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Systolederus cinereus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Figs. 18–20) Systolederus cinereus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893: 105 (holotype —female, Myanmar, Carin Cheba [= Karen Hills]; in the Natural History Museum of Genova). Systolederus cinereus — Kirby, 1910: 20; Kirby, 1914: 44; Günther, 1939: 170; Blackith, 1992: 171; Mahmood et al., 2007: 1282; Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015: 536. Systolederus ridleyi Hancock, 1909: 401 (holotype —female, Singapore, Singapore Botanical Garden; in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, UK), syn. nov. Teredorus ridleyi — Hancock, 1915: 110. Systolederus ridleyi — Günther, 1939: 169; Blackith, 1992: 174; Devriese & Husemann, 2023: 340. Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: •5Ô and 3♀; open stream near Bạch Mã National Park, N16.22036 E107.88702, 72.9± 6.3 m.a.s.l.; 8 March 2023, 11h01; on a boulder or rock; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET. 23.31–38 (ZRC) •1Ô; along stream near Bạch Mã National Park, N16.22419 E107.88233, 57.4± 4.5 m.a.s.l.; 8 March 2023, 19h37; on a tree trunk; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.50 (VNMN). Remarks. Images of the holotypes of C. cinereus and C. ridleyi are available in the internet catalogue Orthoptera Species File (Cigliano et al., 2023). The comparison of original descriptions and photos of both species, as well as all materials examined by Sergey Yu. Storozhenko from Southeast Asia, allows proposing a new synonymy: Systolederus cinereus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 = Systolederus ridleyi Hancock, 1909, syn. nov. The specimens from Bạch Mã National Park represent the first record of this species in Vietnam. Ecology. This species was found along rivers, on rocks and substrate near the fast-flowing water. Nevertheless, it has also been found along forest edges near a river and dwelling among tree trunks. Distribution. Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore; Vietnam: Thừa Thiên Huễ Province, Bạch Mã National Park [new]. Type locality. Myanmar, Carin Cheba.

Tan, Ming Kai, Vu, Trung Thanh, Le, Cuong Viet Canh, Pham, Thai Hong (2023): Pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Bạch Mã National Park, central Vietnam. Zootaxa 5319 (2): 199-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.2.3

Zhengitettix albitarsus Storozhenko, 2013 (Fig. 11) Zhengitettix albitarsus Storozhenko, 2013: 206. Zhengitettix albitarsus — Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014: 325; Dawwrueng & Dooddeum, 2014: 5; Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015: 548; Chen & Deng, 2022: 73 (key to species of Zhengitettix). Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: •1Ô; open stream near Bạch Mã National Park, N16.22036 E107.88702, 72.9± 6.3 m.a.s.l.; 8 March 2023, 11h01; on a boulder or rock; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.30 (ZRC) (Fig. 11). Remarks. Previously described and known only from Thailand, the male specimen from Bạch Mã National Park represents the first record of this species in Vietnam (Fig. 11). Ecology. This species was found along rivers, on rocks and substrate near the fast-flowing water (Fig. 3). Upon disturbance, this species would fly off. It is likely to be limno-terrestrial, being associated with open stream. Distribution. Thailand: Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Mae Hong Son Province; Vietnam: Thừa Thiên Huễ Province [new]. Type locality. Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Khao Yai.

Epitettix parallelus (Podgornaya, 1986) (Fig. 12) Vaotettix parallelus Podgornaya, 1986: 17. Vaotettix parallelus — Blackith, 1992: 196; Kim & Pham, 2014: 59. Epitettix parallelus — Storozhenko, 2021: 182. Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: •1Ô; Rhododendron Trail, heading to Four Lakes, N16.18950 E107.85360, 1160.0± 7.7 m.a.s.l.; 9 March 2023, 11h02; among leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.63 (ZRC) (Fig. 12). Remarks. This species is widely distributed in Vietnam. The specimen from Bạch Mã National Park, nevertheless, differs by the emarginated apex of posterior process of the pronotum (in typical form apex of process rounded) (Fig. 12). This is likely intraspecific variability. Ecology. The leaf litter area at which the specimen was collected was not too far from a forest stream, but the area is clearly elevated and probably not part of the water table. Distribution. So far, known only from central Vietnam in the provinces of Gia Lai and Thừa Thiên Huễ [new]. Type locality. Vietnam, Gia Lai Province, Buon Luoi.

Bolivaritettix sculptus (Bolívar, 1887) (Fig. 14) Mazarredia sculpta Bolívar, 1887: 237. Mazarredia sculpta — Hancock, 1907b: 32; Kirby, 1914: 51; Hancock, 1915: 100; Bolívar, 1917: 285. Bolivaritettix sculptus — Günther, 1939: 59; Shishodia, 1991: 82; Blackith, 1992: 12; Paris, 1994: 249; Deng et al., 2009: 282; Deng et al., 2010: 48; Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015: 533; Ding et al., 2018: 311; Storozhenko, 2018a: 18; Bhaskar et al., 2022: 422. Mazarredia indotata Bolívar, 1909: 398; synonymized by Günther, 1939: 59. Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: • 1♀; Summit Trail (forest trail), N16.19735 E107.86131, 1401.0±6.0 m.a.s.l.; 7 March 2023, 11h42; on clayey rock; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.16 (ZRC) (Fig. 14). Ecology. The colouration of this species allows it to camouflage among orange clayey rock where it was found. Distribution. India, China, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam: provinces Gia Lai, Vĩnh Phúc, Bình Phýớc, Đắk Lắk, and Thừa Thiên Huễ [new]. Type locality. Vietnam, Gia Lai Province, Buon Luoi.

Hebarditettix magnus Storozhenko, 2017 (Figs. 6, 7) Hebarditettix magnus Storozhenko, 2017: 121. Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: • 1♀; Summit Trail (forest trail), N16.19802 E107.85991, 1457.0± 5.9 m.a.s.l.; 7 March 2023, 21h12; on a vertical surface; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.26 (ZRC) •1Ô; Summit Trail (forest trail), N16.19829 E07.85970, 1447.0±6.0 m.a.s.l.; 7 March 2023, 21h20; on a tree trunk; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.27 (VNMN) (Fig. 7). Remarks. This species was first described from Bạch Mã National Park. This represents the second record of this species. We provide a live image of this species (Fig. 6). Ecology. This species was found among shaded forested habitat (Fig. 2), often dwelling among tree trunks or rocky surfaces (covered with some mosses) (Fig. 6). It seems that this species tends to be found at higher altitudes (see Storozhenko, 2017). Distribution. So far, known only from central Vietnam in the provinces of Thừa Thiên Huễ and Gia Lai. Type locality. Vietnam, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ Province, B ạch Mã National Park.

Criotettix bispinosus (Dalman, 1818) (Figs. 4, 5) Acrydium bispinosum Dalman, 1818: 77. Acridium (Tetrix) bispinosum — Haan, 1843: 169. Criotettix bispinosus [refer to OSF for complete literature]— Bolívar, 1887: 226; Günther, 1937a: 179; Tinkham, 1937: 230; Günther, 1937b: 121–122; Günther, 1939: 319; Shishodia, 1991: 36; Blackith, 1992: 34; Mahmood et al., 2007: 1281; Benediktov. 2013: 257 (vibrational signalling); Tumbrinck, 2015: 276; Deng et al., 2023: 208. Acanthalobus bispinosus — Hancock, 1907b: 29; Kirby 1910: 16; Kirby, 1914: 37; Karny, 1915: 78; Hancock, 1915: 93; Willemse, 1930: 18. Criotettix brachynotus Zheng & Jiang, 1994: 34; synonymized by Deng, 2021: 455. Formosatettix hainanensis Zheng, 2012: 2; synonymized by Deng et al., 2023: 2008. Tettix latispina Walker, 1871: 837; synonymized by Kirby, 1910: 18. Acanthalobus longinotus Hancock, 1907a: 221; synonymized by Blackith, 1992: 35. Tettix simplex Walker, 1871: 836; synonymized by Kirby, 1910: 18. Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: •1Ô, 1♀; road-side vegetation along road to summit, N16.24626 E107.86881, 85.9± 6.1 m.a.sl., 7 March 2023, 9h16; on a leaf of a shrub; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET. 23.12, 13 (ZRC) • 1♀; road-side vegetation along road to summit, N16.24198 E107.86661, 144.7± 6.9 m.a.s.l.; 7 March 2023, 10h09; on a rock with flowing water; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.15 (VNMN) • 3Ô; open stream near Bạch Mã National Park, N16.22036 E107.88702, 72.9± 6.3 m.a.s.l.; 8 March 2023, 11h01; on boulders and rocks; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.39–41 (ZRC) (Fig. 5). Ecology. This species was found along rivers, residing on rocks and substrate near the fast-flowing water. However, it has also been found on more vegetated area along road. Distribution. India, Myanmar, South China (including Hainan), Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, and Indonesia (the Greater Sunda Islands). Type locality. Oriental region (without definite locality).

Bolivaritettix chinensis (Hancock, 1912) (Fig. 13) Mazarredia chinensis Hancock, 1912: 140. Bolivaritettix chinensis — Günther, 1939: 59; Günther, 1941: 149; Kim & Pham, 2014: 59; Storozhenko, 2018a: 504. Material examined. VIETNAM, Thừa Thiên Huễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: • 1♀; 22–23 September 2008, coll. V. G. Bezborodov (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia). Remarks. This species was reported in Bạch Mã National Park (Storozhenko, 2018a). Distribution. Vietnam: provinces Cao Bằng, Hòa Bình, Thừa Thiên Huễ, Lang Son, Thái Nguyên, Vĩnh Phúc. Type locality. Tonkin, Than Moi (northern Vietnam).

Tegotettix bufocrocodil (Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015) (Figs. 8–10) Gavialidium bufocrocodil Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015: 540. Gavialidium bufocrocodil — Storozhenko, 2018b: 19. Tegotettix bufocrocodil — Muhammad et al., 2018: 31. Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: •1Ô, 4♀, 3 nymphs; along stream near Bạch Mã National Park, N16.22419 E107.88233, 57.4± 4.5 m.a.s.l.; 8 March 2023, 19h37; on a tree trunk; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET. 23.42–49 (ZRC) •1Ô; forest near Bạch Mã National Park, N16.22069 E107.88253, 74.9± 6.5 m.a.s.l.; 9 March 2023, 21h11; on a tree trunk; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.73 (VNMN). Remarks. This represents the first record of this species in Vietnam. Ecology. This species was found along forest edge not too far from a river and dwelling among tree trunks, often staying still and camouflaging among the crevices (Figs. 8–10). Adults and nymphs can be found aggregating together on a few trees. Distribution. Thailand: Nakhon Ratchasima and Trat Provinces; Cambodia: Sen Monorom; Vietnam: Thừa Thiên Huễ Province [new]. Type locality. Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Khao Yai.

Rhopalina bachma Tan & Storozhenko, sp. nov. (Fig. 17) Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ Province, B ạch Mã National Park: • ♀ holotype; Rhododendron Trail, heading to Four Lakes, N16.18950 E107.85360, 1160.0± 7.7 m.a.s.l.; 9 March 2023, 11h02; among leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.62 (VNMN) (Fig. 17). Remarks. This represents the second species from this little-known genus. The previously monotypic genus consisted of Rhopalina javana Tinkham, 1939 from Java. Here, a second species from this genus was discovered in Indochina (quite far away from Java) and is described. The fastigium of the holotype has its right margin rounded, but its left margin emarginated in the middle. It is unclear if this asymmetry is due to defects (e.g., damaged during individual development), injuries or genuine character. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Rhopalina javana in the general habitus, colouration and the shape of fastigium but differs from latter by the antennal groove inserted at the lower margins of the eyes, the tegmen stouter, 2.4–2.5 times as long as wide, and the pronotum well-surpassing apices of ovipositor (in R. javana, the antennal groove instead of above lower margins of the eyes, the tegmen 2.6–2.7 times as long as wide, and the pronotum slightly surpassing apices of ovipositor). Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, Bạch Mã National Park; noun in apposition. Description. Habitus as shown in Figs. 17A, 17B. Different shades of brown, ranging from pale brown, dark brown to red brown, well camouflaged against leaf litter on the ground. Head: In frontal view (Fig. 17C): antennal groove inserted at lower margin of eyes. Fastigium produced into obtuse apex. Face with numerous small nodules and large oval nodules above clypeal triangle; with robust lateral carinae running from ventrad of eyes to labrum, slightly bent in middle. Frontal costa elongated, bifurcation of frontal costa in line with slightly dorsal of middle of eye. Facial carinae straight and slightly diverging ventrally. Compound eyes hemispheric, not exerted above vertex, 1.41 times taller than wide. Lateral ocelli slightly ventral of bifurcation of frontal costa and slightly above antennal groove in line with middle of eye. In dorsal view (Fig. 17A): apex of fastigium surpasses frontal margin of eyes; right margin of fastigium rounded, left margin emarginated in the middle. Vertex 1.47 times wider than eye width. Lateral carinae of fastigium not distinct; median carina more distinct, reaching apex of fastigium. In lateral view (Fig. 17B): frontal costa well protruding in front of eyes into obtuse apex. Mouthparts with labrum pale coloured. Maxillary palps pale coloured with tint of grey on anterior (or dorsal parts), elongated; with apical (fifth) segment more oval, longest following by third segment and then subapical (fourth) segment. Pronotum: Pronotum surpassing posterior femur, nearly reaching middle of posterior tibia, 3.26 times longer than wide (pronotal lateral lobe width). In lateral view (Fig. 17B): with median, humero-apical and interhumeral carina weakly produced. Infrascapular area broad. Angle of ventral sinus between lateral shoulder and lateral lobe nearly right-angled. In dorsal view (Fig. 17A): median carina distinct throughout length of pronotum (except very close to the posterior end). Lateral carinae distinct. Interhumeral carina distinct, diverging posteriorly. Lateral lobe of pronotum slightly produced, and broadly triangular; posterior margin of lateral lobe acute. Apical end of pronotal disc narrow and truncated. Legs: Fore and middle legs (Fig. 17A): femora generally marmoration of pale and dark spots; tibiae with dark and light bands. Hind legs (Fig. 17B): hind femur about 4.29 times longer than wide, about 1.09 times longer than hind tibia; with clear carinae along dorsal margin; marmoration of pale and dark spots and ventrad of ventroexternal carina dark coloured. Knee of posterior femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth acute. Hind tibia dark coloured with shades of pale colouration; with six spines on each lateral margin, with numerous spinules between these large dorsal spines. Basal article of hind tarsus generally pale coloured, 1.38 times longer than apical article; middle article dark coloured very short; apical article white, except apex being slightly darker in colouration. Abdomen: Tergites and sternites typically dark coloured with pale-coloured nodules. Ovipositor (Fig. 17D) with pale-coloured spinules with apex red brown; dorsal and ventral valves with sparse hairs along dorsal and ventral margin. Dorsal valve with eight dorsal spines, apex acute; ventral valve with six ventral spines typically smaller than dorsal spines; apical ventral spine of ventral valve more hooked at apex than apical dorsal spine of dorsal valve; spines on valves increasing larger and robust apically. Apices of ovipositor valves red brown. Subgenital plate short in lateral view (Fig. 17D), truncated with medial lobule in ventral view (Fig. 17E). Measurements (in mm). PL = 10.34; PW = 3.18; PH = 1.73; HWL = 8.13; HFL = 5.10; HFW = 1.19; TL = 1.20; VW = 0.66; EW = 0.45; SW = 0.19; IAH = 0.22; BL = 8.16; PAW = 1.45; PPW = 1.99; MAL = 0.36; MAW = 0.05; 1 stAW = 0.20; TW = 0.55; FFL = 1.92; FFW = 0.53; MFL = 2.09; MFW = 0.54; HTL = 4.67; 1 st TaL = 0.87; 3 rd TaL = 0.63; SGPL = 0.67; SGPW = 0.54; OVDL = 1.02; OVDW = 0.31; OVVL = 1.01; OVVW = 0.25 Ecology. The leaf litter area at which the specimen was collected was not too far from a forest stream, but the area is clearly elevated and probably not part of the water table. Distribution. So far known only from type locality. Type locality. Vietnam, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ Province, B ạch Mã National Park.

Miriatroides luna Tan & Storozhenko, sp. nov. (Figs. 15, 16) Material examined. VIETNAM, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ province, Bạch Mã National Park: •Ô holotype; Summit Trail (forest trail), N16.19667 E107.86169, 1428.0± 5.8 m.a.s.l.; 7 March 2023, 20h15; hiding among rotten tree trunk on the ground; coll. M.K. Tan & V. T. Trung; VIET.23.17 (VNMN) (Figs. 15, 16). Diagnosis. This new species is most similar to Miriatroides kannackiensis Storozhenko, 2016 from Gia Lai Province, but differs from latter (as well as from all other congeners) by the rostrum more projected in lateral view and the fore femur with margins (especially ventral margin) undulated. Etymology. This species is named after the moon (in Latin, luna = moon), as the holotype was collected near the summit on a clear night with a full moon. Description. Habitus as shown in Figs. 15, 16A, 16B. Different shades of brown, ranging from pale brown, and dark brown to red brown, well camouflaged against leaf litter and tree trunk on the ground. Head: In frontal view (Fig. 16C): antennal groove inserted below lower margin of eyes. Fastigium convex; sinuosoidal on anterior border. Face with numerous nodules. Frontal costa elongated. Bifurcation of frontal costa in line with middle of eye. Facial carinae faintly sinusoidal. Compound eyes hemispheric, not exerted above vertex, 1.55 times taller than wide. Lateral ocelli slightly ventral of bifurcation of frontal costa and slightly above antennal groove. In dorsal view (Fig. 16A): apex of fastigium clearly surpasses frontal margin of eyes, emarginated in the middle. Vertex 1.53 times wider than eye width. Lateral carinae of fastigium not distinct; median carina well surpassing apex of fastigium. In lateral view: frontal costa arched and well protruding in front of eyes. Mouthparts mostly brown to grey with small pale-coloured nodules. Maxillary palps pale coloured with tint of grey; with segments stout and apical segment somewhat oval. Pronotum: Pronotum reaching apex of posterior knee, 2.03 times longer than wide (pronotal lateral lobe width). In lateral view (Fig. 16B): with median, humero-apical, and interhumeral carinae irregularly undulated. Infrascapular area broad. Angle of ventral sinus between lateral shoulder and lateral lobe acute. In dorsal view (Fig. 16A): median carina distinct throughout length of pronotum, flanked by a network of irregular carinae. Lateral carinae distinct. Interhumeral carina distinct, diverging posteriorly. In dorsal view (Fig. 16A), lower margin of lateral lobe of pronotum leaf-shaped. Apical end of pronotal disc acute. Legs (Figs. 16A, 16B): Fore and middle legs: generally brown with either dark- or light-coloured bands. Fore femur with distinct dorsal carina straight, with ventral carina undulated, forming three nodules. Middle femur with less distinct dorsal and ventral carinae, clearly not undulating; lateral external carina undulated, forming two or three small nodules. Hind legs: posterior femur about 3.36 times longer than wide, about 1.34 times longer than hind tibia; with clear carinae along dorsal margin. Knee of hind femur with antegenicular tooth small but acute, genicular tooth rounded. Posterior tibia dark coloured anteriorly, becoming slightly lighter in colouration; with five spines on each lateral margin, with numerous spinules between these large dorsal spines. Basal article of hind tarsus generally pale coloured, 0.78 times as long as apical article; middle article dark coloured and very short; apical article white, except apex being black. Abdomen: Tergites and sternites typically dark coloured with some sparse patches of pale spots. Subgenital plate triangular (Figs. 16D, 16E). Measurements (in mm). PL = 7.17; PW = 3.54; PH = 1.20; HWL = NA; HFL = 4.53; HFW = 1.35; TL = NA; VW = 0.55; EW = 0.36; SW = 0.14; IAH = 0.52; BL = 7.34; PAW = 1.47; PPW = 2.16; MAL =?; MAW =?; 1 stAW = 0.18; TW = NA; FFL = 1.70; FFW = 0.55; MFL = 1.93; MFW = 0.44; HTL = 3.37; 1 st TaL = 0.49; 3 rd TaL = 0.63; SGPL = 0.56; SGPW = 0.59. Ecology. Only one specimen was encountered staying still and camouflaging itself in a decaying wood on the ground of a sheltered montane forest habitat at high altitude of Bạch Mã National Park (Fig. 3). Upon disturbance, it remained still. Distribution. So far known only from type locality. Type locality. Vietnam, Th ừa Thiên Hu ễ Province, B ạch Mã National Park.

Crematogaster modiglianii Crematogaster modiglianii has a widespread distribution in South-East Asia, but does not occur in Java, while another widespread species, C. seaeardi, occurs also in Java. What could explain the absence of C. modiglianii on Java? Menzel & Blüthgen (2010) revealed parabiotic associations between C. modiglianii and Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) rufifemur Emery, 1900. Camponotus rufifemur is known from the Indochinese Peninsula, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and Philippines, but not distributed in Java (Antmaps, 2021; AntWiki, 2021). The close relationship might have affected the absence of C. modiglianii in Java. Alternately, Java has a different climate from the other islands on the Sunda Shelf (Wilting et al., 2012). The climate of Java is drier than in other parts of the Sunda Shelf (Heaney, 1991). Veron et al. (2007) suggested that open and drier habitat in Java at the time might have affected the species distribution of the mongoose Herpestes species. Land bridges connecting the Sundaic regions might have allowed for the migration of C. modiglianii, but the species did not successfully colonize, probably due to ecological competition with related taxa., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo, Maruyama, Munetoshi, Yamane, Seiki, Jaitrong, Weeyawat, Hashim, Rosli, Syaukani, Syaukani, Sokh, Heng, Itioka, Takao, Meleng, Paulus & Pham, Thai Hong, 2023, Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Crematogaster inflata-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South-East Asia, pp. 901-922 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3) on page 916, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad005, http://zenodo.org/record/8141964, {"references":["Menzel F, Bluthgen N. 2010. Parabiotic associations between tropical ants: equal partnership or parasitic exploitation? Journal of Animal Ecology 79: 71 - 81.","Antmaps. 2021. Antmaps. Available at: http: // www. antmaps. org / (accessed on 1 March 2021).","Wilting A, Sollmann R, Meijaard E, Helgen KM, Fickel J. 2012. Mentawai's endemic, relictual fauna: is it evidence for Pleistocene extinctions on Sumatra? Journal of Biogeography 39: 1608 - 1620.","Heaney LR. 1991. A synopsis of climatic and vegetational change in South-East-Asia. Climatic Change 19: 53 - 61.","Veron G, Patou M-L, Pothet G, Simberloff D, Jennings AP. 2007. Systematic status and biogeography of the Javan and small Indian mongooses (Herpestidae, Carnovora). Zoologica Scripta 36: 1 - 10."]}

Hosoishi, Shingo, Maruyama, Munetoshi, Yamane, Seiki, Jaitrong, Weeyawat, Hashim, Rosli, Syaukani, Syaukani, Sokh, Heng, Itioka, Takao, Meleng, Paulus, Pham, Thai Hong (2023): Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Crematogaster inflata-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South-East Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3): 901-922, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad005, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/198/3/901/7197147

The Crematogaster difformis-subgroup The relationships of the sister-species in the C. difformis -subgroup were variable with respect to their geographical distribution patterns. Crematogaster ampullaris and C. seaeardi display an allopatric distribution, whereas C. difformis and C. tanakai display a sympatric distribution. The closely related C. ampullaris and C. seaeardi illustrate an interesting distribution pattern with C. ampullaris in Sulawesi and C. seaeardi widespread elsewhere in South-East Asia. The estimated dating suggests that C. ampullaris and C. seaeardi diverged approximately 4 Mya (Fig. 4; Table 2). The divergence implies a recent split of these populations and landmass distributions in that geological time (Hall, 2002) suggesting that the ancestor of both species dispersed from the Sundaic region to Sulawesi west-to-east across Wallace’s Line. Sulawesi is considered to have taken its present form due to the collision of different islands c. 15–5 Mya (Lohman et al., 2011). As the last possible connections between Borneo and Sulawesi were during the Pliocene or the Miocene (Morales & Melnick, 1998; Mercer & Roth, 2003), the colonization of Sulawesi by the common ancestor may have occurred much later after the island collision event. The ancestor of C. seaeardi and C. ampullaris may have expanded its range to western Sulawesi (eastern Sunda Shelf) during low sea-level periods and evolved into C. ampullaris. As the Makassar Strait is a deep trench, Borneo and Sulawesi were not connected when sea levels dropped. Their diversification resulted from ‘an inter-island dispersal combined with climatic vicariance event’ (Condamine et al., 2013). Crematogaster difformis and C. tanakai are sympatric in Borneo, and their habitats are spatially close to each other. Crematogaster difformis has an obligate mutualistic relationship with Lecanopteris and Platycerium ferns in canopy trees of lowland rainforests, and C. tanakai inhabits the same nests with C. difformis (Tanaka et al., 2009, 2012; Tanaka & Itioka, 2011). This restricted distribution demonstrates distinct endemism and is, therefore, of conservation significance. Lecanopteris fern species are found in the canopies of lowland tropical rainforests. The preservation of such primary forests will lead to the conservation of the endemic species. Molecular dating indicates that C. difformis and C. tanakai diverged approximately 1 Mya (Fig. 4; Table 2). The low divergence implies a recent speciation. As in C. aurita, the dispersal event and competition can explain similarly the position of C. mucronata, which is endemic to Sumatra (Fig. 4). Klaus et al. (2013) suggested early divergence of freshwater crabs Parathelphusa and subsequent appearance on Sumatra, since much of Sumatra was still submerged during the Late Miocene. In contrast, the ancestor of C. mucronata already appeared on fragmented Sumatra during the Late Miocene. Freshwater crabs require more land area for their habitats, but ants presumably do not require large areas as Yamane (2013) listed 126 ant species having colonized Krakatau Island after eruption. Faunal and genetic similarities between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatran populations have been documented for several taxa (Gorog et al., 2004; Lohman et al., 2011; Leonard et al., 2015), as the two areas were connected at sea level 20–30 m below the present level (Voris, 2000)., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo, Maruyama, Munetoshi, Yamane, Seiki, Jaitrong, Weeyawat, Hashim, Rosli, Syaukani, Syaukani, Sokh, Heng, Itioka, Takao, Meleng, Paulus & Pham, Thai Hong, 2023, Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Crematogaster inflata-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South-East Asia, pp. 901-922 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3) on page 917, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad005, http://zenodo.org/record/8141964, {"references":["Hall R. 2002. Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20: 353 - 431.","Lohman DJ, de Bruyn M, Page T, von Rintelen K, Hall R, Ng PKL, Shin H-T, Carvalho GR, von Rintelen T. 2011. Biogeography of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Annual ReVieae of Ecology, EVolution, and Systematics 42: 205 - 226.","Morales JC, Melnick DJ. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of the macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca), as revealed by high resolution restriction site mapping of mitochondrial ribosomal genes. Journal of Human EVolution 34: 1 - 23.","Mercer JM, Roth VL. 2003. The effects of Cenozoic global change on squirrel phylogeny. Science 299: 1568 - 1572.","Condamine FL, Toussaint EFA, Cotton AM, Genson GS, Sperling FAH, Kergoat GJ. 2013. Fine-scale biogeographical and temporal diversification processes of peacock swallowtails (Papilio subgenus Achillides) in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Cladistics 29: 88 - 111.","Tanaka HO, Inui Y, Itioka T. 2009. Anti-herbivore effects of an ant species, Crematogaster difformis, inhabiting myrmecophytic epiphytes in the canopy of a tropical lowland rainforest in Borneo. Ecological Research 24: 1393 - 1397.","Tanaka HO, Yamane S, Itioka T. 2012. Effects of a ferndwelling ant species, Crematogaster difformis, on the ant assemblages of emergent trees in a Bornean tropical rainforest. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 105: 592 - 598.","Tanaka HO, Itioka T. 2011. Ants inhabiting myrmecophytic ferns regulate the distribution of lianas on emergent trees in a Bornean tropical rainforest. Biology Letters 7: 706 - 709.","Klaus S, Selvandran S, Goh JW, Wowor D, Brandis D, Koller P, Schubart CD, Streit B, Meier R, Ng PKL, Yeo DCJ. 2013. Out of Borneo: Neogene diversification of Sundaic freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae: Parathelphusa). Journal of Biogeography 40: 63 - 74.","Yamane SK. 2013. A review of the ant fauna of the Krakatau Islands, Indonesia. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History 11: 1 - 66.","Gorog AJ, Sinaga MH, Engstrom MD. 2004. Vicariance or dispersal? Historical biogeography of three Sunda shelf murine rodents (Maxomys surifer, Leopoldamys sabanus and Maxomys aehiteheadi). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 81: 91 - 109.","Leonard JA, Den Tex R-J, Hawkins MTR, Munoz-Fuentes V, Thorington R, Maldonado JE. 2015. Phylogeography of vertebrates on the Sunda Shelf: a multi-species comparison. Journal of Biogeography 42: 871 - 879.","Voris HK. 2000. Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in South-East Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations. Journal of Biogeography 27: 1153 - 1167."]}

The Crematogaster inflata-subgroup Crematogaster aurita is distributed in Indochina, and does not extend southward beyond the Isthmus of Kra. The phylogenetic position of the species was sister to C. onusta within the C. inflata -subgroup. Biogeographic analyses based on the distribution pattern and phylogenetic position of the species suggests that C. aurita appeared as a result of a dispersal event (Fig. 4). During the Pliocene to Pleistocene, terrestrial Indochinese animals might have had many opportunities to disperse to the Sundaic regions and vice versa, since these land areas were connected in the Sunda Shelf during glacial periods. The absence of C. aurita to the south of the Isthmus of Kra presumably resulted from limited dispersal capability and could also be a consequence of competition between related species. The distribution in the Indochinese Peninsula is possibly related to the preference of C. aurita for open, dry habitats. This preference could be explained by savannah corridors that are thought to have spanned Sundaland during glacial periods (Bird et al., 2005) and drier and seasonal habitats are currently present in the Indochinese Peninsula and Java. However, Crematogaster inflata and C. physothorax are sympatric in the Malay Peninsula. Our molecular dating analyses revealed that C. inflata and C. physothorax diverged approximately 6 Mya (Fig. 4; Table 2). This high divergence implies an old split of these populations. It is unclear whether this divergence resulted from a vicariant event or dispersal of the ancestor of both species. The sympatric distribution of these two species in the peninsula might be due to secondary contact after their speciation (Fig. 4). The estimated divergence suggests that the present geographic overlap of the two species is the result of independent colonization events from different geographic centres of origin. Hosoishi & Ogata (2009: figs 25, 28) represented the distribution records of Crematogaster inflata and C. physothorax based on the original descriptions and literature, but the allocations in the figures seem controversial. A record of C. inflata from Myanmar was based on misidentification. Yet extensive field surveys in the Indochinese Peninsula were not able to find C. physothorax (e.g. Khachonpisitsak et al., 2020), whose type locality is Thagata, Tenasserim, Myanmar and presumably this species is not distributed in the Indochinese Peninsula., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo, Maruyama, Munetoshi, Yamane, Seiki, Jaitrong, Weeyawat, Hashim, Rosli, Syaukani, Syaukani, Sokh, Heng, Itioka, Takao, Meleng, Paulus & Pham, Thai Hong, 2023, Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Crematogaster inflata-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South-East Asia, pp. 901-922 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3) on page 916, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad005, http://zenodo.org/record/8141964, {"references":["Bird MI, Taylor D, Hunt C. 2005. Palaeoenvironments of insular South-East Asia during the Last Glacial Period: a savanna corridor in Sundaland? Quaternary Science ReVieaes 24: 2228 - 2242.","Hosoishi S, Ogata K. 2009. A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 2062: 15 - 36.","Khachonpisitsak S, Yamane S, Sriwichai P, Jaitrong W. 2020. An updated checklist of the ants of Thailand (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 998: 1 - 182."]}

The Crematogaster Ʋacca-subgroup The phylogenetic relationship between the C. Ʋaccasubgroup and their ancestral state reconstruction suggests that their common ancestor occurred in the Sundaic region and its founder dispersed to Sumatra (Fig. 4). During glacial periods, the populations (C. yamanei) retracted into glacial forest refugia. When environmental conditions became favourable for expansion, the populations recolonized, but in the Sundaic region they were restricted to higher elevation areas due to competition with the C. inflata -subgroup and the C. difformis -subgroup, which were already present in this area at lower elevations. Crematogaster yamanei is endemic to Sumatra, but closely related to C. Ʋacca, which is distributed in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. Meijaard’s (2004) mammal studies suggested that Sumatra shares elements of its fauna with both the Bornean/Javan and Malayan regions as a result of secondary contact. Those patterns are found in the younger taxon C. yamanei, but not in the older taxon C. mucronata. The restricted distributions of C. mucronata and C. yamanei could have resulted from another speciation event and extirpation of the relatives, respectively., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo, Maruyama, Munetoshi, Yamane, Seiki, Jaitrong, Weeyawat, Hashim, Rosli, Syaukani, Syaukani, Sokh, Heng, Itioka, Takao, Meleng, Paulus & Pham, Thai Hong, 2023, Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Crematogaster inflata-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South-East Asia, pp. 901-922 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3) on page 917, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad005, http://zenodo.org/record/8141964, {"references":["Meijaard E. 2004. SolVing mammalian riddles: a reconstruction of the Tertiary and Quaternary distribution of mammals and their palaeoenVironments in island South-East Asia. PhD Thesis, Australian National University, 349."]}

IS CREMATOGASTER SUBCIRCULARIS A RELICT SPECIES? Crematogaster subcircularis was revealed to have an interesting distribution pattern. This species is found in mountainous areas (600–1250 m elevation) of the Sundaic region: the Malay Peninsula (Fraser’s Hill, 1000 m), Borneo (Poring, 600–700 m; Crocker Range, 1100 m) and Java (Cikaniki, 1000–1250 m). This distribution suggests that the ancestor retreated to high-altitude forests during the ice age, whereas the other related species (C. modiglianii) remained in lowaltitude forests (0–600 m elevation). Despite a postulated savannah corridor through central Sundaland (Bird et al., 2005) that might have restricted the west– east dispersal of forest species, gallery forests in the Sunda Shelf could have served as corridors for forest species and facilitated the dispersal of C. subcircularis (Fig. 4). Rising sea-levels in the Late Pleistocene may have isolated the three populations. Molecular dating estimates and restricted highland distribution imply that C. subcircularis is a relict species. Several studies have hypothesized that continuous mountain ranges, which span Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, south China and Vietnam, acted as glacial refugia (Brandon-Jones, 1996; Gorog et al., 2004; Iyengar et al., 2005). Assuming that C. subcircularis is a relict with a wide distribution range in the glacial periods, those populations were fragmented into several geographical ones when the sea level was higher, then closely related or sister-species might have retreated to the high-elevation refugia of mainland South-East Asia (Surridge et al., 1999)., Published as part of Hosoishi, Shingo, Maruyama, Munetoshi, Yamane, Seiki, Jaitrong, Weeyawat, Hashim, Rosli, Syaukani, Syaukani, Sokh, Heng, Itioka, Takao, Meleng, Paulus & Pham, Thai Hong, 2023, Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Crematogaster inflata-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South-East Asia, pp. 901-922 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3) on pages 917-918, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad005, http://zenodo.org/record/8141964, {"references":["Bird MI, Taylor D, Hunt C. 2005. Palaeoenvironments of insular South-East Asia during the Last Glacial Period: a savanna corridor in Sundaland? Quaternary Science ReVieaes 24: 2228 - 2242.","Brandon-Jones D. 1996. The Asian Colobinae (Mammalia, Cercopithecidae) as indicators of Quaternary climatic changes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 59: 327 - 350.","Gorog AJ, Sinaga MH, Engstrom MD. 2004. Vicariance or dispersal? Historical biogeography of three Sunda shelf murine rodents (Maxomys surifer, Leopoldamys sabanus and Maxomys aehiteheadi). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 81: 91 - 109.","Iyengar A, Babu N, Hedges S, Venkataraman A, Maclean N, Morin PA. 2005. Phylogeography, genetic structure and diversity in the dhole (Cuon alpinus). Molecular Ecology 14: 2281 - 2297.","Surridge AK, Timmins RJ, Hewitt GM, Bell DJ. 1999. Striped rabbits in South-East Asia. Nature 400: 726 - 726."]}

The new genus Pumatiracia gen. nov. is described to accommodate a new species, P. venosa gen. et sp. nov. from Pu Mat National Park in Vietnam. The new genus is placed in the subtribe Parahiraciina of the Parahiraciini. It is compared with the genera Laohiracia Constant, 2021, Macrodarumoides Che, Zhang et Wang, 2012, Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang et Wang, 2011, and Rostrolatum Che, Zhang et Wang, 2020 with which it shares possessing an elongate head. Illustrations of habitus, details, and male genitalia are given as well as a distribution map and photographs of the habitat. Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021 is recorded for the first time from Vietnam, Pu Luong National Park; living specimens and habitat are illustrated, and the distribution map updated. The Parahiraciini fauna of Vietnam now comprises 14 species belonging to 11 genera.

Genus Cretanabis Kim & Jung gen. nov. Type species. Cretanabis kerzhneri sp. nov., by present designation. Etymology. Name derives from a combination of Cretaceous and ‘ Nabis ’, referring to the nabine group from the Cretaceous; gender masculine. Diagnosis. Differs from the nymphs (III instars) of other nabine genera(e. g., Arachnocoris Scott,1881; Gorpis Stål, 1859; Himacerus s. str. Wolff, 1811; Hoplistoscelis Reuter, 1890; Lasiomerus Reuter, 1890; Nabis s. lat. Latreille, 1802; Stalia Reuter, 1872; Stenonabis Reuter, 1890) by the following combination of characters: body ovoid, armed with long sparse spines; head length less than width, width more than first antennomere length; antennae shorter than body length; first segment significantly thick; tapered to apex; third and fourth antennomeres covered with long setae; pronotum trapezoid, basal width less then basal width of mesothorax; femora and tibiae with long spines; tarsus less than 1/2 length of tibia in midleg; tarsus less than 1/3 length of tibia in hindleg; second tarsomere longest in mid and hind legs. Description. Body ovoid, unicolorous. Surface and vestiture. Body glabrous, armed with long spines; head with spines (Fig. 2A, B); antennae covered with long setae (Fig. 2C); pronotum with spines laterally; legs with spines, tibia with dense spines. Structure. Head: hypognathous, wider than long; vertex narrow, narrower than a single compound eye width; antennae cylindrical, linear, shorter than body length; first antennomere shortest, shorter than head width. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, anterior width shorter than head width; pronotal midline length as long as 1/2 of basal width, longer than mesothorax midline length; mesothorax basal width more than pronotal basal width; legs generally slender; fore femur slightly incrassate; fore femur as long as fore tibia; femora and tibiae with spines (Fig. 2D, E); tarsus three segmented, tarsus less than 1/2 length of tibia in midleg, tarsus less than 1/3 length of tibia in hindleg; second tarsomere longest. Abdomen: ovoid, abdominal segment VII widest. Genitalia: not visible. Remarks. A structure that morphologically resembles a fossula spongiosa is thinly developed on the apex of fore and middle tibiae. Further detailed examination of this structure is needed using suitable methodology (e. g., micro-CT, laser scanning confocal microscopy)., Published as part of KIM, JUNGGON, ROCA-CUSACHS, MARCOS, PHAM, THAI HONG PHAM & JUNG, SUNGHOON, 2023, Cretanabis kerzhneri gen. et sp. nov., the oldest nabine genus and species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nabidae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, pp. 41-48 in Palaeoentomology 6 (1) on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7754940

Cretanabis kerzhneri Kim & Jung sp. nov. (Figs 2, 3) Type material. [CRBA] Holotype: Holotype male in a 25×10× 3 mm cabochon-shaped piece of amber. Dorsal and ventral surfaces flat. Etymology. Named in memory of Izya M. Kerzhner, a taxonomist of Nabidae; treated as a noun in genitive case. Diagnosis. As for genus. Type locality and horizon. Uncertain locality in the Kachin State, northern Myanmar; mid-Cretaceous (Mao et al., 2018). Description. Instar III (supposed to belong to this instar). Body ovoid, length 2.36 mm. Coloration. Mostly of brown coloration, nearly unicolorous. Surface and vestiture. Body glabrous, beset partly with long spines on frons, clypeus and mandibular plates of head, thorax laterally, and femora and tibia of legs; third and fourth antennomeres covered with long setae. Structure. Head: hypognathous, length less than width, more than pronotal midline; vertex narrow, narrower than a single compound eye width; ocelli absent; antennae cylindrical, linear, shorter than body length; first antennomere shortest, shorter than head width; second antennomere as long as head width and third antennomere, slightly thicker than third and fourth antennomeres; fourth antennomere longest; proportion of first to fourth segments 0.23: 0.48: 0.43: 0.61; labium missing. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, anterior width shorter than head width, pronotal midline length as long as 1/2 of basal width,longer than mesothorax midline; mesothorax without distinct wing pad, posterior margin slightly sinuate, posterior width more than pronotal posterior width; legs generally slender; fore femur slightly incrassate and as long as fore tibia; apical part of tibia with dense spines, less than 10 in number; tarsus threesegmented, length less than 1/2 tibia in midleg, and less than 1/3 tibia in hindleg. Abdomen: ovoid, abdominal segment VII widest. Genitalia: not developed. Measurements. (in mm) body length: 2.36; head length 0.51; head width including compound eyes: 0.53; vertex width: 0.11; first antennomere: 0.23; second antennomere: 0.48; third antennomere: 0.43; fourth antennomere: 0.61; anterior pronotal width: 0.28; pronotal midline length: 0.33; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 0.44; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 0.88: 1.77: 0.43. Remarks. The nymphal instar III was determined by the shape of body and wing pad development (no wing pad in this fossil specimen (Figs 2, 3))., Published as part of KIM, JUNGGON, ROCA-CUSACHS, MARCOS, PHAM, THAI HONG PHAM & JUNG, SUNGHOON, 2023, Cretanabis kerzhneri gen. et sp. nov., the oldest nabine genus and species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nabidae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, pp. 41-48 in Palaeoentomology 6 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7754940, {"references":["Mao, Y. Y., Liang, K., Su, Y. T., Li, J. G., Rao, X., Zhang, H., Xia, F. Y., Fu, Y. Z., Cai, C. Y. & Huang, D. Y. (2018) Various amberground marine animals on Burmese amber with discussions on its age. Palaeoentomology, 1 (1), 91 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 1.1.11"]}

Genus Cretanabis Kim & Jung gen. nov. Type species. Cretanabis kerzhneri sp. nov., by present designation. Etymology. Name derives from a combination of Cretaceous and ‘ Nabis ’, referring to the nabine group from the Cretaceous; gender masculine. Diagnosis. Differs from the nymphs (III instars) of other nabine genera(e. g., Arachnocoris Scott,1881; Gorpis Stål, 1859; Himacerus s. str. Wolff, 1811; Hoplistoscelis Reuter, 1890; Lasiomerus Reuter, 1890; Nabis s. lat. Latreille, 1802; Stalia Reuter, 1872; Stenonabis Reuter, 1890) by the following combination of characters: body ovoid, armed with long sparse spines; head length less than width, width more than first antennomere length; antennae shorter than body length; first segment significantly thick; tapered to apex; third and fourth antennomeres covered with long setae; pronotum trapezoid, basal width less then basal width of mesothorax; femora and tibiae with long spines; tarsus less than 1/2 length of tibia in midleg; tarsus less than 1/3 length of tibia in hindleg; second tarsomere longest in mid and hind legs. Description. Body ovoid, unicolorous. Surface and vestiture. Body glabrous, armed with long spines; head with spines (Fig. 2A, B); antennae covered with long setae (Fig. 2C); pronotum with spines laterally; legs with spines, tibia with dense spines. Structure. Head: hypognathous, wider than long; vertex narrow, narrower than a single compound eye width; antennae cylindrical, linear, shorter than body length; first antennomere shortest, shorter than head width. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, anterior width shorter than head width; pronotal midline length as long as 1/2 of basal width, longer than mesothorax midline length; mesothorax basal width more than pronotal basal width; legs generally slender; fore femur slightly incrassate; fore femur as long as fore tibia; femora and tibiae with spines (Fig. 2D, E); tarsus three segmented, tarsus less than 1/2 length of tibia in midleg, tarsus less than 1/3 length of tibia in hindleg; second tarsomere longest. Abdomen: ovoid, abdominal segment VII widest. Genitalia: not visible. Remarks. A structure that morphologically resembles a fossula spongiosa is thinly developed on the apex of fore and middle tibiae. Further detailed examination of this structure is needed using suitable methodology (e. g., micro-CT, laser scanning confocal microscopy).

Cretanabis kerzhneri Kim & Jung sp. nov. (Figs 2, 3) Type material. [CRBA] Holotype: Holotype male in a 25×10× 3 mm cabochon-shaped piece of amber. Dorsal and ventral surfaces flat. Etymology. Named in memory of Izya M. Kerzhner, a taxonomist of Nabidae; treated as a noun in genitive case. Diagnosis. As for genus. Type locality and horizon. Uncertain locality in the Kachin State, northern Myanmar; mid-Cretaceous (Mao et al., 2018). Description. Instar III (supposed to belong to this instar). Body ovoid, length 2.36 mm. Coloration. Mostly of brown coloration, nearly unicolorous. Surface and vestiture. Body glabrous, beset partly with long spines on frons, clypeus and mandibular plates of head, thorax laterally, and femora and tibia of legs; third and fourth antennomeres covered with long setae. Structure. Head: hypognathous, length less than width, more than pronotal midline; vertex narrow, narrower than a single compound eye width; ocelli absent; antennae cylindrical, linear, shorter than body length; first antennomere shortest, shorter than head width; second antennomere as long as head width and third antennomere, slightly thicker than third and fourth antennomeres; fourth antennomere longest; proportion of first to fourth segments 0.23: 0.48: 0.43: 0.61; labium missing. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, anterior width shorter than head width, pronotal midline length as long as 1/2 of basal width,longer than mesothorax midline; mesothorax without distinct wing pad, posterior margin slightly sinuate, posterior width more than pronotal posterior width; legs generally slender; fore femur slightly incrassate and as long as fore tibia; apical part of tibia with dense spines, less than 10 in number; tarsus threesegmented, length less than 1/2 tibia in midleg, and less than 1/3 tibia in hindleg. Abdomen: ovoid, abdominal segment VII widest. Genitalia: not developed. Measurements. (in mm) body length: 2.36; head length 0.51; head width including compound eyes: 0.53; vertex width: 0.11; first antennomere: 0.23; second antennomere: 0.48; third antennomere: 0.43; fourth antennomere: 0.61; anterior pronotal width: 0.28; pronotal midline length: 0.33; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 0.44; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 0.88: 1.77: 0.43. Remarks. The nymphal instar III was determined by the shape of body and wing pad development (no wing pad in this fossil specimen (Figs 2, 3)).

Cyclorhipidion muticum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Mengzi, Qibaofeng, 23.069N, 103.394E, 1380m, FIT, QBF59, 22.ix.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China * (Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh)., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Xylosandrus spinifer Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Wenshan, Maguan, Gulingqin, 22.732N, 103.994E, 593m, FIT, GLQ45, 12.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China (Hong Kong, Yunnan*), Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Leptoxyleborus machili (Niisima, 1910) New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Bubeng, 21.614N, 101.579E, 811m, FIT, BB800-5FI, 15.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Yunnan *), Indonesia (Sumatra), Japan, East & West Malaysia, Solomon Islands, Thailand., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Niisima, Y. (1910) Die Borkenkaefer Nord- und Mittel-Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 3, 1 - 18."]}

Euwallacea alastos Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 49–52) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5090DCC4-5358-461E-9DCD-59F2D7B1A55D Type material. Holotype, female: JAPAN, G. Lewis, NHMUK014591822 (NHMUK). Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its stout form; declivital posterolateral margin costate and granulate; pronotum appearing subquadrate when viewed dorsally (type 3); protibiae outer margins obliquely triangular bearing five short obtuse denticles; declivital strial punctures approximately the same size on disc and declivity; declivity gradually rounded; and declivital surface opalescent. This species is very similar to E. praevius (Blandford, 1894) and can be distinguished by the following combination of characters (E. alastos given first): stouter form, 2.56 vs 2.72–2.92 × as long as wide; stout elytra 1.44 vs 1.6–1.83 × as long as wide; declivital surface opalescent vs strongly shining; declivital interstriae minutely granulate vs distinctly denticulate. Similar species. E. praevius, E. andamanensis (Blandford, 1896), Xyleborus aquilus Blandford, 1894 Description (female). 3.2 mm long (n = 1); 2.56 × as long as wide. Body ferruginous. Legs and antennae light brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons flattened to upper level of eyes; surface alutaceous sparsely, finely punctate, setose; punctures each a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes deeply emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Antennal scape long and slender, longer than club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 longer than pedicel. Club approximately circular, flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, soft; segments 1‒3 present on posterior face. Pronotum 1.12 × as long as wide. In dorsal view subquadrate with prominent anterolateral corners, type 3, sides weakly convex; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, broad asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc strongly shiny with sparse, minute punctures, some longer hairlike setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles acutely rounded, almost quadrate. Scutellum small, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shiny. Elytra: 1.44 × as long as wide, 1.43 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique and unarmed by granules, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 3/4, then angulate to apex. Disc convex, shiny, striae not impressed, with large, shallow punctures separated by less than one diameter of a puncture, glabrous; interstriae flat, very sparsely finely punctate, punctures half size of strial punctures, each with a long, erect seta (mostly abraded). Declivity occupying approximately half of elytra, gradual, face flat, opalescent; striae impressed, strial punctures as large as those of disc; interstriae impunctate, interstriae uniformly minutely granulate along the entire length. Posterolateral margin elevated, carinate and granulate to interstriae 7. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, posterior face smooth; apical 1/3 of outer margin with five moderate, spaced socketed denticles, their length as long as basal width. Mesotibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight moderate socketed denticles. Distribution. Japan. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. G. alastos = unforgettable. The specimen resided at least 140 years in the NHMUK before its recognition as a new species and its description. Adjective applied as a noun in apposition.

Hadrodemius globus (Blandford, 1896) New record. CHINA, Yunnan, Honghe, Hekou, Dajianshan, 22.909N, 103.697E, 2130m, FIT, DJS4 35, 12.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. Recorded in Southeast Asia from China * (Yunnan), India (Kerala), Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. It also occurs in Malaysia and the Philippines, through Indonesia to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Blandford, W. F. H. (1896) Descriptions of new Scolytidae from the Indo-Malayan and Austro-Malayan regions. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896, 191 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1896. tb 00962. x"]}

Streptocranus mirabilis (Schedl, 1939) New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Bubeng, 21.610N, 101.582E, 717m, FIT, BB600-3FI, 03.iv.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China * (Yunnan), Indonesia (Java), West Malaysia, Thailand., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. (1939) Malaysian Scolytidae and Platypodidae (IV). 57 th contribution. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 18, 327 - 364."]}

Coptodryas mus (Eggers, 1930) New records. China: Yunnan, Honghe, Gejiu, Lvshuihe, 23.032N, 103.407E, 557m, FIT, LSH11, 15.iv.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC); as previous except: 23.032N, 103.407E, 540m, LSH23, 13.v.2018 (1, RABC). Distribution. Bangladesh, China (Guizhou, Yunnan *), India (Sikkim, West Bengal), Vietnam.

Anisandrus proscissus Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 1–4) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7316C9ED-A5DA-4843-9EC3-354D88F9C5AD Type material. Holotype, female: VIETNAM, Ninh Binh Province, Cuc Phuong National Park, 390m, 20 ° 21′03″N 105°35′36″E (12-09), SD Gaimari, M Hauser, Pham HT, 24–28.III.2012, ex yellow pan trap (CDFA). Paratype, female, as holotype except: MSUC_ARC_314157 (1, MSUC). Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the unique elytral sculpturing in which the striae are deeply impressed on the elytral disc and declivity forming deep strial furrows and interstrial ridges, and elytral disc with a weak transverse saddle-like depression. Similar species. Anisandrus sinivali Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a, A. eggersi (Beeson, 1930) Description (female). 3.55 mm long (mean = 3.55 mm; n = 2); 2.22 × as long as wide. Body black, legs and antennae dark brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes, reticulate, moderately punctate; punctures each bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum large, distinctly triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape long and slender, longer than club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 shorter than pedicel. Club longer than wide, obliquely truncate, type 1; segment 1 corneous, encircling anterior face; segment 2 narrow, concave, corneous on anterior face only; sutures absent on posterior face. Pronotum 0.94 × as long as wide. In dorsal view rounded, type 1, sides convex, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with a row of five large serrations. In lateral view short and tall, type 3, disc as long as anterior slope, summit at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, large coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc subshiny, impunctate, feebly asperate, basal and lateral areas densely finely punctate, each puncture bearing moderate, erect, hair-like setae, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles broadly rounded. Mycangial tuft present along basal margin, tuft densely setose, approximately the width of scutellum. Scutellum broad, large, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shiny. Elytra: 1.28 × as long as wide, 1.37 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 1/2, then broadly rounded to apex; surface shining. Disc with a weak medial transverse saddle-like depression, striae strongly impressed from basal fifth, with large, deep subcontiguous punctures, glabrous; interstriae costate, punctate, punctures uniseriate, setose, setae 2–3 × width of interstriae 2, erect hair-like. Declivity occupying ~2/5 elytra, evenly rounded, declivital face appearing bisulcate, deeply impressed between striae 1 and 2; striae deeply impressed, strial punctures larger and deeper than those of disc; interstriae impunctate, tuberculate and setose along interstriae 1, 3, 4, setae 2–4 × width of interstriae 2, erect, hair-like, interstriae 2 narrower than interstriae 3 at midpoint of declivity, declivital interstriae 1–3 armed with a blunt tubercle at summit, interstriae 3 armed by one or two denticles near declivital summit ventrad to tubercle on interstriae 2. Posterolateral margin costate to interstriae 5, unarmed by granules. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/2 of outer margin with seven or eight very large socketed denticles, their length much longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margins evenly rounded with nine or ten and ten or 11 large socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Vietnam. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. L. proscissus = plowed up. In reference to the deep furrows on elytral declivity. A participle of the verb proscindo., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2","Beeson, C. F. C. (1930) The biology of the genus Xyleborus, with more new species. Indian Forest Records, 14, 209 - 272."]}

Cyclorhipidion beaveri Lin & Smith, 2022 New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Mengzi, Qibaofeng, 23.069N, 103.394E, 1380m, FIT, QBF59, 22.ix.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China * (Yunnan), Taiwan., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Lin, C. - S. & Smith, S. M. (2022) Four new species and five new records of xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Xyleborini) from Taiwan. Taiwania, 67, 285 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.6165 / tai. 2022.67.285"]}

Cyclorhipidion achlys Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 21–24) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 17DCDCE9-DF6C-4B6F-8B94-F57908A9DE74 Type material. Holotype, female: VIETNAM, Lao Cai Prov., Hoang Lien N.P., 22.35N, 103.77E, 1500m, 17.v.2019, VN159, SM Smith, AI Cognato, ex 3–5 cm branch, SAX 397 [DNA voucher], MSUC_ARC_314124 (MSUC). GenBank. CAD: OP607183 and COI: OP617754. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the short, steep declivity that is ~1/5 of total elytral length, armed with large distinct tubercles on interstriae 1 and 3, interstriae 2 minutely granulate on basal third; moderate body length; posterolateral margins rounded; declivital interstriae 1 setae in three confused rows, interstriae 2 setae uniseriate; declivity strongly shagreened; strial and interstrial punctures small, shallow, strongly confused and indistinguishable. Cyclorhipidion achlys shares a similar declivital setal pattern and size as C. pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878), but can be distinguished by the strial punctures which are large, distinct and seriate. Similar species. Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum Description (female). 3.4 mm long (n = 1); 3.09 × as long as wide. Body dark reddish brown, antennae and legs brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes; surface subshining, impunctate, alutaceous, finely rugose. Eyes deeply emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel narrower than scape, as long as funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 shorter than pedicel. Club approximately circular and flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying about 2/5 of club; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1‒2 present on posterior face. Pronotum 1.09 × as long as wide. In dorsal view subquadrate, sides convex, type 3, narrowly rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate with disc much longer than anterior slope, type 7, disc flat, summit at apical 2/5. Anterior slope shagreened, with densely spaced, fine, narrow asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit, bearing long, fine, semi-recumbent, hair-like setae. Disc dull, alutaceous, densely, finely punctate, finely setose, setae recumbent, hair-like. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum moderate, broad, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shining. Elytra: 2.0 × as long as wide, 1.83 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 9/10, then strongly rounded to apex. Disc flat, shining, striae and interstriae moderately setose, setae long, erect, hair-like, striae not impressed, punctures minute, confused, spaced by 4‒6 diameters of a puncture; interstriae not impressed, minutely punctate, punctures equal to strial punctures, strongly confused, separated by 3‒6 diameters of a puncture. Declivity occupying 1/5 of elytra, very steeply rounded, declivital face convex, strongly shagreened, distinctly separated from smooth, shining disc; striae 1‒3 equidistant, strial and interstrial punctures small, shallow, strongly confused, indistinguishable, strial punctures as large as those of disc; interstriae 1 and 2 flat, interstriae 3 convex, interstriae 1 bearing three rows of confused setae on declivital face, interstriae 2 bearing one row of uniseriate setae, setae long, semi-erect hair-like; interstriae 1 and 3 armed with a row of moderate to large distinct tubercles, interstriae 2 minutely granulate on basal third. Posterolateral margin rounded, granulate, extending to interstriae 7. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer edge, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/3 of outer margin with eight moderate socketed denticles, their length approximately as long as basal width. Meso- and metatibiae broad, flattened; outer margin evenly rounded each with 14, and 12, small to moderate socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Vietnam. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. G. achlys = mist in eyes before death. Achlys is the Greek Goddess of death-mist, and the personification of misery and suffering. This species represents the numerous nearly indistinguishable pseudocryptic Cyclorhipidion species that dwell in the misty mountain tops of Southeast Asia and perpetuate misery among taxonomists. A noun in apposition., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Eichhoff, W. J. (1878) Neue oder noch unbeschriebene Tomicinen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 39, 383 - 392."]}

Cyclorhipidion taedulum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 41–44) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 33F3D649-FE24-4F82-9BE6-9166B4CD7040 Type material. Holotype, female: VIETNAM, Lao Cai Prov., Hoang Lien N.P., 22.35N, 103.77E, 1500–2000m, 21.v.2019, VN198, SM Smith, AI Cognato, ex 2 cm branch, SAX 392 [DNA voucher], MSUC_ARC_314131 (MSUC). Paratype, female: as holotype except: SAX393 [DNA voucher], MSUC_ARC_314132 (1, MSUC). GenBank. CAD: OP607178; OP607179 and COI: OP617749; OP617750. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the short, steep declivity that is ~1/5 of total elytral length, armed with moderate tubercles on interstriae 1 and 3, interstriae 2 always unarmed; moderate body length; posterolateral margins rounded; declivital interstriae 1 setae in two confused rows, interstriae 2 setae uniseriate; and the declivity strongly shagreened, strial punctures shallow, obscure. The species is most similar to C. inarmatum and C. cognatoi Lin & Smith 2022 with which it shares similar declivital setal pattern and body size but both of which have a strongly shining elytral declivity. C. taedulum can be distinguished from both by the elytral length/width ratio and elytral/pronotal length/width ratio. In C. taedulum the elytra is 1.89 × as long as wide and 1.7 × as long as pronotum. In C. cognatoi the elytra is 1.67–1.79 × as long as wide and 1.46–1.58 × as long as pronotum and in C. inarmatum the elytra is 1.62–1.70 × as long as wide and 1.31–1.41 × as long as pronotum. Similar species. This species closely resembles C. inarmatum, C. bodoanum, C. cognatoi all of which have two rows of confused setae on declivital interstriae 1 and one row of setae on declivital interstriae 2. Description (female). 2.7 mm long (mean = 2.7 mm; n = 2); 3.0 × as long as wide. Body light brown, antennae and legs light brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes; surface subshining, impunctate, alutaceous, finely rugose; median line feebly elevated. Eyes deeply emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, as long as club. Pedicel narrower than scape, as long as funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 shorter than pedicel. Club approximately circular and flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying about 2/5 of club; segment 2 narrow, soft; segments 1‒2 present on posterior face. Pronotum 1.11 × as long as wide. In dorsal view very elongate and rounded frontally, type 9, sides parallel on basal 3/4; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate with disc much longer than anterior slope, type 8, disc flat, summit at apical 1/3. Anterior slope shagreened, with densely spaced, fine, narrow asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit, bearing long, fine, semi-recumbent, hair-like setae. Disc subshining, alutaceous, densely, finely punctate, finely setose, setae short, erect, hair-like. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum moderate, broad, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shining. Elytra: 1.89 × as long as wide, 1.7 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 4/5, then broadly rounded to apex. Disc flat, shining, striae and interstriae moderately setose, setae long, semi-recumbent, hair-like; striae not impressed, punctures small, uniseriate, spaced by 1.5 diameters of a puncture; interstriae not impressed, minutely punctate, punctures much smaller than strial punctures, strongly confused, separated by more than 2‒5 diameters of a puncture. Declivity occupying 1/5 of elytra, steeply rounded, declivital face convex, strongly shagreened, separation between the smooth, shining disc and shagreened declivity distinct; three striae present, striae not impressed, punctures large, shallow, subcontiguous, shagreened, much larger than on disc; interstriae flat, minutely punctate, interstriae 1 bearing two rows of confused setae on declivital face, interstriae 2 being one row of uniseriate setae, setae long, semi-erect; interstriae 1 and 3 with three tubercles along their length, interstriae 2 unarmed. Posterolateral margin rounded, granulate, extending to interstriae 7. Legs: procoxae contiguous; prosternal coxal piece tall and pointed. Protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer edge, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/3 of outer margin with seven or eight moderate socketed denticles, their length approximately as long as basal width. Meso- and metatibiae broad, flattened; outer margin evenly rounded each with ten and ten or 11 moderate socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Vietnam. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. L. taedulus = boring. The hackneyed appearance of this species is a recurring pattern among pseudocryptic Cyclorhipidion. A variable adjective.

Xylosandrus derupteterminatus (Schedl, 1951) New record. LAOS: Khammouane, Hin Nam No Protected Area, 17.5642N, 105.7978E, 416m, deciduous rain forest, pitfall trap, 13.vi.2019, B. Chouangthavy (20, NUL; 5, RABC). Distribution. China (Yunnan), Indonesia (Java, Moluccas, Sulawesi), Laos *, Thailand., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. (1951) Fauna Indomalayaensis, I. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 93, 41 - 98."]}

Webbia triginitispinata (Sampson, 1922) New records. [MYANMAR]: N. Toungoo, Saing Yane Res., San Thwin coll., 28.II.[19]31, ex. Dipterocarpus turbinatus (3, NHMUK), 17.III.[19]31 (1, NHMUK). Distribution. Cambodia, India (Andaman Is, Assam), Indonesia (Sumatra), East & West Malaysia, Myanmar *, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Sampson, F. W. (1922) Previously undescribed Scolytidae and Platypodidae from the Indian area. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 10, 145 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632753"]}

Leptoxyleborus sordicauda (Motschulsky, 1863) New records. CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Bubeng, 21.616N, 101.575E, 997m, FIT, BB1000-2FI, 04.vii.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). LAOS: Khammouane, Hin Nam No Protected Area, 17.5642N, 105.7978E, 416m, deciduous rain forest, pitfall trap, 13.vi.2019, B. Chouangthavy (22, NUL; 5, RABC). Distribution. China (Guangxi, Jiangxi, Yunnan *), India (Andaman Is, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Maluku, Sumatra), Japan, Laos *, East & West Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Motschulsky, V. (1863) Essai d'un catalogue des insectes de l'ile Ceylan. (Suite). Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 36, 421 - 532."]}

Xylosandrus eupatorii (Eggers, 1940) New record. LAOS: Khammouane, Hin Nam No Protected Area, 17.5642N, 105.7978E, 416m, deciduous rain forest, pitfall trap, 13.vi.2019, B. Chouangthavy (1, NUL). Distribution. China (Hainan, Hong Kong, Yunnan), Indonesia (Java), Laos *, Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Eggers, H. (1940) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae) III Nachtrag (Forstsetzung). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 83, 132 - 154."]}

Xyleborinus nobuchii Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 69–72) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB76DB7C-26ED-4674-8985-E8377F10C5C0 Type material. Holotype, female: JAPAN, Kagoshima Pref., Tarumizu Oonohara, Broadleaf forest, 425m, 5 November 2001, Yoshikazu Sato coll, ex ETOH-baited trap (NUFM). Paratypes, as holotype except: 17 July 2000 (1, NMNH); 1 Aug 2000, MSUC_ARC_314127 (1, MSUC). Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the entire length of interstriae 2 unarmed by tubercles; elytra attenuate from basal half, apex acute; declivital interstriae flat, interstriae 2 not impressed; and denticles on interstriae 1 and 3 moderate. Similar species. Xyleborinus perpusillus (Eggers, 1927) Description (female). 2.2 mm long (mean = 2.2 mm; n = 3); 3.38 × as long as wide. Body red brown. Legs and antennae yellow brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes, alutaceous, subshiny, finely, moderately punctate, setose; punctures each with a long, erect hairlike seta. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum large, distinctly triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape short and thick, shorter than club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 shorter than pedicel. Club longer than wide, obliquely truncate, type 1; segment 1 corneous, occupying basal 3/5 and encircling anterior face; segment 2 narrow, concave, corneous on anterior face only; sutures absent on posterior face. Pronotum 1.23 × as long as wide. In dorsal view long and rounded frontally, type 7, sides parallel in basal 3/4, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc much longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit prominent, on anterior 2/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced narrow asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit, bearing long, fine, semi-recumbent, hair-like setae. Disc shiny, alutaceous, finely punctate, finely setose, setae short, erect, hair-like, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles acutely rounded. Scutellum minute, conical, disconnected from elytra, surrounded by dense mycangial tuft of setae. Elytra: 2.15 × as long as wide, 1.75 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, medially emarginate near scutellum and mycangial tuft, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, attenuate from basal half, apex acute. Disc occupying basal ~2/3, smooth, shiny, unarmed; striae not impressed, glabrous, with small punctures separated by 1–2 diameters of a puncture; interstriae flat, sparsely finely uniseriate punctate, punctures 1/3 those of striae, each bearing erect hair-like setae, setae approximately as long as width of interstriae 2. Declivital face strongly shagreened, gradually sloping, three striae present, striae 1 and 2 subcontiguous, strial punctures minute, shallow, glabrous; interstriae impunctate, denticulate, setose, setae uniseriate, variably sized, setae between denticles from as long as a denticle, setae as base of a denticle 2 × as long as a denticle; interstriae 1 with a row of with six or seven small to moderate denticles along its length; interstriae 2 flat, extremely narrow, nearly obsolete, unarmed along its entire length; interstriae 3 with a row of 4–6 small to moderate denticles along its length, their apices acutely pointed, spine-like. Posterolateral margin rounded, denticulate from interstriae 3–5. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/3 of outer margin with five moderate socketed denticles, their length approximately as long as basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with eight and seven moderate socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Japan (Kyushu). Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. Named in honor of the Japanese scolytid taxonomist Akira Nobuchi. Noun in apposition.

Xyleborinus thaiphami Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New records. CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe, Hekou, Dajianshan, 22.908N, 103.697E, 2111m, FIT, DJS10-3, 12.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). [MYANMAR]: [Kachin State], Myitkyina, Hpemaw, 24.xi.[19]30, Po Yone, F.R.S. No. 500, ex Juglans regia (3, NHMUK). Distribution. China (Chongqing, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan *), Myanmar *, Vietnam. Remarks. Previously recorded from Pinus armandi (Pinaceae) (Smith et al. 2020a). Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) is a new host record., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2","Smith, S. M, Beaver, R. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2020 a) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 983.52630"]}

Anisandrus simplex Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 5–8) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9DDB74AA-4C67-47E9-A190-34B555962B28 Type material. Holotype, female: NEPAL, Ghanpokhara, 5,500–7,000ft, 2.v.1954, J. Quinlan, NHMUK014591805 (NHMUK). Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the mesonotal mycangial tuft the length of the scutellum; elytral disc flat; declivital interstriae punctate; posterolateral margin feebly carinate to interstriae 5; declivity feebly bisulcate, margins ornamented by a minute tubercle at the base of interstriae 2 and three minute tubercles on the basal quarter of interstriae 3; and declivital interstriae bearing fine erect hair-like setae. Similar species. Anisandrus feronia Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a, A. mussooriensis (Eggers, 1930) Description (female). 3.25 mm long (n = 1); 2.41 × as long as wide. Body bicolored: pronotum red, elytra dark brown, legs and antennae yellow-brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes, alutaceous, subshiny, punctate; punctures small, shallow, setose; punctures each bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum large, distinctly triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape long and slender, as long as club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 as long as pedicel. Club longer than wide, obliquely truncate, type 1; segment 1 corneous, encircling anterior face; segment 2 narrow, concave, corneous on anterior face only; sutures absent on posterior face. Pronotum 0.96 × as long as wide. In dorsal view rounded, type 1, sides convex, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with a row of five serrations. In lateral view short and tall, type 3, disc shorter than anterior slope, summit at basal 2/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, large coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc subshiny with dense, fine punctures bearing moderate, semi-erect hair-like setae, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles acutely rounded. Mycangial tuft present along basal margin, tuft moderately setose, approximately the width of scutellum. Scutellum broad, large, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shiny. Elytra: 1.44 × as long as wide, 1.50 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 3/4, then narrowly rounded to apex; surface opalescent. Disc weakly convex, striae not impressed, with small, deep subcontiguous punctures, setose, setae as long as two punctures, recumbent, hair-like; interstriae flat, unarmed by granules, punctate, punctures strongly confused, setose, setae 1– 1.5 × width of interstriae 2, erect hair-like. Declivity occupying ~3/8 elytra, steeply rounded, declivital face feebly bisulcate, interstriae 1 and 3 convex, depressed between striae 1 and 2; striae not impressed, strial punctures much larger and deeper than those of disc, and bearing setae as described for disc; interstriae minutely uniseriate punctate, setae 1–2 × width of interstriae 2, erect, hair-like, interstriae 2 about as wide as interstriae 3 at midpoint of declivity, declivital margins ornamented by a minute tubercle at the base of interstriae 2 and three minute tubercles on the basal quarter of interstriae 3. Posterolateral margin carinate to interstriae 5. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six very large socketed denticles, their length much longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margins evenly rounded with nine very large socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Nepal. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. L. simplex = simple. In reference to the unadorned elytral declivity, which is atypical for Anisandrus. An invariable adjective.

Microperus fulvulus (Schedl, 1942b) New records. CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Menglun, 55km, 21.962N, 101.202E, 800m, FIT, 55km 800-2FI, 02.iv.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC); as previous except: Trop.Bot.Gdn, 21.929N, 101.252E, 600m, XTBG600-5FI (1, RABC); as previous except: Bubeng, 21.614N, 101.579E, 811m, BB800-5FI, 05.v.2018 (1, RABC). Distribution. China (Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan *), Indonesia (Sumatra), Thailand., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. (1942 b) Neue Scolytidae aus Java. 76. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 85, 1 - 49."]}

Anisandrus simplex Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 5–8) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9DDB74AA-4C67-47E9-A190-34B555962B28 Type material. Holotype, female: NEPAL, Ghanpokhara, 5,500–7,000ft, 2.v.1954, J. Quinlan, NHMUK014591805 (NHMUK). Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the mesonotal mycangial tuft the length of the scutellum; elytral disc flat; declivital interstriae punctate; posterolateral margin feebly carinate to interstriae 5; declivity feebly bisulcate, margins ornamented by a minute tubercle at the base of interstriae 2 and three minute tubercles on the basal quarter of interstriae 3; and declivital interstriae bearing fine erect hair-like setae. Similar species. Anisandrus feronia Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a, A. mussooriensis (Eggers, 1930) Description (female). 3.25 mm long (n = 1); 2.41 × as long as wide. Body bicolored: pronotum red, elytra dark brown, legs and antennae yellow-brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes, alutaceous, subshiny, punctate; punctures small, shallow, setose; punctures each bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum large, distinctly triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape long and slender, as long as club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 as long as pedicel. Club longer than wide, obliquely truncate, type 1; segment 1 corneous, encircling anterior face; segment 2 narrow, concave, corneous on anterior face only; sutures absent on posterior face. Pronotum 0.96 × as long as wide. In dorsal view rounded, type 1, sides convex, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with a row of five serrations. In lateral view short and tall, type 3, disc shorter than anterior slope, summit at basal 2/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced, large coarse asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc subshiny with dense, fine punctures bearing moderate, semi-erect hair-like setae, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles acutely rounded. Mycangial tuft present along basal margin, tuft moderately setose, approximately the width of scutellum. Scutellum broad, large, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shiny. Elytra: 1.44 × as long as wide, 1.50 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 3/4, then narrowly rounded to apex; surface opalescent. Disc weakly convex, striae not impressed, with small, deep subcontiguous punctures, setose, setae as long as two punctures, recumbent, hair-like; interstriae flat, unarmed by granules, punctate, punctures strongly confused, setose, setae 1– 1.5 × width of interstriae 2, erect hair-like. Declivity occupying ~3/8 elytra, steeply rounded, declivital face feebly bisulcate, interstriae 1 and 3 convex, depressed between striae 1 and 2; striae not impressed, strial punctures much larger and deeper than those of disc, and bearing setae as described for disc; interstriae minutely uniseriate punctate, setae 1–2 × width of interstriae 2, erect, hair-like, interstriae 2 about as wide as interstriae 3 at midpoint of declivity, declivital margins ornamented by a minute tubercle at the base of interstriae 2 and three minute tubercles on the basal quarter of interstriae 3. Posterolateral margin carinate to interstriae 5. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/2 of outer margin with six very large socketed denticles, their length much longer than basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margins evenly rounded with nine very large socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Nepal. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. L. simplex = simple. In reference to the unadorned elytral declivity, which is atypical for Anisandrus. An invariable adjective., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2","Eggers, H. (1930) Neue Xyleborus - Arten (Col. Scolytidae) aus Indien. Indian Forest Records, Entomology Series, 14, 177 - 208."]}

Cyclorhipidion nemesis Smith & Cognato, 2022 New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Tongbiguan vill. 24–26.vi.2016, 24°36.7′N, 97°39.4E, 1340m, at light in village near river, J. Hájek & J. Růžička, SAX515 [DNA voucher], (1, MSUC). GenBank. COI: OP208788 and CAD: OP219692. Distribution. China * (Yunnan), United States (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina) (Smith & Cognato 2022). Remarks. This species was recently described from an adventive population in the United States. Subsequently, a specimen was discovered in the UFFE cryo-collection of scolytines. Identification of the specimen was confirmed with phylogenetic analysis which placed it sister to the US C. nemesis specimens with 100% bootstrap support (Fig. 73). The Chinese specimen has 6.1% COI and 0.78% CAD sequence difference as compared to the US specimens. This amount of difference is less than 10% COI and 2% CAD differences which are suggested thresholds for xyleborine species limits (Cognato et al. 2020b)., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Smith, S. M. & Cognato, A. I. (2022) New exotic beetles found in the United States among pseudocryptic Cyclorhipidion species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) revealed via a multigene phylogeny. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 6 (4), 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixac 014","Cognato, A. I., Sari, G., Smith, S. M., Beaver, R. A., Li, Y., Hulcr, J., Jordal, B. H., Kajimura, H., Lin, C-S., Pham, T. H., Singh, S. & Sittichaya, W. (2020 b) The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetles species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 27. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fevo. 2020.00027"]}

Anisandrus xuannu Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New record. CHINA: Fujian, Sanming City, Taining Co., Emei Mtn Nat. Res., 27.006N, 117.071E, 1430m, 13.viii.2020, Zhang, L., Cao, Y-F. (2, RABC). Distribution. China (Chongqing, Fujian *, Sichuan)., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Cyclorhipidion lapilliferum Smith, Beaver, Pham & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 33–36) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 934B4C11-70DB-40D8-91E6-CC492C8BCC99 Type material. Holotype, female: VIETNAM, Lao Cai Prov., Hoang Lien N.P., 22.35N, 103.77E, 1500–2000m, 21.v.2019, VN198, SM Smith, AI Cognato, ex 2 cm branch, SAX 396 [DNA voucher], MSUC_ARC_314128 (MSUC). GenBank. CAD: OP607182 and COI: OP617753. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the moderate size; declivity obliquely truncate, strongly shagreened and dull; pronotum longer than wide, subquadrate from dorsal view (type 3); and declivital interstrial punctures replaced by confused tubercles. Cyclorhipidion lapilliferum is very similar to C. circumcisum (Sampson, 1921) from which it can be distinguished by the smaller size (3.4 mm vs 4.0 mm) and more elongate form (3.09 × vs 2.67 × as long as wide). Similar species. C. circumcisum, C. muticum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a Description (female). 3.4 mm long (n = 1); 3.09 × as long as wide. Body, legs and antennae ferruginous. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes; surface shagreened, impunctate, alutaceous, moderately rugose. Eyes deeply emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 shorter than pedicel. Club approximately circular and flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1‒3 present on posterior face. Pronotum 1.18 × as long as wide. In dorsal view subquadrate, sides convex, type 3, narrowly rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate with disc much longer than anterior slope, type 7, disc flat, summit at apical 1/3. Anterior slope shagreened, with densely spaced, fine, narrow asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit, bearing long, fine, semi-recumbent, hair-like setae. Disc shagreened, alutaceous, densely, finely punctate, setose, setae dense, long, fine hair-like. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles narrowly rounded. Scutellum large, broad, linguiform, shiny, flush with elytra, flat. Elytra: 1.91 × as long as wide, 1.62 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal ~4/5, then sharply angulate to apex. Disc ascending posteriorly, shiny, basal 1/4 shagreened, impunctate; striae and interstriae not impressed, sparsely setose, setae short erect, hairlike, striae seriate, punctures small, shallow; interstrial punctures confused, minute, punctures strongly confused, separated by 3‒5 diameters of a puncture. Declivity occupying 1/3 of elytra, obliquely truncate, face weakly convex, strongly shagreened, dull, densely setose; six striae present, striae weakly impressed, punctures difficult to discern, minute, shallow, shagreened, slightly larger than on disc, striae 2 equidistant between 1 and 3; interstriae weakly convex, interstriae lightly setose, setae long, very fine, erect hair-like; interstriae impunctate, densely covered by confused tubercules, tubercles numerous, small to minute. Posterolateral margin costate, tuberculate, extending laterally to interstriae 7, setose, setae long, fine, erect, hair-like. Legs: procoxae contiguous. Protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer edge, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/3 of outer margin with nine moderate socketed denticles, their length approximately as long as basal width. Meso- and metatibiae broad, flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with 12 and 14 moderate socketed denticles, respectively. Distribution. Vietnam. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. L. lapilliferum = having pebbles. In reference to the granules on the elytral declivity. A variable adjective., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Sampson, F. W. (1921) Further notes on Platypodidae and Scolytidae collected by Mr. G. E. Bryant and others. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 7, 25 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632486","Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Cyclorhipidion petrosum Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New records. CHINA: Fujian, Wuyishan City, Wuyi Mtn Nat. Res., Guadun Vill., 27.743N, 117.634E, 1220m, ex Castanopsis fargesii, 10.vii.2018, Lai, S-C., Zhang, L., Lv Jia, Hu, K-P. (2, RABC); Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Bubeng, 21.615N, 101.579E, 860m, FIT, BB800-2FI, 24.iv.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. China * (Fujian, Yunnan), Laos, Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Microperus nugax (Schedl, 1939) New record. CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Bubeng, 21.616N, 101.574E, 997m, FIT, BB1000-2FI, 15.v.2018, L.Z.Meng (1, RABC). Distribution. ‘Borneo’, Brunei Darussalam, China * (Yunnan), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), East & West Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Schedl, K. E. (1939) Malaysian Scolytidae and Platypodidae (IV). 57 th contribution. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 18, 327 - 364."]}

Xylosandrus bellinsulanus Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New records. LAOS: NE, Hua Phan prov., 20°12′N, 104°01′E, PHU PHAN Mt., ~ 1750m, 17.v.-3.vi.2007, Vit. Kubáň (2, NHB). Xieng Khouang prov., 19°37-8′N, 103°20′E, 30km NE Phonsavan: Ban Na Lam → Phou Sane Mt., 1300-1500m, 10.-30.v.2009, M. Brancucci (1, NHB). Distribution. China (Hainan), Laos *., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Tricosa hipparion Smith, Beaver & Cognato sp. nov. (Figs 57–60) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 024CA706-3D66-4B20-9CA6-5E5B543A4DE2 Type material. Holotype, female: MALAYSIA, Sabah, Rhino Ridge, Danum Valley, 11.xi.2006, J. Hulcr, ex Burseraceae, SAX 503 [DNA voucher] (NMNH). GenBank. CAD: OP607245. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the elytral disc broadly, deeply transversely impressed with a saddlelike depression. Similar species. Tricosa cattienensis Cognato, Smith & Beaver, 2020a, T. indochinensis Cognato, Smith & Beaver, 2020a. Description (female). 3.1 mm long (n = 1); 2.81 mm × as long as wide. Head and pronotum ferruginous, elytra dark brown, legs and antennae light brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes; surface shagreened, dull, punctate; punctures above epistoma small, fine, shallow, punctures larger, deeper on frons. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum slightly impressed below genae, narrowly triangular. Scape regularly thick, shorter than club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 as long as pedicel. Club approximately circular and flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal ~1/3; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum 1.09 × as long as wide. In dorsal view elongate and parallel sided, type 7, sides parallel in basal 2/3, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with a row of six serrations. In lateral view elongate, disc longer than anterior slope, type 7, summit low, on apical 2/5. Anterior slope with densely spaced narrow asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit, bearing long, fine, erect hair-like setae. Disc subshiny, alutaceous, finely punctate, finely setose, setae short, erect, hair-like, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles acutely rounded. Scutellum small, triangular, flat, flush with elytra. Elytra: 1.73 × as long as wide, 1.58 × as long as pronotum. Base transverse, margins oblique; humeral angles rounded; attenuate at apical half, apex broadly rounded. Disc broadly, deeply transversely impressed with a saddle-like depression, surface smooth, shining, unarmed; striae seriate punctate, punctures separated by less than one diameter of a puncture, glabrous; interstrial minutely uniseriate punctate, widely spaced, each with a long, erect seta 1.5 × as long as interstriae 2. Declivity occupying ~2/5 of elytra, gradual, face flat, opalescent; striae impressed, strial punctures as large as those of disc; interstriae impunctate, interstriae tubercles arranged in an alternating pattern of a small denticle followed by a large denticle, with the apices curved ventrad; interstrial setae as long or twice as long as those of disc. Posterolateral margins rounded and granulate. Legs: procoxae contiguous, prosternal posterocoxal piece conical, slightly inflated. Protibiae distinctly triangular, broadest at apical half, posterior face flat, unarmed; five large denticles present on outer margin of apical third. Meso- and metatibiae obliquely triangular, flattened, posterior face unarmed; metatibiae bearing eight moderate socketed denticles on outer margin. Distribution. Malaysia (Sabah). Host plants. The holotype was collected from Burseraceae. Etymology. G. hipparion = little horse. In reference to the saddle-shaped elytra. Noun in apposition., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}

Xyleborinus huifenyinae Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020a New record. CHINA: Guangdong, Quangzhou, South China Agricultural University, 28.v.2017, You Li, ex Elaeocarpus, UFFE 17028 (1, UFFE). Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong *, Jiangxi, Yunnan). Remarks. Previously recorded from Fagaceae and Schima superba (Theaceae). Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae) is a new host record., Published as part of Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A., Pham, Thai Hong & Cognato, Anthony I., 2022, New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 5209 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7322341, {"references":["Cognato, A. I., Smith, S. M. & Beaver, R. A. (2020 a) Two new genera of Oriental xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 4722 (6), 540 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4722.6.2"]}