Search

Aximopsis gabrielae Zhang, Gates and Campos , sp. nov. (Figures 2–8) Female. Holotype body length 2.4 mm. Diagnosis Aximopsis gabrielae can be distinguished from other members of Aximopsis s.l. by the absence of horns on the vertex and mesodorsal pronotum (Figures 2 (a–b), 3(a)), sensu Gates et al. (2006), the clypeus ventrally protruding, the protuberant supraclypeal area forming a bump (Figures 3 (a), 4(b)) and the very short, cup-like funiculars in the female. The male has four funiculars very shortly tapering basally and not at all tapering apically, and a two-segmented clava, with a slight division near the tip (Figure 8 (a)), while all other known species have strongly tapering F1–F4, giving the appearance of a peduncle for the following segment. Type material Holotype ♀. Mexico, Campeche, Escarcega Forestal Reserve CONAFOR, 15 August 2018 18°36'26.8'' N, 90°48'14.4'' W (D.Campos – C.Pozo Leg.) Ex. Pupa Q. cerialis. USNMENT01558247. Paratypes: same locality as holotype (8♂, 7♀) (USNMENT01558218, 01558221, 01558290, 01558326, 01558422, 01558427, 01558433, 01558523, 01558547, 01558557, 01558586, 01558603, 01558609, 01558654, 01558659) (6 ♂♂, 50♀♀) (ECO-CH-AR 0596- 0651). Colour. Black except for the following: flagellomeres, tegula, wing veins brown; scape, pedicel, apices of femora, tibiae, tarsi, ovipositor sheaths testaceous (Figure 2 (a)). Head. Rectangular and 1.25× as wide as long in dorsal view, with umbilicate sculpture and bearing filiform, adpressed and sparse setae, those on lower face longer and directed downwards, the others shorter and directed upwards. Lower face strigose, the carinulae converging towards edge of oral fossa and extending above to antennal toruli, clypeus distinctly protruding, its surface forming a bump, mandible weakly tridentate (Figure 3 (a)). Malar sulcus absent, malar space 0.62× eye height. Genal carina present, malar sulcus forming a small asetose, imbricate band below eyes. Toruli positioned above lower ocular line, diameter of torulus 1.5× that of the intertorular space. Scrobal depression carinate laterally, with parallel edges, ventromedially carinate. Vertex imbricate, POL:OOL:LOL ratio 2.5:1.4:1. Head posteriorly with postgenal lamina, postgenal groove straight, fading about at level with upper edge of hypostomal carina, and slightly converging ventrally, ending far from genal carina. Subforaminal bridge transversely strigulose and with broad median strip of ornamentation. Posterior tentorial sulci present and deep (Figure 4 (a)). Antenna. Ratio of scape (minus radicle):pedicel:anellus:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5:club 12:4:1:4.2:4:4: 3.8:3:8.8; pedicel chalice-shaped; funiculars very short with F2–F4 transverse and cupuliform; funiculars thus bearing a single row of longitudinal sensilla and two whorls of setae, shorter than relevant segment; clava clearly two-segmented (Figure 3 (b)). Fore wing. Ratio of marginal:postmarginal:stigmal veins 1.8:1.2:1. Costal and basal cells and speculum bare except for basal and cubital folds with a line of setae, short setation on the distal parts of the wing (Figure 6 (a)). Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.33× as long as broad; pro- and mesonotum umbilicate, notauli complete, shallow (Figure 6 (b)); lateral prepectus triangular, smooth, sublateral prepectus with deep pit; ventral surface of prepectus with median tooth (Figure 5 (b), arrow). Adscrobal area with three long and erect setae. Mesopleuron strigose, epicnemium flat, entirely carinately delimited (Figure 5 (a)), anterior projection of ventral shelf elevated, narrowly projecting anteriorly (Figure 5 (b)). Ventral part of the femoral depression with a large areola (Figure 5 (b)). Metepimeron regularly umbilicate and bearing long, hair-like setae. Postscutellum with inverted V-like raised strip forming a very obtuse angle. Propodeum flattened medially, the relevant surface carinately delimited laterally, reticulate anteriorly and transversely strigulose laterally, followed by subquadrate adpetiolar areola; propodeum coarsely umbilicate laterally and bearing filiform, erect setae (Figure 7 (b)). Leg. Oblique carina on procoxa forming a shelf for reception of lower head (Figure 4 (b), arrow), imbricate. Mesocoxa without lamella; metacoxa bare dorsally, metatibia with a row of adpressed setae, subequal to the width of the metatibia. Metasoma. Petiole longer than metacoxa, cylindrical, rugose to alveolate, 0.4× as long as gaster in lateral view; dorsally with median carina leading to anterior teeth above the ‘canopener’ shaped articular area; no ventral transverse carina delimiting petiole from petiolar part of St1. Gaster elliptical in lateral view, narrowly tapering posteriorly (Figure 7 (a)), smooth, setose from Gt4. Gt4 much longer than other tergites, emarginate posteriorly in dorsal view. Male. Length 2.2 mm. Colour largely similar to females, except antennae wholly black, and tibiae dark brown; sculpture as described for females (Figure 2 (b)). Antenna with four funiculars longer than wide, cupuliform, funiculars with single row of longitudinal sensilla and two or more rows of filiform, erect setae longer than their bearing segment. Clava twosegmented, tip of clava tapering (Figure 8 (a)). Gastral petiole in lateral view 0.65× as long as metasoma, cylindrical, weakly reticulate to smooth. Metasoma triangular in shape (Figure 8 (b)). Variation. Female body length ranges from 2.2 to 2.5 mm, male from 2 to 2.3 mm. Biology. A gregarious larval-pupal endoparasitoid of Quadrus cerialis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) feeding on Piper amalago (Piperaceae). Caterpillars of Q. cerialis are abundant in August (unpublished data), the month when A. gabrielae parasitised one of the caterpillars collected. Distribution Southern Mexico, in the Yucatan Peninsula, in a forest reserve of semi-evergreen tropical forest. This species is probably widespread through the Neotropical Region, where Q. cerialis and P. amalago are distributed. Etymology Aximopsis gabrielae is named in honour of Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud, who has dedicated most of her life to the study of the ecology and behaviour of parasitoids in south-eastern Mexico., Published as part of Campos-Moreno, Diego F., Gates, Michael W., Zhang, Y. Miles, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Dyer, Lee A., Whitfield, James B. & Pozo, Carmen, 2022, Aximopsis gabrielae sp. nov.: a gregarious parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) of the skipper Quadrus cerialis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) feeding on Piper amalago in southern Mexico, pp. 173-189 in Journal of Natural History 56 (1 - 4) on pages 177-181, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2025940, http://zenodo.org/record/6530282, {"references":["Gates MW, Metz MA, Schauff ME. 2006. The circumscription of the generic concept of Aximopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) with the description of seven new species. Zootaxa. 1273: 9 - 54. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1273.1.2."]}

Campos-Moreno, Diego F., Gates, Michael W., Zhang, Y. Miles, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Dyer, Lee A., Whitfield, James B., Pozo, Carmen (2022): Aximopsis gabrielae sp. nov.: a gregarious parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) of the skipper Quadrus cerialis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) feeding on Piper amalago in southern Mexico. Journal of Natural History 56 (1-4): 173-189, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2025940, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2025940

La obesidad es un problema de salud global que puede afectar la esfera cardiovascular, metab��lica e incluso inmunol��gica. Se reconoce que la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones luego de un procedimiento quir��rgico, incluyendo procedimientos est��ticos como la abdominoplastia, mamoplastia de aumento y reducci��n, entre otros. Las complicaciones m��s frecuentes son la infecci��n del sitio operatorio y la trombosis venosa profunda, lo cual se explica por el impacto de la obesidad en la arquitectura y funcionalidad del sistema inmunol��gico y por c��mo afecta la mec��nica circulatoria tanto la obesidad como los h��bitos que t��picamente se asocian a la misma, como la inactividad f��sica. Dada la evidencia, es tiempo de considerar nuevas estrategias para evitar el mayor n��mero de complicaciones posibles en esta subpoblaci��n, para lo cual se necesitan nuevas investigaciones m��s rigurosas y con protocolos novedosos.

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rather infrequent neoplasm that mostly occurs with an autonomous secretion of steroids or steroid precursors. Previous cases have been reported with simultaneous production of metanephrines, but they were associated with intercurrent pheochromocytoma or mixed corticomedular tumors. So far, only two cases of adrenocortical carcinoma that deliver medullar hormones had been published. We herein report a singular case of a 58-year-old man with a finding of an incidental adrenal mass that demonstrated metanephrine production in the hormonal study. Consequently, initial diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was established. Microscopic examination showed an adrenal mass with marked pleomorphism and frequent mitosis. Large areas of coagulative necrosis were interspersed within the tumour. After immunohistochemistry staining there was a high expression of Ki67 (>70%) showing highly proliferative behaviour. Both cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin were positive, synaptophysin and chromogranin were negative. The surgical margins were free. Given these features, a diagnosis of metanephrin-producing adrenocortical carcinoma was done.

Digital vasospasm is a known adverse effect of dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine; however, it has rarely been reported with cabergoline. We describe a case of Raynaud's phenomenon as a side effect of treatment with the latter in a 52-year-old woman with a macroprolactinoma, forcing discontinuation. In this context, we conducted a review of the literature, with emphasis on the possible criteria for discontinuation of treatment with dopaminergic agonists in patients with macroprolactinoma.

Los tumores mesenquimales inductores de osteomalacia (TIO) suelen ser benignos, pequeños, de crecimiento lento. Los TIO tienen una producción anormal del factor de crecimiento fibroblástico 23 (FGF-23) que ocasiona la inhibición de la reabsorción de fosfato en el túbulo contorneado proximal y la inactivación de la 1α-hidroxilasa con la consecuente hipofosfatemia, fosfaturia y alteración del metabolismo de la vitamina D que conlleva a la aparición de osteomalacia adquirida. Recientemente se ha descrito la variante no fosfatúrica. En este caso clínico se presenta un paciente con un tumor mesenquimal no fosfatúrico cuyo diagnóstico fue complicado debido a los síntomas iniciales inespecíficos

Lepidophyma lusca, sp. nov. (Figs. 3–5) Lepidophyma gaigeae Ahumada-Carrillo (2013) Holotype: (CNAR IBH 32556), adult female collected on the banks of the Gallinas river, Tamul waterfall, 4.4 km SW from the locality of Tanchachín, municipality of Aquismón, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (21.804°, -99.180°; 195 m elev.). Collected by Arenas-Moreno, D.M., Bautista-del Moral A., and Rodríguez-Miranda L.A. on 2 nd May 2019. Paratypes: Eleven specimens, all from the same region as the holotype. All specimens collected were adults (CNAR IBH 32554-55, 32557-65). Etymology: The specific epithet, “lusca”, is the singular feminine noun in Latin for “one eyed”, due the absence of parietal eye. Diagnosis: Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the syntopic species L. occulor by its smaller size (maximum SVL in L. lusca sp. nov. 53.16 mm vs. 125.3 mm in L. occulor); smooth scales with reduced dorsal tubercules (enlarged and conspicuous dorsal tubercules in L. occulor); fewer gular scales (up to 38 in L. lusca sp. nov. and at least 58 in L. occulor); absence of parietal spot (present in L. occulor). Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. is similar in morphology to L. gaigeae (sister species) and the species of Tehuantepec A clade (L. cuicateca, L. dontomasi, L. lowei, and L. radula; Noonan et al. 2013), given its small body size, reduced tubercular scales and slightly differentiated caudal whorls and interwhorls. This species differs from L. cuicateca, L. dontomasi, L. gaigeae, L. lowei, and L. radula in lacking parietal spot; in have more than one gular scale contacting the first two infralabials in some individuals (no more than one gular scale contacting the first two infralabials in L. cuicateca, L. gaigeae, and L. lowei; zero in L. dontomasi and L. radula); from L. cuicateca and L. gaigeae in that the caudal interwhorls are not complete ventrally (complete in L. cuicateca and L. gaigeae); from L. cuicateca, and L. lowei in have less than 137 dorsal scales (more than 150 in L. cuicateca and more than 158 L. lowei); in have 26 or less femoral pores (27 or more in L. gaigeae), and shorter head length and width than L. gaigeae (Tables 2 and 3). Description of the holotype: an adult female; snout-vent length 48.53 mm; tail length 56.57 mm; axilla groin length 25.7 mm; head length 11.73 mm; head width 6.27 mm; head depth 4.39 mm; orbit length 1.74 mm; fourth toe length 6.68 mm. Rostral followed by nasals, in contact with median frontonasal; two prefrontals; two frontoparietals; no frontal; interparietal scale without parietal spot, and two parietals at the sides. Nostril bordered by nasal, postnasal and supralabial; postnasal followed by two loreals, the anterior loreal higher than postnasal and smaller than posterior loreal. Eight supralabials, the sixth bigger than the others and the fifth in contact with the orbit; six infralabials, the second and third being larger and the sixth the smallest. Two postoculars in contact with the sixth supralabial. Three supratemporals; first supratemporal divided in contact with parietal, second supratemporal larger than the others in contact with parietal and occipital, and third supratemporal in contact with occipital. Seven enlarged pale auriculars, border the anterior part of tympanic opening. Two gulars contacting first infralabial; 37 gulars along the ventral midline between second pair of infralabials and posterior gular fold (Figs. 3 and 4). The body surface in dorsal view covered by small granular scales of different size, interspaced with slightly enlarged and keeled tubercles, each followed by one or more granular scales of heterogeneous size; 18 large paravertebral tubercles from above axilla to above groin in the paravertebral row. The vertebral area with small tubercles with three paravertebral rows, these rows start under the groin and are getting loss in the middle of dorsum; 131 dorsals along the middle line between the posterior edge of postparietals to the vent. Quadrangular ventrals smooth and flat, 10 rows at mid body; the rows at the edges smaller and slightly keeled and elevated; 37 transversal rows of ventrals between gular fold and vent (including three rows of preanals). Scales on ventral surface of limbs heterogeneous in size and slightly keeled; 20 femoral pores (9/11); 26 scales on the fourth toe, excluding the claw. Tail with complete enlarged whorls like rings, each separated by three rows of interwhorls; in ventral view these rows reduce to two; the interwhorls are not complete ventrally. Color pattern in life: except for the following characteristics, coloration is similar in life and preservative. According to the color catalogue of Köhler (2012), head is smoke gray (#267) except for frontoparietals, which are grayish olive (#273). Background color medium sulphur yellow (#94) with dorsal and dorsolateral grayish olive spots (#275). Tubercles of paravertebral rows chamois (#84). Anterior limbs medium sulphur yellow (#94); posterior limbs cream white (#52) laterally. Tail light sky blue (#191) (Fig. 5). Color pattern in preservative: dorsal surface of the head, from rostral to interparietal scales, smoke grey (#267), and glaucous (#272) at the level of the temporals and occipitals. Grayish olive (#274) irregular stripe between nostrils and eye extending along loreals and continuing through eye and along the canthus temporalis. Supralabials and infralabials smoky white (#261) with central grayish olive spots (#274). Body, tail and limbs pale cinnamon (#55) background color with smoke gray spots (#266), intercalated by dark grayish olive spots (#275) along the dorsal and dorsolateral surface (Fig. 4A). Pearl gray spots (#262) along vertebral rows; tubercles of paravertebral rows chamois (#84). Ventral surface of the body pale sulphur yellow (#92) (Fig. 4B). Variation: variation in morphometrics and scalation of the individuals is shown in Tables 2 and 3. Among individuals, coloration varies from lighter to darker hues, both in live and preservative. Distribution and habitat: Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality between 194–220 m elevation (Ahumada-Carrillo 2013) (Fig. 6). This site is located in the physiographic region of the Sierra Madre Oriental, specifically belonging to the Carso Huasteco province (Lemos-Espinal et al. 2018). The area is characterized by outcrops of Cretaceous limestones with thinner interbeds of shales (Raines 1968). Vegetation corresponds to tropical semi-evergreen forest (INEGI 2017). The upper arboreal stratus is dominated by Bursera simaruba, Tabebuia sp., Inga sp., Croton draco, Vachellia aff. cornigera, Aphananthe monoica, Annona sp., Lonchocarpus sp., and Ficus spp. There is also a distinct lower height stratus comprised by Parmentiera aculeata, Bixa orellana, Bocconia arborea, Bauhinia divaricata, Cupania dentata, Pseudobombax ellipticum, and Urera sp. On the banks of the river is frequent to find Platanus mexicana. Climate at the locality is semi-warm humid with abundant rainfall, a mean temperature of 23.9 °C, minimum and maximum temperature of 11.6 °C and 34.4 °C, respectively, and mean annual precipitation of 1750 mm (Fick & Hijmans 2017; INEGI 2009). This species is restricted to the stream’s banks, where it is found in crevices of limestone covered by the canopy (Fig. 7). Natural and life history: fecal analysis of individuals collected shows that L. lusca sp. nov. is insectivorous like other night lizard species (Bezy & Camarillo 2002). As for other members in the genus, the reproductive mode of this species is viviparous. Mating season is unknown, but probably occurs at the end of the rainy season, like other Lepidophyma species (Méndez de la Cruz et al. 1999). Five females gave birth in captivity a total of 16 neonates between 2 nd to 13 th June of 2019. The minimum SVL of pregnant females was 45 mm. The mean litter size was 3.2 ± 1.48 neonates (range: 1–5). Neonates had a mean SVL of 22.6 ± 0.88 mm (range: 21–24 mm) and a mean mass of 0.22 ± 0.02 g (range: 0.17–0.27 g). The mean relative litter mass (RLM), according to the method described by Rodríguez-Romero et al. (2005; RLM = litter mass/mass of female after parturition), was 0.3940 ± 0.1549 g (range: 0.1541 –0.4405 g). Despite the currently restricted distribution of this species, the population seems to be very abundant; approximately more than 30 individuals were observed per day of sampling. Activity and behavior: Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. is rarely seen outside crevices, only exposing its head and part of its body when active. The activity period of L. lusca sp. nov. was diurnal-crepuscular (08:00–20:00 h), although lizards were more active during the twilight (19:15–20:15 h), with cessation of activity at the first hours of the night, when the congeneric L. occulor Taylor 1939, which occurs in syntopy with L. lusca sp. nov., started its activity. Preliminary field observations made by one of the coauthors (FJMN) in the winter of 2018 suggest that this activity pattern might be constant throughout the year. Thermal and hydric physiology: the mean microhabitat T e during the day was 28.8 ± 1.37 °C, with a minimum and maximum temperature range of 26.7 to 32.4 °C, respectively. At night, the mean value of T e was 27.6 ± 0.58 °C, ranging from 26.5 to 29.1 °C. The period of higher activity of L. lusca sp. nov. was around twilight, when T e ranged from 27.6 °C to 29.6 °C. Mean T b (30.1 °C) was higher than mean T set (26.8 °C). CT max of the species was just 3 °C above than the maximum recorded T e during the day, while CT min was 10 °C below the minimum recorded value of T e. Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. had high rates of evaporative water loss, accounting for more than 1% of its body mass per hour in the dry air desiccation system (Table 4).

Lepidophyma lusca, sp. nov. (Figs. 3–5) Lepidophyma gaigeae Ahumada-Carrillo (2013) Holotype: (CNAR IBH 32556), adult female collected on the banks of the Gallinas river, Tamul waterfall, 4.4 km SW from the locality of Tanchachín, municipality of Aquismón, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (21.804°, -99.180°; 195 m elev.). Collected by Arenas-Moreno, D.M., Bautista-del Moral A., and Rodríguez-Miranda L.A. on 2 nd May 2019. Paratypes: Eleven specimens, all from the same region as the holotype. All specimens collected were adults (CNAR IBH 32554-55, 32557-65). Etymology: The specific epithet, “lusca”, is the singular feminine noun in Latin for “one eyed”, due the absence of parietal eye. Diagnosis: Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the syntopic species L. occulor by its smaller size (maximum SVL in L. lusca sp. nov. 53.16 mm vs. 125.3 mm in L. occulor); smooth scales with reduced dorsal tubercules (enlarged and conspicuous dorsal tubercules in L. occulor); fewer gular scales (up to 38 in L. lusca sp. nov. and at least 58 in L. occulor); absence of parietal spot (present in L. occulor). Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. is similar in morphology to L. gaigeae (sister species) and the species of Tehuantepec A clade (L. cuicateca, L. dontomasi, L. lowei, and L. radula; Noonan et al. 2013), given its small body size, reduced tubercular scales and slightly differentiated caudal whorls and interwhorls. This species differs from L. cuicateca, L. dontomasi, L. gaigeae, L. lowei, and L. radula in lacking parietal spot; in have more than one gular scale contacting the first two infralabials in some individuals (no more than one gular scale contacting the first two infralabials in L. cuicateca, L. gaigeae, and L. lowei; zero in L. dontomasi and L. radula); from L. cuicateca and L. gaigeae in that the caudal interwhorls are not complete ventrally (complete in L. cuicateca and L. gaigeae); from L. cuicateca, and L. lowei in have less than 137 dorsal scales (more than 150 in L. cuicateca and more than 158 L. lowei); in have 26 or less femoral pores (27 or more in L. gaigeae), and shorter head length and width than L. gaigeae (Tables 2 and 3). Description of the holotype: an adult female; snout-vent length 48.53 mm; tail length 56.57 mm; axilla groin length 25.7 mm; head length 11.73 mm; head width 6.27 mm; head depth 4.39 mm; orbit length 1.74 mm; fourth toe length 6.68 mm. Rostral followed by nasals, in contact with median frontonasal; two prefrontals; two frontoparietals; no frontal; interparietal scale without parietal spot, and two parietals at the sides. Nostril bordered by nasal, postnasal and supralabial; postnasal followed by two loreals, the anterior loreal higher than postnasal and smaller than posterior loreal. Eight supralabials, the sixth bigger than the others and the fifth in contact with the orbit; six infralabials, the second and third being larger and the sixth the smallest. Two postoculars in contact with the sixth supralabial. Three supratemporals; first supratemporal divided in contact with parietal, second supratemporal larger than the others in contact with parietal and occipital, and third supratemporal in contact with occipital. Seven enlarged pale auriculars, border the anterior part of tympanic opening. Two gulars contacting first infralabial; 37 gulars along the ventral midline between second pair of infralabials and posterior gular fold (Figs. 3 and 4). The body surface in dorsal view covered by small granular scales of different size, interspaced with slightly enlarged and keeled tubercles, each followed by one or more granular scales of heterogeneous size; 18 large paravertebral tubercles from above axilla to above groin in the paravertebral row. The vertebral area with small tubercles with three paravertebral rows, these rows start under the groin and are getting loss in the middle of dorsum; 131 dorsals along the middle line between the posterior edge of postparietals to the vent. Quadrangular ventrals smooth and flat, 10 rows at mid body; the rows at the edges smaller and slightly keeled and elevated; 37 transversal rows of ventrals between gular fold and vent (including three rows of preanals). Scales on ventral surface of limbs heterogeneous in size and slightly keeled; 20 femoral pores (9/11); 26 scales on the fourth toe, excluding the claw. Tail with complete enlarged whorls like rings, each separated by three rows of interwhorls; in ventral view these rows reduce to two; the interwhorls are not complete ventrally. Color pattern in life: except for the following characteristics, coloration is similar in life and preservative. According to the color catalogue of Köhler (2012), head is smoke gray (#267) except for frontoparietals, which are grayish olive (#273). Background color medium sulphur yellow (#94) with dorsal and dorsolateral grayish olive spots (#275). Tubercles of paravertebral rows chamois (#84). Anterior limbs medium sulphur yellow (#94); posterior limbs cream white (#52) laterally. Tail light sky blue (#191) (Fig. 5). Color pattern in preservative: dorsal surface of the head, from rostral to interparietal scales, smoke grey (#267), and glaucous (#272) at the level of the temporals and occipitals. Grayish olive (#274) irregular stripe between nostrils and eye extending along loreals and continuing through eye and along the canthus temporalis. Supralabials and infralabials smoky white (#261) with central grayish olive spots (#274). Body, tail and limbs pale cinnamon (#55) background color with smoke gray spots (#266), intercalated by dark grayish olive spots (#275) along the dorsal and dorsolateral surface (Fig. 4A). Pearl gray spots (#262) along vertebral rows; tubercles of paravertebral rows chamois (#84). Ventral surface of the body pale sulphur yellow (#92) (Fig. 4B). Variation: variation in morphometrics and scalation of the individuals is shown in Tables 2 and 3. Among individuals, coloration varies from lighter to darker hues, both in live and preservative. Distribution and habitat: Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality between 194–220 m elevation (Ahumada-Carrillo 2013) (Fig. 6). This site is located in the physiographic region of the Sierra Madre Oriental, specifically belonging to the Carso Huasteco province (Lemos-Espinal et al. 2018). The area is characterized by outcrops of Cretaceous limestones with thinner interbeds of shales (Raines 1968). Vegetation corresponds to tropical semi-evergreen forest (INEGI 2017). The upper arboreal stratus is dominated by Bursera simaruba, Tabebuia sp., Inga sp., Croton draco, Vachellia aff. cornigera, Aphananthe monoica, Annona sp., Lonchocarpus sp., and Ficus spp. There is also a distinct lower height stratus comprised by Parmentiera aculeata, Bixa orellana, Bocconia arborea, Bauhinia divaricata, Cupania dentata, Pseudobombax ellipticum, and Urera sp. On the banks of the river is frequent to find Platanus mexicana. Climate at the locality is semi-warm humid with abundant rainfall, a mean temperature of 23.9 °C, minimum and maximum temperature of 11.6 °C and 34.4 °C, respectively, and mean annual precipitation of 1750 mm (Fick & Hijmans 2017; INEGI 2009). This species is restricted to the stream’s banks, where it is found in crevices of limestone covered by the canopy (Fig. 7). Natural and life history: fecal analysis of individuals collected shows that L. lusca sp. nov. is insectivorous like other night lizard species (Bezy & Camarillo 2002). As for other members in the genus, the reproductive mode of this species is viviparous. Mating season is unknown, but probably occurs at the end of the rainy season, like other Lepidophyma species (Méndez de la Cruz et al. 1999). Five females gave birth in captivity a total of 16 neonates between 2 nd to 13 th June of 2019. The minimum SVL of pregnant females was 45 mm. The mean litter size was 3.2 ± 1.48 neonates (range: 1–5). Neonates had a mean SVL of 22.6 ± 0.88 mm (range: 21–24 mm) and a mean mass of 0.22 ± 0.02 g (range: 0.17–0.27 g). The mean relative litter mass (RLM), according to the method described by Rodríguez-Romero et al. (2005; RLM = litter mass/mass of female after parturition), was 0.3940 ± 0.1549 g (range: 0.1541 –0.4405 g). Despite the currently restricted distribution of this species, the population seems to be very abundant; approximately more than 30 individuals were observed per day of sampling. Activity and behavior: Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. is rarely seen outside crevices, only exposing its head and part of its body when active. The activity period of L. lusca sp. nov. was diurnal-crepuscular (08:00–20:00 h), although lizards were more active during the twilight (19:15–20:15 h), with cessation of activity at the first hours of the night, when the congeneric L. occulor Taylor 1939, which occurs in syntopy with L. lusca sp. nov., started its activity. Preliminary field observations made by one of the coauthors (FJMN) in the winter of 2018 suggest that this activity pattern might be constant throughout the year. Thermal and hydric physiology: the mean microhabitat T e during the day was 28.8 ± 1.37 °C, with a minimum and maximum temperature range of 26.7 to 32.4 °C, respectively. At night, the mean value of T e was 27.6 ± 0.58 °C, ranging from 26.5 to 29.1 °C. The period of higher activity of L. lusca sp. nov. was around twilight, when T e ranged from 27.6 °C to 29.6 °C. Mean T b (30.1 °C) was higher than mean T set (26.8 °C). CT max of the species was just 3 °C above than the maximum recorded T e during the day, while CT min was 10 °C below the minimum recorded value of T e. Lepidophyma lusca sp. nov. had high rates of evaporative water loss, accounting for more than 1% of its body mass per hour in the dry air desiccation system (Table 4)., Published as part of Arenas-Moreno, Diego M., Muñoz-Nolasco, Francisco J., Moral, Adán Bautista-Del, Rodríguez-Miranda, Luis A., Domínguez-Guerrero, Saúl F. & Méndez-De La Cruz, Fausto R., 2021, A new species of Lepidophyma (Squamata: Xantusiidae) from San Luis Potosí México, with notes on its physiological ecology, pp. 115-130 in Zootaxa 4949 (1) on pages 120-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4635981, {"references":["Ahumada-Carrillo, I. T. (2013) Geographic distribution: Lepidophyma gaigeae (Gaige's tropical night lizard). Herpetological Review, 44 (3), 475.","Noonan, B. P., Pramuk, J. B., Bezy, R. L., Sinclair, E. A., Queiroz, K. & Sites Jr., J. W. (2013) Phylogenetic relationships within the lizard clade Xantusiidae: using trees and divergence times to address evolutionary questions at multiple levels. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 109 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.05.017","Kohler, G. (2012) Color Catalogue for Field Biologists. Herpeton, Verlag, 49 pp.","Lemos-Espinal, J. A., Smith, G. R. & Woolrich-Pina, G. A. (2018) Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys, 753, 83 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 753.21094","Raines, T. W. (1968) Sotano de las Golondrinas: Description. Association for Mexican Cave Studies Bulletin 2. Association for Mexican Cave Studies, Austin, Texas, 20 pp.","INEGI [Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica] (2017) Uso de suelo y vegetacion escala 1: 250 000. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica, Aguascalientes, Mexico. [map]","Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. (2017) WorldClim 2: new 1 - km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37 (12), 4302 - 4315. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / joc. 5086","INEGI [Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica] (2009) Prontuario de informacion geografica municipal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos: Aquismon, San Luis Potosi. Clave geoestadistica 24003. Available from: http: // www 3. inegi. org. mx / contenidos / app / mexicocifras / datos _ geograficos / 24 / 24003. pdf (accessed 29 July 2020)","Bezy, R. L. & Camarillo, R. J. L. (2002) Systematics of Xantusiid lizards of the genus Lepidophyma. Contribution in science, 493, 1 - 41.","Mendez de la Cruz, F. R., Villagran, M., Hernandez-Gallegos, O., Manriquez-Moran, N. L. & Rodriguez-Romero, F. (1999) Reproductive cycle of the tropical night lizard, Lepidophyma pajapanensis (Sauria: Xantusiidae). Journal of Herpetology, 33, 340 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1565738","Rodriguez-Romero, F., Mendez, F. R. & Lopez-Gonzalez, L. (2005) Analisis comparado del esfuerzo reproductor en algunos lacertilios mexicanos de ambiente tropical y templado. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 2 (1), 168 - 177.","Taylor, E. H. (1939) A new species of the lizard genus Lepidophyma from Mexico. Copeia, 1939 (3), 131 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1436806"]}

The invasions produced by species of bivalves of the genus Corbicula Mühlfeld, 1811 are of enormous complexity, not only for being one of the most alarming invasions that are occurring in freshwater ecosystems at a planetary level, but for the difficulty of assigning the proper nomenclature to these taxa. In this article, all the citations of the taxon Corbicula fluminea sensu lato (C. fluminea s.l.) in the Iberian Peninsula since its first appearance are reviewed. Two new locations are also mentioned, the Pinilla reservoir in Madrid and the irrigation pipes of the Cuevas del Almanzora reservoir in Almería. After the review of the worldwide expansion of the taxon C. fluminea s.l. and the biology of its invasive populations, characterized by an asexual mode of reproduction called androgenesis, the close relationship between invasive success and mode of reproduction became clear. These peculiarities in the reproduction of C. fluminea s.l. have complicated the delimitation of species within the invading lineages, and the appearance of different species has been recorded. While awaiting a sound taxonomy of Corbicula and taking into account that the invading lineages of C. fluminea s.l. are known to undergo asexual reproduction by androgenesis, we suggest that different names should not be atributed to morphotypes that appear in different places where these bivalves are invading.&nbsp

Acanthococcus punctatae Juárez & González sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Type material. Holotype: adult female located centrally on the slide, marked with a red circle. Argentina, Mendoza, Potrerillos surroundings (32°57'59" S, 69°14'45" W), on Zuccagnia punctata, -/ XI/1940, Ruiz Leal col., 1(9) (CALyT). Paratypes: the other 8 specimens on the holotype slide plus: same host, collector and locality data as holotype slide but dated -/ VI/1928, 1(4) (CALyT). Species diagnosis, adult female. Dorsal setae conical, variable in size, all smaller than marginal setae; medial plate present. Ventral surface with sparse quinquelocular pores; cruciform pores present; other types of dermal pores absent; translucent pores on metacoxae present in small groups; frontal lobes present. Description. Slide-mounted adult female body oval, about 1.7 (1.70–1.92) mm long, 1.18 (0.9–1.25) mm wide. Anal lobes membranous, but with a sclerotized bar along anterior and lateral part of outer margin; each about 60 (41–50) µm long, 41 (42–43) µm wide, with 3 dorsal conical setae of similar length, each about 36 (29) µm, and 2 ventral flagellate setae: anterior seta about 48 (31) µm long, posterior seta about 24 (36) µm long; apical setae about 162 (149–152) µm; medial plate present, triangular. Dorsal surface: setae narrow and conical, each with a slightly rounded apex, variable in size, each 8–27 (7–19) µm long, smaller than marginal setae, scattered; largest in cephalic region and in lateral areas of thorax, smaller on abdomen. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical, each about 5 (5) µm wide, 20 (20) µm long; internal ductule with a terminal gland, abundant on margin and sub-margin of abdomen, less abundant on thorax. Microtubular ducts sparse, of type B. Anal ring with six setae and a single row of pores. Margin: with two conical setae on each abdominal segment, each with a slightly rounded apex; variable in size, largest 29–40 (43–54) µm long, smallest 12–19 (19–27) µm long; larger setae distributed regularly along margin of thorax and cephalic region. Ventral surface: setae of 2 types present: flagellate setae, each about 36 (36) µm long, numerous, with 10–12 setae in a line across each abdominal segment and also present medially in thoracic and cephalic regions; enlarged setae, each about 24 (24) µm long, present along body margin singly on each segment. Suranal seta flagellate, each about 51 (70) µm long. Macrotubular ducts abundant, each about 24 (24) µm long and 5 (5) µm wide, some on abdominal segments narrower, each about 2 (2) µm wide. Microtubular ducts absent. Quinquelocular pores, each about 5 (5) µm diameter, present close to spiracles and sparsely throughout abdomen. Cruciform pores present on margins of thoracic and cephalic regions. Other types of pores absent. Spiracles each about 41 (19–29) µm long, 24 (5–10) µm wide. Legs well developed; all claws each with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules equal-sized. Prothoracic legs: each coxa about 72 (36) µm long; trochanter + femur about 125 (72) µm; tibia about 67 (38) µm, with 5 setae; tarsus about 84 (60) µm; claw about 24 (22) µm long. Mesothoracic legs: each coxa about 82 (41) µm long, with microspinules; trochanter + femur about 137 (77) µm; tibia about 79 (48) µm; tarsus about 96 (67) µm; claw about 48 (24) µm long. Metathoracic legs: each coxa about 84 (41) µm long, with microspinules and with 15– 20 pores distributed in small groups; trochanter + femur about 149 (84) µm; femur with 5 setae; tibia about 84 (48) µm, with 4 setae; tarsus about 103 (96) µm; claw about 24 (24) µm long. Antennae each about 206 (195) µm long, with 7 segments, third segment longest, about 24 (24–31) µm long, without setae. Frontal lobes present. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with 2 pairs of setae. Anal tube not sclerotized. Observations. The specimens seen in this study were identified by Lizer y Trelles as Eriococcus diversispinus (Leonardi), but we did not find the type material of this species in either of the collections studied, nor did Miller & Gimpel (2000), who wrote: “Notes: According to S. Marotta (personal communication, June 5, 1996) ‘I have not found any specimens, on slide or dried, of Eriococcus diversispinus ’ ”. In addition, there is no depository cited for the type specimens in the original description. Miller & Gimpel (2000) cite Mendoza, Luján, Los Papagallos, as the type locality of E. diversispinus, but in the study of Leonardi (1911), the type locality is given as Cacheuta, Mendoza. The original description of E. diversispinus by Leonardi (1911) is very poor, and the type locality of A. punctatae sp. nov. is not the same as that cited by Leonardi (1911) or by Miller & Gimpel (2000). In order to avoid further confusion, we have opted to describe this species as new. Distribution. Argentina; South American Transition Zone, Monte Province. Comments. Adult female A. punctatae sp. nov. resemble those of A. perplexus Hempel. Both species have pores on the metacoxae distributed in small groups, the same type of dorsal setae, and both lack a sclerotized anal tube. They differ in that A. perplexus has (character-states for A. punctatae in brackets): (i) large dorsal conical setae throughout the entire surface (restricted to cephalic region and lateral areas of thorax), (ii) two types of microtubular ducts (of type B only), and (iii) no frontal lobes (frontal lobes present). According to their respective descriptions, A. diversispinus and A. punctatae sp. nov. are found on the same host, and (i) have a similar oval body shape, (ii) the same conical-shaped dorsal setae, and (iii) both have two enlarged setae along the margin of each abdominal segment. However, A. diversispinus has six-segmented antennae, an anal ring with eight setae and anal lobes each with three ventral setae, whereas A. punctatae sp. nov. has seven-segmented antennae, an anal ring with six setae and anal lobes each with two ventral setae. Etymology. The name of this species refers to the specific epithet of the host plant, Zuccagnia punctata.

Acanthococcus diversispinus (Leonardi) Eriococcus diversispinus Leonardi 1911: 15 ���17. Eriococcus diverspinus, Hoy 1963: 86. Error of specific epithet. Acanthococcus diverspinus, Miller & Gimpel 1996: 600. Error of specific epithet. Type material. Argentina. Mendoza, Luj��n, Los Papagallos (32��52'3" S, 68��51'42" W), on Zuccagnia punctata, unknown date, collector and depositary (Miller & Gimpel, 2000). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with dorsal setae conical; 2 setae on margin on either side of each segment on abdomen; antenna 6 segmented; anal ring with 8 setae, and anal lobe with 3 ventral setae (Modified from Leonardi 1911). Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Leonardi, G. (1911) Contributo alla Conoscenza delle Cocciniglie della Repubblica Argentina. Bolletino Della Real Scuola Uppere di Agricoltura Portici, Series 2, 10, 3 - 50.","Hoy, J. M. (1963) A Catalogue of the Eriococcidae of the World. New Zealand Department of Science and lndustrial Research Bulletin, 150, 1 - 260.","Miller, D. R. & Gimpel, M. E. (1996) Nomenclatural changes in the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98 (3), 597 - 606.","Miller, D. R. & Gimpel, M. E. (2000) A Systematic Catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Intercept Ltd., Andover, 589 pp."]}

Hempelicoccus aromae Moreno, Gonz��lez & Claps Hempelicoccus aromae Moreno, Gonz��lez & Claps 2016: 3 ���4. Material examined. Holotype: Argentina, C��rdoba, San Marcos Sierra (30��47���1��� S, 64��38���4��� W), on Acacia aroma (tusca), date unknown, Molina col. 1(6) (CALyT). Paratypes: five specimens accompanying the holotype. Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with dorsal microtubular ducts of type A and B, disposed in groups of 4 ���8 mediolaterally in intersegmental lines on mesothorax, metathorax and on abdominal segments I and II; anal lobes with 3 dorsal conical setae and 2 ventral flagellate setae (Moreno et al. 2016). Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Moreno, D., Gonzalez, P & Claps, L. (2016) Revision taxonomica del genero Hempelicoccus Kozar (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Descripcion de una especie nueva. Insecta Mundi, 492, 1 - 9."]}

Hempelicoccus santiaguensis (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink) Eriococcus santiaguensis Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink 2009: 306 ���308. Hempelicoccus santiaguensis, Hodgson & Miller, 2010: 48. Material examined. Holotype: Argentina, Santiago del Estero, Termas de Rio Hondo (27��29'56" S, 64��51'40" W), on Prosopis sp., 23/IX/1990, M.C.G. Willink col. 1(1) (IFML). Paratypes: 2(6) with same data. La Rioja, Centro Universitario (29��25'45" S, 66��52'8" W), on Leucaena leucocephala, XII/2002, M.C.G. Willink col. 1(3 + 1firstinstar nymph + 1adult male + 1 prepupa) (IFML). Other examined material. Argentina, Santiago del Estero, Km 1128, R. 157 (28��14'1" S, 65��5'56" W), on ���creeper plant���, 7/V/1998, M.C.G. Willink col., 2(5 + 1 first-instar nymph) (IFML). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with dorsal surface with reticulations and with 10 groups of microtubular ducts of 2 types on head, thorax and abdomen. Margin with 2 or 3 setae on each abdominal segment. Ventral surface with microtubular ducts of type B; quinquelocular pores extending towards margin from anterior spiracles; frontal lobes present (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink 2009). Distribution. Argentina; Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province; South American Transition Zone, Monte province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Gonzalez, P. & Granara de Willink, M. C. (2009) Descripcion de dos especies nuevas de Eriococcus (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) y redescripcion de otras dos con grupos de microconductos de la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 68 (3 - 4), 301 - 315.","Hodgson, C. J. & Miller, D. R. (2010) A review of the eriococcid Genera (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of South America. Zootaxa, 2459, 1 - 101."]}

Acanthococcus gracielae González & Claps Acanthococcus gracielae González & Claps 2011: 267 –268. Material examined. Holotype: Argentina, Salta, Río Colorado (24°48'0″ S, 62°27'0″ W), unknown host, 6/XI/ 1993, M.C.G. Willink col. (IFML). Paratypes: 3 adult females with the same data as the holotype. Additional material examined. Argentina, Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán (26° 49′ 0″ S, 65° 13′ 0″ W), on “tatané” Chloroleucon tenuiflorum, -/5/2015, Claps & Moreno col., 2(5); on “churqui” Acacia caven, same date and collector, 2(4) (IFML). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with abundant dorsal conical setae in transverse lines on abdominal and thoracic segments; symmetrical macrotubular ducts; numerous microtubular ducts of type B on both surfaces; marginal setae undifferentiated from dorsal setae; metacoxa each with approximately 50 pores, 30 on dorsal surface and 20 on ventral surface; anal lobes with 2 ventral setae (González & Claps 2011). Observations. Severe attacks have been noted on urban trees of Chloroleucon tenuiflorum (Fig. 5), an unusual phenomenon among eriococcids in Argentina. Such attacks can damage hosts. Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province.

Acanthococcus riojensis Ju��rez & Gonz��lez sp. nov. Type material. Holotype: female located towards the right of the preparation, marked with a red circle. Argentina, La Rioja, road to Chilecito (29��13'21" S, 67��29'13" W), 28/IV/1991, on Acacia, M.C.G. Willink col., 1(2) (IFML). Paratypes: 1 (1+2 second-stage female nymphs, with same data as holotype slide) (IFML). Species diagnosis, adult female (Fig. 3). Dorsal setae conical and numerous; macrotubular ducts symmetrical; microtubular ducts of both types A and B present. Margin with single conical seta on each abdominal segment. Ventral surface with a line of small, conical setae in submargin; microtubular ducts of both types present, sparse; legs long and slender; metathoracic coxae with sparse pores. Description. Body of slide-mounted adult female oval, 1.59 (1.35���1.50) mm long, 0.80 (0.73���0.80) mm wide. Anal lobes enlarged, partially sclerotized, each about 98 (58) ��m long, 49 (43) ��m wide; dorsal surface with 3 conical setae: inner posterior seta about 43 (41) ��m, inner anterior seta about 41(50) ��m, outer seta about 24 (29) ��m long; ventral surface with 2 flagellate setae, anterior about 65 (48) ��m and posterior about 72 (84) ��m long; apical setae each about 179 (177) ��m long. Medial plate absent. Dorsal surface: with straight or slightly curved conical setae, each with slightly rounded apices; variable in size, each 19���53 (19���49) ��m long, larger setae on margin and in lateral and medial longitudinal lines, latter reaching as far posteriorly as abdominal segment V. Smaller conical setae distributed over thoracic and abdominal surface and medially on segments VI, VII and VIII. Microspinules present medially on abdominal segments. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical, barely visible, each about 14 (14) ��m long, 5 (5) ��m wide. Microtubular ducts distributed over entire surface and on margin, of both types A and B present, type A most numerous. Anal ring with 6 setae, each 50���79 (62���89) ��m long, with a single row of pores. Margin: with one conical seta on either side of each abdominal segment, each about 48 (36) ��m long; setae undifferentiated from dorsal setae on thorax and cephalic region. Ventral surface: setae of three types present: flagellate setae, abundant over entire ventral surface, of variable length, each 36���72 ��m, longest between antennae; straight conical setae, of similar size to those on dorsum, each 12���19 ��m long, present along sub-margin; and small, marginal spinose setae, each 12���19 ��m long, extending from cephalic region to about abdominal segment V. Suranal setae flagellate. Microspinules present medially on abdominal segments. Quinquelocular pores present on abdominal segments, each about 5 (5) ��m diameter; also sparsely present near spiracles and antennal bases; trilocular pores restricted to near spiracles. Cruciform pores sparse submarginally on thoracic segments, extending posteriorly to abdominal segment IV. Macrotubular ducts sparse, each about 12 (12) ��m long, 5 (5) ��m wide. Microtubular ducts of both type A and B present, sparse on thorax and margin, absent elsewhere. Spiracles each about 48 (38) ��m long, 24 (24) ��m wide. Legs well developed, large but slender; all claws each with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules equal-sized. Prothoracic legs: coxa about 108 (108) ��m long; trochanter + femur about 168 (144) ��m; tibia about 100 (84) ��m, with 5 setae; tarsus about 115 (108) ��m; claw about 36 (31) ��m long. Mesothoracic legs: coxa about 144 (72) ��m long, with microspinules; trochanter + femur about 199 (156) ��m; tibia about 125 (103) ��m; tarsus about 132 (120) ��m; claw about 36 (31) ��m long. Metathoracic legs: coxa about 120 (103) ��m long, with microspinules and about 10 irregularly-shaped pores; trochanter + femur about 211 (168) ��m; femur with 4 setae, without pores; tibia about 139 (108) ��m, with 4 setae; tarsus about 149 (103) ��m; claw about 36 (36) ��m long. Antenna about 205 (210) ��m long, with 7 segments; third segment longest, without setae. Frontal lobes present, smaller than first antennal segment. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with two pairs of setae. Anal tube sclerotized. Comments. Acanthococcus riojensis sp. nov. resembles A. microspinus Koz��r & Konczn�� Benedicty in the types of setae, the presence of frontal lobes and the presence of small medial setae on the posterior abdominal segments (Koz��r & Konczn�� Benedicty 2008). However, the two species differ in that A. microspinus exhibits (character-states for A. riojensis in brackets); (i) larger dorsal setae, each 36���67 ��m long (19���53 ��m long); (ii) larger dorsal setae not forming longitudinal lines (forming longitudinal lines); (iii) only one type of microtubular duct (two types), and (iv) a 2-segmented labium (3 segmented). Second nymphal instar (considered to be male) (Fig. 4). Description. Body mounted on slide oval, 1.0 (1.0���1.2) mm long, 0.5 (0.5���0.97) mm wide. Anal lobes enlarged; dorsal surface with 3 conical setae: inner posterior seta about 36 (36) ��m long, inner anterior seta about 36 (36) ��m long and outer seta about 19 (24���29) ��m long; ventral surface with two flagellate setae, anterior seta about 36 (53) ��m, posterior seta about 53 (60) ��m long; apical seta very long, about 168 (168) ��m. Medial plate absent. Dorsal surface: setae conical, slender, straight or slightly curved, with slightly rounded apex, varying in size, each 12���36 (19���36) ��m long, similar to or smaller than marginal setae, smallest setae present submarginally and interspersed amongst largest setae. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical, each about 14 (14) long, 5 (5) ��m wide, very sparse and barely visible. Microtubular ducts of type B present on margin and dispersed sparsely throughout. Anal ring with 6 setae, each 67���80 (67���84) ��m long, and a single row of pores. Margin: with one marginal seta on either side of each abdominal segment, similar in size to larger dorsal setae. Ventral surface: flagellate setae present throughout, each 12���53 (19���60) ��m long. Straight conical setae present submarginally along entire margin, each 14���30 (19���36) ��m long. Quinquelocular pores each about 5 (5) ��m in diameter, and trilocular pores present on abdominal segments and near each spiracle. Cruciform pores sparse marginally on thoracic segments. Macrotubular ducts present sparsely near margin, each about 12 (12) ��m long, 5 (5) ��m wide. Microtubular ducts absent. Spiracles each about 43 (36) ��m long and 26 (24) ��m wide. Legs welldeveloped, long and slender; all claws each with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules equal-sized. Prothoracic legs: coxa about 96 (106) ��m long; trochanter + femur about 124 (127) ��m; tibia about 79 (94) ��m, with five setae; tarsus about 100 (103) ��m; claw about 29 (26) ��m long. Mesothoracic legs: coxa about 84 (108) ��m long; trochanter + femur about 156 (151) ��m; tibia about 103 ��m; tarsus about 120 ��m; claw about 31 ��m long. Metathoracic legs: coxa about 96 (103) ��m long; trochanter + femur about 156 (175) ��m; femur shorter than tarsus, with 4 setae; tibia about 108 (110) ��m, tarsus about 132 (139) ��m; claw about 31 (36) ��m long. Meso- and metacoxae both with microspinules. Antenna 7 segmented, about 175 (192) ��m long, third segment longest, about 31 (31) ��m. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with 2 pairs of setae. Anal tube sclerotized. Observations. Usually, second-instar male Acanthococcus have macrotubular ducts and 7-segmented antennae, and second-instar females lack macrotubular ducts and have 6-segmented antennae (Miller et al. 1992, Hodgson & Trencheva 2008, Koz��r et al. 2008). Based on these characters, we consider our specimens to be like second instar males, although one of the second-stage nymphs has large, irregular pores on the metathoracic coxae, a character present in adult females. Distribution. Argentina, South American Transition Zone, Monte province. Etymology. The name riojensis refers to the province La Rioja, in Argentina, where the species was found., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on pages 46-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Kozar, F. & Konczne Benedicty, Z. (2008) Description of three new genera, five new species and some additional data on the taxonomy and distribution of Neotropic Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Bolletino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Series II, 40 (2), 117 - 144.","Miller, D., Liu, T. X. & Howell, J. O. (1992) A new species of Acanthococcus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from sundew (Drosera) with a key to the instars of Acanthococcus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 94 (4), 512 - 523.","Hodgson, C. & Trencheva, K. (2008) A new species of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) and redescriptions of Eriococcus roboris Goux and E. thymelaeae Newstead, with a key to the Eriococcus species on Quercus in the western Paleartic. Zootaxa, 1959, 1 - 38."]}

Hempelicoccus mendozae (Morrison) Eriococcus mendozae Morrison 1919: 69. Nidularia mendozae, Lindinger 1933: 116. Acanthococcus mendozae, Miller & Gimpel 1996: 602. Hempelicoccus mendozae, Koz��r & Konczn�� Benedicty 2008: 125. Material examined. Argentina. Mendoza, Desaguadero Norte (33��23'58" S, 67�� 9'33" W), on Prosopis sp., 10/ XII/1938, 1(3) (CALyT); Santiago del Estero, Caspi Corral (27��23'9" S, 63��32'11" W), on ���vinal��� Prosopis vinalillo, 23/X/1982, M.C.G. Willink col., 4 (10) (IFML); Termas de Rio Hondo (27��30'12" S, 64��51'38" W), 28/II/ 1996, on Acacia, Gonz��lez col., 2(6) (IFML); Tucum��n, Ruta 40, road near Santa Mar��a and Ruta 307 (26��35'54" S, 66��2'21" W), 5/XI/2003, M.C.G. Willink col., 1(1) (IFML). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with 4 or 5 groups of microtubular ducts of type A on dorsal surface; medial plate absent. Marginal setae differentiated from dorsal setae. Ventral surface without microtubular ducts; frontal lobes absent (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink 2009). Distribution. Argentina; Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province; South American Transition Zone, Monte province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Morrison, H. (1919) A Reporto on a Collection of Coccidae from Argentina with Descriptions of Apparently New Species (Hom.). Proceeding of the Entomological Society of Washingto n, 21, 63 - 91.","Lindinguer, L. (1933) Beitrage zur Knntnis der Schildlause. Entomoogischer Anzeiger, 13, 107 - 108.","Miller, D. R. & Gimpel, M. E. (1996) Nomenclatural changes in the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98 (3), 597 - 606.","Kozar, F. & Konczne Benedicty, Z. (2008) Description of three new genera, five new species and some additional data on the taxonomy and distribution of Neotropic Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Bolletino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Series II, 40 (2), 117 - 144.","Gonzalez, P. & Granara de Willink, M. C. (2009) Descripcion de dos especies nuevas de Eriococcus (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) y redescripcion de otras dos con grupos de microconductos de la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 68 (3 - 4), 301 - 315."]}

Hempelicoccus alba Gonz��lez Hempelicoccus alba Gonz��lez, in Gonz��lez et al. 2015: 2 ���3. Material examined. Holotype: Argentina, Santiago del Estero, Fern��ndez (27��55'27" S, 63��53'28" W), -/12/2013, on Prosopis alba, Riquelme, Santadino & Ansa cols. 1 (2) IFML. Paratypes: 2 (2) with same collection data (IFML). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with groups of microtubular ducts types A and B on both surfaces. Marginal setae undifferentiated from dorsal setae. Frontal lobes present; anal lobe with 3 or 4 dorsal setae (Gonz��lez et al. 2015). Observations. The samples came from a commercial ���carob��� nursery, where H. alba forms groups of 20���30 individuals without causing damage (Fig. 6���7). Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Gonzalez, P., Riquelme Virgala, M. B. & Ansa, A. (2015) Una especie nueva del genero Hempelicoccus Kozar (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) en la Argentina. Insecta Mundi, 458, 2 - 3."]}

Hempelicoccus leguminicola (Morrison) Eriococcus leguminicola Morrison 1919: 71 ���73; Miller & Gimpel 2000: 256. Nidularia leguminicola, Lindinger 1933: 116. Acanthococcus leguminicola, Miller & Gimpel 1996: 602. Hempelicoccus leguminicola, Koz��r & Konczn�� Benedicty 2008: 125. Type material. Cotype: Argentina, Misiones, Bompland (27��29'33" S, 55��27'43" W), on Caesalpinia sp., -/ VI/ 1910, Jorgensen col. #334b, 1(4) (USNM). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with 4 or 5 loose groups of microtubular ducts on dorsal surface; cruciform pores present along body margin. Marginal setae undifferentiated from dorsal setae. Ventral surface without enlarged conical setae; with numerous asymmetric macrotubular ducts; frontal lobes present; basal segment of labium with 1 pair of setae (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink 2009). Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Paran�� subregion, Paran�� Forestal province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Morrison, H. (1919) A Reporto on a Collection of Coccidae from Argentina with Descriptions of Apparently New Species (Hom.). Proceeding of the Entomological Society of Washingto n, 21, 63 - 91.","Miller, D. R. & Gimpel, M. E. (2000) A Systematic Catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Intercept Ltd., Andover, 589 pp.","Lindinguer, L. (1933) Beitrage zur Knntnis der Schildlause. Entomoogischer Anzeiger, 13, 107 - 108.","Miller, D. R. & Gimpel, M. E. (1996) Nomenclatural changes in the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98 (3), 597 - 606.","Kozar, F. & Konczne Benedicty, Z. (2008) Description of three new genera, five new species and some additional data on the taxonomy and distribution of Neotropic Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Bolletino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Series II, 40 (2), 117 - 144.","Gonzalez, P. & Granara de Willink, M. C. (2009) Descripcion de dos especies nuevas de Eriococcus (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) y redescripcion de otras dos con grupos de microconductos de la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 68 (3 - 4), 301 - 315."]}

Key to Eriococcidae of Argentina currently known of Fabaceae (Modified after Kozár & Konczné Benedicty 2008, González & Granara de Willink 2009; González et al. 2015, and Moreno et al. 2016). 1 Microtubular ducts both grouped and scattered............................................ (Hempelicoccus) … 2 - Microtubular ducts never grouped, only scattered.......................................... (Acanthococcus) … 7 2 Microtubular ducts in groups of 4–8, distributed on intersegmental lines.......... H. aromae Moreno, González & Claps - Microtubular ducts in groups of more than 8 microducts, distributed on segments................................. 3 3 Groups of microtubular ducts present on both surfaces....................................................... 4 - Groups of microtubular ducts present on dorsal surface only....................................................5 4 Quinquelocular pores extending towards margin from anterior spiracles; with 7-locular pores on abdomen; prothoracic coxae with microspinules......................................... H. tucumanensis (González & Granara de Willink) - Quinquelocular pores not extending towards margin from anterior spiracles, but restricted to near each spiracle; 7-locular pores absent; prothoracic coxae without microspinules............................................... H. alba González 5 Groups of microtubular ducts composed of both types A and B; dermis with reticulations...................................................................................... H. santiaguensis (González & Granara de Willink) - Groups of microtubular ducts composed of type A ducts only; dermis smooth..................................... 6 6 Groups of microtubular ducts loose; both symmetrical and asymmetrical macrotubular ducts present; marginal setae and enlarged ventral setae absent..................................................... H. leguminicola (Morrison) - Groups of microtubular ducts compact; only symmetrical macrotubular ducts present; marginal setae and enlarged ventral setae present..................................................................... H. mendozae (Morrison) 7 Each prothoracic tibia with 6 setae.............................................. A. gracielae González & Claps - Each prothoracic tibia with 4 or 5 setae................................................................... 8 8 Dorsal and marginal setae spinose; each metacoxa with about 70 pores............. A. siambonensis González & Nicosia - Dorsal and marginal setae conical; each metacoxa with 10–50 pores............................................ 9 9 Anal ring with 8 setae; frontal lobes present................................ A. haywardi Juarez & González sp. nov. - Anal ring with 6 setae; frontal lobes absent............................................................... 10 10 Medial plate present; each metacoxa with 15–20 pores distributed in small groups..................................................................................................... A. punctatae Juarez & González sp. nov. - Medial plate absent; each metacoxa with about 10 pores randomly distributed.... A. riojensis Juarez & González sp. nov.

Hempelicoccus tucumanensis (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink) Eriococcus tucumanensis Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink 2009: 310. Hempelicoccus tucumanensis, Hodgson & Miller 2010: 48. Material examined. Holotype: Argentina, Tucum��n, Raco, El Siamb��n (26��42'7" S, 65��26'49" W), -/ XI/1991, on Acacia sp., M.C.G. Willink col. 1 (1 adult female + 4 first-instar nymph) (IFML). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with each anal lobe with 4 dorsal setae and 2 ventral setae; microtubular ducts of types A and B present, in groups on both surfaces; medial plate present. Marginal setae undifferentiated from dorsal setae; ventral quinquelocular pores extending towards margin of anterior spiracles (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink 2009) Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Gonzalez, P. & Granara de Willink, M. C. (2009) Descripcion de dos especies nuevas de Eriococcus (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) y redescripcion de otras dos con grupos de microconductos de la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 68 (3 - 4), 301 - 315.","Hodgson, C. J. & Miller, D. R. (2010) A review of the eriococcid Genera (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of South America. Zootaxa, 2459, 1 - 101."]}

Acanthococcus riojensis Juárez & González sp. nov. Type material. Holotype: female located towards the right of the preparation, marked with a red circle. Argentina, La Rioja, road to Chilecito (29°13'21" S, 67°29'13" W), 28/IV/1991, on Acacia, M.C.G. Willink col., 1(2) (IFML). Paratypes: 1 (1+2 second-stage female nymphs, with same data as holotype slide) (IFML). Species diagnosis, adult female (Fig. 3). Dorsal setae conical and numerous; macrotubular ducts symmetrical; microtubular ducts of both types A and B present. Margin with single conical seta on each abdominal segment. Ventral surface with a line of small, conical setae in submargin; microtubular ducts of both types present, sparse; legs long and slender; metathoracic coxae with sparse pores. Description. Body of slide-mounted adult female oval, 1.59 (1.35–1.50) mm long, 0.80 (0.73–0.80) mm wide. Anal lobes enlarged, partially sclerotized, each about 98 (58) µm long, 49 (43) µm wide; dorsal surface with 3 conical setae: inner posterior seta about 43 (41) µm, inner anterior seta about 41(50) µm, outer seta about 24 (29) µm long; ventral surface with 2 flagellate setae, anterior about 65 (48) µm and posterior about 72 (84) µm long; apical setae each about 179 (177) µm long. Medial plate absent. Dorsal surface: with straight or slightly curved conical setae, each with slightly rounded apices; variable in size, each 19–53 (19–49) µm long, larger setae on margin and in lateral and medial longitudinal lines, latter reaching as far posteriorly as abdominal segment V. Smaller conical setae distributed over thoracic and abdominal surface and medially on segments VI, VII and VIII. Microspinules present medially on abdominal segments. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical, barely visible, each about 14 (14) µm long, 5 (5) µm wide. Microtubular ducts distributed over entire surface and on margin, of both types A and B present, type A most numerous. Anal ring with 6 setae, each 50–79 (62–89) µm long, with a single row of pores. Margin: with one conical seta on either side of each abdominal segment, each about 48 (36) µm long; setae undifferentiated from dorsal setae on thorax and cephalic region. Ventral surface: setae of three types present: flagellate setae, abundant over entire ventral surface, of variable length, each 36–72 µm, longest between antennae; straight conical setae, of similar size to those on dorsum, each 12–19 µm long, present along sub-margin; and small, marginal spinose setae, each 12–19 µm long, extending from cephalic region to about abdominal segment V. Suranal setae flagellate. Microspinules present medially on abdominal segments. Quinquelocular pores present on abdominal segments, each about 5 (5) µm diameter; also sparsely present near spiracles and antennal bases; trilocular pores restricted to near spiracles. Cruciform pores sparse submarginally on thoracic segments, extending posteriorly to abdominal segment IV. Macrotubular ducts sparse, each about 12 (12) µm long, 5 (5) µm wide. Microtubular ducts of both type A and B present, sparse on thorax and margin, absent elsewhere. Spiracles each about 48 (38) µm long, 24 (24) µm wide. Legs well developed, large but slender; all claws each with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules equal-sized. Prothoracic legs: coxa about 108 (108) µm long; trochanter + femur about 168 (144) µm; tibia about 100 (84) µm, with 5 setae; tarsus about 115 (108) µm; claw about 36 (31) µm long. Mesothoracic legs: coxa about 144 (72) µm long, with microspinules; trochanter + femur about 199 (156) µm; tibia about 125 (103) µm; tarsus about 132 (120) µm; claw about 36 (31) µm long. Metathoracic legs: coxa about 120 (103) µm long, with microspinules and about 10 irregularly-shaped pores; trochanter + femur about 211 (168) µm; femur with 4 setae, without pores; tibia about 139 (108) µm, with 4 setae; tarsus about 149 (103) µm; claw about 36 (36) µm long. Antenna about 205 (210) µm long, with 7 segments; third segment longest, without setae. Frontal lobes present, smaller than first antennal segment. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with two pairs of setae. Anal tube sclerotized. Comments. Acanthococcus riojensis sp. nov. resembles A. microspinus Kozár & Konczné Benedicty in the types of setae, the presence of frontal lobes and the presence of small medial setae on the posterior abdominal segments (Kozár & Konczné Benedicty 2008). However, the two species differ in that A. microspinus exhibits (character-states for A. riojensis in brackets); (i) larger dorsal setae, each 36–67 µm long (19–53 µm long); (ii) larger dorsal setae not forming longitudinal lines (forming longitudinal lines); (iii) only one type of microtubular duct (two types), and (iv) a 2-segmented labium (3 segmented). Second nymphal instar (considered to be male) (Fig. 4). Description. Body mounted on slide oval, 1.0 (1.0–1.2) mm long, 0.5 (0.5–0.97) mm wide. Anal lobes enlarged; dorsal surface with 3 conical setae: inner posterior seta about 36 (36) µm long, inner anterior seta about 36 (36) µm long and outer seta about 19 (24–29) µm long; ventral surface with two flagellate setae, anterior seta about 36 (53) µm, posterior seta about 53 (60) µm long; apical seta very long, about 168 (168) µm. Medial plate absent. Dorsal surface: setae conical, slender, straight or slightly curved, with slightly rounded apex, varying in size, each 12–36 (19–36) µm long, similar to or smaller than marginal setae, smallest setae present submarginally and interspersed amongst largest setae. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical, each about 14 (14) long, 5 (5) µm wide, very sparse and barely visible. Microtubular ducts of type B present on margin and dispersed sparsely throughout. Anal ring with 6 setae, each 67–80 (67–84) µm long, and a single row of pores. Margin: with one marginal seta on either side of each abdominal segment, similar in size to larger dorsal setae. Ventral surface: flagellate setae present throughout, each 12–53 (19–60) µm long. Straight conical setae present submarginally along entire margin, each 14–30 (19–36) µm long. Quinquelocular pores each about 5 (5) µm in diameter, and trilocular pores present on abdominal segments and near each spiracle. Cruciform pores sparse marginally on thoracic segments. Macrotubular ducts present sparsely near margin, each about 12 (12) µm long, 5 (5) µm wide. Microtubular ducts absent. Spiracles each about 43 (36) µm long and 26 (24) µm wide. Legs welldeveloped, long and slender; all claws each with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules equal-sized. Prothoracic legs: coxa about 96 (106) µm long; trochanter + femur about 124 (127) µm; tibia about 79 (94) µm, with five setae; tarsus about 100 (103) µm; claw about 29 (26) µm long. Mesothoracic legs: coxa about 84 (108) µm long; trochanter + femur about 156 (151) µm; tibia about 103 µm; tarsus about 120 µm; claw about 31 µm long. Metathoracic legs: coxa about 96 (103) µm long; trochanter + femur about 156 (175) µm; femur shorter than tarsus, with 4 setae; tibia about 108 (110) µm, tarsus about 132 (139) µm; claw about 31 (36) µm long. Meso- and metacoxae both with microspinules. Antenna 7 segmented, about 175 (192) µm long, third segment longest, about 31 (31) µm. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with 2 pairs of setae. Anal tube sclerotized. Observations. Usually, second-instar male Acanthococcus have macrotubular ducts and 7-segmented antennae, and second-instar females lack macrotubular ducts and have 6-segmented antennae (Miller et al. 1992, Hodgson & Trencheva 2008, Kozár et al. 2008). Based on these characters, we consider our specimens to be like second instar males, although one of the second-stage nymphs has large, irregular pores on the metathoracic coxae, a character present in adult females. Distribution. Argentina, South American Transition Zone, Monte province. Etymology. The name riojensis refers to the province La Rioja, in Argentina, where the species was found.

Key to Eriococcidae of Argentina currently known of Fabaceae (Modified after Koz��r & Konczn�� Benedicty 2008, Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink 2009; Gonz��lez et al. 2015, and Moreno et al. 2016). 1 Microtubular ducts both grouped and scattered............................................ (Hempelicoccus) ��� 2 - Microtubular ducts never grouped, only scattered.......................................... (Acanthococcus) ��� 7 2 Microtubular ducts in groups of 4���8, distributed on intersegmental lines.......... H. aromae Moreno, Gonz��lez & Claps - Microtubular ducts in groups of more than 8 microducts, distributed on segments................................. 3 3 Groups of microtubular ducts present on both surfaces....................................................... 4 - Groups of microtubular ducts present on dorsal surface only....................................................5 4 Quinquelocular pores extending towards margin from anterior spiracles; with 7-locular pores on abdomen; prothoracic coxae with microspinules......................................... H. tucumanensis (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink) - Quinquelocular pores not extending towards margin from anterior spiracles, but restricted to near each spiracle; 7-locular pores absent; prothoracic coxae without microspinules............................................... H. alba Gonz��lez 5 Groups of microtubular ducts composed of both types A and B; dermis with reticulations...................................................................................... H. santiaguensis (Gonz��lez & Granara de Willink) - Groups of microtubular ducts composed of type A ducts only; dermis smooth..................................... 6 6 Groups of microtubular ducts loose; both symmetrical and asymmetrical macrotubular ducts present; marginal setae and enlarged ventral setae absent..................................................... H. leguminicola (Morrison) - Groups of microtubular ducts compact; only symmetrical macrotubular ducts present; marginal setae and enlarged ventral setae present..................................................................... H. mendozae (Morrison) 7 Each prothoracic tibia with 6 setae.............................................. A. gracielae Gonz��lez & Claps - Each prothoracic tibia with 4 or 5 setae................................................................... 8 8 Dorsal and marginal setae spinose; each metacoxa with about 70 pores............. A. siambonensis Gonz��lez & Nicosia - Dorsal and marginal setae conical; each metacoxa with 10���50 pores............................................ 9 9 Anal ring with 8 setae; frontal lobes present................................ A. haywardi Juarez & Gonz��lez sp. nov. - Anal ring with 6 setae; frontal lobes absent............................................................... 10 10 Medial plate present; each metacoxa with 15���20 pores distributed in small groups..................................................................................................... A. punctatae Juarez & Gonz��lez sp. nov. - Medial plate absent; each metacoxa with about 10 pores randomly distributed.... A. riojensis Juarez & Gonz��lez sp. nov., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Kozar, F. & Konczne Benedicty, Z. (2008) Description of three new genera, five new species and some additional data on the taxonomy and distribution of Neotropic Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Bolletino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Series II, 40 (2), 117 - 144.","Gonzalez, P. & Granara de Willink, M. C. (2009) Descripcion de dos especies nuevas de Eriococcus (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) y redescripcion de otras dos con grupos de microconductos de la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 68 (3 - 4), 301 - 315.","Gonzalez, P., Riquelme Virgala, M. B. & Ansa, A. (2015) Una especie nueva del genero Hempelicoccus Kozar (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) en la Argentina. Insecta Mundi, 458, 2 - 3.","Moreno, D., Gonzalez, P & Claps, L. (2016) Revision taxonomica del genero Hempelicoccus Kozar (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Descripcion de una especie nueva. Insecta Mundi, 492, 1 - 9."]}

Acanthococcus punctatae Ju��rez & Gonz��lez sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Type material. Holotype: adult female located centrally on the slide, marked with a red circle. Argentina, Mendoza, Potrerillos surroundings (32��57'59" S, 69��14'45" W), on Zuccagnia punctata, -/ XI/1940, Ruiz Leal col., 1(9) (CALyT). Paratypes: the other 8 specimens on the holotype slide plus: same host, collector and locality data as holotype slide but dated -/ VI/1928, 1(4) (CALyT). Species diagnosis, adult female. Dorsal setae conical, variable in size, all smaller than marginal setae; medial plate present. Ventral surface with sparse quinquelocular pores; cruciform pores present; other types of dermal pores absent; translucent pores on metacoxae present in small groups; frontal lobes present. Description. Slide-mounted adult female body oval, about 1.7 (1.70���1.92) mm long, 1.18 (0.9���1.25) mm wide. Anal lobes membranous, but with a sclerotized bar along anterior and lateral part of outer margin; each about 60 (41���50) ��m long, 41 (42���43) ��m wide, with 3 dorsal conical setae of similar length, each about 36 (29) ��m, and 2 ventral flagellate setae: anterior seta about 48 (31) ��m long, posterior seta about 24 (36) ��m long; apical setae about 162 (149���152) ��m; medial plate present, triangular. Dorsal surface: setae narrow and conical, each with a slightly rounded apex, variable in size, each 8���27 (7���19) ��m long, smaller than marginal setae, scattered; largest in cephalic region and in lateral areas of thorax, smaller on abdomen. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical, each about 5 (5) ��m wide, 20 (20) ��m long; internal ductule with a terminal gland, abundant on margin and sub-margin of abdomen, less abundant on thorax. Microtubular ducts sparse, of type B. Anal ring with six setae and a single row of pores. Margin: with two conical setae on each abdominal segment, each with a slightly rounded apex; variable in size, largest 29���40 (43���54) ��m long, smallest 12���19 (19���27) ��m long; larger setae distributed regularly along margin of thorax and cephalic region. Ventral surface: setae of 2 types present: flagellate setae, each about 36 (36) ��m long, numerous, with 10���12 setae in a line across each abdominal segment and also present medially in thoracic and cephalic regions; enlarged setae, each about 24 (24) ��m long, present along body margin singly on each segment. Suranal seta flagellate, each about 51 (70) ��m long. Macrotubular ducts abundant, each about 24 (24) ��m long and 5 (5) ��m wide, some on abdominal segments narrower, each about 2 (2) ��m wide. Microtubular ducts absent. Quinquelocular pores, each about 5 (5) ��m diameter, present close to spiracles and sparsely throughout abdomen. Cruciform pores present on margins of thoracic and cephalic regions. Other types of pores absent. Spiracles each about 41 (19���29) ��m long, 24 (5���10) ��m wide. Legs well developed; all claws each with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules equal-sized. Prothoracic legs: each coxa about 72 (36) ��m long; trochanter + femur about 125 (72) ��m; tibia about 67 (38) ��m, with 5 setae; tarsus about 84 (60) ��m; claw about 24 (22) ��m long. Mesothoracic legs: each coxa about 82 (41) ��m long, with microspinules; trochanter + femur about 137 (77) ��m; tibia about 79 (48) ��m; tarsus about 96 (67) ��m; claw about 48 (24) ��m long. Metathoracic legs: each coxa about 84 (41) ��m long, with microspinules and with 15��� 20 pores distributed in small groups; trochanter + femur about 149 (84) ��m; femur with 5 setae; tibia about 84 (48) ��m, with 4 setae; tarsus about 103 (96) ��m; claw about 24 (24) ��m long. Antennae each about 206 (195) ��m long, with 7 segments, third segment longest, about 24 (24���31) ��m long, without setae. Frontal lobes present. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with 2 pairs of setae. Anal tube not sclerotized. Observations. The specimens seen in this study were identified by Lizer y Trelles as Eriococcus diversispinus (Leonardi), but we did not find the type material of this species in either of the collections studied, nor did Miller & Gimpel (2000), who wrote: ���Notes: According to S. Marotta (personal communication, June 5, 1996) ���I have not found any specimens, on slide or dried, of Eriococcus diversispinus ��� ���. In addition, there is no depository cited for the type specimens in the original description. Miller & Gimpel (2000) cite Mendoza, Luj��n, Los Papagallos, as the type locality of E. diversispinus, but in the study of Leonardi (1911), the type locality is given as Cacheuta, Mendoza. The original description of E. diversispinus by Leonardi (1911) is very poor, and the type locality of A. punctatae sp. nov. is not the same as that cited by Leonardi (1911) or by Miller & Gimpel (2000). In order to avoid further confusion, we have opted to describe this species as new. Distribution. Argentina; South American Transition Zone, Monte Province. Comments. Adult female A. punctatae sp. nov. resemble those of A. perplexus Hempel. Both species have pores on the metacoxae distributed in small groups, the same type of dorsal setae, and both lack a sclerotized anal tube. They differ in that A. perplexus has (character-states for A. punctatae in brackets): (i) large dorsal conical setae throughout the entire surface (restricted to cephalic region and lateral areas of thorax), (ii) two types of microtubular ducts (of type B only), and (iii) no frontal lobes (frontal lobes present). According to their respective descriptions, A. diversispinus and A. punctatae sp. nov. are found on the same host, and (i) have a similar oval body shape, (ii) the same conical-shaped dorsal setae, and (iii) both have two enlarged setae along the margin of each abdominal segment. However, A. diversispinus has six-segmented antennae, an anal ring with eight setae and anal lobes each with three ventral setae, whereas A. punctatae sp. nov. has seven-segmented antennae, an anal ring with six setae and anal lobes each with two ventral setae. Etymology. The name of this species refers to the specific epithet of the host plant, Zuccagnia punctata., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on pages 44-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Miller, D. R. & Gimpel, M. E. (2000) A Systematic Catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Intercept Ltd., Andover, 589 pp.","Leonardi, G. (1911) Contributo alla Conoscenza delle Cocciniglie della Repubblica Argentina. Bolletino Della Real Scuola Uppere di Agricoltura Portici, Series 2, 10, 3 - 50."]}

Acanthococcus haywardi Ju��rez & Gonz��lez sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Type material. Holotype: adult female placed towards the right of the slide, marked with a red circle. Argentina, Santiago del Estero, Park (27��46'54" S, 64��15'2" W), on Acacia caven, -/ XI/1943, Hayward col. 1(2) (IFML). Species diagnosis, adult female. Dorsal setae each conical with an acute apex; macrotubular ducts symmetrical and very large. Margin with 2 setae on each abdominal segment and on metathorax. Ventral surface with enlarged conical setae absent; microtubular ducts absent; quinquelocular, trilocular and cruciform pores sparse; metathoracic coxa with about 50 pores; metathoracic tibia with 4 setae and prothoracic tibia with 5 setae. Description. Slide-mounted adult female: body oval, 1.20 (1.10) mm long, 0.80 (0.88) mm wide. Anal lobes elongated, each 62 (60) ��m long, 45 (43) ��m wide, with 3 dorsal conical setae of different lengths: anterior inner seta 31 ��m, posterior inner seta 52 ��m and outer seta 38 ��m long; each lobe also with two flagellate ventral setae, anterior seta 22 ��m and posterior seta 31 ��m long (setae not visible on paratype specimen). Medial plate absent. Dorsal surface: conical setae each straight or slightly curved with an acute apex, smaller than those on margin, sizes varying from 15���35 (17���31) ��m long, larger setae located in cephalic region and smaller setae in lines one or two wide, parallel to intersegmental lines; present over entire surface. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical and very long, each about 34 (29) ��m long, 5 (5) ��m wide, distributed throughout. Microtubular ducts of both type A and B present, sparse, scattered throughout. Anal ring with 8 setae, each about 72 (72) ��m long, plus a single row of pores. Margin: conical setae present around entire margin, with two setae of different sizes on each abdominal segment and on metathorax, longer seta 34���42 (30���41) ��m long, and shorter seta about 23 (18���22) ��m long. Ventral surface: with numerous long, narrow flagellate setae of varying lengths, each 38���72 (36���96) ��m long, present on abdominal segments and on medial area of thorax; largest setae located on cephalic region. Enlarged conical setae absent. Suranal setae flagellate, each 48���60 (46���50) ��m long. Macrotubular ducts symmetrical, narrow and very long, each about 29 (24) ��m long and 5 (5) ��m wide, scattered over entire surface; ducts on abdominal segments narrower. Microtubular ducts absent. Quinquelocular pores, each about 5 (5) ��m diameter, present close to spiracles and sparse across all abdominal segments. Trilocular pores restricted to near spiracles. Cruciform pores sparse, present marginally in cephalic and thoracic regions. Spiracles each about 60 (46) ��m long, 28 (14) ��m wide. Legs well developed, large in relation to body size; claws each with a denticle; claw and tarsal digitules of equal size, narrow and with slightly expanded apices. Prothoracic legs: coxae each about 113 (120) ��m long; trochanter + femur each about 180 (168) ��m; tibia each about 91 (91) ��m, with 5 setae; tarsi each about 108 (106) ��m; claw about 29 (29) long. Mesothoracic legs: coxae each about 120 (120) ��m long, with microspinules; trochanter + femur about 180 (187) ��m long; tibia about 120 (120) ��m long; tarsi each about 132 (120) ��m; claw about 38 (38) ��m long. Metathoracic legs: coxae each about 136 (127) ��m long, with microspinules and with about 50 irregularly-shaped pores; trochanter + femur about 191 (186) ��m; femur with 5 setae and 10���12 marginal pores; tibia about 132 (98) ��m long with 4 setae; tarsi each about 140 (108) ��m; claw about 24 (24) ��m long. Antennae each about 196 (166) ��m long, with 7 segments, third segment longest, about 48 (48) ��m long, without setae. Frontal lobes absent. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with 2 pairs of setae. Anal tube sclerotized. Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region; Chaco subregion; Chaco province. Comments. The adult female of A. haywardi Juarez & Gonz��lez sp. nov. resembles that of A. dubius (Cockerell), but differs in that the latter species has (character-states for A. haywardi in brackets): (i) five setae on the metathoracic tibiae (four); (ii) six setae on the prothoracic tibiae (five); (iii) dorsal setae arranged in longitudinal bands (in lines parallel to intersegmental lines); (iv) one type of microtubular ducts (two types); (v) several cruciform pores on the abdomen (absent); (vi) ventral conical setae present (absent), and (vii) that it lacks a sclerotized anal tube (anal tube present). Although A. dubius, which has been recently found in Brasil on Calliandra sp. and in Venezuela on Prosopis sp. (Foldi & Koz��r 2007), is a highly variable species, the above combination of character-states is considered to be sufficient to separate the two species. Etymology. The name of the species is dedicated to Kenneth Hayward, British entomologist, who worked in Argentina in the 20th century and is internationally recognized for his contribution to agricultural entomology., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Foldi, I. & Kozar, F. (2007) New species and new records of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from South America. Zootaxa, 1573, 51 - 64."]}

Acanthococcus gracielae Gonz��lez & Claps Acanthococcus gracielae Gonz��lez & Claps 2011: 267 ���268. Material examined. Holotype: Argentina, Salta, R��o Colorado (24��48'0��� S, 62��27'0��� W), unknown host, 6/XI/ 1993, M.C.G. Willink col. (IFML). Paratypes: 3 adult females with the same data as the holotype. Additional material examined. Argentina, Tucum��n, San Miguel de Tucum��n (26�� 49��� 0��� S, 65�� 13��� 0��� W), on ���tatan����� Chloroleucon tenuiflorum, -/5/2015, Claps & Moreno col., 2(5); on ���churqui��� Acacia caven, same date and collector, 2(4) (IFML). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with abundant dorsal conical setae in transverse lines on abdominal and thoracic segments; symmetrical macrotubular ducts; numerous microtubular ducts of type B on both surfaces; marginal setae undifferentiated from dorsal setae; metacoxa each with approximately 50 pores, 30 on dorsal surface and 20 on ventral surface; anal lobes with 2 ventral setae (Gonz��lez & Claps 2011). Observations. Severe attacks have been noted on urban trees of Chloroleucon tenuiflorum (Fig. 5), an unusual phenomenon among eriococcids in Argentina. Such attacks can damage hosts. Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco province., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749, {"references":["Gonzalez, P. & Claps, L. E. (2011) Redescripcion de una especie y descripcion de dos especies nuevas de Acanthococcus Signoret (Hemiptera, Eriococcidae) de la region Neotropical. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55 (2), 206 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000020"]}

Acanthococcus siambonensis Gonz��lez & Nicosia Acanthococcus siambonensis Gonz��lez & Nicosia 2014: 4 ���6. Material examined. Holotype: Adult female. Argentina, Tucum��n, Raco, El Siamb��n (26��42'13" S, 65��26'33" W), on Acacia sp., XI/1991, Willink col. 1(1) (IFML). Paratypes: 4 (8 + 1 second-stage nymph (undetermined sex), with same collection data (IFML). Additional material examined. Argentina, Tucum��n, Burruyac��, Piedra Tendida (26��26'27" S, 64��55'34" W), on Acacia aroma, 19/VIII/1989, M.C.G. Willink col., 3(5) (IFML). Entre R��os, Federal, 1 km of Arroyo Federal Chico (30��58'14" S, 58��50'15" W), on Acacia caven, 1/XI/1998, L. Claps col. 4(9) (IFML). Diagnosis. Slide-mounted adult female with dorsal surface with spinose setae; cruciform pores present in cephalic and thoracic regions. Margin with 1seta on either side of each abdominal segment. Ventral surface with flagellate and enlarged spinose setae; cruciform pores abundant along entire margin and submargin; multilocular pores, each with 7 loculi, present on abdomen; metacoxa with approximately 70 pores on both surfaces (Gonz��lez & Nicosia 2014). Distribution. Argentina, Neotropical region, Chaco subregion, Chaco and Pampa provinces., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Patricia, Claps, Luc��a E., Ju��rez, Andrea & Moreno, Diego, 2017, Review of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) infesting Fabaceae in Argentina, with descriptions of three new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, pp. 41-57 in Zootaxa 4232 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/292749

Moreno, Diego J., González, Patricia, Claps, Lucía E. (2016): Revisión taxonómica del género Hempelicoccus Kozár (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) con descripción de una especie nueva. Insecta Mundi 2016 (492): 1-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5170637, {"references":["Cockerell, T. D. 1900. Notas sobre Coccidas brazileiras. Revista do Museu Paulista. Sao Paulo 4: 363-364.","Cook, L. G., y P. J. Gullan. 2004. The gall-inducing habit has evolved multiple times among the eriococcid scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 83: 441-452.","Foldi, I., y F. Kozar. 2007. New species and new records of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Coccoide, Eriococcidae) from South America. Zootaxa 1573: 51-64.","Garcia Morales, M., B. D. Denno, D. R. Miller, G. L. Miller, Y. Ben-Dov, y N. B. Hardy. 2016. ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. doi: 10.1093/ database/bav118. (Available at ~ http://scalenet.info . Ultimo acceso 5 Abril 2016.","Gonzalez, P. 2008. Two new species of Eriococcus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from the Andino Patagonica region of Argentina, with a key to the Eriococcus species of that region. Zootaxa 1899: 50-56.","Gonzalez, P. 2014. Eriococcidae. p. 351-359. En: S. Roig-Junent, L. E. Claps, y J. J. Morrone (eds.). Biodiversidad de Artropodos Argentinos vol. 3. INSUE UNT.","Gonzalez, P., y M. C. Granara de Willink. 2009. Descripcion de dos especies nuevas de Eriococcus (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) y redescripcion de otras dos con grupos de microconductos de la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 68 (3-4): 301-315.","Gonzalez, P., M. B. Riquelme Virgala, y A. Ansa. 2015. Una especie nueva del genero Hempelicoccus Kozar (Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) en la Argentina. Insecta Mundi 0458: 1-6.","Hodgson, C. J., y D. R. Miller. 2010. A review of the Eriococcid Genera (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of South America. Zootaxa 2459: 1-101.","Kozar, F., y Z. Konczne Benedicty. 2008. Description of three genera, five new species and some additional data on the taxonomy and distribution of Neotropic Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Bolletino di Zoologia Agrarian di Bachicultura Ser. II, 40 (2): 1-8.","Lindinger, L. 1933. Beitrag Beitrage zur Knntnis der Schildlause (Hemip., Homopt., Coccid.). Entomologischer Anzeiger 13: 77-166.","Lizer y Trelles, C. A. 1939. Catalogo sistematico razonado de los coccidos (Homoptera: Sternorrhyncha) vernaculos de la Argentina. Physis XVII: 157-210.","Miller, D. R., y M. E. Gimpel. 1996. Nomenclatural changes in the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 597-606.","Miller, D. R., y M. E. Gimpel. 2000. A Systematic Catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the world. Intercept Ltd.; Andover. 589 p.","Morrison, H. 1919. A Report on a Collection of Coccidae from Arqentina with Descriptions of Apparently New Species (Hom.). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 21: 63-91.","Morrone, J. J. 2004. Panbiogeografia, componentes bioticos y zonas de transicion. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 48 (2): 149-162.","Morrone, J. J. 2006. Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna. Annual Review of Entomology 51: 467-494.","Received April 8, 2016; Accepted May 4, 2016."]}

Hempelicoccus aromae sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis: Superficie dorsal con microconductos de tipo A y B dispuestos en grupos de 4 – 8, mediolaterales en líneas intersegmentales en mesotórax, metatórax y en los segmentos abdominales I y II; lóbulos anales con tres setas dorsales cónicas y dos ventrales flageladas. Material tipo: Se designó Holotipo a la hembra ubicada en la parte superior izquierda del preparado, señalada con un círculo rojo. Argentina, Córdoba, San Marcos Sierra (30º47’055”S; 64º38’4”O), sobre Acacia aroma (tusca) (Fabaceae), sin fecha de recolección, Molina col. 1(6) (CALyT). Paratipos: los cinco ejemplares que acompañan al holotipo.

Hempelicoccus aromae sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis: Superficie dorsal con microconductos de tipo A y B dispuestos en grupos de 4 – 8, mediolaterales en líneas intersegmentales en mesotórax, metatórax y en los segmentos abdominales I y II; lóbulos anales con tres setas dorsales cónicas y dos ventrales flageladas. Material tipo: Se designó Holotipo a la hembra ubicada en la parte superior izquierda del preparado, señalada con un círculo rojo. Argentina, Córdoba, San Marcos Sierra (30º47’055”S; 64º38’4”O), sobre Acacia aroma (tusca) (Fabaceae), sin fecha de recolección, Molina col. 1(6) (CALyT). Paratipos: los cinco ejemplares que acompañan al holotipo., Published as part of Moreno, Diego J., González, Patricia & Claps, Lucía E., 2016, Revisión taxonómica del género Hempelicoccus Kozár (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) con descripción de una especie nueva, pp. 1-9 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (492) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170637

First record of Martesia fragilis (Bivalvia, Pholadidae) in the Iberian Peninsula [short note]

Berries are important dietary sources of fiber and micronutrients which are essential to health, but also contain a vast number of other phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, which may have marked bioactivities in mammalian cells of potential health benefit. It has been reported that bilberry consumption participates in disease prevention and promotes human health due to biomedical activities on conditions such cardiovascular disorders, advancing age-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and diverse degenerative diseases. Although these fruits can be eaten fresh, they are more usually processed. Juice processing of bilberries generates large amounts of pomace - a byproduct which still contains an assortment of beneficial phytochemicals suitable for the development of novel functional food ingredients. In this study characterization of polyphenols in bilberry pomace was evaluated. Identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids was performed using HPLC/UV-Vis method. For anthocyanin characterization HPLC/UV-Vis and mass spectrometry was performed. Results indicated that the most abundant phenolic compounds in bilberry pomace were anthocyanins. Ten anthocyanin compounds were detected, consisting of cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, malvidin and peonidin glycosides, where petunidin 3-galactoside is the most dominant compound in bilberry pomace (627.65 mg/100 g pomace). Beside anthocyanins, five phenolic acids and three flavonoids were found in bilberry pomace. Protocatechuic acid (406.72 mg/100 g pomace) and rutin (27.20 mg/100 g pomace) were dominant representatives of these classes of polyphenols. Our study indicates that bilberry juice production byproducts possess a good potential for further industrial use as a rich source of polyphenols as bioactive compounds and natural colourants (mainly anthocyanins).

The species of the genus Gibberula from the Cape Verde islands are reviewed. There are at least four species, three previously described: Gibberula lucia Jousseaume, 1877, G. rauli Fernandes, 1987 and G. rolani Cossignani and Cecalupo, 2005, and one new species, G. elvirae n. sp. is here described. Gibberula rachmaninovi Kellner, 2003, is considered here as a synonym of Volvarina sauliae (Sowerby, 1846).

A redescription is given for the species of the genus Bittium Gray, 1847 which is one of the most abundant components of the zoobenthos on rocky shores of the Azores. The species has been confused by almost all authors with the European species B. reticulatum (da Costa, 1778) or B. latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826) but differs enough to be considered a species endemic to the archipelago. It is proposed to use for this species the binomen Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864), a forgotten but nomenclaturally valid name based on fossils of a terrace of Pleistocene age in Prainha, Island of Santa Maria. This name (first introduced in the binomen Cerithiopsis nana Mayer, 1864) is a primary homonym of Cerithiopsis tubercularis var. nana Jeffreys, 1867, which should be renamed or better described anew.

The distribution of Theba subdentata helicella (Wood, 1828) in the Eastern part of the Almería Bay is studied. This paper confirms the existence of rich populations of T. s. helicella inhabiting the lowlands close to the sea, never reaching the surrounding mountains. Information on the habitat, shell and genital system variability is provided. The shells show a characteristically depressed and sharply keeled shape, and are usually white or with a light brown to orange spiral band near the carina in all populations except in Amoladeras watercourse (inside the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park). In this locality there is a gradation from the typical form to almost globular specimens with a very slight keel, nearly wanting, only visible on the last half of the body whorl near the aperture, similar to T. s. dehnei (Rossmässler, 1846) from Morocco. These shells show basal bands or blotches that remind those of Theba pisana pisana (O.F. Müller, 1774) or T. s. dehnei. The genital system of the Amoladeras population is compared with those described for T. s. helicella y T. s. dehnei from Morocco, confirming that it shares more characters with the first subespecies. A discriminant function analysis of shells characters measurements of two populations of T. s. helicella and T. p. pisana allowed to discard the hypotesis of an hybrid origin of the globose specimens. Data on the presence and habitat of other gastropod species living with T. s. helicella in the study area are provided.

Data on the molluscs collected since 1980 in the area of Alboran island (Western Mediterranean) are presented. The bathymetric range covered in this study ranges from the supralittoral level down to the upper bathyal (about 450 m deep). A description of the benthic communities of this area is given. As a result of this work, 655 species of molluscs have been found in the material studied (1 solenogastre, 12 polyplacophorans, 494 gastropods, 136 bivalves, 1 scaphopod and 11 cephalopods). 646 of these species have been identified to the species level, 8 of them have been described as new (belonging to the genera Parviturbo, Bittium, Cerithiopsis, Curveulima, Setia, Alvania, Eulimella and Odostomia), and the remaining 9 have been only identified to the generic level. Cerithiopsis perlata and Anidolyta duebeni are recorded for the first time on the Spanish coasts, Anatoma crispata, Cosmotriphora melanura, Epitonium brevissimum and Eulima fuscozonata have been found for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, and 33 other species are recorded for the first time on the Spanish Mediterranean coasts. Epitonium brevissimum, only known hitherto from the Pliocene, has been found (probably Recent) in the Mediterranean and offW. Britain. The genus Houartiella Smriglio, Mariottini and Bonfitto, 1997 is considered a junior synonym of Trophonopsis Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Dollfus, 1882, Coralliophila alboranensis Smriglio and Mariottini, 2003 is considered a junior synonym of Coralliophila brevis (Blainville, 1832) and Eulimella verduini van Aarsten, Gittenberger and Goud, 1998 is considered a junior synonym of Eulimella neoattenuata Gaglini, 1992. Besides, some comments on nearly 90 species are given and most of them are illustrated with scanning microscopy micrographs. Colour photographs of living specimens of some species are also presented.

A study on the community of Ervilia castanea has been done. This species, considered scarce in European seas, covers large extensions of sea bottoms in coarse sand from Cabo de Gata (Almería) and other localities of the Almería and Granada provinces. Granulometry and organic content of sediment has been studied. A list of species found in the coarse sand bottoms with E. castanea is also included

Twenty six species of benthic opisthobranchs previously unknown from the coast of Almería or Granada (SE Spain) are recorded in this area. The material studied and habitat are provided for each species. Comments on the taxonomic identity, details of the internal anatomy, and biological data are given for some species. From these twenty six species, one of them (Philine angulata) is recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula, another one (Dicata odhneri) is recorded for the first time in the Spanish coasts, three (Tambja ceutae, Roboastra europea and Berghia columbina) for the entire Mediterranean Sea, and other one (Okenia mediterranea) for the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The record of Aegires palensis is the first one of this species after its original description.

At present, it is commonly accepted that the taxa Nassarius costulatus (Brocchi, 1814), N. ferussaci (Payraudeau, 1826), N. cuvierii (Payraudeau, 1826), N. unifasciatus (Kiener, 1835), and others belong to a single species, very common and variable. However, we have concluded that a species complex exist, because at least two different species of this complex are present in the coasts of SE Spain, N. cuvierii and N. unifasciatus. The protoconch, teleoconch, head-foot characters, radula, egg capsules and type of larval development have been studied. The main differences between both species are the size of the shell, the protoconch and, specially, the egg capsules. A neotype of N. cuvierii has been designated.