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Microtendipes confinis (Meigen, 1830): Eregli, (Reiss 1985).

Microtendipes chloris (Meigen, 1818): Meriç and Ergene Rivers River (Özkan & Elipek 2006), Edirne region (Özkan & Kırgız 1995), Büyük Menderes River (Dügel & Kazancı 2004), Blacksea region (Gültutan & Kazancı 2009), Thrace region (Özkan 2006a), Gökçeada (Özkan 2006c), Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions streams and lakes (Şahin 1984), Çanakkale region (Özkan 2007), Kapıdağ Peninsula (Özkan 2012b), Kırklareli province (Aydın & Güher 2017), Thrace region (Özkan 2010a), Marmara Island (Özkan 2010b), Thrace, Sazlıdere stream (Özkan & Çamur-Elipek 2007), Eastern Blacksea region (Gültutan & Kazancı 2010).

Microtendipes Kieffer, 1915 ? Microtendipes n. sp. (prope umbrosus): Sat Mountain (Hakkari), (Reiss 1985). Note: Species inquirenda .

Microtendipes tarsalis (Walker, 1856): Edirne region (Özkan & Kırgız 1995; Özkan 2010a), Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions streams and lakes (Şahin 1984).

Microtendipes pedellus (De Geer, 1776): Kartal Lake (Akyıldız & Duran 2012; Taşdemir & Ustaoğlu 2016), Marmara, Aegean, Sakarya river systems (Şahin 1987c), Yuvarlakçay Creek (Köyceğiz, Muğla) (Taşdemir et al. 2010a).

Kribiodosis Kieffer, 1921, an African genus of Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae), is newly recorded from the Oriental region through a new species K. cantonensis sp. n. Detailed descriptions of the male, female and a DNA barcode are provided. With the inclusion of the new species bearing scutal tubercle and fused tibial comb, the generic diagnosis needs revision and expansion. The phylogenetic position of Kribiodosis within the tribe Chironomini is explored based on five concatenated genetic makers (18S, 28S, CAD1, CAD4 and COI-3P) using both mixed-model Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. Kribiodosis is placed as a core member of the Microtendipes group but its precise sister group remains unclear. Inclusion of the analysis of Nilodosis Kieffer, another Chironomini genus with an African-Oriental distribution, reveals an unexpected robust position as sister to a large and diverse inclusive group of many Chironomini.

Microtendipes pedellus - type (Fig. 86) Mentum with trifid, weakly pigmented median tooth (the central one is very small, almost invisible), premandible with 3 teeth., Published as part of Chamutiov��, T��mea, Hamerl��k, Ladislav & Bitu����k, Peter, 2020, Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide, pp. 216-264 in Zootaxa 4819 (2) on page 253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4396828

Microtendipes umbrosus Freeman (Figures 1, 5A) Microtendipes umbrosus Freeman, 1955:32; Freeman 1961: 720. Microtendipes tamaogouti Sasa, 1983: 7. Syn. nov. Microtendipes shounagasaki Sasa, 1989a: 30. Syn. nov. Microtendipes kamoprimus Sasa, 1989b: 62. Syn. nov. Microtendipes amamihosoides Sasa, 1990: 116. Syn. nov. Microtendipes hibaraquintus Sasa, 1993: 75. Syn. nov. Microtendipes tokarafegeus Sasa & Suzuki, 1995: 263. Syn. nov. Microtendipes simantofegeus Sasa, Suzuki & Sakai, 1998: 53. Syn. nov. Microtendipes simantogeheus Sasa, Suzuki & Sakai, 1998: 54. Syn. nov. Microtendipes tusimabeceus Sasa & Suzuki, 1999: 4. Syn. nov. Microtendipes tusimacedeus Sasa & Suzuki, 1999: 5. Syn. nov. Microtendipes sakhalinensis Zorina, 2001: 35. Syn. nov. Material examined. Syntypes of Microtendipes tamaogouti, 10 M, 8 F (NSMT-I-Dip 56 69���5680), labelled, ��� No. 67: 51���62���, respectively, JAPAN: Tokyo, Okutama, Tama River, 12.vi.1981. Holotype of Microtendipes shounagasaki, M (NSMT-I-Dip 4639), labelled, ��� No. 152: 47���, JAPAN: Toyama, Shou River, 25.viii.1988. Holotype of Microtendipes kamoprimus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 4 660), labelled, ��� No. 163: 1���, JAPAN: Kyoto, Kamo River, 12.x.1988. Holotype of Microtendipes amamihosoides, M (NSMT-I-Dip 4686), labelled, ��� No. 178: 96���, JAPAN: Kagoshima, Amami Island, Yakkachi River, 18.iii.1989 (emerged 10.iv.1989). Holotype of Microtendipes hibaraquintus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 4843), labelled, ��� No. 223: 36���, JAPAN: Fukushima, Kitashiobara, Lake Hibara, 6.viii.1991. Holotype of Microtendipes tokarafegeus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 5011), labelled, ��� No. 290: 15���, JAPAN: Kagoshima, Nakanoshima Island, 20.v.1994. Holotype of Microtendipes simantofegeus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 5199), labelled, ��� No. 358: 47���, JAPAN: Kochi, Nakamura, Shimanto River, 26.iv.1998. Holotype of Microtendipes simantogeheus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 5202), labelled, ��� No. 358: 53���, JAPAN: Kochi, Nakamura, Shimanto River, 26.iv.1998. Holotype of Microtendipes tusimabeceus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 5140), labelled, ��� No. 353: 69���, JAPAN: Nagasaki, Tsushima Island, Uchiyama, Izuhara, 24.iii.1998; Holotype of Microtendipes tusimacedeus, M (NSMT- I-Dip 5139), labelled, ��� No. 353: 68���, JAPAN: Nagasaki, Tsushima Island, Uchiyama, Izuhara, 24.iii.1998. Paratype of Microtendipes ginzanefeus, M (NSMT), labelled, ��� No. 403: 46���, JAPAN: Hokkaido, Mt. Ginzan, 2.ix.2000. Non-types. Le / Pe /M (SUM), JAPAN: Fukushima, Hirono, Asami River, 15.viii.2001 (emerged 30.viii.2001); M (SUM), Fukushima, Iwaki, Yaguki, 15.vii.2012 (emerged 30.vii.2012); M, L (SUM), Tochigi, Ichikai, Miage, 1.ix.1989 (emerged 10.ix.1989); Pe /M (SUM), Kanagawa, Kiyokawa, Miyagase, 23.ii.1994 (emerged 27.iii.1994); Le/Pe/M (SUM), as previous except 26.v.1996 (emerged 26.vi.1996); 2 M (SUM), Shizuoka, Sunto, Shimizu-cho, Kakita River, 3.iii.1985; 2 Le / Pe /F, 2 L (SUM), Shizuoka, Shimizu, Yanbara River, 3.iii.1985 (emerged 10.v.1985); Pe/M (SUM), as previous except 3.iv.1985 (emerged 8.iv.1985); 3 M, Le/Pe/M, 3 F, 3 Le/F, 13 Pe, 4Le, 13L (SUM), as previous except 16.vi.1985 (emerged 19���30.vi.1985); Pe /M (SUM), Shizuoka, Shimizu, Ihara River, 12.ix.1988 (emerged 20.ix.1988); Pe /M (SUM), Shizuoka, Kujiragaike, 19.xi.1987 (emerged 25.xi.1987); 2 L (SUM), Shizuoka, Kakegawa, Osuka-cho, 14.i.1989; 2 L (SUM), as previous except 27.i.1989; Pe/M, Pe/F (SUM), as previous except 11.iii.1989 (emerged 16.iii.1989); 4 Le / Pe /M (EJNU), CHINA: Guangdong, Guangzhou, Bage villa, 20.iii.2015 (emerged 1.v.2015); 4 M (EJNU), as previous except 29.xi.2015; Pe /M (EJNU), Hainan, Wuzhi Mt., 3.xii.2011; 3 M, 4 Pe (EJNU), Yunnan, Honghe, Jinping County, Maandi Town, 8.vi.2017; 2 M, 4 Pe (EJNU), Yunnan, Pu���er, Ximeng County, 20.i.2015; 2 M (EJNU), Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, 9.viii.2014; Pe, M (EJNU), Zhejiang, Xiangshan County, 15.vi.2017. Description. Male (n = 15). Total length 3.7���5.6, 4.6 mm. Coloration. Thorax brown with 3 scutal vittae, anepisternum II, preepisternum and postnotum darkened. Abdomen green with dark segments VII���IX. Wing (Figure 1A) with faint cloud around RM and FCu or more extensively, occasionally on apical half. Foreleg yellow with dark markings; femur dark brown on middle and apex; tibia variable in extent of brown areas, darkened only on both ends or along its entire length; occasionally ta1 broadly darkened basally. Mid and hind legs yellow with darkened knees. Head. Temporals 14���24, 20 (13), uniserial, partially biserial. Frontal tubercles absent. AR 1.7���2.1, 2.0. Clypeus trapezoid with 27���42, 32 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1���5 (��m): 60���75, 67 (13); 55���70, 64 (13); 260��� 325, 291 (13); 275���335, 298 (13); 330���460, 388 (13), respectively. Pm4/Pm3 0.97���1.1, 1.0 (13); Pm5/Pm4 1.1���1.4, 1.3 (13). Pm3 apically with 4���6, 5 sensilla clavata, longest 18���23, 20 ��m long. Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 3���8, 5; acrostichals 5���12, 8, concentrated at apex of scutum; dorsocentrals 12��� 18, 15, uniserial, occasionally biserial anteriorly; prealars 3���8, 4, uniserial; scutellars 24���35, 28. Wing. Length 2.5���3.6, 3.0 (11) mm. VR 1.1���1.2, 1.1 (11). Vein R2+3 ending close to apex of R1. R, R1 and R4+5 with 22���35, 26 (12); 18���28, 23 (12); 35���53, 42 (12) setae, respectively. Squama with 11���20, 15 setae. Legs. Forefemur with 2 rows of proximally directed setae on outer side. Foretibia apically truncate, unarmed. Mid and hind tibiae each with 2 combs and 1 recurved spur. Mid ta1 with 5���10, 7 (13) sensilla chaetica, distalmost located 0.47���0.54, 0.51 (13) from base. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 1. Hypopygium (Figure 1B). Anal tergite with anterior bands; median setae 1���5, 2, arising from pale pits on each end of tergal bands; anal point parallel-sided, with truncate apex. Superior volsella sickle-shaped, rounded apically, with one basal and 3���7, 5 dorsal setae; occasionally with sparse microtrichia basally. Median volsella poorly developed, consisting of small tubercles with 1���4, 2 setae, occasionally absent. Gonostylus 118���165, 138 (11) ��m long, 3.2���3.6, 3.5 (11) times as long as broad at middle, apically with short and stout setae. Female (n = 9). Total length 2.5���4.2, 3.3 mm. Coloration. Similar to male. Head. Temporals 18���24, 21. Antenna with 5 flagellomeres; terminal flagellomere 160���200, 177 (8) ��m long, shorter than preceding 2 flagellomeres together; AR 0.34���0.41, 0.37 (8). Clypeus with 32���45, 40 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1���5 (��m): 50���75, 57; 60���70, 62; 280���310, 293; 290���340, 308; 350���460, 390, respectively. Pm4/Pm3 1.0���1.1, 1.0; Pm5/Pm4 1.2���1.4, 1.3. Pm3 with 5���6, 5 sensilla clavata, longest 15���23, 19 ��m long. Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 1���5, 3; acrostichals 6���12, 9; dorsocentrals 17���25, 21; prealars 3���6, 4; scutellars 25���37, 31. Wing. Length 2.3���3.5, 2.7 mm. VR 1.2���1.3, 1.2 (8). Veins R, R1 and R4+5 with 22���37, 29; 23���41, 30; and 55��� 89, 71 setae, respectively. Squama with 11���22, 15 setae. fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BR Male P1 1167���1523 1167���1599 1548���2005 711���990 660���914 558���736 279���406 1.1���1.4 2.1���2.6 1322 1343 1753 825 753 632 311 1.3 2.4 P2 1269���1700 1091���1523 711���990 355���533 279���406 178���254 102���152 0.62���0.67 3.5���4.2 1453 1267 831 431 324 209 123 0.66 3.9 P3 1421���1878 1218���1650 939���1294 558���787 406���584 228���355 127���178 0.75���0.79 3.5���5.0 1626 1400 1081 652 484 290 142 0.77 4.5 Female P1 1244���1523 1167���1472 1675���2030 787���964 711���888 584���736 279���330 1.3���1.4 1376 1300 1839 854 792 669 305 1.4 P2 1269���1599 1142���1447 685���888 381���508 279���381 178���228 102���152 0.60���0.62 1435 1300 789 427 319 206 121 0.61 P3 1421���1777 1244���1624 939���1218 584���736 431���558 254���330 127���152 0.74���0.79 1616 1416 1085 (8) 650 (8) 492 (8) 282 (8) 133 (8) 0.76 (8) Legs. Mid ta1 with 16���26, 21 sensilla chaetica, distalmost located 0.52���0.60, 0.55 from base. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 1. Genitalia (Figure 1C). Sternite VIII with 16���26, 20 (6) setae on each side. Gonocoxapodeme strong. Gonapophysis VIII broad, rounded caudally. Gonocoxite IX with 1���3, 2 (7) setae. Lateral plate of segment X triangular without setae. Postgenital plate triangular. Notum 150���165, 158 (4) ��m long, 2.0���2.6, 2.3 (4) times as long as ramus. Labium with microtrichia. Seminal capsule oval, 65���75, 72 ��m long, 1.1 times as long as broad, and 0.45���0.48, 0.46 (4) times as long as notum, with cylindrical neck. Pupa (n = 23). Total length 4.7���6.7, 5.4 mm. Coloration. Exuviae pale brown with somewhat infuscated thorax and abdomen. Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercles (Figure 1D) conical, 100���160, 127 (22) ��m long, 1.3���1.5, 1.4 (22) times as long as basal width in mounted exuviae. Frontal setae absent. Dorsum of thorax strongly pebbled along median suture. Abdomen (Figure 1E). Tergites I and VII without spinulation; II���V each with more or less extensive, triangular spinule patch; VI with posterior transverse spinule band, usually interrupted medially; VIII with central spinule patch and posterior transverse spinule band; IX with somewhat strong central spinule patch, and occasionally very weak anterolateral spinule patches. Tergites II���VI each with anterior transverse band of spines. Tergite II with row of 45���89, 62 (21) caudal hooklets; its row 0.40���0.51, 0.45 (21) times as long as tergal width. Conjunctives III/IV and IV/V each with spinule band. Segment IV with vortex. Segment V with 3 Lt-setae on each side; VI���VII each with 4 Lt-setae, occasionally VI with 3 Lt-setae; VIII with 5 Lt-setae. Anal comb (Figure 1F) on segment VIII with 2���4, 3 (21) teeth becoming smaller anteriorly. Anal lobe 275���400, 326 (21) ��m long, 1.5���2.0, 1.7 (21) times as long as broad, with 47���77, 56 (22) lateral taeniae; with dorsal seta simple, located 0.19���0.29, 0.24 (20) from apex. Male genital sac 0.96���1.1, 1.1 (12) times as long as anal lobe. Fourth instar larva (n = 31). Body length 7.2���10.6, 8.7 (7) mm. Coloration. Head generally yellowish, with dark brown postoccipital margin, in alcoholic specimen. Head. Length 434���545, 480 (12) ��m long; cephalic index 0.72���0.76, 0.73 (11). Antenna (Figure 1G) 0.33��� 0.39, 0.36 (11) times as long as head capsule, with 6 segments. Lengths of first to sixth segments (��m): 80���110, 93 (19); 20���28, 23 (19); 23���33, 26 (19); 14���28, 20 (19); 10���18, 15 (19); 6���10, 8 (19). AR 0.9���1.0, 1.0 (19). First segment with ring organ located 0.24���0.31, 0.28 (19) from base; blade 105���155, 121 (10) ��m long, extending far beyond apex of terminal segment; accessary blade very small, 8���10, 9 (4) ��m long. Each of second and third segments laterally with Lauterborn organ 18���25, 23 (18) ��m long. Third segment laterally with style 8���13, 10 (17) ��m long. Labral lamella with 11���18, 15 (23) teeth. Premandible (Figure 1H) 88���130, 102 (27) ��m long, with 3 teeth. Pecten epipharyngis with 3 equal-sized teeth (Figure 1I). Mandible (Figure 1J) 155���215, 175 (19) ��m long with seta subdentalis 40���65, 50 (16) ��m long, curved apically, reaching distalmost inner tooth; seta interna 4- branched. Mentum (Figure 1K) 143���190, 157 (19) ��m wide; median tooth bifid, pale, 30���45, 35 (19) ��m wide, with very small central tooth. Ventromental plate 70���100, 82 (18) ��m long, 120���160, 137 (18) ��m wide, with 28��� 35, 30 (20) striae; distance between both plates 0.47���0.51, 0.50 (19) times as broad as width of mentum. Postmentum 175���233, 193 (28) ��m long. Body. With 8 anal setae. Remarks. Microtendipes umbrosus Freeman is distributed in Africa and Australia (Freeman & Cranston 1980, Cranston & Martin 1989). In Australian populations, the pupa was drawn with three Lt-setae on abdominal segment VI (Cranston 2000) but across a series of specimens this number varies (3 or 4) including between one side and the other (P.S. Cranston, Canberra, Australia, pers. comm.). Of 23 Japanese specimens examined here, three specimens (13 %) have three Lt-setae on one side of the segment VI and four Lt-setae on the other, 20 (87 %) possessing four Lt-setae on each side of the segment. The features of the Japanese specimens are consistent with Freeman (1955, 1958, 1961) for the males and females and with those of Australian pupal and larval exuviae associated with their adults (P.S. Cranston, Canberra, Australia, pers. comm.) for the pupae and larvae. After re-examinations of the syntype males and females of M. tamaogouti Sasa and the holotype males of M. shounagasaki Sasa, M. kamoprimus Sasa, M. amamihosoides Sasa, M. hibaraquintus Sasa, M. tokarafegeus Sasa & Suzuki, M. simantofegeus Sasa, Suzuki & Sakai, M. simantogeheus Sasa, Suzuki & Sakai, M. tusimabeceus Sasa & Suzuki and M. tusimacedeus Sasa & Suzuki, it was evident that all features of M. umbrosus are common to these taxa with little difference between them, and thus, we regard these as junior synonyms of M. umbrosus. Judging from the original morphological description of the male, the Russian species M. sakhalinensis Zorina, 2001 also may be conspecific with M. umbrosus. The male of M. umbrosus resembles that of Palaearctic M. pedellus (De Geer, 1776) in the coloration of thorax and legs, and also the general appearance of the hypopygium, but differs in the wing with a faint cloud (at least around the vein FCu) and the poorly developed median volsella, bearing 0���4 setae on small tubercles. In M. pedellus, the male is characterized by the wing without any marking, and the median volsella with a bundle of setae on a well-developed tubercle (Langton & Pinder 2007: 110, fig. 219 C). Microtendipes umbrosus is most common in Japanese Microtendipes. However, not only wide variation in the leg and wing markings but also the inadequate justifications for differentiation made by Sasa and his co-workers have led to much confusion. In the description of M. tamaogouti, Sasa (1983: 7) wrote, ���Dorsal appendage with a slightly expanded base bearing 2 or 3 long inner setae, and a finger-like process with rounded apex and bearing 4 setae in the middle on the dorsal surface.��� He failed to distinguish the setae of the median volsella from those of the superior volsella. In describing M. tusimacedeus, Sasa & Suzuki (1999: 5) wrote, ���Dorsal appendage wide and sickle-shaped���, and drew a curiously short superior volsella (p. 43, fig. 3g). Re-examination of the holotype proved that they overlooked the apical portion of the volsella folded by the mounting procedure (Figure 5A). Further, in the description of M. simantofegeus, Sasa et al. (1998: 53) even miscalculated the value of male antennal ratio. The correct value is 1.6, not 0.97. Microtendipes ginzanefeus Sasa & Suzuki, 2001 was erected on the basis of two male specimens collected from Hokkaido, northern Japan. Re-examination of the type series showed that the original description is not based on the holotype, but on the paratype, which is a male of M. umbrosus. Two species groups, the M. pedellus group and the M. rydalensis group, based on the pupal and larval morphology are recognized currently in this genus (Pinder & Reiss 1983: 324 for the larva, 1986: 334 for the pupa). Microtendipes umbrosus belongs to the M. pedellus group, because the pupa has long transverse bands of anterior spines on the abdominal tergites II���VI, a central spinule patch on the anal tergite, and five Lt-setae on the abdominal segment VIII, and the larva possesses a bifid median tooth in the mentum, three equal-sized teeth in the pecten epipharyngis, and three teeth in the premandible. Recently the first author collected many specimens of M. umbrosus from Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces in Oriental China. Collections from Thailand by several collectors from Chiang Mai and Kasertsart University, deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC, Canberra, Australia), show that specimens of Microtendipes, predominantly larvae but including pupae and adults, are common in standing and flowing waters. These can be allocated to M. umbrosus in our current understanding, with distribution extending from19��26���N in Chiang Rai Province to 9��18��� N in Phang Nga Province, including provinces of Chiang Mai, Kampaeng Phet, Lamphung, Loei, Pechabun, Prachuap Kiri Khan, Ranong, Sakorn Nakorn and Sra Kaew, at elevations ranging from sea level (���post-tsunami��� ponds) to 600 m above sea level on Doi Inthanon (Chiang Mai) (P.S. Cranston, pers. comm). In Australia, the species is restricted to the state of Queensland, between 17��01���S to 27��06���S, including the tropical lakes Barrine and Eacham (Cranston & Dimitriadis 2004). The larvae were very abundant early colonizers of an experimental artificial stream channel fed by water derived from a eutrophic dam in South East Queensland (specimens deposited in ANIC, P.S. Cranston, pers. comm.). For a morphologically defined but somewhat variable species with such a wide range, we can assume that molecular data will show geographically discrete populations or cryptic species, as with Polypedilum nubifer (Cranston et al. 2016). However, sampling across such a wide range is time consuming, impractical and well beyond the scope of this study. Furthermore, the species in the range of its type locality (Africa, Kenya, Nyanza) would need to be sampled, as would specimens from throughout the range including species described as endemic to China but potentially synonyms of other named species., Published as part of Niitsuma, Hiromi, 2017, Review of the Japanese Microtendipes tera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of a new species, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4320 (3) on pages 536-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/893828, {"references":["Freeman, P. (1955) Chironomidae (Diptera Nematocera). Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G. F. de Witte, 83, 1 - 41.","Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611 - 737. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610611","Sasa, M. (1983) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River. Part 5. An observation on the distribution of Chironomidae along the main stream in June, with description of 15 new species. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 43, 1 - 67.","Sasa, M. (1989 a) Studies on the chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) of Shou River. Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1989, 26 - 44.","Sasa, M. (1989 b) Chironomid midges of some rivers in western Japan. Part 3. Chironomid species collected from Kamo River, Kyoto City. Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1989, 62 - 65.","Sasa, M. (1990) Studies on the chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Nansei Islands, southern Japan. Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine, 60, 111 - 165.","Sasa, M. (1993) Studies on the chironomid midges (Yusurika) collected in Toyama and other areas of Japan, 1993. Part 5. The chironomids collected from lakes in the Aizu District (Fukushima). Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1993, 69 - 95.","Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1995) The chironomid species collected on the Tokara Islands, Kagoshima (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 46, 255 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 46.255","Sasa, M., Suzuki, H. & Sakai, T. (1998) Studies on the chironomid midges collected on the shore of Shimanto River in April, 1998. Part. I. Description of species of the subfamily Chironominae. Tropical Medicine, 40, 47 - 89.","Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1999) Studies on the chironomid midges of Tsushima and Iki Islands, western Japan. Part 1. Species of Chironomidae collected on Tsushima. Tropical Medicine, 41, 1 - 53.","Zorina, O. V. (2001) New species of the genera Cryptotendipes, Dicrotendipes, Microtendipes and Stenochironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae) from the Russian Far East. Vestnik zoologii, 35, 31 - 38.","Freeman, P. & Cranston, P. S. (1980) 11. Family Chironomidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.) Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 175 - 202.","Cranston, P. S. & Martin, J. (1989) 26. Family Chironomidae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu & Brill, E. J., Leiden, pp. 252 - 274.","Cranston, P. S. (2000) Electronic Guide to the Chironomidae of Australia. Picture 4. Available from: http: // apes. skullisland. info / node / 3 (accessed 19 May 2017)","Freeman, P. (1958) A study of the Chironomidae of Africa south of the Sahara. Part IV. The Bulletin of British Museum (Nature History), Entomological Series, 6, 263 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17110","De Geer, C. (1776) Memoires pour servir a l'histoire des insects. Tome sixieme. P. Hesselberg, Stockholm, viii + 523 pp.","Langton, P. H. & Pinder, L. C. V. (2007) Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Volume 1. Introductory text, keys, references, checklist and index. Volume 2. Illustrations of the hypopygia and a supplement identifying sixteen species recently recorded from Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 64, 1 - 231 + 1 - 168.","Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (2001) Studies on the chironomid species collected in Hokkaido in September, 2000. Tropical Medicine, 43, 1 - 38.","Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1983) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 19 (Supplement), 293 - 435.","Cranston, P. S. & Dimitriadis, S. (2004) The Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae of Atherton Tableland Lakes, North Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 49 (2), 573 - 588.","Cranston, P. S., Martin, J. & Spies, M. (2016) Cryptic species in the nuisance midge Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse) (Diptera: Chironomidae) and the status of Tripedilum Kieffer. Zootaxa, 4079 (4), 429 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.4.3"]}

Microtendipes famiefeus Sasa (Figure 3) Microtendipes truncatus Kawai & Sasa, 1985: 18 [preoccu. Kieffer 1922: 13]; Qi & Wang 2006: 43. Microtendipes famiefeus Sasa, 1996: 53. Microtendipes tusimadeeus Sasa & Suzuki, 1999: 5. Syn. nov. ? Microtendipes rydalensis [nec Edwards, 1929: 404]: Tanaka, Sasa & Hashizume 2003: 122. Material examined. Holotype of Microtendipes famiefeus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 4940), labelled, ��� No. 255: 11���, JAPAN: Toyama, Lake in the Toyama City Family Park, 21.ix.1993. Holotype of Microtendipes tusimadeeus, M (NSMT-I-Dip 5245), labelled, ��� No. 373: 5���, JAPAN: Nagasaki, Tsushima Island, Izuhara, Azugawa River, 23.iii.1998. Non-types. M, Pe /F, L (SUM), JAPAN: Miyagi, Shiroishi, Kamasaki Hot Spring, Yukawa River, 1.i.1997 (emerged 11 and 19.i.1997); Pe /M, L (SUM), Fukushima, Iwaki, Yaguki, Matuyamazawa, 10.viii.1997 (emerged 30.viii.1997); 3 Pe /M (SUM), as previous except 2.i.1998 (emerged 19���29.i.1998); 3 M, Pe/F (SUM), as previous except 15.vii.2012 (emerged 3���7.viii.2012); Le/Pe/F (SUM), as previous except 5.i.2013 (emerged 13.i.2013); M (SUM), as previous except 27.iii.2013 (emerged 10.iv.2013); 2 Pe/M (SUM), Iwaki, Obisa River, 5.i.1990 (emerged 15 and 20.ii.1990); Pe /M (SUM), Fukushima, Naraha, Kido River, 24.xii.1991; Pe /M (SUM), Fukushima, Hirono, Asami River, 25.iii.2006 (emerged 1.iv.2006); 2 M (SUM), Tochigi, Nakagawa, Naka River, 4.v.1996; M (SUM), Tochigi, Nasukarasuyama, Naka River, 4.v.1999; M (SUM), Shizuoka, Shimizu, Yanbara River, 28.iv.2000; 5 M (EJNU), CHINA: Anhui, Mt. Huang, Fuxi stream, 26.v.2012; M (EJNU), Liaoning, Benxi, Xiaodonggou village, 6.vii.2015; Pe (EJNU), Guangdong, Shantou, Jinxi stream, 14.x.2016; 2 Pe (EJNU), Yunnan, Anning, Qinglongxia, 23.x.2016. Description. Male (n = 16). Total length 3.0���4.3, 3.6 mm. Coloration. Thorax yellowish green with scutal vittae indistinct. Abdomen green, occasionally with dark segments VII���IX. Wing without any marking. Legs entirely pale yellow. Head. Temporals 10���17, 12. AR 1.3���1.7, 1.4 (15). Clypeus with 12���17, 14 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1���5 (��m): 40���55, 46 (15); 40���60, 50 (15); 190���255, 226 (15); 145���215, 183 (15); 230���380, 303 (15), respectively. Pm4/Pm3 0.75���0.86, 0.81 (15); Pm5/Pm4 1.5���1.8, 1.7 (15). Pm3 apically with 4���5, 4 sensilla clavata, longest 18���23, 19 ��m long. Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 0���2, 1 (15); acrostichals 0���2, 2; dorsocentrals 5���11, 7; prealars 3���4, 3; scutellars 7���12, 9 (15). Wing. Length 1.9���3.0, 2.5 mm. VR 1.1���1.2, 1.2. Veins R, R1 and R4+5 with 14���29, 21; 11���19, 16; and 18���50, 31 setae, respectively. Squama with 5���10, 7 setae. Legs. Mid ta1 with 3���5, 4 (15) sensilla chaetica, distalmost located 0.35���0.62, 0.46 (15) from base. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 3. Hypopygium (Figure 3A). Anal tergite with 1���8, 4 median setae on each end of tergal bands; anal point (Figure 3B) parallel-sided, apically truncated and curved ventrad. Superior volsella (Figures 3C, D) relatively broad, curved ventrally, with one basal seta arising from large tubercle and 3���10, 5 dorsolateral setae. Median volsella well developed, composed of tubercles bearing 5���12, 8 (14) apical setae. Gonostylus 130���165, 150 (12) ��m long, 3.6���4.2, 3.9 (12) times as long as broad at middle. Female (n = 3). Total length 2.5���3.6 (2) mm. Coloration. Similar to male. Head. Temporals 9���10, 9. Antenna with terminal flagellomere 140���155, 150 ��m long, shorter than preceding 2 flagellomeres together; AR 0.36���0.42, 0.40. Clypeus with 16���18, 17 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1���5 (��m): 50��� 60, 55; 50���65, 58; 205���265, 237; 185���235, 210; 320���390, 350, respectively. Pm4/Pm3 0.88���0.90, 0.89; Pm5/Pm4 1.6���1.7, 1.7. Pm3 with 4 sensilla clavata, longest 18���20, 19 ��m long. Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 1 (2); acrostichals 0���2, 1; dorsocentrals 10���13, 11; prealars 3���4, 3; scutellars 7��� 10, 8. Wing. Length 2.0���3.2 (2) mm. VR 1.2 (2). Veins R, R1 and R4+5 with 18���34 (2), 16���24 (2) and 29���51 (2) setae, respectively. Squama with 8���12, 9 setae. Legs. Forefemur externally with 2 rows of proximally directed setae. Mid ta1 with 6���7 (2) sensilla chaetica, distalmost located 0.47���0.50 (2) from base. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 3. fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BR Male P1 836���1167 761���1091 1066���1523 482���736 406���619 330���508 152���228 1.3���1.6 2.1���2.9 1040 923 1346 638 537 453 200 1.5 2.4 P2 914���1294 812���1142 533���787 279���381 203���305 152���206 76���102 0.66���0.73 3.2���5.0 1121 988 681 332 257 175 92 0.69 3.8 P3 964���1345 838���1218 660���990 381���533 305���431 178���254 102���127 0.73���0.82 3.7���5.0 1158 1060 829 471 381 221 113 0.78 4.2 Female P1 990���1421 761���1091 1345���1802 609���812 533���711 457���609 178���228 1.7���1.8 P2 990���1447 863���1244 609���863 279���406 203���305 127���178 76���102 0.69���0.71 P3 1015 ���1497 888���1345 711���1041 381���558 330���457 178���228 102���129 0.77���0.80 Genitalia (Figure 3E). Sternite VIII with 6���16, 11 setae on each side. Gonocoxite IX with 1 seta. Segment X with 3���6, 4 setae on each side. Notum 115���150, 130 ��m long, 1.5���2.1, 1.7 times as long as ramus. Labium without microtrichia. Seminal capsule 55���58 (2) ��m long, 1.1���1.2 (2) times as long as broad, and 0.37���0.46 (2) times as long as notum. Pupa (n = 11). Total length 3.8���4.9, 4.3 mm. Coloration. Exuviae pale brown with infuscated thorax. Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercles (Figure 3F) dome-shaped, 25���50, 39 (8) ��m long, 0.25���0.56, 0.47 (8) times as long as basal width in mounted exuviae. Thorax weakly pebbled on dorsum. Abdomen (Figure 3G). Tergites I, VII and IX without spinules; II���V each with more or less extensive spinulation; VI with anterior and posterior spinule patches; VIII with anterolateral spinules. Tergites II���V each with anterior transverse band of pale spines. Tergite II with row of 47���81, 67 (10) caudal hooklets; its row 0.46��� 0.64, 0.54 (5) times as long as tergal width. Segment V with 3 Lt-setae on each side, VI���VIII each with 4 Lt-setae. Anal comb (Figures 3H, I) with one strong tooth and 0���5, 1 weak tooth. Anal lobe 215���260, 237 (8) ��m long, 1.7��� 1.9, 1.8 (8) times as long as broad, with fringe of 29���42, 36 lateral taeniae; with dorsal seta located 0.18���0.27, 0.21 (8) from apex. Male genital sac 1.1���1.3, 1.1 (5) times as long as anal lobe. Fourth instar larva (n = 3). Body length 5.3 (1) mm. Coloration. Generally white except dark brown postoccipital margin in alcoholic specimen. Head. Length 345���400 (2) ��m long; cephalic index 0.78 (1). Antenna (Figure 3J) 0.42���0.44 (2) times as long as head capsule; lengths of first to sixth segments (��m): 88���95, 91; 23���28 (2); 20���23 (2); 15 (1); 11 (1); 6 (1). AR 1.1 (1). First segment with ring organ located 0.08���0.11, 0.09 from base; blade 78 (1) ��m long, barely reaching apex of terminal segment; and accessary blade 15 (1) ��m long. Second and third segments each with Lauterborn organ 20 (2) ��m long. Third segment with style 8���10 (2) ��m long. Premandible (Figure 3K) 75���85, 82 ��m long, with 5 teeth. Labral lamella with 13���15 (2) teeth. Pecten epipharyngis with one large middle tooth and 6 pairs of lateral teeth becoming smaller laterally (Figure 3L). Mandible 125���135, 128 ��m long; seta subdentalis 28���30 (2) ��m long. Mentum (Figure 3M) 113���125, 119 ��m wide; median tooth trifid, pale, 33���40, 35 ��m wide. Ventromental plate 53���60, 58 ��m long, 93���95, 94 ��m wide, with 16���19 (2) striae; distance between both plates 0.51���0.56 (2) times as broad as width of mentum. Postmentum 138���170, 157 ��m long. Body. With 8 anal setae. Remarks. In the original description of M. famiefeus Sasa, the author (Sasa 1996: 54) wrote that the species is separable from M. truncatus Kawai & Sasa as the male has no antepronotal seta and the hypopygium has dorsal appendages with a conspicuous ridge along the outer margin and stout ventral appendages. After re-examination of the holotype male, it had become clear that the male possesses two distinct setal pits on the antepronotum. Generally, the ridge of the superior volsella is not stable in the appearance, which is variable depending on the mounting orientation. Indeed, Kawai & Sasa (1985: 18, fig. 3) drew slightly the apical ridge of the volsella in the original description of M. truncatus. Not only superior volsellae but also inferior volsellae may be deformed when the specimen is compressed by the cover glass. Therefore, Microtendipes famiefeus is considered to be conspecific with M. truncatus Kawai & Sasa, which is a junior primary homonym of M. truncatus Kieffer, 1922 described from Cameroon in central Africa. Microtendipes tusimadeeus Sasa & Suzuki, 1999 was established on the basis of three male specimens collected from Tsushima Island in western Japan. By the comparison between the holotypes of M. tusimadeeus and M. famiefeus, however, it was proved that there is no major difference between them. Microtendipes tusimadeeus is a junior synonym of M. famiefeus. The male of M. famiefeus much resembles that of European M. rydalensis (Edwards, 1929) in the yellowish coloration on the body and legs, the hypopygium with broad superior volsellae and well-developed median volsellae, but differs in the hypopygial anal point with a truncate apex. In the latter, the anal point is pointed apically (Pinder 1976). The closer examination of the specimens deposited in SUM revealed a more distinct difference between the anal points of both the males. In the lateral view, the anal point is narrow and suddenly bent ventrad at the apex in M. famiefeus, whereas broad and gently curved ventrad along its entire length in M. rydalensis (Pinder 1976: 179, fig. 1). The immature forms, pupa and larva, are also very similar to those of M. rydalensis, but barely separable by the cephalic tubercles of the pupa and the pecten epipharyngis of the larva. The cephalic tubercles are relatively small, dome-shaped in M. famiefeus, whereas broadly rounded in M. rydalensis (Langton & Visser 2003, fig. 123g). The pecten epipharyngis is armed with a large median tooth and 6 pairs of small lateral teeth, becoming smaller laterally in M. famiefeus, whereas in M. rydalensis, it has three large media teeth and 2 or 3 pairs of small lateral teeth (Pinder 1976: 179, fig. 5d; Epler et al. 2013: 506, fig. 10.41, G). Microtendipes famiefeus is placed in the M. rydalensis group, because the pupa has anterior transverse bands consisting of pale spines on the abdominal tergites II���V, 4 Lt-setae on the abdominal segment VIII, and an anal tergite without spinules (Pinder & Reiss 1986), and the larva possesses a mentum with a trifid median tooth, a pecten epipharyngis with one large middle tooth and 12 small lateral teeth, and premandibles with 5 teeth (Pinder & Reiss 1983). Tanaka et al. (2003) recorded a chironomid midge under the name M. rydalensis from a rice paddy area in Gunma, central Japan. Actually, the species may be M. famiefeus, although it is a record without morphological accounts. Recently M. famiefeus was recorded, under the name of M. truncatus Kawai & Sasa, from Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and Shaanxi Provinces in China (Qi & Wang 2006). The first author also collected the species from Anhui, Guangdong and Yunnan Provinces. Microtendipes famiefeus may be widely distributed in China., Published as part of Niitsuma, Hiromi, 2017, Review of the Japanese Microtendipes tera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of a new species, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4320 (3) on pages 544-547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/893828, {"references":["Kawai, K. & Sasa, M. (1985) Seven new species of chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Ohta River, Japan. The Japanese Journal of Limnology, 46, 15 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3739 / rikusui. 46.15","Kieffer, J. J. (1922) Chironomides de l'Afrique equatoriale (2 e partie). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 91, 1 - 72.","Qi, X. & Wang, X. H. (2006) A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1108, 37 - 51.","Sasa, M. (1996) Seasonal distribution of the chironomid species collected with light traps at the side of two lakes in the Toyama City Family Park. Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Science Research Center, 1996, 15 - 112.","Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1999) Studies on the chironomid midges of Tsushima and Iki Islands, western Japan. Part 1. Species of Chironomidae collected on Tsushima. Tropical Medicine, 41, 1 - 53.","Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1929. tb 00692. x","Tanaka, N., Sasa, M. & Hashizume, S. (2003) Studies on chironomid midges in a rice paddy area in the suburbs of Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 54, 121 - 124. [in Japanese] https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 54.121","Pinder, L. C. V. (1976) Morphology of the adult and juvenile stages of Microtendipes rydalensis (Edw.) comb. nov. (Diptera, Chironomidae). Hydrobiologia, 48, 179 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00040170","Langton, P. H. & Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae - a key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. Expert Center for Taxonomic Information, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM Series]","Epler, J. H., Ekrem, T. & Cranston, P. S. (2013) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. & Epler, J. H. (Sci. Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region. Keys and diagnoses. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 66 (Supplement), 387 - 556.","Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1986) 10. The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 28 (Supplement), 299 - 456.","Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1983) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 19 (Supplement), 293 - 435."]}

Microtendipes shoukomaki Sasa (Figures 2, 5B) Microtendipes britteni [nec Edwards, 1929: 399]: Sasa 1980: 29; Qi & Wang, 2006: 40. Microtendipes shoukomaki Sasa, 1989a: 29. Microtendipes ginzanefeus Sasa & Suzuki, 2001: 12. Syn. nov. Material examined. Holotype of Microtendipes shoukomaki, M (NSMT-I-Dip 4 649), labelled, ��� No. 154: 31���, JAPAN: Toyama, Shou River, 7.ii.1989. Holotype of Microtendipes ginzanefeus, M (NSMT), labelled, ���No. 403: 51���, JAPAN: Hokkaido, Mt. Ginzan, 2.ix.2000. Non-types. M, F (SUM), JAPAN: Mie, Takicho, small stream, 23.vii.1981; Le / Pe /M, 2 Pe /M, 8 Pe /F, F, 3 Pe, Le / Pe, 9 Le, 6 L (SUM), Shizuoka, Shimizu, Okitsu River, 3.ii.1985 (emerged 9.ii���5.iii.1985); F (SUM), Shizuoka, Shimizu, Yanbara River, 16.vi.1985; M (SUM), as previous except 29.xi.1986; Pe /M (SUM), Shizuoka, Shimizu, Ihara River, 15.x.1989 (emerged 30.x.1989); Pe /M (SUM), Shizuoka, Fujinomiya, Inase River, 15.vii.1991 (emerged 28.vii.1991); Pe /M (SUM), Fukushima, Iwaki, Obisa River, 16.viii.1991 (emerged 25.viii.1991); Pe /M (SUM), Fukushima, Hirono, Asami River, 15.viii.2001 (emerged 21.viii.2001); 6 Le / Pe /M (EJNU), CHINA: Guangdong, Guangzhou, Zengcheng District, Lan Stream, 30.iv.2017 (emerged 5.vi.2017); Pe /M (EJNU), Anhui, Mt. Huang, Fuxi stream, 25.v.2012 (emerged 1.vi.2012); M (EJNU), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Yiwu County, Guafengzhai, 26.iv.2017. Description. Male (n = 8). Total length 4.1���4.9, 4.5 mm. Coloration. Thorax dark brown with 3 scutal vittae shining black. Abdomen green with somewhat darkened segments VI���IX or VII���IX. Wing without any marking. Legs yellow with all knee joints and foretibia dark brown. Head. Temporals 14���21, 16. AR 2.0���2.1, 2.0. Clypeus with 17���25, 20 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1���5 (��m): 55���60, 59 (6); 60���70, 65 (6); 275���300, 286 (6); 250���275, 265 (6); 375���460, 409 (6), respectively. Pm4/Pm3 0.91��� 0.95, 0.93 (6); Pm5/Pm4 1.5���1.7, 1.5 (6). Pm3 with 2���4, 3 (7) sensilla clavata, longest 15���20, 18 (7) ��m long. Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 4���6, 5; acrostichals absent; dorsocentrals 9���13, 12; prealars 4���5, 4; scutellars 20���30, 23. Wing. Length 2.8���3.3, 3.0 (6) mm. VR 1.1���1.2, 1.1 (6). Veins R, R1 and R4+5 with 16���24, 21 (6); 15���26, 21 (6); 25���42, 32 (6) setae, respectively. Squama with 15���20, 17 (6) setae. Legs. Forefemur externally with 2 rows of proximally directed setae. Mid ta1 with 7���14, 10 sensilla chaetica, distalmost located 0.40���0.53, 0.47 from base. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 2. Hypopygium (Figure 2A). Anal tergite with anterior bands medially separated from each other; median setae absent; anal point tapering toward pointed apex. Superior volsella (Figures 2B, C) stout, curved ventrally, pointed apically, with one basal and 2���7, 5 dorsolateral setae. Median volsella absent. Gonostylus 140���180, 155 (5) ��m long, 4.0���4.4, 4.3 (5) times as long as broad at middle. Female (n = 11). Total length 2.8���4.0, 3.6 mm. Coloration. Similar to male. Head. Temporals 16���24, 19. Antenna with terminal flagellomere 170���230, 194 ��m long, as long as or slightly shorter than preceding 2 flagellomeres together; AR 0.36���0.49, 0.44 (10). Clypeus with 19���28, 22 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1���5 (��m): 45���60, 57 (10); 55���70, 63 (10); 270���320, 294 (10); 260���335, 290 (10); 355���490, 426 (10), respectively. Pm4/Pm3 0.84���1.1, 0.99 (10); Pm5/Pm4 1.3���1.6, 1.5 (10). Pm3 apically with 4���5, 4 sensilla clavata, longest 18���25, 21 ��m long. Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 3���5, 4; acrostichals absent; dorsocentrals 13���21, 17; prealars 4���5, 4; scutellars 24���32, 28. Wing. Length 2.6���3.7, 3.4 mm. VR 1.2 (6). Veins R, R1 and R4+5 with 24���31, 28 (9), 26���35, 29 (9) and 50���85, 62 (9) setae, respectively. Squama with 17���23, 20 setae. Legs. Mid ta1 with 24���37, 28 sensilla chaetica, distalmost located 0.53���0.61, 0.56 from base. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 2. fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BR Male P1 1192���1447 1167���1447 1497���1700 736���888 660���787 584���697 254���305 1.2���1.4 2.1���2.7 1269 1266 1621 793 698 614 279 1.3 2.4 P2 1269���1523 1167���1421 736���838 406���482 305���355 178���203 102���127 0.58���0.65 3.2���4.5 1380 1294 799 450 337 197 124 0.62 3.7 P3 1421���1700 1294���1523 939���1117 558���635 406���482 228���279 127���152 0.73���0.75 3.8���4.6 1526 1399 1031 603 428 251 136 0.74 4.3 Female P1 1320���1624 1269���1472 1802���2005 812���964 761���888 635���787 279���330 1.3���1.4 1493 1394 1887 895 833 720 307 1.4 P2 1371���1700 1269���1624 761���914 406���533 305���381 203���232 102���152 0.56���0.60 1576 1479 858 482 353 208 127 0.58 P3 1523���1878 1371���1726 1041���1218 609���736 457���533 254���305 127���152 0.70���0.76 1742 1578 1147 676 496 279 143 0.73 Genitalia (Figure 2D). Sternite VIII with 14���21, 18 (7) setae on each side. Gonocoxite IX with 1���3, 2 (9) setae. Segment X without setae. Notum 175���188, 183 (3) ��m long, 2.1 (3) times as long as ramus. Labium with microtrichia. Seminal capsule relatively large, 130���145, 139 (8) ��m long, 1.1���1.2, 1.1 (8) times as long as broad, and 0.75���0.83, 0.78 (3) times as long as notum. Pupa (n = 19). Total length 5.3���6.8, 6.1 mm. Coloration. Exuviae largely pale brown. Cephalothorax. Cephalic tubercles (Figure 2E) broadly rounded, 25���40, 34 (17) ��m long, 0.25���0.32, 0.29 (17) times as long as basal width in mounted exuviae. Abdomen (Figure 2F). Tergite I without spinules; II���V each with more or less extensive spinulation; VI with anterior and posterior transverse spinule bands; VII with anterolateral and posterolateral spinule patches; VIII and IX each with anterolateral spinules. Tergites II���VI each with anterior transverse band of brown and relatively large spines. Tergite II with row of 73���110, 91 caudal hooklets; its row 0.60���0.70, 0.65 times as long as tergal width. Paratergites II���V each with somewhat strong spinulation. Segment V with 3 Lt-setae on each side, VI���VII each with 4 Lt-setae; VIII with 5 Lt-setae. Anal comb (Figure 2G) with one large and 2���4, 3 small teeth. Anal lobe 270��� 380, 329 ��m long, 1.4���1.7, 1.5 times as long as broad, with 33���46, 39 lateral taeniae; dorsal seta absent. Male genital sac 1.2���1.3, 1.3 (6) times as long as anal lobe. Fourth instar larva (n = 18). Body length 7.1���9.5, 8.2 (6) mm. Coloration. Head capsule largely dark brown, with somewhat extensive white areas around eye spots, and body yellowish in alcoholic specimen. Head. Length 444���515, 477 (5) ��m long; cephalic index 0.71���0.78, 0.74 (5). Antenna 0.30���0.36, 0.33 (6) times as long as head capsule; lengths of first to sixth segments (��m): 80���88, 84 (10); 13���18, 15 (8); 18���20, 19 (8); 13���16, 13 (8); 10���13, 11 (8); 5���8, 7 (8). AR 1.1���1.4, 1.2 (8). First segment with ring organ located 0.18���0.24, 0.21 (10) from base; blade 83���93, 87 (4) ��m long, and accessary blade 8 (1) ��m long. Second and third segments each with Lauterborn organ 13���18, 15 (8) ��m long. Third segment with style 8 (6) ��m long. Labral lamella with 1 2���18, 15 (16) teeth. Pecten epipharyngis with 3 teeth (Figure 2H). Premandible (Figure 2I) 95���110, 103 (12) ��m long, with 3 teeth. Mandible 165���188, 178 (11) ��m long; seta subdentalis 43���45, 44 (5) ��m long. Mentum (Figure 2J) 140���168, 156 (12) ��m wide; median tooth bifid, pale, 30���43, 39 (17) ��m wide. Ventromental plate 70���85, 80 (12) ��m long, 110���128, 122 (12) ��m wide, with 26���30, 27 (12) striae; distance between both plates 0.46���0.54, 0.50 (12) times as broad as width of mentum. Postmentum 175���200, 187 (17) ��m long. Body. With 8 anal setae. Remarks. The male much resembles that of European M. britteni (Edwards) in the entirely dark brown foretibia, and the hypopygium with no median anal tergal seta, a triangular, apically pointed anal point, and lacking median volsellae. Additionally, the larval head capsule is largely dark brown as in the specimen deposited under the name of M. britteni in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen, Germany (M. Spies, pers. comm.). However, the species is separable from M. britteni by the pupal morphology. The cephalic tubercles are broadly rounded in the former, whereas relatively short, somewhat conical or dome-shaped in the latter (Laville 1971: 202, fig. 7, a; Langton & Visser 2003, fig. 119e). Judging from the pupal and larval morphology, M. shoukomaki belongs to the same group, M. pedellus group, as M. britteni (Pinder & Reiss 1983 for the larva, 1986 for the pupa). Indeed, M. shoukomaki was misidentified as M. britteni by Sasa (1980: 29), who distinguished M. shoukomaki from M. britteni by the parallel-sided anal point in his key to males (Sasa 1998: 34, couplet 5). After re-examination of the holotype of M. shoukomaki, it was revealed that the anal point is not parallel-sided, but triangular and apically pointed. The reared Chinese material from Guangdong and Anhui Provinces also points to previous records of M. britteni by Qi & Wang (2006) being M. shoukomaki, and thus perhaps no true M. britteni exists in East Asia. The male also resembles North American M. caducus Townes, 1945 in the thoracic scutum lacking acrostichal setae, the hypopygium without median anal tergal seta, and the triangular anal point, but differs in the dark brown thorax and the entirely darkened foretibia. In M. caducus, the thorax is light brown, and the foretibia is whitish medially, according to Townes (1945: 24). The type series of M. ginzanefeus Sasa & Suzuki, 2001 comprises holotype and a single paratype. Reexamination of the type series showed that the holotype is a male of M. shoukomaki and the paratype is that of M. umbrosus. The original description is based not on the holotype, but on the paratype. Although the holotype is in too poor condition, the anal tergite with no median seta, the anal point tapering toward the apex, and the apically pointed superior volsella can be recognized (Figure 5B)., Published as part of Niitsuma, Hiromi, 2017, Review of the Japanese Microtendipes tera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of a new species, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4320 (3) on pages 541-544, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/893828, {"references":["Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1929. tb 00692. x","Sasa, M. (1980) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River. Part 2. Description of 20 species of Chironominae recovered from a tributary. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 13, 9 - 107.","Qi, X. & Wang, X. H. (2006) A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1108, 37 - 51.","Sasa, M. (1989 a) Studies on the chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) of Shou River. Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1989, 26 - 44.","Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (2001) Studies on the chironomid species collected in Hokkaido in September, 2000. Tropical Medicine, 43, 1 - 38.","Laville, H. (1971) Recherches sur les Chironomides (Diptera) lacustres du massif de Neouvielle (Hautes-Pyrenees). Premiere partie. Systematique, ecologie, phenologie. Annales de Limnologie, 7, 173 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1971006","Langton, P. H. & Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae - a key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. World Biodiversity Database. Expert Center for Taxonomic Information, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM Series]","Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1983) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica, 19 (Supplement), 293 - 435.","Townes, H. K. (1945) The Nearctic species of Tendipedini [Diptera, Tendipedidae (= Chironomidae)]. The American Midland Naturalist, 34, 1 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421112"]}

Microtendipes parachloris Niitsuma & Tang sp. nov. (Figure 4) Microtendipes chloris [nec Meigen, 1818: 28]: Sasa 1984: 56; Sasa & Kamimura 1987: 16. Type material. Holotype: M (NSMT), labelled, ���No. 101: 81���, JAPAN: Hokkaido, Lake Akan, 17.vi.1982. Paratype: M (NSMT), labelled, ���No. 39: 86, 87���, JAPAN: Tochigi, Nikko, Lake Yunoko, 28.iv.1979 (emerged 26.v.1979). Derivatio nominis. From Greek para -, a prefix meaning near, like, and the name of Microtendipes chloris (Meigen), referring to the morphological similarity of the male adults of both the species. Description. Male (n = 2). Total length 5.3���5.8 mm. Coloration. Thorax entirely dark brown; scutal vittae indistinct. Abdomen largely pale yellow; tergite I darkened anteriorly, tergites II���V each with vertically long and dark marking anteromedially (Figure 4A), tergites VI���IX darkened entirely; hypopygium dark brown on gonocoxite and gonostylus. Wing without any marking on membrane. Foreleg brown with apical 0.10���0.11 of femur dark brown; tibia and ta1 uniformly dark brown. Mid and hind legs brown, each with femur and tibia somewhat darker. Head. Temporals 17���22. AR 2.5���2.7. Clypeus with 24���29 setae. Lengths (��m) of palpomeres 1���5: 60���75, 75��� 90, 245���310, 260���310, 360���450, respectively. Pm4/Pm3 1.0���1.1; Pm5/Pm4 1.4���1.5. Pm3 with 3 sensilla clavata, longest 25 ��m long. Thorax. Antepronotum with 3���4 lateral setae. Acrostichals 4���7; dorsocentrals 9���15, uniserial; prealars 4���5, uniserial. Scutellum with 26���27 setae. Wing. Length from arculus to apex 3.9���4.1 mm. Veins R, R1 and R4+5 with 24���25, 22���28, 38���43 setae, respectively. VR 1.1. Squama broken off. Legs. Forefemur externally with 2 rows of 20���28 setae directed basally on distal half; foretarsus without long setae. Mid ta1 with 7���9 sensilla chaetica, distalmost located 0.43���0.45 from base. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 4. Hypopygium (Figure 4B). Anal tergite with 2���8 median setae on each end of tergal bands; posterior tergal margin with 18���21 setae on each side. Anal point (Figure 4C) nearly parallel-sided with truncate apex. Superior volsella (Figure 4D) sickle-shaped, pointed at apex, with one basal and 7���8 dorsolateral setae. Median volsella poorly developed, with 2���3 clustered setae; tubercle indistinct. Inferior volsella reaching beyond tip of gonocoxite, stout, with many recurved dorsal setae on distal 2/3. Transverse sternapodeme broad. Female, pupa and larva. Unknown. Remarks. Sasa (1984) recorded a single male under the name of M. chloris (Meigen, 1818) from Lake Yunoko in Tochigi, central Japan. The same name was also assigned to the male collected from Lake Akan in Hokkaido, northern Japan, by Sasa & Kamimura (1987). Indeed, the male is very similar to that of M. chloris in the hypopygial structure: anal point parallel-sided; superior volsella sickle-shaped with a basal and several dorsolateral setae; and inferior volsella long, reaching beyond the apex of the gonocoxite. For the same reason, the male resembles that of M. pedellus (De Geer, 1776), too. However, the male will not key past couplet 8 in the Langton & Pinder (2007: 177) because of the uniformly darkened foretibia and the foretarsus without long setae, and differs from the males of these two species in the poorly developed median volsella, only bearing a few setae, in the hypopygium. The males of M. pedellus and M. chloris are armed with distinct tubercles of the median volsella bearing several setae (Langton & Pinder 2007: 110, fig. 219 C, D). The male somewhat resembles that of M. umbrosus in the hypopygium with a parallel-sided anal point, sickleshaped superior volsellae, and poorly developed median volsellae, but differs from it in the relatively high value of AR 2.5���2.7, the wings without any marking, and the entirely dark brown basitarsus of the foreleg. The male of M. umbrosus has a low value of AR 1.7���2.1, a cloud on the wing membrane, and a basitarsus darkened at most basally in the foreleg., Published as part of Niitsuma, Hiromi, 2017, Review of the Japanese Microtendipes tera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of a new species, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4320 (3) on pages 548-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/893828, {"references":["Meigen, J. W. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeliegen Insekten. Erster Teil. F. W. Forstmann, Aachen, 332 pp.","Sasa, M. (1984) Studies on chironomid midges in lakes of the Nikko National Park. Part II. Taxonomical and morphological studies on the chironomid species collected from lakes in the Nikko National Park. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 70, 18 - 215.","Sasa, M. & Kamimura, K. (1987) Chironomid midges collected on the shore of lakes in the Akan Nationa Park, Hokkaido (Diptera, Chironomidae). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 104, 9 - 61.","De Geer, C. (1776) Memoires pour servir a l'histoire des insects. Tome sixieme. P. Hesselberg, Stockholm, viii + 523 pp.","Langton, P. H. & Pinder, L. C. V. (2007) Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Volume 1. Introductory text, keys, references, checklist and index. Volume 2. Illustrations of the hypopygia and a supplement identifying sixteen species recently recorded from Britain and Ireland. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 64, 1 - 231 + 1 - 168."]}

Microtendipes pedellus (De Geer) Figs 45A–F Diagnosis. Frontal apotome separated from clypeus by a straight suture; labrum and premandible as in Fig. 45A; SI seta plumose; pecten epipharyngis with 3 subequal teeth; antenna (Fig. 45B) 6-segmented with LO alternately placed on segments 2 and 3, AR 1.0; mandible as in Fig. 45C; mentum (Fig. 45D) with two pale median teeth, occasionally with tiny central tooth, 6 lateral teeth, with the 1 st smaller, shorter than 2 nd; VM plates widely separated with coarse striations; posterior end of abdomen as in Fig. 45E; anal tubules curled ventrally. Notes. This species is most commonly collected from lentic habitats, but is also known to occur in streams. The more common Microtendipes in small streams within the pedellus group is Microtendipes caducus Townes, which is difficult to separate. It has the LO situated apically on antennal segment 2; whereas in M. pedellus it is preapical. The genus is in need of revision including a species key for the larval stage. Ecology and habitat. Larvae are known to build long sand retreats on rocks. Microtendipes larvae are filterfeeders (Hudson et al. 1990). In study streams they were only collected from pools. Reported for small lakes in Ireland, these species are bivoltine species with small scale emergences in late July to the end of the August, and the peak emergence from September to the end of the October (Bracken & Murray 1973). Sampling sites. Algonquin Provincial Park Nearctic distribution. Canada: Northwest Territories to New Brunswick. USA: From California east to Main and south to Florida., Published as part of Namayandeh, Armin, Bilyj, Bohdan, Beresford, David V., Somers, Keith M. & Dillon, Peter J., 2012, 3324, pp. 1-65 in Zootaxa 3324 on pages 54-56, {"references":["Hudson, P. L., Lenat, D. R., Caldwell, B. A. & Smith, D. (1990) Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Research, 7, 46 pp.","Bracken, J. J. & Murray, D. A. (1973) Insect emergence data from four small lakes in south and southwest of Ireland. Irish Fisheries Investigations Series, A, 11, 3 - 17."]}

Microtendipes eocenicus n. sp. (Figs. 51 –53) Etymology: This species is named for the Eocene age of the fossil. Diagnosis: RM oblique to R 4+5; wing apically rounded; 13 flagellomeres; apex of fore tibia lacking spur; squama fringed; no patch of posteriorly directed setae on the apicomedial part of its fore femur; anal point apically spatulate; gonocoxites small. Description: Head 0.6 mm long; ocelli absent; antenna 1.04 mm long, much longer than head, distinctly hairy, with 13 flagellomeres covered with long setae, pedicel broad and short, rounded, 13 th flagellomere very long; eye bare but deformed, with strong parallel­sided dorsomedial extension, with 6 rows of ommatidia at minimum width; mouthparts lacking functional mandibles; 5 palpomeres with numerous setae; clypeus with few dorsal setae; postocular, frontal, inner vertical, and outer vertical setae not visible. Thorax 1.02 mm long, 0.37 mm wide, 1.25 mm high; scutum with distinct longitudinal median groove; postnotum bare, with distinct longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum with few long setae; scutal tubercle absent; prealar and supraalar setae not visible; anterior acrostichal setae not visible, few dorsocentrals and uniserial setae. Wing macropterous, apically rounded, 2.4 mm long, 0.62 mm wide, hyaline, without macrotrichia but with fine punctution; anal vein An 2 absent; radius with 3 branches R 1, R 2+3 and R, R 2+3 not divided into R 2 and R 3; costa ending at level of insertion of last branch of radius; only M 1+2 and M 3+4 present; cross­vein MCu absent; squama fringed. Halter 0.27 mm long. Fore femur 1.2 mm long, tibia 0.9 mm long, tarsus 3.1 mm long; mid femur 1.18 mm long, tibia 0.94 mm long, tarsus 1.4 mm long; hind femur 1.22 mm long, tibia 1.18 mm long, tarsus 1.88 mm long; fore tibia without spur or spine; hind tibial combs separate; mid and hind tibiae with 2 spurs, 1 on each comb; ta4 of all legs cylindrical, not cordiform; claw of all legs simple; pulvilli absent. Abdomen 2.95 mm long, 0.65 mm wide; gonostylus with long setae in outer surface and few short setae on inner surface, 0.18 mm long, 0.05 mm wide; delimited from gonocoxite, very short, 0.11 mm long, 0.02 mm wide, with long setae on outer surface; anal point narrow and elongate, apically spatulate, 0.15 mm long, 0.07 mm wide at base; inferior volsella elongate, apically rounded and with strong setae, 0.13 mm long; median volsella not visible, superior volsella sickle­shaped. 4+5 FIGURE 52. Microtendipes eocenicus n. sp., holotype PA 1683, photograph of male genitalia. FIGURE 53. Microtendipes eocenicus n. sp., holotype PA 1683, drawing of male genitalia; a, ventral view; b, dorsal view (scale bar = 0.3 mm). Discussion: This fossil is in the chironomine genus Microtendipes because of the following combination of characters (Cranston et al. 1989): RM oblique to R 4+5; wing apically rounded; 13 flagellomeres; apex of fore tibia lacking spur; and squama fringed. The only character of Microtendipes that is not present in Microtendipes eocenicus is the presence of a patch of posteriorly directed setae on the apicomedial part of its fore femur. This character justifies a specific (if not generic) separation from all extant species of Microtendipes. Material: Holotype PA 1683 (male)., Published as part of Published, First, 2007, Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 1404 on pages 53-55

Microtendipes yaanensis sp. n. (Figs. 17���20) Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Yaan City, Zhougonghe River, 18.V. 1996, light trap, X. Wang (BDN No. 12578). Diagnostic characters. The species can be distinguished from others within the genus by the long, bare superior volsella. The species resembles M. schuecki Reiss, but the wings of M. yaanensis are transparent, whereas those of M. schuecki have markings. The color of the tarsomeres of M. yaanensis is uniformly greenish yellow, whereas M. schuecki has the apical fourth of each tarsomere brown. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, using the Latin suffix ensis, denoting place of origin. Male imago (n = 1) Total length 3.63 mm. Wing length 1.95 mm. Total length/wing length 1.86. Wing length/length of profemur 2.05. Coloration. Head yellow. Thorax (Fig. 17) greenish yellow with scutum, postnotum, and epimeron II brown. Abdomen greenish yellow, apex of abdominal tergites V���IX brown, hypopygium brownish yellow. Legs with apical 1 / 10 of femora and apical and basal 1 / 10 of tibiae brown; remaining parts greenish yellow. Head. AR 1.31. Temporal setae 14, including 3 inner verticals, 5 outer verticals, and 6 postorbitals. Clypeus with 19 setae. Tentorium 140 m long, 35 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 50, 50, 160, 195, 280. L: 5 th/ 3 rd 1.75. Wing (Fig. 18). VR 1.26. R with 24, R 1 with 18, R 4 + 5 with 24 setae. Squama with 10 setae. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 15, acrostichals lacking, prealars 3. Scutellum with 19 setae. Legs. Distal half of front femur with 16 proximally directed setae in 2 rows, 200���250 m long. Front tibia with 2 long subapical setae, without apical scale. Spur on middle tibiae 45 m long including 25 m long comb, unspurred comb 25 m long; spur on posterior tibia 45 m long including 25 m long comb, unspurred comb 30 m long. Width at apex of front tibia 60 m, of middle tibia 58 m, of hind tibia 58 m. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 19���20). Anal point 50 m long, narrow, tapering from middle to truncated apex, with 2 small lateral setae medially. Tergite IX with 3 setae medially and 15 setae at base of anal point. Phallapodeme 30 m long; transverse sternapodeme 43 m long. Gonocoxite 170 m long. Superior volsella (Fig. 19) 75 m long, weakly sinuous, without microtrichiae, basal lobe bearing 4 long setae. Median volsella with a group of weak setae. Inferior volsella 80 m long, parallel sided, with 17 setae. Gonostylus 113 m long. HR 1.51, HV 3.22. Distribution. The species was collected in Sichuan Province in Oriental China., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on pages 45-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499

Microtendipes confinis (Meigen) Chironomus confinis Meigen, 1830: 253 Microtendipes confinis (Meigen), Ashe and Cranston 1990: 289; Pinder 1978: 128 Material examined. CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Zhouzhi County, Banfangzi, 4 males, 7.VIII. 1994, light trap, W. Bu. Remarks. The species is recorded from China for the first time. Microtendipes pedellus (De Geer) Tipula pedellus De Geer, 1776: 379 Chironomus aberrans Johannsen, 1905: 221 Microtendipes confusus Kieffer, 1918: 51 Microtendipes laccophilus Kieffer, 1922: 81 Microtendipes pedellus var. aberrans (Johannsen), Townes 1945: 23 Microtendipes pedellus (De Geer), Edwards 1929: 397, Townes 1945: 23, Pinder 1978: 128, Ashe and Cranston 1990: 290, Oliver et al. 1990: 48, Wang 2000: 645 Material examined. CHINA: Guizhou Province, Libo County, Maolan Nature Conservation Area, Banzhai, 1 male, 31.VII. 1995, light trap, W. Bu; Guizhou Province, Fanjing Mountain Nature Conservation Area, 1 male, 30.V. 2004, light trap, H. Tang; Henan Province, Xinyang City, Jigongshan Mountain, 1 male, 13.VII. 1997, light trap, Y. Du; Shaanxi Province, Zhouzhi County, Banfangzi, 1 male, 7.VIII. 1994, light trap, W. Bu. Remarks. The species varies in body coloration, especially the color of the abdomen. Townes (1945: 24) treated the species as three varieties based on body coloration. The Chinese specimens are similar to M. pedellus var. aberrans (Johannsen) described by Townes (1945). Oliver et al. (1990) treated all the varieties as synonyms., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499, {"references":["Ashe, P. & Cranston, P. S. (1990) Family Chironomidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Ed), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera Psychodidae Chironomidae. Vol. 2. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 113 - 355.","Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Part 1. The key; Part 2. Illustration of the hypopygia. Scientific Publication Freshwater Association 37, 128 - 129.","Townes, H. K. (1945) The Nearctic species of Tendipedini. (Diptera: Tendipedidae (= Chironomidae )). American Midland Naturalist, 34, 1 - 206.","Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 77, 279 - 429.","Wang, X. (2000) A revised checklist of Chironomidae from China (Diptera). In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.), Late 20 th Century Research on Chironomidae. An Anthology from the 13 th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Shaker Verlag, Achen, pp. 629 - 652."]}

Microtendipes angustus sp. n. (Figs. 1���5) Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Fujian Province, Wuyishan City, Qili Qiao, 28.IV. 1993, light trap, X. Wang (BDN No.02533). Paratype: 1 male, Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County, 27.V. 2002, B. Ji (BDN No. 1500). Diagnostic characters. The new species is similar to M. chloris, but can be separated by the shape of the inferior volsella and the color of the legs. In M. angustus sp. n., the inferior volsella is narrowed apically, but not in M. chloris. The front tibia of M. angustus sp. n. is brown in the apical and basal 1 / 10 and the remaining legs are greenish yellow. In M. chloris, the front femur is yellowish brown with a narrow apical dark ring, the front tibia and front tarsus I are black, tarsi II and III are brown with basal and apical dark rings, front tarsi IV and V are dark brown, the mid and hind femora are brown with an apical dark ring and the tibia have both basal and apical rings, tarsus I is yellow, and tarsi II to V are brown to dark brown. Etymology. The species name is from Latin, angustus, meaning narrow, referring to the shape of the inferior volsella, which is narrow in the apical half. Male imago (n = 2) Total length 5.25���5.30 mm. Wing length 3.25���3.38 mm. Total length/wing length 1.56���1.63. Wing length/length of profemur 2.24���2.41. Coloration. Head yellow. Thorax (Fig. 1) brownish yellow, scutellum, anterior anepisternum II and epimeron II brown. Abdominal tergites I���IV green, tergites V���X and hypopygium brown. Front tibia brown in apical and basal 1 / 10, remaining legs greenish yellow. Head. AR 1.81���2.17. Temporal setae 17���18, including 5���7 inner verticals, 6���10 outer verticals, and 3���4 postorbitals. Clypeus with 35���38 setae. Tentorium 180���190 m long, 50���80 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 60 ���70, 60��� 65, 300���325, 340 ��� 390, 400 ��� 490. L: 5 th/ 3 rd 1.33���1.51. Wing (Fig. 2). VR 1.07���1.16. R with 23���25, R 1 with 20���21, R 4 + 5 with 27���34 setae. Squama with 10���24 setae. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 13���20, acrostichals 3���4, prealars 5���6. Scutellum with 26���27 setae. Legs. Distal half of front femur with 24 proximally directed setae in 2 rows (Fig. 3), 225���250 m long. Spur on middle tibia 48���50 m long including 43���50 m long comb, unspurred comb 50 m long, spur on posterior tibia 30���55 m long including 50 m long comb, unspurred comb 45���50 m long. Width at apex of front tibia 70���80 m, of middle tibia 70���75 m, of hind tibia 80��� 85 m. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 4���5). Anal point 85���88 m long, apically slightly swollen and rounded. Tergite IX with 8 setae medially and 17 setae along posterior margin. Phallapodeme 30���50 m long; transverse sternapodeme 35���88 m long. Gonocoxite 225 m long. Superior volsella (Fig. 5) 100���163 m long, sickle shaped, and apically rounded, with 4 dorsal setae, 2 basal seta. Inferior volsella abruptly narrowed in apical 1 / 2, 128 ��� 133 m long, with 25 setae. Gonostylus 150���160 m long, with 11 setae along inner margin in distal 1 / 3. HR 1.41���1.50, HV 3.31���3.50. Distribution. The species was collected in subtropical mountain areas in Fujian and Guizhou Provinces in Oriental China., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499

Microtendipes quasicaducas sp. n. (Figs. 6–10) Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Fujian Province, Daiyun Mountain, 12.IX. 2002, light trap, W. Bu (BDN No. 20176). Diagnostic characters. The new species is similar to M. caducas, but can be distinguished on the shape of the gonostylus. In M. quasicaducas sp. n., the gonostylus is broad, whereas it is slender in M. caducas. The color of the front tibia also differs; in M. quasicaducas sp. n., it is brown on the apical and basal one–tenth, whereas in M. caducas, it is brown on the apical one­tenth only. Etymology. The species name is from Latin, quasi, meaning appearing as, and caducas, a closely related species. Male imago (n = 1) Total length 4.98 mm. Wing length 2.70 mm. Total length/wing length 1.84. Wing length/length of profemur 1.96. Coloration. Head yellow. Thorax (Fig. 6) greenish yellow with scutum, postnotum, and epimeron II brown. Abdominal tergites I–VIII pale green, tergite IX and hypopygium brown. Apical and basal 1 / 10 of front femur brown, front tibia with apical and basal brown rings; mid and hind legs with apical 1 / 10 of femur and basal 1 / 10 of tibia brown; remaining leg segments greenish yellow. Head. AR 2.29. Temporal setae 17, including 3 inner verticals, 8 outer verticals, and 6 postorbitals. Clypeus with 22 setae. Tentorium 210 m long, 70 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 50, 60, 250, 300, 430. L: 5 th/ 3 rd 1.72. Wing (Fig. 7). VR 1.07. R with 21, R 1 with 20, R 4 + 5 with 21 setae. Squama with 13 setae. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 11, acrostichals lacking, prealars 4. Scutellum with 21 setae. Legs (Fig. 8). Distal half of front femur with 17 proximally directed setae in 2 rows, 190–200 m long. Spur on median tibiae 50 m long including 38 m long comb, unspurred comb 45 m long; spur on posterior tibia 30 m long including 50 m long comb, unspurred comb 50 m long. Width at apex of front tibia 65 m; of middle tibia 70 m; of hind tibia 70 m. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 9–10). Anal point 75 m long, slender, tapering from base, and apically pointed. Tergite IX with 5 setae medially and 20 setae at base of anal point. Phallapodeme 63 m long; transverse sternapodeme 50 m long. Gonocoxite 208 m long. Superior volsella (Fig. 9) 138 m long, with 4 dorsal setae, 2 basal setae and microtrichia. Inferior volsella 125 m long, with 20 setae. Gonostylus 148 m long, with 6 setae along inner margin in distal 1 / 3. HR 1.41, HV 3.37. Distribution. The species was collected in Fujian Province in Oriental China.

Microtendipes truncatus Kawai and Sasa Microtendipes truncatus Kawai and Sasa, 1985: 18, Sasa 1989: 49, Sasa and Okazawa 1991: 107 Microtendipes rydalensis (Edwards), sensu Wang 2000: 645 Material examined. CHINA: Fujian Province, Shanghang County, Buyun Township, Shiyankeng, 1 male, 10.X. 1994, light trap, X. Wang; Guizhou Province, Daomai County, Dashahe River Nature Conservation Area, 1 male, 30.V. 2004, light trap, H. Tang; Yunnan Province, Zhongdian County, Hutiaoxia, 3 males, 25.V. 1996, light trap, X. Wang; Shaanxi Province, Zhouzhi County, Banfangzi, 13 males, 7.VIII. 1994, light trap, W. Bu. Remarks. The species is similar to M. rydalensis (Edwards), but in M. rydalensis the superior volsella has three basal setae, whereas M. truncatus has a group of more than three setae on the basal tubercle. Furthermore, the apex of the anal point is pointed in M. rydalensis but truncated in M. truncatus. The specimen from Yunnan Province was misidentified and listed as M. rydalensis (Edwards) by Wang (2000)., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499, {"references":["Kawai, K. & Sasa, M. (1985) Seven new species of chironomid midge (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Ohra River, Japan. Japanese Journal of Limnology Contents, 46, 15 - 24.","Sasa, M. (1989) Chironomid midges of some rivers in western Japan. Research Report Toyama Prefecture Environmental Pollution Research Center 1989, 46 - 110.","Sasa, M. & Okazawa, T. (1991) Studies on the chironomids of the Joganji River. Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center 1991, 52 - 67.","Wang, X. (2000) A revised checklist of Chironomidae from China (Diptera). In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.), Late 20 th Century Research on Chironomidae. An Anthology from the 13 th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Shaker Verlag, Achen, pp. 629 - 652."]}

Microtendipes britteni (Edwards) Chironomus (Microtendipes) britteni Edwards, 1929: 399 Microtendipes britteni (Edwards), Pinder 1978: 128; Ashe and Cranston 1990: 289; Sasa 1980: 29; Sasa and Kawai 1987: 22; Wang 2000: 645 Microtendipes chloris (Meigen), sensu Wang 2000: 645 Microtendipes diffinis (Edwards), sensu Wang 2000: 645 Material examined. CHINA: Beijing City, Huairou District, 1 male, 15.X. 1994, light trap, X. Wang; Guangdong Province, Fengkai County, Heishiding Nature Conservation Area, 1 male, 20.IV. 1988, light trap, X. Wang; Liaoning Province, Dandong City, Kuandian County, 1 male, 22.IV. 1992, light trap, J. Wang; Shandong Province, Zaozhuang City, Baodugu, 1 male, 28.V. 1994, light trap, X. Wang; Guizhou Province, Daomai County, Dashahe River Nature Conservation Area, 4 males, 30.V. 2004, light trap, H. Tang; Guizhou Province, Maolan County, Sancha River, 9 males, 28.VII. 1995, light trap, W. Bu; Shaanxi Province, Liuba County, Miaotaizi, 10 males, 3.VIII. 1994, light trap, W. Bu. Remarks. The coloration is characteristic in the males, having a dark thorax, greenish yellow abdomen, black front tibia, and remaining leg segments yellow. The subtriangular anal point is uncommon. According to Sasa (1980) and Pinder (1978), specimens from Europe and Japan have 3 or 4 lateral setae medially on the superior volsella, whereas the Chinese specimens have 3���7 setae. Some Chinese specimens of this species were misidentified and listed as M. chloris (Meigen) and M. diffinis (Edwards) by Wang (2000)., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499, {"references":["Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 77, 279 - 429.","Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Part 1. The key; Part 2. Illustration of the hypopygia. Scientific Publication Freshwater Association 37, 128 - 129.","Ashe, P. & Cranston, P. S. (1990) Family Chironomidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Ed), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera Psychodidae Chironomidae. Vol. 2. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 113 - 355.","Sasa, M. (1980) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River. Part 2. Description of 20 species of Chironominae recovered from a tributary. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies 13, 9 - 107.","Yasuno, M., Sugaya, Y. & Sasa, M. (1987) Studies on chironomid midges of lake in the Akan National Park, Hokkaido. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 104, 16 - 17.","Wang, X. (2000) A revised checklist of Chironomidae from China (Diptera). In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.), Late 20 th Century Research on Chironomidae. An Anthology from the 13 th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Shaker Verlag, Achen, pp. 629 - 652."]}

Microtendipes quasicaducas sp. n. (Figs. 6���10) Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Fujian Province, Daiyun Mountain, 12.IX. 2002, light trap, W. Bu (BDN No. 20176). Diagnostic characters. The new species is similar to M. caducas, but can be distinguished on the shape of the gonostylus. In M. quasicaducas sp. n., the gonostylus is broad, whereas it is slender in M. caducas. The color of the front tibia also differs; in M. quasicaducas sp. n., it is brown on the apical and basal one���tenth, whereas in M. caducas, it is brown on the apical one��tenth only. Etymology. The species name is from Latin, quasi, meaning appearing as, and caducas, a closely related species. Male imago (n = 1) Total length 4.98 mm. Wing length 2.70 mm. Total length/wing length 1.84. Wing length/length of profemur 1.96. Coloration. Head yellow. Thorax (Fig. 6) greenish yellow with scutum, postnotum, and epimeron II brown. Abdominal tergites I���VIII pale green, tergite IX and hypopygium brown. Apical and basal 1 / 10 of front femur brown, front tibia with apical and basal brown rings; mid and hind legs with apical 1 / 10 of femur and basal 1 / 10 of tibia brown; remaining leg segments greenish yellow. Head. AR 2.29. Temporal setae 17, including 3 inner verticals, 8 outer verticals, and 6 postorbitals. Clypeus with 22 setae. Tentorium 210 m long, 70 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 50, 60, 250, 300, 430. L: 5 th/ 3 rd 1.72. Wing (Fig. 7). VR 1.07. R with 21, R 1 with 20, R 4 + 5 with 21 setae. Squama with 13 setae. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 11, acrostichals lacking, prealars 4. Scutellum with 21 setae. Legs (Fig. 8). Distal half of front femur with 17 proximally directed setae in 2 rows, 190���200 m long. Spur on median tibiae 50 m long including 38 m long comb, unspurred comb 45 m long; spur on posterior tibia 30 m long including 50 m long comb, unspurred comb 50 m long. Width at apex of front tibia 65 m; of middle tibia 70 m; of hind tibia 70 m. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 9���10). Anal point 75 m long, slender, tapering from base, and apically pointed. Tergite IX with 5 setae medially and 20 setae at base of anal point. Phallapodeme 63 m long; transverse sternapodeme 50 m long. Gonocoxite 208 m long. Superior volsella (Fig. 9) 138 m long, with 4 dorsal setae, 2 basal setae and microtrichia. Inferior volsella 125 m long, with 20 setae. Gonostylus 148 m long, with 6 setae along inner margin in distal 1 / 3. HR 1.41, HV 3.37. Distribution. The species was collected in Fujian Province in Oriental China., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499

Microtendipes zhamensis sp. n. (Figs. 21���25) Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Xizang Autonomous Region, Nyalam County, Zham Town, VIII. 1987, light trap, C. Deng (BDN No. 08061). Diagnostic characters. The entire body of this species is greenish yellow, which is unique in the genus. The species also differs from other described species of the genus Microtendipes in the shape and structure of the superior volsella. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, using the Latin suffix ensis, denoting place of origin. Male imago (n = 1) Total length 5.30 mm. Wing length 3.30 mm. Total length/wing length 1.61. Wing length/length of profemur 2.36. Coloration. Entire body greenish yellow. Head. AR 1.82. Temporal setae 18, including 5 inner verticals, 9 outer verticals, and 4 postorbitals. Clypeus with 26 setae. Tentorium 175 m long, 75 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 40, 60, 300, 355, 450. L: 5 th/ 3 rd 1.50. Wing (Fig. 22). VR 1.09. R with 27, R 1 with 18, R 4 + 5 with 40 setae. Squama with 17 setae. Thorax (Fig. 21). Dorsocentrals 17, acrostichals lacking, prealars 5. Scutellum with 20 setae. Legs (Fig. 23). Distal half of front femur with 30 proximally directed setae in 2 rows, 200 m long. Spur on median tibiae 38 m long including 38 m long comb, unspurred comb 38 m long; spur on posterior tibia 50 m long including 38 m long comb, unspurred comb 38 m long. Width at apex of front tibia 80 m, of middle tibia 80 m, of hind tibia 70 m. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 24���25). Anal point 78 m long, slender, pointed. Tergite IX with 7 setae medially and 22 setae along posterior margin. Phallapodeme 37 m long; transverse sternapodeme 63 m long. Gonocoxite 230 m long. Superior volsella (Fig. 24) 188 m long, with 5 dorsal setae and 1 long basal seta. Median volsella with 2 setae. Inferior volsella 140 m long, parallel sided, with 24 setae. Gonostylus 188 m long, with 10 setae along inner margin in distal 1 / 2. HR 1.23, HV 2.83. Distribution. The species was collected in Xizang Autonomous Region in Oriental China., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499

Microtendipes tuberosus sp. n. (Figs. 11���16) Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County, Heiwan Town, 27.VII. 2001, light trap, R. Zhang (BDN No. 14642). Paratype: 1 male, Hainan Province, Changjiang County, Bawangling Nature Conservation Area, 11.V. 1988, light trap, X. Wang (BDN No. 14406). Diagnostic characters. The new species resembles M. schuecki, but the joint of abdominal tergites III���VIII in M. tuberosus is brown, lacking T��shaped marks, whereas Tshaped marks are present in M. schuecki. The new species has a small tubercle on the front femur, whereas such a tubercle is absent in M. schuecki. Etymology. The species name is from Latin, tuberosus, meaning with lumps, referring to the tubercle on the front femur. Male imago (n = 2) Total length 3.25���3.30 mm. Wing length 1.70���1.71 mm. Total length/wing length 1.79���1.89. Wing length/length of profemur 1.63���1.84. Coloration. Head yellow. Thorax (Fig. 11) with scutum, postnotum, and epimeron II brown. Abdomen (Fig. 12) pale green, joints of tergites III���IX and hypopygium brown. Legs brown in apical 1 / 10 of femora, apical and basal 1 / 10 of tibia, and apical 1 / 10 of each tarsomere; remaining parts of fore, mid, and hind legs greenish yellow. Head. AR 1.74���1.75. Temporal setae 13���15; including 4���6 inner verticals, 5 outer verticals and 4 postorbitals. Clypeus with 10���18 setae. Tentorium 125���155 m long, 50 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 45 ��� 45; 40���45; 140���145; 190���195; 212.5���275. L: 5 th/ 3 rd 1.52���1.90. Wing (Fig. 13). VR 1.20���1.21. R with 23, R 1 with 18, R 4 + 5 with 27 setae. Squama with 12 setae. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 17���19, acrostichals lacking, prealars 4. Scutellum with 15 or 16 setae. Legs (Fig. 14). Distal half of front femur with 16 proximally directed weak setae in 2 rows, 25 m long. Spur on median tibiae 57���58 m long including 25���26 m long comb, unspurred comb 30���32 m long; spur on posterior tibia 38���40 m long including 25���30 m long comb, unspurred comb 35���36 m long. Width at apex of front tibia 46 m, middle tibia 45 m, of hind tibia 45 m. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 15���16). Anal point 50 m long, parallel��sided, with 3 small setae medially. Phallapodeme 37 m long; transverse sternapodeme 20 m long. Gonocoxite 133���138 m long. Superior volsella (Fig. 15) 68 ��� 68 m long, with basal lobe bearing 5 setae and 1 long lateral seta. Median volsella with 3 long setae. Inferior volsella 80���85 m long, curved, with 20 setae. Gonostylus 93���98 m long, with 12 setae along inner margin in distal 1 / 3. HR 1.36���1.49, HV 3.38���3.51. Distribution. The specimens were collected in subtropical mountain areas in Guizhou and Hainan Provinces in Oriental China., Published as part of Qi, Xin & Wang, Xinhua, 2006, A review of Microtendipes Kieffer from China (Diptera: Chironomidae), pp. 37-51 in Zootaxa 1108 on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171499