectotype ♀, BMNH number 9.916, here designated. Primary type data St. Vincent / W. I./ H. H. Smith/ 230; Tropidopsis / clavatus/ ♀ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331. Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks This species was redescribed in error from the same type series as Tropidopsis clavata Ashmead, 1893 q.v. The lectotype of T. clavata Ashmead, 1893 q.v. is also designated as lectotype of T. clavata Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894 to create objective synonymy. Hence, the condition of the lectotype and generic placement of T. clavata Ashmead, 1984 are the same as for T. clavata Ashmead, 1893., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773, {"references":["Riley C. V., Ashmead W. H. & Howard L. O. 1894. Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent. Journal of the Linnean Society 25 (159 - 160): 56 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1894. tb 00982. x","Ashmead W. H. 1893. A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 45, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 38713"]}

Hemilexodes filiformis Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894: 244. Valid name Entomacis filiformis (Ashmead, 1984). Summary of types Holotype ♂, BMNH number 9.917, by monotypy. Primary type data Leeward side/ St. Vincent, W. I./ H. H. Smith/ 201; W.Indies/ 99-331; Entomacis m/ filiformis Ash. Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks The holotype is mounted on a card point with the left antenna missing beyond scape., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773, {"references":["Riley C. V., Ashmead W. H. & Howard L. O. 1894. Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of St. Vincent. Journal of the Linnean Society 25 (159 - 160): 56 - 254. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1894. tb 00982. x"]}

Tropidopria pallida Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894: 249, 250. Valid name Trichopria pallida (Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894). Summary of types Syntypes 10 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂. Primary type data St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntypes 5♀♀, ♂). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 158; Tropidopria / pallida/ ♀ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♀). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 158; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntypes 2♀♀). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 201; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♀). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 6; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♀). May; St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith; Tropidopria / pallida/ ♂ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♂). St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 73; W.Indies/ 99-331 (syntype ♂). Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks This species was described from twelve females and six males, of which ten females and three males were found. The three females labelled “158” are mounted on card points, two are entire and one is missing the antennal tips; female syntype labelled “201” is mounted on a card point, and is missing the antennal tips; five remaining female syntypes are glued to micropins, four are entire and one is missing its head; male syntype labelled “May” is glued to a micropin and is entire; male syntype labelled “73” is mounted on a card point and is entire; third male is glued to a micropin and is missing its front legs.

Tropidopsis clavata Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894: 245. Valid name Basalys clavatus (Ashmead, 1893). Summary of types Lectotype ♀, BMNH number 9.916, here designated. Primary type data St. Vincent / W. I./ H. H. Smith/ 230; Tropidopsis / clavatus/ ♀ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331. Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks This species was redescribed in error from the same type series as Tropidopsis clavata Ashmead, 1893 q.v. The lectotype of T. clavata Ashmead, 1893 q.v. is also designated as lectotype of T. clavata Ashmead in Riley, Ashmead & Howard, 1894 to create objective synonymy. Hence, the condition of the lectotype and generic placement of T. clavata Ashmead, 1984 are the same as for T. clavata Ashmead, 1893.

Tropidopsis clavata Ashmead, 1893: 402, pl. xvii, figs 2, 2a. Valid name Basalys clavatus (Ashmead, 1893). Summary of types Lectotype ♀, BMNH number 9.916. Lectotype here designated. Primary type data St. Vincent / W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 230; Tropidopsis / clavatus/ ♀ Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331. Type locality West Indies, St Vincent. Remarks This species was described from an unspecified number of females and males. Although Ashmead states that the types are in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., only one male syntype is there (Masner & Muesebeck 1968) and a female syntype is in the BMNH. Another specimen in the BMNH was labelled by Ashmead as “ var. ” and is much darker than the description and so is not considered part of the type series. Since the male syntype is a Trichopria Ashmead, 1893 and the female syntype is a Basalys, the female is designated here as lectotype in order to stabilise the current generic placement established by Masner and Muesebeck. The lectotype is mounted on a card point, with the right antenna lost and left antenna lost beyond a8., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 6, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773, {"references":["Ashmead W. H. 1893. A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 45, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 38713","Masner L. & Muesebeck C. F. W. 1968. The Types of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 270: 1 - 143. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.270"]}

Ceratopria grenadensis Ashmead, 1896: 807. Valid name Basalys grenadae (Kieffer, 1912). Summary of types Syntype ♀, BMNH number 9.745. Primary type data Mount Gay Est./ Leeward side/ Grenada, W.I./ H.H. Smith/ 25; Type / H.T.; Ceratopria / grenadensis/ ♀ Type Ashm.; W.Indies/ 99-331. Type locality West Indies, Grenada, Balthazar and Mount Gay Estate. Remarks Described from two females of which one syntype was found. The syntype is mounted on a card point and is entire. It is a Basalys with the antenna 12-segmented, an abrupt three-segmented club, and fore wing with basal vein., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773, {"references":["Ashmead W. H. 1896. Report on the parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island of Grenada, comprising the families Cynipidae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, and Proctotrypidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (4): 742 - 812."]}

Genus Oxyserphus Masner, 1961 Type species. Proctotrupes maculipennis Cameron, 1888; by original designation. This is a large genus with about 20 named and a similar number of yet undescribed species, which is distributed in the Australasian and Oriental regions (Townes & Townes 1981), and eastern part of the Palaearctic, with one species reaching Europe (Buhl 2004; Kolyada in press-a); several yet unnamed species are known from Central America (Kolyada, pers. observ.). Representatives of this genus inhabit temperate and subtropical, often montane, forests and parasitise larvae of Curculionidae and Anthribidae (Coleoptera). This genus was unknown in the fossil record, although it has been recently found in the the Early Oligocene Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, UK (Antropov et al. in press) and Eocene/Oligocene Florissant beds (Kolyada in pressb)., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor A. & Mostovski, Mike B., 2007, Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 1661 on page 33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179943, {"references":["Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 32, 1 - 541.","Buhl, P. N. (2004) Oxyserphus Masner, 1961 represented in West Palaearctis by a new species. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 72, 79 - 80."]}

Genus Fustiserphus Townes, 1981 Type species. Fustiserphus reticulatus Townes, 1981; by original designation. This genus is currently known from in Australia, New Zeland and in both Americas (Townes & Townes 1981). New Zealand representatives of Fustiserphus parasitise larvae of Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera) in Nothofagus forest, being found, however, in a variety of other habitats (Early & Dugdale 1994). This genus was previously unknown in the palaeontological record., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor A. & Mostovski, Mike B., 2007, Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 1661 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179943, {"references":["Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 32, 1 - 541.","Early, J. W. & Dugdale, J. S. (1994) Fustiserphus (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) parasitises Lepidoptera in leaf litter in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 21, 249 - 252."]}

Disogmus carinatus Kieffer, 1907 Disogmus carinatus Kieffer, 1907: 282. CURRENT STATUS. — Disogmus areolator (Haliday, 1839). SYNTYPE. — France, La Ferté-Milon, ♂ (MNHN). LABELS. — Ferté Milon/ 19-5-96; Disogmus / carinatus K.; type; Muséum Paris/ coll. J. de Gaulle 1919 [syntype ♂]. REMARKS The syntype is pinned and entire. The synonymy established by Townes &Townes (1981) is followed here., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2007, A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic, pp. 457-470 in Zoosystema 29 (3) on page 461, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["KIEFFER J. - J. 1907. - Proctotrypidae, in ANDRE E. (ed.), Species des hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. 10. Libraire scientifique, Herman & Fils, Paris: 145 - 288.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1 - 541."]}

Exallonyx microcerus Kieffer, 1908 Exallonyx microcerus Kieffer, 1908: 343. CURRENT STATUS. — Exallonyx microcerus Kieffer, 1908. LECTOTYPE (designated by Townes & Townes 1981). — France, Megève, Haute-Savoie, ♀ (MNHN). PARALECTOTYPES. — France, Bas Meudon, 1 ♀. — St Cloud, 1 ♀. — Mesnil-le-Roi, 2 ♀♀. — Dieppe, 6 ♀♀ (all MNHN). LABELS. — Mégève/ H’te Savoie/ 24-7-56; Exallonyx / microcerus; lectotype / Exallonyx / microcerus/ Tow’75 Kf. [lectotype ♀]. REMARKS The lectotype is pinned, with the left flagellum missing beyond the sixth segment, the left hind leg missing and the wings stuck together., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2007, A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic, pp. 457-470 in Zoosystema 29 (3) on page 463, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["KIEFFER J. - J. 1908. - Proctotrypidae, in ANDRE E. (ed.) Species des hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. 10. Libraire scientifique, Herman & Fils, Paris: 289 - 448.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1 - 541."]}

Notton, David G. (2007): A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic. Zoosystema 29 (3): 457-470, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["ANONYMOUS 1827. - Tableau des membres de la Societe linneenne de Normandie a la fin de l'annee 1827. Memoires de la Societe linneenne de Normandie 1826- 1827: 350-358.","ANONYMOUS 1832. - La science vient de perdre M. de Brebisson, entomologiste distingue de Falaise (Calvados). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 1: 114.","BLOT F. 1827. - Sur un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espece de diptere. Memoires de la Societe linneenne de Normandie 1826-1827: 101-106.","BOSC L. A. G. 1792. - Description du Cynips quer-- cus--tozae. Journal d'Histoire naturelle 2: 154-157, pl. 32.","BOSC L. A. G. 1802a (An 10). - Histoire naturelle des coquilles : contenant leur description, les moeurs des animaux qui les habitent et leurs usages ; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature, in CASTEL R. R. (ed.), Histoire naturelle de Buffon, classee par ordres, genres et especes, d'apres le systeme de Linne, avec des caracteres generiques et la nomenclature linneenne. Nouv. ed. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 5 volumes: 1: [4] 343 p., 2: [4] 330 p., 3: [4] 292 p., 4: [4] 280 p., 5: [4] 255 p.","BOSC L. A. G. 1802b (An 10). - Histoire naturelle des crustaces: contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinees d'apres nature, in CASTEL R. R. (ed.), Histoire naturelle de Buffon, classee par ordres, genres et especes, d'apres le systeme de Linne, avec des caracteres generiques et la nomenclature linneenne. Nouv. ed. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 2 volumes: 1: 255 p., 2: 296 [8] p.","BOSC L. A. G. 1802c (An 10). - Histoire naturelle des vers : contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinees d'apres nature, in CASTEL R. R. (ed.), Histoire naturelle de Buffon, classee par ordres, genres et especes, d'apres le systeme de Linne, avec des caracteres generiques et la nomenclature Linneenne. Nouv. ed. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 3 volumes: 1: 324 p., 2: 300 p., 3: 270 [1] p.","BOSC L. A. G. 1803. - Description d'un Phalangium et d'un Cinips. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe philomathique de Paris (de Juillet 1791, a Ventose, an 7) 1: 18.","BOSC L. A. G. 1813. - Recherches sur les moeurs des fourmis indigenes. Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire naturelle 76: 353-366.","BOSC L. A. G. 1817. - Quelques apercus sur l'insecte connu sous le nom de mouche hessoise et sur un insecte parasite qui s'en nourrit. Annales de l'Agriculture francaise 70: 277.","BOSC L. A. G. 1818. - Sur une nouvelle espece de tenthrede. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe philomatique de Paris. 1818: 111.","BREBISSON J. B. G. DE 1807. - Memoire sur le scolite destructeur (Olivier). Precis analytique des Travaux de l'Academie des Sciences, des Belles--Lettres et des Arts de Rouen, pendant l'annee 1806: 50-51.","BREBISSON J. B. G. DE 1818. - Sur un nouveau genre d'insectes, de l'ordre des hymenopteres (pinicole). Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe philomatique de Paris 1818: 116.","BREBISSON J. B. G. DE 1825. - Catalogue methodique des crustaces terrestres, fluviatiles et marins, recueillis dans le departement du Calvados, par M. de Brebisson, d'apres la methode de M. Latreille. Memoires de la Societe linneenne du Calvados 1825: 225-270.","BREBISSON J. B. G. DE 1827. - Catalogue des arachnides, des myriapodes et des insectes-apteres que l'on trouve dans le departement du Calvados. Memoires de la Societe linneenne de Normandie 1826-1827: 254-274.","BRULLE A. 1846. - Histoire naturelle des insectes: hymenopteres VI. Libraire encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 680 p.","CASOLARI C. & MORENO R. C. 1978. - Catalogo della collezione imenotterologica di Massimiliano Spinola, 1a parte. Bollettino del Museo di Zoologica dell'Universita di Torino 1978 (5): 27-74.","CASOLARI C. & MORENO R. C. 1979a. - Catalogo della collezione imenotterologica di Massimiliano Spinola, 2a parte. Bollettino del Museo di Zoologica dell'Universita di Torino 1979 (2): 19-82.","CASOLARI C. & MORENO R. C. 1979b. - Catalogo della collezione imenotterologica di Massimiliano Spinola, 3a parte. Bollettino del Museo di Zoologica dell'Universita di Torino 1979 (4): 91-130.","CUVIER G. L. C. F. D. 1829. - Eloge historique de M. Bosc. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle 18: 69-92.","CUVIER G. L. C. F. D. 1831. - Eloge historique de M. Bosc. Memoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences 10: cxci-ccxviii.","DUTROUILH D. M. 1829. - Notice sur M. Bosc, ancien correspondant de l'Academie royale des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Bordeaux. Academie royale des Sciences, Belles--Lettres et Arts de Bordeaux. Seance publique du 16 Juin 1829: 143-150.","EVENHUIS N. 1997. - Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum (1758--1930): Being a Selected List of the Books and Prints of Diptera Taxonomy from the Beginning of Linnaean Zoological Nomenclature to the End of the Year 1930; Containing Information on the Biographies, Bibliographies, Types, Collections, and Patronymic Genera of the Authors Listed in this work; Including Detailed Information on Publication Dates, Original and Subsequent Editions, and Other Ancillary Data Concerning the Publications Listed Herein. 2 volumes. Backhuys, Leiden, 871 p.","FORSTER A. 1850. - Eine Centurie neuer Hymenopteren. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preus-- sischen Rheinlande und Westphalens 7: 277-288.","GREINER M., NIQUET C. & AYRAULT A. 1989. - L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic : un citoyen fraternel au temps de la Revolu-- tion francaise de 1789. CDU, SEDES, Paris 197 p.","HALIDAY A. H. 1833. - An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine 1 (3): 259-276.","HALIDAY A. H. 1857. - Note on a peculiar form of the ovaries observed in a hymenopterous insect, constituting a new genus and species of the family Diapridae. Natural History Review 4: 166-174, pl. 10.","HORN W. & KAHLE I. 1935-1937. - Uber entomologische Sammlungen, Entomologen & Entomo-Museologie: (Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Entomologie). Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin--Dahlem 2-4: i-vi + 1-536.","ICZN 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomen-- clature. 4th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London, xxix + 306 p.","JOHNSON N. F. 1992. - Catalog of world species of Proctotrupoidea, exclusive of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 51: i-v + 1-825.","KELNER- PILLAULT S. 1958. - Catalogue de quelques types d'hymenopteres provenant de la collection de l'Abbe Kieffer. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 2e ser., 30: 145-421.","KIEFFER J.-J. 1907. - Proctotrypidae, in ANDRE E. (ed.), Species des hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. 10. Libraire scientifique, Herman & Fils, Paris: 145-288.","KIEFFER J.-J. 1908. - Proctotrypidae, in ANDRE E. (ed.) Species des hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. 10. Libraire scientifique, Herman & Fils, Paris: 289-448.","KIEFFER J.-J. 1913. - Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911--1912). Resultats scientifiques. Hymenoptera. A. Schultz, Paris 1: 1-35.","KIEFFER J.-J. 1914. - Serphidae (= Proctotrupidae) et Calliceratidae (= Ceraphronidae). Das Tierreich 42: xvii + 254 p. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin.","LATREILLE P. A. 1802a (An 10) - Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des crustaces et des insectes. Vol. 1. F. Dufart, Paris, 394 p.","LATREILLE P. A. 1802b (\"An 10\", actually An 11). - His-- toire naturelle, generale et particuliere des crustaces et des insectes. vol. 3. F. Dufart, Paris, 467 p.","LEPELETIER DE SAINT FARGEAU A. L. M. & AUDINET- SERVILLE J. G. 1825. - Paxylomme, Paxylomma, in LATREILLE P. A. (ed.), Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des crustaces, des arachnides et des insectes. Tome 10. Agasse, Paris: 23.","MASNER L. 1957. - Nadceled' Vejritky-Proctotrupoidea, in KRATOCHVIL R. J., Klic Zvirony CSR II. Ceckoslovenska Akademie Ved. Nakladatelstvi Ceckoslovenske. Akademie Ved, Praha: 289-312.","MASNER L. 1961. - Ambositrinae, a new subfamily of Diapriidae from Madagascar and Central Africa (Hymenoptera Proctotrupoidea). Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar ser. E, 12: 289-295.","MASNER L. 1965. - The types of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the British Museum (Natural History) and in the Hope Department of Entomology, Oxford. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Supplement 1: 1-154.","MUSETTI L. & JOHNSON N. F. 2004. - Revision of the New World species of the genus Monomachus Klug (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Monomachidae). Canadian Entomologist 136: 501-552.","NIXON G. E. J. 1938. - A preliminary revision of the British Proctotrupinae (Hym., Proctotrupoidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 87: 431-465.","NOTTON D. G. 2004. - A catalogue of types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, with notes on the classification of Diapriinae and a brief history of the types of Jean-Jacques Kieffer (1856-1925). Zoosystema 26 (2): 315-352.","NOTTON D. G. 2005. - The publication dates of C. G. Thomson's papers on Scandinavian Proctotrupoidea sensu lato (Hymenoptera). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 141: 227-232.","PREVOST M. & D' AMAT R. (eds) 1954. - Dictionnaire de biographie francaise VI. Librairie Letouzy et Ane, 1527 p.","PREVOST M. & D' AMAT R. (eds) 1956. - Dictionnaire de biographie francaise VII. Librairie Letouzy et Ane, 1527 p.","RISBEC J. 1950. - Contribution a l'etude des Proctotrupidae (Serphidae) : Proctotrupides de la section technique d'Agriculture tropicale (A. O. F.) et Proctotrupides du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Afrique et Colonies francaises), in SAGOT R. & RISBEC J. (eds), Travaux du laboratoire d'entomologie du secteur soudanais de recherches agronomiques. Gouvernement general de l'Afrique occidentale francaise: 509-639.","ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 1867. - Catalogue of Scientific Papers 1800--1863. Volume 1. Eyre & Spottiswood, London, Her Magesty Stationary Office, lxxix + 960 p.","SCHULZ W. A. 1904. - Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis der Schlupfwespen-Familie Pelecinidae Hal. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch--physikalischen Klasse der K. B. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen 1903 33: 435-450.","SCHULZ W. A. 1911. - Systematische Uebersicht der Monomachiden. Memoires du 1er Congres international d'Entomologie, Bruxelles, Aout 1910 2: 405-422.","SILVESTRE A. F. DE 1829. - Notice biographique sur M. Louis-Augustin-Guillaume Bosc, Membre de l'Institut de la Societe royale et centrale d'Agriculture. Memoires de la Societe royale et centrale d'Agriculture 1: 3-28.","TOWNES H. 1977. - A revision of the Heloridae (Hymenoptera). Contributions of the American Entomologi-- cal Institute 15 (2): 1-12.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1-541.","ZIMSEN E. 1964. - The Type Material of I. C. Fabricius. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 656 p."]}

Serphus (Phaenoserphus) ruficeps Kieffer, 1908 Serphus (Phaenoserphus) ruficeps Kieffer, 1908: 301. CURRENT STATUS. — Exallonyx ruficeps (Kieffer, 1908). LECTOTYPE (designated by Townes & Townes 1981). — Syria, Damascus, ♀ (? MCSN). PARALECTOTYPE. — Syria, Damascus, ♂ (?MCSN). REMARKS There is some confusion over the location of the type of this species. Johnson (1992) noted the MNHN was the type repository of this species, presumably basing this information on Townes & Townes (1981). Townes & Townes (1981) noted the lectotype was both in the MNHN and in MCSN. Since it cannot be in two places at once and it was not found in the MNHN, it is most probably at the MCSN. The current generic placement follows that established by Townes & Townes (1981)., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2007, A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic, pp. 457-470 in Zoosystema 29 (3) on page 466, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["KIEFFER J. - J. 1908. - Proctotrypidae, in ANDRE E. (ed.) Species des hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. 10. Libraire scientifique, Herman & Fils, Paris: 289 - 448.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1 - 541.","JOHNSON N. F. 1992. - Catalog of world species of Proctotrupoidea, exclusive of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 51: i-v + 1 - 825."]}

Disogmus carinatus var. fuscitarsis Kieffer, 1907 Disogmus carinatus var. fuscitarsis Kieffer, 1907: 282. CURRENT STATUS. — Disogmus basalis (Thomson, 1858). SYNTYPE. — Switzerland, Valais, Berisal, ♂ (MNHN). LABELS. — Berisal/ 7-07; Disogmus / fuscitarsis K.; type; Muséum Paris/ Coll. J. de Gaulle 1919 [syntype ♂]. REMARKS Although described as a variety, the name Disogmus carinatus var. fuscitarsis is made available at subspecific rank from the date of its original publication as it was published before 1961, the author expressly used the term “var.” and it was adopted as the valid name of a species before 1985, as Disogmus fuscitarsis by Kieffer (1914) (ICZN 1999: arts 45.6.4, 45.6.4.1). The syntype was originally pinned on a long pin that has been subsequently cut down and the specimen substaged. The apex of the right hind tarsus is missing, the left flagellum is missing beyond the fourth segment and the right flagellum is missing beyond the third segment. Kieffer (1907) recorded the type locality as Berisal in France, however, the country is not mentioned on the data label and it seems Kieffer was mistaken. It is most likely that the type came from the famous entomological collecting locality Berisal in the Simplon Pass in Switzerland. The synonymy of Townes & Townes (1981) is followed here., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2007, A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic, pp. 457-470 in Zoosystema 29 (3) on page 462, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["KIEFFER J. - J. 1907. - Proctotrypidae, in ANDRE E. (ed.), Species des hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. 10. Libraire scientifique, Herman & Fils, Paris: 145 - 288.","KIEFFER J. - J. 1914. - Serphidae (= Proctotrupidae) et Calliceratidae (= Ceraphronidae). Das Tierreich 42: xvii + 254 p. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin.","ICZN 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomen- - clature. 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London, xxix + 306 p.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1 - 541."]}

Fustiserphus pinorum (Brues, 1940), comb. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Cryptoserphus pinorum Brues, 1940: 260 (female). Description. Body approximately 3.5 mm long including ovipositor sheath but excluding antennae. Forewing 1.8 mm long, hindwing 1.2 mm long, antenna 1.2 mm long. Head 1.3 times as high as broad. Face strongly convex. Gena 0.37 times as high as eye width. Malar sulcus deep. Mandibles with blunt point. Antenna 2.8 times as long as head height, 13 -segmented; antennomeres cylinrical, with no noticeable constrictions between them, thickening apically, ratio of antennomere lengths as following: 3.1: 1.2: 2.7: 3.6: 2.8: 2.7: 2.5: 2.5: 2.3: 2.2:2.0: 1.8: 3.8. Pronotum with small humeral tubercles. Epomia uninterrupted. Lateral sides of pronotum with weak horizontal reticulation. Mesoscutum with well-developed notauli reaching its midlength. Horizontal groove across mesopleuron incomplete, reaching only 0.7���0.8 distance toward mesopleural suture. Mesopleuron with complete vertical perforated mesopleural suture running along posterior margin. Lateral sides of metapleuron with strong oblique reticulation (striation), with small smooth area divided by deep horizontal suture. Propodeum quadrate, convex, 0.5 times as long as thorax, dorsally with two lateral fields separated by noticeably reticulated ridge. Vertical section of radial vein 2 times as long as wide. Radial vein slightly arced, joining costal vein at 38 ��. Costal section of radial cell slightly (1.3 times) greater than width of pterostigma. Costal vein not developed beyond radial cell. Base of syntergite with numerous well-developed longitudinal wrinkles. Ovipositor sheath 6 times as long as wide, approximately 0.8 times as long as hind tibia, rounded apically, with small scattered setae. Holotype. Female, MCZC, no. 8257. The pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron of the right side of the body is almost entirely covered with milky substance. Other material examined. Female labelled ���1.07.1966; Ost. Prussen, G.V. Henningsen��� (MCZC)., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor A. & Mostovski, Mike B., 2007, Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 1661 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179943, {"references":["Brues, Ch. T. (1940) Serphidae in Baltic amber, with the description of a new living genus. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 73, 259 - 264."]}

Mischoserphus gracilis (Brues, 1940), comb. nov. (Figs 3���5) Cryptoserphus gracilis Brues, 1940: 259 (female). Description. Body approximately 4.3 mm long including ovipositor sheath, but excluding antennae. Hindwing 1.2 mm long, antenna 1.6 mm long. Clypeus narrow, 0.3 times as long as wide and almost 0.5 times as wide as face (distance between eyes). Malar sulcus deep. Mandibles weak and short. Antenna 13 -segmented; ratio of antennomere lengths as following: 2.0:1.0:6.0:5.0: 4.3:4.0: 3.6: 3.6: 3.3: 3.3: 2.6: 2.6:4.0. Propodeum 0.5 times as long as thorax. Dorsal side of propodeum with two bare elongated lateral fields separated by low simple ridge. Each lateral field 1.7 times as long as wide. Pterostigma almost as long as costal section of radial cell. Radial vein not curved, joining costal vein at 30 ��. Legs long and thin. Ovipositor sheath 9 times as long as wide, 0.49 times as long as hind tibia. Setation on ovipositor sheath becoming denser distally. Holotype. Female, MCZC, no. 5219. The specimen is fixed in the dorsoventral position between the microscopic slide and the cover slip, so the lateral sclerites are not visible. The mesoscutum and scutellum are absent; seven apical segments of one antennae, left forewing and hindwings are detached and put on the right side of the body. The forewings are heavily deformed, the veins and the pterostigma are poorly distinguishable. The mouth is covered with milky substance., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor A. & Mostovski, Mike B., 2007, Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 1661 on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179943, {"references":["Brues, Ch. T. (1940) Serphidae in Baltic amber, with the description of a new living genus. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 73, 259 - 264."]}

Genus Mischoserphus Townes, 1981 Type species. Cryptoserphus arcuator Stelfox, 1950; by original designation. This genus is distributed around the world, except for Africa and some South American countries (Townes & Townes 1981). Representatives of Mischoserphus inhabit temperate and subtropical forests and parasitise fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae). Until recently, this genus has been unknown in the fossil record. Another representative of Mischoserphus is found in the Early Oligocene Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, UK (Antropov et al. in press)., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor A. & Mostovski, Mike B., 2007, Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 1661 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179943, {"references":["Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1981) A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 32, 1 - 541."]}

Exallonyx alticola var. seyrigi Risbec, 1950 Exallonyx alticola var. seyrigi Risbec, 1950: 516, figs 3, 6. CURRENT STATUS. — Exallonyx seyrigi Risbec, 1950. LECTOTYPE (designated by Townes & Townes 1981). — Madagascar, Tananarive, ♂ (MNHN). PARALECTOTYPES. — Madagascar,Tananarive, 6 ♂♂. — Tananarive district, 2 ♂♂ (all MNHN). — Tananarive, 3 ♂♂ (lost). LABEL. — Madagascar / Tananarive/ 3.III.32/ A. Seyrig [lectotype ♂]. REMARKS Although described as a variety, the name Exallonyx alticola var. seyrigi is made available at subspecific rank from the date of its original publication as it was published before 1961, the author expressly used the term “var.” and it was adopted as the valid name of a species before 1985, as Exallonyx (Exallonyx) seyrigi by Townes & Townes (1981) (ICZN 1999: arts 45.6.4, 45.6.4.1). The lectotype is micro-pinned, substaged and is entire. Three of the syntypes mentioned in the original description, which should have been in the MNHN according to Risbec (1950), could not be found., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2007, A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic, pp. 457-470 in Zoosystema 29 (3) on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["RISBEC J. 1950. - Contribution a l'etude des Proctotrupidae (Serphidae): Proctotrupides de la section technique d'Agriculture tropicale (A. O. F.) et Proctotrupides du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Afrique et Colonies francaises), in SAGOT R. & RISBEC J. (eds), Travaux du laboratoire d'entomologie du secteur soudanais de recherches agronomiques. Gouvernement general de l'Afrique occidentale francaise: 509 - 639.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1 - 541.","ICZN 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomen- - clature. 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London, xxix + 306 p."]}

Serphus (Phaenoserphus) micrurus Kieffer, 1908 Serphus (Phaenoserphus) micrurus Kieffer, 1908: 312. CURRENT STATUS. — Exallonyx longicornis (Nees von Esenbeck, 1834). LECTOTYPE (by present designation). — Portugal, São Fiel, ♀ (MNHN). A lectotype designation cited by Townes & Townes (1981) is invalid. PARALECTOTYPES. — Portugal, São Fiel, 1 ♀, 1 ♂. France, Sèvres, 1 ♀ (all MNHN). LABELS. — Port.; holotypus; Serphus / micrura; Muséum Paris / 1957/ coll. Kieffer; lectotype / Serphus / micrurus/ Tow’ 75 Kf. [lectotype ♀]. REMARKS The original description clearly implies there is a syntype series since no holotype is indicated and both sexes and two localities are given. Hence Kelner-Pillault (1958) is wrong to suggest that there was a holotype. Although Townes & Townes (1981) considered Kelner-Pillault (1958) to have designated a lectotype, this cannot be supported either under Article 74.5 (ICZN 1999) since there is no explicit indication by Kelner-Pillault that she was selecting from a type series, or under Article 74.6 (ICZN 1999) since it is clear a syntype series exists. Since four syntypes were found, to avoid future confusion and to conserve the usage established by Townes & Townes (1981) the specimen erroneously considered to be a holotype by Kelner-Pillault (1958) and erroneously considered to be a lectotype by Townes & Townes (1981) is here designated as a lectotype. The lectotype is carded on its venter, is dirty, and has the ends of the mid and hind tarsi missing. The synonymy established by Townes & Townes (1981) is followed here., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2007, A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic, pp. 457-470 in Zoosystema 29 (3) on page 466, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["KIEFFER J. - J. 1908. - Proctotrypidae, in ANDRE E. (ed.) Species des hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie. 10. Libraire scientifique, Herman & Fils, Paris: 289 - 448.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1 - 541.","ICZN 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomen- - clature. 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London, xxix + 306 p."]}

Exallonyx alticola var. parva Risbec, 1950 Exallonyx alticola var. parva Risbec, 1950: 517. CURRENT STATUS. — Exallonyx parvus Risbec, 1950. LECTOTYPE (designated by Townes & Townes 1981). — Kenya, Forest of [Mount] Elgon, ♂ (lost, formerly in MNHN). PARALECTOTYPES. — Madagascar, Tananarive, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN). LABELS. — Kenya / Forêt de l’Elgon / versant est/ 2,700- 2,800 m; Muséum de Paris / Mission de l’Omo / C. Arambourg / P.-A. Chappuis & R. Jeannel / 1932-33; lectotype / Exallonyx / alticola var. / parva/ Tow’75 Risbec [labels on former mount of lectotype ♂]. REMARKS Although described as a variety, the name Exallonyx alticola var. parva is made available at subspecific rank from the date of its original publication as it was published before 1961, the author expressly used the term “var.” and it was adopted as the valid name of a species before 1985, as Exallonyx (Exallonyx) parvus by Townes & Townes (1981) (ICZN 1999: arts 45.6.4, 45.6.4.1). The lectotype, apparently last seen by Townes & Townes (1981), had been micro-pinned and substaged, but the specimen was not found and only the mount remains. A search was made in the box, but it could not be found, so it is presumed to have been destroyed., Published as part of Notton, David G., 2007, A catalogue of types of the smaller taxa of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, with notes on the history of the insect collection of L. A. G. Bosc d'Antic, pp. 457-470 in Zoosystema 29 (3) on page 462, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5391305, {"references":["RISBEC J. 1950. - Contribution a l'etude des Proctotrupidae (Serphidae): Proctotrupides de la section technique d'Agriculture tropicale (A. O. F.) et Proctotrupides du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Afrique et Colonies francaises), in SAGOT R. & RISBEC J. (eds), Travaux du laboratoire d'entomologie du secteur soudanais de recherches agronomiques. Gouvernement general de l'Afrique occidentale francaise: 509 - 639.","TOWNES H. & TOWNES M. 1981. - A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 32: i-vi + 1 - 541.","ICZN 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomen- - clature. 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London, xxix + 306 p."]}

Oxyserphus obsolescens (Brues, 1940), comb. nov. (Figs 6���13) Cryptoserphus obsolescens Brues, 1940: 261 (female). Cryptoserphus tertiarius Brues, 1940: 261 (female). Syn. nov. Cryptoserphus succinalis Brues, 1940: 262 (female). Syn. nov. Cryptoserphus koggeauxillarius Szabo & Oehlke, 1986: 100 (female). Syn. nov. Description. Body somewhat gracile. Head clearly transverse, rounded, frons convex. Genae 0.18 times as high as eye width, with deep vertical groove. Clypeus 0.79 times as wide as face, with depressed border along anterior margin. Labrum triangular. Antennae 0.6 times as long as head height, 13 -segmented. Antennomeres almost quadrate; ratio of antennomere lengths as following: 2.1: 0.8: 1.6: 1.1: 1.1: 1.2:1.0: 1.1: 0.9: 0.9: 0.9: 0.8: 1.6. Epomia uninterrupted. Depression below humeral tubercles with weak reticulation, strip in upper part of pronotum consisting of 3���5 setae. Notauli as long as tegulae. Mesopleural perforated suture complete. Horizontal mesopleural groove complete. Propodeum with fine reticulation. Radial vein joining costa at 44 ��. Costal section of radial cell short, less than depth of pterostigma. Costa not developed beyond radial cell. Ovipositor sheath 3 times as long as wide, approximately 0.75 times as long as hind tibia, with small setae. Holotype. Female, MCZC, no. 5221. Paratype. Female, MCZC, no. 5220. The specimen is inclosed within an air bubble, heavily distorting proportions. Other material examined. Holotype of Cryptoserphus tertiarius (female, MCZC, no. 8272) and holotype of Cryptoserphus succinalis (female, MCZC no. 8274). There are variously preserved four females and two males with Brues��� identification labels (MCZC); they were previously identified by him as succinalis or simply sp. Additionally, there are nine females in MCZC with original labels ��� Proctotrypidae Preussen, Min. Mus. 1865 ��� (1 ex.), ��� Proctotrypidae G.V. Henningsen / 3-5 1960 ��� (3 ex.), ��� Proctotrypidae Flanensgaard / 2 / 4- 60 ��� (1 ex.), ��� Proctotrypidae Borge Martensen / 12 - 10 1960 ��� (1 ex.), ��� Proctotrupidae G.V. Henningsen / 8 - 7 1965 ��� (1 ex.), ��� Proctotrupidae A.K. Andersen / 28 - 3 1968 ��� (2 ex.). There are also three females in one piece of Baltic amber (PIN, nos. 363 / 131, 132, 133) and two females in one piece of Rovno amber (SIZC, K- 3005). Remarks. Representatives of this species seem to be most abundant among amber proctotrupids. Obviously, the state of their preservation varies, and some specimens were described as separate species on the basis of poorly defined characters. Rich material, which became available through courtesy of Dr S.B. Archibald, Dr L. Masner and Prof. A.P. Rasnitsyn, made possible re-evaluation of some species and their synonymy., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor A. & Mostovski, Mike B., 2007, Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 1661 on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179943, {"references":["Brues, Ch. T. (1940) Serphidae in Baltic amber, with the description of a new living genus. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 73, 259 - 264.","Szabo, J. B. & Oehlke, J. (1986) Neue Proctotrupoidea aus dem Baltischen Bernstein. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 36, 99 - 106."]}

Oxyserphus hamiferus (Brues, 1940), comb. nov. (Figs 14���17) Cryptoserphus hamiferus Brues, 1940: 261 (female). Description. Head weakly convex. Genae 0.23 times as high as eye width, with deep vertical groove. Clypeus 0.7 time as wide as face, with depressed border along anterior margin. Labrum triangular, 2.4 times as long as wide. Malar sulcus present. Mandibles with blunt point. Face, clypeus and labrum with noticeable rough punctures. Antennae 1.6 times as long as head height, 13 -segmented. Antennomeres almost quadrate; ratio of antennomere lengths as following: 2.4: 1.1: 2.8: 1.5: 1.5: 1.6: 1.6: 1.8: 1.7: 1.8:2.0:2.0: 3.7. Epomia uninterrupted. Depression below humeral tubercles with vertical wrinkles, which run over centre of pronotum as a strip of weak reticulation. Notauli as long as tegulae. Mesopleural perforated suture complete. Horizontal mesopleural groove complete. Metapleuron with large smooth area, being slightly rough in its lower half. Upper 1 / 5 of this area shiny and separated by shallow groove. Propodeum short, with smooth reticulation. Radial vein joining costa at 38 ��. Radial cell 0.8 times as long as depth of pterostigma. Costa not developed beyond radial cell. Ovipositor sheath 4.6 times as long as wide, 0.6 times as long as hind tibia, curved apically, with few small setae. Holotype. Female, MCZC no. 8267. The metasoma is split laterally, with heavily swollen base. The body is enclosed in an air bubble that distorts real proportions and makes the body to look stocky with a strongly convex mesoscutum. The description is based on the imprint of the body onto the wall of the air bubble., Published as part of Kolyada, Victor A. & Mostovski, Mike B., 2007, Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber, pp. 29-38 in Zootaxa 1661 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179943, {"references":["Brues, Ch. T. (1940) Serphidae in Baltic amber, with the description of a new living genus. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 73, 259 - 264."]}

Re-examination of the type material of six species described by Brues from the Baltic amber in the genus Cryptoserphus revealed that none of them belong to this genus but represent four species within other extant genera, i.e. Fustiserphus pinorum (Brues, 1940) comb. nov., Mischoserphus gracilis (Brues, 1940) comb. nov., Oxyserphus obsolescens (Brues, 1940) comb. nov., and O. hamiferus (Brues, 1940) comb. nov. Two other species (Cryptoserphus tertiarius and C. succinalis) described by Brues and Cryptoserphus koggeauxillarius described by Szabo & Oehlke (1986) are synonymised under O. obsolescens. All species are redescribed and illustrated.

Key to the Chinese species of formicarius ­group of Exallonyx 1. Flagellum with tyloids ......................................................... E. laevigatus Fan and He ­ Flagellum without tyloids.......................................................................................... 2 2 (1). Abdominal petiole contracted at base........................................................................ 3 ­ Abdominal petiole not contracted at base.................................................................. 4 3 (2). Second flagellar segment 2.7 × as long as wide; abdominal petiole 1.0× as long as deep in lateral view with six diagonal longitudinal ridges .............. E. strictus sp. nov. ­ Second flagellar segment 3.4 × as long as wide; abdominal petiole 2.0× as long as deep in lateral view with four diagonal longitudinal ridges E. pingbianensis sp. nov. 4 (2). First thyridium 1.8 –2.0× as wide as long................................................................... 5 ­ First thyridium 2.5–3.5 × as wide as long................................................................... 6 5 (4). Clypeus 3.1 × as wide as long; median groove on syntergite reaching 0.5 to space between tyridia, with two lateral grooves 0.67 × as long as median groove............... .............................................................................................. E. ejunicidus He and Fan ­ Clypeus 2.5 × as wide as long; median groove on syntergite reaching 0.7 to space between thyridia, with two lateral grooves 0.2 × as long as median groove................ ............................................................................................. E. fujianensis Fan and He 6 (4). First thyridium 2.5 × as wide as long ........................... E. chiuae Townes and Townes ­ First thyridium 3.1–3.5 × as wide as long................................................................... 7 7 (6). Upper margin of pronotum with 2 rows of setae.................... E. fuliginis He and Fan ­ Upper margin of pronotum with single row of setae ......... E. nigricornis He and Fan

Exallonyx strictus Liu, He & Xu, new species (Figs. 1-6) Diagnosis of Male Temple 0.65 as long as eye in dorsal view; the second and tenth flagellar segments each 2.7, 2.0 as long as wide; tyloids absent; abdominal petiole as long as deep in lateral view, upper margin straight, distinctly contracted at base, without distinct transverse wrinkles at under side, its posterior half with six diagonal longitudinal ridges in lateral view. Description of Male (holotype) Front wing 2.0 mm long. Body black. Antenna black brown. Labrum, apical half of mandible, palpus and tegula fulvous. Leg blackish brown to black, except fore femur, base and apex of mid femur, apex of hind femur fulvous. Wing hyaline, stigma and strong veins light brown; weak veins indistinct. Temple 0.65�� as long as eye in dorsal view. Gena 0.3�� as long as long diameter of eye. Clypeus 3.0�� as wide as long, weakly convex; its apex truncate with weak transverse ridges on subapical declivity. Second flagellar segment 2.7�� as long as wide. Tenth flagellar segment 2.0�� as long as wide. Last segment of antenna 1.6�� as long as penultimate segment. Tyloids absent. Area between antennal sockets with weak ridge. Occipital carina distinct. Pronotum with 4-5 transverse wrinkles on collar. Epomia strong. Pronotum smooth laterally, without setae behind epomia, but with setae behind carina on collar. Upper margin of pronotum with single row of setae. Lower corner of pronotum with two pits. Upper half of mesopleuron nearly asetose except front edge of mesopleuron with group of setae on upper corner and upper 0.3 of speculum with sparse setae. Lower half of mesopleuron mostly with long sparse setae except for median area asetose; lower corner without parallel wrinkles posteriorly. Smooth area of metapleuron with sparse punctures, 0.5�� as long as metapleuron and 0.8�� as deep as metapleuron. Remainder of metapleuron weakly reticulate. Upper margin of propodeum arcuate in lateral view. Pair of smooth areas present on upper face of propodeum reaching far behind propodeal spiracle; some small punctures present along median ridge and lateral margin. Median ridge incomplete, reaching to middle of posterior face. Posterior face of propodeum irregularly reticulate, with strong transverse ridge at its middle. Lateral areas of propodeum areolate. Hind femur 4.2�� as long as deep. Longer spur of hind tibia 0.64�� as long as hind basitarsus. Stigma 1.7�� as long as deep receiving radius nearly at middle. Anterior side of radial cell 0.6�� as long as depth of stigma; posterodistal margin of stigma weakly convex. First radial vein approximately straight, 1.1�� as long as wide. Second radial vein straight, meeting first radial vein without projection. Posterior margin of hind wing with shallow notch at basal 0.35. Abdominal petiole 1.2�� as long as wide in dorsal view with five strong parallel longitudinal carinae and four longitudinal grooves. Abdominal petiole as long as deep in lateral view; upper margin straight, distinctly contracted at base; anterior half weakly striae without transverse ridge, posterior half with six diagonal strong longitudinal ridges. Base of syntergite with median groove reaching 0.75 to space between thyridia, each side with two short lateral grooves, 0.33�� as long as median groove. First thyridium 2.2�� as wide as long, separated from each by 0.33 width of one thyridium. Setae on syntergite short and sparse; sockets of lowest setae separated from lower margin of syntergite by 1.6 to 2.0�� setal lengths. Paramere triangular, very short and straight, sharp at tip. Female. Unknown. Type material Holotype male, China, Henan Province: Song County (34.08��N, 112.05��E), Baiyun Mountain, 19. VII.1996, coll. Ping CAI, No.973066.Paratypes: 1 male, China, Shaanxi Province: Qinling (34.14��N, 106.54��E), 3.IX.1999, coll. Junhua HE, No.990204; 1 male, China, Shaanxi Province: Zhouzhi (34.10��N, 108.12��E), 2-3.VI.1998, coll. Yun MA, No.981455; 1 male, China, Gansu Province: Dangchang County (34.04��N, 104.21��E), 31.VII.2004, coll. Qiong WU, No.20047022. Distribution China (Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces). Etymology The specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective strictus (narrow) which refers to the fact that basal portion of abdominal petiole is distinctly contracted. Remarks This species is easily separated from all other species by having the basal portion of the abdominal petiole distinctly contracted and the underside without a transverse ridge. Also, the posterior half of abdominal petiole has six longitudinal ridges., Published as part of Liu J., He J. - H. & Xu Z. - F., 2006, Two new species of Exallonyx Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species., pp. 35-41 in Zootaxa 1142 on pages 36-37

[[Exallonyx formicarius-group]] Key to the Chinese species of formicarius-group of Exallonyx 1. Flagellum with tyloids......................................................... E. laevigatus Fan and He - Flagellum without tyloids..........................................................................................2 2(1). Abdominal petiole contracted at base........................................................................3 - Abdominal petiole not contracted at base..................................................................4 3(2). Second flagellar segment 2.7�� as long as wide; abdominal petiole 1.0�� as long as deep in lateral view with six diagonal longitudinal ridges.............. E. strictus sp. nov. - Second flagellar segment 3.4�� as long as wide; abdominal petiole 2.0�� as long as deep in lateral view with four diagonal longitudinal ridges....... E. pingbianensis sp. nov. 4(2). First thyridium 1.8-2.0�� as wide as long...................................................................5 - First thyridium 2.5-3.5�� as wide as long...................................................................6 5(4). Clypeus 3.1�� as wide as long; median groove on syntergite reaching 0.5 to space between tyridia, with two lateral grooves 0.67�� as long as median groove............................................................................................................. E. ejunicidus He and Fan - Clypeus 2.5�� as wide as long; median groove on syntergite reaching 0.7 to space between thyridia, with two lateral grooves 0.2�� as long as median groove............................................................................................................. E. fujianensis Fan and He 6(4). First thyridium 2.5�� as wide as long........................... E. chiuae Townes and Townes - First thyridium 3.1-3.5�� as wide as long...................................................................7 7(6). Upper margin of pronotum with 2 rows of setae.................... E. fuliginis He and Fan - Upper margin of pronotum with single row of setae......... E. nigricornis He and Fan, Published as part of Liu J., He J. - H. & Xu Z. - F., 2006, Two new species of Exallonyx Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species., pp. 35-41 in Zootaxa 1142 on pages 40-41

Exallonyx strictus Liu, He & Xu, new species (Figs. 1���6) Diagnosis of Male Temple 0.65 as long as eye in dorsal view; the second and tenth flagellar segments each 2.7, 2.0 as long as wide; tyloids absent; abdominal petiole as long as deep in lateral view, upper margin straight, distinctly contracted at base, without distinct transverse wrinkles at under side, its posterior half with six diagonal longitudinal ridges in lateral view. Description of Male (holotype) Front wing 2.0 mm long. Body black. Antenna black brown. Labrum, apical half of mandible, palpus and tegula fulvous. Leg blackish brown to black, except fore femur, base and apex of mid femur, apex of hind femur fulvous. Wing hyaline, stigma and strong veins light brown; weak veins indistinct. Temple 0.65 �� as long as eye in dorsal view. Gena 0.3 �� as long as long diameter of eye. Clypeus 3.0�� as wide as long, weakly convex; its apex truncate with weak transverse ridges on subapical declivity. Second flagellar segment 2.7 �� as long as wide. Tenth flagellar segment 2.0�� as long as wide. Last segment of antenna 1.6 �� as long as penultimate segment. Tyloids absent. Area between antennal sockets with weak ridge. Occipital carina distinct. Pronotum with 4���5 transverse wrinkles on collar. Epomia strong. Pronotum smooth laterally, without setae behind epomia, but with setae behind carina on collar. Upper margin of pronotum with single row of setae. Lower corner of pronotum with two pits. Upper half of mesopleuron nearly asetose except front edge of mesopleuron with group of setae on upper corner and upper 0.3 of speculum with sparse setae. Lower half of mesopleuron mostly with long sparse setae except for median area asetose; lower corner without parallel wrinkles posteriorly. Smooth area of metapleuron with sparse punctures, 0.5 �� as long as metapleuron and 0.8 �� as deep as metapleuron. Remainder of metapleuron weakly reticulate. Upper margin of propodeum arcuate in lateral view. Pair of smooth areas present on upper face of propodeum reaching far behind propodeal spiracle; some small punctures present along median ridge and lateral margin. Median ridge incomplete, reaching to middle of posterior face. Posterior face of propodeum irregularly reticulate, with strong transverse ridge at its middle. Lateral areas of propodeum areolate. Hind femur 4.2 �� as long as deep. Longer spur of hind tibia 0.64 �� as long as hind basitarsus. Stigma 1.7 �� as long as deep receiving radius nearly at middle. Anterior side of radial cell 0.6 �� as long as depth of stigma; posterodistal margin of stigma weakly convex. First radial vein approximately straight, 1.1 �� as long as wide. Second radial vein straight, meeting first radial vein without projection. Posterior margin of hind wing with shallow notch at basal 0.35. Abdominal petiole 1.2 �� as long as wide in dorsal view with five strong parallel longitudinal carinae and four longitudinal grooves. Abdominal petiole as long as deep in lateral view; upper margin straight, distinctly contracted at base; anterior half weakly striae without transverse ridge, posterior half with six diagonal strong longitudinal ridges. Base of syntergite with median groove reaching 0.75 to space between thyridia, each side with two short lateral grooves, 0.33 �� as long as median groove. First thyridium 2.2 �� as wide as long, separated from each by 0.33 width of one thyridium. Setae on syntergite short and sparse; sockets of lowest setae separated from lower margin of syntergite by 1.6 to 2.0�� setal lengths. Paramere triangular, very short and straight, sharp at tip. Female. Unknown. Type material Holotype male, China, Henan Province: Song County (34.08 ��N, 112.05 ��E), Baiyun Mountain, 19.VII. 1996, coll. Ping CAI, No. 973066. Paratypes: 1 male, China, Shaanxi Province: Qinling (34.14 ��N, 106.54 ��E), 3.IX. 1999, coll. Junhua HE, No. 990204; 1 male, China, Shaanxi Province: Zhouzhi (34.10 ��N, 108.12 ��E), 2���3.VI. 1998, coll. Yun MA, No. 981455; 1 male, China, Gansu Province: Dangchang County (34.04 ��N, 104.21 ��E), 31.VII. 2004, coll. Qiong WU, No. 20047022. Distribution China (Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces). Etymology The specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective strictus (narrow) which refers to the fact that basal portion of abdominal petiole is distinctly contracted. Remarks This species is easily separated from all other species by having the basal portion of the abdominal petiole distinctly contracted and the underside without a transverse ridge. Also, the posterior half of abdominal petiole has six longitudinal ridges., Published as part of Liu, Jingxian, He, Junhua & Xu, Zaifu, 2006, Two new species of Exallonyx Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) from China, with a key to the Chinese species, pp. 35-41 in Zootaxa 1142 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273403