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Cleistopholis glauca Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 35, 1901 Figs 21, 23; Map 3C = Cleistopholis grandiflora De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 1(1): 39, 1903. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinshasa, Région de Kimuenza, Gérard P. s.n. , Oct 1900: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820327]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820655]. = Cleistopholis bequaertii De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. i.; 464, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu, Walikale - Lubutu, Bequaert J.C.C. 6624, 15 Jan 1915: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008820402]; isotype: BR[BR0000008820396]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 376, Apr 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0154073]; isotypes: K[K000198885, K000198884]; P[P00362650, P00362649, P00362652]; MPU[MPU011662]. Description. Tree, 10-35 m tall, d.b.h. 80 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5-15 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1.5 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate, subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, axillary, peduncule distinct 2-10 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-18 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 15-35 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 3, all basal, basal bracts 1-2 mm long, 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals 3, 10-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 2-4 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, ovate to orbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 20 to 30, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 24, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma flat, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 18-30 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 8, 18-30 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, finely warty, not bumpy, green when ripe; seed (1 to) 2 per monocarp, 15-25 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Central Africa; from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from South, Central, Littoral, South-West and East regions, with one collection from Adamaoua region. Habitat. A very common species, mainly growing as a pioneer species in disturbed areas and along forest margins. Altitude 100-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019f). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Closely resembles C. patens, see below for differences. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: A 80 km au SO de Banyo-Plaine Tikar, 6.75°N, 11.82°E, 27 June 1969, Biholong M. 219 (P,YA). Central Region: Feup (Yaoundé), 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 July 1917, Chevalier A.J.B. 33473 (P,WAG); near Ebolbom village 3 km est of Ngoumou 2 km north west of Otélé, 3.59°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 430 (MPU,WAG,YA); Avom, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 57 (P). East Region: Bertoua, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 17 February 1960, Letouzey R. 3036 (P,YA); Région de Moloundou, 2.05°N, 15.17°E, 01 August 1949, SRFK 1372 (P,YA). Littoral Region: 18 km SEof Douala along road to Ndonga (=old to Edea), 4.05°N, 9.71°E, 20 August 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 6467 (B,BR,C,GC,K,L,LUAI,MO,P,UC,WAG,YA). South Region: 20 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.05°N, 10.05°E, 09 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4784 (B,BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,POZG,WAG,YA); on road between Campo and Kribi, 2.62°N, 9.847°E, 16 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 389 (WAG,YA); Rocher du Loup km 36 road Kribi-Campo, 2.61°N, 9.85°E, 06 January 1983, de Kruif A.P.M. 1046 (MO,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area 2.73°N, 9.873°E, 13 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3846 (KRIBI,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Mungo River F.R., 4.78°N, 9.566°E, 02 December 1999, Cheek M. 10229 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Ntali, 5.25°N, 9.576°E, 01 December 2000, Etuge M. 4873 (K); Nyandong-forest above village, 4.98°N, 9.585°E, 20 March 2003, Etuge M. 4917 (K); Forest and forest relictss near Mundemba, 4.96°N, 8.916°E, 16 January 1985, Thomas D.W. 4200 (P); Near Mundemba town, 4.96°N, 8.916°E, 12 May 1986, Thomas D.W. 6121 (MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 87-89, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019f. Cleistopholis glauca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T61984554A61984556. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T61984554A61984556.en"]}

Hexalobus monopetalus (A. Rich.) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 56, 1901 Fig. 30; Map 4G ≡ Uvaria monopetala A.Rich., Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. tent.: 8, 1831. Hexalobus senegalensis A.DC., Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 213, 1832, superfluous name. = Hexalobus monopetalus var. parvifolius Baker.f.; Macleod, Chiefs and cities of Central Africa: 301, 1912. Type. Central African Republic. Environs de Kaga M’bra, Chevalier A.J.B. 6486, 30 Nov 1902: holotype: K[K000582056]; isotypes: G[G00011614]; L[L0049298]; P; WAG[WAG0162940]. = Hexalobus tomentosus A.Chev., Expl. bot. Afr. occ. Énum. pl. 1: 10, 1920. Type. Mali. Ségou, Sansanding, Chevalier A.J.B. 2542, 29 Sep 1899: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: P[P00486157]. = Hexalobus glabrescens Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. trop. Afr. 1: 52, 1927. Type. Central African Republic: Ouham, Lere to Ham, Talbot P.A. 531, 1911: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: K; isolectotypes: BM[BM000546380]; Z[Z-000034501]. = Hexalobus monopetalus (A. Rich.) Engl. & Diels var. obovatus Brenan, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 8, 3: 214, 1953. Type. Zambia. North-Western, E. of Matonchi Farm, Milne-Redhead E.W.B.H. 4536, 12 Feb 1938: holotype: K[K000198933]; isotypes: BM[BM000546381]; BR[BR0000008800664]; PRE[PRE0397001-0]. = Hexalobus huillensis (Engl. & Diels) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 56, 1901; Uvaria huillensis Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. 2: 296, 1899. Type. Angola. Benguela, Benguella, Huilla, Antunes J.M. 266, no date: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: COI[COI00033141]; isolectotype: BM[BM000546379]. Type. Senegal. Tambacounda; Galam prope Bakel, Leprieur F.M.R. s.n., 1828: lectotype, designated by Botermans et al. (2011), p. 42: G[G00011597]; isolectotypes: G[G00011595, G00011593]; P[P00315834, P00315832, P00315836]. Description. Tree to shrub, 10-15 m tall, d.b.h. up to 35 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, often several stemmed, not fluted. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 3.6-17.5 cm long, 1.2-6.5 cm wide, ovate to obovate, apex rounded to obtuse, rarely acuminate, acumen 1 cm long, base cuneate to cordate, coriaceous, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 6 to 14 pairs, below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, more rarely cauliflorous, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel sessile or short up to 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter when present, densely pubescent; in fruit 2-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; bracts 5 to 6, several basal and two (sometimes fused) towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bracts ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-7 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 3-4 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, sub equal; lobes 9-27 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, cream, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, lobes curving inwards at the base and margins reflexed forming a hollow chamber; stamens numerous, 1-2 mm long, elongated; connective discoid, glabrous, cream-yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, 2 to 7, ovary 2-3 mm long, stigma divided into two lobes with margins coiled inwards, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate to sessile, stipes 22-46 mm long, 13-22 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to cylindrical, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, warty, constricted around the seeds, orange when ripe; seeds 2 to 8 per monocarp, 10-15 mm long, 7-10 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, known from Senegal to northern South Africa, with a disjunct population in southern Angola; in Cameroon known from the North and Far-North regions. Habitat. A common species in drier regions of Africa; in woodland, savannas or gallery forests, on sandy soils or in rocky places. Altitude 200-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Bohili (Fulfuldé) (Malzy 1954). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019n). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Hexalobus monopetalus is distinguished from the other Cameroonian species by being a small deciduous shrub or tree (no taller than 15 m) growing in drier areas, with sessile or subsessile flowers and small smooth monocarps (up to 46 mm long versus more than 45 mm generally). Selected specimens examined. Far-North Region: Route Lara-Guidiguis (15 km ENE de Kaele), 10.1°N, 14.45°E, 29 August 1964, Letouzey R. 6540 (P,YA); Près Bourka (65 km SS0 de Mokolo), 10.3°N, 13.56°E, 13 October 1964, Letouzey R. 7301 (P,YA); 9 km SE Guili 10 km NE Bourrah, 10.6°N, 13.74°E, 27 November 1989, Villiers J.-F. 4713 (P,YA). North Region: Ecole de faune de Garoua, 9.3°N, 13.4°E, 09 August 2000, Dong E. 393 (YA); Sanguéré (10 km Garoua), 9.27°N, 13.47°E, 01 October 1949, Malzy P. 309 (P,YA); Environs village Boulko au pied Hossere Gode 15 km NW de Poli, 8.53°N, 13.13°E, 24 October 1983, Satabié B. 702 (P,YA); Collines de Tinguelin 10 km N de Garoua, 9.3°N, 13.4°E, 26 November 1984, Satabié B. 781 (P,YA); map # NC 33 VIII Garoua, 9.93°N, 13.86°E, 13 August 1983, Thomas D.W. 2432 (MO,P,WAG,YA).

Monodora undulata (P.Beauv.) Couvreur, Reveal. Secrets African Annon.: Isolona & Monodora: 246, 2008 Figs 78, 79; Map 10C ≡ Unona undulata (Palisot de Beauvois) Dunal, Monogr. Anonac.: 111, 1817. = Monodora brevipes Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 475, 1862. Type. Saõ Tomé & Principe: Principe Island, Mann G. 1115, 1861: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009), p. 246; sheet here designated: K[K000199026]; isotypes: K[K000199025]; P[P00363308]. = Monodora preussii Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 301 1899. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Victoria (Limbe), Preuss, P.R. 1314, 1898: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009): 246: K[K000105558]; isolectotypes: A[A00295524]; EA; PH[PH00018358]; S[S10-21404]; Z[Z-000034547]. Type. Nigeria. no region; no location, Palisot de Beauvois A.M.F.J. s.n., no date: holotype: G-DC, scanned image[excluding fruits] [G00011671]. Description. Tree, up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-40 cm long, 8-15 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 3-9 cm long, base rounded to obtuse, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 17 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 30-55 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 40-50 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1, upper only, towards the upper half or middle of pedicel, 6-10 mm long, 7-11 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-11 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, green, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside, margins wavy; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 25-45 mm long, 15-30 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, speckled and streaked yellow and purple, base creamy-white, margins wavy, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 17-27 mm long, 13-20 mm wide, rhombic, apex acute, base narrowed into a claw, claw 2-5 mm long, yellow with brown-purple spots, margins flat, glabrous outside, sparsely pubescent inside; receptacle strongly convex; stamens numerous, in 12 to 14 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, densely pubescent, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 4 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, sparsely pubescent. Fruits syncarpous, 60-120 mm long, 40-60 mm in diameter, ovoid, apex rounded, tomentose, faintly ribbed longitudinally, otherwise smooth, brown when ripe; seeds 9-20 mm long, 6-11 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, disjunct between West Africa (Sierra Leone to Togo) and Central Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon and São Tome Island); in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species even though it has been collected numerous times in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary rain forests, along rivers and in swamps. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Yellow-Flowering Nutmeg (English) (Cooper and Record 1931). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a c). Uses in Cameroon. food: seeds used for sauces, as condiment or spice; medicine: bark used against venereal diseases. Notes. Monodora undulata closely resembles M. myristica; both share a strongly convex receptacle, large leaves, and completely connivent inner petals; but M. undulata is distinguished from M. myristica by its smaller flowers with shorter pedicels, cup-shaped and non-undulate upper bract, and ovoid densely tomentose fruits. Specimens examined. Central Region: Reserve forestière de Makak, 3.48°N, 11.01°E, 14 December 1967, Bamps P.R.J. 1449 (BR,YA). East Region: ca 9 km from Bertoua near the road to Doumé, 4.53°N, 13.61°E, 09 December 1961, Breteler F.J. 2182 (K,P,WAG,YA). Littoral Region: Ebo Proposed National Park Iboty to Bekob village, 4.46°N, 10.46°E, 14 February 2006, Cheek M. 12928 (K). South Region: along main road Kribi-Bipindi, 2.99°N, 10.01°E, 17 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 391 (WAG,YA); Lolodorf, 3.23°N, 10.71°E, 1896, Staudt A. 40 (G,K,P). South-West Region: Path above Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 22 May 1996, Cable S. 2544 (K,WAG,YA); Nyangdong volcanic waterfall-whirlpool path, 4.96°N, 9.577°E, 27 March 2003, Cheek M. 11464 (K); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.07°N, 9.051°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1042 (WAG,YA); Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.692°E, 05 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1061 (WAG,YA); Kupe village to Loum State Forest, 4.73°N, 9.716°E, 29 May 1996, Etuge M. 2017 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.06°N, 8.855°E, 06 February 1998, Kenfack D. 1027 (MO,WAG); 6 km W of Bota rocky coast with volcanic boulders, 4.01°N, 9.144°E, 31 August 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 10295 (BR,MO,P,WAG,YA); Limbe (Victoria) Bimbia road, 4.00°N, 13.21°E, 01 February 1929, Maitland T.D. 408 (K); Johann-Albrechtshöhe [Kumba] area 4.63°N, 9.416°E, 1896, Staudt A. 495 (A); Southern slope of Mount above Batoke, 4.03°N, 9.1°E, 25 January 1984, Thomas D.W. 3025 (B,BR,MO,P,YA); Small Koto, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, 07 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4516 (K,MO,P,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, 01 June 1985, Thomas D.W. 4814 (BR,MO,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 260-262, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cooper, PG, Record, SJ, 1931. The Evergreen Forests of Liberia. Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series 31: 1 - 153","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Piptostigma submontanum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 208, 2017 Fig. 92; Map 12B Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Rumpi Mountains, between Lokando and Dikome Balue, 30 km NNW Kumba, Letouzey R.G. 14535, 23 Mar 1976: holotype: YA[YA0002870]; isotype: P[P02032181]. Description. Tree, up to 25 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 40-49 cm long, 16-23 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 0.8-1.3 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate and narrowly cordate, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 58 to 65 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, peduncle like base 10-18 mm long, axial internodes 2-5 mm long, compact, sympodial rachis 20-40 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-6 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit ca. 25 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, tomentose; basal bract 7-8 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract 4-6 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-8 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, light yellow to red, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 50-60 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 15, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescence not seen. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 2, 20-30 mm long, 10-25 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, tomentose, bumpy, brown when ripe; seeds 6 to 8 per monocarp, 6-12 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Endemic to Cameroon; known from the South-West and Littoral regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species; in submontane rain forests. Altitude 900-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a r). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. See under P. calophyllum. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest Reserve Djuma camp Djashaka trail, 4.36°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 625 (WAG,YA). South-West Region: Edip to Kodmin ca 1 hour’s walk, 4.96°N, 9.666°E, 02 December 1998, Cheek M. 9177 (K,P,WAG,YA); Mount Kupe Kodmin, 4.96°N, 9.683°E, 21 November 1998, Gosline W.G. 198 (K,P,WAG,YA); Abang road and then right to forest, 4.93°N, 9.731°E, 11 December 1999, Gosline W.G. 256 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Entre Lokando (900 m) et Dikome Balue (1200 m) 30 km NNW-Kumba, 4.85°N, 9.28°E, 23 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14535 (P,YA); Rumpi Hills near Madie River, 4.94°N, 9.123°E, 22 February 1995, Thomas D.W. 10496 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 307-308, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Xylopia villosa Chipp, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 183, 1923 Fig. 153; Map 1E ≡ Xylopiastrum villosum (Chipp) Aubrév., Flor. For. Côte d’Ivoire, ed. 2, 1: 140, 1959. Type. Nigeria. Lagos State; Ibadan Forest Reserve, Lagos, Punch C. 119, Dec 1913: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 215: K[000199069]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 90 cm; buttresses narrowly concave ca. 1 m high. Old branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young branches densely villous, with erect orange or reddish brown hairs 0.5-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8.6-12.6 cm long, 2.6-4.1 cm wide, lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.4-1.3 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below golden-sericeous when young, sparsely golden-sericeous to golden-sericeous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young, glabrous to pubescent when old, below glabrous to pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 10 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle 8.5-17 mm. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 8 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-5 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 6-42 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 4, evenly spaced, 3-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally to ½ fused, forming a cup , 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 22-34 mm long, 3.5-3.9 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute to obtuse, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent, base glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 17.4-23 mm long, 2.5-3.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent with glabrous base outside, pubescent towards base to pubescent and glabrous towards center inside; stamens ca. 200, in 4 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 10 to 12, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas connivent with tips free, linear, 2.5-4 mm long, pubescent to sparsely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe ca. 3 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 10, ca. 46 mm long, ca. 23 mm wide, oblongoid, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, green outside, endocarp color unknown; seeds unknown (sarcotesta blue?). Distribution. A widespread species in West Africa from Liberia to Ghana, and in Central Africa from southern Nigeria to Cameroon; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and South-West regions. Given the past confusion with X. letestui, it is difficult to state the full distribution of X. villosa precisely. Habitat. A large tree species not commonly collected, although locally common westward (O. Lachenaud, personal communication); in evergreen or semi-deciduous rain forests of Sterculiaceae and Ulmaceae, and old secondary forest with Lophira alata, Coula edulis, and Sacoglottis gabonensis. Altitude 0-100 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. oyakwi (Letouzey 9524, Yaoundé). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019h). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia villosa and X. letestui share thick pubescent leaves but the former differs in the broadly cuneate to rounded rather than truncate leaf bases, the longer petioles (2-4 versus 1-1.8 mm), and the longer outer petals (22-34 versus 16.5-19.1 mm). Xylopia villosa also lacks the marginal hair tufts toward the base of the inner petals. The specimen Thomas 7703, which consists of fallen fruits containing seeds, reported the seeds to be "blue, “blue,” suggesting the presence of a sarcotesta. Specimens examined. Central Region: près Nkomeyo 10 km d’Esse, 4.07°N, 11.97°E, 07 November 1969, Letouzey R. 9524 (P,YA). East Region: 65 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.08°N, 14.67°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1227 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 686 (WAG,YA); 3 km E of km 58 of road Edéa-Kribi, 3.72°N, 10.3°E, 05 October 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 6815 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.26°N, 9.2°E, 08 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7703 (MO). Unresolved names Uvaria busgenii Unwin (non Diels), West African Forests & Forestry: 263, 1920 This species was published by Unwin in his West African Forests & Forestry book (Unwin 1920) suggesting it grows in the region of Johann-Albrechtshöhe (now Kumba, South-West region). Unwin states (p. 263) it is a common "large tree" and wood is used to make "European “European” houses in the Calabar region of Nigeria. The name is accompanied by the description of the plant (mainly the wood) and its uses. However, no specimen is listed. The species is presumably named in honor of the German collector Moritz Büsgen (1858-1921), who collected in SW Cameroon in 1908. It is possible that Unwin could have seen a specimen collected by Büsgen. Specimens of Büsgen are deposited in Berlin (B) and four collections of Annonaceae species are available online. Only one refers to an Uvaria collected in Johann-Albrechtshöhe [B 10 0153104, Büsgen 191 ]. This specimen is however the holotype (and only specimen) of Uvaria marginata Diels (now synonym of U. obanensis) and does not correspond to a tree as stated in the description. Uvaria species are generally scrambling shrubs or lianas. However, several tree genera were initially included in Uvaria based on flower characters, such as Uvariodendron ("section Uvariodendron " within Uvaria in Engel and Diels (1901)) or Hexalobus (Botermans et al. 2011). These were generally erected to genus status afterwards (Candolle 1832, in the case of Hexalobus, Fries 1930, in the case of Uvariodendron). Thus, Uvaria busgenii certainly refers to a species in a different genus than Uvaria, possibly Uvariodendron. However, without further material it will be hard to confirm this. Uvaria busgenii Diels (non Unwin), nom. nud. This name was first (?) published in Gilg (1909) page 124, although it doesn’t appear to be the description of a species per se. Only a local name is provided and the indication that it occurs in North Cameroon, and represents a tree. The name has also been used in various other publications (e.g. Wiesner 1918, pages 558, 762). We were however unable to find the original publication describing this name, nor does it appear on IPNI. This name does not refer to the same species as Unwin (see above) as it occurs in North Cameroon. It is probably a manuscript name that was never published, although we have not found any herbarium sheets with this name marked on it yet. Northern Cameroon harbors very few Annonaceae species, and it is hard to see what species or even genus Gilg is referring too here. The common name is "bongele “bongele”, but this name is attributed to Eribroma oblongum (Mast.). Pierre ex A.Chev.) now a synonym of Sterculia oblonga Mast. (Malvaceae)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 495-497, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Unwin, AH, 1920. West African Forests and Forestry. Adelphi Terrace, London, U.K., DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57756","Botermans, M, Sosef, MSM, Chatrou, LW, Couvreur, TLP, 2011. A revision of the African genus Hexalobus (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 36: 33 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X553108","Candolle, AP de, 1832. Memoire sur la famille des Annonacees, et en particulier sur les especes du pays des Birmans. Memoires de la Societe Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 5: 177 - 221","Fries, RE, 1930. Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen I. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 1 - 128","Gilg, E, 1909. IV. Die bis jetzt bekannten hohen Baeume Kameruns, welche wertvolles Holz geben oder als Nutzhoelzer in Frage kommen koennten. Notizblatt des Koenigl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 45: 123 - 131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3994004","Wiesner, J, 1918. 2 Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs : versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches. 3. Aufl. W. Engelmann, Leipzig"]}

Uvariopsis pedunculosa (Diels) Robyns & Ghesq., Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B 53: 321 1933 Figs 136, 137; Map 16F ≡ Tetrastemma pedunculosum Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53(3-5): 441. 1915. = Uvariopsis vanderystii Robyns & Ghesq., Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B 53: 64, 1933. Syn. nov. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bandundu; Kikwit, Vanderyst H. 9973, 1921: holotype: BR[BR0000008824387]. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 3868, Mar 1906: B[B 10 0153122]; isotypes: BM[BM000554078]; BR[BR0000008824196, BR0000008824226]; HBG[HBG502486]; K[K000199041]; M [M0107937]; P[P00362599, P00362601]; US [US 00098850]. Description. Shrub to tree, 3-8 m tall, d.b.h. 1.5-5 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous to pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 17.2-29 cm long, 5.7-11 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-2.3 cm long, base acute, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, globose in bud, 1 to 5 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences dimorphic; male pedicels 25-130 mm, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, both bracts 1.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; female pedicels 80-320 mm long, 2-4 mm in diameter; in fruit mm long, mm in diameter; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, both bracts 2.5-6 mm long, 5-6 mm wide; male sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, 7 mm long, 7 mm wide, very broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; female sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, 7-17 mm long, 13-15 mm wide, very broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, fleshy, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; male petals 4, basally fused, tube ca. 3 mm long, 10-15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, wine-brown outside, white cream inside, margins flat, shortly tomentose outside, glabrous inside; female petals 4, basally fused, tube 2.5-3 mm long, 14-16 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, fleshy, wine-brown outside, white cream inside, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; male flowers: stamens 150 to 250, in 10 to 12 rows, ca. 1 mm long, oblong; connective reduced or absent, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; female flowers: carpels free, 50 to 140, ovary 2-4 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 4 to 9, 10-17 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex rounded, sparsely pubescent, verrucose, longitudinally 1 ribbed, brown when ripe; seeds 6 to 10 per monocarp, 7-10 mm long, 5-7 mm in diameter; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from South, South-West and Littoral regions. Habitat. In primary or secondary lowland rain forests. Altitude: 200-1100 m a.s.l. IUCN conservation status. assessed under the name U. vanderystii, Least Concern (LC) (Cheek 2014e). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis pedunculosa is easily distinguished in flower by the combination of globose flower buds and basally fused petals. Le Thomas (1969b) had not seen any fruiting material of the species (as U. vanderystii), but it has since become available. Uvariopsis pedunculosa was placed in synonymy with U. dioica in the second edition of the Flora of West Tropical Africa (Keay 1952). However, after careful examination of the type materials of both names, we conclude that U. pedunculosa is in fact conspecific with U. vanderystii. Indeed, the type of U. pedunculosa (Zenker 3868) has long flowering pedicels (up to 130 mm) and clearly globose flowers (as seen in the BR specimen [BR0000008824226]), while U. dioica has pedicels up to 50 mm long and ovoid-conical flower buds (Robyns and Ghesquière 1933; Kenfack et al. 2003). Given the priority rule, the name U. pedunculosa (1915, as Tetrastemma pedunculosum Diels) should be retained over U. vanderystii (1933). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1173 (MPU,P,WAG,YA). South Region: Elephant Mont, 2.79°N, 10.02°E, 16 October 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ELEX_15 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Onoyong, 2.52°N, 10.69°E, 18 March 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ONOX_182 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Onoyong, 2.52°N, 10.69°E, 18 March 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. ONOX_274 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Mamelles Massif, 2.56°N, 9.949°E, 23 April 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3242 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3868 (B,BM,BR,K,L,P). South-West Region: on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.724°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1063 (WAG,YA); on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.730°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1066 (WAG,YA); on trail through palm oil plantation 3 km before lava flow and Seme Beach hotel when coming from Limbe, 4.07°N, 9.085°E, 18 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 517 (WAG,YA); Ajang saprophyte plot, 4.76°N, 9.683°E, 01 December 1999, Gosline W.G. 244 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Crète du Nta Ali (1266 m) entre côtes 1009 et 1202 30 km SE Mamfe, 5.59°N, 9.502°E, 19 June 1975, Letouzey R. 13849 (P,YA); Likomba-Pflanzung 15-35 km NE von Victoria [Limbe], 4.1°N, 9.333°E, 03 December 1928, Mildbraed G.W.J. 10745 (B,K); Environs de Matene RF Takamanda 32 km SW Akwaya, 6.25°N, 9.372°E, 30 April 1987, Satabié B. 873 (YA); Forest on the southern slope of Mount above Batoke, 4.08°N, 9.1°E, 29 December 1983, Thomas D.W. 2756 (MO,YA); Takamanda Forest Reserve, 6.21°N, 9.433°E, 30 April 1987, Thomas D.W. 7364 (P); Massif du Ntali crête sommitale 30 km SE Mamfe, 5.58°N, 9.510°E, 14 June 1982, Villiers J.-F. 1427 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 427-431, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cheek, M, 2014e. Uvariopsis vanderystii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T45422A3001751. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T45422A3001751.en","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Keay, RWJ, 1952. Revision of the \"Flora of West Tropical Africa\", I - Annonaceae. Kew Bulletin 7: 149 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4109256","Robyns, W, Ghesquiere, J, 1933. Essai de revision des genres Uvariopsis Engl. et Diels et Tetrastemma Diels (Annonacees). Annales de la Societe scientifique de Bruxelles, Serie B 53.","Kenfack, D, Gosline, G, Gereau, RE, Schatz, GE, 2003. The genus Uvariopsis (Annonaceae) in tropical Africa with a recombination and one new species from Cameroon. Novon 13: 443 - 449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3393377"]}

Monanthotaxis enghiana (Diels) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Figs 53, 54; Map 7D ≡ Popowia enghiana Diels, Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 213, 1911; Friesodielsia enghiana (Diels) Verdc. in Le Thomas Fl. Gabon No. 16: 240, 1969. = Oxymitra grandiflora Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 21: 116, 1951; Richella grandiflora (Boutique) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Fiesodielsia grandiflora (Boutique) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Yalibutu, 45 km NW of Yangambi, Germain R.G.A. 883, 22 Jan 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: BR n.v.; isolectotypes: K [K000913652, K000913653]; MO n.v. = Unona obanensis Baker f., Cat. Pl. Oban 4, 1913; Oxymitra obanensis (Baker f.) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 156, 1916; Richella obanensis (Baker f.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17 a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia obanensis (Baker f.) Steenis, Blumea 12 (2): 359, 1964. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State, Oban, Talbot P.A. 1246, 1911: holotype: BM [BM000547069]. = Popowia mangenotii Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 578, 1953. Type. Central African Republic: Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, Tisserant C. (Équipe) 1285 , 14 Dec 1948: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P [P00363339]; isolectotypes: BR n.v.; K[K000913654]; P[P00363338]. = Popowia mangenotii f. concolor Sillans, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. sér. 2, 24: 580, 1953. Type. Central African Republic, Lobaye, Station de Boukoko, Boukokok, 5 Apr 1951. C. Tisserant (Équipe) 2062 : lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 150: P[P00363336]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000547068]; BR n.v., P[P003633385, P01985781]. Type. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord Kivu; Fort Beni à Semliki, Mildbraed G.W.J. 2213, 1907-1908: holotype: B[B100153056]. Description. Liana, up to 15 m tall or up to canopy, d.b.h. to 6 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense erect dark-brown hairs 0.9-1.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10.8-35 cm long, 3.3-7.5 cm wide, narrowly oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen up to 5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below whitish blue, densely pubescent to pubescent with erect brown hairs when young, pubescent to glabrous when old, above pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above densely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 11 to 20 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, (1)2 to 5 per inflorescence; pedicel 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 18-22 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; basal bract ca. 2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; upper bract 3-5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-5 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 12-22 mm long, 7-14 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9-14 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, ovate to rhombic, apex acute, base truncate, brown-violet, margins flat, glabrous but pubescent towards base outside, glabrous but pubescent towards the base inside; stamens 90 to 110, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, cuneate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 40 to 60, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 2-5 mm long, 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 5 to 15, 14-18 mm long, 34 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, densely pubescent, smooth, constricted around seeds when more than 1, glaucous green when ripe; seeds 1 to 2(3) per monocarp, 11-12 mm long, 7-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread west and central African species, from Guinea to Ivory Coast, and from Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and Uganda; in Cameroon recorded from Adamaoua, Central, East, Littoral, South, South-West regions. Habitat. A very common and widespread species; in primary and young or old secondary rain forests, or semi-deciduous forests, submontane forests, gallery forests and swamp forests. Altitude 0-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Mavembegne (Pygmée name, language not specified). Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis enghiana is usually distinguished by the narrowly oblong to oblanceolate leaves that are whitish-blue below, and the long dense dark-brown erect hairs on the young foliate branches, petioles and lower side of leaf blades. Some specimens have oblong leaves and can be confused with M. hirsuta when sterile. However, this latter species has much larger flowers (the petals being more than twice as long) and its thecae cover more than half the stamen length, while in M. enghiana the thecae are very short covering less than half the stamen length. Monanthotaxis enghiana is also morphologically close to M. dielsiana and M. glaucifolia, but clearly differs in the pubescence type. This is one of the most common species of Annonaceae across the forest region of Cameroon. It is generally encountered as a sapling on the forest floor. As for most lianas, it resembles a scrambling shrub when juvenile, sometimes forming large clumps. Selected specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: Mbakaou, 6.00°N, 12.88°E, 12 January 2017, Kamdem N. 465 (YA). Central Region: Mefou proposed national park Near Mefou town, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 08 March 2004, Cheek M. 11499 (K,YA); Ottotomo Forest reserve 7 km north-west from Ngoumou 30 km south west from Yaoundé, 3.65°N, 11.28°E, 24 February 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 986 (WAG,YA); Ngoro, 5.07°N, 11.22°E, 29 April 2017, Kamdem N. 499 (YA). East Region: 18 km NW of Doumé along road to Nguélémendouka, 4.23°N, 13.45°E, 24 November 1961, Breteler F.J. 2137 (BR,P,WAG,YA); 75 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1201 (MPU,WAG,YA); Palisco forest consession 15 km along main road into consession, 3.48°N, 13.59°E, 27 March 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 754 (WAG,YA); Deng Deng, 5.20°N, 13.13°E, 27 July 2014, Kamdem N. 167 (YA); Route Bertoua-Deng Deng à 6 km au Sud de Mambaya, 4.91°N, 13.76°E, 26 January 1961, Letouzey R. 3248 (P,YA); A 15 km au S de Djouo (20 km E de Somalomo sur le Dja), 3.32°N, 12.93°E, 23 February 1962, Letouzey R. 4359 (P,YA); A 20 km au S de Mvoy I (45 km à l’Est de Yokadouma), 3.31°N, 15.51°E, 16 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5071 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Mapubi 30 km before Edea on Yaoundé-Edea road On forestry road 5 km direction to Sanaga river, 3.84°N, 10.38°E, 28 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1176 (MPU,WAG,YA); Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On Djashaka trail, 4.35°N, 10.24°E, 13 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 618 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.91°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 653 (WAG,YA); Ebo forest reserve ca 2500 m on Dicam trail from Bekob camp, 4.34°N, 10.40°E, 11 March 2007, Wieringa J.J. 5898 (WAG). South Region: 20 km from Kribi 2 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.01°N, 10.05°E, 12 December 1969, Bos J.J. 5818 (WAG); 24 km from Kribi ca 3 km N of Lolodorf road, 3.03°N, 10.08°E, 31 March 1970, Bos J.J. 6653 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); 20 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.33°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 466 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 669 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 691 (WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 27 February 1997, Parren M.P.E. 23 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 May 1913, Zenker G.A. 357 (M,P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, 21 May 1996, Cable S. 2523 (K); Gully by Daniel Ajang’s saprophyte site, 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 07 July 1996, Cable S. 3683 (K,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.502°E, 25 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1003 (WAG,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.09°N, 9.057°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1037 (WAG,YA); on forest trail north of Ngomboku village, 4.91°N, 9.730°E, 06 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1065 (WAG,YA); Etome, 4.05°N, 9.116°E, 31 January 1997, Nning J. 212 (K,MO,YA); Bakingili, 4.06°N, 9.033°E, 15 February 1997, Nning J. 259 (K,YA); Mahole, 4.81°N, 9.615°E, 29 November 1999, Onana J.M. 947 (K,MO,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 192-195, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Piptostigma Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 158, 1864 = Phaeanthus Hook. f. & Thoms. sect. Piptostigma (Oliv.) Baillon Hist. Pl. 4: 287 1878. Type species. Piptostigma pilosum Oliv. Description. Trees, 1-20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 21 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-11 mm long, 1-6 mm in diameter; blade 7-66 cm long, 3-3 cm wide, ovate or elliptic or obovate or oblong, apex acuminate to emarginate, acumen 0.2-2.7 cm long, base cordate to decurrent, blade inserted on top of the petiole, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 14 to 65 pairs; tertiary venation percurrent. Inflorescence variable in length from compact to lax, composed of a peduncle like base and axial internodes. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, 1 to 28 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-20 mm long; in fruit 9-25 mm long; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-12 mm long, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; petals free, valvate, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 5-28 mm long, 1.5-11 mm wide, elliptic or ovate or obovate, apex acute or acuminate, base truncate; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-80 mm long, 4-20 mm wide, elliptic or ovate, apex acute, base truncate; stamens numerous, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid; staminodes absent; carpels free, 1 to 15, ovary 1-3 mm long, stigma globose or lobed. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 6, 13-65 mm long, 8-40 mm in diameter, globose to oblong, apex acute or rounded or cuspidate; seeds biseriate, 1-15 mm long, 2-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of 13 species from West and Central Africa (no species yet known from East Africa); all species are present in Cameroon, six endemic, making it the center of diversity for this genus. Piptostigma and Brieya are the only Annonaceae genera in Cameroon with longer inner petals than outer. Piptostigma has spectacular inflorescences that are unique among Cameroonian Annonaceae. They appear complex, but are in fact simple and, the different inflorescence types are an important character to identify species. First, inflorescences appear to be "stalked “stalked”, that is they have a short woody peduncle at the based on the inflorescence structure and is probably the result of fallen old inflorescences. This peduncle is variable in length. Then follows the indeterminate part or sympodial rachis, which contains axial internodes variable in length. Different lengths between the internodes will lead to different overall aspects of the inflorescence. Following Ghogue et al. (2017) and Maas et al. (2003) we can distinguish three types: compact: internodes are shorter than 1 cm giving a very compact appearance to the inflorescence. lax or sub-lax: internodes are between 1 and 4 cm long, leading to more or less long inflorescences. This is found in most species. panicle-like: internodes between 5 and 10.5 cm long leading to long pendant inflorescences. We shall refer to these terms in the descriptions below and the key. Finally, we end up with the pedicel and flower per se. Taxonomy. Ghogue et al. (2017)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 277-278, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Ghogue, J-P, Sonke, B, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Taxonomic revision of the African genera Brieya and Piptostigma (Annonaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 150: 173 - 216, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2017.1137","Maas, PJM, Westra, LYTH, Chatrou, LW, 2003. Duguetia. Flora Neotropica Monograph 88. New York Botanical Garden, New York, 1-275."]}

Xylopia hypolampra Mildbr., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, Append. 27: 18, 1913 Figs 144, 145; Map 17I = Xylopia brieyi De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. État 4: 385, 1914. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kongo Central Province, Ganda-Sundi, de Briey J. 108, 8 Oct 1911: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 169: BR[BR 0000008824844]; isolectotypes: BR[BR0000008824790, BR 0000008824806, BR 0000008824813, BR 0000008824837]; US[US1270066]. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Lomié, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5183, 13 May 1911: lectotype, designated by Le Thomas (1969b), p. 181: HBG[HBG502479]. Description. Tree, 30-40 m tall, d.b.h. up to 80 cm; stilt roots and buttresses absent. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to pubescent, with fine matted hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5.7-7.5 cm long, 1.4-1.9 cm wide, lanceolate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.2 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below densely silvery-sericeous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 18 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle absent. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-4 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 3-6 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 4, evenly spaced, ca. 2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 25-28.7 mm long, 2.5-2.6 mm wide at base, linear, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, yellow to light green, pubescent with base glabrous to sericeous outside, pubescent and glabrous towards base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-31 mm long, 1.9-2.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens ca. 100, in 7 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous, red; carpels 7 to 12, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigmas connivent, sometimes free at tips, filiform, 1.6-2.5 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps sessile; monocarps 6 to 8, 26-41 mm long, 11-22 mm wide, obovoid, ellipsoid or oblongoid, becoming slightly ridged and sunken between the ridges when dried, apex rounded, glabrous, greenish brown, flecked with pale brown lenticels outside, endocarp pink-red; seeds up to 10 per monocarp, in two rows, 7-11 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta greenish white in vivo; aril absent. Distribution. Central Cameroon to southwestern Central African Republic and south to southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species, in lowland or submontane evergreen or semi-deciduous rain forest, sometimes along forest edges, and in gallery forest. Altitude 400-900 m. a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. abiès (Bulu, de Wilde 7963), odjobi (Foury 101); moley, munjié, monjié, sangé, sangi (Bibaya); nom akwi, mvomba (Yaoundé). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019f). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia hypolampra is easily distinguished from other species of Xylopia by its narrow, lanceolate to elliptic leaves that are distinctly silvery-sericeous below. The flower pedicels are short, the flowers appearing sessile in the leaf axils. The monocarps are sessile and when fresh are brown with pale brown lenticels. At maturity the monocarps open along 3 lines, and reflex strongly, showing the seeds covered with a greenish white sarcotesta on a red endocarp. Hornbills and monkeys feed on the fruits and seeds; at the Dja Faunal Reserve site in Cameroon Ceratogymna hornbills were particularly effective in extending the seed shadow for individual trees (Holbrook and Smith 2000). Specimens examined. Central Region: Mefou proposed national park near Mefou town, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 08 March 2004, Cheek M. 11487 (K,YA); Méfou National Park just after Ape Action Africa center along road, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 24 April 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 420 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 1 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 25 June 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 450 (WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 101 (OWU,P); Banlieu de Yaoundé sur une piste après la borne 9, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 26 November 1959, Mpom B. 362 (P,YA). East Region: 74 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.16°N, 14.71°E, 04 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1198 (MPU,WAG,YA); A 30 km au NE de Bange (km 75 route Yokadouma-Moloundou), 3.02°N, 15.12°E, 25 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5139 (P,YA); entre Bidjum et Dscha-Posten, 3.15°N, 13.61°E, 13 May 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5183 (HBG); Deng Deng, 5.2°N, 13.52°E, 01 January 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8827 (BM,K). South Region: 21 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.33°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 467 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 13 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 694 (WAG,YA); 17 km on the road from Ebolowa to Minkok, 2.81°N, 11.13°E, 06 February 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7963 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Bipindi - Ebolowa, 3.00°N, 10.92°E, 01 December 1913, Mildbraed G.W.J. 7618 (B,K); Mvie (Akom II), 2.88°N, 10.58°E, 28 January 1998, van der Burgt X.M. 364 (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 460-463, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Holbrook, KM, Smith, TB, 2000. Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest. Oecologia 125: 249 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445"]}

Monanthotaxis dielsiana (Engl.) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 14, 2017 Map 7B ≡ Unona dielsiana Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39(3-4): 476, 1907. Oxymitra dielsiana (Engl.) Sprague & Hutch.Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 156, 1916; Richella dielsiana (Engl.) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia dielsiana (Engl.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2473, Dec 1901: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 147: B[B100154098]; isolectotypes: B[B100154096, B100154097, B100154099]; BM[BM001125043]; BR[BR000008801388]; COI[COI00071518]; E; G[G00308364]; GOET[GOET005688, GOET005689]; HBG[HBG502481]; K[K000198948]; KFTA[KFTA 0001554, KFTA 0001555]; L[L 0182291]; M[M-0240178]; P[P00363342, P00363343, P01988326]; S[S07-13404]; WAG[WAG0057970]; WU[WU 0025876]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with orange-brown hairs ca. 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 6-11 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10.5-21.5 cm long, 3.5-4 cm wide, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-2.5 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous to membranous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 14 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence, pedicel 15-27 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 15-30 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, pubescent; basal bract ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 10-15 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 8 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens ca. 65, in 3 rows, ca. 0.5 mm long, cylindrical; connective rounded, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 41, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps ca. 6, ca. 45 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid to cylindrical, apex rounded, densely pubescent, rugulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, brown when unripe; seeds 1 to 2 per monocarp, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter, subcylindrical; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. A rare species, known from two collections; in primary rain forests. Altitude 0-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered (CR) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis dielsiana is distinguished by its dense yellow to orange-brown appressed pubescence on the young foliate branches, and flowers with around 65 stamens. It resembles M. enghiana and M. glaucifolia by the overall morphology of the flowers and leaves, but M. enghiana has longer erect hairs and M. glaucifolia has denser light-brown appressed hairs; in addition, M. enghiana and M. glaucifolia have many more stamens (more than 90). Specimens examined. Central Region: 60 km SW of Eséka S of Nyong R 12 km W of Songbong, 3.47°N, 10.5°E, 10 March 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 5088 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1902, Zenker G.A. 2473 (L,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 188-191, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Annickia letestui (Le Thomas) Setten & Maas, Taxon 39(4): 676, 1990 Fig. 6; Map 1D ≡ Enantia letestui Le Thomas, Adansonia sér. 2, 2: 306, 1962. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, Ikembélé, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 8432, Oct 1930: lectotype, here designated: P[P00267987]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000547036]; BR[BR0000006418700]; P[P00362651, P02005895, P02005896]. Description. Tree, 2-8 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent, slash yellow. Indumentum of simple, bifid, fasciculate or stellate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 3-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose to sparsely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10-29.5 cm long, 3.5-10.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base cuneate to rounded to acuminate, subcoriaceous, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old, hairs simple, bifid and stellate pointing in all directions, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 13 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation intermediate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-14 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit ca. 10 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bract 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-9 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals absent; inner petals 3, valvate, 12-26 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, ovate to inversely Y-shaped ridged, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow-green, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent towards margins inside; stamens 60 to 125, in 5 to 6 rows, ca. 2 mm long, linear; connective flattened, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 35, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma lobed, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 8-19 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; monocarps 8 to 20, 19-25 mm long, 10-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex mucronate, glabrous, smooth, glossy, green turning red to black when ripe; seeds ca. 20 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon, and one collection in northern Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species; in lowland rain forests, mainly in primary habitats. Altitude 300-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. M’Fo, Mofo, Mpuley (dial. Mab Kwasio, van Andel 4216); N’jie (Dials. Duala, Punu, Bos 4962). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019c). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Annickia letestui is characterized by having tomentose young foliate branches and petioles, the lower side of the leaf blades are pubescent with appressed or erect hairs that are simple, bifid, fasciculate or stellate, pointing in all directions. Versteegh and Sosef (2007) note that the indumentum is quite variable within this species, even within individuals, varying from short and appressed to erect and longer hairs. Vernacular names are likely to apply to other species of the genus. Specimens examined. South Region: 15 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.00°N, 10.02°E, 01 July 1969, Bos J.J. 4962 (MO,WAG); Mendoum, 2.22°N, 11.23°E, 13 February 1965, Raynal J. 13392 (P); Campo-Ma’an area Bifa, 2.67°N, 10.28°E, 13 October 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. BIFAX_150 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area 2.73°N, 9.873°E, 16 August 2001, van Andel T.R. 3882 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area near Boussebeliga creek bridge, 2.37°N, 9.822°E, 26 October 2001, van Andel T.R. 4216 (WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019c. Annickia letestui. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132513323A132513614. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132513323A132513614.en","Versteegh, PC, Sosef, MSM, 2007. Revision of the African genus Annickia (Annonaceae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 77 (1): 91 - 118, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20649730"]}

Duguetia dilabens Chatrou & Repetur, Changing Genera: 69, 1998 Map 4A Type. Gabon. Ngounié; new road from Mouila to Yeno, 5 km on either side of Kembele village, Thomas D.W. & Wilks C.M. 6510, 20 Jul 1986: lectotype, sheet here designated: WAG[WAG0143388]; isotypes: MO[MO-357359]; P[P00389133]; WAG[WAG0027128]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of stellate or fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7-16 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base acute, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, distinct, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed, not forming a peduncle. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-12 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; in fruit 10-50 mm long, 1-15 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts 5-9 mm long, 7-9 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 12-15 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, greyish green, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner to sub equal; outer petals 3, 12-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, white, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 13-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 75, 2-3.5 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Fruit pseudosyncarpous, size and shape unknown; carpels sessile, free to basally fused, unknown number of carpels, 20-35 mm long, ovary 10-30 mm in diameter, obovoid to deltoid, apex apiculate, pubescent, densely pubescent, longitudinally ribbed with 6 to 7 main ribs, color unknown; seed 1 per monocarp, 12-20 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril present, color unknown. Distribution. Known from Gabon and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from South and Littoral regions. Habitat. A rare species known from four specimens; in lowland periodically inundated or non-inundated rain forests. Altitude 0-500 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Texier and Stévart 2020) Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Duguetia dilabens is distinguished by its leaves that are narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, the midrib not grooved above and the carpels only basally fused in fruit. It was recently collected in Campo Ma’an National Park (Couvreur 692), but the sample is sterile and the identification remains doubtful, although the leaves do match the type specimen. Couvreur 692 also notes that the trunk had a bark peeling in smallish flakes. Specimens examined. South Region: Reserve forestière de la Kienké (Kribi-Ebolowa km 16), 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 05 January 1968, Bamps P.R.J. 1679 (BR, YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 692 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 106-108, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Texier, N, Stevart, T, 2020. Duguetia dilabens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132517129A132517218. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T132517129A132517218.en"]}

Xylopia L., Systema Naturae ed. 10, 2: 1250, 1759 = Xylopicrum P. Browne; Hist. Jamaic. 250-251 + t. 5, fig. 2, 1756; Xylopicron, orth. mut., Adanson; Fam. 2: 365, 1763; Unona Linnaeus f., Suppl. pl. 270. Apr 1782; Bulliarda Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 321. 1790, nom. superfl., non Candolle, 1801; Krockeria Necker, Elem. bot. 2: 317-318. 1790; Coelocline A. de Candolle, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 5: 208-209. 1832; Habzelia Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 123. 1855, non A. DC.; Parartabotrys Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 374. 1861 ['1860 ‘1860’]; Pseudanona (Baillon) Safford, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 17. 1913, as " Pseudannona." Description. Trees or shrubs, 2-50 m tall, d.b.h. up to 90 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent or present. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 1-12 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; blade 3.6-21.3 cm long, 1.2-8.4 cm wide, lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex acuminate or acute or obtuse or cuspidate, acumen 0.2-2.1 cm long, base rounded, cordate, cuneate, obtuse, or truncate; midrib sunken or flat above, rarely slightly raised; secondary veins 7 to 20 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, plants ramiflorous on young foliate or older leafless branches, rarely cauliflorous, 1-32-flowered; pedicel 1-12 mm long; in fruit 1-30 mm long; bracts 1-6, basal or inserted along the pedicel. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls; sepals 3, valvate, free or basally fused, 1-7 mm long, apex acute or acuminate or rounded or apiculate, base truncate; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 5.8-64 mm long, 1.2-6 mm wide, linear, lanceolate, ligulate-lanceolate, or ovate, apex acute, rounded, or obtuse, base broad and concave; inner petals 3, valvate, 3.5-48 mm long, 1-5.4 mm wide, linear, ovate, oblong, rhombic, or lanceolate, apex acute, obtuse, or acuminate, base broad and concave,; stamens 40-300, 1-2 mm long, oblong or clavate; connective apex capitate, shieldlike, or conical, filaments connate at base to form a cone surrounding the carpels, or staminal cone absent; staminodes present, in one outer and one inner whorl, the inner whorl absent in X. aurantiiodora, X. mildbraedii, and X. quintasii; carpels free, 3 to 50, 1-3 mm long, stigma filiform, cylindrical, oblong, linear-falcate or ellipsoid. Monocarps dehiscent, stipitate, subsessile, or sessile; monocarps 1 to 36, 19-98 mm long, 6-40 mm wide, narrowly oblong to oblong, sometimes falciform, torulose, or moniliform, apex acute, rounded or mucronate; seeds 5-22 mm long, 3-17 mm wide, ellipsoid to oblong, somewhat flattened, seed coat with a fleshy outer layer (sarcotesta) and hard inner layer, or sarcotesta absent; aril absent or present. Type species. Xylopia muricata L. (a West Indian species). A genus of nearly 200 species trees and shrubs, the genus with a pantropical distribution. In Cameroon there are 22 species, comprising over 13% of the Annonaceae flora for the country, but no species is endemic to the country. The dehiscent monocarps of Xylopia are unique among the Annonaceae genera found in Cameroon. Xylopia flamignii Boutique was reported for Cameroon by Onana (2013), but the voucher specimen (Harris 3680B) has been re-identified as X. cupularis. Xylopia flamignii reaches its northern limit in southeastern Gabon and central Republic of the Congo (Johnson and Murray 2018). Taxonomy. Johnson and Murray (2018)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 441-442, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Onana, JM, 2013. Synopsis des especes vegetales vasculaires endemiques et rares du Cameroun - Check Liste pour la gestion durable et la conservation de la biodiversite. Flore du Cameroun 40. Herbier National du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon","Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975"]}

Artabotrys insignis Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 483, 1907 Fig. 11; Map 2E = Artabotrys malchairi De Wild., Etudes Fl. Bangala & Ubangi: 312, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Environ de Likimi, Malchair L. 282, 20 Apr 1910: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000014480478]; isotype: BR[BR0000014480461]. = Artabotrys insignis var. latifolius Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 256, 1947. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, région de Lastoursville, Moughimba, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 8474; 27 Oct 1930: lectotype, here designated: P[P01954179]; isolectotype: BM[BM000546856]. = Artabotrys lucidus A. Chev.; Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Franc., 1: 9, 1920, nom. nud. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2801, 1904: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0153021]; isotypes: B[B 10 0153022]; COI[COI00004928]; GOET[GOET005674]; HBG[HBG502547]; K[K000198855]; MO[MO-216862]; P[P00363364]; S[S-G-7465]; WAG[WAG0053175]; WU[WU0025886]. Description. Liana, up to 10 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent with short appressed hairs. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-20 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base acute, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, below sparsely pubescent to pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 9 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, leaf opposed, 1 to 3 per inflorescence, hook-shaped peduncle 16-25 mm long; pedicel 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent with short appressed hairs; in fruit 2-3 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2(?), all basal, basal bracts not seen; sepals 3, valvate, free, 10-15 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green turning light reddish, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 30-35 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base attenuate (rounded), green, margins flat but recurved outwards in vivo, pubescent to densely pubescent outside, pubescent to sparsely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-25 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acute, base broad and concave, margins flat, but recurved outwards in vivo, densely pubescent to pubescent outside, pubescent to sparsely pubescent inside; stamens numerous, number of rows not seen, 2 mm long, cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 17, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma cylindrical, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 7 to 9, 20-25 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex long apiculate and slightly curved, glabrous, smooth, not ribbed; red when ripe, seeds 2 per monocarp, 8-11 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A west and central African species, from Sierra Leone to Benin and from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from Central, East, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species in Cameroon, in secondary rain forests a long fringes of forests, in swampy regions too. Altitude 100-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Artabotrys insignis var. insignis is distinguished by its overall relatively glabrous branches and petioles, long (> 10 cm) elliptic leaves with an acute leaf base (more rarely rounded), long (10-15 mm) triangular sepals, long and wide petals, and glabrous smooth fruits with a distinctive long curved apicule. Specimens examined. Central Region: Route Ndanan I-Ndangan I, 3.62°N, 11.58°E, 10 March 2004, Cheek M. 11641 (K,YA); Yangafok II 25 km ENE de Bafia, 4.93°N, 11.37°E, 26 November 1969, Letouzey R. 9607 (P,YA). East Region: 82 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.73°E, 06 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1214 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.46°N, 10.35°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 710 (WAG,YA); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.73°E, 25 February 1997, Elad M. 580 (KRIBI,WAG); Ebom, 3.1°N, 10.71°E, 26 February 1997, Parren M.P.E. 4 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2801 (B,BR,K,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1907, Zenker G.A. 3320 (P). South-West Region: Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.096°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1044 (MPU,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.28°N, 9.083°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7578 (MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Isolona hexaloba (Pierre) Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. zu 3(2): 161, 1897 Figs 37, 38; Map 5D ≡ Monodora hexaloba Pierre, Fig. Herb. L. Pierre, del. E. Delpy 5/1896, 1896. = Isolona bruneelii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. ser. 5, 3(1): 82, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Dikila, Bruneel A.C.E. s.n., Dec 1906: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008800152]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008799692, BR0000008799364, BR0000008799302]; S[S10-20956]. = Isolona seretii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. ser. 5, 3[1]: 82, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, near Nala, Seret F. 792, Mar 1907: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008800992]; isotype: BR[BR0000008801326]. = Isolona solheidii De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3: 83, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, surroundings of Yambuya, Solheid A.F. s.n., 1906: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008799395]; isotype: BR[BR0000008799722]. = Isolona seretii var. grandifolia De Wild., Ét. Fl. Bang. Ub.: 313, 1911. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Mobwasa, Claessens J. 615, Apr 1910: holotype: BR. = Isolona pleurocarpa subsp. nigerica Keay, Kew Bull. 7: 157, 1952. Type. Nigeria. Ijebu State, Shasha Forest Reserve, Richards P.W. 3343, 8 Apr 1935: holotype: BM[BM000546386]; isotypes: BR[BR0000014130090]; G[G00011543, G00011544]; MO[MO-2246487]; S[S10-20983]. Type. Gabon. Estuaire; Environs de Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 360, 17 Feb 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363270]; isotypes: B; K[K00198842]; P[P00363269, P00363268]; WAG[WAG0251603]. Description. Tree to shrub, 15-30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 50 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, trunk deeply fluted. Indumentum absent; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-28 cm long, 3-11 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base obtuse to acute, coriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-30 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 20-29 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 5, several basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts ca. 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; upper bract 2-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-3 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 4-10 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 6-25 mm long, 4-12 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute to rounded, dark red, margins flat to wavy, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, spreading horizontally; stamens numerous, in 3 to 4 rows, 2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, ca. 1 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, sessile, 30-70 mm long, 25-40 mm in diameter, ovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, bumpy, irregularly and transversely ribbed, light green to dark purple when ripe; seeds not counted, 8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species from Nigeria to the Democratic Republic of Congo and northern Angola (one specimen); in Cameroon known from Adamaoua, East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West, North-West regions. Habitat. A relatively rare species in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary evergreen forests, but also in semi-deciduous forests, also along rivers. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019t). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Isolona hexaloba is distinguished by the short and grooved petiole with the leaf blade inserted on its sides. The corolla lobes are coriaceous and can be quite variable in shape, ranging from elliptic to obovate, with a narrowed base. It is a polymorphic species and has been described under several names, now all reduced to synonymy (Couvreur 2009). Isolona hexaloba resembles I. cooperi by the shape of the corolla lobes, but is distinguished by the insertion of the leaf blade on the side a short petiole and lacks the strong sweet smell. Isolona hexaloba is also similar to I. pleurocarpa, but the later can be distinguished by its decurrent to narrowly cuneate leaf bases, longer petioles, and papyraceous corolla lobes. Specimens examined. Central Region: Tibati près Mbatimbang, 6.14°N, 12.48°E, 04 December 1959, Letouzey R. 2392 (P,YA). East Region: A 25 km environ à l’ENE de Mikel village situé à 85 km au N de Moloundou sur la route de Yokadouma 2.93°N, 15.33°E, 24 February 1971, Letouzey R. 10419 (P,WAG,YA); A 14 km à l’Ouest de Yenga Port Gentil village situé à 35 km au NNE de Moloundou, 2.35°N, 15.35°E, 21 April 1971, Letouzey R. 10703 (BR,COI,K,P,WAG,YA); A 20 km au Sud de Mboy I (45 km à l’Est de Yokadouma), 3.38°N, 15.13°E, 16 May 1963, Letouzey R. 5072 (K,P,WAG,YA). Littoral Region: Douala (route Razel), 4.05°N, 9.71°E, 01 January 1955, Endengle E. SRFK 2121 (P,YA); Roue forestière SNCB (km 36 vers Ndoksom) environ 25 km Sud Yabassi, 4.31°N, 9.958°E, 11 May 1976, Letouzey R. 14910 (C,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Tissongo, 3.58°N, 9.9°E, 01 August 1976, McKey D.B. 245 (K). South Region: ca 15 km east from Lélé village, 2.28°N, 13.32°E, 10 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 495 (WAG,YA); near Bipaga II km 40 road Kribi-Edéa, 3.15°N, 10.01°E, 30 December 1982, de Kruif A.P.M. 998 (MO,WAG,YA); 17 km S of the Lobe river along the road to Campo, 2.81°N, 10.13°E, 18 March 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8088 (BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); A l’Ouest d’Alati (100 km SE de Djoum), 2.2°N, 13.42°E, 13 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11840 (K,P,YA); 22 km on road Kribi to Campo 12 km past Gross Batanga, 2.76°N, 9.881°E, 24 February 1994, Wieringa J.J. 2327 (MPU,U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 November 1901, Zenker G.A. s.n. (P). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.783°E, 31 October 2005, van der Burgt X.M. 791 (BR,G,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). West Region: Bali- Ngemba FR, 5.81°N, 10.08°E, 13 April 2002, Onana J.M. 2030 (K,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 141-144, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019t. Isolona hexaloba. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132677050A132678224. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132677050A132678224.en","Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Meiocarpidium Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 54, 1900 Type species. Meiocarpidium oliverianum (Baillon) D.M.Johnson & N.A.Murray Description. Same as species. A monotypic genus from the Central Atlantic African region (Lower Guinea). Meiocarpidium is characterized by the presence of peltate scale-like hairs, a character unique among Central African Annonaceae. Taxonomy. Le Thomas (1969b)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels, Kew Bull. 25(1): 26, 1971 Map 7E ≡ Unona ferruginea Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 35, 1868. Popowia ferruginea (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels: Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 46, 1901. = Unona eminii Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 179, 1895. Syntypes: Stuhlmann F.L. 1556, n.v., Stuhlmann F.L. 4022, n.v. = Popowia djumaensis De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 5, 3[1]: 76, 1909. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bandundu, vallée de la Dju Gillet J. 2803, Jul. 1907: holotype: BR[BR0000008803160, BR0000008803962]. Type. Angola. Cuanza Norte; Golungo Alto, Welwitsch F.M.J. 761, Jul 1855: lectotype, designated by Paiva (1966), p. 41: LISU[LISU206061]; isolectotypes: B[B100153029]; BM[BM000553834, BM000553835]; BR[BR0000008805324]; COI[COI00004905]; G[G00308369]; K[K000198968]; LISU[LISU206062]; P[P00362602]. Description. Shrub to liana, 3-6 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense erect reddish brown hairs 0.5-0.9 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 3.6-17.2 cm long, 1.8-6.8 cm wide, obovate to oblong-elliptic, apex acute, base subcordate, papyraceous, below pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old; secondary veins 7 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, leaf opposed to extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 13-36 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 5-27 mm long, 1 mm in diameter; bracts 2, one basal, soon falling, and one upper towards the middle of pedicel or lower half of pedicel, basal bract not seen, upper bract 2-6 mm long, 1-5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 3 mm wide, ovate to semiorbicular, apex rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 5.8-6.7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pale yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent towards the margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3-5.4 mm long, 2.7-2.9 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, pale yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; stamens 22 to 25, in 3 rows, 1-2 mm long, obovate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 24, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma elongate, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 3-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to 17, 12-35 mm long, 6-9 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, glabrous, verrucose to weakly torulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, orange to red when ripe; seeds 1 to 3(to 5) per monocarp, 7-8 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species in Central and East Africa, with a disjunct distribution between Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and western Democratic Republic of the Congo and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and western Tanzania and Kenya; in Cameroon known from the East and South regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species in Cameroon, known from three collections to date; in gallery forests, lowland rain forest, brachystegia woodlands, forest edges, old secondary forests, montane forests and rocky plateaus. Altitude 300-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis ferruginea is distinguished by its pubescent branches, petioles and underside of leaf blades with dense erect reddish brown hairs, and its flowers with 22-25 stamens and glabrous carpels. In the vegetative state, it resembles M. bokoli, but M. ferruginea has acute leaf apices (for specimens in Cameroon and Gabon), while these are obtuse in M. bokoli. Specimens examined. East Region: Letta vers Bertoua, 4.55°N, 13.49°E, 07 February 1960, Letouzey R. 2955 (P,P,YA). South Region: 25 km on the road from N’Koemvone to Akoakas Akoakas rock, 2.71°N, 11.28°E, 18 July 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 8371 (BR,MO,P,WAG); Rocher d’Ako’Akas 25 km SE d’Ebolowa sur piste d’Evindissi, 2.43°N, 11.18°E, 04 February 1970, Letouzey R. 10007 (IFAN,MO,P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 196-197, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Paiva, JAR, 1966. Revisao das Annonaceae de Angola. Memorias Sociedade Broteriana 19: 5 - 128","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Sirdavidia Couvreur & Sauquet, PhytoKeys 46: 4, 2015. Type species. Sirdavidia solannona Couvreur & Sauquet. Description. Same as species. Taxonomy. Couvreur et al. (2015)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 317, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, Sonke, B, Niangadouma, R, Sauquet, H, 2015. Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon. PhytoKeys 46: 1 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8937"]}

Monanthotaxis bokoli (De Wild. & T. Durand) Verdc., Kew Bull. 25(1): 24, 1971 Fig. 46; Map 6E ≡ Xylopia bokoli De Wild. & T. Durand, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot. sér. 2, 1(2.1): 2, 1900; Popowia bokoli (De Wild. & T. Durand) Boutique, Fl. Congo Belge & Ruanda-Urundi 2: 349, 1951. = Popowia iboundjiensis Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 96: 212, 1950. Type. Gabon. Ngounié, Ndingui (Mullerville), Le Testu G.M.P.C. 5729, 11 nov 1925: lectotype, chosen by Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 134: P[P00362791]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000553827]; LISC[LISC000388]; P[P00362789, P00362790]. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. no region; no location, Dewèvre A.P. 785 , no date: lectotype, sheet designated in Hoekstra et al. (2021), p. 133: BR[BR0000024941433]; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000008804020, BR0000008804358]. Description. Shrub to liana, 6 m tall, d.b.h unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent with lenticels, young foliate branches densely pubescent with erect reddish brown hairs 0.4-1.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4.5-12.5 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex obtuse, base subcordate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 11 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 11-24 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; in fruit 12-22 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; basal bracts when present 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract 1-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 3-4 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 15-19 mm long, 8.4-11.8 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, ca. 13 mm long, 4.5-5.5 mm wide, linear to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous but pubescent towards margins inside; stamens 24 to 32, in 3 to 4 rows, ca. 1 mm long, obovate; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 27 to 38, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 7-25 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 25, 26-65 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, moniliform, cylindrical, apex rounded to apiculate, glabrous, verrucose to weakly torulose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, yellow turning orange when ripe; seeds 1 to 4 per monocarp, 14-21 mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, subcylindrical; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from Cameroon to Gabon, and the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the Adamaoua, East and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon but with a wide distribution; in swamp forests, gallery forests, premontane primary and secondary rain forests. Altitude: 600-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Monanthotaxis bokoli is distinguished by its dense erect reddish brown hairs on the branches and leaves, large flowers, almost glabrous inner petals inside and monocarps with long stipes and subcylindrical seeds. In pubescence M. bokoli resembles M. ferruginea. Specimens examined. Adamaoua Region: rocher conglomératique de Mbalarzi dans la vallée de la Mbere (65 km NE de Meiganga), 7°N, 14.51°E, 16 October 1963, Letouzey R. 6195 (P). East Region: km 17 of Bétaré Oya-Meiganga road 5 km SE of Ndokayo, 5.55°N, 14.1°E, 03 February 1966, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 7716 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Kongolo, 5.4°N, 14.03°E, 01 April 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 9010 (K). South-West Region: Piste Akwaya-Mamfe près Makomono 7 km S Akwaya, 6.31°N, 9.557°E, 25 July 1975, Letouzey R. 14081 (MO,P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 172-174, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Xylopia quintasii Pierre ex Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 62, 1901 Fig. 150; Map 18I = Xylopia striata Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 160, 1904. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2663, Jan 1903: lectotype, here designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 68: B[B100153156]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000511005, right hand portion of sheet]; K[K001096587]; P[P00169150, P00169151]. = Xylopia lanepoolei Sprague & Hutch., Kew Bull. Misc. Inform.: 160, 1916. Type. Sierra Leone. Western Area, Headquarters District, Heddles Farm, Lane-Poole C.E. 210, Apr 1914: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 69: K[K000380211]; isolectotype: K[spirit collection 15057.00]. = Polyalthia mayumbensis Exell, J. Bot. Suppl. 4: 64, 1926. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Buco Zau, Mayumbe, Gossweiler J. 6845, 28 Nov 1916: holotype: BM[BM 000511084]; isotype: COI[COI 00004887]. Type. Sao Tome and Principe. Insel St. Thomé, bei Angolares, Quintas F. 3, Jan 1886: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 68: K[K000199059]; isolectotype: COI[COI00004887]. Description. Tree, 10-42 m tall, d.b.h. up to 75 cm; buttresses present, narrow and thin. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 6-11.9 cm long, 2.6-5.5 cm wide, obovate to oblanceolate, occasionally elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.2-0.6 cm long, base cuneate and decurrent, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolourous, often tan-colored below; midrib sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 7 to 12 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle sometimes present, 2.6-2.8 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 7 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-9 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 8-19 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts (2)3(4), evenly spaced, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free to basally fused, ca. 2 mm long, 2-1 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 8-15 mm long, 1.8-2.8 mm wide at base, ligulate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, cream to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 7.1-13.2 mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide, linear, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, lacking an internal tooth overhanging the concavity, with fleshy glandlike margins, cream to light green, pubescent outside, pubescent but glabrous towards the base inside; stamens 50 to 80, in 3 to 4 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex conical, glabrous; carpels 3 to 5, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas separate, clavate, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 7-11 mm long, 2-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 4, 35-64 mm long, 7-10 mm wide, narrowly oblongoid, apex with a beak 1.5-4 mm long, glabrous, obliquely striate, occasionally verrucose when dried, slightly constricted around seeds, green outside tinged with brown, endocarp green; seeds 3(5) monocarp, in a single row, 10-13 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta absent; aril present, fimbriate, extending over the length of the seed, membranous, red to deep orange. Distribution. A widespread species in West and Central Africa, from Sierra Leone to northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo and south to northern Angola, also on the island of São Tomé; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral, South-West and West regions. Habitat. A locally common species in primary lowland rain forest on a variety of soils, occasionally in secondary forest or rarely in inundated forest. Altitude: 0-200(680) m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. mbonba (Yaoundé, Letouzey 5510), munjié, monjié, sangé, sangi (Bibaya); nom akwi; muomba (Yaoundé, de Wilde 1320), mvǔ’ma (Fang, Tessmann 760; Tessmann 1913), mwomba. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Botanic Gardens Conservation International and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019g). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. The short blunt petals and fimbriate orange aril of Xylopia quintasii are shared with X. aurantiiodora. Xylopia quintasii, however,is typically a tall tree of uplands,with a straight bole and compact crown with crowded horizontal branches, while X. aurantiiodora is a shrub or small tree of riverine habitats, reaching eventually a height of up to 10 meters. It also lacks the tooth on the inner petal found in X. aurantiiodora. The new leaf flush in X. quintasii is red or purple, in contrast to the white leaf flush in X. congolensis De Wild., a similar species not yet known from Cameroon. Monkeys of several species have been reported as dispersers of the seeds of X. quintasii (summarized in Johnson and Murray 2018). Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Chantier forestier au sud de Song Bon (SE d’Eseka), 3.42°N, 10.49°E, 08 December 1967, Bamps P.R.J. 1376 (P,YA); Ca 5O km NW of Eseka W of Yaoundé on opposite of the Kele River, 3.65°N, 10.78°E, 23 November 1963, de Wilde J.J.F.E 1320 (BR,K,P,WAG,YA); ca 50 km NW of Eséka W of Yaoundé on opposite [side?] of the Kelè-river, 3.75°N, 10.61°E, 01 November 1963, de Wilde W.J.J.O 1320 (K,P,WAG); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 01 January 1935, Foury P. 36 (P); M´balmayo, 3.52°N, 11.5°E, 28 October 1959, Mpom B. 353 (P,YA). East Region: 28 km SW of Bertoua near Toungrélo, 4.58°N, 13.68°E, 12 January 1961, Breteler F.J. 2398 (A,BR,G,K,M,P,SL,U,UC,WAG,YA); A 26 km au SSW de Koso (village situé à 60 km au SSW de Batouri), 3.93°N, 14.17°E, 27 July 1963, Letouzey R. 5510 (K,P,YA); Moloundou, 2.05°N, 15.17°E, 06 December 1910, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4003 (P); south of Sanaga between Yaoundé and Deng Deng, between the union of the Lom (Sanaga) and Djerem rivers about, 125 km NE of Yaoundé, 5.33°N, 13.4°E, 01 February 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8294 (K). South Region: Bipindi, 3.26°N, 10.20°E, 23 June 1918, Annet E. 319 (P); 22 km from Kribi Lolodorf road, 3.05°N, 10.05°E, 09 June 1969, Bos J.J. 4773 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,POZG,WAG,YA); 28 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 483 (WAG,YA); ca 15 km east from Lélé village, 2.29°N, 13.33°E, 10 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 500 (WAG,YA); Hill facing the village of N’koladom, 2.80°N, 11.16°E, 03 January 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7871 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); Hill roughly between Nkolandom and Nkoemvone, 2.8°N, 11.15°E, 09 January 1975, de Wilde J.J.F.E 7889 (B,BR,K,MO,P,U,WAG,YA); TDC Sud Cameroun, 2.65°N, 9.9°E, 14 November 1991, Hallé F. 4240 (WAG); Bipindi - Ebolowa, 3.00°N, 10.92°E, 01 December 1913, Mildbraed G.W.J. 7613 (K); [Locality not legible- but should be Bedai], 2.17°N, 11.12°E, December 1908 [?], Tessmann G. 760 (K); Campo-Ma’an area 2.56°N, 9.833°E, 16 April 2001, van Andel T.R. 3345 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1900, Zenker G.A. 2080 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1914, Zenker G.A. 2094 (B,GH,M,MO,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2655 (L,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2663 (P); Mimfia, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 June 1913, Zenker G.A. 359 (P,U); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 October 1913, Zenker G.A. 408 (P,U); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1911, Zenker G.A. 4096 (L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 4738 (L,P); Mimfia, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 May 1914, Zenker G.A. 580 (P,U). South-West Region: forest near Ngusi village north of Nyassosso, 4.88°N, 9.7°E, 26 April 1986, Etuge M. 56 (B,K,MO,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.02°N, 8.8°E, 01 January 1998, Kenfack D. 1187 (MO); mile 12 Mamfe road between Kumba and Badu 4.75°N, 9.48°E, 01 October 1986, Nemba J. 293 (MO,P,WAG). West Region: Piste Santchou-Bale 18 km SSW de Dschang, 5.26°N, 10.04°E, 26 November 1974, Letouzey R. 13327 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 480-483, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975","Tessmann, G, 1913. Die Pangwe; voelkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes; Ergebnisse der Luebecker Pangwe-expedition 1907-1909 und frueherer Forschungen 1904-1907. Berlin, E. Wasmuth, A.-G., DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/sil.120925.39088000008037"]}

Piptostigma macrophyllum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 199, 2017 Fig. 89; Map 11E Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; above small Koto village (Mt. Cameroon), Thomas D.W. 4493, 6 Mar 1985: holotype: YA[YA0002852]; isotypes: MO[MO3282523]; P[P00284016]. Description. Tree, 5-10 m tall, d.b.h. 10-20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 6-7 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25-41 cm long, 9-16 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 2.5 cm long, base acute, papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 21 to 28 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, pubescent all over, peduncle like base 5-10 mm long, axial internodes 5-15 mm long, compact to sub-lax, sympodial rachis up to 70 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 3 to 6 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-10 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 10-12 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, glabrous; basal bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; upper bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 9-15 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 25-35 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 5, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma globose, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 3, ca. 33 mm long, ca. 35 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, glabrous, verrucose to muricate with short projections, not ribbed, light red pink when ripe; seeds 2 to 4 per monocarp, 10-15 mm long, ca. 12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the South, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species; in primary or secondary lowland or premontane rain forests on black volcanic soils, sometimes in plantations. Altitude 550-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable B2ab(iii,iv) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a l). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma macrophyllum is morphologically close to P. pilosum by the large size and papery consistency of its leaf blade. However, the leaf blades of P. pilosum are mostly oblong or elliptic and only exceptionally narrowly obovate like those of P. macrophyllum. The inflorescences of P. pilosum are also less compact and less pubescent than those of P. macrophyllum. The monocarps of P. macrophyllum strongly resemble those of P. multinervium and P. macranthum being muricate to verrucose in texture with short projections. Piptostigma macrophyllum is distinguished from P. multinervium by its larger size of the leaf blades (25-41 cm long versus 13-21 cm long in P. multinervium), the lower side of the leaf blades being glabrous between the veins in P. macrophyllum and pubescent in P. multinervium; finally the sepals are narrowly ovate in P. macrophyllum while broadly triangular in P. multinervium. From P. macranthum it is distinguished by the leaves being obovate (versus narrowly oblong to oblong). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest Reserve Djuma permanent camp on transect 5, 4.33°N, 10.23°E, 16 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 637 (WAG,YA). South Region: Bord de la Lobé 25 km E Campo, 2.37°N, 9.82°E, 01 January 1968, Letouzey R. 9156 (P,YA). South-West Region: Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.09°N, 9.054°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1034 (WAG,YA); on trail through palm oil plantation 3 km before lava flow and Seme Beach hotel when coming from Limbe, 4.06°N, 9.079°E, 18 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 518 (WAG,YA); Entre DikomeBalue (1200 m) et Ifanga Nalende (650 m) 35 km NNW-Kumba, 4.9°N, 9.29°E, 25 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14590 (P,YA); Etinde forest reserve Njonji lake, 4.13°N, 9.033°E, 25 January 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1053 (K); Disturbed forest Bomana and Koto II, 4.3°N, 9.05°E, 26 April 1996, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1378 (K,YA); Mount Cameroon above small Koto village, 4.3°N, 9.1°E, 06 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4493 (YA); Between Ikenge and Esukutang ca 6 kms West of Ikenge, 5.28°N, 9.083°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7645 (YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.12°N, 9.029°E, 20 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3728 (U,WAG).

Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum (Engl.) Dagallier & Couvreur comb. nov. Figs 123, 124; Map 15F ≡ Uvariodendron giganteum (Engl.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 62, 1930; Uvaria gigantea Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 292, 1899; Uva gigantea (Engl.) Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. Type. Cameroon. Central Region; Yaoundé, Zenker G.A. & Staudt A. 108, 1895: lectotype designated by Fries (1930), p. 62, sheet destroyed at B, sheet here designated: P[P00362654]; isolectotype: COI[COI00004926]. Description. Differs from the type variety in having young branches and petioles covered with long soft hairs producing a whitish appearance quickly falling off (vs. young branches and petiole sparsely pubescent to glabrous); leaves 30-70 cm long and 8.2-22.5 cm wide (vs. 15.9-45 cm long and 4.3-11.8 cm wide), secondary veins 22 to 33 (vs. 15 to 24), and flowers with sepals 21-30 mm long (vs. 11-23 mm long); carpels 33 to 104 (vs. 20 to 70). Distribution. From southern Nigeria to Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Central and South-West regions. Habitat. a common variety; in lowland or premontane primary or old secondary rain forests, on inundated soils or along streams or rivers. Altitude: 100-1300 m a.s.l. Vernacular names (as assigned to U. giganteum): Obom, ossoé (Yaoundé, Biholong 279), Limboto (Bakweri, van Andel 3761). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cheek 2014b). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. This variety is more common and widespread than the type variety. Most of these characters provided above overlap with the type variety. Without the young branches covered with long soft hairs it can be hard to identify some specimens as var. Uvariodendron giganteum giganteum with certainty. The specimen Zenker G.A. & Staudt A. 108, defined to be the type specimen by Fries (1930), was not found in B (lost or destroyed), so we make the duplicate from P as the lectotype and the duplicate from COI as the isolectotype. Selected specimens examined. Central Region: Mont Mbam Minkon on trail 5 km from Nkol Nyada village, 3.96°N, 11.40°E, 21 March 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 419 (WAG,YA); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 1895, Zenker G.A. 108 (P); Yaundé, 3.86°N, 11.51°E, Feburary 1895, Zenker G.A. 698 (K). East Region: 80 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.16°N, 14.70°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1206 (MPU,WAG,YA); 66 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.08°N, 14.67°E, 08 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1229 (MPU,WAG,YA). South Region: Près d’Alati-Ancienne piste Alati-Mintom II, 2.2°N, 13.42°E, 17 January 1973, Biholong M. 279 (P,YA); Massif de Ngovayang village de Atog Boga, 3.22°N, 10.50°E, 04 September 2015, Droissart V. 2125 (BRLU); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 1898, Zenker G.A. 1438 (L). South-West Region: Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.699°E, 05 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1057 (WAG,YA); on trail from Ekongo village located 5 km before the entrance to Limbe 7 km on secondary road On flank of Mt Etinde 100 m in Mont Cameroon National Park, 4.07°N, 9.133°E, 16 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 512 (WAG,YA); Bakossi Mountains 1-8 km NNE of Menyum Village, 5.05°N, 9.612°E, 22 May 1987, Doumenge C. 473 (L,P); Ebondji, 4.76°N, 9.598°E, 08 June 2017, Kamdem N. 557 (YA); Forest trail 2 km south from Etube-Tape village, 4.85°N, 9.7°E, 02 February 1995, Lane P. 501 (K,WAG,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.12°N, 9.187°E, 21 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3761 (U,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 396-399, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Fries, RE, 1930. Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen I. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 1 - 128","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cheek, M, 2014b. Uvariodendron giganteum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T45420A10996627. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T45420A10996627.en"]}

Uvariopsis zenkeri Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 298, 1899 Figs 139, 140; Map 17A Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 1117, 1896: holotype: B[B 10 0153124]; isotypes: BM[BM000554075]; GOET[GOET005734]; HBG[HBG502515]; P[P00362604, P00362603]; K[K000199042]; M[M0107936]; S[S07-11029]; WU[WU0025790] Description. Shrub to tree, 2-7 m tall, d.b.h. 1.5-11 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-5.5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 11-15.8 cm long, 3.5-5.8 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex long acuminate, acumen 1-2.4 cm long, base acute to decurrent, papyraceous, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 6 to 13 pairs, glabrous above and below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, globose in bud, 1 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences similar; pedicel 0 - 7 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit ca. 10 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1 to 2, all basal 1-4 mm long, 2.5-5 mm wide; sepals 2, valvate, basally fused, 3-7 mm long, 4.5-7 mm wide, circular, apex obtuse, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals 4, basally fused, tube 1-4 mm long, 6-13 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, greenish-white, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; male flowers: stamens 100 to 150, in 10 to 12 rows, 0.5 mm long, broad; connective reduced or absent, glabrous, pinkish red; staminodes absent; female flowers: carpels free, 13 to 22, ovary 1.5-3 mm long, 1-1.5 wide, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes ca. 1 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 3, ca. 37 mm long, ca. 17 mm in diameter, cylindrical, apex rounded, tomentose, bumpy when dry, green when ripe; seeds 10 to 12 per monocarp, ca. 13 mm long, ca. 7 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the South, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. In lowland primary or old secondary rain forests. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable (VU). (Texier and Stévart 2021b). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis zenkeri closely resembles U. congensis. See notes under the latter species. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest proposed National Park Ebo Forest Research Station-Bekob, 4.36°N, 10.41°E, 27 October 2006, Osborne J. 200 (K). South Region: Bipindi, 3.26°N, 10.20°E, 20 June 1918, Annet E. 351 (P); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.34°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 707 (WAG,YA); Efoulan, 2.74°N, 10.53°E, 25 April 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2846 (KRIBI,WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Mamelles Massif, 2.56°N, 9.949°E, 23 April 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3252 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1896, Zenker G.A. 1117 (K,L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3045 (K,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3228 (L); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 March 1914, Zenker G.A. 515 (U,WAG). South-West Region: on trail leading to top of Mt Etinde after Ekonjo village, 4.06°N, 9.153°E, 01 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1027 (WAG,YA); on top of hill near Small Ekombe village 3 km after Kumba on road to Ekondo Titi town, 4.62°N, 9.374°E, 13 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 978 (WAG,YA); Mokoko Forest Reserve Dikome, 4.48°N, 9.033°E, 05 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 944 (K); Mount above Batoke, 4.08°N, 9.083°E, 24 April 1984, Thomas D.W. 3455 (BR,LBV,MO,P,WAG,YA); Takamanda Forest Reserve, 6.21°N, 9.433°E, 30 April 1987, Thomas D.W. 7372 (MO,P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 438-440, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Texier, N, Stevart, T, 2021b. Uvariopsis zenkeri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T133046133A133046192. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T133046133A133046192.en"]}

Annickia affinis (Exell) Versteegh & Sosef, Syst. & Geogr. Pl. 77(1): 95, 2007 Figs 5, 7; Map 1B ≡ Enantia affinis Exell, J. Bot. 64, Suppl.: 9, 1926. Enantia chlorantha soyauxii = Enantia chlorantha (Oliv.) Setten & Maas var. soyauxii Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 70 1901. Type. Gabon. Estuaire, Munda, Sibange Farm, Soyaux H. 125, 21 Sep 1880: lectotype, designated by Versteegh and Sosef (2007), p. 95: B n.v.; isolectotypes: K[K001208605]; P[P00267979]. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Munze, ring at Buco Zau, Gossweiler J. 6675, 11 Sep 1916: holotype K[not seen]: isotypes: BM[BM000547034]; COI[COI00004913]; LISC[LISC000073, LISC000072, LISC000075, LISC000074]. Description. Tree, 3-30 m tall, d.b.h. 3-50 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent, slash yellow. Indumentum of simple, bifid and fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 3.5-26 cm long, 1.5-9.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1 cm long, base narrowly cuneate to shortly attenuate, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, below pubescent when young and old with simple or bifid hairs pointing towards the leaf apex, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 13 pairs, sparsely pubescent below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 7-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 27 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 1-2, basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals absent; inner petals 3, valvate, 15-33 mm long, 5-15 mm wide, ovate to inversely Y-shaped ridged, apex acute, base broad and concave, greenish yellow, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 110 to 175, in 5 to 6 rows, 2-4 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, glabrous, yellow; staminodes absent; carpels free, 35 to 70, ovary 3-4 mm long, stigma lobed, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 10-40 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 34, 20-35 mm long, 9-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to obovoid, apex sometimes mucronate, sparsely pubescent, smooth, glossy, black when ripe; seed 1, ca. 30 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Nigeria (one collection) to the Republic of Congo and the extreme west of the Democratic Republic of Congo; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Littoral, Center and South-West regions. Habitat. A very common species; in lowland rain forests in primary and secondary habitats. Altitude 50-650 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Bololo, Bonuke, Bunuku bolobo (dial. Duala); Bululu, Mfo, Pobalo, Ufol, Moabé (dials. Ewondo, Bulu); M’Fo, Mofo, Mpuley (dial. Mab Kwasio, Foury 113, Service Forestier du Cameroun 84, Bates 1959); N’jie (Dials. Duala, Punu); Ogowa (Punguegaloa, De Wilde 8492); Moabi jaune (French); évué (dial. Bibaya, Baka). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a). Uses in Cameroon. medicine: bark as a malaria prophylaxis; construction: house building, furniture; dyes and tannins: as a yellow dye (Versteegh and Sosef 2007). Notes. Annickia affinis is distinguished by having overall glabrous branches and petioles and the lower side of the leaf blades which is sparsely pubescent with simple or bifid hairs pointing in the same direction. Annickia affinis is morphologically close to A. chlorantha from which it is distinguished by having a glabrous upper midrib surface (versus pilose in A. chlorantha). In addition, A. chlorantha has few simple hairs pointing in different directions combined with smaller bifid or trifid hairs. Annickia affinis is the most common species of Annickia and is generally found as a young plant in secondary forest, or as an adult in older secondary or primary forests. For a long time (and still now) Annickia affinis was confused with A. chlorantha (or even Enantia chlorantha), but the latter name is attributed to a different and rarer species (Versteegh and Sosef 2007). Thus, most literature refers to the old name A. (Enantia) Enantia chlorantha when referring to A. affinis (the common and widespread species). Previous reports of A. chlorantha outside Nigeria and Cameroon (e.g. Gabon) refer to A. affinis. Selected specimens examined. Central Region: near Ebolbom village 3 km est of Ngoumou 2 km north west of Otélé, 3.59°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 426 (WAG,YA); Ottotomo Forest Reserve 3 km after reserve base near small loggers road, 3.66°N, 11.28°E, 02 May 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 437 (WAG,YA); Mefou Proposed National Park, 3.62°N, 11.57°E, 15 March 2004, Etuge M. 5139 (K,YA); Mbam Minkom, 3.96°N, 11.36°E, 19 September 2013, Kamdem N. 143 (YA); Nguila 1, 4.77°N, 11.75°E, 30 April 2017, Kamdem N. 521 (YA); Colline entre Tcherikoy et Sokelle II (30 km NW Eséka), 3.78°N, 10.96°E, 14 December 1973, Letouzey R. 12361 (P,YA). East Region: 77 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.72°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1203 (MPU,WAG,YA); Deng Deng, 5.21°N, 13.44°E, 19 April 2016, Kamdem N. 422 (YA); 16 km E de Dimako, 4.38°N, 13.57°E, 15 December 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 7355 (BR,K,MO,P,PHA,WAG,YA); 15 km E of Dimako, 4.38°N, 13.57°E, 08 February 1966, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 7787 (BR,C,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Route Mintom I (70 km E de Djoum)- Alati (100 km SE de Djoum)-PK 63, 2.83°N, 13.35°E, 01 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11751 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On Djuma-Djuma trail, 4.33°N, 10.24°E, 14 February 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 621 (WAG,YA); Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 20 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 657 (WAG,YA). South Region: Ebolowa, 2.96°N, 11.28°E, 01 January 1925, Bates G.L. 1959 (BM,BR,MO); on road Lolodorf-Bipindi ca half way near Mbiguiligui village (Mbikiliki), 3.16°N, 10.53°E, 26 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1153 (P,WAG,YA); 22 km east from Lélé village, 3.26°N, 10.10°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 469 (WAG,YA); ca 15 km east from Lélé village, 2.26°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 492 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.33°E, 11 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 671 (WAG,YA); A 6 km à l’ouest de Masea (village situé à 50 km au SSW de Yokadouma), 3.14°N, 14.86°E, 05 July 1963, Letouzey R. 5412 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an area road Nko-elon-Mvini Akok Beryat rock, 2.36°N, 10.25°E, 30 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3784 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3839 (BM,BR,K,MO,P). South-West Region: Ekundu Kundu, 5.15°N, 8.883°E, 30 April 1996, Cheek M. 8297 (K,WAG,YA); Mungo river forest reserve North of Kumba-Tombel road entered ca 05 km West of Mungo bridge, 4.73°N, 9.55°E, 24 October 1998, Cheek M. 9354 (YA); Foot of Nyale Rock, 4.98°N, 9.616°E, 17 November 1998, Cheek M. 9654 (K,YA); on trail through palm oil plantation 3 km before lava flow and Seme Beach hotel when coming from Limbe, 4.05°N, 9.076°E, 18 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 519 (WAG,YA); Kupe village to Loum State Forest, 4.73°N, 9.716°E, 30 May 1996, Etuge M. 2049 (K,WAG,YA); Nyale forest and rock, 5°N, 9.633°E, 15 February 1998, Etuge M. 4235 (K,YA); Edensueh forest, 5.25°N, 9.576°E, 30 November 2000, Etuge M. 4850 (K); Kumba-Mbonge road 500 m W of Meme River bridge between Bole and Mabonji, 4.55°N, 9.25°E, 07 July 1986, Thomas D.W. 6327 (MO); Baro village, 5.27°N, 9.21°E, 03 March 1988, Thomas D.W. 7494 (K,MO,P,WAG).

Monanthotaxis montana (Engl. & Diels) P.H.Hoekstra, Taxon 66: 15, 2017 Figs 59, 64; Map 8F ≡ Unona montana Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 296, 1899; Oxymitra montana (Engl. & Diels) Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 155, 1916; Richella montana (Engl. & Diels) R.E.Fr., in Prantl. & Engler Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia montana (Engl. & Diels) Steenis, Blumea 12: 360 1964. = Unona glauca Engl. & Diels (non Zipp.), Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 296, 1988; Oxymitra soyauxii Sprague & Hutch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 6: 155, 1916; Richella soyauxii (Sprague & Hutch.) R.E.Fr., in Prantl. & Engler Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959. - Friesodielsia soyauxii (Sprague & Hutch.) Steenis, Blumea 12: 361, 1964. Type. Gabon. Estuaire, Sibange farm, Soyaux H. 203, 6 Feb 1881: lectotype, designated by Guo et al. (2017b), p. 15: B[B100153059]; isolectotype: K[K000198946]. = Oxymitra mortehanii De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. 1: 472, 1922. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mongala, Dundusana, Mortehan M.G. 512, Sep 1913: holotype: BR[BR000008800459, BR000008800060, BR000008800787]. Type. Cameroon. Central Region; Yaoundé-Station, Zenker, G.A. 431, 11 Jan 1894: holotype: B[B100153061]. Description. Shrub to liana, up to 7 m tall, d.b.h. up to 1 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense appressed to ascending reddish brown hairs 0.2-0.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 5.5-20 cm long, 2.8-6.7 cm wide, elliptic to oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 1.5 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous, below pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young and old, grey when dried, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 13 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 13-33 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 28-38 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter; basal bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, reflexed at anthesis, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner, inner petals entirely covered in bud; outer petals 3, 6-15 mm long, 5.4-6.7 mm wide, ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, yellow-green and red at the base, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, pubescent with a glabrous base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 5.8-7.5 mm long, 4.5-9 mm wide, cordate, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 36 to 48, in 5 rows, ca. 1 mm long, linear to oblong; connective truncate, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, 11 to 14, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 3-8 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter; monocarps 4 to 11, 12-33 mm long, 4-9 mm in diameter, moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded to apiculate, pubescent to glabrous, verrucose, constricted around seeds when more than 1, yellow with red stripes or dull red when ripe; seeds 1 to 3 per monocarp, 11-12 mm long, 5-6 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic and Angola; in Cameroon known from the Central and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon, only known from two collections; in primary or old secondary rain forests, swamp forests, gallery forests, on rocky soil and along river banks. Altitude: 500-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis montana is distinguished by the upper side of the leaf blade which is grey in dried material, sepals that are small (1-2 mm long) and reflexed at anthesis, and stamens 36 to 48 in 5 rows. Specimens examined. Central Region: Yaoundé, 3.86°N, 11.51°E, 1894, Zenker G.A. 431 (B). South-West Region: Njonji, 4.13°N, 9.033°E, 17 April 1997, Nning J. 360 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 221-223, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Guo, X, Hoekstra, PH, Tang, CC, Thomas, DC, Wieringa, JJ, Chatrou, LW, Saunders, RM, 2017b. Cutting up the climbers: Evidence for extensive polyphyly in Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) necessitates generic realignment across the tribe Uvarieae. Taxon 66: 3 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/661.1","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01"]}

Piptostigma macrophyllum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 199, 2017 Fig. 89; Map 11E Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; above small Koto village (Mt. Cameroon), Thomas D.W. 4493, 6 Mar 1985: holotype: YA[YA0002852]; isotypes: MO[MO3282523]; P[P00284016]. Description. Tree, 5-10 m tall, d.b.h. 10-20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 6-7 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25-41 cm long, 9-16 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 2.5 cm long, base acute, papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 21 to 28 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary, pubescent all over, peduncle like base 5-10 mm long, axial internodes 5-15 mm long, compact to sub-lax, sympodial rachis up to 70 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 3 to 6 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-10 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 10-12 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, glabrous; basal bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; upper bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 9-15 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 25-35 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 5, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma globose, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 3, ca. 33 mm long, ca. 35 mm in diameter, globose, apex rounded, glabrous, verrucose to muricate with short projections, not ribbed, light red pink when ripe; seeds 2 to 4 per monocarp, 10-15 mm long, ca. 12 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the South, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species; in primary or secondary lowland or premontane rain forests on black volcanic soils, sometimes in plantations. Altitude 550-1000 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Vulnerable B2ab(iii,iv) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a l). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma macrophyllum is morphologically close to P. pilosum by the large size and papery consistency of its leaf blade. However, the leaf blades of P. pilosum are mostly oblong or elliptic and only exceptionally narrowly obovate like those of P. macrophyllum. The inflorescences of P. pilosum are also less compact and less pubescent than those of P. macrophyllum. The monocarps of P. macrophyllum strongly resemble those of P. multinervium and P. macranthum being muricate to verrucose in texture with short projections. Piptostigma macrophyllum is distinguished from P. multinervium by its larger size of the leaf blades (25-41 cm long versus 13-21 cm long in P. multinervium), the lower side of the leaf blades being glabrous between the veins in P. macrophyllum and pubescent in P. multinervium; finally the sepals are narrowly ovate in P. macrophyllum while broadly triangular in P. multinervium. From P. macranthum it is distinguished by the leaves being obovate (versus narrowly oblong to oblong). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest Reserve Djuma permanent camp on transect 5, 4.33°N, 10.23°E, 16 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 637 (WAG,YA). South Region: Bord de la Lobé 25 km E Campo, 2.37°N, 9.82°E, 01 January 1968, Letouzey R. 9156 (P,YA). South-West Region: Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.09°N, 9.054°E, 02 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1034 (WAG,YA); on trail through palm oil plantation 3 km before lava flow and Seme Beach hotel when coming from Limbe, 4.06°N, 9.079°E, 18 October 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 518 (WAG,YA); Entre DikomeBalue (1200 m) et Ifanga Nalende (650 m) 35 km NNW-Kumba, 4.9°N, 9.29°E, 25 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14590 (P,YA); Etinde forest reserve Njonji lake, 4.13°N, 9.033°E, 25 January 1993, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1053 (K); Disturbed forest Bomana and Koto II, 4.3°N, 9.05°E, 26 April 1996, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1378 (K,YA); Mount Cameroon above small Koto village, 4.3°N, 9.1°E, 06 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4493 (YA); Between Ikenge and Esukutang ca 6 kms West of Ikenge, 5.28°N, 9.083°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7645 (YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.12°N, 9.029°E, 20 June 2001, van Andel T.R. 3728 (U,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 294-295, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Artabotrys insignis var. batesii Le Thomas Adansonia, ser. 2, 5: 448, 1965 Fig. 14; Map 2F Type. Cameroon. East Region; Bitya, near Dja river, Bates G.L. 1792, Sep 1922: holotype: P[00363370]. Description. Differs from the type variety by its densely brown tomentose and shortly hirsute branches and petioles, pubescent lower side of leaf blades and tomentose petals. Distribution. A west and central African species, from Sierra Leone to Benin and from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in Cameroon known from Central, East, South and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species in Cameroon, in secondary rain forests a long fringes of forests, in swampy regions too. Altitude 100-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Differences between var. Artabotrys insignis insignis and var. Artabotrys insignis batesii are quite small, and are mainly related to the pubescence of the branches, lower side of the leaves and petals (Le Thomas 1965a). There is one more recognized variety within Artabotrys insignis: var. Artabotrys insignis concolor (Pellegr.) Le Thomas which differs by having shiny leaves on both sides and longer sepals. We have not seen this variety in Cameroon, but it is present in Gabon (Le Thomas 1965a, 1969b). Specimens examined. East Region: Village Djang 40 km west of Bertoua, 4.58°N, 13.35°E, 15 May 1962, Breteler F.J. 2956 (P,WAG). South Region: Bitye near R Ja, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 01 September 1922, Bates G.L. 1792 (P); Rive du Ntem à Ebianemeyong 60 km east de Campo, 2.42°N, 10.33°E, 12 April 1970, Letouzey R. 10370 (P,WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 67-69, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1965a. Notes sur quelques Annonacees ouest-Africaines. Adansonia 5: 443 - 454","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Piptostigma submontanum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur, Pl. Ecol. Evol. 150 (2): 208, 2017 Fig. 92; Map 12B Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Rumpi Mountains, between Lokando and Dikome Balue, 30 km NNW Kumba, Letouzey R.G. 14535, 23 Mar 1976: holotype: YA[YA0002870]; isotype: P[P02032181]. Description. Tree, up to 25 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, tomentose, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 40-49 cm long, 16-23 cm wide, obovate, apex acuminate to mucronate, acumen 0.8-1.3 cm long, base decurrent to cuneate and narrowly cordate, coriaceous, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old, above pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above pubescent when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 58 to 65 pairs, sparsely pubescent above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous, peduncle like base 10-18 mm long, axial internodes 2-5 mm long, compact, sympodial rachis 20-40 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-6 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit ca. 25 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, tomentose; basal bract 7-8 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; upper bract 4-6 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-8 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, light yellow to red, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 50-60 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 12 to 15, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma globose, pubescence not seen. Monocarps sessile, 1 to 2, 20-30 mm long, 10-25 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, tomentose, bumpy, brown when ripe; seeds 6 to 8 per monocarp, 6-12 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. Endemic to Cameroon; known from the South-West and Littoral regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species; in submontane rain forests. Altitude 900-1200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a r). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. See under P. calophyllum. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Forest Reserve Djuma camp Djashaka trail, 4.36°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 625 (WAG,YA). South-West Region: Edip to Kodmin ca 1 hour’s walk, 4.96°N, 9.666°E, 02 December 1998, Cheek M. 9177 (K,P,WAG,YA); Mount Kupe Kodmin, 4.96°N, 9.683°E, 21 November 1998, Gosline W.G. 198 (K,P,WAG,YA); Abang road and then right to forest, 4.93°N, 9.731°E, 11 December 1999, Gosline W.G. 256 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Entre Lokando (900 m) et Dikome Balue (1200 m) 30 km NNW-Kumba, 4.85°N, 9.28°E, 23 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14535 (P,YA); Rumpi Hills near Madie River, 4.94°N, 9.123°E, 22 February 1995, Thomas D.W. 10496 (K).

Isolona cooperi Hutch. & Dalziel ex G.P.Cooper & Record, Bull. Yale Univ. School For. No. 31: 15, 1931 Fig. 35; Map 5B Type. Liberia. Montserrado; near Firestone plantations, along Dukwai road, Cooper G.P. 417, 7 May 1929: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009), p. 148: GH[GH00286760]; isotypes: F[F0093217]; FHO[FHA00095994]; G[GH00286760]; K n.v.; NY[NY00026103]; WIS[WIS00000299MAD]. Description. Tree, 6-18 m tall, d.b.h. 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum absent; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1-5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-29 cm long, 6-15 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 18 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; pedicel 14-25 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 16-27 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 4, all basal, 1 mm long, 1mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 6-11 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, oblong, apex acute to rounded, green, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, spreading horizontally; stamens numerous, in 3 to 4 rows, 2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, green; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 3 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, sessile, 30-90 mm long, 15-30 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, glabrous, smooth, constricted over seeds in dried material, smooth when fresh, orange with white spots when ripe; seeds not counted, 10-15 mm long, 5-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly West African species, from Liberia to Ghana, with a few specimens from Cameroon and one from Gabon; in Cameroon known from South and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary forests, also along rivers, on sandy soils. Altitude 0-300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019r). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Isolona cooperi is distinguished by its completely glabrous leaves, young foliate branches and flowers and with the leaf blade inserted on top of the petiole. In addition, the flowers emit a very strong sweet scent, noticeable even in dried material. It has a smooth corolla in dried material and corolla lobes with straight margins. Isolona cooperi is similar to I. hexaloba by the shape of its flowers, but the latter differs by its blade inserted sideways to the petiole and the absence of the strong sweet scent. Finally, I. cooperi resembles I. campanulata by the shape of the fruits. Specimens examined. South Region: Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 February 1910, Zenker G.A. s.n. (F). South-West Region: Korup National Park, 5.06°N, 8.855°E, 10 March 1998, Kenfack D. 1063 (MO,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 137-139, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019r. Isolona cooperi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132677030A132678219. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132677030A132678219.en"]}

Annona L., Sp. Pl. 1: 536, 1753 Guanabanus = Guanabanus Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: 2, 1754. Type species. Annona muricata L. Description. Trees, 1-10 m tall, d.b.h. 2-10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 7-20 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, blade 6-25 cm long, 4-19 cm wide, broadly obovate or obovate to broadly elliptic to elliptic, apex rounded or obtuse or shortly emarginated, base subcordate to rounded, discolorous, whitish below or concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 7 to 16 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; flowering peduncle sometimes present, short; pedicel 10-25 mm long; in fruit 15-50 mm long; bracts 2, all basal, 1-5 mm long; sepals 3, valvate, free, 3-4 mm long, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate; petals free; outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, valvate, 10-15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate; inner petals 3, valvate, 8-10 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate; stamens numerous (not counted), in 2 to 3 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective discoid, shortly pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, numerous (not counted), ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit pseudosyncarpous, 20-50 mm long, 20-50 mm in diameter, obovoid to globose; monocarps sessile, completely fused between them, numerous (not counted); seed 1, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid, irregular in shape; aril absent. A mainly South American genus, one of the largest in Annonaceae with about 170 accepted species (Rainer 2001). In Africa, there are between three or four native species, with numerous subspecies and varieties and of which the taxonomy remains complicated (Robyns and Ghesquière 1934; Sillans 1952; Le Thomas 1969c). Annona glabra L. is probably of South American origin (Le Thomas 1969b, 1969c) but is naturalized along the coast of West and Central Africa. In Cameroon it is also found in mangrove areas, but is little collected (e.g. van der Burgt 130 (WAG)) We thus include it in the key, but do not provide a description. In addition, this genus contains the non-native edible species Annona squamosa L., A. muricata L. and A. reticulata L. (from South America), all of which can be found in cultivation (not included in the descriptions) in Cameroon. Taxonomy. no recent revision, but see Le Thomas (1969c), Le Thomas (1969b).

Xylopia cupularis Mildbr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 56, 1921 Fig. 143; Map 17F = Xylopia gilviflora Exell, J. Bot. 73 (Suppl. 1): 4, 1935. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Buco Zau, Mayumbe, Gossweiler J. 6933, 15 Jan 1917: holotype: BM; isotypes: B[100153140]; COI[00004882]; LISC[LISC000308, LISC000309, LISC000310, LISC000311, LISC000312, LISC000313, LISC000314, LISC000315, LISC000316]. = Xylopia chrysophylla Louis ex Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 21: 108, 1951. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tshopo, Yangambi, Louis J. 4309, Jun 1937: holotype: BR[BR0000024941518]; isotypes: BR[0000008824752]; MO[1639095, 3007016]; NY[00066781]; US[2091336]. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Deng-Deng, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8649, Mar 1914: holotype B[B 10 0153141]; isotype: BM[fragment]. Description. Tree, up to 35 m tall, d.b.h. up to 50 cm; buttresses present, small. Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to pubescent, with fine appressed hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4.6-7.8 cm long, 1.3-2.4 cm wide, lanceolate to elliptic or elliptic-oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.6-1.1 cm long, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, usually asymmetrical, papyraceous, below sparsely to densely golden-sericeous (appressed) when young, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib slightly raised, above glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle rarely present, up to ca. 4 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-12 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 6-15 mm long, 3-10 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2, towards the middle of pedicel, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, 1/2-3/4 fused, forming a cup, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 15.5-36 mm long, 2.2-3.4 mm wide at base, linear to linear-lanceolate, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow to cream, sericeous outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 13.5-17.7 mm long, 2.4-3.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow to cream, pubescent with glabrous base on both surfaces; stamens 160 to 200, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 12 to 20, ovary ca. 1 mm long, 3.5-3.8 mm long, stigmas connivent, filiform, 2.5-2.8 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 5-24 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter; monocarps 11 to 18, 23-54 mm long, 14-19 mm wide, obovoid to oblongoid, apex rounded, glabrous, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, reddish green outside, endocarp pink to dark red; seeds 6 to 8 per monocarp, in two rows, 10-13 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, ellipsoid; sarcotesta glaucous blue or gray; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species across Central Africa, from southeastern Nigeria to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and south to Angola; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. An uncommon species in lowland rain forest, semi-deciduous forest, forest-savanna edges, and secondary forest. Altitude 50-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. odjobi (Yaoundé, Mbarga 1940). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019i). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Xylopia cupularis is distinctive among African Xylopia species in its combination of small acuminate leaves, often asymmetrical at the base, with golden appressed pubescence below, relatively long pedicels, sepals fused into a cup-shaped calyx, and the numerous monocarps, which are usually distinctly stipitate. It is often a large tree, and thus may be infrequently collected. Specimens examined. East Region: IK 30 Road Mintom 1 (70 km E de Djoum)- Alati (100 km SE de Djoum), 2.83°N, 13.35°E, 08 January 1973, Letouzey R. 11801 (P,WAG); 21 km ENE of Moloundou-Nguilili Chantier, 2.05°N, 15.17°E, 10 March 1975, Mbenkum T.F. 310 (P,YA); Deng Deng, 5.2°N, 13.52°E, 01 March 1914, Mildbraed G.W.J. 8649 (B). Littoral Region: 6 km NE of Dibombe a village on km 11 of Loum-Yabassi road, 4.68°N, 9.816°E, 26 May 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 9915 (WAG,YA); Douala (route Razel), 4.02°N, 9.71°E, Mbarga A. 58 (P,YA). South Region: 30 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 485 (WAG,YA). South-West Region: Likomba-Pflanzung 15-35 km NE von Victoria [Limbe], 4.09°N, 9.33°E, 01 November 1928, Mildbraed G.W.J. 10629 (A,K); Mount Mabeta peninsula Mabeta, 3.98°N, 9.233°E, 19 October 1997, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 1756 (MO)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 454-457, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Harvey-Brown, Y, 2019i. Xylopia cupularis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T137022000A149069158. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T137092047A137112194.en"]}

Uvariodendron calophyllum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 63, 1930 Fig. 121; Map 15C Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2344, 1901: holotype: B[B 10 0153116]; isotypes: BM[BM000636669]; G[G00412241]; GOET[GOET005732]; HBG[HBG502513]; K[K000198797, K000198796]; M[M0107940]; P[P00362661, P00362658, P00362659]; S[S07-13396, S07-13393]; WAG[WAG.1418666]. Description. Tree, 2-20 m tall, d.b.h. 20-35 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent to brown tomentose. Leaves: petiole 4-25 mm long, 2-9 mm in diameter, densely pubescent to brown tomentose, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25.8-76.5 cm long, 6.1-24.8 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate to emarginate, acumen 0.6-3.2 cm long, base rounded, coriaceous, below glabrous to pubescent at base when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 19 to 40 pairs per side, glabrous above, slightly pubescent to pubescent below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 0-9 mm long, 4-7 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 1-9 mm long, ca. 4-7 mm in diameter, tomentose; bracts 2-6, several basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, basal bracts 2-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; upper bract 10-23 mm long, 10-40 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate or imbricate, basally fused, 10-27 mm long, 10-26 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent to brown tomentose outside, pubescent except towards center inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 15-37 mm long, 10-28 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, greyish yellow, margins flat, densely pubescent to brown tomentose outside, glabrous but pubescent towards margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 14-34 mm long, 11-20 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, light yellow to cream, margins flat, densely pubescent to brown tomentose outside, pubescent towards margins inside; stamens 3680 to 5256, in 25 to 35 rows, 3.5-4.5 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 23 to ca. 150, ovary 4-5 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile to stipitate, stipes 0-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm in diameter; 3 to 35 monocarps, 27-55 mm long, 9-25 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, tomentose, bumpy, otherwise smooth, brown when ripe; seeds 7 to 13 per monocarp, ca. 13 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to oblong; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species with a disjunct distribution in West and Central Africa, from Côte d’Ivoire to Ghana, and from Nigeria to Cameroon. In Cameroon known from the South, Central, Littoral, South-West and North-West regions. Habitat. A fairly common species; in lowland primary or old secondary rain forests, near streams. Altitude 50-30 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a f). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariodendron calophyllum is distinguished by a dense brown tomentose pubescence on the young foliate branches, petioles, flowering pedicels, and outer side of the sepals and petals. Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum also has a dense pubescence on the young foliate branches, but the hairs are long and white, and soon disappearing with age. Stamen count was taken from Meinke (2008). Specimens examined. Central Region: Sonossi 26 km W of Ndikinimeki, 4.77°N, 10.83°E, 29 March 1982, Asonganyi J.N. 421 (P,YA); Colline entre Tcherikoy et Sokelle II (30 km NW Eséka), 3.80°N, 10.56°E, 14 December 1973, Letouzey R. 12352 (P,YA). Littoral Region: 8 km W of Masok, 4.13°N, 10.4°E, 31 March 1965, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 5282 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). North-West Region: Baji-Tumbo (Wum), 6.38°N, 10.07°E, 12 July 1975, Letouzey R. 14020 (K,P,WAG,YA); Bamenda Prov Wum Distr Nkom-Wum FR, 6.26°N, 10.13°E, 03 July 1951, Ujor E.U. 29281 (K). South Region: on road Lolodorf-Bipindi ca half way near Mbiguiligui village (Mbikiliki), 3.16°N, 10.53°E, 26 February 2018, Couvreur T.L.P. 1157 (K,MPU,P,WAG,YA); 31 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 486 (WAG,YA); ca 7 km NE of Ebom, 3.11°N, 10.75°E, 01 August 1996, Parren M.P.E. 223 (KRIBI,WAG); ca 7 km NE of Ebom, 3.11°N, 10.75°E, 01 August 1996, Parren M.P.E. 68 (KRIBI,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1898, Zenker G.A. 1738 (B,M,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1901, Zenker G.A. 2344 (B,L,M,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 April 1903, Zenker G.A. s.n. (P). South-West Region: Along the path from Pete to Bopo at the right hand side of the road in S Bakundu FR, 4.46°N, 9.392°E, 23 February 1956, Binuyo A. 35564 (K,WAG); Mungo river forest reserve ca 1 km East of bridge Chained road to S, 4.73°N, 9.55°E, 24 October 1998, Cheek M. 9337 (K,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.500°E, 26 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1013 (WAG,YA); on top of hill near Small Ekombe village 3 km after Kumba on road to Ekondo Titi town, 4.62°N, 9.376°E, 13 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 980 (WAG,YA); Bayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary after Mbu river, 5.35°N, 9.500°E, 25 March 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 999 (WAG,YA); South Bakundu, 4.49°N, 9.374°E, 19 February 1946, Dundas J. 13989 (K); Entre Babong et Okurikang 35 km WSW Mamfé, 5.58°N, 9.05°E, 29 May 1975, Letouzey R. 13673 (P,YA); Bolo forest 5 km west of Kumba-Mamfe road near Konye, 4.64°N, 9.45°E, 25 March 1986, Nemba J. 64 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Kumba Distr Mumbo-Southern Bakossi, 4.83°N, 9.333°E, 09 May 1951, Olorunfemi J. 30561 (K); S Bakundu FR between Bombe Rest House and Mbalange, 4.46°N, 9.452°E, 19 March 1953, Onochie C.F.A. 30860 (K); Korup National Park, 5.26°N, 9.183°E, 24 March 1984, Thomas D.W. 3322 (K,P,YA); Takamanda Forest Reserve, 6.23°N, 9.316°E, 21 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4549 (YA); 31 km West of Kumba on Mbonge road, 4.51°N, 9.366°E, 26 March 1986, Thomas D.W. 5965 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Lake Barombi Kumba, 4.65°N, 9.4°E, 01 April 1986, Thomas D.W. 6090 (P,YA); Korup National Park, 5.27°N, 9.1°E, 01 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7499 (P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 387-389, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en","Meinke, S, 2008. Studies on the morphology and pollination biology of selected West African Annonaceae. M.Sc. University of Rostock."]}

Isolona congolana (De Wild. & T. Durand) Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 84, 1901 Figs 33, 34; Map 5A ≡ Monodora congolana De Wild. & T. Durand, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38: 13, 1899. = Isolona maitlandii Keay, Kew Bull. 7(2): 155, 1952. Type. Cameroon. North-West Province, Ngong, Maitland T.D. 1555, Jun 1931: holotype: K[K000105576]; isotypes: BM, FHO. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur; Lukandu, Dewèvre A.P. 1103, 19 Nov 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000006248932]; isotypes: BR[BR0000006248857, BR0000006249588, BR0000006249250]. Description. Tree, 10-30 m tall, d.b.h. 5-45 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 13-19 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic or oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, concolorous; midrib raised, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 11 to 14 pairs, sparsely pubescent to glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-23 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; in fruit 2-5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 3 to 4, several basal and one upper towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts 1 mm long, 1 mm wide; upper bracts 1 mm long, 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals basally fused, tube 4-10 mm long, inner and outer whorl not differentiated, equal; lobes 9-20 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex rounded, green turning red, margins wavy, glabrous outside, densely pubescent inside, spreading horizontally; stamens numerous, in 3 to 4 rows, 2 mm long, broad; connective discoid, densely pubescent, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 2 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, densely pubescent. Fruit syncarpous, sessile, 60-80 mm long, 40-50 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth to verrucose, irregularly ribbed, green when ripe; seeds not counted, 15-25 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, with a disjunct distribution between the Cameroon Volcanic Line in Cameroon, and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, one collection from Central African Republic; in Cameroon known from the Littoral, North-West and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present, mainly in montane or premontane rain forests, along rivers and bush land. Altitude 800-1700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Ndin (Westphal 10012). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019q). Uses in Cameroon. food: fruit for condiments, spices, flavourings (Westphal 10012). Notes. This the only species of Isolona growing above 1000 m in Cameroon. Isolona congolana is characterized by the densely pubescent inner part of the corolla tube and a glabrous outer part of the tube, a unique feature in this genus (I. pilosa is pubescent on both sides of the corolla). The leaves are also characteristic being narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic or oblong, giving a unique aspect to the foliage. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Manengouba Mt 4 km WNW Of Nkongsamba, 4.98°N, 9.900°E, 04 April 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 9550 (B,BR,C,GC,H,K,LD,M,MO,P,WAG,YA). North-West Region: Kagwene, 6.12°N, 9.734°E, 20 May 2009, Ashworth J. 196 (K,YA); Bamenda Distr Ngong, 6.58°N, 10.43°E, 01 June 1931, Maitland T.D. 1555 (BM,K); Bamenda Wae, 6°N, 10.41°E, 01 April 1931, Maitland T.D. 1596 (K). South-West Region: Nyasoso, 4.86°N, 9.7°E, 04 June 1996, Cable S. 2843 (K,MO,WAG,YA); 2 km north of Nyasoso towards Mpako, 4.84°N, 9.679°E, 04 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1054 (WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.83°N, 9.683°E, 19 March 1996, Etuge M. 1794 (K,WAG); White trail (above Kupe village) towards Madam 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 28 May 1996, Etuge M. 2000 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Lake Edip, 4.95°N, 9.65°E, 21 November 1998, Etuge M. 4488 (K,WAG,YA); Etube Tape from Nyasoso, 4.83°N, 9.683°E, 06 February 1995, Lane P. 532 (K,YA); Bu 4.15°N, 9.233°E, 6 June 1898, Lehmbach H. 224 (B). West Region: Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, 5.82°N, 10.08°E, 13 April 2004, Etuge M. 5431 (K,WAG,YA); Along the road 6 km W of Dschang on road to Fongo Ndeng, 5.45°N, 9.95°E, 15 May 1978, Westphal E. 10012 (P,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 133-136, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019q. Isolona congolana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T32736A132677351. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T32736A132677351.en"]}

Monanthotaxis couvreurii P.H.Hoekstra, PhytoKeys 69: 79, 2016 Fig. 51; Map 6I Type. Cameroon. Central Region; Ottotomo Forest Reserve, Couvreur T.L.P. 762, 24 Apr 2015: holotype: WAG[WAG.1576998, WAG.1576999, WAG.1577000]; isotypes: MPU[MPU1374962]; YA n.v. Description. Liana, up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 4 cm. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent with dense ascending reddish brown hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 4.5-12 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 7 to 11 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or more rarely ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2(3) per inflorescence when on branches, up to 20 per inflorescence when on main trunk; pedicel 4-20 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit unknown; basal bract not seen, upper bract minute, ca. 0.5 mm, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, ca. 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, brown, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, subequal, inner petals partly covered in bud; outer petals 3, 3.5-5 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, light yellow to white, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3-4.5 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, light yellow to white, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 13 to 15, in 1 row, basally fused between each them, ca. 1 mm long, linear; connective truncate to rounded, pubescent, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 9 to 12, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Fruits unknown. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the Central Region. Habitat. A rare species, in lowland old secondary rain forests. Attitude around 700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Critically Endangered (CR) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Monanthotaxis couvreurii is distinguished by its mainly cauliflorous flowers (but may also be ramiflorous) and its stamens in one row that are basally fused, a unique feature in Monanthotaxis (Hoekstra et al. 2016). This species is only known from the Ottotomo Forest reserve, near Yaoundé. Specimens examined. Central Region: Ottotomo Forest Reserve 45 km South of Yaoundé ca 5 km on main path into reserve, 3.65°N, 11.28°E, 24 April 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 762 (WAG,YA); Reserve Forestière d’Ottotomo 40 km de Yaoundé sur la route de Kribi, 3.64°N, 11.27°E, 05 May 1970, Farron C. 7266 (P); Reserve forestière d’Ottotomo Yaoundé à environ 40 km au SW sur la route de Makak, 3.64°N, 11.27°E, 26 May 1970, Farron C. 7359 (YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 182-184, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Chatrou, LW, 2016. A nonet of novel species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) from around Africa. PhytoKeys 69: 71 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.69.9292"]}

Afroguatteria Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 21: 104, 1951 Type species. Afroguatteria bequaertii (De Wild.) Boutique. Description. Same as species. A genus of lianas with three species from Central Africa, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon and Angola (Cabinda); one species in Cameroon, endemic. This genus was phylogenetically validated (Guo et al. 2017b). Taxonomy. no revision has yet been published, but see Boutique (1951b) and Paiva (1966)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on page 26, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Guo, X, Hoekstra, PH, Tang, CC, Thomas, DC, Wieringa, JJ, Chatrou, LW, Saunders, RM, 2017b. Cutting up the climbers: Evidence for extensive polyphyly in Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) necessitates generic realignment across the tribe Uvarieae. Taxon 66: 3 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/661.1","Boutique, R, 1951b. Fam. 35. Annonaceae. In: Boutique R (Ed.) Flore du Congo-Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. I.N.E.A.C., Brussels. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666813","Paiva, JAR, 1966. Revisao das Annonaceae de Angola. Memorias Sociedade Broteriana 19: 5 - 128"]}

Annickia polycarpa (DC.) Setten & Maas ex I.M. Turner, Phytotaxa 32: 52, 2011 Fig. 5; Map 1E ≡ Unona polycarpa DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 499, 1817; Coelocline Unona polycarpa (DC.) A.DC., Mém. Anon.: 33, 1832; Melodorum polycarpum (DC.) Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 477-478, 1862; Xylopia? Xylopia polycarpa (DC.) Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 32, 1868. Type. Sierra Leone. no region; no locality, Afzelius A. s.n., no date: holotype: B[B 10 0068937]; isotype: BM[BM000547035]. Description. Tree, 2-20 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent, slash yellow. Indumentum of simple, bifid, fasciculate or star hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent to tomentose. Leaves: petiole 3-8 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, densely pubescent to tomentose, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5-27 cm long, 2-8 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base cuneate to acuminate, coriaceous, below pubescent when young and old, hairs mainly bifid or stellate but some simple too, pointing in all directions, above pubescent when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above pubescent towards base when young, pubescent towards base when old, below pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old; secondary veins 8 to13 pairs, pubescent below; tertiary venation intermediate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 9-19 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 20 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, basal bract 8 mm long, 4 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 9-22 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free; outer petals absent; inner petals 3, valvate, 23-34 mm long, 8-19 mm wide, elliptic to inversely Y-shaped ridged, apex acute, base broad and concave, claw mm long, yellow, margins wavy, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 90 to 200, in 5 to 6 rows, 3-4 mm long, linear; connective flattened, glabrous; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 70, ca. ovary 3 mm long, stigma lobed, sparsely pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 19-59 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, monocarps 5 to 55, 18-23 mm long, 8-12 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex mucronate, sparsely pubescent, smooth, glossy, green turning red to black when ripe; seed 1, ca. 20 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A mainly West African species, from Sierra Leone to Cameroon; in Cameroon known from the South region. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon, in lowland and pre-montane rain forests mainly in primary habitats. Altitude 110-1400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Pola (Mvaï, Fang, Annet 174); African yellow wood, yellow wood (english); Moambe jaune (french). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019d). Uses in Cameroon. medicine: bark as an antisepctic, against fever, malaria; construction: house building, furniture; dyes and tannins: as a yellow dye. Notes. Annickia polycarpa is distinguished by the densely pubescent to tomentose upper side of the midrib and the petioles, and generally long stipes. Specimens examined. South Region: Bipindi, 3.26°N, 10.20°E, 09 June 1928, Annet E. 174 (P).

Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau, Novon 13(4): 444, 2003 Figs 138, 139; Map 16I Type. Cameroon. South-West Region; Rumpi Hills, Kenfack D. 1334, 6 Feb 2000: holotype: YA; isotypes: K[000683145]; MO; SCA. Description. Tree, 8-25 m tall, d.b.h. up to 30 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous to pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-8 mm long, 3-5 mm in diameter, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 16-38 cm long, 5-11 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex attenuate to acuminate, acumen 2-3 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 9 to 18 pairs per side, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals unisexual, monoecious; inflorescences cauliflorous, with hundreds (up to 500) of flowers packed at the base and then more sparsely distributed up to 6 m. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, with 6 perianth parts in 2 whorls, conical to pyramidal in bud, 6 to 50 per inflorescence, male and female inflorescences dimorphic; male pedicel: 25-50 mm, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; female pedicel: 30-60 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 25-90 mm long, 3-7 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 4, all basal, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; male sepals 2, connate, splitting at maturity, 5-10 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, brown-red, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; female sepals 2, connate, splitting at maturity, 6-8 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown-red, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; male petals, 4, basally fused, tube 4-9 mm long, 8-18 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, wine red, margins flat, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; female petals, 4, basally fused, tube 3-4 mm long, 15-17 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, wine red, margins flat, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; male flowers: stamens 700 to 1000, in 25 to 30 rows, 0.5-1 mm long, oblong; connective reduced or absent, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; female flowers: carpels free, 60 to 100, ovary 15-24 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps shortly stipitate, stipes ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter; monocarps 9 to 25, 17-80 mm long, 13-55 mm in diameter, ovoid to oblong, apex apiculate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, smooth, slightly constricted over seeds in dried material, pale green turning dark yellow at maturity; seeds 6 to 12 per monocarp, 18-25 mm long, 8-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the South, Littoral and South West regions. Habitat. A species restricted to submontane primary or old secondary rain forests. Altitude: (600) 900-1300 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cheek 2014d). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariopsis submontana is distinguished by the combination of conical flower buds and basally fused 4 petals, and the trunk base completely covered with hunders of flowers. It is very close to U. korupensis, but differs by its smaller leaves, longer sepals, and submontane habitat (U. korupensis being found in the lowlands, generally below 700 m). Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Ebo Wildlife Reserve Djuma permanent camp On east trail, 4.36°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 627 (WAG,YA); Ebo Bekob abandoned village CRES research station, 4.37°N, 10.41°E, 22 April 2005, Etuge M. 6482 (K); Nkam Yingui Bataba, 4.53°N, 10.24°E, 20 February 2002, Kenfack D. 1602 (MO). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 682 (WAG,YA). South-West Region: Nyasoso, 4.81°N, 9.7°E, 08 February 1995, Cable S. 1221 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Kupe village, 4.78°N, 9.716°E, 30 May 1996, Cable S. 2736 (K,WAG,YA); Esense river near farm of Philip Taza, 4.76°N, 9.683°E, 19 January 1995, Cheek M. 7034 (K,WAG,YA); Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.683°E, 24 January 1995, Cheek M. 7131 (K,WAG); Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.692°E, 05 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1059 (WAG,YA); Rumpi mountains forest trail ca 5 km after Dikome Balue village ca 40 km north of Kumba, 4.93°N, 9.241°E, 10 January 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 965 (WAG,YA); Below Kupe rock near Esense river, 4.78°N, 9.683°E, 23 January 1995, Elad M. 69 (K,YA); South of Nyasoso (end of village) Trail at the end of the village left hand side Nyasoso-Mbulle road, 4.81°N, 9.683°E, 03 July 1996, Etuge M. 2562 (K,YA); Rumpi Hills, 4.95°N, 9.033°E, 06 February 2000, Kenfack D. 1334 (K,MO,YA); Forest trail 2 km south from Etube-Tape village, 4.85°N, 9.7°E, 01 February 1995, Lane P. 490 (K,WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.82°N, 9.666°E, 23 October 1995, Sebsebe D. 5035 (K,YA); 7 km WNW of Bomana 34 km NW of Limbé, 4.27°N, 9.112°E, 15 December 1984, Villiers J.-F. 2490 (P,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 434-437, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Kenfack, D, Gosline, G, Gereau, RE, Schatz, GE, 2003. The genus Uvariopsis (Annonaceae) in tropical Africa with a recombination and one new species from Cameroon. Novon 13: 443 - 449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3393377","Cheek, M, 2014d. Uvariopsis submontana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T45421A3001680. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T45421A3001680.en"]}

Monodora Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 3: 79, 1817 Type species. Monodora myristica (Gaertner) Dunal. Description. Trees, rarely shrubs or rarely lianas, 4-40 m tall, d.b.h. 6-100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs, or absent. Leaves: petiole 2-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4-50 cm long, 2-15 cm wide, elliptic or obovate or oblong or ovate, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 1 cm long; base cuneate to rounded, concolorous; midrib raised above; secondary veins 8 to 23 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-270 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; in fruit 25-350 mm long, 3-15 mm in diameter; bract 1, towards the upper half or middle of pedicel; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-40 mm long, 2-17 mm wide, ovate or elliptic, apex acute or attenuate or rounded, base truncate, margins flat, undulate, wavy or crisped; petals basally fused, tube 2-8 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 17-105 mm long, 6-40 mm wide, oblong or obovate or ovate, apex truncate, base truncate or with two small lobes, margins flat or wavy or crisped; inner petals 3, valvate, 9-35 mm long, 5-30 mm wide, cordate or rhombic or triangular to cochleate, apex acuminate to acute, base narrowed into a claw, claw 1-9 mm long; receptacle flat to strongly convex; stamens numerous, in 9 to 20 rows, 1-2 mm long, broad; connective discoid or elongated; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a syncarpous ovary, 1-5 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate. Fruit syncarpous, sessile, 35-150 mm long, 20-150 mm in diameter, globose or ovoid or conical, apex apiculate to rounded; seeds numerous, 9-22 mm long, 5-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid or flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. A genus of trees with 14 known species, from West, Central and East Africa. In Cameroon six species are known, one endemic. Monodora, together with its sister genus Isolona, are unique in Annonaceae in having truly syncarpous ovaries, producing single fruits with unordered seeds, in contrast to other genera which have either uni- or biseriate placentation. Petals in Monodora are basally fused forming a short (not clearly visible) tube. The petals, however, are differentiated into inner and outer whorls, in contrast to Isolona (which has six equal lobes in a single whorl with a visible tube). In the vegetative state, Monodora and Isolona (together with Polyceratocarpous pellegrinii) are characterized by a raised leaf midrib on the upper side, in contrast to a sunken or flat midrib in all other genera found in Cameroon. Monodora species tend to have a whitish-grey wax indumentum on young leaves and fruits, which is especially noticeable in the common and widespread species M. myristica. Taxonomy. Couvreur (2009)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 246-247, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150"]}

Afroguatteria discostigma (Diels) X.Guo & R.M.K.Saunders, Taxon 66 (1): 13, 2017 Fig. 4; Map 1A Cleistopholis discostigma ≡ Cleistopholis discostigma Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 474, 1907; Oxymitra discostigma (Diels) Ghesq. ex Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 66, 1949; Richella discostigma (Diels) R.E.Fr., in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 17a (2): 139, 1959; Friesodielsia discostigma (Diels) Steenis, Blumea 12: 359, 1964. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2980, Apr 1904: holotype: B[B10 0153055]; isotypes: BM[BM001125042]; BR [BR000008800398]; [BR000008800398]; G[G00308361]; GOET[GOET005676]; HBG[HBG-502538]; K[K000198949]; L[L.1754813]; M[M-0107910]; P[P00363341]; S[S03-2239]; WAG[WAG0053550]. Description. Liana, height unknown, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent with short sericeous hairs. Leaves: petiole 3-4 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole, 7.5-10 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen ca.1 cm long, base obtuse, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below (both when fresh and dry); midrib flat or sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 8 to 13 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf-opposed or extra-axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 18-22 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 20-40 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts not seen; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, valvate, 5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base narrowed, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3-3.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, elliptic, apex obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; number of stamens not counted, number of rows not seen, 2-3 mm long, oblong; anthers not septate; connective discoid, pubescence not seen; staminodes absent; carpels not seen but free. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 5-10 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; monocarps 3 to 7, 10-15 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, pubescent, smooth, not ribbed, color unknown; seed 1, 13-15 mm long, 5-7 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon; known from the South Region. Habitat. A rare species, in primary lowland rain forests. Altitude 100-200(?) m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. NE (Not Evaluated), but probably CR. Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Afroguatteria discostigma is only known from four collections by Zenker, all collected close to the type locality in Bipindi (South Region). It remains incompletely known and measurements here are incomplete. The species can be distinguished by its almost glabrous vegetative parts (young foliate branches and underside of young leaves can be pubescent with short hairs), its small leaves that are glaucous below (both when fresh and dry) and branches drying black. The flowers are borne on terminal pedicels that appear leaf-opposed or extra-axillary, but can also be cauliflorous (Zenker 3023), the carpels have a single ovule and thus monocarps are single-seeded like in Afroguatteria bequaertii (De Wild.) Boutique) (Boutique 1951a). The altitude range given here is the one around Bipindi, but could be higher given that the mountain range Ngovayang (up to 1000 m) is very close. A recent molecular phylogenetic study showed that this species (under the name Friesodielsia discostigma) clustered in the genus Afroguatteria being sister to the Congolese species A. bequaertii (Guo et al. 2017b). It is thus quite different genetically from the the African species of Friesodielsia (now Monanthotaxis) in which it was placed before based on morphology (van Steenis 1964). Specimens examined. South Region: Bipindi, 3.05°N, 10.25°E, 01 January 1905, Zenker G.A. 2102a (BM,BR,E,G,K,P); Bipindi, 3.05°N, 10.25°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3023 (BM,G,K,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 March 1914, Zenker G.A. 576 (MA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 26-29, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Boutique, R, 1951a. Annonacees nouvelles de la flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat, Bruxelles 21: 94 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3666813","Guo, X, Hoekstra, PH, Tang, CC, Thomas, DC, Wieringa, JJ, Chatrou, LW, Saunders, RM, 2017b. Cutting up the climbers: Evidence for extensive polyphyly in Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) necessitates generic realignment across the tribe Uvarieae. Taxon 66: 3 - 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/661.1","van Steenis, CGGJ, 1964. An account of the genera Richella A. Gray and Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th. (Annonaceae). Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 12: 353 - 361"]}

Uvaria mollis Engl. & Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 295, 1899 Fig. 105; Map 14B ≡ Uva mollis (Engl. & Diels) Kuntze, Kuntze, Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173, 1903. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. & Staudt A. 3, no date: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198767]. Description. Liana(?), unknown height, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches tomentose. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, tomentose, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 13-16 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1.5-2 cm long, base subcordate, subcoriaceous, below pubescent with fasciculate hairs when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above densely pubescent when young, pubescent when old, below densely pubescent when young or old; secondary veins 14 to 17 pairs, prominent and pubescent above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young branches, leaf-opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 30-40 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter, tomentose; bracts 2, one basal and one in the upper half of pedicel, basal bract 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; upper bract 2-3 mm long, 4-7 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 4-7 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, pubescent outside, inside not seen, margins flat; petals free, inner slightly smaller than outer; outer petals 3, 20-23 mm long, 11-14 mm wide, elliptic, apex rounded, base truncate, margins revolute, pubescent outside, inside not seen; inner petals 3, imbricate, 14-16 mm long, 16-17 mm wide, ovate to suborbicular, apex rounded, base ungulate, claw ca. 5 mm long, margins flat or revolute, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 300 to 400, in 6 to 7 rows, 1-2 mm long, linear; connective discoid, pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, number unknown, ovary ca. 3 mm long, stigma coiled, densely pubescent. Fruits unknown. Distribution. endemic to Cameroon, known from the Central and South regions. Habitat. A rare species; in lowland primary rain forests. Altitude 200-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvaria mollis is an imperfectly known species. Morphologically, it resembles U. lastoursvillensis Pellegr., a Gabonese endemic (Pellegrin 1949; Le Thomas 1969b) by its leaves with clearly impressed secondary veins looping towards the margin, the overall dense pubescence in the younger branches and flowers, and the single terminal flower at the end of young foliate branches. However, U. mollis is less pubescent with much shorter hairs leading to a very different aspect, and the inner petals are unguiculate with a long claw (ca. 5 mm), suggesting they are different species. In the absence of more material, we follow Le Thomas (1969b) and keep them separate. The name U. mollis was first used for a South Asian species (Uvaria mollis Wall.) given in the "Wallich Catalogue" (Wallich 1832, catalogue number 6475), but this name is a nom. nud. In Flora Indica, Hooker and Thomson (1855 p. 135) considered this name to be a synonym of Unona pannosa Dalzell (Dalzell 1851) (which is now Meiogyne pannosa (Dalzell) J.Sinclair). We found no evidence that the Wallich name was used again (e.g. Turner 2018), rendering the name U. mollis Engl. & Diels as described by Engler and Diels (1899) valid. We chose here the specimen Zenker & Staudt 3 (K) as the lectotype. It was a hard decision, because according to JSTOR the only two specimens of the syntypes that remain are in NY (Zenker 475) and K (Zenker & Staudt 3). Neither of these specimens have flowers or fruits, and are thus poor specimens to choose as a lectotype. However, we know that the specimens deposited in B did have flowers, as this was indicated by Engler and Diels (1901, p. 29). It is probable that they got destroyed or have just not been identified as type material. However, we had access to Annick Le Thomas’s archives in P when she was preparing the "Flore du Cameroun" (but never finalized it). In those archives there is an illustration of U. mollis with a flower (see Fig. 105) which was drawn from Zenker & Staudt 3. This indicates that Le Thomas had access to a specimen of Zenker & Staudt 3 with flowers, suggesting that a better specimen might be available and could be located (possibly in P or B). At this point we have no proof that another specimen of Zenker 475 is available. Specimens examined. Central Region: Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, 1890, Zenker G.A. 249 (B); Yaoundé, 3.87°N, 11.52°E, Zenker G.A. 3 (K); Yaoundé, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 475 (NY). East Region: Bitya near R Ja Nsolo, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, 31 March 1921, Bates G.L. 1818 (K).

Duguetia dilabens Chatrou & Repetur, Changing Genera: 69, 1998 Map 4A Type. Gabon. Ngounié; new road from Mouila to Yeno, 5 km on either side of Kembele village, Thomas D.W. & Wilks C.M. 6510, 20 Jul 1986: lectotype, sheet here designated: WAG[WAG0143388]; isotypes: MO[MO-357359]; P[P00389133]; WAG[WAG0027128]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. unknown; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of stellate or fasciculate hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, young foliate branches sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 7-16 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen ca. 1 cm long, base acute, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, distinct, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, leaf opposed, not forming a peduncle. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 4 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-12 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; in fruit 10-50 mm long, 1-15 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one towards the lower half of pedicel, basal bracts 5-9 mm long, 7-9 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 12-15 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, greyish green, pubescent outside, pubescent inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner to sub equal; outer petals 3, 12-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, white, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, imbricate, 13-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens numerous, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, ca. 75, 2-3.5 mm long, stigma globose, glabrous. Fruit pseudosyncarpous, size and shape unknown; carpels sessile, free to basally fused, unknown number of carpels, 20-35 mm long, ovary 10-30 mm in diameter, obovoid to deltoid, apex apiculate, pubescent, densely pubescent, longitudinally ribbed with 6 to 7 main ribs, color unknown; seed 1 per monocarp, 12-20 mm long, 10-13 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril present, color unknown. Distribution. Known from Gabon and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from South and Littoral regions. Habitat. A rare species known from four specimens; in lowland periodically inundated or non-inundated rain forests. Altitude 0-500 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Texier and Stévart 2020) Uses in Cameroon. None recorded. Notes. Duguetia dilabens is distinguished by its leaves that are narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, the midrib not grooved above and the carpels only basally fused in fruit. It was recently collected in Campo Ma’an National Park (Couvreur 692), but the sample is sterile and the identification remains doubtful, although the leaves do match the type specimen. Couvreur 692 also notes that the trunk had a bark peeling in smallish flakes. Specimens examined. South Region: Reserve forestière de la Kienké (Kribi-Ebolowa km 16), 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 05 January 1968, Bamps P.R.J. 1679 (BR, YA); Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.49°N, 10.34°E, 12 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 692 (WAG,YA).

Uvariodendron connivens (Benth.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 55, 1930 Figs 120, 121; Map 15D ≡ Uvaria connivens Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 465, 1862. = Uvaria megalantha Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 472, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 3204, 1904: lectotype, here designated: WAG[WAG0057972]; isolectotypes: BM[BM000636652]; GEOT[GOET005733]; K[K000198800]; M[M0107939]; P[P01982908]; S[S07-13392]. Type. Equatorial Guinea. Bioko Norte; Bioko (Fernando Po), Mann G. 1159, 1861: lectotype, here designated: K[K000198803]; isolectotypes: K[K000198804, K000198805]; P[P00362655]. Description. Tree, 3-20 m tall, d.b.h. 2-25 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4.5-21 mm long, 2-6 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25.4-63.6 cm long, 7-17.7 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.7-2.4 cm long, base rounded (sometimes acute, truncate or subcordate), subcoriaceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 15 to 29 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-40 mm long, 1.4-4 mm in diameter, glabrous to pubescent; in fruit 13-31 mm long, 3-8 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2 to 5, several basal and one upper towards the upper half of pedicel, basal bracts 2-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; upper bract 4-13 mm long, 6-14 mm wide; sepals 3, basally fused, valvate or slightly imbricate, 5-14 mm long, 7-17 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, pubescent and glabrous towards center inside, margins flat; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, 11-32 mm long, 4-26 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, purple to wine red, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous or pubescent towards the margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 9.5-30 mm long, 8-20 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, purple to wine red, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous to pubescent with glabrous base inside; stamens 1908 to 2456, in 15 to 25 rows, 2-5 mm long, linear; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels free, 6 to 20, ovary 3-7 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, densely pubescent. Monocarps sessile to stipitate, stipes 0-8 mm long, 3-10 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 10, 22-55 mm long, 17-32 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, dumpy; seeds 8 to 23 per monocarp, 13-29 mm long, 3-14 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to oblong; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species with a disjunct distribution in West and Central Africa, from Côte d’Ivoire to Ghana, and from Nigeria to Gabon. In Cameroon known from the Littoral, South, and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present; in lowland and premontane primary and old secondary rain forests, can be found in swamp forests. Altitude 50-1000 m a.sl. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Ikeinju (Bakweri language, Mbani 14). IUCN conservation status. Near Threatened (NT) (Tchouto 1998). This old assessment is certainly wrong, as U. connivens is quite common across Cameroon, and in general across the region. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Uvariodendron connivens can be distinguished by its long (> 55 cm) narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong leaves, with a rounded base. When compared to other species with long leaves such as U. fuscum and U. calophyllum, it can be distinguished by its longer flower pedicel 6-40 mm long and slightly imbricate sepals. The mature petals are wine red in color, unique for Cameroonian Uvariodendron. Stamen count was taken from Meinke (2008). Specimens examined. South Region: ca 6 km S of Kribi 2-4 km E of Gr Batanga, 2.88°N, 9.916°E, 26 September 1969, Bos J.J. 5412 (P,WAG); Campo Ma an National Park 5 km after main entrance, 2.35°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 383 (WAG,YA); 29 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.29°E, 09 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 484 (WAG,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1903, Zenker G.A. 2624 (B,K,L,M,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3204 (K,L,M,MO,P,P); Mimfia, 3.06°N, 10.38°E, 01 September 1913, Zenker G.A. 358 (M,P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Mabeta 6 km SE Limbe SBL, 3.98°N, 9.283°E, 10 August 1993, Baker W.J. 294 (K,YA); Ekundu Kundu, 5.12°N, 8.895°E, 27 April 1996, Cable S. 2230 (K,YA); Dikulu, 3.98°N, 9.233°E, 17 December 1993, Cable S. 611 (K,YA); Liwenyi, 4.37°N, 9.013°E, 28 October 1993, Cheek M. 5180 (K,YA); ca 40 minutes walk N then E from Njonji Hunters path to Lake Njonji, 4.13°N, 8.993°E, 18 November 1993, Cheek M. 5462 (K,YA); Ekundu Kundu, 5.13°N, 8.869°E, 25 April 1996, Cheek M. 8164 (K,YA); Mount Cameroon National Park on the Bomona trail behind Bomona village 10 km NW from Idenau, 4.29°N, 9.078°E, 03 April 2016, Couvreur T.L.P. 1051 (WAG,YA); Mokoko Forest Reserve Boa / Likinge, 4.42°N, 8.972°E, 31 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 1078 (K,YA); Bakolle Bakossi on Kumba-Mamfe road, 5.01°N, 9.666°E, 24 May 1986, Etuge M. 156 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Nyasoso, 4.81°N, 9.683°E, 24 June 1996, Etuge M. 2396 (K,YA); Mungo FR, 4.73°N, 9.560°E, 22 February 2006, Etuge M. 6506 (K); Mahole-Bintulu road, 4.79°N, 9.603°E, 24 November 1999, Gosline W.G. 209 (K,WAG,YA); Mabeta-Moliwe, 3.98°N, 9.25°E, 06 April 1992, Jaff B. 73 (K,YA); Rivières de Mosongosele et de Ndian depuis Mosongosele jusqu’à l’entrée amont de la mangrove environ 20 km SW de Mundemba, 4.83°N, 8.765°E, 13 June 1976, Letouzey R. 15175 (P,YA); Buea are at Bolifamba, 4.13°N, 9.303°E, 01 January 1929, Maitland T.D. 537 (K,P); Bomana-Koto Road c 500 m Bearing 305 deg towards Onge river, 4.31°N, 9.016°E, 18 October 1993, Ndam N. 708 (K,YA); Bolo forest 5 kms west of Kumba-Mamfe road near Konye, 4.86°N, 9.429°E, 25 March 1986, Nemba J. 56 (U); Mont versant de Idenao, 4.24°N, 8.99°E, 23 January 1985, Nkongmeneck B.A. 959 (YA); Bechati-Fossimondi-Besali forest Path leading from Fossimondi to Besali, 5.64°N, 9.966°E, 28 April 2005, Tchiengue B. 2204 (K,YA); Above Isobe, 4.16°N, 9°E, 10 June 1992, Tekwe C.F. 87 (K,YA); Mount above small Koto village, 4.3°N, 9.1°E, 06 March 1985, Thomas D.W. 4447 (K,P,YA); 3 km N of Limbe-Idenao road, 4.05°N, 9.083°E, 10 February 1986, Thomas D.W. 5537 (YA); Matene from Mbilishe, 6.25°N, 9.37°E, 01 March 1987, Thomas D.W. 6928 (P,YA); west of the Onge River and ridges on "Thump Mount", 4.33°N, 8.95°E, 09 November 1993, Thomas D.W. 9875 (K,YA); ca 5 km North East of Limbe TB + 5500 m, 4°N, 9.25°E, 02 June 1992, Watts J. 336 (K,YA); Mabeta-Moliwe TD 5835 m, 4.01°N, 9.266°E, 24 June 1992, Wheatley J.I. 326 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 390-392, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Tchouto, P, 1998. Uvariodendron connivens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T34766A9883333. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34766A9883333.en","Meinke, S, 2008. Studies on the morphology and pollination biology of selected West African Annonaceae. M.Sc. University of Rostock."]}

Annona L., Sp. Pl. 1: 536, 1753 Guanabanus = Guanabanus Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: 2, 1754. Type species. Annona muricata L. Description. Trees, 1-10 m tall, d.b.h. 2-10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves: petiole 7-20 mm long, 1-3 mm in diameter, blade 6-25 cm long, 4-19 cm wide, broadly obovate or obovate to broadly elliptic to elliptic, apex rounded or obtuse or shortly emarginated, base subcordate to rounded, discolorous, whitish below or concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 7 to 16 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young and old leafless branches, leaf opposed. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; flowering peduncle sometimes present, short; pedicel 10-25 mm long; in fruit 15-50 mm long; bracts 2, all basal, 1-5 mm long; sepals 3, valvate, free, 3-4 mm long, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate; petals free; outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, valvate, 10-15 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate; inner petals 3, valvate, 8-10 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate; stamens numerous (not counted), in 2 to 3 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective discoid, shortly pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, numerous (not counted), ovary 1-2 mm long, stigma capitate, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit pseudosyncarpous, 20-50 mm long, 20-50 mm in diameter, obovoid to globose; monocarps sessile, completely fused between them, numerous (not counted); seed 1, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid, irregular in shape; aril absent. A mainly South American genus, one of the largest in Annonaceae with about 170 accepted species (Rainer 2001). In Africa, there are between three or four native species, with numerous subspecies and varieties and of which the taxonomy remains complicated (Robyns and Ghesquière 1934; Sillans 1952; Le Thomas 1969c). Annona glabra L. is probably of South American origin (Le Thomas 1969b, 1969c) but is naturalized along the coast of West and Central Africa. In Cameroon it is also found in mangrove areas, but is little collected (e.g. van der Burgt 130 (WAG)) We thus include it in the key, but do not provide a description. In addition, this genus contains the non-native edible species Annona squamosa L., A. muricata L. and A. reticulata L. (from South America), all of which can be found in cultivation (not included in the descriptions) in Cameroon. Taxonomy. no recent revision, but see Le Thomas (1969c), Le Thomas (1969b)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Rainer, H, 2001. Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Annona (Annonaceae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Serie B Botanik und Zoologie 103: 513 - 524","Robyns, W, Ghesquiere, J, 1934. Essai de revision des especes africaines du genre Annona L. Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique/Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Botanische Vereniging 67: 7 - 57","Sillans, R, 1952. Annonacees nouvelles ou litigieuses de l'Oubangui-Chari. Bulletin du Museum Natlurelle d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie 2 24: 578-581.","Le Thomas, A, 1969c. Mise au point sur deux Annona africaines. Adansonia, ser. 2 2: 95-103.","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Monanthotaxis paniculata P.H.Hoekstra, Phytotaxa 186(2): 106, 2014 Figs 65, 66; Map 8G Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Ivindo; north of Koumameyong along SHM lumber roads, McPherson G.D. 16123, 31 Jan 1993: holotype: WAG[WAG0357246, WAG0357247]; isotypes: LBV n.v., MO n.v., P[P01967243]. Description. Liana, 20 m tall, d.b.h. unknown. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent with appressed reddish-brown hairs 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 8.5-23.5 cm long, 3.3-6.6 cm wide, ovate to oblanceolate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-2.7 cm long, base cuneate to broadly cuneate with small linear black glands, chartaceous, below densely pubescent with yellowish hairs when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, above sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 16 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old leafless branches, axillary or terminal. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 2 whorls, numerous per inflorescence, peduncle 5.5-27 cm long, panicle-like; pedicel 5-27 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent with short reddish brown hairs; in fruit 20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, pubescent; bracts 2, one basal and one upper towards the middle or lower half of pedicel, basal bract 1-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; upper bract ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 0.5-1 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, petals 6 in one whorl, ca. 3 mm long, ca 1.5 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, margins flat, sparsely pubescent outside, sparsely pubescent inside; stamens 6, in 1 row, inserted on a black hexagonal disc, opposite to the petals, free at the base, ca. 1 mm long, obconic; connective truncate, kidney-shaped in dorsal view, glabrous; staminodes 6, alternating with the stamens, glabrous; carpels free, 14 to 24, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma shortly bilobed, acute, glabrous. Monocarps stipitate, stipes 3-4 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter; monocarps 2 to10, 15-30 mm long, 10-15 mm in diameter, not moniliform, ellipsoid, apex rounded, pubescent, smooth, green when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species from Gabon and Cameroon; in Cameroon known from Littoral and South regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in lowland primary or old secondary rain forests. Altitude 300-350 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Preliminary IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Hoekstra et al. 2021). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monanthotaxis paniculata is distinguished by the long appressed yellowish pubescence on lower side of the leaf blade, its inflorescence in a large panicle-like rhipidium (unique in the genus) and its flowers with one whorl of 6 petals. It is morphologically close to M. congoensis, but differs by its panicle-like inflorescence, depressed-globose floral buds, stamens inserted on a black hexagonal disc, and connective appendage kidney-shaped in dorsal view. Fruits were unknown when the species was first published (Hoekstra et al. 2014) but have since been collected (Couvreur 1108) and fruits are described here for the first time. The presence of Monanthotaxis paniculata in Cameroon is only based on two sterile collections, and needs to be confirmed with fertile material. Specimens examined. Littoral Region: Mambe Massif above Boga village 100 km along road from Yaoundé to Ed 3.90°N, 10.77°E, 19 June 2014, Couvreur T.L.P. 651 (WAG,YA). South Region: Campo Ma’an National Park 11 km on trail from Ebinanemeyong village on road 7 km from Nyabessan to Campo town, 2.47°N, 10.34°E, 14 February 2015, Couvreur T.L.P. 708 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 223-226, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Hoekstra, PH, Wieringa, JJ, Maas, JM, Chatrou, LW, 2021. Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae). Blumea 66: 107 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01","Hoekstra, PH, Chatrou, LW, Wieringa, JJ, 2014. A new species of Monanthotaxis from Gabon with a unique inflorescence type for Annonaceae. Phytotaxa 186: 106 - 112, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.2.5"]}

Piptostigma pilosum Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 159, 1964 Figs 92, 94; Map 12A = Piptostigma giganteum Hutch. & Dalziel, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 151, 1927. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State, Oban District, Talbot P.A. 1336, no date: holotype: K[K000199007]; isotype: K[K000199006]. = Piptostigma latipetalum Baker f.; nom. nud. Type. Nigeria. Cross River State; Old Calabar, Thomson W.C. 61, no date: holotype: K[K000199008]; isotype: B[B100154081]. Description. Tree, up to 12 m tall, d.b.h. 8-10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, cylindrical, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 25-41 cm long, 9-17.2 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or narrowly obovate to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 1.1-2.7 cm long, base rounded to cordate, subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib impressed, above densely pubescent when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old; secondary veins 20 to 28 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescence cauliflorous or on old leafless branches, axillary, peduncle like base ca. 10 mm long, axial internodes 3-23 mm long, compact to sublax, sympodial rachis 35-50 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 10-25 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, tomentose; in fruit 10 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, tomentose; basal bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide; upper bract ca. 12 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, brown, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals shorter than inner; outer petals 3, 7-8 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, obovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, light yellow cream to red towards the base, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 30-60 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, pink, margins wavy, pubescent to densely pubescent outside, pubescent inside; stamens numerous, in 6 to 8 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 5 to 8, ovary ca. 1 mm long, stigma globose, pubescent. Monocarps sessile, 2 to 5, 13-30 mm long, 8-18 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to ovoid, apex cuspidate, pubescent, finely warty, longitudinally ribbed with ca. 6 ribs, light yellow to orange when ripe; seeds up to 7 per monocarp, 1.5-3.5 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A central African species, from south eastern Nigeria to Gabon; in Cameroon known from East, South and mainly South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species; in the understory of primary and old secondary rain forests. Altitude 50-390 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a q). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Piptostigma pilosum resembles P. macrophyllum because of the large size of their leaf blades (25-41 cm in both species). However, the leaf blades of P. pilosum are mostly elliptic (sometimes however they can be obovate) with a rounded or cordate base, while those of P. macrophyllum are always obovate with an acute to obtuse base and the flowering pedicel is longer (10-25 mm versus 8-10 mm in Piptostigma macrophyllum). The inflorescence of P. pilosum generally presents few flowers per inflorescence (1 to 3) while there are 3 to 6 in P. macrophyllum. The species P. fugax and P. oyemense also have few flowers per inflorescence (1) but these species have fewer carpels (1 to 3 versus 5 to 8 in P. pilosum). Specimens examined. East Region: 78 km south of Yokadouma 30 km after Ngato 15 km after river ALPICAM 'base de vie’ then 40 km on forestry road starting 4 km before Maséa village, 3.15°N, 14.72°E, 05 March 2019, Couvreur T.L.P. 1204 (MPU,WAG,YA). South-West Region: Near Bai Kuke SE of Mbonge, 4.53°N, 9.11°E, 25 January 1958, Keay R.W.J. 37372 (P); Along footpath from Ndian River at PAMOL field 69 and transect P, 5.01°N, 8.833°E, 24 January 1985, Thomas D.W. 4311 (P,YA); Korup National Park, 5.01°N, 8.833°E, 12 April 1985, Thomas D.W. 4755 (MO); Limbe W of Njonji Lake, 4.13°N, 9.016°E, 27 January 1994, Wieringa J.J. 2030 (U,WAG)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 305-307, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Artabotrys R.Br., Bot. Reg. 5: 423, 1820 = Ropalopetalum Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 716, 1854. Description. Lianas, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 20 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs or absent. Leaves: petiole 1-15 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter; blade 7-26 cm long, 2.5-14 cm wide, elliptic to ovate to obovate to oblong, apex acuminate to acute, base decurrent to subcordate, concolorous; midrib sunken or flat; secondary veins 7 to 16 pairs; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 90 per inflorescence; pedicel 2-25 mm long; in fruit 2-25 mm long; bracts 2, all basal, minute, soon falling; sepals 3, valvate, free, 1-15 mm long, triangular, apex acute, base truncate; petals free, sub equal; outer petals 3, valvate, 5-35 mm long, 1-14 mm wide, ovate to elliptic to linear to tubular, apex acute to rounded, base broad and concave; inner petals 3, valvate, 5-30 mm long, 1-9 mm wide, ovate to elliptic to linear to tubular, apex acute to rounded, base broad and concave, forming a pollination chamber over the receptacle; stamens 15 to 70, in 2 to 5 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear or cuneiform; connective discoid, glabrous or pubescent; staminodes absent; carpels free, 3 to 32, ovary 1-4 mm long, stigma bilobed or cylindrical, pubescent or glabrous. Monocarps sessile or substipitate, stipe, when present 1-25 mm long, 1 to 20 monocarps, 6-60 mm long, 5-25 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to obovoid, apex rounded to apiculate, smooth or verrucose; seed 1 to 2, 5-25 mm long, 5-15 mm in diameter, ellipsoid or flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Type species. Artabotrys odoratissimus R.Br., nom. illegit. (≡ Annona hexapetala L.f., ≡ Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari). A genus of lianas with around 105 species distributed across the paleotropics in South East Asia, Australia, Madagascar and Africa (Chen et al. 2019); eight species occur in Cameroon, one endemic. Genus easily identifiable by its lianescent habit with the presence of characteristic inflorescences in form of a hook (the peduncle) and flowers that have a broad and concave base. Taxonomy. To date there are no taxonomic revisions for Artabotrys in Africa, but see Le Thomas (1969b), Boutique (1951b) and Paiva (1966).

Xylopia calva D.M.Johnson & N.A.Murray, PhytoKeys 97: 154, 2018 Map 17E Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 4747, 1903: holotype: BM[000511011]; isotypes: BR[BR0000014581892]; G; K; L[0191105]; M; MO[751089]; P. Description. Tree, height unknown, d.b.h. up to 30 cm; buttresses present. Old branches glabrous, young branches pubescent, the hairs 0.3-0.4 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm long, 2 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 10-17.2 cm long, 3.6-6.5 cm wide, elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-2.1 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young, sparsely pubescent when old; concolorous or slightly glaucous abaxially; midrib sunken, above sparsely pubescent when young and old, below sparsely pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle branched, 1-3 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 10 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 6-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, rusty pubescent; bracts 1 to 2, one basal and one upper towards the middle of pedicel, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 4-5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 13-23 mm long, 3.8-6 mm wide at base, oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse, base broad and concave, light yellow, pubescent, base glabrous outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-17.5 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide at base, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow with red on the inner base, pubescent outside, glabrous inside except at apex; stamens ca. 200, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous, red; carpels ca. 9, ovaries 2 mm long, stigmas connivent at base, linear, slightly thickened at the midpoint, ca. 2.2 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe ca. 3 mm long, ca. 7 mm in diameter; monocarps ca. 8, ca. 32 mm long, ca. 17 mm wide, ellipsoid, apex rounded, pubescent, verrucose and slightly wrinkled when dried, color unknown; seeds 7 to 8 per monocarp, in two rows, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 7 mm wide, ellipsoid to flattened ellipsoid, sarcotesta unknown; aril absent. Distribution. From southern Nigeria to Cameroon; in Cameroon known only from the South region. Habitat. A rare species, known from three collections, two in Cameroon. Altitude 150-200 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Endangered (EN) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a y). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. The relatively broad petals of X. calva are distinctive in the absence of hairs on the inner surface except at the apex. Xylopia calva has a pedunculate and branched inflorescence type similar to that found in X. phloiodora and X. paniculata. Specimens examined. South Region: Près des chutes du Ntem ou de Menvé’élé près Nyabessan (60 km Est de Campo), 2.39°N, 10.35°E, 08 April 1970, Letouzey R. 10306 (P,YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1913, Zenker G.A. 4747 (BM,BR,G,K,L,M,MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 453-454, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}

Neostenanthera neurosericea (Diels) Exell, J. Bot. 73 (Suppl.): 6, 1935 Figs 82, 83; Map 10F ≡ Stenanthera neurosericea Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39. 483, 1907. = Neostenanthera platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France Mém. 1949: 56. 1950; ≡ Stenanthera platypetala Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39. 482, 1907. ≡ Boutiquea platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Le Thomas. Adansonia sér. 2, 5: 532, 1965. Syn. nov. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2877, Mar 1904: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0154069]; isotypes: B[B 10 0154071]; BM[BM000546878]; K[K000199036]. = Stenanthera macrantha Mildbr. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1111. 445, 1915. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Kribi, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5886, Jul 1911: holotype: B[B 10 0154070]; isotype: HBG[HBG502540]. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 3105, 1904: lectotype, sheet here designated: B[B 10 0154067]; isotypes: B[B 10 0390251]; BR[BR0000008824059]; GOET[GOET005682]; G[G00014887, G00014888]; L[L0038043]; LISC[LISC000393]; HBG[HBG502533]; MO[MO-216971]; M[M0107916]; P[P00363312]; S[S07-13457]; WAG[WAG0000096]. Description. Tree to shrub, up to 7 m tall, d.b.h. 3-6 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches sparsely pubescent, young foliate branches densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on top of the petiole; blade 15-21 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 1-2 cm long, base rounded, papyraceous, below densely pubescent with erect slight curly hairs when young and old, densely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous or discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below densely pubescent when young, densely pubescent when old; secondary veins 15 to 21 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation percurrent. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences cauliflorous or ramiflorous on old leafless or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 2 per inflorescence; peduncule ca. 2 mm long, unbranched; pedicel 10-30 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; in fruit 20-30 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely pubescent; bract 1, basal, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 15-33 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, thick, elliptic, apex acute, base narrowed and concave, light green to light yellow to cream, margins flat, pubescent outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-15 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, triangular, apex acute, base broad and concave, light green to cream, margins flat, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; stamens 30 to 40, in 5 to 6 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear; connective tongue shaped, glabrous, red; staminodes absent; carpels free, 20 to 25, ovary ca. 2 mm long, stigma cylindrical, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 7 to 15, 20-30 mm long, ca. 20 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, apex apiculate, pyramidal in shape, pubescent, wrinkled, brown when ripe; seed 1 per monocarp, 11-14 mm long, 10-11 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon; in Cameroon known from the South, Central Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A common species when present; in primary or old secondary rain forests, non-inundated soils. Altitude 200-600 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cheek 2014a) (as Boutiquea platypetala). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. This species is closely related to N. myristicifolia but differs by having densely pubescent young foliate branches and sessile and pyramidal monocarps (versus clearly stipitate and ellipsoid monocarps). We transfer Boutiquea platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Le Thomas back into the genus Neostenanthera. This species was initially described in the genus Stenanthera (Diels 1907), then transferred to Neostenanthera (Pellegrin 1949) until Le Thomas (1965b) erected the genus Boutiquea to accommodate it mainly because of its characteristic sessile monocarps (versus long-stipitate in Neostenanthera s.str.). Besides that, all other morphological characters are common with Neostenanthera (Fero et al. 2014), such as overall flower morphology (e.g. broad and concave inner petal bases), septate anthers, carpels with single ovules and consequently single seeded monocarps (rare in Cameroonian Annonaceae, but a character of the tree genus Annickia too). In the latest revision of the genus Neostenanthera, Fero et al. (2014) didn’t consider Boutiquea as congeneric with Neostenanthera. However, recent molecular data (Guo et al. 2017a; Couvreur et al. 2019) revealed that B. platypetala is phylogenetically very close to Neostenanthera, which is coherent with morphology. The occurrence of species with stipitate and sessile monocarps in the same genus is not uncommon in Annonaceae, for example in Artabotrys or Uvaria, and this character thus does not appear sufficient to warrant the separate generic status suggested by Le Thomas (1965b). In addition, we also consider the name Neostenanthera platypetala as a synonym of Neostenanthera neurosericea the latter being the older name and thus takes precedence. Both names have already been tentatively suggested to be conspecific based on morphological similarities (Diels 1907; Fero et al. 2014). A close examination of the material of N. neurosericea (only known from the flowering type collection) and N. platypetala reveals no major differences, in particular the dense pubescence of young foliate branches, the shape of the leaves (rounded at base, clearly acuminate at apex and obovate in shape), the solitary flowers borne on the branches, and the shape and size of the petals are similar. Specimens examined. Central Region: Bank Nyong River near the new bridge ca 65 km SSW of Eséka, 3.53°N, 10.41°E, 16 July 1964, de Wilde W.J.J.O 2840 (WAG); 16 km SSW d’Eséka, 3.65°N, 10.78°E, 02 January 1974, Letouzey R. 12550 (P,WAG,YA); Route Vetère (Likouk-Lokoundji), 3.48°N, 10.32°E, 14 January 1974, Mezili P. 251 (P,YA). Littoral Region: Ebo Bekob abandoned village CRES research station, 4.36°N, 10.41°E, 21 April 2005, Etuge M. 6447 (K). South Region: Campo Ma an National Park 5 km after main entrance, 2.34°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 384 (WAG,YA); Campo Ma an National Park 5 km after main entrance, 2.35°N, 10.25°E, 15 February 2012, Couvreur T.L.P. 386 (WAG,YA); Entre Fenda (60 km ESE de Kribi et riviere Kienke), 2.8°N, 10.4°E, 22 January 1962, Letouzey R. 4092 (K,P,YA); Elom (Kribi), 2.78°N, 10.25°E, 25 April 1968, Letouzey R. 9436 (P); 55 km ESE de Kribi 2 km W du village, 3.21°N, 10.06°E, 12 March 1963, Raynal A. 10389 (P,YA); Assok (Nyabessan), 2.77°N, 10.47°E, 18 February 1965, Raynal A. 13457 (P,YA); 44 km N de Nyabesssan Réserve forestière de Kienké-sud 500 m N de la route, 2.78°N, 10.37°E, 18 February 1965, Raynal A. 13472 (P,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Bibambivoto, 2.24°N, 10.26°E, 23 August 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 2986 (KRIBI,WAG,YA); Campo-Ma’an area Mvini, 2.33°N, 10.20°E, 25 August 2002, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. CORIX_3 (WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Mvini, 2.27°N, 10.18°E, 14 September 2000, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3035 (KRIBI,WAG); Campo-Ma’an area Bifa, 2.65°N, 10.28°E, 12 October 2001, Tchouto Mbatchou G.P. 3298 (KRIBI,WAG); Korup National Park Primary rain forest, 5.03°N, 8.833°E, 01 March 1987, Thomas D.W. 6891 (MO); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 1898, Zenker G.A. 1904 (K); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 20 June 1904, Zenker G.A. 2877 (B; Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1918, Zenker G.A. 29 (P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 3105 (L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1908, Zenker G.A. 3749 (L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3819 (E,L,M); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, Zenker G.A. 3897 (K); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 December 1913, Zenker G.A. 440 (P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 November 1913, Zenker G.A. 440 (P,U,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1912, Zenker G.A. 4402 (L). South-West Region: Ekundu Kundu, 5.12°N, 8.895°E, 27 April 1996, Cable S. 2279 (K,YA); Mundemba, 5.05°N, 8.883°E, 05 March 1993, Gereau R.E. 5185 (MO,WAG); Between Ikenge ad Esukutang ca 6 km W of Ikenge, 5.27°N, 9.1°E, 03 April 1988, Thomas D.W. 7554 (MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.33°N, 8.9°E, 22 May 1988, Thomas D.W. 7809 (MO,P)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 270-274, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cheek, M, 2014a. Boutiquea platypetala. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T39475A2927181. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T39475A2927181.en","Diels, L, 1907. Anonaceae africanae I. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschicht und Pflanzengeographie 39: 467 - 486","Pellegrin, F, 1949. Les Annonacees du Gabon (suite). Memoires Societe botanique de France 96: 52 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1949.10839814","Le Thomas, A, 1965b. Un nouveau genre africain d'Annonacees: Boutiquea Le Thomas. Adansonia 5: 531 - 535","Fero, M, Aedo, C, Cabezas, F, Velayos, M, 2014. Taxonomic revision of Neostenanthera (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany 39: 17 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X678071","Guo, X, Tang, CC, Thomas, DC, Couvreur, TLP, Saunders, RMK, 2017a. A mega-phylogeny of the Annonaceae: taxonomic placement of five enigmatic genera and support for a new tribe, Phoenicantheae. Scientific Reports 7: e7323. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07252-2","Couvreur, TLP, Helmstetter, AJ, Koenen, EJM, Bethune, K, Brandao, RD, Little, SA, Sauquet, H, Erkens, RHJ, 2019. Phylogenomics of the major tropical plant family Annonaceae using targeted enrichment of nuclear genes. Frontiers in Plant Science 9: e1941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01941"]}

Polyceratocarpus microtrichus (Engl. & Diels) Ghesq. Ex Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France Mém: 68, 1950 Figs 95, 96; Map 12C ≡ Uvaria microtricha Engl. & Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 473, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Region; Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2899, Mar 1904: holotype: B[B 10 0154089]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008804808]; K[K000199038]; M[M0107917]; P[P00363351]; S[S07-13391]. Description. Tree, up to 8 m tall, d.b.h. up to 10 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-8 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 14-34 cm long, 3.5-8 cm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate to acute, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base acute, coriaceous, below sparsely pubescent when young, sparsely pubescent to glabrous when old, above glabrous when young and old, discolorous, whitish below; midrib sunken or flat, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation intermediate. Individuals unisexual (?, only male flowers and fruits seen), inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or old leafless branches, axillary; flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 2 to 4 per inflorescence; male flowers: pedicel 6-8 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, tomentose; bract 2-3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally or entirely fused, cup shaped, ca. 4 mm long, 7-8 mm wide, triangular to ovate, apex acute, base truncate, tomentose outside, glabrous inside, margins flat; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 10-14 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, oblong to elliptic, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, densely pubescent outside, pubescent but glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 10-14 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, obovate to oblong, apex acute, base truncate, margins flat, tomentose outside, pubescent inside; stamens 90 to 110, in 7 to 10 rows, 2-3 mm long, linear to clavate; connective discoid, glabrous; staminodes absent; female flowers only seen in fruit; fruiting pedicel 10-20 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps sessile, 2 to 5, 20-30 mm long, 15-25 mm in diameter, obovoid, apex rounded, glabrous, smooth, slightly bumpy when dry, not ribbed, white when ripe; seeds 10 to 14 per monocarp, 5-10 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. From Cameroon to Gabon, in Cameroon known from the South and South-West regions. Habitat. A rare species in Cameroon; in premontane primary rain forests. Altitude: 100-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Not evaluated. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. See under P. parviflorus. The collection Watts 627 was suggested to be a new species (Cable and Cheek 1998, p. 11) but having seen the specimen in K, we have identified it as P. microtrichus. Specimens examined. South Region: 20 km SE of Kribi route minière E of Mt Eléphant, 2.78°N, 10.03°E, 01 April 1970, Bos J.J. 6679 (WAG); ca 45 km from Kribi ca 8 km N of Lolodorf road Forest towards Lokoundje R, 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 02 April 1970, Bos J.J. 6684 (BR,K,LD,LM,MO,P,WAG,YA); Ngovayang, 3.25°N, 10.57°E, 08 June 2015, Droissart V. 1881 (MO); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1904, Zenker G.A. 2899 (BR,L,P,WAG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 January 1907, Zenker G.A. 3270 (L,P); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.42°E, 01 December 1913, Zenker G.A. 478 (P,U,WAG). South-West Region: Mokoko Forest Reserve Dikome, 4.48°N, 9.033°E, 05 May 1994, Ekema S.N. 950 (K); Mokoko Forest Reserve ca 6 km W of Mundongo, 4.43°N, 9.083°E, 22 March 1993, Watts J. 627 (K)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 311-313, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Cable, S, Cheek, M, 1998. The plants of Mt Cameroon: a conservation checklist. Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew London","Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371"]}

Monodora angolensis Welw., Apont. 587, 1859 Fig. 74; Map 9H = Monodora angolensis var. decidua Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1: 13, 1896. Type. Angola. Malanje, Golungo Alto, Welwitsch F.M.J. 776, Dec 1855: holotype: LISC; isotypes: B[B 10 0154049]; BM[BM000889328]; BR[BR0000008802026]; C[C10004780, C10004779]; COI[COI00077210]; G; K[K000198845, pro parte]; LISU[LISU206066, LISU206065]; P[P00363309]. = Monodora angolensis var. microphylla Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1: 13, 1896. Type. Angola. Malanje, Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch F.M.J. 775, Jan 1857: holotype: BM; isotype: K[K000198845, pro parte]. = Monodora durieuxii De Wild., Études Fl. Bas-et Moyen-Congo 1: 122, 1903. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Equateur, Wangata, Dewèvre A.P. 613, 14 Jan 1896: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000008802354]; isotypes: BR[BR0000008802682, BR0000008802743]. = Monodora letestui Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 386, 1947. Type. Gabon. Ogooué-Lolo, Lastoursville, Le Testu G.M.P.C. 7222, Apr 1929: lectotype, sheet here designated: P[P00363310]; isotypes: BM[BM000553855]; BR[BR0000008801692]; LBV n.v., LISC[LISC000382]; P[P00363311]. = Monodora louisii Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Brux. 21: 97, 1951. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale, Yangambi, Louis J.L.P. 6612, 15 Nov 1937: lectotype, sheet here designated: BR[BR0000006246730]; isotypes: BM[BM000553857]; BR[BR0000006247065]; C[C10004782, C10004781]; K[K000199023 K000199024]; NY n.v., P[P00363257]; PRE[PRE0774858-0]; S[S10-21167]. Type. Angola. Malanje; Pungo Andongo, Welwitsch F.M.J. 774, May 1855: holotype: LISC; isotypes: B[B 10 0190365]; BM[BM000553856]; COI[COI00077209]; G[G00011630]; K[K000198843, K000198844]. Description. Tree, 18-20 m tall, d.b.h. 10-25 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum absent; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-10 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, weakly grooved adaxially, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 4-20 cm long, 2-7.5 cm wide, elliptic, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5-1 cm long, base cuneate to obtuse, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 8-40 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 25-85 mm long, 5-7 mm in diameter, glabrous; bract 1, towards the upper half of pedicel, 4-17 mm long, 3-12 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-15 mm long, 2-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green speckled with red and purple, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins undulate; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 17-50 mm long, 10-30 mm wide, oblong-obovate, apex truncate, base truncate, red-brown with pale yellow spots towards the apex, margins wavy, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 4-11 mm long, 5-16 mm wide, cordate to rhombic, apex acuminate, base narrowed into a claw, claw 3.0-9 mm long, white tinged with yellow, minutely purple-mottled along margins, margins flat, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; receptacle convex to flat; stamens numerous, in 9 to 11 rows, 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 1-2 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, glabrous. Fruit syncarpous, 35-80 mm long, 35-50 mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, apex apiculate, glabrous, rugose, bumpy, green to brown when ripe; seeds 9-13 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species from eastern Nigeria to northern Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, western Tanzania and northern Zambia, with one collection from Ivory Coast; in Cameroon known from East, South, Central and Adamaoua regions. Habitat. Fairly uncommon in Cameroon; in primary, secondary, and montane rain forests, gallery forest, sometimes in dry forests. Altitude 0-1800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. Uses in Cameroon. None reported. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019y). Notes. Monodora angolensis is distinguished from other species by the combination of the following characters: entirely glabrous leaves and branches and clawed non undulated glabrous inner petals. Specimens examined. Central Region: Environs de Ndokalende 10 km SW de Ndikinimeki, 4.72°N, 10.78°E, 04 March 1984, Satabié B. 754 (P,WAG,YA). East Region: Molunda Sation Ngoko Nginda 21 km north of Molundu, 2.2°N, 15.2°E, 09 January 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 4199 (B,HBG). North Region: Tibati, 6.46°N, 12.63°E, 01 February 1909, Ledermann C.L. 2462 (B); km 10 Tibati-Mabouka road, 6.43°N, 12.7°E, 29 June 1972, Leeuwenberg A.J.M. 10034 (BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA). South Region: 18 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.32°E, 07 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 461 (WAG,YA); 26 km east from Lélé village, 2.28°N, 13.31°E, 08 September 2013, Couvreur T.L.P. 477 (WAG,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 247-250, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371","Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019y. Monodora angolensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132680437A133046240. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132680437A133046240.en"]}