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Report from the Summer School

10 country reports on economic impacts This document presents a qualitative assessment of TCNs economic impact in the studied remote and rural regions of MATILDE countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and in the United Kingdom – and in the framework of the foundational economy.

MATILDE Deliverable 7.11

This report presents the conceptual framework developed in the H2020 MATILDE project to analyze international migration processes towards rural and mountain areas. The publication's specific focus is on transdisciplinary concepts that are mobilized to examine the interactions of Third Country Nationals with local structures, institutions, and communities in this type of region. The report begins by providing working definitions of Third Country Nationals (TCNs), rural and mountain areas, as well as territory. It then moves on to elaborate conceptual frameworks relating to the specific interactions between newcomers and local communities in rural and mountain areas. The new mobilities paradigm is presented as an adequate concept to address both the local and regional variety of migration phenomena and related impacts. Processes of staying and attachment, commonly acknowledged as a prerequisite for evoking changes and impacts, are also elaborated. Migrants’ interactions with places are pointed out, whilst the agency of migrants is highlighted as crucial in this context, along with migration governance. This report also provides an overview of concepts on the settlement of migrants and the individual’s strife for participating in the economic, social, cultural, and political life of the host society. It subsequently introduces the migration-development nexus, both in conceptual terms and its manifestation in current European rural development policies. Finally, an outlook on the measurement of social, economic, and territorial impact, is given. Adopting a transdisciplinary approach, the report combines insights from the disciplines of migration studies, sociology, geography, and rural studies.

This document presents the impact assessments of a range of policies on migrants’ interaction with the social and economic structure of the remote and rural areas in the MATILDE countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and in the United Kingdom. Each report includes firstly a systematic gathering of information on existing policies that have a direct/indirect impact on migrants’ interaction with the social economic structure of remote and rural areas. This includes also those policies that were not designed for this purpose but nonetheless contribute to shape such an interaction. The information for this task has been collected by means of desk research and informants’ interviews. Secondly, for each country we carried out a meta-analysis/literature review on the existing literature/research that has focused on assessing traditional and foundational economics as well as social migrants’ impact in rural and remote areas in their country of settlement. The overall purpose of the meta-analysis was to pick up those elements that extant studies have indicated as drivers or barriers to social/economic integration and development. This review focuses on recent research – notably those produced in the last 10years – however it may include relevant research produced outside that period. Thirdly, each report includes an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the policies and services explored through semi-structured interviews. A range of stakeholders has been consulted in gathering this information on the migration-related policies and governance in the socio-economic realm – policy makers and public officers, public service providers, practitioners and organizations working on migration related fields, social policies and territorial planning, experts/scholars, (social) entrepreneurs (both TCN and native) and other relevant stakeholder (e.g. unions’ representatives, employers’ organization leaders, etc.). Finally, each country report includes two separate conclusions, describing if and how policy related factors act on the one side on the migrants’ impact into the country economy and on the other on their social inclusion/impact. This final section also includes an inventory of good practices.

Until the mid-nineties talking about diversity in South Tyrol meant referring to its three historical language groups. Since then, the number of people with foreign citizenship who have chosen the province of South Tyrol as their new home, has been increasing steadily. Even in the face of the pandemic, there are no indications the trend is likely to abate. Over the last twenty years, the number has almost tripled - from 16,000 in 2002 to over 50,000 in 2017. This population with a migratory background not only adds new diversity to the region, but also presents new questions and challenges. In Eurac Research's "Migration Report South Tyrol 2020", 30 researchers in the fields of sociology, geography, law, history, biology, anthropology, political science and linguistics analysed who the people migrating to South Tyrol are as well as their integration in the region's schools, employment and political systems. The 100-page report contains testimonies, infographics and images and has been designed as an instrument for supporting local policies and as informative reading and educational material. http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/Publications/Pages/dossier/migration-report.aspx &nbsp

This report provides the data collection framework to assess, from a regional/territorial perspective, the impacts of Third Country Nationals (TCNs) in European rural and mountain areas. The data collection framework, hereinafter MATILDE Matrix, provides guidance for the multilevel (EU-aggregate, national, regional and local level) and multidimensional (social, economic, territorial) impact assessment to be conducted in Work package 3 (Social impact assessment of migration), Work package 4 (Economic impact assessment of migration) and Work package 5 (Implementation of MATILDE toolbox in rural and mountain case study regions). The MATILDE matrix combines migration-specific indicators with indicators on economic growth, employment, access to services, and indicators that consider the urban/rural and mountain linkages and the transformations brought about in rural/mountain regions as a result of migration processes. &nbsp

This report provides an overview of the processes of immigration in European rural and mountain areas, i.e. labour, forced, student, family and amenity/lifestyle migration. For this purpose, Section A presents a literature review of migration studies from various disciplines of the social sciences, e.g. demography, economy, geography, sociology and regional studies. Section A further presents the prevailing immigration processes, including a diachronic perspective, as well as the framework for the description of MATILDE regions based on socio-economic, socio-demographic and territorial indicators. Finally, MATILDE regions are portrayed in terms of immigration of TCNs and spatial characteristics. In Section B, country and regional profiles are provided. As a basis for understanding current developments in MATILDE regions, for each region, the relevance of immigration phenomena and specific migration and integration policies in a given MATILDE country are presented from a historical perspective. Then, demographic, economic and migration-related developments in MATILDE regions are illustrated by means of a collection of statistical data from EUROSTAT and National Statistical Offices. As a conclusion, in Section C, patterns of immigration of TCNs to MATILDE countries and regions are classified in light of wider structural transformations.

Regions – as institutions in between State and local administrations – have assumed a leading role in the process of European integration in the recent past. In the 1990s, important developments and a number of optimistic predictions accompanied the “Europe of the Regions” perspective, in which the main avenues of EU policy, seeking to overcome territorial inequalities, favour an active role of these intermediate bodies within the so-called multi-level governance approach.

This document presents the impact assessments of a range of policies on migrants’ interaction with the social and economic structure of the remote and rural areas in the MATILDE countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and in the United Kingdom. Each report includes firstly a systematic gathering of information on existing policies that have a direct/indirect impact on migrants’ interaction with the social economic structure of remote and rural areas. This includes also those policies that were not designed for this purpose but nonetheless contribute to shape such an interaction. The information for this task has been collected by means of desk research and informants’ interviews. Secondly, for each country we carried out a meta-analysis/literature review on the existing literature/research that has focused on assessing traditional and foundational economics as well as social migrants’ impact in rural and remote areas in their country of settlement. The overall purpose of the meta-analysis was to pick up those elements that extant studies have indicated as drivers or barriers to social/economic integration and development. This review focuses on recent research – notably those produced in the last 10years – however it may include relevant research produced outside that period. Thirdly, each report includes an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the policies and services explored through semi-structured interviews. A range of stakeholders has been consulted in gathering this information on the migration-related policies and governance in the socio-economic realm – policy makers and public officers, public service providers, practitioners and organizations working on migration related fields, social policies and territorial planning, experts/scholars, (social) entrepreneurs (both TCN and native) and other relevant stakeholder (e.g. unions’ representatives, employers’ organization leaders, etc.). Finally, each country report includes two separate conclusions, describing if and how policy related factors act on the one side on the migrants’ impact into the country economy and on the other on their social inclusion/impact. This final section also includes an inventory of good practices.

This article discusses current European migration flows, theirimpacts on the European Alps, and future options foraddressing issues of migration. It explores these issues from theperspective of regional development, taking into account thecurrently prevailing goals of economic competitiveness andlocal self-interest. It focuses on the Alps, a region in which ruralareas are losing economic, demographic, and decision-makingpower due to outmigration. An end to outmigration in the Alps iscurrently unlikely, but there may be other ways to stem theresulting losses. Based on a review of migration literature and 3 case studies, the article explores ways in which programs forhosting and integrating migrants can also benefit long-timeresidents by contributing in many different ways to thedevelopment of mountain areas. From this perspective, effortsto integrate migrants can be seen as a form of social innovationthat can contribute to the future of the entire Alpine economicspace. Rather than focusing on drivers of migration or itshumanitarian or constitutional aspects, the paper explores thepotential benefits to all parties of a better integration of migrants into the host regions, and the possibility that this couldbecome a model of social innovation. It suggests an agenda for research on how to reach this potential and agenda points for policy regarding measures to fulfill the potential. This research is supported bythe European Union under the H2020 Social Innovation in Marginalised Rural Areas (SIMRA) project, Grant AgreementGA 677622.

D4.3 10 country reports on economic impacts This document presents a qualitative assessment of TCNs economic impact in the studied remote and rural regions of MATILDE countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and in the United Kingdom – and in the framework of the foundational economy.

This article discusses current European migration flows, their impacts on the European Alps, and future options for addressing issues of migration. It explores these issues from the perspective of regional development, taking into account the currently prevailing goals of economic competitiveness and local self-interest. It focuses on the Alps, a region in which rural areas are losing economic, demographic, and decision-making power due to outmigration. An end to outmigration in the Alps is currently unlikely, but there may be other ways to stem the resulting losses. Based on a review of migration literature and 3 case studies, the article explores ways in which programs for hosting and integrating migrants can also benefit long-time residents by contributing in many different ways to the development of mountain areas. From this perspective, efforts to integrate migrants can be seen as a form of social innovation that can contribute to the future of the entire Alpine economic space. Rather than focusing on drivers of migration or its humanitarian or constitutional aspects, the paper explores the potential benefits to all parties of a better integration of migrants into the host regions, and the possibility that this could become a model of social innovation. It suggests an agenda for research on how to reach this potential and agenda points for policy regarding measures to fulfill the potential. This research is supported by the European Union under the H2020 Social Innovation in Marginalised Rural Areas (SIMRA) project, Grant Agreement GA 677622.

This document presents the results of an assessment of the impact of migration and a measurement of the contribution provided by ‘third country nationals’ (TCNs) to the economic systems in the receiving contexts. In total, 10 statistical briefings for the MATILDE regions have been compiled, including the following countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Each document focuses on the following dimensions of economic development: economic growth, labour markets, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Moreover, a short introduction on the relevance of TCNs in the respective country as well as the population development and structure are considered. The results of a literature review and a comparative analysis of the 10 statistical briefings are published separately., H2020 MATILDE