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Fonsecaiulus spinosus sp. nov. (Figs 9–26) Etymology. The specific epithet, spinosus, refers to the dorsal row of spines and crown of apical spines on the aedeagal shaft (Figs 15, 16). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.75; male paratype 5.81; female paratype 6.13. Color (Figs 9–11). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 12), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin subtriangular; without processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 13), in ventral view, short and broad, with distinct median constriction. Subgenital plate (Figs 12, 13), in ventral view, broad at basal third and narrow at apical two-thirds, these areas separated by slight constriction; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with three tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal third, located close to one another, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 14), in dorsal view, short and broad, with posterior margin deeply notched, without stalk. Style (Fig. 14), in dorsal view, elongate, extending much farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with preapical, slight angulate lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex subtruncate. Aedeagus (Figs 15, 16) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, curved dorsally and very tall; dorsal margin with row of spines that are larger toward apex (last spine much larger than previous ones and with apex curved anteriorly); apex broad; in ventral view, shaft flattened and with crown of apical spines; gonopore located ventroapically. Paraphyses (Figs 15, 16) with membranous base; in lateral view, rami robust, directed dorsally, and with obtuse apex. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 17–19), in ventral view, subtriangularly produced posterolaterally; posterior margin with moderately produced median lobe. “Internal” sternite VIII without distinct sclerites. Pygofer (Figs 17, 18), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; apex narrowly rounded; surface with row of sparse macrosetae along ventroapical margin and a few grouped near apex. First valvifer (Figs 20, 21), in lateral view, somewhat elliptical; anterior portion with rigidly attached, sclerotized bifurcated structure associated with first valvula (indicated by an arrow in Fig. 20 and magnified in Fig. 21); surface of this structure distinctly covered by denticuli. First valvula (Figs 20, 22), in lateral view, with basal portion enlarged and subrectangular; basal margin truncate and oblique in ventral view; dorsal sculptured area extending from basal portion to apex of blade, formed mostly by scalelike processes arranged in oblique lines, except basally with more linear processes; ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion of blade, formed by scalelike processes; blade apex acute. Second valvula (Figs 23–25), in lateral view, broadened beyond basal curvature, narrowing slightly toward narrowly rounded apex; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; preapical prominence distinct, obtuse; dorsal margin with approximately 20 mostly triangular continuous teeth, extending from expanded basal portion to apical portion of blade; most teeth with steep, short ascending portion, and gradually declivous, long descending portion; denticles distributed on teeth and on apical portion of blade, except on apex; ventral dentate apical portion distinctly longer than dorsal portion; blade with ducts attaining teeth or terminating below them, also extending to apex. Gonoplac (Fig. 26) of the usual Cicadellinae type: in lateral view, with basal half distinctly narrow, abruptly expanded on median portion; ventral margin slightly concave on median third; apex narrowly rounded. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, \ São Roque P. N. [Parque Nacional] Serra \ da Canastra \ 14–19.xii.2013 Malaise \ Melo & Rosa legs.” (DZUP). Paratypes: two males and one female, same data as the holotype (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus spinosus sp. nov. has a quite peculiar aedeagus (Fig. 15), which will readily distinguish it from the other known species of the genus. The aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, has a row of dorsal spines that become larger toward the apex, the last spine being much larger than the previous ones (Fig. 15). The paraphyses rami are robust and obtuse apically (Fig. 15). In the female terminalia, a peculiar bifurcate structure was observed in association with the first valvifer and valvula (Figs 20, 21). This kind of structure was also observed in F. unciformis sp. nov. (Figs 54, 55)., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on pages 104-105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615

Fonsecaiulus unciformis sp. nov. (Figs 43–60) Etymology. The specific epithet, unciformis, refers to the hook-shaped apical portion of the paraphyses rami in lateral view (Fig. 49). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.63; female paratype 5.69. Color (Figs 43–45). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 46), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; without processes; sparse macrosetae of distinct sizes distributed mostly on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 47), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 46, 47), in ventral view, with basal half broad and apical half narrow, outer margin rounded at basal half; plate fused along basal third to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 48), in dorsal view, subquadrate, without stalk, with slight median keel. Style (Fig. 48), in dorsal view, extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis without preapical lobe; apical portion strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex truncate, foot-shaped. Aedeagus (Figs 49, 50) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, elongate, subcylindrical, curved dorsally, with acute apex; without processes; gonopore located ventrally at apical third. Paraphyses (Figs 49, 50), in lateral view, with elongate rami, each one with ventral subquadrate lobe at median portion and with apex curved ventrally, hook-shaped. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 51–53), in ventral view, with posterior margin trilobed; median lobe broad, subquadrate. “Internal” sternite VIII without distinct sclerites. First valvifer (Figs 54, 55), in lateral view, somewhat trapezoidal; anterior portion with sclerotized bifurcated structure with short dorsal and long ventral branch associated with first valvula (indicated by an arrow in Fig. 54 and magnified in Fig. 55); surface of this structure distinctly covered by tegumentary processes. First valvula (Figs 54, 56), second valvula (Figs 57–59), and gonoplac (Fig. 60) much as described for F. spinosus sp. nov. Second valvula with about 22 teeth. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, \ São Roque P. N. [Parque Nacional] Serra \ da Canastra \ 14–19.xii.2013 Malaise \ Melo & Rosa legs.” (DZUP). Paratypes: one female, same data as the holotype (DZUP); one female, “BRA [Brazil], MG [Minas Gerais], Serra do Salitre, \ RPPN [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] Cachoeira do Campo \ (19º09′45,7”S / 46º34′01,9”W, \ alt. 1063m) 11–15.X.2012 \ Lima & Kumagai col.” (DZUP). Remarks. Males of F. unciformis sp. nov. can be recognized by the subquadrate lobe at the median portion and the hook-shaped apex of the paraphyses rami (Figs 49, 50). In females, the posterior margin of the sternite VII is characteristically trilobed (Fig. 53) and, as aforementioned, a peculiar bifurcate structure is associated with the first valvifer and valvula of the ovipositor (Figs 54, 55).

Fonsecaiulus spinosus sp. nov. (Figs 9–26) Etymology. The specific epithet, spinosus, refers to the dorsal row of spines and crown of apical spines on the aedeagal shaft (Figs 15, 16). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.75; male paratype 5.81; female paratype 6.13. Color (Figs 9–11). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 12), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin subtriangular; without processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 13), in ventral view, short and broad, with distinct median constriction. Subgenital plate (Figs 12, 13), in ventral view, broad at basal third and narrow at apical two-thirds, these areas separated by slight constriction; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with three tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal third, located close to one another, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 14), in dorsal view, short and broad, with posterior margin deeply notched, without stalk. Style (Fig. 14), in dorsal view, elongate, extending much farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with preapical, slight angulate lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex subtruncate. Aedeagus (Figs 15, 16) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, curved dorsally and very tall; dorsal margin with row of spines that are larger toward apex (last spine much larger than previous ones and with apex curved anteriorly); apex broad; in ventral view, shaft flattened and with crown of apical spines; gonopore located ventroapically. Paraphyses (Figs 15, 16) with membranous base; in lateral view, rami robust, directed dorsally, and with obtuse apex. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 17–19), in ventral view, subtriangularly produced posterolaterally; posterior margin with moderately produced median lobe. “Internal” sternite VIII without distinct sclerites. Pygofer (Figs 17, 18), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; apex narrowly rounded; surface with row of sparse macrosetae along ventroapical margin and a few grouped near apex. First valvifer (Figs 20, 21), in lateral view, somewhat elliptical; anterior portion with rigidly attached, sclerotized bifurcated structure associated with first valvula (indicated by an arrow in Fig. 20 and magnified in Fig. 21); surface of this structure distinctly covered by denticuli. First valvula (Figs 20, 22), in lateral view, with basal portion enlarged and subrectangular; basal margin truncate and oblique in ventral view; dorsal sculptured area extending from basal portion to apex of blade, formed mostly by scalelike processes arranged in oblique lines, except basally with more linear processes; ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion of blade, formed by scalelike processes; blade apex acute. Second valvula (Figs 23–25), in lateral view, broadened beyond basal curvature, narrowing slightly toward narrowly rounded apex; ventral margin approximately rectilinear; preapical prominence distinct, obtuse; dorsal margin with approximately 20 mostly triangular continuous teeth, extending from expanded basal portion to apical portion of blade; most teeth with steep, short ascending portion, and gradually declivous, long descending portion; denticles distributed on teeth and on apical portion of blade, except on apex; ventral dentate apical portion distinctly longer than dorsal portion; blade with ducts attaining teeth or terminating below them, also extending to apex. Gonoplac (Fig. 26) of the usual Cicadellinae type: in lateral view, with basal half distinctly narrow, abruptly expanded on median portion; ventral margin slightly concave on median third; apex narrowly rounded. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, \ São Roque P. N. [Parque Nacional] Serra \ da Canastra \ 14–19.xii.2013 Malaise \ Melo & Rosa legs.” (DZUP). Paratypes: two males and one female, same data as the holotype (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus spinosus sp. nov. has a quite peculiar aedeagus (Fig. 15), which will readily distinguish it from the other known species of the genus. The aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, has a row of dorsal spines that become larger toward the apex, the last spine being much larger than the previous ones (Fig. 15). The paraphyses rami are robust and obtuse apically (Fig. 15). In the female terminalia, a peculiar bifurcate structure was observed in association with the first valvifer and valvula (Figs 20, 21). This kind of structure was also observed in F. unciformis sp. nov. (Figs 54, 55).

Key to males of Fonsecaiulus 1. Crown and pronotum with lateral portions brown, without longitudinal yellow stripes (Felix et al. 2015: figs 4a, b, h)..... 2 - Crown and pronotum with lateral pair of longitudinal yellow stripes (Figs 1, 9, 27, 43, 61, 79, 97)..................... 3 2. Dorsal yellow stripe broad and occupying most of claval region (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4h), its outer boarder markedly serrated on clavus; costal yellow mark large and rounded (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4h); aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft moderately broad and with long dorsoapical acute process (Young 1977: fig. 624f)................... F. dorsifascia (Osborn, 1926) - Dorsal yellow stripe narrower and not occupying most of claval region (Felix et al. 2015: figs 4a, b), its outer boarder slightly sinuous on clavus; costal yellow mark a very small dot (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4b); aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft slender and bearing long apical acute process continuing shaft shape (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 4f)...... F. filiformis Felix et al., 2015 3. Mesonotum dark brown, rarely with small faint yellow marks anteriorly; paraphyses with pair of long and narrow rami, each with short process on median portion and a shorter one on apical portion (Young 1977: fig. 626h)... F. sciotus Young, 1977 - Mesonotum with distinct longitudinal yellow stripes; paraphyses, when present, with rami not as above................ 4 4. Paraphyses with pair of long bifid rami, each one bifurcated from the basal portion (Young 1977: fig. 627h).............................................................................................. F. gaudialis Young, 1977 - Paraphyses, when present, with pair of simple rami, at most bifurcated only in the apical portion (Felix et al. 2015: figs 2f, g; Figs 6, 7, 33, 34, 67, 68)............................................................................... 5 5. Pygofer very long, about three times longer than high in lateral view (Fig. 30); paraphyses with rami very long, extending posteriorly much farther than aedeagus apex (Figs 33, 34).................................... F. longiramus sp. nov. - Pygofer broad, at most about two times longer than high in lateral view (Figs 4, 12, 38, 46, 64, 82, 100); paraphyses, when present, with rami shorter, ending anterad of aedeagus apex (Figs 15, 67) or extending posteriorly at most a little farther than aedeagus apex (Fig. 7)................................................................................. 6 6. Subgenital plates with apical third narrowed in ventral view (Fig. 5); aedeagal shaft with strong acute dorsal process on apical third (Fig. 7)........................................................................... F. youngi sp. nov. - Subgenital plates narrowed along apical half (Fig. 31) or along apical two-thirds (Fig. 13), or subtriangular (Figs 39, 83); aedeagal shaft without such process...................................................................... 7 7. Paraphyses with rami crossing each other on median portion (Young 1977: figs 625q, r)....... F. cognatus (Schmidt, 1928) - Paraphyses, when present, with rami not crossing each other or crossing only on apical portion (Figs 8, 16, 34, 50, 68).... 8 8. Aedeagus with pair of long and slender basiventral processes that are acute apically (Figs 41, 42, 85, 86, 103, 104); paraphyses absent.............................................................................................. 9 - Aedeagus without basiventral processes (Figs 7, 15, 33, 49, 67); paraphyses present............................... 11 9. Aedeagus with basiventral processes not extending posteriorly beyond middle of shaft (Fig. 85); shaft long, tubular, with apex slightly tapered, bearing pair of ventral small acute processes (Figs 85, 86)......................... F. takiyae sp. nov. - Aedeagus with basiventral processes attaining or exceeding apex of shaft (Figs 41, 103); shaft shorter and expanded on apical half (Figs 41, 103)................................................................................... 10 10. Pygofer truncate posteriorly (Fig. 100); aedeagus with basiventral processes slightly curved medially on apical portion (Fig. 104)............................................................................... F. truncatus sp. nov. - Pygofer broadly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 38); aedeagus with basiventral processes slightly divergent (Fig. 42)............................................................................................. F. alvarengai sp. nov. 11. Connective with stalk very long (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 2e); aedeagus strongly curved ventrally and with broad apex (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 2f); paraphyses with short basal plate and pair of long and broad complex rami, each ramus with four acute processes (Felix et al. 2015: figs 2f, g).................................................... F. guttiformis Felix et al., 2015 - Connective without stalk (Figs 14, 32, 40, 48, 66) or with stalk very short (Figs 84, 102); aedeagus curved dorsally (Figs 49, 67); paraphyses without basal plate and with rami not as above............................................... 12 12. Clavus with one continuous oblique yellow stripe on central portion, not attaining claval apex (Fig. 61); connective with distinct stalk (Fig. 66)....................................................................................... 13 - Clavus with one broad yellow stripe extending posteriorly to claval apex, interrupted by a median dark elongate macula (Fig. 43); connective without stalk (Fig. 48)................................................................... 15 13. Aedeagus with apex truncate to slightly concave in lateral view (Felix et al. 2015: fig. 1g); paraphyses with pair of long simple rami (Felix et al. 2015: figs 1g, h).............................................. F. rectangularis Felix et al., 2015 - Aedeagus with apex tapered, acute in lateral view (Fig. 67); paraphyses with pair of complex rami, bearing variable processes (Fig. 67)........................................................................................... 14 14. Paraphyses pincer-like, with distal portion of each ramus with two acute processes, one directed dorsally and another posteriorly (Fig. 67)............................................................................. F. chelatus sp. nov. - Paraphyses with each ramus bearing slender, acute dorsal process on median portion and conspicuous dorsoapical process with apical portion curved posteriorly (Young 1977: fig. 622r)................................. F. flavovittata (Stål, 1859) 15. Aedeagus with shaft elongate, subcylindrical and with acute apex, without processes (Figs 49, 50); paraphyses with each ramus bearing ventral subquadrate lobe at median portion and with apex curved ventrally, hook-shaped (Figs 49, 50).............................................................................................. F. unciformis sp. nov. - Aedeagus with shaft very tall and with broad apex (Fig. 15); paraphyses with rami not curved apically, without lobe at median portion (Figs 15, 16)................................................................................. 16 16. Aedeagus with irregular dorsoapical process (Young 1977: fig. 623f); paraphyses with rami slender, with apex acute (Young 1977: fig. 623p).......................................................... F. sanguineovittata (Signoret, 1855) - Aedeagus with dorsal row of spines, shaft, in ventral view, with crown of apical spines (Figs 15, 16); paraphyses with rami robust, with apex obtuse (Figs 15, 16)..................................................... F. spinosus sp. nov., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on page 122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615, {"references":["Felix, M., Antunes, C., Carvalho, R. A. & Mejdalani, G. (2015) Three new species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini) from Brazil and key to species of the genus. ZooKeys, 526, 131 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 526.6154","Young, D. A. (1977) Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Part 2. New World Cicadellini and the genus Cicadella. Technical Bulletin of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, 239, 1 - 1135."]}

Fonsecaiulus unciformis sp. nov. (Figs 43–60) Etymology. The specific epithet, unciformis, refers to the hook-shaped apical portion of the paraphyses rami in lateral view (Fig. 49). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.63; female paratype 5.69. Color (Figs 43–45). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 46), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; without processes; sparse macrosetae of distinct sizes distributed mostly on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 47), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 46, 47), in ventral view, with basal half broad and apical half narrow, outer margin rounded at basal half; plate fused along basal third to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 48), in dorsal view, subquadrate, without stalk, with slight median keel. Style (Fig. 48), in dorsal view, extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis without preapical lobe; apical portion strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex truncate, foot-shaped. Aedeagus (Figs 49, 50) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, elongate, subcylindrical, curved dorsally, with acute apex; without processes; gonopore located ventrally at apical third. Paraphyses (Figs 49, 50), in lateral view, with elongate rami, each one with ventral subquadrate lobe at median portion and with apex curved ventrally, hook-shaped. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 51–53), in ventral view, with posterior margin trilobed; median lobe broad, subquadrate. “Internal” sternite VIII without distinct sclerites. First valvifer (Figs 54, 55), in lateral view, somewhat trapezoidal; anterior portion with sclerotized bifurcated structure with short dorsal and long ventral branch associated with first valvula (indicated by an arrow in Fig. 54 and magnified in Fig. 55); surface of this structure distinctly covered by tegumentary processes. First valvula (Figs 54, 56), second valvula (Figs 57–59), and gonoplac (Fig. 60) much as described for F. spinosus sp. nov. Second valvula with about 22 teeth. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, \ São Roque P. N. [Parque Nacional] Serra \ da Canastra \ 14–19.xii.2013 Malaise \ Melo & Rosa legs.” (DZUP). Paratypes: one female, same data as the holotype (DZUP); one female, “BRA [Brazil], MG [Minas Gerais], Serra do Salitre, \ RPPN [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] Cachoeira do Campo \ (19º09′45,7”S / 46º34′01,9”W, \ alt. 1063m) 11–15.X.2012 \ Lima & Kumagai col.” (DZUP). Remarks. Males of F. unciformis sp. nov. can be recognized by the subquadrate lobe at the median portion and the hook-shaped apex of the paraphyses rami (Figs 49, 50). In females, the posterior margin of the sternite VII is characteristically trilobed (Fig. 53) and, as aforementioned, a peculiar bifurcate structure is associated with the first valvifer and valvula of the ovipositor (Figs 54, 55)., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on pages 110-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615

Fonsecaiulus longiramus sp. nov. (Figs 27–34) Etymology. The specific epithet, longiramus, refers to the very long paraphyses rami (Fig. 33). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.44. Color (Figs 27–29). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 30), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin subtriangular; without processes; sparse macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 31), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave medially. Subgenital plate (Figs 30, 31), in ventral view, subtriangular, broad at basal half and narrow at apical half, outer margin rounded at basal half; plate fused to its counterpart along basal third; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 32), in dorsal view, without stalk, forming transverse bar, with median keel. Style (Fig. 32), in dorsal view, elongate, extending much farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with inconspicuous preapical lobe; portion behind lobe distinctly narrowed, bearing setae; apex truncate, foot-shaped. Aedeagus (Figs 33, 34) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, elongate, subcylindrical, strongly curved dorsally, with acute apex; without processes; gonopore located ventrally at apical third. Paraphyses (Figs 33, 34), in lateral view, with rami very elongate, extending almost as far posteriorly as pygofer apex, each one with apical portion curved ventrally and expanded, apex truncate and with pair of lateral small spines; in ventral view, basal half of each ramus with slender process directed medially. Female unknown. Type material. Holotype: male, “ BRASIL Maranhão, Mirador \ Parque Estadual Mirador \ Base de Geraldina \ 063726S–455209W \ 28–30.ix.2006, J.A. Rafael & \ F.L. Oliveira, Varredura” (DZUP). Remarks. In F. longiramus sp. nov., the paraphyses rami are extremely elongate with expanded apices (Figs 33, 34), two conditions that will easily distinguish it from the remaining known species of the genus. The pygofer is also strongly produced, extending posteriorly much farther than the subgenital plates (Fig. 30)., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on pages 107-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615

Fonsecaiulus alvarengai sp. nov. (Figs 35–42) Etymology. This species is named in honor of the late Air Force Officer Moacyr Alvarenga (1915–2010), who was a gifted collector of insects and thus contributed greatly to the development of Brazilian entomology. He was the collector of the type series of this new species. Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.44; male paratype 5.50. Color (Figs 35–37). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal pale yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to mesonotum; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes very narrow; veins of clavus and claval sulcus pale yellow. Corium with some longitudinal veins partially pale yellow. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 38), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; without processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes distributed mostly on distal half of disk. Valve (Fig. 39), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin concave; posterior margin broadly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 38, 39), in ventral view, subtriangular; outer margin rounded at basal half; plate fused along basal three-fifths to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 40), in dorsal view, forming transverse bar, without stalk, slightly curved posteriorly, with dorsal median keel. Style (Fig. 40), in dorsal view, extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with slight, rounded preapical lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex acute. Aedeagus (Figs 41, 42) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, tubular, expanded apically, directed dorsally; basiventral area with pair of elongate acute processes, extending farther posteriorly than aedeagal shaft; gonopore located preapically at ventral margin. Paraphyses absent. Female unknown. Type material. Holotype: male, “ BRAZIL: \ M. Alvarenga \ B.M. 1971-165.” (DZUP). Paratypes: two males, same data as the holotype (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus alvarengai sp. nov., which unfortunately is currently known from three males with only “ Brazil ” as locality information, is one of three of our new species that have no paraphyses; the other two are F. takiyae sp. nov. and F. truncatus sp. nov. (see descriptions and remarks below). The absence of paraphyses is a condition that was not mentioned by Young (1977) in the original description of the genus, and the three new species described by Felix et al. (2015) have these structures. In addition to the absence of paraphyses, F. alvarengai can be recognized by the apically expanded aedeagus, which bears at base a pair of elongate acute processes (Figs 41, 42). The outer margin of the subgenital plate is rounded at the basal half (Fig. 39)., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on pages 108-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615, {"references":["Young, D. A. (1977) Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Part 2. New World Cicadellini and the genus Cicadella. Technical Bulletin of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, 239, 1 - 1135.","Felix, M., Antunes, C., Carvalho, R. A. & Mejdalani, G. (2015) Three new species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini) from Brazil and key to species of the genus. ZooKeys, 526, 131 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 526.6154"]}

Fonsecaiulus takiyae sp. nov. (Figs 79–96) Etymology. This species is named in honor of our colleague and friend Prof. Dr. Daniela M. Takiya (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), who has greatly contributed to our knowledge of the Cicadellidae and other insects. Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.50; male paratypes 5.20–5.60 (n = 3); female paratypes 5.55–5.90 (n = 3). Color (Figs 79–81). Dorsum dark brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes; median stripe broad, extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus, narrowed posteriorly on basal half of clavus; lateral stripes narrow, extending from anterior margin of crown to posterior margin of mesonotum; veins of clavus and claval sulcus covered with yellow. Corium with two irregular yellow stripes extending from anterior portion of brachial cell and connecting posteriorly to each other on inner anteapical cell, outer stripe narrower than inner one; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 82), in lateral view, well produced posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly rounded; without processes; sparse macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 83), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 82–83), in ventral view, subtriangular, basal half broad and with outer margin rounded; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 84), in dorsal view, forming transverse bar, with small stalk, slightly curved posteriorly, with dorsal median keel. Style (Fig. 84), in dorsal view, short but extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with inconspicuous preapical lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, falciform, bearing setae; apex tapered. Aedeagus (Figs 85, 86), in lateral view, elongate, tubular, tapering slightly toward apex; with pair of slender, acute basiventral processes and pair of small, acute ventroapical processes; gonopore located apically. Paraphyses absent. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 87–89), in ventral view, with posterior margin trilobed; median lobe broad, rounded. “Internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, with sclerotized areas, including three distinct sclerites (indicated by arrows in Fig. 91). First valvifer (Fig. 90), in lateral view, subquadrate. First valvula (Figs 90, 92), second valvula (Figs 93–95), and gonoplac (Fig. 96) much as described for F. spinosus sp. nov. Second valvula with about 32 teeth. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Paraná, S. [São] J. [José] dos \ Pinhais, 25°36′18″S \ 49°11′37″W 880m \ 13.VIII.2016 Sweep \ A. C. Domahovski leg.” (DZUP). Paratypes: one female, same data as the holotype except “ 19.III.2016 ” (DZUP); one male and one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–28.II.2018 ” (MNRJ); three females, same data as preceding except “ 05–15.XII.2018 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.XII.2018 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–28.II.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.I.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); two males and one female, same data as preceding except “ 28–30.III.2019 ” and “Sweep” (CEIOC); one female, same data as preceding except “ 13. IV.2019 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 15–19.IV.2019 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.VIII.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 11– 28.IX.2019 ” and “Sweep” (DZUP); four males and seven females, same data as preceding except “ 14–31.XII.2019 ” (two couples in DZRJ and MNRJ, three females in MZSP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01– 31.XII.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); one male and two females, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.I.2020 ” (CEIOC); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.III.2020 ” (CEIOC); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–30.IX.2021 ” and “Sweep” (MZSP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.III.2021 ” (MZSP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 08–20.III.2020 ” (DZUP); one male, “ Brasil, Paraná, Morretes \ Estrada da Inhanha [do Anhaia], \ 25°34′38″S 48°52′12″W \ 400m 11.XI.2016 Sweep \ A.C. Domahovski & R.R. \ Cavichioli leg.” (DZRJ); one female, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina \ Res. [Reserva] Rio Cachoeira, 50m \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 23–27.I.2017 Sweep \ A.C. Domahovski leg.” (DZRJ); one female, same data as preceding except “ 23–27.X.2017 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 25–26.III.2017 ” (DZUP); one female, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina, \ R.P.P.N. [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] Guaricica, \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 31.I–04.II.2022, Malaise \ Solo, Trilha dos Fornos \ Entomologia—UFPR” (DZUP); one male, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina, R.P.P.N. [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] \ Guaricica, 25.316°S 48.696°W, \ 17.II–04.III.2022, Malaise Susp. [Suspensa], \ Trilha dos Pinheiros, G. Melo, R. \ R. Cavichioli & A.C. Domahovski ” (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus takiyae sp. nov. is our second new species that has no paraphyses. In addition to this feature, it can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the elongate aedeagus, which has a pair of slender, acute basiventral processes and a pair of small, acute ventroapical processes (Figs 85, 86). The posterior margin of the female sternite VII in F. takiyae is trilobed as in F. unciformis sp. nov., but the median lobe is rounded in the former species (Fig. 89) and subquadrate in the latter one (Fig. 53). The “internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, has three distinct sclerites (Fig. 91)., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on pages 115-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615

Fonsecaiulus youngi sp. nov. (Figs 1–8) Etymology. This species is named in honor of the late Prof. Dr. David A. Young (1915–1991), who published three impressive monographs on the Cicadellinae (1968, 1977, 1986). Fonsecaiulus was described in the 1977 monograph. Total length (mm). Male holotype 6.13. Color (Figs 1–3). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 4), in lateral view, well produced posteriorly; posterior margin subtriangular; without processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 5), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 4, 5), in ventral view, broad at basal two-thirds and narrow at apical third, these areas not separated by constriction; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal two-thirds, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 6), in dorsal view, short, Y-shaped; stalk with median keel. Style (Fig. 6), in dorsal view, extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with preapical, slight angulate lobe; portion behind lobe narrowed, bearing setae; apex slightly expanded, truncate. Aedeagus (Figs 7, 8) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, curved dorsally and tall; dorsal margin with elongate preapical spine directed posteriorly; apex acute; in ventral view, shaft flattened for most of its length, slightly expanded apically, apical portion with fusiform crown of spines; gonopore located ventroapically. Paraphyses (Figs 7, 8), in lateral view, with pair of sinuous acute rami, extending as far posteriorly as aedeagal apex. Female unknown. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, \ PN [Parque Nacional] da Serra do Cipó 9– \ 13.XII.2011 (Malaise) \ Santana do Riacho, \ Córrego das Pedras”; “ 19°22′17″S \ 43°36′03″W 766m \ Monné, M.L.; Santos, \ A.; Takiya, D.M. & \ Cavichioli, R.R.” (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus youngi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the aedeagus, in lateral view, with an elongate preapical spine directed posteriorly (Fig. 7) and, in ventral view, with a fusiform crown of spines (Fig. 8). The paraphyses in this new species have a pair of sinuous acute rami that extend as far posteriorly as the aedeagal apex (Figs 7, 8) and the subgenital plates are narrowed at the apical third (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on pages 102-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615

Fonsecaiulus youngi sp. nov. (Figs 1–8) Etymology. This species is named in honor of the late Prof. Dr. David A. Young (1915–1991), who published three impressive monographs on the Cicadellinae (1968, 1977, 1986). Fonsecaiulus was described in the 1977 monograph. Total length (mm). Male holotype 6.13. Color (Figs 1–3). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 4), in lateral view, well produced posteriorly; posterior margin subtriangular; without processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 5), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 4, 5), in ventral view, broad at basal two-thirds and narrow at apical third, these areas not separated by constriction; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal two-thirds, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 6), in dorsal view, short, Y-shaped; stalk with median keel. Style (Fig. 6), in dorsal view, extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with preapical, slight angulate lobe; portion behind lobe narrowed, bearing setae; apex slightly expanded, truncate. Aedeagus (Figs 7, 8) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, curved dorsally and tall; dorsal margin with elongate preapical spine directed posteriorly; apex acute; in ventral view, shaft flattened for most of its length, slightly expanded apically, apical portion with fusiform crown of spines; gonopore located ventroapically. Paraphyses (Figs 7, 8), in lateral view, with pair of sinuous acute rami, extending as far posteriorly as aedeagal apex. Female unknown. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, \ PN [Parque Nacional] da Serra do Cipó 9– \ 13.XII.2011 (Malaise) \ Santana do Riacho, \ Córrego das Pedras”; “ 19°22′17″S \ 43°36′03″W 766m \ Monné, M.L.; Santos, \ A.; Takiya, D.M. & \ Cavichioli, R.R.” (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus youngi sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the aedeagus, in lateral view, with an elongate preapical spine directed posteriorly (Fig. 7) and, in ventral view, with a fusiform crown of spines (Fig. 8). The paraphyses in this new species have a pair of sinuous acute rami that extend as far posteriorly as the aedeagal apex (Figs 7, 8) and the subgenital plates are narrowed at the apical third (Fig. 5).

Fonsecaiulus chelatus sp. nov. (Figs 61–78) Etymology. The specific epithet, chelatus, refers to the shape of the apical portion of the paraphyses rami in lateral view (Fig. 67). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.50; male paratypes 5.50–5.95 (n = 3); female paratypes 5.56–6.06 (n = 3). Color (Figs 61–63). Dorsum dark brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes; median stripe extending from anterior margin of crown to transverse sulcus of mesonotum, narrowed posteriorly from anterior margin of pronotum; lateral stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to about two-thirds of clavus. Corium with longitudinal yellow stripe parallel to claval sulcus, extending from apical portion of lateral stripe to inner anteapical cell; yellow spot on outer anteapical cell. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 64), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly rounded; posteroventral margin forming pair of small, inner dentiform processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes distributed mostly on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 65), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 64, 65), in ventral view, broad at basal third and narrow at apical two-thirds, outer margin rounded at basal third; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal third, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style lobe and posterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate elongate, extending posteriorly for about three-fourths of pygofer length. Connective (Fig. 66), in dorsal view, subquadrate, stalk small and broad, with slight median keel. Style (Fig. 66), in dorsal view, short but extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with inconspicuous preapical lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex truncate. Aedeagus (Figs 67–68) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, elongate, curved posterodorsally, base tall, apical third tapered; gonopore located ventrally at apical third. Paraphyses (Figs 67–68), in lateral view, with distinct stalk; rami tall, elongate, attaining median portion of aedeagus, their distal portion with two acute processes, one directed dorsally and another posteriorly; in ventral view, rami divergent at apical half. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 69–71), in ventral view, with posterior margin simple, distinctly emarginate in unmacerated specimens and more broadly rounded in macerated ones. “Internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, with sclerotized areas, including conspicuous semilunar sclerite (indicated by an arrow in Fig. 73). First valvifer (Fig. 72), in lateral view, somewhat elliptical. First valvula (Figs 72, 74), second valvula (Figs 75–77), and gonoplac (Fig. 78) much as described for F. spinosus sp. nov. Second valvula with about 25 teeth. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina, \ R.P.P.N. [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] Guaricica, \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 15–19.IV.2019, Sweep \ Entomologia—UFPR” (DZUP). Paratypes: three males and four females, same data as the holotype (DZUP); one male and two females, same data as the holotype, except “luz solo” (MZSP); three males and three females, “ Brasil, PR, Antonina, \ RPPN— Guaricica, 50m \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 23–27.X.2017 Malaise \ A. Domahovski, G. Melo, \ A. Pinto & M. Savaris ” (one couple in DZRJ, CEIOC, and MNRJ); one female: “ Brasil, Paraná, Antonina \ Res. [Reserva] Nat. [Natural] Guaricica, 50m, \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 05–09.XI.2018 sweep \ Entomologia UFPR” (DZUP); three males, “MORRETES— PR \ Iapar [Instituto Ambiental do Paraná] \ 23-XI-1984 \ CIIF [Centro de Identificação de Insetos Fitófagos] (LUMINOSA)” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 7 a 8-XII-1985 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “26-XI a 3-XII-84” and “(MALAISE)” (DZUP); one female, “MORRETES— PR \ 18-II-1985 \ CIIF—LUMINOSA” (DZUP). Remarks. In F. chelatus sp. nov. the rami of the paraphyses bear apically two acute processes, which give each ramus a pincer-like appearance (Fig. 67). The distal two-thirds of the subgenital plates are narrowed (Fig. 65). The “internal” female sternite VIII in this species bears a characteristic semilunar sclerite (Fig. 73)., Published as part of Felix, Márcio, Mejdalani, Gabriel, Domahovski, Alexandre C. & Cavichioli, Rodney R., 2022, Eight new Brazilian species of Fonsecaiulus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) new records of species, and key to males of the genus, pp. 101-124 in Zootaxa 5195 (2) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7184615

Fonsecaiulus alvarengai sp. nov. (Figs 35–42) Etymology. This species is named in honor of the late Air Force Officer Moacyr Alvarenga (1915–2010), who was a gifted collector of insects and thus contributed greatly to the development of Brazilian entomology. He was the collector of the type series of this new species. Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.44; male paratype 5.50. Color (Figs 35–37). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal pale yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to mesonotum; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes very narrow; veins of clavus and claval sulcus pale yellow. Corium with some longitudinal veins partially pale yellow. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 38), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; without processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes distributed mostly on distal half of disk. Valve (Fig. 39), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin concave; posterior margin broadly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 38, 39), in ventral view, subtriangular; outer margin rounded at basal half; plate fused along basal three-fifths to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 40), in dorsal view, forming transverse bar, without stalk, slightly curved posteriorly, with dorsal median keel. Style (Fig. 40), in dorsal view, extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with slight, rounded preapical lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex acute. Aedeagus (Figs 41, 42) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, tubular, expanded apically, directed dorsally; basiventral area with pair of elongate acute processes, extending farther posteriorly than aedeagal shaft; gonopore located preapically at ventral margin. Paraphyses absent. Female unknown. Type material. Holotype: male, “ BRAZIL: \ M. Alvarenga \ B.M. 1971-165.” (DZUP). Paratypes: two males, same data as the holotype (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus alvarengai sp. nov., which unfortunately is currently known from three males with only “ Brazil ” as locality information, is one of three of our new species that have no paraphyses; the other two are F. takiyae sp. nov. and F. truncatus sp. nov. (see descriptions and remarks below). The absence of paraphyses is a condition that was not mentioned by Young (1977) in the original description of the genus, and the three new species described by Felix et al. (2015) have these structures. In addition to the absence of paraphyses, F. alvarengai can be recognized by the apically expanded aedeagus, which bears at base a pair of elongate acute processes (Figs 41, 42). The outer margin of the subgenital plate is rounded at the basal half (Fig. 39).

Fonsecaiulus longiramus sp. nov. (Figs 27–34) Etymology. The specific epithet, longiramus, refers to the very long paraphyses rami (Fig. 33). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.44. Color (Figs 27–29). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus; median stripe narrowed posteriorly from median portion of pronotum, continuing as narrow line along commissural margins; lateral stripes strongly narrowed on median portion of clavus. Corium with irregular yellow stripe extending from anterior portion of brachial cell to inner anteapical cell, strongly narrowed along anterior third; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 30), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin subtriangular; without processes; sparse macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 31), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave medially. Subgenital plate (Figs 30, 31), in ventral view, subtriangular, broad at basal half and narrow at apical half, outer margin rounded at basal half; plate fused to its counterpart along basal third; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 32), in dorsal view, without stalk, forming transverse bar, with median keel. Style (Fig. 32), in dorsal view, elongate, extending much farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with inconspicuous preapical lobe; portion behind lobe distinctly narrowed, bearing setae; apex truncate, foot-shaped. Aedeagus (Figs 33, 34) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, elongate, subcylindrical, strongly curved dorsally, with acute apex; without processes; gonopore located ventrally at apical third. Paraphyses (Figs 33, 34), in lateral view, with rami very elongate, extending almost as far posteriorly as pygofer apex, each one with apical portion curved ventrally and expanded, apex truncate and with pair of lateral small spines; in ventral view, basal half of each ramus with slender process directed medially. Female unknown. Type material. Holotype: male, “ BRASIL Maranhão, Mirador \ Parque Estadual Mirador \ Base de Geraldina \ 063726S–455209W \ 28–30.ix.2006, J.A. Rafael & \ F.L. Oliveira, Varredura” (DZUP). Remarks. In F. longiramus sp. nov., the paraphyses rami are extremely elongate with expanded apices (Figs 33, 34), two conditions that will easily distinguish it from the remaining known species of the genus. The pygofer is also strongly produced, extending posteriorly much farther than the subgenital plates (Fig. 30).

Fonsecaiulus truncatus sp. nov. (Figs 97–114) Etymology. The specific epithet, truncatus, refers to the shape of the posterior margin of the male pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 100). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.38; male paratypes 5.13–5.75 (n = 4); female paratypes 5.44–5.63 (n = 3). Color (Figs 97–99). Dorsum brown with three longitudinal pale yellow stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to posterior margin of mesonotum; median stripe narrowed between pronotum and mesonotum; lateral stripes very narrowed; commissural margin, veins of clavus, and claval sulcus almost entirely pale yellow. Corium with some longitudinal veins partially pale yellow; two pale yellow maculae, one adjacent to median portion of claval sulcus and another on inner anteapical cell. Male terminalia.Pygofer (Fig. 100), in lateral view, slightly produced posteriorly; posterior margin truncate, with inner fold; without processes; sparse macrosetae of distinct sizes distributed mostly on posterior half, except dorsally. Valve (Fig. 101), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 100, 101), in ventral view, with basal third broad, pronounced, and with outer margin rounded; plate fused along basal half to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two strong dentiform processes at apical portion of basal third, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate extending almost as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 102), in dorsal view, forming transverse bar, with small stalk, slightly curved posteriorly, with dorsal median keel. Style (Fig. 102), in dorsal view, short but extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with conspicuous, pronounced preapical lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex tapered. Aedeagus (Figs 103, 104) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, elongate, expanded apically, with pair of basiventral, acute elongate processes, extending posteriorly slightly beyond pygofer apex; gonopore located ventrally at apical third. Paraphyses absent. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 105–107), in ventral view, with posterior margin, in unmacerated specimens, slightly emarginate, median portion with pair of slight concavities on each side of small median dentiform projection; posterior margin, in macerated specimens, triangularly produced. “Internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, with sclerotized areas, including broad anterior sclerite and rounded posterior sclerite (indicated by arrows in Fig. 109). First valvifer (Fig. 108), in lateral view, subrectangular. First valvula (Figs 108, 110), second valvula (Figs 111–113), and gonoplac (Fig. 114) much as described for F. spinosus sp. nov. Second valvula with about 30 teeth. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Paraná, S. [São] J. [José] dos \ Pinhais, 25°36′18″S \ 49°11′37″W 880m \ 01–31.XII.2019 Malaise \ A. C. Domahovski leg.” (DZUP); two females, same data as the holotype (DZUP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 11.V.2011 ” and “Sweep” (DZUP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 18.VIII.2011 ” (DZUP); one male and one female, same data as preceding except “ 02.V.2015 ” (MNRJ); three females, same data as preceding except “ 30.v.2015 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 06. IV.2016 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 27.VII.2016 ” (DZUP); five males and five females, same data as preceding except “ 01–30.X.2016 ” (DZUP); four females, same data as preceding except “ 01–28.II.2018 ” (DZUP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 04.III.2018 ” (DZUP); one male and three females, same data as preceding except “ 05–15.XII.2018 ” (DZUP); one male and one female, same data as preceding except “ 01– 31.XII.2018 ” and “Malaise” (DZRJ); one female, same data as preceding except “ 28–30.III.2019 ” and “Sweep” (DZUP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 13.IV.2019 ” (DZUP); one male and two females, same data as preceding except “ 11–28.IX.2019 ” (CEIOC); two females, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.X.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); one male and two females, same data as preceding except “ 09.XI.2019 ” and “Sweep” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–30.XI.2019 ” (DZUP); three females, same data as preceding except “ 14–31.XII.2019 ” and “Sweep” (DZRJ); three males, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.III.2020 ” and “Malaise” (DZRJ, MNRJ, CEIOC); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–12.I.2020 ” and “Sweep” (MZSP); three females, same data as preceding except “ 08–22.II.2020 ” (MNRJ); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01– 31.III.2020 ” and “Malaise” (CEIOC); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–30.IV.2020 ” (CEIOC); one female, same data as preceding except “ 19.X.2020 ” and “Sweep” (CEIOC); one female, “ Brasil, Paraná, São José \ dos Pinhais, Br277 Km54 \ (Torre—Telepar) 1060m \ 25°33′18″S 48°58′22″W \ Malaise 18–25.VIII.2015 \ ACD & RRC leg.” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 15–22.IX.2015 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 22–31.IX.2015 ” (DZUP); one male and one female, “ Brasil, Paraná, Piraquara \ Mananciais da Serra, \ proximidades do Reservató- \ rio do Carvalho, 01.II.2019 \ A.C. Domahovski leg.” (DZUP); one female, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Piraquara, \ Mananciais da Serra, \ 25.4967°S 48.9839°W, \ 1010m, malaise \ 01–16.II.2019 G. Melo \ & A. Martins leg.” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 16.II–11.III.2019 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 30.III–14.IV.2020 ” (MZSP); one female, “ Brasil, Paraná, Piraquara, Ma- \ nanciais da Serra, 25.4967°S \ 48.9839°W, 1010m, Sweep, \ 30.XI.2021 A.P. Pinto & \ A.C. Domahovski ” (MZSP); one female, “ Brasil, Paraná, Piraquara, Manan- \ ciais da Serra, 25º29′47”S \ 48º 58′54”W, 1021m sweep \ 27–28.II.2022, A.C. Domahovski ” (MZSP); one male, “ Guarapuava — Paraná \ Est. [Estação] Águas Sta. [Santa] Clara \ Brasil 20.X.1986 \ Lev. [Levantamento] Ent. [Entomológico] Profaupar \ Malaise ” (DZUP); one female, “ Brasil, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], Passo Fundo, \ 28º13′40.23”S \ 52º24′19.97”W \ 20.v.2011 Malaise \ S. Lampert leg.” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 18.xi.2021 ” (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus truncatus sp. nov. is our third new species that has no paraphyses. It can also be distinguished from other species of the genus by the truncate posterior margin of the pygofer (Fig. 100), pronounced basal portion of the subgenital plates (Fig. 101), and aedeagus expanded apically, bearing an elongate pair of basiventral processes (Figs 103, 104). The female sternite VII has a median dentiform projection (Figs 105–107) and the “internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, has a large anterior sclerite (Fig. 109).

Fonsecaiulus takiyae sp. nov. (Figs 79–96) Etymology. This species is named in honor of our colleague and friend Prof. Dr. Daniela M. Takiya (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), who has greatly contributed to our knowledge of the Cicadellidae and other insects. Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.50; male paratypes 5.20–5.60 (n = 3); female paratypes 5.55–5.90 (n = 3). Color (Figs 79–81). Dorsum dark brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes; median stripe broad, extending from anterior margin of crown to apex of clavus, narrowed posteriorly on basal half of clavus; lateral stripes narrow, extending from anterior margin of crown to posterior margin of mesonotum; veins of clavus and claval sulcus covered with yellow. Corium with two irregular yellow stripes extending from anterior portion of brachial cell and connecting posteriorly to each other on inner anteapical cell, outer stripe narrower than inner one; very narrow yellow stripe extending longitudinally near costal margin, posteriorly connected to yellow macula on median and outer anteapical cells. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 82), in lateral view, well produced posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly rounded; without processes; sparse macrosetae of distinct sizes on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 83), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 82–83), in ventral view, subtriangular, basal half broad and with outer margin rounded; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal half, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex. Connective (Fig. 84), in dorsal view, forming transverse bar, with small stalk, slightly curved posteriorly, with dorsal median keel. Style (Fig. 84), in dorsal view, short but extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with inconspicuous preapical lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, falciform, bearing setae; apex tapered. Aedeagus (Figs 85, 86), in lateral view, elongate, tubular, tapering slightly toward apex; with pair of slender, acute basiventral processes and pair of small, acute ventroapical processes; gonopore located apically. Paraphyses absent. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 87–89), in ventral view, with posterior margin trilobed; median lobe broad, rounded. “Internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, with sclerotized areas, including three distinct sclerites (indicated by arrows in Fig. 91). First valvifer (Fig. 90), in lateral view, subquadrate. First valvula (Figs 90, 92), second valvula (Figs 93–95), and gonoplac (Fig. 96) much as described for F. spinosus sp. nov. Second valvula with about 32 teeth. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, Paraná, S. [São] J. [José] dos \ Pinhais, 25°36′18″S \ 49°11′37″W 880m \ 13.VIII.2016 Sweep \ A. C. Domahovski leg.” (DZUP). Paratypes: one female, same data as the holotype except “ 19.III.2016 ” (DZUP); one male and one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–28.II.2018 ” (MNRJ); three females, same data as preceding except “ 05–15.XII.2018 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.XII.2018 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–28.II.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.I.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); two males and one female, same data as preceding except “ 28–30.III.2019 ” and “Sweep” (CEIOC); one female, same data as preceding except “ 13. IV.2019 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 15–19.IV.2019 ” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.VIII.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 11– 28.IX.2019 ” and “Sweep” (DZUP); four males and seven females, same data as preceding except “ 14–31.XII.2019 ” (two couples in DZRJ and MNRJ, three females in MZSP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 01– 31.XII.2019 ” and “Malaise” (DZUP); one male and two females, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.I.2020 ” (CEIOC); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.III.2020 ” (CEIOC); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–30.IX.2021 ” and “Sweep” (MZSP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 01–31.III.2021 ” (MZSP); two females, same data as preceding except “ 08–20.III.2020 ” (DZUP); one male, “ Brasil, Paraná, Morretes \ Estrada da Inhanha [do Anhaia], \ 25°34′38″S 48°52′12″W \ 400m 11.XI.2016 Sweep \ A.C. Domahovski & R.R. \ Cavichioli leg.” (DZRJ); one female, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina \ Res. [Reserva] Rio Cachoeira, 50m \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 23–27.I.2017 Sweep \ A.C. Domahovski leg.” (DZRJ); one female, same data as preceding except “ 23–27.X.2017 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “ 25–26.III.2017 ” (DZUP); one female, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina, \ R.P.P.N. [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] Guaricica, \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 31.I–04.II.2022, Malaise \ Solo, Trilha dos Fornos \ Entomologia—UFPR” (DZUP); one male, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina, R.P.P.N. [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] \ Guaricica, 25.316°S 48.696°W, \ 17.II–04.III.2022, Malaise Susp. [Suspensa], \ Trilha dos Pinheiros, G. Melo, R. \ R. Cavichioli & A.C. Domahovski ” (DZUP). Remarks. Fonsecaiulus takiyae sp. nov. is our second new species that has no paraphyses. In addition to this feature, it can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the elongate aedeagus, which has a pair of slender, acute basiventral processes and a pair of small, acute ventroapical processes (Figs 85, 86). The posterior margin of the female sternite VII in F. takiyae is trilobed as in F. unciformis sp. nov., but the median lobe is rounded in the former species (Fig. 89) and subquadrate in the latter one (Fig. 53). The “internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, has three distinct sclerites (Fig. 91).

Fonsecaiulus chelatus sp. nov. (Figs 61–78) Etymology. The specific epithet, chelatus, refers to the shape of the apical portion of the paraphyses rami in lateral view (Fig. 67). Total length (mm). Male holotype 5.50; male paratypes 5.50–5.95 (n = 3); female paratypes 5.56–6.06 (n = 3). Color (Figs 61–63). Dorsum dark brown with three longitudinal yellow stripes; median stripe extending from anterior margin of crown to transverse sulcus of mesonotum, narrowed posteriorly from anterior margin of pronotum; lateral stripes extending from anterior margin of crown to about two-thirds of clavus. Corium with longitudinal yellow stripe parallel to claval sulcus, extending from apical portion of lateral stripe to inner anteapical cell; yellow spot on outer anteapical cell. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 64), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly rounded; posteroventral margin forming pair of small, inner dentiform processes; macrosetae of distinct sizes distributed mostly on posterior portion and extending anteriorly over ventral portion. Valve (Fig. 65), in ventral view, short and broad, subrectangular; anterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate (Figs 64, 65), in ventral view, broad at basal third and narrow at apical two-thirds, outer margin rounded at basal third; plate fused at base to its counterpart; without macrosetae; in dorsal view, with two tiny dentiform processes at apical portion of basal third, not located close to each other, anterior process associated with style lobe and posterior process associated with style apex; in lateral view, plate elongate, extending posteriorly for about three-fourths of pygofer length. Connective (Fig. 66), in dorsal view, subquadrate, stalk small and broad, with slight median keel. Style (Fig. 66), in dorsal view, short but extending farther posteriorly than connective; apophysis with inconspicuous preapical lobe; portion behind lobe strongly narrowed, bearing setae; apex truncate. Aedeagus (Figs 67–68) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, elongate, curved posterodorsally, base tall, apical third tapered; gonopore located ventrally at apical third. Paraphyses (Figs 67–68), in lateral view, with distinct stalk; rami tall, elongate, attaining median portion of aedeagus, their distal portion with two acute processes, one directed dorsally and another posteriorly; in ventral view, rami divergent at apical half. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Figs 69–71), in ventral view, with posterior margin simple, distinctly emarginate in unmacerated specimens and more broadly rounded in macerated ones. “Internal” sternite VIII, in dorsal view, with sclerotized areas, including conspicuous semilunar sclerite (indicated by an arrow in Fig. 73). First valvifer (Fig. 72), in lateral view, somewhat elliptical. First valvula (Figs 72, 74), second valvula (Figs 75–77), and gonoplac (Fig. 78) much as described for F. spinosus sp. nov. Second valvula with about 25 teeth. Type material. Holotype: male, “ Brasil, PR [Paraná], Antonina, \ R.P.P.N. [Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural] Guaricica, \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 15–19.IV.2019, Sweep \ Entomologia—UFPR” (DZUP). Paratypes: three males and four females, same data as the holotype (DZUP); one male and two females, same data as the holotype, except “luz solo” (MZSP); three males and three females, “ Brasil, PR, Antonina, \ RPPN— Guaricica, 50m \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 23–27.X.2017 Malaise \ A. Domahovski, G. Melo, \ A. Pinto & M. Savaris ” (one couple in DZRJ, CEIOC, and MNRJ); one female: “ Brasil, Paraná, Antonina \ Res. [Reserva] Nat. [Natural] Guaricica, 50m, \ 25.316°S 48.696°W \ 05–09.XI.2018 sweep \ Entomologia UFPR” (DZUP); three males, “MORRETES— PR \ Iapar [Instituto Ambiental do Paraná] \ 23-XI-1984 \ CIIF [Centro de Identificação de Insetos Fitófagos] (LUMINOSA)” (DZUP); one male, same data as preceding except “ 7 a 8-XII-1985 ” (DZUP); one female, same data as preceding except “26-XI a 3-XII-84” and “(MALAISE)” (DZUP); one female, “MORRETES— PR \ 18-II-1985 \ CIIF—LUMINOSA” (DZUP). Remarks. In F. chelatus sp. nov. the rami of the paraphyses bear apically two acute processes, which give each ramus a pincer-like appearance (Fig. 67). The distal two-thirds of the subgenital plates are narrowed (Fig. 65). The “internal” female sternite VIII in this species bears a characteristic semilunar sclerite (Fig. 73).

Quintas, Victor, Mejdalani, Gabriel (2022): Cavichiana bromelicola: description of the immature stages of a sharpshooter using scanning electron microscopy, with biological notes (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini). Journal of Natural History 55 (47-48): 3007-3026, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2043478, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2043478

Platygonia nigra sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D2D0436E-58E8-4F12-8557-77BF4A668952 Figs 1–6 Diagnosis Ground color of dorsum dark brown to black with single white to pale yellow subtriangular spot at distal portion of corium (Figs 1–2); male pygofer with conspicuous diagonal cleft (Fig. 3); connective Y-shaped, keeled, with stem longer than arms (Fig. 5); aedeagus with unpaired basiventral process (Fig. 6). Etymology The specific epithet, ‘ nigra ’, refers to the mostly dark brown to black dorsum (Figs 1–2) of the new species. Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; “BRASIL: AM (State of Amazonas), Ipixuna, Rio \ Gregório, Com. [Comunidade] Lago Grande \ no Seringal do Recreio \ 07º10’06”S 070º49’06”W 145m \ 18-23.v.2011 Malaise Cavichioli, \ Gonçalves, Rafael, Takiya et al.”; INPA. Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype, except “ 17-23.v.2011 light trap \ Cavichioli, Gonçalves & Takiya ”; DZRJ. Type locality Ipixuna, State of Amazonas, Northern Brazil. Measurements Total length: holotype (♂) 7.3 mm, paratype (♂) 7.4 mm. Description Male COLORATION. Ground color of dorsum (head, pronotum, mesonotum, and forewings) dark brown to black (Figs 1–2). Anterior margin of crown light brown to brown. Distal portion of forewing corium with white to pale yellow subtriangular spot extending from costal margin to outer margin of outer anteapical cell. Face (Fig. 2) with frons, clypeus, lorum, maxillary plate, gena, labrum, and labium mostly pale yellow. Thorax and legs (Fig. 2) mostly pale yellow. BODY. Dorsoventrally flattened. HEAD (Figs 1–2). In dorsal view, strongly produced anteriorly; median length of crown greater than interocular width and about 8/10 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded; with distinct carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located slightly before transverse imaginary line between anterior eye angles, each ocellus slightly closer to median line of crown than to adjacent anterior eye angle; disk depressed from ocelli to apex; with inconspicuous median longitudinal fovea; frontogenal suture extending onto crown and attaining ocellus. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, slightly protuberant; in lateral view, with anterior margin oblique. Face with disk of frons depressed medially; muscle impressions distinct. Clypeus with profile continuing contour of frons. THORAX (Figs 1–2). With pronotal width slightly smaller than transocular width of head; lateral margins of pronotum approximately parallel; posterior margin concave; dorsolateral carina complete, almost rectilinear, declivous anteriorly; disk transversely rugose, except on anterior third; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Forewing (Figs 1–2) without distinct apical membranous area; apex convex; veins mostly distinct, not elevated; with four apical cells, base of fourth more proximal than base of third; without anteapical plexus of veins; texture coriaceous, without sculpturing. Hind wing with vein R2+3 incomplete. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres, with two parallel rows of small setae on plantar surface. TERMINALIA.With pygofer (Fig. 3), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; disk with conspicuous diagonal cleft; posterior margin convex; macrosetae distributed on area of disk below diagonal cleft, except basally. Subgenital plate (Fig. 4), in ventral view, subtriangular; distal half strongly narrowed; not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; with uniseriate macrosetae along outer margin; plates not fused to each other basally. Style (Fig. 5), in dorsal view, extending posteriorly approximately as far as apex of connective; without preapical lobe; apex truncate, with pair of tiny projections. Connective (Fig. 5), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; arms poorly developed; stem longer than arms, distinctly keeled. Aedeagus (Fig. 6) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, short, with conspicuous unpaired basiventral process directed anterad; gonopore located apically. Paraphyses absent. Female Unknown. Remarks Among the known species of Platygonia, the male terminalia of P. nigra sp. nov. (Figs 3–6) are most similar to those of P. praestantior and P. spatulata. However, the new taxon can be readily distinguished from the latter two species, as well as from the remaining ones of the genus, by the combination of features given above in the diagnosis. Its color pattern (Figs 1–2) is unique within the genus, thus allowing an easy identification. Notes on Platygonia undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), reinstated combination Tettigonia undecimmaculata was described by Fowler (1899) (Fig. 7) based on one female (holotype) (Fig. 8) from the Province of Chiriquí, Panama (Young 1965). Melichar (1925) transferred T. undecimmaculata to Platygonia. Young (1977: 1105) studied the holotype and stated that this species was “possibly correctly placed in Platygonia as Melichar decided.” Nevertheless, Young (1977) did not formally include T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia, preferring to treat it as a species of uncertain position. This action was followed by McKamey (2007: 343), who, however, misspelled the specific name (“ unidecimmaculata ”). The species reappeared as a member of Platygonia in Wilson et al. (2009). Based on the triangular crown of the holotype, which is strongly produced anteriorly (Fig. 8), it appears to us that the inclusion of T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia might be correct. Accordingly, we have tentatively included the species in our key. Likewise, based on the color pattern of the holotype (see Wilson et al. 2009), which has no abdomen, hind wings, and metathorax (Young 1965), we have attempted to include P. zea (Ecuador) in the key; the latter species was not included in Young’s (1977) key to Platygonia species. Key to species of Platygonia (modified from Young 1977) 1. Each forewing with four large yellow spots (two on clavus and two on corium) (Figs 7–8)................................................................................................................ P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 2 2. Each forewing with two broad white to pale yellow complete transverse stripes, one at basal third and another just behind claval apex................................................................. P. zea (Distant, 1908) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 3 3. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with a ventral process............................................................................. 5 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, without a ventral process........................................................................ 4 4. Aedeagus, in lateral view, gradually tapered apically.................................. P. infulata Young, 1977 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, obliquely truncate apically............................. P. ignifera (Walker, 1851) 5. Crown-face transition without carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located apically (Southeastern Brazil).......................................................................................................... P. angrana Young, 1977 – Crown-face transition with carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located on median third or more basally (Central America, Colombia, and Northern Brazil)............................................................. 6 6. Pronotum with a large yellow spot; forewing with a large yellow spot extending from costal margin to median portion of clavus and a large orange spot at apical portion of corium, including anteapical cells.................................................................................................... P. praestantior (Fowler, 1899) – Without the above combination of color features............................................................................. 7 7. Disk of crown convex before ocelli............................................................... P. detecta Young, 1977 – Disk of crown concave or depressed before ocelli........................................................................... 8 8. Crown dark brown to black only at lateral margins.............................. P. spatulata (Signoret, 1854) – Crown almost entirely dark brown to black (Figs 1–2)............................................ P. nigra sp. nov. Notes on Platygonia undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), reinstated combination Tettigonia undecimmaculata was described by Fowler (1899) (Fig. 7) based on one female (holotype) (Fig. 8) from the Province of Chiriquí, Panama (Young 1965). Melichar (1925) transferred T. undecimmaculata to Platygonia. Young (1977: 1105) studied the holotype and stated that this species was “possibly correctly placed in Platygonia as Melichar decided.” Nevertheless, Young (1977) did not formally include T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia, preferring to treat it as a species of uncertain position. This action was followed by McKamey (2007: 343), who, however, misspelled the specific name (“ unidecimmaculata ”). The species reappeared as a member of Platygonia in Wilson et al. (2009). Based on the triangular crown of the holotype, which is strongly produced anteriorly (Fig. 8), it appears to us that the inclusion of T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia might be correct. Accordingly, we have tentatively included the species in our key. Likewise, based on the color pattern of the holotype (see Wilson et al. 2009), which has no abdomen, hind wings, and metathorax (Young 1965), we have attempted to include P. zea (Ecuador) in the key; the latter species was not included in Young’s (1977) key to Platygonia species. Key to species of Platygonia (modified from Young 1977) 1. Each forewing with four large yellow spots (two on clavus and two on corium) (Figs 7–8)................................................................................................................ P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 2 2. Each forewing with two broad white to pale yellow complete transverse stripes, one at basal third and another just behind claval apex................................................................. P. zea (Distant, 1908) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 3 3. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with a ventral process............................................................................. 5 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, without a ventral process........................................................................ 4 4. Aedeagus, in lateral view, gradually tapered apically.................................. P. infulata Young, 1977 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, obliquely truncate apically............................. P. ignifera (Walker, 1851) 5. Crown-face transition without carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located apically (Southeastern Brazil).......................................................................................................... P. angrana Young, 1977 – Crown-face transition with carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located on median third or more basally (Central America, Colombia, and Northern Brazil)............................................................. 6 6. Pronotum with a large yellow spot; forewing with a large yellow spot extending from costal margin to median portion of clavus and a large orange spot at apical portion of corium, including anteapical cells.................................................................................................... P. praestantior (Fowler, 1899) – Without the above combination of color features............................................................................. 7 7. Disk of crown convex before ocelli............................................................... P. detecta Young, 1977 – Disk of crown concave or depressed before ocelli........................................................................... 8 8. Crown dark brown to black only at lateral margins.............................. P. spatulata (Signoret, 1854) – Crown almost entirely dark brown to black (Figs 1–2)............................................ P. nigra sp. nov., Published as part of Quintas, Victor, Pecly, Nathalia H., Carvalho, Stéphanie R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2022, Platygonia Melichar, 1925 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, key to species of the genus, and notes on P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), pp. 177-186 in European Journal of Taxonomy 806 (1) on pages 179-183, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1715, http://zenodo.org/record/6402870, {"references":["Fowler W. W. 1899. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. Biologia Centrali-Americana 2: 249 - 256, pl. 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730","Young D. A. 1965. Cicadelline types in the British Museum (Natural History) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 17: 161 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 14810","Melichar L. 1925. Monographie der Cicadellinen. II. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 22: 329 - 410.","Young D. A. 1977. Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Part 2. New World Cicadellini and the genus Cicadella. Bulletin of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station 239: 1 - 1135.","McKamey S. H. 2007. Taxonomic catalogue of the leafhoppers (Membracoidea). Part 1. Cicadellinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 78: 1 - 394.","Wilson M. R., Turner J. A. & McKamey S. H. 2009. Sharpshooter leafhoppers of the World (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae subfamily Cicadellinae). National Museum Wales. Available from http: // naturalhistory. museumwales. ac. uk / Sharpshooters [accessed 10 Nov. 2021]."]}

Key to species of Platygonia (modified from Young 1977) 1. Each forewing with four large yellow spots (two on clavus and two on corium) (Figs 7–8)................................................................................................................ P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 2 2. Each forewing with two broad white to pale yellow complete transverse stripes, one at basal third and another just behind claval apex................................................................. P. zea (Distant, 1908) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 3 3. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with a ventral process............................................................................. 5 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, without a ventral process........................................................................ 4 4. Aedeagus, in lateral view, gradually tapered apically.................................. P. infulata Young, 1977 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, obliquely truncate apically............................. P. ignifera (Walker, 1851) 5. Crown-face transition without carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located apically (Southeastern Brazil).......................................................................................................... P. angrana Young, 1977 – Crown-face transition with carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located on median third or more basally (Central America, Colombia, and Northern Brazil)............................................................. 6 6. Pronotum with a large yellow spot; forewing with a large yellow spot extending from costal margin to median portion of clavus and a large orange spot at apical portion of corium, including anteapical cells.................................................................................................... P. praestantior (Fowler, 1899) – Without the above combination of color features............................................................................. 7 7. Disk of crown convex before ocelli............................................................... P. detecta Young, 1977 – Disk of crown concave or depressed before ocelli........................................................................... 8 8. Crown dark brown to black only at lateral margins.............................. P. spatulata (Signoret, 1854) – Crown almost entirely dark brown to black (Figs 1–2)............................................ P. nigra sp. nov., Published as part of Quintas, Victor, Pecly, Nathalia H., Carvalho, Stéphanie R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2022, Platygonia Melichar, 1925 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, key to species of the genus, and notes on P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), pp. 177-186 in European Journal of Taxonomy 806 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1715, http://zenodo.org/record/6402870, {"references":["Young D. A. 1977. Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Part 2. New World Cicadellini and the genus Cicadella. Bulletin of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station 239: 1 - 1135.","Fowler W. W. 1899. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. Biologia Centrali-Americana 2: 249 - 256, pl. 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730"]}

Notes on Platygonia undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), reinstated combination Tettigonia undecimmaculata was described by Fowler (1899) (Fig. 7) based on one female (holotype) (Fig. 8) from the Province of Chiriquí, Panama (Young 1965). Melichar (1925) transferred T. undecimmaculata to Platygonia. Young (1977: 1105) studied the holotype and stated that this species was “possibly correctly placed in Platygonia as Melichar decided.” Nevertheless, Young (1977) did not formally include T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia, preferring to treat it as a species of uncertain position. This action was followed by McKamey (2007: 343), who, however, misspelled the specific name (“ unidecimmaculata ”). The species reappeared as a member of Platygonia in Wilson et al. (2009). Based on the triangular crown of the holotype, which is strongly produced anteriorly (Fig. 8), it appears to us that the inclusion of T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia might be correct. Accordingly, we have tentatively included the species in our key. Likewise, based on the color pattern of the holotype (see Wilson et al. 2009), which has no abdomen, hind wings, and metathorax (Young 1965), we have attempted to include P. zea (Ecuador) in the key; the latter species was not included in Young’s (1977) key to Platygonia species., Published as part of Quintas, Victor, Pecly, Nathalia H., Carvalho, Stéphanie R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2022, Platygonia Melichar, 1925 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new species from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, key to species of the genus, and notes on P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), pp. 177-186 in European Journal of Taxonomy 806 (1) on page 182, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1715, http://zenodo.org/record/6402870, {"references":["Fowler W. W. 1899. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. Biologia Centrali-Americana 2: 249 - 256, pl. 16. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730","Young D. A. 1965. Cicadelline types in the British Museum (Natural History) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 17: 161 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 14810","Melichar L. 1925. Monographie der Cicadellinen. II. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 22: 329 - 410.","Young D. A. 1977. Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Part 2. New World Cicadellini and the genus Cicadella. Bulletin of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station 239: 1 - 1135.","McKamey S. H. 2007. Taxonomic catalogue of the leafhoppers (Membracoidea). Part 1. Cicadellinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 78: 1 - 394.","Wilson M. R., Turner J. A. & McKamey S. H. 2009. Sharpshooter leafhoppers of the World (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae subfamily Cicadellinae). National Museum Wales. Available from http: // naturalhistory. museumwales. ac. uk / Sharpshooters [accessed 10 Nov. 2021]."]}

Platygonia nigra sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D2D0436E-58E8-4F12-8557-77BF4A668952 Figs 1–6 Diagnosis Ground color of dorsum dark brown to black with single white to pale yellow subtriangular spot at distal portion of corium (Figs 1–2); male pygofer with conspicuous diagonal cleft (Fig. 3); connective Y-shaped, keeled, with stem longer than arms (Fig. 5); aedeagus with unpaired basiventral process (Fig. 6). Etymology The specific epithet, ‘ nigra ’, refers to the mostly dark brown to black dorsum (Figs 1–2) of the new species. Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; “BRASIL: AM (State of Amazonas), Ipixuna, Rio \ Gregório, Com. [Comunidade] Lago Grande \ no Seringal do Recreio \ 07º10’06”S 070º49’06”W 145m \ 18-23.v.2011 Malaise Cavichioli, \ Gonçalves, Rafael, Takiya et al.”; INPA. Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype, except “ 17-23.v.2011 light trap \ Cavichioli, Gonçalves & Takiya ”; DZRJ. Type locality Ipixuna, State of Amazonas, Northern Brazil. Measurements Total length: holotype (♂) 7.3 mm, paratype (♂) 7.4 mm. Description Male COLORATION. Ground color of dorsum (head, pronotum, mesonotum, and forewings) dark brown to black (Figs 1–2). Anterior margin of crown light brown to brown. Distal portion of forewing corium with white to pale yellow subtriangular spot extending from costal margin to outer margin of outer anteapical cell. Face (Fig. 2) with frons, clypeus, lorum, maxillary plate, gena, labrum, and labium mostly pale yellow. Thorax and legs (Fig. 2) mostly pale yellow. BODY. Dorsoventrally flattened. HEAD (Figs 1–2). In dorsal view, strongly produced anteriorly; median length of crown greater than interocular width and about 8/10 transocular width; anterior margin narrowly rounded; with distinct carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located slightly before transverse imaginary line between anterior eye angles, each ocellus slightly closer to median line of crown than to adjacent anterior eye angle; disk depressed from ocelli to apex; with inconspicuous median longitudinal fovea; frontogenal suture extending onto crown and attaining ocellus. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, slightly protuberant; in lateral view, with anterior margin oblique. Face with disk of frons depressed medially; muscle impressions distinct. Clypeus with profile continuing contour of frons. THORAX (Figs 1–2). With pronotal width slightly smaller than transocular width of head; lateral margins of pronotum approximately parallel; posterior margin concave; dorsolateral carina complete, almost rectilinear, declivous anteriorly; disk transversely rugose, except on anterior third; mesonotum with scutellum not striate. Forewing (Figs 1–2) without distinct apical membranous area; apex convex; veins mostly distinct, not elevated; with four apical cells, base of fourth more proximal than base of third; without anteapical plexus of veins; texture coriaceous, without sculpturing. Hind wing with vein R2+3 incomplete. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres, with two parallel rows of small setae on plantar surface. TERMINALIA.With pygofer (Fig. 3), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; disk with conspicuous diagonal cleft; posterior margin convex; macrosetae distributed on area of disk below diagonal cleft, except basally. Subgenital plate (Fig. 4), in ventral view, subtriangular; distal half strongly narrowed; not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; with uniseriate macrosetae along outer margin; plates not fused to each other basally. Style (Fig. 5), in dorsal view, extending posteriorly approximately as far as apex of connective; without preapical lobe; apex truncate, with pair of tiny projections. Connective (Fig. 5), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; arms poorly developed; stem longer than arms, distinctly keeled. Aedeagus (Fig. 6) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, short, with conspicuous unpaired basiventral process directed anterad; gonopore located apically. Paraphyses absent. Female Unknown. Remarks Among the known species of Platygonia, the male terminalia of P. nigra sp. nov. (Figs 3–6) are most similar to those of P. praestantior and P. spatulata. However, the new taxon can be readily distinguished from the latter two species, as well as from the remaining ones of the genus, by the combination of features given above in the diagnosis. Its color pattern (Figs 1–2) is unique within the genus, thus allowing an easy identification. Notes on Platygonia undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), reinstated combination Tettigonia undecimmaculata was described by Fowler (1899) (Fig. 7) based on one female (holotype) (Fig. 8) from the Province of Chiriquí, Panama (Young 1965). Melichar (1925) transferred T. undecimmaculata to Platygonia. Young (1977: 1105) studied the holotype and stated that this species was “possibly correctly placed in Platygonia as Melichar decided.” Nevertheless, Young (1977) did not formally include T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia, preferring to treat it as a species of uncertain position. This action was followed by McKamey (2007: 343), who, however, misspelled the specific name (“ unidecimmaculata ”). The species reappeared as a member of Platygonia in Wilson et al. (2009). Based on the triangular crown of the holotype, which is strongly produced anteriorly (Fig. 8), it appears to us that the inclusion of T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia might be correct. Accordingly, we have tentatively included the species in our key. Likewise, based on the color pattern of the holotype (see Wilson et al. 2009), which has no abdomen, hind wings, and metathorax (Young 1965), we have attempted to include P. zea (Ecuador) in the key; the latter species was not included in Young’s (1977) key to Platygonia species. Key to species of Platygonia (modified from Young 1977) 1. Each forewing with four large yellow spots (two on clavus and two on corium) (Figs 7–8)................................................................................................................ P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 2 2. Each forewing with two broad white to pale yellow complete transverse stripes, one at basal third and another just behind claval apex................................................................. P. zea (Distant, 1908) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 3 3. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with a ventral process............................................................................. 5 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, without a ventral process........................................................................ 4 4. Aedeagus, in lateral view, gradually tapered apically.................................. P. infulata Young, 1977 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, obliquely truncate apically............................. P. ignifera (Walker, 1851) 5. Crown-face transition without carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located apically (Southeastern Brazil).......................................................................................................... P. angrana Young, 1977 – Crown-face transition with carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located on median third or more basally (Central America, Colombia, and Northern Brazil)............................................................. 6 6. Pronotum with a large yellow spot; forewing with a large yellow spot extending from costal margin to median portion of clavus and a large orange spot at apical portion of corium, including anteapical cells.................................................................................................... P. praestantior (Fowler, 1899) – Without the above combination of color features............................................................................. 7 7. Disk of crown convex before ocelli............................................................... P. detecta Young, 1977 – Disk of crown concave or depressed before ocelli........................................................................... 8 8. Crown dark brown to black only at lateral margins.............................. P. spatulata (Signoret, 1854) – Crown almost entirely dark brown to black (Figs 1–2)............................................ P. nigra sp. nov. Notes on Platygonia undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899), reinstated combination Tettigonia undecimmaculata was described by Fowler (1899) (Fig. 7) based on one female (holotype) (Fig. 8) from the Province of Chiriquí, Panama (Young 1965). Melichar (1925) transferred T. undecimmaculata to Platygonia. Young (1977: 1105) studied the holotype and stated that this species was “possibly correctly placed in Platygonia as Melichar decided.” Nevertheless, Young (1977) did not formally include T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia, preferring to treat it as a species of uncertain position. This action was followed by McKamey (2007: 343), who, however, misspelled the specific name (“ unidecimmaculata ”). The species reappeared as a member of Platygonia in Wilson et al. (2009). Based on the triangular crown of the holotype, which is strongly produced anteriorly (Fig. 8), it appears to us that the inclusion of T. undecimmaculata in Platygonia might be correct. Accordingly, we have tentatively included the species in our key. Likewise, based on the color pattern of the holotype (see Wilson et al. 2009), which has no abdomen, hind wings, and metathorax (Young 1965), we have attempted to include P. zea (Ecuador) in the key; the latter species was not included in Young’s (1977) key to Platygonia species. Key to species of Platygonia (modified from Young 1977) 1. Each forewing with four large yellow spots (two on clavus and two on corium) (Figs 7–8)................................................................................................................ P. undecimmaculata (Fowler, 1899) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 2 2. Each forewing with two broad white to pale yellow complete transverse stripes, one at basal third and another just behind claval apex................................................................. P. zea (Distant, 1908) – Forewing without above color pattern.............................................................................................. 3 3. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with a ventral process............................................................................. 5 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, without a ventral process........................................................................ 4 4. Aedeagus, in lateral view, gradually tapered apically.................................. P. infulata Young, 1977 – Aedeagus, in lateral view, obliquely truncate apically............................. P. ignifera (Walker, 1851) 5. Crown-face transition without carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located apically (Southeastern Brazil).......................................................................................................... P. angrana Young, 1977 – Crown-face transition with carina. Ventral process of aedeagus located on median third or more basally (Central America, Colombia, and Northern Brazil)............................................................. 6 6. Pronotum with a large yellow spot; forewing with a large yellow spot extending from costal margin to median portion of clavus and a large orange spot at apical portion of corium, including anteapical cells.................................................................................................... P. praestantior (Fowler, 1899) – Without the above combination of color features............................................................................. 7 7. Disk of crown convex before ocelli............................................................... P. detecta Young, 1977 – Disk of crown concave or depressed before ocelli........................................................................... 8 8. Crown dark brown to black only at lateral margins.............................. P. spatulata (Signoret, 1854) – Crown almost entirely dark brown to black (Figs 1–2)............................................ P. nigra sp. nov.

Neponymphes godoii Zamboni, 2001 (Figs 2���7, Tab. 1) Neponymphes godoii Zamboni, 2001 (p. 134, figs A, B): Martins Neto (2005, p. 479); Popov & Bechly (2007, p. 320 and 593); Criscione & Grimaldi (2017, p. 1167); Moura-J��nior et al. (2018, p. 154). Material. Neotype (here designated): MCT 6955 - I. Paraneotypes (here designated): MCT 6952 - I, MCT 6953 - I, MCT 6954 - I, SMNS 66563. See full justification in material and methods. Emended diagnosis. Belostomatini with total body length (adults) 10.35���12.40 mm; body approximately two times longer than wide. Compound eyes globular, with their lateral margins never flushing with lateral margins of pronotum and frons; interocular total length approximately two times longer than anteocular total length. Total length of pronotum 0.79���0.89 mm; posterior pronotal width approximately three times greater than length at median line. Lateral margins of abdomen apparently smooth, never interrupted at borders between segments. Nymph (probably fifth stadium) with total length of body 9.75 mm; wing pads visible, well developed, reaching second abdominal tergite (first visible). Locality and horizon. Crato Formation, Cear�� State, Brazil; upper Aptian (~114 Ma), Lower Cretaceous. Description. Adult (Figs 2���6, Tab. 1). Body preserved in dorsal view, except for MCT 6952 - I (ventral view); total length 10.35���12.40 mm, approximately two times longer than wide. Head (Figs 2E, 3B, C, 4C, G, 5B, C, and 6B) 1.40 mm long and 2.51 mm wide. Compound eyes globular, wider than vertex, their diameter 1.00 mm, lateral margins never flushing with lateral margins of pronotum and frons. Interocular total length (0.85 mm) approximately two times longer than anteocular total length (0.41 mm). Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 2C, 3B, C, E, 4C, G, 5B���D, and 6D) transverse, 0.79���0.89 mm long and 3.18 mm wide; concave anteriorly and approximately straight posteriorly; posterior pronotal width approximately three times greater than length at median line. Mesonotum (Figs 2C, 3B, E, 5C, and 6D) 1.29 mm long and 3.95 mm wide; scutellum (Figs 3B, E, 5C, and 6D) 0.89 mm long and 1.40 mm wide. Hemelytra (Figs 5D���F, H, and 6I, J) partially preserved; the following veins can be observed: R, M, Cu, and CuP+A; membrane with reticulation (Fig. 5H). Fore legs (Figs 2A, 3A, 4C, G, 5B, C, and 6B) raptorial, 4.15 mm long (MCT 6952 - I); femora and tibiae visible, former ones (Fig. 2A) with sulcus. Middle legs (Figs 2B, 3D, 4B, C, 5G, and 6C, K) approximately 6.2 mm long; tibiae and tarsi with fringe of setae ventrally; tarsal claws visible. Hind legs (Figs 2D, 3A, F, 4B, D, F, and 6F, H) 10.66 mm (MCT 6952 - I) to 10.85 mm (MCT 6952 - I) long; tibiae and tarsi with fringe of setae ventrally; tarsal claws visible. Tarsus of all legs apparently dimerous (Figs 3D, F, 5G, 6H, and 7H). Abdomen (Figs 3G, H, 4E, H, 5E, F, H, and 6G, I) broad, 6.35 mm long and 5.25 mm wide; sternites not subdivided by a suture-like fold. Lateral margins apparently smooth, never interrupted at borders between segments. Distal portion with distinct lateral setae (Fig. 3H). Terminalia partially preserved (Fig. 3G); it is not possible to determine the sex. Short respiratory siphon located at abdominal apex (Fig. 4E, H). Nymph (Fig. 7, Tab. 1). Probably fifth stadium. Body preserved in dorsal view, oval (Fig. 7A), 9.75 mm long, narrowed at anterior and posterior ends. Head (Fig. 7C) triangular; compound eyes wide, salient, globular. Thorax with pronotum (Fig. 7A, C) trapezoidal, wider than head, 0.68 mm long and 3.83 mm wide (wider than in adults, see Table 1); pronotal surface with distinct central line. Wing pads visible, well developed, reaching second abdominal tergite (first visible), indicating that this semaphoront is probably in fifth stadium; wing pads of mesonotum extended to metanotum (Fig. 7E). Fore, middle, and hind legs preserved (Fig. 7D, F, G), some fringes of natatorial setae visible; tarsi apparently dimerous; tarsal claws visible in all legs (Fig. 7D, F, H). Abdomen (Fig. 7B) roughly triangular; six segments visible (II���VII, Fig. 7A); additional details are not possible to observe because of the poor preservation of the abdomen (Fig. 7B)., Published as part of MOURA-J��NIOR, DIONIZIO A., QUINTAS, VICTOR, SCHEFFLER, SANDRO M., NEL, ANDR��, RIBEIRO, JOS�� RICARDO I. & MEJDALANI, GABRIEL, 2021, Redescription of Neponymphes godoii Zamboni, 2001 from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil, based on the adult and nymphal stages (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae), pp. 339-352 in Palaeoentomology 4 (4) on pages 341-342, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5508025, {"references":["Zamboni, J. C. (2001) Contribution to the knowledge of the aquatic paleoentomofauna from Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, northeast Brazil) with description of new taxa. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 24, 129 - 135.","Popov, Y. A. & Bechly, G. (2007) Heteroptera: bugs. In: Martill, D., Bechly, G. & Loveridge, R. (Eds) The Crato fossil beds of Brazil. Window into an ancient world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xvi + 625 pp., 32 plates.","Criscione, J. & Grimaldi, D. (2017) The oldest predaceous water bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), with implications for paleolimnology of the Triassic Cow Branch Formation. Journal of Paleontology, 91, 1166 - 1177. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / jpa. 2017.48","Moura-Junior, D. A., Scheffler, S. M. & Fernandes, A. C. S. (2018) A paleoentomofauna brasileira: cenario atual. Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 41, 142 - 166. https: // doi. org / 10.11137 / 2018 _ 1 _ 142 _ 166"]}

Genus Neponymphes Zamboni, 2001 Type species. Neponymphes godoii Zamboni, 2001, by original designation and monotypy., Published as part of MOURA-J��NIOR, DIONIZIO A., QUINTAS, VICTOR, SCHEFFLER, SANDRO M., NEL, ANDR��, RIBEIRO, JOS�� RICARDO I. & MEJDALANI, GABRIEL, 2021, Redescription of Neponymphes godoii Zamboni, 2001 from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil, based on the adult and nymphal stages (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae), pp. 339-352 in Palaeoentomology 4 (4) on page 341, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5508025, {"references":["Zamboni, J. C. (2001) Contribution to the knowledge of the aquatic paleoentomofauna from Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, northeast Brazil) with description of new taxa. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia, 24, 129 - 135."]}

Paratubana auromarginata sp. nov. (Figs 1–7, 25–27) Total length. Male holotype 8.6 mm, male paratypes 8.5–8.7 mm (n = 4). Head (Figs 25–27), in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly; median length of crown approximately 1/2 interocular width and 3/10 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded; ocelli located approximately on imaginary line between anterior eye angles, each slightly closer to median line of crown than to adjacent anterior eye angle; crown with shallow transverse concavity across ocelli. Face with frons slightly flattened medially; muscle impressions distinct; epistomal suture obscure medially; clypeus with profile continuing contour of frons but with lower portion more nearly horizontal. Thorax (Figs 25, 26), in dorsal view, with pronotal width less than transocular width of head; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsolateral carina not distinct near posterior eye margin; posterior 2/3 of disk striate. Forewing mostly coriaceous, without sculpturing, membrane restricted to apical cells; veins elevated and distinct; with three anteapical cells, median and inner ones open basally (inner cell closed basally in some paratypes). Hind wing with vein R 2+3 incomplete. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:1. Other features of head and thorax as in the generic descriptions of Paratubana and Amblyscartidia (Young 1977, p. 239 and 226, respectively). Coloration (Figs 25–27). Crown and pronotum black with yellow markings distributed as follows: crown with pair of curved stripes over antennal ledges and extending to ocelli; pair of adjacent spots located medially on posterior margin (may be absent or inconspicuous in paratypes); pair of lateral stripes behind eyes; pronotum with pair of small spots on median third (these spots may be larger in paratypes), lateral margins with elongate marking (may extend irregularly along posterior margin in paratypes). Eyes dark brown. Mesonotum black. Ground color of forewing yellowish-brown, with broad longitudinal yellow stripe along costal margin, extending from base to R 1, evanescent behind this vein; veins mostly dark brown to black. Face black; frons with median yellow macula on superior portion; gena with yellow stripe along frontogenal suture; labrum yellowish-brown. Legs with coxa, trochanter, and large area of femur dark brown to black; remainder mostly yellow with brown areas; tarsal claws dark brown. Male terminalia (Fig. 1) with pygofer (Fig. 2), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; without processes; surface with macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior 2/3, except dorsally; basiventral area with concentration of microsetae. Valve (Figs 2, 3), in ventral view, subrectangular, median portion constricted, followed by membranous area. Subgenital plate (Figs 2, 3), in ventral view, triangular; distinctly narrowed on basal 1/2; not fused to its counterpart; in lateral view, not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex; surface with numerous macro- and microsetae distributed mostly near outer margin. Connective (Fig. 4), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; stalk distinctly longer than arms, gradually narrowed towards apex, with distinct dorsal keel. Style (Fig. 4), in dorsal view, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective; outer margin with lobe near midlength; portion beyond lobe curved outwards and bearing setae; apex narrowed and blunt. Paraphyses (Figs 5, 6) slightly asymmetrical, well-developed; rami, in dorsal view, very elongate, each one with strong, inner spiniform process on basal half and with apex bifurcate, forming outer subquadrate projection and inner spiniform process. Aedeagus (Fig. 7) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, claviform, median portion constricted, apical portion with dorsal lobe, rounded; gonoduct (ductus seminis) distinct, curved ventrally; gonopore located ventroapically. Female unknown. Material examined. Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Male holotype: “ BR / RJ—Nova Friburgo, \ Pico da Caledônia \ 22/VI/2019 \ Eq. [Equipe] Hemipterologia col. \ Coleta ativa” (MNRJ). Paratypes: five males, same data as the holotype (two in DZRJ, two in MNRJ, and one in DZUP). Etymology. The new species name, auromarginata, refers to the broad longitudinal yellow stripe located along the forewing costal margin (Fig. 26)., Published as part of Côrte, Isabele, Pecly, Nathalia H., Quintas, Victor, Ferreira, André L. D., Cavichioli, Rodney R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2021, Two new species of the sharpshooter genus Paratubana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from alpine fields of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, pp. 339-348 in Zootaxa 5005 (3) on pages 340-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5141864, {"references":["Young, D. A. (1977) Taxonomic study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Part 2. New World Cicadellini and the genus Cicadella. Bulletin of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, 239, i - vi + 1 - 1135."]}

Paratubana takiyae sp. nov. (Figs 8–24, 28–30) Total length. Male holotype 8.2 mm, female paratypes 8.0–8.5 mm (n = 2). Head and thorax (Figs 28–30) much as described above for P. auromarginata sp. nov. Coloration (Figs 28–30). Crown and pronotum black with yellow markings distributed as follows: crown with pair of large areas between ocellus and eye, extending over antennal ledge and to posterior coronal margin, posterior portion with median bilobate spot extending to interocellar line; apex with spot extended from face; pronotum with pair of large spots connected to lateroposterior margins and continuous with line along lateral and posterior margins of disk. Eyes dark brown. Mesonotum black with yellow apex. Ground color of forewing light yellowish-brown, with broad longitudinal yellow stripe along costal margin, extending from base to R 1, evanescent behind this vein; veins mostly dark brown to black. Face black; frons with elongate median yellow spot, extending to anterior margin of crown; gena with yellow stripe along frontogenal suture; lorum mostly yellow; labrum yellowish-brown. Legs with coxa, trochanter, and large area of femur dark brown to black; remainder mostly yellow with brown areas; tarsal claws dark brown. Male terminalia (Fig. 8) with pygofer (Fig. 9), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; without processes; surface with macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior 2/3, except dorsally. Valve (Fig. 10), in ventral view, subrectangular, median portion constricted, followed by large membranous area. Subgenital plate (Figs 9, 10), in ventral view, abruptly narrowed on basal 1/3; not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; surface with numerous macro- and microsetae distributed near outer margin. Connective (Fig. 11), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; stalk distinctly longer than arms, gradually narrowed towards apex, with distinct dorsal keel. Style (Fig. 11), in dorsal view, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective; outer margin with well-developed lobe near mid-length; portion beyond lobe strongly curved and bearing setae; apex narrowed and obtuse. Paraphyses (Figs 12, 13) slightly asymmetrical, well-developed; rami, in dorsal view, elongate, narrowed apically, with pair of strong spiniform processes on basal half, directed dorsally and crossing each other; in lateral view, paraphyses pincer-like; base of ramus robust. Aedeagus (Fig. 14) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, claviform, median portion broad, not distinctly constricted, apical portion expanded, rounded; gonoduct (ductus seminis) distinct, well sclerotized, slightly curved ventrally; gonopore located apically. Description of the female paratypes. External morphology and coloration similar to those of male holotype. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 15), in ventral view, subrectangular; laterally expanded on basal half; apex bilobate with V-shaped median emargination; surface with median keel. “Internal” sternite VIII (Fig. 16), in dorsal view, with large median sclerotized area. Pygofer (Fig. 17), in lateral view, slightly produced posteriorly; posterior margin slightly angulate; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half, but some located more anteriorly. Valvifer I (Fig. 18), in lateral view, subrectangular. Valvula I (Figs 18–20), in lateral view, slightly expanded basally; blade slightly curved dorsally; apex acute; dorsal sculptured area extending from basal portion of blade to apex, formed mostly by scale-like processes arranged in oblique lines (strigate); ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion of blade, formed mostly by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device distinct on basal half of blade. Valvula II (Figs 21–23), in lateral view, expanded beyond basal curvature; preapical prominence small but distinct; apex obtuse; dorsal margin with about 18 continuous low teeth; denticles distributed on teeth and on dorsal and ventral portions of blade; dorsal denticulate apical portion longer than ventral portion; blade with ducts extending to teeth and to apex. Gonoplac (Fig. 24) of the usual Cicadellinae type: in lateral view, with basal half narrow and apical half distinctly expanded; apex obtuse; surface with few small setae on apex and along ventral margin. Material examined. Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Male holotype: “ BR / RJ—Teresópolis, P. [Parque] N. [Nacional da] Serra \ dos Órgãos, Trilha p/ Pedra do \ Sino (Parnaso 7) \ 27-28/ VII/2015 \ DM Takiya & APM Santos cols.” (DZRJ). Paratypes: two females, same data as the holotype (DZRJ, MNRJ). Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our colleague and dear friend Dr. Daniela Maeda Takiya (Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the study of Neotropical Cicadellidae and other insect groups. She was one of the collectors of the type series., Published as part of Côrte, Isabele, Pecly, Nathalia H., Quintas, Victor, Ferreira, André L. D., Cavichioli, Rodney R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2021, Two new species of the sharpshooter genus Paratubana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellini) from alpine fields of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, pp. 339-348 in Zootaxa 5005 (3) on pages 342-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/5141864

Paratubana auromarginata sp. nov. (Figs 1–7, 25–27) Total length. Male holotype 8.6 mm, male paratypes 8.5–8.7 mm (n = 4). Head (Figs 25–27), in dorsal view, slightly produced anteriorly; median length of crown approximately 1/2 interocular width and 3/10 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded; ocelli located approximately on imaginary line between anterior eye angles, each slightly closer to median line of crown than to adjacent anterior eye angle; crown with shallow transverse concavity across ocelli. Face with frons slightly flattened medially; muscle impressions distinct; epistomal suture obscure medially; clypeus with profile continuing contour of frons but with lower portion more nearly horizontal. Thorax (Figs 25, 26), in dorsal view, with pronotal width less than transocular width of head; lateral margins slightly convergent anteriorly; posterior margin slightly concave; dorsolateral carina not distinct near posterior eye margin; posterior 2/3 of disk striate. Forewing mostly coriaceous, without sculpturing, membrane restricted to apical cells; veins elevated and distinct; with three anteapical cells, median and inner ones open basally (inner cell closed basally in some paratypes). Hind wing with vein R 2+3 incomplete. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:1. Other features of head and thorax as in the generic descriptions of Paratubana and Amblyscartidia (Young 1977, p. 239 and 226, respectively). Coloration (Figs 25–27). Crown and pronotum black with yellow markings distributed as follows: crown with pair of curved stripes over antennal ledges and extending to ocelli; pair of adjacent spots located medially on posterior margin (may be absent or inconspicuous in paratypes); pair of lateral stripes behind eyes; pronotum with pair of small spots on median third (these spots may be larger in paratypes), lateral margins with elongate marking (may extend irregularly along posterior margin in paratypes). Eyes dark brown. Mesonotum black. Ground color of forewing yellowish-brown, with broad longitudinal yellow stripe along costal margin, extending from base to R 1, evanescent behind this vein; veins mostly dark brown to black. Face black; frons with median yellow macula on superior portion; gena with yellow stripe along frontogenal suture; labrum yellowish-brown. Legs with coxa, trochanter, and large area of femur dark brown to black; remainder mostly yellow with brown areas; tarsal claws dark brown. Male terminalia (Fig. 1) with pygofer (Fig. 2), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; without processes; surface with macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior 2/3, except dorsally; basiventral area with concentration of microsetae. Valve (Figs 2, 3), in ventral view, subrectangular, median portion constricted, followed by membranous area. Subgenital plate (Figs 2, 3), in ventral view, triangular; distinctly narrowed on basal 1/2; not fused to its counterpart; in lateral view, not extending as far posteriorly as pygofer apex; surface with numerous macro- and microsetae distributed mostly near outer margin. Connective (Fig. 4), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; stalk distinctly longer than arms, gradually narrowed towards apex, with distinct dorsal keel. Style (Fig. 4), in dorsal view, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective; outer margin with lobe near midlength; portion beyond lobe curved outwards and bearing setae; apex narrowed and blunt. Paraphyses (Figs 5, 6) slightly asymmetrical, well-developed; rami, in dorsal view, very elongate, each one with strong, inner spiniform process on basal half and with apex bifurcate, forming outer subquadrate projection and inner spiniform process. Aedeagus (Fig. 7) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, claviform, median portion constricted, apical portion with dorsal lobe, rounded; gonoduct (ductus seminis) distinct, curved ventrally; gonopore located ventroapically. Female unknown. Material examined. Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Male holotype: “ BR / RJ—Nova Friburgo, \ Pico da Caledônia \ 22/VI/2019 \ Eq. [Equipe] Hemipterologia col. \ Coleta ativa” (MNRJ). Paratypes: five males, same data as the holotype (two in DZRJ, two in MNRJ, and one in DZUP). Etymology. The new species name, auromarginata, refers to the broad longitudinal yellow stripe located along the forewing costal margin (Fig. 26).

Paratubana takiyae sp. nov. (Figs 8–24, 28–30) Total length. Male holotype 8.2 mm, female paratypes 8.0–8.5 mm (n = 2). Head and thorax (Figs 28–30) much as described above for P. auromarginata sp. nov. Coloration (Figs 28–30). Crown and pronotum black with yellow markings distributed as follows: crown with pair of large areas between ocellus and eye, extending over antennal ledge and to posterior coronal margin, posterior portion with median bilobate spot extending to interocellar line; apex with spot extended from face; pronotum with pair of large spots connected to lateroposterior margins and continuous with line along lateral and posterior margins of disk. Eyes dark brown. Mesonotum black with yellow apex. Ground color of forewing light yellowish-brown, with broad longitudinal yellow stripe along costal margin, extending from base to R 1, evanescent behind this vein; veins mostly dark brown to black. Face black; frons with elongate median yellow spot, extending to anterior margin of crown; gena with yellow stripe along frontogenal suture; lorum mostly yellow; labrum yellowish-brown. Legs with coxa, trochanter, and large area of femur dark brown to black; remainder mostly yellow with brown areas; tarsal claws dark brown. Male terminalia (Fig. 8) with pygofer (Fig. 9), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin rounded; without processes; surface with macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior 2/3, except dorsally. Valve (Fig. 10), in ventral view, subrectangular, median portion constricted, followed by large membranous area. Subgenital plate (Figs 9, 10), in ventral view, abruptly narrowed on basal 1/3; not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; surface with numerous macro- and microsetae distributed near outer margin. Connective (Fig. 11), in dorsal view, Y-shaped; stalk distinctly longer than arms, gradually narrowed towards apex, with distinct dorsal keel. Style (Fig. 11), in dorsal view, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective; outer margin with well-developed lobe near mid-length; portion beyond lobe strongly curved and bearing setae; apex narrowed and obtuse. Paraphyses (Figs 12, 13) slightly asymmetrical, well-developed; rami, in dorsal view, elongate, narrowed apically, with pair of strong spiniform processes on basal half, directed dorsally and crossing each other; in lateral view, paraphyses pincer-like; base of ramus robust. Aedeagus (Fig. 14) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, claviform, median portion broad, not distinctly constricted, apical portion expanded, rounded; gonoduct (ductus seminis) distinct, well sclerotized, slightly curved ventrally; gonopore located apically. Description of the female paratypes. External morphology and coloration similar to those of male holotype. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 15), in ventral view, subrectangular; laterally expanded on basal half; apex bilobate with V-shaped median emargination; surface with median keel. “Internal” sternite VIII (Fig. 16), in dorsal view, with large median sclerotized area. Pygofer (Fig. 17), in lateral view, slightly produced posteriorly; posterior margin slightly angulate; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half, but some located more anteriorly. Valvifer I (Fig. 18), in lateral view, subrectangular. Valvula I (Figs 18–20), in lateral view, slightly expanded basally; blade slightly curved dorsally; apex acute; dorsal sculptured area extending from basal portion of blade to apex, formed mostly by scale-like processes arranged in oblique lines (strigate); ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion of blade, formed mostly by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device distinct on basal half of blade. Valvula II (Figs 21–23), in lateral view, expanded beyond basal curvature; preapical prominence small but distinct; apex obtuse; dorsal margin with about 18 continuous low teeth; denticles distributed on teeth and on dorsal and ventral portions of blade; dorsal denticulate apical portion longer than ventral portion; blade with ducts extending to teeth and to apex. Gonoplac (Fig. 24) of the usual Cicadellinae type: in lateral view, with basal half narrow and apical half distinctly expanded; apex obtuse; surface with few small setae on apex and along ventral margin. Material examined. Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Male holotype: “ BR / RJ—Teresópolis, P. [Parque] N. [Nacional da] Serra \ dos Órgãos, Trilha p/ Pedra do \ Sino (Parnaso 7) \ 27-28/ VII/2015 \ DM Takiya & APM Santos cols.” (DZRJ). Paratypes: two females, same data as the holotype (DZRJ, MNRJ). Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our colleague and dear friend Dr. Daniela Maeda Takiya (Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the study of Neotropical Cicadellidae and other insect groups. She was one of the collectors of the type series.

Genus Beltrana gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4C0DFFC6-7F48-457C-97C6-361C182A69DC Figs 1, 6A–B Type species Beltrana reticulata gen. et sp. nov., by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis Medium-sized leafhoppers (Fig. 6A–B). Head in dorsal view (Fig. 1A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown slightly less than interocular width; in lateral view (Fig. 1C), with crown-face transition with anterior margin foliaceous and bicarinate. Forewing (Fig. 1D) with venation densely reticulated, appendix very narrow. Male pygofer (Fig. 1F) without membranous apical digitiform process. Subgenital plate (Fig. 1F, H) fully sclerotized. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. Etymology The generic name is feminine. Beltrana, together with Fulana and Sicrana, forms a very popular expression in Brazil (“Fulana, Sicrana e Beltrana ”), which refers to unspecified people or people whose actual names should not be mentioned. Description HEAD AND THORAX. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 1A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown slightly less than interocular width; transocular width about six-sevenths humeral width of pronotum; crown with anterior margin broadly rounded, surface mostly flat, slightly concave medially, with subtle oblique striae between ocelli and adjacent to anterior margin; ocellus medium-sized, equidistant between median line and eye margin, closer to posterior than anterior margin of crown; coronal suture distinct only on basal portion of crown. Head in ventral view (Fig. 1B) with face slightly higher than wide; frontogenal suture distant from eye margin by slightly less than maximum width of clypeus and extending to anterior margin of crown; antennal ledge carinated and adjacent to anterior margin of crown, obliquely ascending and not extending over frons; frons approximately 1.7 times as long as wide; epistomal suture indistinct; clypeus approximately 1.3 times as long as maximum width, lateral margins parallel, apex slightly emarginated; maxillary plate produced ventrally, not reaching clypeus apex; gena excavated just below eye, ventrolateral margin slightly excavated. Head in lateral view (Fig. 1C) with crown-face transition distinct and foliaceous, with two carinae; frons concave below anterior margin of crown. Pronotum (Fig. 1A) with transverse striae on disc and posterior half; lateral margins straight, convergent anterad, and approximately as long as eye length; posterior margin excavated; in lateral view (Fig. 1C), moderately declivous, continuous with head declivity. Mesonotum (Fig. 1A) longer than wide; scutellum (Fig. 1C) flat. Forewing (Fig. 1D) hyaline, long, and narrow, approximately 3.2 times as long as maximum width; venation distinct and densely reticulated; appendix very narrow. Profemur with AD, AM, and PD rows reduced and poorly defined, with exception of apical setae AD 1, AM 1, and PD 1, respectively; AV and PV rows formed by 4–5 setae; IC row formed by slightly arched comb of fine setae, beginning at distal third of femur and extending to AM 1. Protibia, in cross-section, semi-circular; AV row formed by long setae, slightly longer and thicker towards apex; AD and PD rows without differentiated setae; PV row with 5 setae. Metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1. Metatibial AD row without intercalary setae between macrosetae; PD, AD, and AV rows with 26–28, 13–14, and 19–20 macrosetae, respectively. Metatarsomere I with outer setal row indistinct, apex with 5 platellae. Metatarsomere II apex with 4 platellae. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 1F) without membranous apical digitiform process. Subgenital plate (Fig. 1F, H) fully sclerotized. Connective (Fig. 1I) T-shaped. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Female unknown. Distribution French Guiana. Remarks An unpublished phylogenetic hypothesis based on 182 morphological characters combined with sequence data (28S and 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) recovered Beltrana gen. nov. as the sister group of the clade Reticana DeLong & Freytag, 1964 + Chloronana DeLong & Freytag, 1964 (Gonçalves 2016). Beltrana gen. nov. shares the following morphological characteristics with Reticana and Chloronana: (1) green coloration in life, yellow when preserved; (2) crown moderately produced anteriorly; (3) crown-face transition distinct and foliaceous; (4) forewing with venation reticulated; (5) metatibia without intercalary setae between macrosetae in AD row; (6) style short and with apical denticles; and (7) aedeagus with shaft long, thin, and with apical processes. However, Beltrana gen. nov. can easily be distinguished from Reticana and Chloronana by its more robust body (Fig. 6A); forewing more densely reticulated (Fig. 1D); male pygofer without membranous apical digitiform process (Fig. 1F); and subgenital plate fully sclerotized (Fig. 1F, H)., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564, {"references":["DeLong D. M. & Freytag P. H. 1964. Four genera of the World Gyponinae: a synopsis of the genera Gypona, Gyponana, Rugosana and Reticana. Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 2 (3): 1 - 227.","Goncalves C. C. 2016. Analise filogenetica de Gyponini Stal, 1870 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae). PhD Thesis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro."]}

Genus Marganana DeLong, 1948 Margana DeLong, 1942: 109; pls 1, 24, 28, 32, 34 (type species: Ponana marginifrons var. suilla Ball, 1935). [Preoccupied name] Marganana DeLong, 1948: 101. [New name for Margana]. Freytagana DeLong, 1975: 409; figs 1–8 (type species: Freytagana gibsoni DeLong, 1975). Syn. nov., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on page 87, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564, {"references":["DeLong D. M. 1948. A proposed new genus name Marganana and the allotype description of Prairiana hirsuta DeL. - Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science 48 (3): 101.","DeLong D. M. 1942. A Monographic Study of the North American Species of the Subfamily Gyponinae (Homoptera - Cicadellidae) Exclusive of Xerophloea. Ohio State University, Columbus.","DeLong D. M. 1975. A new genus Freytagana, and new species of Mexican Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science 48 (3): 409 - 410."]}

Genus Sicrana gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5D4E6996-37CB-49B3-AF47-0F247BBFF9AA Figs 4–5, 6G–J Type species Sicrana plana gen. et sp. nov., by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis Large-sized, flattened leafhoppers (Fig. 6G–J). Head in dorsal view (Fig. 4A) with rugose surface, strongly produced anteriorly, anterior margin parabolic; ocellus closer to median line than to adjacent eye and closer to posterior than to anterior margin of crown; in lateral view (Fig. 4C), with crown- face transition distinct and strongly foliaceous, margined by two carinae. Face (Figs 4B, 5A) with frons narrow; maxillary plate not reaching clypeus apex. Pronotum (Fig. 4A–C) with lateral margins foliaceous, expanded laterally. Forewing (Fig. 4D) with appendix absent. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with pair of apodemal processes. Second valvula of ovipositor with apical portion (Fig. 5G–H) with large preapical tooth. Etymology The generic name is feminine. Sicrana, together with Beltrana and Fulana, forms a very popular expression in Brazil (“Fulana, Sicrana e Beltrana’), which refers to unspecified people or people whose actual names should not be mentioned. Description HEAD AND THORAX. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 4A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown almost as long as interocular width; transocular width three-fourths of humeral width of pronotum; crown with anterior margin parabolic; surface flat; texture rugose; ocellus medium-sized, closer to median line than to adjacent eye and closer to posterior than to anterior margin of crown; coronal suture distinct along basal two-thirds of crown. Head in lateral view (Fig. 4C) with crown-face transition distinct and strongly foliaceous, with two very close carinae; frons tumid. Head in ventral view (Figs 4B, 5A) approximately as wide as high; frontogenal suture strongly sinuous, reaching antennal ledge and distant from eye margin by twice maximum width of clypeus; antennal ledge carinated, strongly arched, adjacent to anterior margin of crown and not extending over frons; frons narrow, approximately two times longer than wide; epistomal suture indistinct; clypeus approximately 1.4 times as long as maximum width, lateral margins parallel, apex slightly emarginated; maxillary plate very narrow, not reaching clypeus apex; gena with ventrolateral margin slightly excavated, texture with several oblique striations parallel to ventrolateral margin. Pronotum (Fig. 4A) rugose, except disc and posterior third with transverse parallel striae; anterior margin almost straight; lateral margins convergent anterad, about two times as long as eye length, rounded, carinated and foliaceous, expanded laterally; posterior margin slightly excavated; in lateral view (Fig. 4C), pronotal surface declivous; head and pronotum in continuous slope. Mesonotum (Fig. 4A) as long as wide; scutellum (Fig. 4C) flat. Forewing (Fig. 4D) long and narrow, approximately 3.2 times as long as wide; venation with some additional crossveins located mainly apically; appendix absent; apex subacute. Profemur with AD, AM, and PD rows reduced and poorly defined, with exception of apical setae AD1, AM1, and PD1, respectively; AV and PV rows formed by 5–6 very short and thin setae; IC row formed by slightly arched comb of fine setae, beginning at distal half of femur and extending to AM 1. Protibia in cross-section semi-circular; AV row formed by short setae, slightly longer and thicker towards apex, setae of apical portion shorter than diameter of tibia; AD row without differentiated setae; PD row with three small setae and undifferentiated intercalary setae; PV row with 4–5 small setae on apical half and undifferentiated intercalary setae. Metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1. Metatibia PD, AD, and AV rows with 24–25, 12, and 16 macrosetae, respectively; metatibia AD row without intercalary setae between macrosetae. Metatarsomere I with two rows of cucullate setae, inner row formed by 5–7 setae, outer row reduced, with 0–2 median setae, apex with 5 platellae. Metatarsomere II apex with 2–3 apical platellae. MALE TERMINALIA. Connective (Fig. 4H) transversely linear. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with pair of apodemal processes. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 5G) slightly higher preapically; apical portion (Fig. 5H) with large preapical tooth. Distribution Brazil (Rondônia State) and Ecuador (Orellana Province). Remarks Sicrana gen. nov. shares similar characteristics of external morphology and male terminalia with Clinonana Osborn, 1938, for instance: (1) large total length (> 13 mm); (2) head distinctly narrower than pronotum; (3) crown with rugose texture; (4) transition crown-face distinct and foliaceous; (5) ocellus closer to median line than to eye and closer to posterior than to anterior margin of crown; (6) pronotum with lateral margins foliaceous, expanded laterally; (7) forewing with subacute apex; and (8) aedeagus with apodemal processes and shaft with apical processes. However, Sicrana gen. nov. can easily be distinguished from Clinonana by the following characteristics: (1) body flattened dorsoventrally (Fig. 6H, J); (2) crown conspicuously more produced anteriorly (Fig. 4A); (3) frontogenal suture strongly sinuous and not reaching the anterior margin of the crown (Figs 4B, 5A); (4) face as high as wide (Figs 4B, 5A); (5) maxillary plate not reaching the apex of the clypeus (Figs 4B, 5A); (6) pronotum with lateral margins rounded (Fig. 4A); (7) forewing without appendix and maculae (Fig. 4D); (8) metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1; and (9) male pygofer without processes (Fig. 4F)., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 81-83, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564

Genus Sicrana gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5D4E6996-37CB-49B3-AF47-0F247BBFF9AA Figs 4–5, 6G–J Type species Sicrana plana gen. et sp. nov., by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis Large-sized, flattened leafhoppers (Fig. 6G–J). Head in dorsal view (Fig. 4A) with rugose surface, strongly produced anteriorly, anterior margin parabolic; ocellus closer to median line than to adjacent eye and closer to posterior than to anterior margin of crown; in lateral view (Fig. 4C), with crown- face transition distinct and strongly foliaceous, margined by two carinae. Face (Figs 4B, 5A) with frons narrow; maxillary plate not reaching clypeus apex. Pronotum (Fig. 4A–C) with lateral margins foliaceous, expanded laterally. Forewing (Fig. 4D) with appendix absent. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with pair of apodemal processes. Second valvula of ovipositor with apical portion (Fig. 5G–H) with large preapical tooth. Etymology The generic name is feminine. Sicrana, together with Beltrana and Fulana, forms a very popular expression in Brazil (“Fulana, Sicrana e Beltrana’), which refers to unspecified people or people whose actual names should not be mentioned. Description HEAD AND THORAX. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 4A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown almost as long as interocular width; transocular width three-fourths of humeral width of pronotum; crown with anterior margin parabolic; surface flat; texture rugose; ocellus medium-sized, closer to median line than to adjacent eye and closer to posterior than to anterior margin of crown; coronal suture distinct along basal two-thirds of crown. Head in lateral view (Fig. 4C) with crown-face transition distinct and strongly foliaceous, with two very close carinae; frons tumid. Head in ventral view (Figs 4B, 5A) approximately as wide as high; frontogenal suture strongly sinuous, reaching antennal ledge and distant from eye margin by twice maximum width of clypeus; antennal ledge carinated, strongly arched, adjacent to anterior margin of crown and not extending over frons; frons narrow, approximately two times longer than wide; epistomal suture indistinct; clypeus approximately 1.4 times as long as maximum width, lateral margins parallel, apex slightly emarginated; maxillary plate very narrow, not reaching clypeus apex; gena with ventrolateral margin slightly excavated, texture with several oblique striations parallel to ventrolateral margin. Pronotum (Fig. 4A) rugose, except disc and posterior third with transverse parallel striae; anterior margin almost straight; lateral margins convergent anterad, about two times as long as eye length, rounded, carinated and foliaceous, expanded laterally; posterior margin slightly excavated; in lateral view (Fig. 4C), pronotal surface declivous; head and pronotum in continuous slope. Mesonotum (Fig. 4A) as long as wide; scutellum (Fig. 4C) flat. Forewing (Fig. 4D) long and narrow, approximately 3.2 times as long as wide; venation with some additional crossveins located mainly apically; appendix absent; apex subacute. Profemur with AD, AM, and PD rows reduced and poorly defined, with exception of apical setae AD1, AM1, and PD1, respectively; AV and PV rows formed by 5–6 very short and thin setae; IC row formed by slightly arched comb of fine setae, beginning at distal half of femur and extending to AM 1. Protibia in cross-section semi-circular; AV row formed by short setae, slightly longer and thicker towards apex, setae of apical portion shorter than diameter of tibia; AD row without differentiated setae; PD row with three small setae and undifferentiated intercalary setae; PV row with 4–5 small setae on apical half and undifferentiated intercalary setae. Metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1. Metatibia PD, AD, and AV rows with 24–25, 12, and 16 macrosetae, respectively; metatibia AD row without intercalary setae between macrosetae. Metatarsomere I with two rows of cucullate setae, inner row formed by 5–7 setae, outer row reduced, with 0–2 median setae, apex with 5 platellae. Metatarsomere II apex with 2–3 apical platellae. MALE TERMINALIA. Connective (Fig. 4H) transversely linear. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with pair of apodemal processes. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 5G) slightly higher preapically; apical portion (Fig. 5H) with large preapical tooth. Distribution Brazil (Rondônia State) and Ecuador (Orellana Province). Remarks Sicrana gen. nov. shares similar characteristics of external morphology and male terminalia with Clinonana Osborn, 1938, for instance: (1) large total length (> 13 mm); (2) head distinctly narrower than pronotum; (3) crown with rugose texture; (4) transition crown-face distinct and foliaceous; (5) ocellus closer to median line than to eye and closer to posterior than to anterior margin of crown; (6) pronotum with lateral margins foliaceous, expanded laterally; (7) forewing with subacute apex; and (8) aedeagus with apodemal processes and shaft with apical processes. However, Sicrana gen. nov. can easily be distinguished from Clinonana by the following characteristics: (1) body flattened dorsoventrally (Fig. 6H, J); (2) crown conspicuously more produced anteriorly (Fig. 4A); (3) frontogenal suture strongly sinuous and not reaching the anterior margin of the crown (Figs 4B, 5A); (4) face as high as wide (Figs 4B, 5A); (5) maxillary plate not reaching the apex of the clypeus (Figs 4B, 5A); (6) pronotum with lateral margins rounded (Fig. 4A); (7) forewing without appendix and maculae (Fig. 4D); (8) metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1; and (9) male pygofer without processes (Fig. 4F).

Beltrana reticulata gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2F33353D-4741-476E-B6A8-FA2F74B33A35 Figs 1, 6A–B Diagnosis Pygofer (Fig. 1F) with apex distinctly truncated, ventral margin expanded posteroventrally, forming subquadrate lobe; in dorsal view (Fig. 1G), with small preapical inner lobe. Subgenital plate (Fig. 1F, H) with small sclerotized dorsal tooth near apex. Style (Fig. 1I–J) with knob-shaped apex bearing numerous denticles. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) with pair of short and acute apical processes. Etymology The specific epithet alludes to the reticulated venation of forewing (Fig. 1D). Material examined Holotype FRENCH GUIANA • ♂; French Guiana, Kaw Mountain Reserve, 0.5 km Rt. Rd. de Kaw, the hole; 1 Feb. 2008; H. Romack leg.; DNA voucher Entomologia, DZRJ ENT 2812; USNM. Paratype FRENCH GUIANA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ-AUCH #249; DZRJ. Description MEASUREMENTS. Total length: male 12.3–12.5 mm (n =2). COLORATION. Yellow (Fig. 6A–B). Crown (Fig. 1A) mostly orange, anterior and posterior margins yellow; ocelli yellow. Pronotum (Fig. 1A) with anterior three-fourths yellow and posterior fourth dark yellow. Forewing (Fig. 1D) yellow, translucent, with dark yellow venation. Legs (Fig. 6B) yellow. HEAD AND THORAX. External morphological characters as in generic description. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 1E) subrectangular, about 1.5 times as wide as long; lateral margins slightly rounded; posterior margin rectilinear. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 1F) trapezoidal, length approximately twice maximum height; apex distinctly truncated; macrosetae distributed only near apex, presence of few short and robust setae near apex; ventral margin expanded posteroventrally, forming subquadrate lobe; in dorsal view (Fig. 1G), with small preapical inner lobe. Subgenital plate in lateral view (Fig. 1F) not produced posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 1H), subtriangular, basal half of external margin expanded laterally, bearing short setae on apical half; apical half narrowing progressively towards apex; internal margin sinuous; dorsal surface with small, sclerotized tooth near apex; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 1I) approximately three-fifths of length of style; arms broad. Style (Fig. 1I), in dorsal view, with apodeme very short, spatulate, and strongly flattened laterally; apophysis elongated, flattened laterally; dorsal margin expanded laterally, forming preapical lamella; in lateral view (Fig. 1J), outer lobe indistinct; apex sclerotized, knob-shaped, with numerous small lateral and ventral denticles. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) with preatrium reduced; dorsal apodeme developed dorsally, not expanded laterally; shaft tubular and very elongated, curved anteriorly; apex with pair of short and acute processes directed dorsally. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Female unknown.

Genus Chilella DeLong & Freytag, 1967 Chilella DeLong & Freytag, 1967: 112; pl. I fig. 2, pl. III fig. 45 (type species: Chilella rugella DeLong & Freytag, 1967)., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on page 89, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564, {"references":["DeLong D. M. & Freytag P. H. 1967. Studies of the Gyponinae: two new genera, Chilenana and Chilella. Ohio Journal of Science 67 (2): 105 - 112."]}

Genus Fulana gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D3D2E937-9B40-42BB-AAC4-F821B4D22CB5 Figs 2–3, 6C–F Type species Fulana brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov., by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis Medium-sized leafhoppers (Fig. 6C–F). Head in dorsal view (Fig. 2A) short, median length of crown about 2.5 times smaller than interocular width; crown transversely striated; ocellus large, closer to anterior margin of crown; in lateral view (Fig. 2C), with crown-face transition distinct and narrow, bicarinate. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) with punctures. Forewing (Fig. 2D) covered by numerous small brown spots, appendix narrow. Male pygofer (Fig. 2F–G) with inner basiventral process; lateral lobe partly separated from base by flexible membranous line. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2H) with ventral surface covered by long filiform setae. Connective (Fig. 2I) longitudinally linear. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3G–H) with few teeth restricted to apical fourth. Etymology The generic name is feminine. Fulana, together with Beltrana and Sicrana, forms a very popular expression in Brazil (“Fulana, Sicrana e Beltrana ”), which refers to unspecified people or people whose actual names should not be mentioned. Description HEAD AND THORAX. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 2A) short; median length of crown about 2.5 times smaller than interocular width; crown with anterior margin slightly sinuous; surface adjacent to ocelli slightly concave between ocellus and eye; texture transversely striated; transocular width of head six-sevenths of humeral width of pronotum; ocellus large, close to anterior margin of crown and slightly closer to eye than to median line; coronal suture distinct, extending to near anterior margin of crown. Head in ventral view (Figs 2B, 3A) with face wider than high; frontogenal suture distant from eye margin by basal width of clypeus and surpassing antennal ledge, extending to anterior margin of crown; oriented obliquely downward in relation to frons; frons approximately as wide as long, lateral margins strongly convergent ventrally; epistomal suture distinct; clypeus approximately 1.2 times as long as maximum width, lateral margins divergent apically, apex slightly emarginated; maxillary plate produced ventrally as far as clypeus apex; gena with ventrolateral margin straight on mid-length and slightly excavated below eye margin. Head in lateral view (Fig. 2C) with crown-face transition distinct and narrow, bicarinate; frons and clypeus flattened. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) with conspicuous transverse striae and punctures on disc and posterior half; lateral margins straight, convergent anterad, slightly shorter than eye length; posterior margin straight; in lateral view (Fig. 2C), moderately declivous; head and pronotum in continuous slope. Mesonotum (Fig. 2A) as long as wide; scutellum (Fig. 2C) slightly swollen. Forewing (Fig. 2D) translucent, covered by numerous small brown spots; long and narrow, approximately 3.3 times as long as wide; venation distinct; appendix very narrow and bordering first to second apical cells. Profemur with AD, AM, and PD rows reduced and poorly defined, with exception of apical setae AD1, AM1, and PD 1, respectively; AV and PV rows formed by 2–3 setae; IC row formed by slightly arched comb of fine setae, beginning at distal half of femur and extending to AM 1. Protibia in cross-section semi-circular; AV row formed by long setae, slightly longer and thicker towards apex; AD row without differentiated setae; PD row with 7–8 setae; PV row with 6–7 setae. Metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1. Metatibia PD, AD, and AV rows with 26–31, 13–14, and 16–19 macrosetae, respectively; AD row with 1– 4 intercalary setae between macrosetae; PV row with setae of apical half formed by sequence of a thicker and 2–4 thinner setae. Metatarsomere I with two rows of setae, inner row consisting of larger and more robust setae than those of outer row; apex with 6 platellae; metatarsomere II apex with 2–3 platellae. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 2E) long, fully hiding subgenital plates. Pygofer (Fig. 2F–G) with inner basiventral process adjacent to ventral margin; lobe partly separated from base by flexible membranous cleft. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2H) with ventral surface covered by long filiform setae. Connective (Fig. 2I) longitudinally linear. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3G) elongated, slightly higher along apical fourth; apical portion (Fig. 3H) with dorsal margin bearing minute and uniform denticles. Distribution Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo states). Remarks An unpublished study based on 182 morphological characters combined with sequence data (28S and 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) recovered Fulana gen. nov. as the sister group to all other gyponines except Chilenana DeLong & Freytag, 1967 (Gonçalves 2016). In fact, the genera Fulana gen. nov. and Chilenana share plesiomorphic characteristics with other tribes of Iassinae, which are absent in other Gyponini genera: (1) male pygofer with lateral lobe partly separated from base by flexible membranous cleft; and (2) presence of basiventral inner process on the male pygofer. The new genus resembles Alapona DeLong, 1980, Ponana Ball, 1920, and Dumorpha DeLong & Freytag, 1975 because of its slightly anteriorly produced and transversely striated crown; ocellus closest to the anterior margin of the crown; forewing with dark spots; and metatibia with intercalary setae between macrosetae of the AD row. However, Fulana gen. nov. differs from Alapona by the lack of flaps in the aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L), from Ponana and Alapona by its thinner crown-face transition (Fig. 2C), and from Ponana and Dumorpha by its aedeagus without apodemal processes (Fig. 2K).

Fulana brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B1D1E77B-63FF-443C-8AEC-9952CA62AFAE Figs 2–3, 6C–F Diagnosis Male sternite VIII (Fig. 2E) with posterior margin rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2F, H) narrow and long. Style (Fig. 2J) broadened on apical two-thirds and tapering towards apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) with apex bilobed and with pair of small dorsal spines. Female sternite VII (Fig. 3B–C) with posterior margin slightly excavated medially. First valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3E) with apex acute. Etymology The species name is in reference to the country of origin of the studied specimens. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Brasil, RJ [Rio de Janeiro], P. [Parque] N. [Nacional] do Itatiaia, quiosque poço azul; 22°27′07″ S, 44°36′45″ W; 17–18 Nov. 2012; D.M. Takiya and A.P.M. Santos leg.; DNA voucher Entomologia, DZRJ ENT 1889; DZRJ-AUCH #250; DZRJ. Paratypes BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ-AUCH #251; DZRJ • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; Sep.1929; D.Mendes leg.; MNRJ • 1♀; Itatiaia;alt. 750m; Jan.1958; U.Barth leg.; MNRJ • 1♀;P.N. Itatiaia, Casa do Pesquisador; 22.454°S, 44.608°W;alt. 800m;light; 27–30Oct.2011; R.R.Cavichioli leg.; DZUP-083577 • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; Oct. 1936; J.F. Zikan leg.; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Aug. 1938; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Nov. 1938; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Dec. 1939; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 13Aug. 1940; CEIOC. – Bahia • 1♂; Santa Terezinha, Serra Jibóia; 12°51′13″ S, 39°28′32″ W; alt. 800 m; luz [light]; 8 Jun. 2007; J.A. Rafael and F.F. Xavier F° leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; Encruzilhada; Nov. 1975; M. Alvarenga leg.; DZUP-083578. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Itamonte, P.N. do Itatiaia, Travessia Serra Negra, Campo das Flores, segundo acampamento, em árvore; 22°19′55″ S, 44°04′42″ W; alt. 1960 m; 25–26 Nov. 2011; D.M. Takiya and A.P.M. Santos leg.; DZRJ-AUCH #252; DZRJ • 1 ♂; Itabirito, Vale dos Tropeiros, Cachoeira das Carrancas; 20°12′28.3″ S, 43°38′26″ W; alt. 1046 m; 10 Oct. 2010; L. Dumas and N. Ferreira Jr. leg.; DZRJ-AUCH #253; DZRJ • 1 ♀; São Gonçalo, Rio Abaixo, Est. [Estação] Amb. [Ambiental] Peti-Cemig; 7 Nov. 2003; A.F. Kumagai leg.; DZUP-083579. – Paraná • 1 ♀; Serra do Mar, Morro dos Perdidos; 25°51′52″ S, 48°53′14″ W; alt. 900 m; arm. [armadilha] de luz, lençol; 17 Feb. 2007; J.A. Rafael and E. Grossi leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; S. [São] José [dos] Pinhais, BR 277, km 54; luminosa; 23 Mar. 1985; C.I.I.F. [Centro de Identificação de Insetos Fitófagos]; DZUP-083580 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 May 1985; DZUP-083581 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; T.T. [Torre Telepar]; choque; 16–23 May 1985; DZUP-083582 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; lâmpada; 3 Oct. 1986; Lev. [Levantamento] Ent. [Entomológico] Profaupar; DZUP-083583 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1 Nov. 1986; DZUP-083584 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Nov. 1986; DZUP-083585 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Dec. 1986; DZUP-083586 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 31 Dec. 1986; DZUP-083587 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Jan. 1987; DZUP-083588 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jan. 1988; DZUP-083589 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Jan. 1988; DZUP-083590 • 1 ♂; Colombo, Embrapa, BR 476, km 20; lâmpada; 18 Jan. 1988; Lev. Ent. Profaupar; DZUP-083591 • 1 ♂; Campo Largo, Est. [Estrada] do Cerne, km 45.5; Feb. 1999; L. Chiamolera leg.; DZUP-083592 • 2 ♂♂; Antonina, Res. Rio Cachoeira; 25.316° S, 46.696° W; alt. 50 m; luminosa; 20– 25 Nov. 2014; Entomologia UFPR; DZUP-083593, 083594 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; luminosa solo, 5–10 Nov. 2015; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Tijucas do Sul, Voçoroca, Excursão Entomologia I, UFPR; 4 Mar. 2015; A.C. Domahovski leg.; MNRJ • 1 ♂; Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra; luz; 4 Nov. 2008; P.C. Grossi leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 25°29′47″ S, 48°58′54″ W; alt. 1021 m; Arm. [Armadilha] Lum. [Luminosa]; 28 Nov. 2018; A.P. Pinto, B.R. Araujo and A.C. Domahovski leg.; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25.4967° S, 48.9839° W; alt. 1010 m; malaise; 16 Feb.–11 Mar. 2019; G. Melo and A. Martins leg.; DZUP-083598, DZUP-083599. – Santa Catarina • 1 ♂; Blumenau, Parque Spitzkopf, confluência dos Ribeirões Caeté e do Ouro, churrasqueira; 20°00′21.60″ S, 49°06′45.70″ W; alt. 164 m; pano branco; 21 Jan. 2011; D.M. Takiya and A.P.M. Santos leg.; DZRJ-AUCH #254, DZRJ. – São Paulo • 1 ♂; São Paulo, Alto da Serra; Mar. 1924; R. Spitz leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 43 km a Nordeste de Miracatu; alt. 460 m; 8–9 Oct. 2005; Mielke and Casagrande leg.; MZSP. Description MEASUREMENTS. Total length: male 10.2–11.5 mm (n =21); female 12.3–14.5 mm (n=20). COLORATION. Pale yellow to yellow (Fig. 6C–F). Crown (Fig. 2A) pale yellow, with circular black spot behind each ocellus, adjacent to posterior margin; anterior margin with three dark maculae, one medially and two in front of ocelli. Face (Figs 2B, 3A) pale yellow to yellow; frons with about ten pairs of dark bands over muscular impressions, dorsal portion with small dark punctuations; epistomal and frontogenal sutures black; lorum with dark subtriangular macula adjacent to lateral margin of clypeus; clypeus with central dark macula and apical margin black; gena with three black maculae that may be interconnected, forming large spot in some specimens: one adjacent to antennal pit, one adjacent to inner corner of compound eye, and one adjacent to lorum base. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) with small dark punctures except near anterior margin, behind eyes. Mesonotum (Fig. 2A) with ringed black maculae near lateral corners; in lateral view (Fig. 2C), lateral lobe of pronotum with large black spot, anepisternum with small black spot. Forewing (Fig. 2D) pale yellow, translucent, with yellow-cream areas on basal twothirds; numerous small black spots throughout surface and several larger black spots on apices of anal veins, along costal margin, over crossveins, and apical margin. Legs (Fig. 6D, F) pale yellow with scattered dark maculae; tarsus of pro- and mesothoracic legs black. HEAD AND THORAX. External morphological characters as in generic description. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 2E) strongly produced posteriorly, about 1.6 times as long as wide; lateral margins converging towards apex, posterior margin broadly rounded. Valve subrectangular, three times as wide as long; posterior margin shallowly excavated medially. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 2F) elongate, about 2.1 times as long as maximum height; apex rounded; macrosetae distributed only on apical half; basiventral inner process (Fig. 2F) strongly sclerotized, long and thin, almost reaching pygofer apex and contiguous to ventral margin, apical fourth curved dorsally; in ventral view (Fig. 2G), process broadened preapically, with short preapical tooth on external side, apex acute. Subgenital plate in lateral view (Fig. 2F) not produced posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 2H) long and narrow, about 6.4 times longer than wide; lateral margins parallel; apex abruptly rounded. Connective (Fig. 2I) approximately one-fourth of length of style; stalk longer than wide; arms short, slightly wider than stalk; dorsal keel developed. Style in dorsal view (Fig. 2I) with outer lobe developed and rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 2J), broadened on apical two-thirds and tapering towards apex; ventral margin with few denticles at median third; apex acute and curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) with preatrium long; dorsal apodeme projected dorsally; shaft elongated and tubular, curved posterodorsally, expanded apically; apex bilobed, with pair of small apical spines. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VII (Fig. 3B–C) 2.3 times as wide as long; posterolateral borders rounded, posterior margin slightly excavated medially. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Pygofer (Fig. 3D) elongate, about 1.8 times as long as maximum height; apex rounded; macrosetae distributed near apex and ventral margin. First valvifer (Fig. 3E) subquadrate. First valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3E) slightly curved dorsally, about 9.6 times as long as high; with approximately same height along its entire length; dorsal sculptured area beginning on basal third, its apical portion (Fig. 3F) strigate; blade apex acute. Second valvifer (Fig. 3I) higher than long. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3G) slightly higher apically, approximately 9.5 times longer than maximum height; apical portion (Fig. 3H) of dorsal margin with about seven small and rounded teeth; blade apex tapered and acute. Gonoplac (Fig. 3I) 4.7 times as long as high; dorsoapical and ventroapical margins convergent apically; dorsoapical margin short; ventral margin with few short setae mainly near apex; apex subacute. Remarks Male specimens collected from different localities show a variation in the shape of the apical portion of the ventral process of pygofer, which may be more curved or straighter, more dilated or slightly thinner. In addition, some specimens have two conspicuous and rounded black spots over crossveins of discal cells of forewing. However, remaining structures of the male terminalia and shape of the female sternite VII are invariable and we thus consider these variations as intraspecific. Specimens of Fulana brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. were mainly collected in areas of Atlantic Forest, at altitudes that vary from 50 to 1960 m above sea level. A putative second species of the new genus, known only from female specimens from the Brazilian Amazon Rain Forest, State of Amazonas, Manaus, was studied but will not be described until male specimens become available. This undescribed species is similar to F. brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. in all aspects of the external morphology and female terminalia described herein. However, it can be distinguished by its larger size (15.5–15.8 mm); head in ventral view with fewer black maculae on face (lorum with small spot adjacent to lateral margin of clypeus, frons with punctuations and a semi-circular macula near anterior margin of crown, and antennal pits black); and sternite VII more deeply excavated medially.

Marganana (Marganana) mexicana DeLong & Freytag, 1963 Fig. 7 Marganana (Marganana) mexicana DeLong & Freytag, 1963: 260, pl. I fig. 4, pl. II figs 6–11, 24. Freytagana gibsoni DeLong, 1975: 409; figs 1–8. Syn. nov. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♂; Mexico, Puebla, Necaxa; 27 Oct. 1945; DeLong, Hershberger, Stone and Elliot leg.; OSUC-0169614. Other material MEXICO • ♂, holotype of Freytagana gibsoni; Mexico, Rte. 190, 28 mi. E of Mexico City; 28 Jul. 1965; P.H. Freytag and L.P. Gibson leg.; OSUC-0158615. Remarks Margana was erected by DeLong (1942) to accomodate the type species, Ponana marginifrons var. suilla Ball, 1935, from Arizona, USA. A few years later, DeLong (1948) proposed a new name for the genus, Marganana, because the previous name had already been taken by a genus of Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. DeLong & Freytag (1963) erected a new subgenus, Declivana and two new species, Marganana (Marganana) mexicana from Mexico and Marganana (Declivana) equata from Guyana. According to DeLong (1942) and DeLong & Freytag (1963), Marganana differs from other Gyponini genera by the following characteristics: (1) crown short and broad, with transversely striated surface; (2) ocellus closer to median line than to adjacent eye; (3) transition crown-face with thickened margin and carinate; (4) face short and broad; (5) pronotum broad and slightly wider than head; (6) forewing long and narrow, with venation normal to reticulated, with veins wide, conspicuous, and dark margined, and appendix developed; (7) hind tibia without outer secondary setae; and (8) aedeagus simple, without basal processes. The monotypic genus Freytagana was erected by DeLong (1975) to accomodate the type species, Freytagana gibsoni DeLong, 1975, from Mexico. According to that author, Freytagana differs from other gyponines by the following set of characteristics: (1) crown short and broad, with anterior and posterior margins almost parallel; (2) ocellus closer to median line than to adjacent eye; (3) transition crown-face distinct and thick; and (4) forewing long and narrow, with venation reticulated, and slight appendix. Based on the original descriptions of the genera and a detailed study of the holotypes of the two included species, we conclude that there are no characters that distinguish Freytagana from Marganana. Therefore, we suggest that Freytagana be treated as a junior synonym of Marganana. In addition, considering the distribution data (the holotype of F. gibsoni and several paratypes of M. mexicana are from the same locality – Mexico City), forewing venation, and male terminalia (Fig. 7A–H, I–P), we concluded that holotypes of F. gibsoni and M. mexicana are conspecific, so that the former should be treated as a junior synonym of the latter. We note that the holotype of F. gibsoni has its aedeagus shaft damaged and twisted, besides being strongly bent ventrally at apical half. This may be the reason why DeLong did not treat them as the same species., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 87-89, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564, {"references":["DeLong D. M. & Freytag P. H. 1963. Studies of the Gyponinae 1. The genus Marganana DeLong (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science 63 (6): 258 - 262.","DeLong D. M. 1975. A new genus Freytagana, and new species of Mexican Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science 48 (3): 409 - 410.","DeLong D. M. 1942. A Monographic Study of the North American Species of the Subfamily Gyponinae (Homoptera - Cicadellidae) Exclusive of Xerophloea. Ohio State University, Columbus.","DeLong D. M. 1948. A proposed new genus name Marganana and the allotype description of Prairiana hirsuta DeL. - Gyponinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science 48 (3): 101."]}

Beltrana reticulata gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2F33353D-4741-476E-B6A8-FA2F74B33A35 Figs 1, 6A–B Diagnosis Pygofer (Fig. 1F) with apex distinctly truncated, ventral margin expanded posteroventrally, forming subquadrate lobe; in dorsal view (Fig. 1G), with small preapical inner lobe. Subgenital plate (Fig. 1F, H) with small sclerotized dorsal tooth near apex. Style (Fig. 1I–J) with knob-shaped apex bearing numerous denticles. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) with pair of short and acute apical processes. Etymology The specific epithet alludes to the reticulated venation of forewing (Fig. 1D). Material examined Holotype FRENCH GUIANA • ♂; French Guiana, Kaw Mountain Reserve, 0.5 km Rt. Rd. de Kaw, the hole; 1 Feb. 2008; H. Romack leg.; DNA voucher Entomologia, DZRJ ENT 2812; USNM. Paratype FRENCH GUIANA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ-AUCH #249; DZRJ. Description MEASUREMENTS. Total length: male 12.3–12.5 mm (n =2). COLORATION. Yellow (Fig. 6A–B). Crown (Fig. 1A) mostly orange, anterior and posterior margins yellow; ocelli yellow. Pronotum (Fig. 1A) with anterior three-fourths yellow and posterior fourth dark yellow. Forewing (Fig. 1D) yellow, translucent, with dark yellow venation. Legs (Fig. 6B) yellow. HEAD AND THORAX. External morphological characters as in generic description. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 1E) subrectangular, about 1.5 times as wide as long; lateral margins slightly rounded; posterior margin rectilinear. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 1F) trapezoidal, length approximately twice maximum height; apex distinctly truncated; macrosetae distributed only near apex, presence of few short and robust setae near apex; ventral margin expanded posteroventrally, forming subquadrate lobe; in dorsal view (Fig. 1G), with small preapical inner lobe. Subgenital plate in lateral view (Fig. 1F) not produced posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 1H), subtriangular, basal half of external margin expanded laterally, bearing short setae on apical half; apical half narrowing progressively towards apex; internal margin sinuous; dorsal surface with small, sclerotized tooth near apex; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 1I) approximately three-fifths of length of style; arms broad. Style (Fig. 1I), in dorsal view, with apodeme very short, spatulate, and strongly flattened laterally; apophysis elongated, flattened laterally; dorsal margin expanded laterally, forming preapical lamella; in lateral view (Fig. 1J), outer lobe indistinct; apex sclerotized, knob-shaped, with numerous small lateral and ventral denticles. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) with preatrium reduced; dorsal apodeme developed dorsally, not expanded laterally; shaft tubular and very elongated, curved anteriorly; apex with pair of short and acute processes directed dorsally. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Female unknown., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564

Sicrana plana gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7A4F2853-38B6-41C6-8EFD-DA2DDE7FB3CA Figs 4–5, 6G–J Diagnosis Male pygofer (Fig. 4F) with dorsal margin strongly excavated; macrosetae located on apical half, forming longitudinal row. Subgenital plate (Fig. 4F–G) ligulate, with tuft of filiform setae near apex on dorsal surface. Style (Fig. 4H–I) with apex acute, more sclerotized and curved outwards. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with dorsal apodeme with pair of long, claviform processes; shaft tubular with pair of long apical processes directed anteroventrally. Female sternite VII (Fig. 5B–C) with posterior margin with broad median lobe, rounded and emarginated medially. Etymology The species name refers to its flattened body (Fig. 6H, J). Material examined Holotype ECUADOR • ♂; Ecuador, Orellana, Transect Ent. 1 km S of Onkonegare, Reserva Etnica Waorani, Onkonegare Camp; 00°39′10″ S, 76°26′00″ W; alt. 220 m; fogging terre [sic! terra] firme forest; 2 Jul. 1995; T.L. Erwin et al. leg.; #1062; DNA voucher Entomologia, DZRJ ENT 2808; EPNC. Paratypes ECUADOR • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype but 9 Feb. 1995; #986; EPNC. BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Brasil, Rondônia, Monte Negro, Reserva Legal, Loteamento; 10°16′35″ S, 63°20′40″ W; alt. 187 m; light trap; 3–15 Dec. 2011; Amorim, Ament and Riccandi [sic! Riccardi] leg.; DZUP-083603. Description MEASUREMENTS. Total length: male 13.0– 13.7 mm (n =2); female 16.8 mm (n =1). COLORATION. Male yellow (Fig. 6G–J) without markings. Female with face (Fig. 5A) with dark band adjacent to margin of crown. HEAD AND THORAX. External morphological characters as in generic description. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 4E) subrectangular, about 1.3 times as wide as long; lateral margins parallel, posterior margin slightly rounded. Valve subrectangular, 2.3 times as wide as long; posterior margin convex. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 4F) moderately produced posteriorly, about 1.7 times as long as maximum height, without processes; dorsal margin strongly excavated; less than 10 macrosetae forming a longitudinal row, near dorsal margin of apical half; apex tapered and rounded. Subgenital plate, in lateral view (Fig. 4F), produced posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 4G), ligulate, about 3.6 times as long as wide; ventral surface covered by small setae; dorsal surface with tuft of moderately long filiform setae near apex; lateral margins divergent towards apex; apex abruptly tapered and rounded. Connective (Fig. 4H) with anterior portion membranous, posterior portion sclerotized; approximately one-seventh length of style; arms narrow, strongly divergent. Style in dorsal view (Fig. 4H) with outer lobe poorly developed; in lateral view (Fig. 4I), with margins parallel; ventral margin smooth; apex acute, more sclerotized and curved outwards. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with preatrium absent; atrium expanded posteriorly; dorsal apodeme well developed; apodemal processes claviform, extending to apex of shaft, subapical region of each process rounded and with preapical excavation dorsally; shaft elongated and tubular, curved dorsally; apex with pair of processes parallel to shaft, extending anteroventrally, half-length of shaft, each process with inner margin crenulate and apex acute. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VII (Fig. 5B–C) 2.3 times as wide as long; posterolateral angles developed and subacute; posterior margin with broad median lobe, rounded and emarginated medially. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Pygofer (Fig. 5D) elongate, about 1.5 times as long as maximum height; apex rounded; few macrosetae distributed near apex and ventral margin. First valvifer (Fig. 5E) subtriangular. First valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 5E) slightly curved dorsally; about seven times as long as high; slightly higher on median third; dorsal sculptured area beginning at basal third; apex (Fig. 5F) with dorsal and ventral sculptured areas strigate; blade apex acute. Second valvifer (Fig. 5D) higher than long. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 5G) slightly higher medially; approximately 7.5 times as long as maximum height; median third with dorsal triangular protuberance; apical portion (Fig. 5H) with large preapical tooth; blade apex tapered and acute. Gonoplac (Fig. 5D) 5.4 times as long as high; dorsoapical margin long and straight; apex rounded., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 83-87, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564

Fulana brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B1D1E77B-63FF-443C-8AEC-9952CA62AFAE Figs 2–3, 6C–F Diagnosis Male sternite VIII (Fig. 2E) with posterior margin rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2F, H) narrow and long. Style (Fig. 2J) broadened on apical two-thirds and tapering towards apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) with apex bilobed and with pair of small dorsal spines. Female sternite VII (Fig. 3B–C) with posterior margin slightly excavated medially. First valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3E) with apex acute. Etymology The species name is in reference to the country of origin of the studied specimens. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Brasil, RJ [Rio de Janeiro], P. [Parque] N. [Nacional] do Itatiaia, quiosque poço azul; 22°27′07″ S, 44°36′45″ W; 17–18 Nov. 2012; D.M. Takiya and A.P.M. Santos leg.; DNA voucher Entomologia, DZRJ ENT 1889; DZRJ-AUCH #250; DZRJ. Paratypes BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DZRJ-AUCH #251; DZRJ • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; Sep.1929; D.Mendes leg.; MNRJ • 1♀; Itatiaia;alt. 750m; Jan.1958; U.Barth leg.; MNRJ • 1♀;P.N. Itatiaia, Casa do Pesquisador; 22.454°S, 44.608°W;alt. 800m;light; 27–30Oct.2011; R.R.Cavichioli leg.; DZUP-083577 • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; Oct. 1936; J.F. Zikan leg.; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Aug. 1938; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Nov. 1938; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Dec. 1939; CEIOC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 13Aug. 1940; CEIOC. – Bahia • 1♂; Santa Terezinha, Serra Jibóia; 12°51′13″ S, 39°28′32″ W; alt. 800 m; luz [light]; 8 Jun. 2007; J.A. Rafael and F.F. Xavier F° leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; Encruzilhada; Nov. 1975; M. Alvarenga leg.; DZUP-083578. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Itamonte, P.N. do Itatiaia, Travessia Serra Negra, Campo das Flores, segundo acampamento, em árvore; 22°19′55″ S, 44°04′42″ W; alt. 1960 m; 25–26 Nov. 2011; D.M. Takiya and A.P.M. Santos leg.; DZRJ-AUCH #252; DZRJ • 1 ♂; Itabirito, Vale dos Tropeiros, Cachoeira das Carrancas; 20°12′28.3″ S, 43°38′26″ W; alt. 1046 m; 10 Oct. 2010; L. Dumas and N. Ferreira Jr. leg.; DZRJ-AUCH #253; DZRJ • 1 ♀; São Gonçalo, Rio Abaixo, Est. [Estação] Amb. [Ambiental] Peti-Cemig; 7 Nov. 2003; A.F. Kumagai leg.; DZUP-083579. – Paraná • 1 ♀; Serra do Mar, Morro dos Perdidos; 25°51′52″ S, 48°53′14″ W; alt. 900 m; arm. [armadilha] de luz, lençol; 17 Feb. 2007; J.A. Rafael and E. Grossi leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; S. [São] José [dos] Pinhais, BR 277, km 54; luminosa; 23 Mar. 1985; C.I.I.F. [Centro de Identificação de Insetos Fitófagos]; DZUP-083580 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 May 1985; DZUP-083581 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; T.T. [Torre Telepar]; choque; 16–23 May 1985; DZUP-083582 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; lâmpada; 3 Oct. 1986; Lev. [Levantamento] Ent. [Entomológico] Profaupar; DZUP-083583 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1 Nov. 1986; DZUP-083584 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Nov. 1986; DZUP-083585 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Dec. 1986; DZUP-083586 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 31 Dec. 1986; DZUP-083587 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Jan. 1987; DZUP-083588 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jan. 1988; DZUP-083589 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Jan. 1988; DZUP-083590 • 1 ♂; Colombo, Embrapa, BR 476, km 20; lâmpada; 18 Jan. 1988; Lev. Ent. Profaupar; DZUP-083591 • 1 ♂; Campo Largo, Est. [Estrada] do Cerne, km 45.5; Feb. 1999; L. Chiamolera leg.; DZUP-083592 • 2 ♂♂; Antonina, Res. Rio Cachoeira; 25.316° S, 46.696° W; alt. 50 m; luminosa; 20– 25 Nov. 2014; Entomologia UFPR; DZUP-083593, 083594 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; luminosa solo, 5–10 Nov. 2015; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Tijucas do Sul, Voçoroca, Excursão Entomologia I, UFPR; 4 Mar. 2015; A.C. Domahovski leg.; MNRJ • 1 ♂; Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra; luz; 4 Nov. 2008; P.C. Grossi leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 25°29′47″ S, 48°58′54″ W; alt. 1021 m; Arm. [Armadilha] Lum. [Luminosa]; 28 Nov. 2018; A.P. Pinto, B.R. Araujo and A.C. Domahovski leg.; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25.4967° S, 48.9839° W; alt. 1010 m; malaise; 16 Feb.–11 Mar. 2019; G. Melo and A. Martins leg.; DZUP-083598, DZUP-083599. – Santa Catarina • 1 ♂; Blumenau, Parque Spitzkopf, confluência dos Ribeirões Caeté e do Ouro, churrasqueira; 20°00′21.60″ S, 49°06′45.70″ W; alt. 164 m; pano branco; 21 Jan. 2011; D.M. Takiya and A.P.M. Santos leg.; DZRJ-AUCH #254, DZRJ. – São Paulo • 1 ♂; São Paulo, Alto da Serra; Mar. 1924; R. Spitz leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; 43 km a Nordeste de Miracatu; alt. 460 m; 8–9 Oct. 2005; Mielke and Casagrande leg.; MZSP. Description MEASUREMENTS. Total length: male 10.2–11.5 mm (n =21); female 12.3–14.5 mm (n=20). COLORATION. Pale yellow to yellow (Fig. 6C–F). Crown (Fig. 2A) pale yellow, with circular black spot behind each ocellus, adjacent to posterior margin; anterior margin with three dark maculae, one medially and two in front of ocelli. Face (Figs 2B, 3A) pale yellow to yellow; frons with about ten pairs of dark bands over muscular impressions, dorsal portion with small dark punctuations; epistomal and frontogenal sutures black; lorum with dark subtriangular macula adjacent to lateral margin of clypeus; clypeus with central dark macula and apical margin black; gena with three black maculae that may be interconnected, forming large spot in some specimens: one adjacent to antennal pit, one adjacent to inner corner of compound eye, and one adjacent to lorum base. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) with small dark punctures except near anterior margin, behind eyes. Mesonotum (Fig. 2A) with ringed black maculae near lateral corners; in lateral view (Fig. 2C), lateral lobe of pronotum with large black spot, anepisternum with small black spot. Forewing (Fig. 2D) pale yellow, translucent, with yellow-cream areas on basal twothirds; numerous small black spots throughout surface and several larger black spots on apices of anal veins, along costal margin, over crossveins, and apical margin. Legs (Fig. 6D, F) pale yellow with scattered dark maculae; tarsus of pro- and mesothoracic legs black. HEAD AND THORAX. External morphological characters as in generic description. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 2E) strongly produced posteriorly, about 1.6 times as long as wide; lateral margins converging towards apex, posterior margin broadly rounded. Valve subrectangular, three times as wide as long; posterior margin shallowly excavated medially. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 2F) elongate, about 2.1 times as long as maximum height; apex rounded; macrosetae distributed only on apical half; basiventral inner process (Fig. 2F) strongly sclerotized, long and thin, almost reaching pygofer apex and contiguous to ventral margin, apical fourth curved dorsally; in ventral view (Fig. 2G), process broadened preapically, with short preapical tooth on external side, apex acute. Subgenital plate in lateral view (Fig. 2F) not produced posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 2H) long and narrow, about 6.4 times longer than wide; lateral margins parallel; apex abruptly rounded. Connective (Fig. 2I) approximately one-fourth of length of style; stalk longer than wide; arms short, slightly wider than stalk; dorsal keel developed. Style in dorsal view (Fig. 2I) with outer lobe developed and rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 2J), broadened on apical two-thirds and tapering towards apex; ventral margin with few denticles at median third; apex acute and curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) with preatrium long; dorsal apodeme projected dorsally; shaft elongated and tubular, curved posterodorsally, expanded apically; apex bilobed, with pair of small apical spines. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VII (Fig. 3B–C) 2.3 times as wide as long; posterolateral borders rounded, posterior margin slightly excavated medially. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Pygofer (Fig. 3D) elongate, about 1.8 times as long as maximum height; apex rounded; macrosetae distributed near apex and ventral margin. First valvifer (Fig. 3E) subquadrate. First valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3E) slightly curved dorsally, about 9.6 times as long as high; with approximately same height along its entire length; dorsal sculptured area beginning on basal third, its apical portion (Fig. 3F) strigate; blade apex acute. Second valvifer (Fig. 3I) higher than long. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3G) slightly higher apically, approximately 9.5 times longer than maximum height; apical portion (Fig. 3H) of dorsal margin with about seven small and rounded teeth; blade apex tapered and acute. Gonoplac (Fig. 3I) 4.7 times as long as high; dorsoapical and ventroapical margins convergent apically; dorsoapical margin short; ventral margin with few short setae mainly near apex; apex subacute. Remarks Male specimens collected from different localities show a variation in the shape of the apical portion of the ventral process of pygofer, which may be more curved or straighter, more dilated or slightly thinner. In addition, some specimens have two conspicuous and rounded black spots over crossveins of discal cells of forewing. However, remaining structures of the male terminalia and shape of the female sternite VII are invariable and we thus consider these variations as intraspecific. Specimens of Fulana brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. were mainly collected in areas of Atlantic Forest, at altitudes that vary from 50 to 1960 m above sea level. A putative second species of the new genus, known only from female specimens from the Brazilian Amazon Rain Forest, State of Amazonas, Manaus, was studied but will not be described until male specimens become available. This undescribed species is similar to F. brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov. in all aspects of the external morphology and female terminalia described herein. However, it can be distinguished by its larger size (15.5–15.8 mm); head in ventral view with fewer black maculae on face (lorum with small spot adjacent to lateral margin of clypeus, frons with punctuations and a semi-circular macula near anterior margin of crown, and antennal pits black); and sternite VII more deeply excavated medially., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 77-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564

Chilella rugella DeLong & Freytag, 1967 Fig. 8 Material examined Holotype CHILE • ♀; Chile, Sin. Hem.; 1956; E.C. Reed and C.J. Drake leg.; USNM. Remarks The monotypic genus Chilella was erected by DeLong & Freytag (1967) based on a single female specimen of Chilella rugella DeLong & Freytag, 1967 from Chile. According to the authors, Chilella differs from other genera of Gyponini by the following set of characteristics: (1) crown short and broad; (2) transition crown-face rounded, without defined margin; (3) ocelli distant from eyes, located on anterior portion of crown; (4) forewing rugose, corrugated and without an appendix; and (5) foreleg with metatibia intercalary setae between macrosetae. Our study of the holotype of Chilella rugella (Fig. 8A–E) indicated that the position of the ocelli, which are located in the crown-face transition, is incongruent with the diagnoses proposed for Gyponini by DeLong (1942), Oman (1949), Linnavuori (1959), Dietrich (2005), and Krishnankutty et al. (2016). According to those authors, the ocelli in Gyponini are located on the crown, away from the anterior margin. Moreover, according to the key to the tribes of Iassinae proposed by Krishnankutty et al. (2016), Chilella rugella is classified as Selenomorphini Evans, 1974, based on the following characteristics: (1) head with crown poorly delimited, rounded to face; (2) hind wing veins R4+5 and M1+2 separated distally, not confluent at apex; and (3) body pigmentation primarily pale green or stramineous. However, morphological characteristics of C. rugella are not congruent with any genera currently included in Selenomorphini. Chilella differs from Selenomorphus Evans, 1974 and Linnavuoria Dai & Dietrich, 2015 in having the crown-face transition indistinct, whereas in the last two genera the crownface transition is distinctly angulated in profile. Also, Chilella differs from Pachyopsis Uhler, 1877 and Uhleriana Domahovski, 2019 in having the metatibiae with intercalary setae. In addition, it differs from Parapachyopsis Domahovski, 2019 in having the head narrower than the pronotum and from Scaroidana Osborn, 1938 by its smaller size (9.0 mm) and position of the ocelli mesad to the antennal pits (Fig. 8C), whereas in Scaroidana they are closer to the eyes and located above the antennal pits, in ventral view. Unfortunately, the holotype of C. rugella lost its forewings, which could have provided useful information about its relationships with other genera of Selenomorphini. However, according to DeLong & Freytag (1967), the forewings are rugose and corrugated, two features not found in any other genus of the tribe. We propose the transfer of Chilella to Selenomorphini, maintaining it as a valid genus. However, the discovery of male specimens as well as phylogenetic studies on the tribe are necessary to confirm our proposal., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 89-90, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564, {"references":["DeLong D. M. & Freytag P. H. 1967. Studies of the Gyponinae: two new genera, Chilenana and Chilella. Ohio Journal of Science 67 (2): 105 - 112.","DeLong D. M. 1942. A Monographic Study of the North American Species of the Subfamily Gyponinae (Homoptera - Cicadellidae) Exclusive of Xerophloea. Ohio State University, Columbus.","Oman P. W. 1949. The Nearctic leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). A generic classification and check list. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 253.","Linnavuori R. 1959. Revision of the Neotropical Deltocephalinae and some related subfamilies (Homoptera). Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae ' Vanamo' 20: 1 - 370.","Dietrich C. H. 2005. Keys to the families of Cicadomorpha and subfamilies and tribes of Cicadellidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Florida Entomologist 88: 502 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2005) 88 [502: KTTFOC] 2.0. CO; 2","Krishnankutty S. M., Dietrich C. H., Dai W. & Siddappaji M. H. 2016. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of leafhopper subfamily Iassinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a revised tribal classification based on morphological and molecular data. Systematic Entomology 41 (3): 580 - 595. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12175"]}

Sicrana plana gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7A4F2853-38B6-41C6-8EFD-DA2DDE7FB3CA Figs 4–5, 6G–J Diagnosis Male pygofer (Fig. 4F) with dorsal margin strongly excavated; macrosetae located on apical half, forming longitudinal row. Subgenital plate (Fig. 4F–G) ligulate, with tuft of filiform setae near apex on dorsal surface. Style (Fig. 4H–I) with apex acute, more sclerotized and curved outwards. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with dorsal apodeme with pair of long, claviform processes; shaft tubular with pair of long apical processes directed anteroventrally. Female sternite VII (Fig. 5B–C) with posterior margin with broad median lobe, rounded and emarginated medially. Etymology The species name refers to its flattened body (Fig. 6H, J). Material examined Holotype ECUADOR • ♂; Ecuador, Orellana, Transect Ent. 1 km S of Onkonegare, Reserva Etnica Waorani, Onkonegare Camp; 00°39′10″ S, 76°26′00″ W; alt. 220 m; fogging terre [sic! terra] firme forest; 2 Jul. 1995; T.L. Erwin et al. leg.; #1062; DNA voucher Entomologia, DZRJ ENT 2808; EPNC. Paratypes ECUADOR • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype but 9 Feb. 1995; #986; EPNC. BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Brasil, Rondônia, Monte Negro, Reserva Legal, Loteamento; 10°16′35″ S, 63°20′40″ W; alt. 187 m; light trap; 3–15 Dec. 2011; Amorim, Ament and Riccandi [sic! Riccardi] leg.; DZUP-083603. Description MEASUREMENTS. Total length: male 13.0– 13.7 mm (n =2); female 16.8 mm (n =1). COLORATION. Male yellow (Fig. 6G–J) without markings. Female with face (Fig. 5A) with dark band adjacent to margin of crown. HEAD AND THORAX. External morphological characters as in generic description. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 4E) subrectangular, about 1.3 times as wide as long; lateral margins parallel, posterior margin slightly rounded. Valve subrectangular, 2.3 times as wide as long; posterior margin convex. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 4F) moderately produced posteriorly, about 1.7 times as long as maximum height, without processes; dorsal margin strongly excavated; less than 10 macrosetae forming a longitudinal row, near dorsal margin of apical half; apex tapered and rounded. Subgenital plate, in lateral view (Fig. 4F), produced posteriorly as far as pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 4G), ligulate, about 3.6 times as long as wide; ventral surface covered by small setae; dorsal surface with tuft of moderately long filiform setae near apex; lateral margins divergent towards apex; apex abruptly tapered and rounded. Connective (Fig. 4H) with anterior portion membranous, posterior portion sclerotized; approximately one-seventh length of style; arms narrow, strongly divergent. Style in dorsal view (Fig. 4H) with outer lobe poorly developed; in lateral view (Fig. 4I), with margins parallel; ventral margin smooth; apex acute, more sclerotized and curved outwards. Aedeagus (Fig. 4J–K) with preatrium absent; atrium expanded posteriorly; dorsal apodeme well developed; apodemal processes claviform, extending to apex of shaft, subapical region of each process rounded and with preapical excavation dorsally; shaft elongated and tubular, curved dorsally; apex with pair of processes parallel to shaft, extending anteroventrally, half-length of shaft, each process with inner margin crenulate and apex acute. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VII (Fig. 5B–C) 2.3 times as wide as long; posterolateral angles developed and subacute; posterior margin with broad median lobe, rounded and emarginated medially. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Pygofer (Fig. 5D) elongate, about 1.5 times as long as maximum height; apex rounded; few macrosetae distributed near apex and ventral margin. First valvifer (Fig. 5E) subtriangular. First valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 5E) slightly curved dorsally; about seven times as long as high; slightly higher on median third; dorsal sculptured area beginning at basal third; apex (Fig. 5F) with dorsal and ventral sculptured areas strigate; blade apex acute. Second valvifer (Fig. 5D) higher than long. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 5G) slightly higher medially; approximately 7.5 times as long as maximum height; median third with dorsal triangular protuberance; apical portion (Fig. 5H) with large preapical tooth; blade apex tapered and acute. Gonoplac (Fig. 5D) 5.4 times as long as high; dorsoapical margin long and straight; apex rounded.

Genus Fulana gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D3D2E937-9B40-42BB-AAC4-F821B4D22CB5 Figs 2–3, 6C–F Type species Fulana brasiliensis gen. et sp. nov., by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis Medium-sized leafhoppers (Fig. 6C–F). Head in dorsal view (Fig. 2A) short, median length of crown about 2.5 times smaller than interocular width; crown transversely striated; ocellus large, closer to anterior margin of crown; in lateral view (Fig. 2C), with crown-face transition distinct and narrow, bicarinate. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) with punctures. Forewing (Fig. 2D) covered by numerous small brown spots, appendix narrow. Male pygofer (Fig. 2F–G) with inner basiventral process; lateral lobe partly separated from base by flexible membranous line. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2H) with ventral surface covered by long filiform setae. Connective (Fig. 2I) longitudinally linear. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3G–H) with few teeth restricted to apical fourth. Etymology The generic name is feminine. Fulana, together with Beltrana and Sicrana, forms a very popular expression in Brazil (“Fulana, Sicrana e Beltrana ”), which refers to unspecified people or people whose actual names should not be mentioned. Description HEAD AND THORAX. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 2A) short; median length of crown about 2.5 times smaller than interocular width; crown with anterior margin slightly sinuous; surface adjacent to ocelli slightly concave between ocellus and eye; texture transversely striated; transocular width of head six-sevenths of humeral width of pronotum; ocellus large, close to anterior margin of crown and slightly closer to eye than to median line; coronal suture distinct, extending to near anterior margin of crown. Head in ventral view (Figs 2B, 3A) with face wider than high; frontogenal suture distant from eye margin by basal width of clypeus and surpassing antennal ledge, extending to anterior margin of crown; oriented obliquely downward in relation to frons; frons approximately as wide as long, lateral margins strongly convergent ventrally; epistomal suture distinct; clypeus approximately 1.2 times as long as maximum width, lateral margins divergent apically, apex slightly emarginated; maxillary plate produced ventrally as far as clypeus apex; gena with ventrolateral margin straight on mid-length and slightly excavated below eye margin. Head in lateral view (Fig. 2C) with crown-face transition distinct and narrow, bicarinate; frons and clypeus flattened. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) with conspicuous transverse striae and punctures on disc and posterior half; lateral margins straight, convergent anterad, slightly shorter than eye length; posterior margin straight; in lateral view (Fig. 2C), moderately declivous; head and pronotum in continuous slope. Mesonotum (Fig. 2A) as long as wide; scutellum (Fig. 2C) slightly swollen. Forewing (Fig. 2D) translucent, covered by numerous small brown spots; long and narrow, approximately 3.3 times as long as wide; venation distinct; appendix very narrow and bordering first to second apical cells. Profemur with AD, AM, and PD rows reduced and poorly defined, with exception of apical setae AD1, AM1, and PD 1, respectively; AV and PV rows formed by 2–3 setae; IC row formed by slightly arched comb of fine setae, beginning at distal half of femur and extending to AM 1. Protibia in cross-section semi-circular; AV row formed by long setae, slightly longer and thicker towards apex; AD row without differentiated setae; PD row with 7–8 setae; PV row with 6–7 setae. Metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1. Metatibia PD, AD, and AV rows with 26–31, 13–14, and 16–19 macrosetae, respectively; AD row with 1– 4 intercalary setae between macrosetae; PV row with setae of apical half formed by sequence of a thicker and 2–4 thinner setae. Metatarsomere I with two rows of setae, inner row consisting of larger and more robust setae than those of outer row; apex with 6 platellae; metatarsomere II apex with 2–3 platellae. MALE TERMINALIA. Sternite VIII (Fig. 2E) long, fully hiding subgenital plates. Pygofer (Fig. 2F–G) with inner basiventral process adjacent to ventral margin; lobe partly separated from base by flexible membranous cleft. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2H) with ventral surface covered by long filiform setae. Connective (Fig. 2I) longitudinally linear. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Second valvula of ovipositor (Fig. 3G) elongated, slightly higher along apical fourth; apical portion (Fig. 3H) with dorsal margin bearing minute and uniform denticles. Distribution Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo states). Remarks An unpublished study based on 182 morphological characters combined with sequence data (28S and 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) recovered Fulana gen. nov. as the sister group to all other gyponines except Chilenana DeLong & Freytag, 1967 (Gonçalves 2016). In fact, the genera Fulana gen. nov. and Chilenana share plesiomorphic characteristics with other tribes of Iassinae, which are absent in other Gyponini genera: (1) male pygofer with lateral lobe partly separated from base by flexible membranous cleft; and (2) presence of basiventral inner process on the male pygofer. The new genus resembles Alapona DeLong, 1980, Ponana Ball, 1920, and Dumorpha DeLong & Freytag, 1975 because of its slightly anteriorly produced and transversely striated crown; ocellus closest to the anterior margin of the crown; forewing with dark spots; and metatibia with intercalary setae between macrosetae of the AD row. However, Fulana gen. nov. differs from Alapona by the lack of flaps in the aedeagus (Fig. 2K–L), from Ponana and Alapona by its thinner crown-face transition (Fig. 2C), and from Ponana and Dumorpha by its aedeagus without apodemal processes (Fig. 2K)., Published as part of Gonçalves, Clayton C., Domahovski, Alexandre C., Mejdalani, Gabriel & Takiya, Daniela M., 2021, Three new genera from South America and some taxonomic changes in Gyponini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), pp. 70-93 in European Journal of Taxonomy 750 on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1363, http://zenodo.org/record/4770564, {"references":["DeLong D. M. & Freytag P. H. 1967. Studies of the Gyponinae: two new genera, Chilenana and Chilella. Ohio Journal of Science 67 (2): 105 - 112.","Goncalves C. C. 2016. Analise filogenetica de Gyponini Stal, 1870 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae). PhD Thesis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro."]}

Genus Beltrana gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4C0DFFC6-7F48-457C-97C6-361C182A69DC Figs 1, 6A–B Type species Beltrana reticulata gen. et sp. nov., by present designation and monotypy. Diagnosis Medium-sized leafhoppers (Fig. 6A–B). Head in dorsal view (Fig. 1A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown slightly less than interocular width; in lateral view (Fig. 1C), with crown-face transition with anterior margin foliaceous and bicarinate. Forewing (Fig. 1D) with venation densely reticulated, appendix very narrow. Male pygofer (Fig. 1F) without membranous apical digitiform process. Subgenital plate (Fig. 1F, H) fully sclerotized. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. Etymology The generic name is feminine. Beltrana, together with Fulana and Sicrana, forms a very popular expression in Brazil (“Fulana, Sicrana e Beltrana ”), which refers to unspecified people or people whose actual names should not be mentioned. Description HEAD AND THORAX. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 1A) moderately produced anteriorly, median length of crown slightly less than interocular width; transocular width about six-sevenths humeral width of pronotum; crown with anterior margin broadly rounded, surface mostly flat, slightly concave medially, with subtle oblique striae between ocelli and adjacent to anterior margin; ocellus medium-sized, equidistant between median line and eye margin, closer to posterior than anterior margin of crown; coronal suture distinct only on basal portion of crown. Head in ventral view (Fig. 1B) with face slightly higher than wide; frontogenal suture distant from eye margin by slightly less than maximum width of clypeus and extending to anterior margin of crown; antennal ledge carinated and adjacent to anterior margin of crown, obliquely ascending and not extending over frons; frons approximately 1.7 times as long as wide; epistomal suture indistinct; clypeus approximately 1.3 times as long as maximum width, lateral margins parallel, apex slightly emarginated; maxillary plate produced ventrally, not reaching clypeus apex; gena excavated just below eye, ventrolateral margin slightly excavated. Head in lateral view (Fig. 1C) with crown-face transition distinct and foliaceous, with two carinae; frons concave below anterior margin of crown. Pronotum (Fig. 1A) with transverse striae on disc and posterior half; lateral margins straight, convergent anterad, and approximately as long as eye length; posterior margin excavated; in lateral view (Fig. 1C), moderately declivous, continuous with head declivity. Mesonotum (Fig. 1A) longer than wide; scutellum (Fig. 1C) flat. Forewing (Fig. 1D) hyaline, long, and narrow, approximately 3.2 times as long as maximum width; venation distinct and densely reticulated; appendix very narrow. Profemur with AD, AM, and PD rows reduced and poorly defined, with exception of apical setae AD 1, AM 1, and PD 1, respectively; AV and PV rows formed by 4–5 setae; IC row formed by slightly arched comb of fine setae, beginning at distal third of femur and extending to AM 1. Protibia, in cross-section, semi-circular; AV row formed by long setae, slightly longer and thicker towards apex; AD and PD rows without differentiated setae; PV row with 5 setae. Metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1. Metatibial AD row without intercalary setae between macrosetae; PD, AD, and AV rows with 26–28, 13–14, and 19–20 macrosetae, respectively. Metatarsomere I with outer setal row indistinct, apex with 5 platellae. Metatarsomere II apex with 4 platellae. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer (Fig. 1F) without membranous apical digitiform process. Subgenital plate (Fig. 1F, H) fully sclerotized. Connective (Fig. 1I) T-shaped. Aedeagus (Fig. 1K–L) simple, without apodemal processes. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Female unknown. Distribution French Guiana. Remarks An unpublished phylogenetic hypothesis based on 182 morphological characters combined with sequence data (28S and 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) recovered Beltrana gen. nov. as the sister group of the clade Reticana DeLong & Freytag, 1964 + Chloronana DeLong & Freytag, 1964 (Gonçalves 2016). Beltrana gen. nov. shares the following morphological characteristics with Reticana and Chloronana: (1) green coloration in life, yellow when preserved; (2) crown moderately produced anteriorly; (3) crown-face transition distinct and foliaceous; (4) forewing with venation reticulated; (5) metatibia without intercalary setae between macrosetae in AD row; (6) style short and with apical denticles; and (7) aedeagus with shaft long, thin, and with apical processes. However, Beltrana gen. nov. can easily be distinguished from Reticana and Chloronana by its more robust body (Fig. 6A); forewing more densely reticulated (Fig. 1D); male pygofer without membranous apical digitiform process (Fig. 1F); and subgenital plate fully sclerotized (Fig. 1F, H).

Balacha nigroflava sp. nov. (Figs 18 and 21–37) Length. Male holotype 5.8 mm, male paratypes damaged (n = 2), female paratypes 6.7 mm (n = 2). Head (Figs 18 and 21), in dorsal view, well produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately fourfifths of interocular width and two-fifths of transocular width; anterior margin, in dorsal view, subangulate, without carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located behind imaginary line between anterior angles of compound eyes, each ocellus closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown; coronal surface without sculpturing or setae; frontogenal suture extending onto crown to near ocellus. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, not protuberant, not carinate dorsally; in lateral view, with anterior margin almost rectilinear and vertical. Frons convex; muscle impressions distinct; epistomal suture incomplete; clypeus not protuberant, in profile continuing contour of frons superiorly and more nearly horizontal inferiorly. Thorax (Figs 18 and 21) with pronotal width less than transocular width of head; lateral margins of pronotum parallel, posterior margin emarginated; dorsolateral carina incomplete; disc with transverse striae on posterior half. Mesonotum with scutellum slightly transversely striate. Forewing coriaceous, without distinct apical membranous area; veins not elevated, distinct only on area of apical cells. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres; with two parallel rows of small setae on plantar surface. Color (Fig. 18). Dorsum dark brown to black. Antennal ledge with basal portion brown. Pronotum with broad, greenish-yellow transverse stripe. Forewing with three conspicuous greenish-yellow markings: (1) transverse transcommissural stripe on basal portion of clavus, originating at claval sulcus; (2) oblique stripe on basal half of corium, adjacent to claval sulcus and connected to claval stripe; and (3) transverse transcommissural stripe extending from costal margin to claval apex. Face, thorax including legs, and abdomen mostly dark brown to black. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 22), in lateral view, well produced posteriorly; posterior margin truncate with subacute apex; disc with macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half; without processes. Valve (Fig. 23), in ventral view, subrectangular. Subgenital plate (Fig. 23), in ventral view, elongate, distinctly narrowed at apical twothirds; apex rounded; with uniseriate macrosetae; plates separated from each other throughout their length; in lateral view, not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex. Style (Fig. 24), in dorsal view, short but extending posteriorly farther than apex of connective; with preapical lobe; apical portion digitiform and with few small setae on outer margin. Connective (Fig. 24), in dorsal view, T-shaped; stalk shorter than arms, with median keel. Paraphyses (Fig. 24) strongly reduced, bilobed apically. Aedeagus (Figs 25 and 26) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, cylindrical, slender, not curved at base through 180º; pair of slender apical processes articulated with shaft by membranous area. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 27), in ventral view, not strongly produced posteriorly; anterior margin approximately straight; posterior margin concave on each side of slight median lobe. Sternite VIII without welldefined sclerites. Pygofer (Fig. 28), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly, subtriangular; apex narrowly rounded; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half of disc and extending anteriorly along ventral margin. First valvifer (Figs 29 and 30), in lateral view, subtriangular with dorsal margin concave. First valvula (Figs 29 and 30), in lateral view, with apex acute; dorsal sculptured area extending from basal portion of blade to apex, formed by scale-like processes, mostly arranged in oblique lines; ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion of blade, formed by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device (Figs 29 and 30) longer than half blade length. Second valvula (Figs 31–36), in lateral view, slightly expanded on basal half and then tapering gradually towards obtuse apex; blade bearing approximately 16 teeth along dorsal margin, most teeth (Figs 33 and 34) subtriangular, armed with irregular denticles; teeth at basal portion (Fig. 32) small and irregular; ducts extending towards teeth and apex; preapical prominence (Fig. 36) inconspicuous. Gonoplac (Fig. 37), in lateral view, distinctly expanded on distal portion of basal half and then narrowing gradually towards rounded apex. Material examined. Southern Brazil, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states. Male holotype: “Ponta Grossa, PR [Paraná], Brasil \ P. E. [Parque Estadual] Vila Velha \ 18.IX.2011 P. Grossi leg.” (DZUP). Paratypes: one female (DZUP) and one male (MNRJ): same data as the holotype; one female: “ Brasil, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], Passo Fundo \ 28º13’40.23’’ S \ 52º24’19.97’’ W \ 18.ix.2013 Malaise \ S. Lampert leg.” (MNRJ). The two MNRJ specimens were destroyed by the fire at the Quinta da Boa Vista Palace. Etymology. The new species name, nigroflava, refers to the mostly black dorsum with large greenish-yellow markings on pronotum and forewings (Fig. 18). Remarks. The color pattern of B. nigroflava sp. nov. (Fig. 18) is similar to that of B. decorata. The new taxon can be distinguished from B. decorata, as well as from the remaining species of the genus, by the basal greenish-yellow markings on corium and clavus of forewings (the latter are distinctly larger in B. decorata) and by the aedeagus not curved at base through 180º (Fig. 25). In the phylogeny, B. nigroflava was recovered as the sister species of B. decorata based on the male pygofer with acute apex (character 28, state 1, Fig. 22). The new species is supported by two character state changes (Fig. 38): (1) aedeagus not curved at base through 180º (c. 44, s. 0, Fig. 25) and (2) apical aedeagal pair of processes articulated with shaft by membranous area (c. 54, s. 2).

Balacha similis Cavichioli & Sakakibara, 1988 Material examined. Argentina [New record], Buenos Aires Province. One male: “Reserva Natural de Otamendi \ S 34 13 39.0 W 58 53 57.0 \ 17.ii.2014 D. Takiya in Eryngium ” (MLPA).

Balacha nigroflava sp. nov. (Figs 18 and 21–37) Length. Male holotype 5.8 mm, male paratypes damaged (n = 2), female paratypes 6.7 mm (n = 2). Head (Figs 18 and 21), in dorsal view, well produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately fourfifths of interocular width and two-fifths of transocular width; anterior margin, in dorsal view, subangulate, without carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located behind imaginary line between anterior angles of compound eyes, each ocellus closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown; coronal surface without sculpturing or setae; frontogenal suture extending onto crown to near ocellus. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, not protuberant, not carinate dorsally; in lateral view, with anterior margin almost rectilinear and vertical. Frons convex; muscle impressions distinct; epistomal suture incomplete; clypeus not protuberant, in profile continuing contour of frons superiorly and more nearly horizontal inferiorly. Thorax (Figs 18 and 21) with pronotal width less than transocular width of head; lateral margins of pronotum parallel, posterior margin emarginated; dorsolateral carina incomplete; disc with transverse striae on posterior half. Mesonotum with scutellum slightly transversely striate. Forewing coriaceous, without distinct apical membranous area; veins not elevated, distinct only on area of apical cells. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres; with two parallel rows of small setae on plantar surface. Color (Fig. 18). Dorsum dark brown to black. Antennal ledge with basal portion brown. Pronotum with broad, greenish-yellow transverse stripe. Forewing with three conspicuous greenish-yellow markings: (1) transverse transcommissural stripe on basal portion of clavus, originating at claval sulcus; (2) oblique stripe on basal half of corium, adjacent to claval sulcus and connected to claval stripe; and (3) transverse transcommissural stripe extending from costal margin to claval apex. Face, thorax including legs, and abdomen mostly dark brown to black. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 22), in lateral view, well produced posteriorly; posterior margin truncate with subacute apex; disc with macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half; without processes. Valve (Fig. 23), in ventral view, subrectangular. Subgenital plate (Fig. 23), in ventral view, elongate, distinctly narrowed at apical twothirds; apex rounded; with uniseriate macrosetae; plates separated from each other throughout their length; in lateral view, not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex. Style (Fig. 24), in dorsal view, short but extending posteriorly farther than apex of connective; with preapical lobe; apical portion digitiform and with few small setae on outer margin. Connective (Fig. 24), in dorsal view, T-shaped; stalk shorter than arms, with median keel. Paraphyses (Fig. 24) strongly reduced, bilobed apically. Aedeagus (Figs 25 and 26) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, cylindrical, slender, not curved at base through 180º; pair of slender apical processes articulated with shaft by membranous area. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 27), in ventral view, not strongly produced posteriorly; anterior margin approximately straight; posterior margin concave on each side of slight median lobe. Sternite VIII without welldefined sclerites. Pygofer (Fig. 28), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly, subtriangular; apex narrowly rounded; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half of disc and extending anteriorly along ventral margin. First valvifer (Figs 29 and 30), in lateral view, subtriangular with dorsal margin concave. First valvula (Figs 29 and 30), in lateral view, with apex acute; dorsal sculptured area extending from basal portion of blade to apex, formed by scale-like processes, mostly arranged in oblique lines; ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion of blade, formed by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device (Figs 29 and 30) longer than half blade length. Second valvula (Figs 31–36), in lateral view, slightly expanded on basal half and then tapering gradually towards obtuse apex; blade bearing approximately 16 teeth along dorsal margin, most teeth (Figs 33 and 34) subtriangular, armed with irregular denticles; teeth at basal portion (Fig. 32) small and irregular; ducts extending towards teeth and apex; preapical prominence (Fig. 36) inconspicuous. Gonoplac (Fig. 37), in lateral view, distinctly expanded on distal portion of basal half and then narrowing gradually towards rounded apex. Material examined. Southern Brazil, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states. Male holotype: “Ponta Grossa, PR [Paraná], Brasil \ P. E. [Parque Estadual] Vila Velha \ 18.IX.2011 P. Grossi leg.” (DZUP). Paratypes: one female (DZUP) and one male (MNRJ): same data as the holotype; one female: “ Brasil, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], Passo Fundo \ 28º13’40.23’’ S \ 52º24’19.97’’ W \ 18.ix.2013 Malaise \ S. Lampert leg.” (MNRJ). The two MNRJ specimens were destroyed by the fire at the Quinta da Boa Vista Palace. Etymology. The new species name, nigroflava, refers to the mostly black dorsum with large greenish-yellow markings on pronotum and forewings (Fig. 18). Remarks. The color pattern of B. nigroflava sp. nov. (Fig. 18) is similar to that of B. decorata. The new taxon can be distinguished from B. decorata, as well as from the remaining species of the genus, by the basal greenish-yellow markings on corium and clavus of forewings (the latter are distinctly larger in B. decorata) and by the aedeagus not curved at base through 180º (Fig. 25). In the phylogeny, B. nigroflava was recovered as the sister species of B. decorata based on the male pygofer with acute apex (character 28, state 1, Fig. 22). The new species is supported by two character state changes (Fig. 38): (1) aedeagus not curved at base through 180º (c. 44, s. 0, Fig. 25) and (2) apical aedeagal pair of processes articulated with shaft by membranous area (c. 54, s. 2)., Published as part of Quintas, Victor, Takiya, Daniela M., Cavichioli, Rodney R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2020, Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography, pp. 542-558 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on pages 548-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4425444, {"references":["Cavichioli, R. R. & Sakakibara, A. M. (1988) Especies brasileiras de Balacha Melichar, 1926 (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 32, 279 - 291.","Wilson, M. R., Turner, J. A. & McKamey, S. H. (2009) Sharpshooter leafhoppers of the world (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae subfamily Cicadellinae). National Museum Wales. Available from: http: // naturalhistory. museumwales. ac. uk / sharpshooters / home. php (accessed 28 March 2019)"]}

Balacha rubripennis Cavichioli & Sakakibara, 1988 (Fig. 19) Notes. We have studied Argentinian specimens that have a color pattern similar to B. lepida, but their male terminalia indicate that they belong in B. rubripennis. These specimens have the ground color of the anterior dorsum (head and pronotum) orange to red with dark brown to black markings as follows: anterior margin of crown with two large spots; posterior margin of crown with pair of maculae extending to ocelli; broad macula over coronal suture; anterior margin of pronotum with two large spots, posterior margin with broad transverse macula connected to median stripe, the latter linked laterally to anterior pair of spots; pronotum with smaller macula behind each compound eye and extending to posterior margin. Mesonotum almost entirely dark brown to black, delimiting pair of oblique orange to red areas. Forewing mostly dark orange to red, without spots. Material examined. Argentina [New record], Buenos Aires Province. One male: “Reserva Natural de Otamendi \ S 34 13 39.0 W 58 53 57.0 \ 12.ii.2014 sweep Dietrich, \ Takiya, Gonçalves & Camisão” (MLPA); three males: same data as preceding except “ S 34 13 53.0 W 58 53 42.0 \ 12.ii.2014 YPT Dietrich, Takiya, Gonçalves & Camisão” (two males in MLPA, one male in DZRJ); one male: same data as preceding except “ S 34 13 39.0 W 58 53 57.0 17.ii.2014 sweep Camisão” (MNRJ); one male, same data as preceding except “ 12–14.ii.2014 Malaise Dietrich, \ Takiya, Gonçalves & Camisão” (DZRJ)., Published as part of Quintas, Victor, Takiya, Daniela M., Cavichioli, Rodney R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2020, Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography, pp. 542-558 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on page 552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4425444, {"references":["Cavichioli, R. R. & Sakakibara, A. M. (1988) Especies brasileiras de Balacha Melichar, 1926 (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 32, 279 - 291."]}

Balacha ancora sp. nov. (Figs 1���17 and 20) Length. Male holotype: 5.2 mm, male paratypes 4.8���5.5 mm (n = 14), female paratypes 5.4���5.5 mm (n = 5). Head (Figs 1 and 17), in dorsal view, well produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately threefifths of interocular width and two-fifths of transocular width; anterior margin subangulate, without carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located slightly before imaginary line between anterior angles of compound eyes, each ocellus slightly closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown; coronal surface without sculpturing or setae; frontogenal suture extending onto crown to near ocellus. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, not protuberant, not carinate dorsally; in lateral view, with anterior margin almost rectilinear and vertical. Frons convex, muscle impressions distinct; epistomal suture incomplete; clypeus not protuberant, in profile continuing contour of frons superiorly and more nearly horizontal inferiorly. Thorax (Figs 1 and 17) with pronotal width less than transocular width of head; lateral margins of pronotum parallel, posterior margin slightly emarginated; dorsolateral carina incomplete; disc with fine transverse striae on posterior half. Mesonotum with scutellum slightly transversely striate. Forewing coriaceous, without distinct apical membranous area; veins not elevated, distinct only at area of apical cells. Hind wing with vein R2+3 incomplete. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:0; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres; with two parallel rows of small setae on plantar surface. Color (Figs 17 and 20). Dorsum dark brown to black. Crown with irregular reddish-brown marks on antennal ledges, frontogenal sutures, and area behind ocelli. Forewing with three conspicuous bluish-white markings: (1) transverse stripe on basal portion of clavus extending from claval sulcus to inner margin at area of scutellum apex; (2) spot on basal third of corium adjacent to claval sulcus; and (3) transverse stripe on corium from costal margin to apex of clavus. Face, thorax including legs, and abdomen mostly dark brown to black; lorum and adjacent portions of clypeus and frons with reddish-brown area. Some specimens collected in Serra do Cip�� (Minas Gerais State) have more extensive reddish-brown areas on crown and face. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 2), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; disc with few macrosetae on posterior two-thirds; without processes. Valve, in ventral view, short, subrectangular. Subgenital plate (Fig. 3), in ventral view, short and broad, strongly narrowed only on apical third, apex obtuse; with curved row of few macrosetae located near outer margin; plates separated from each other throughout their length; in lateral view, not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex. Style (Figs 3 and 4), in dorsal view, slender, elongate, extending posteriorly much farther than apex of connective; apophysis digitiform, curved outwards, without preapical lobe. Connective (Figs 3 and 4), in dorsal view, T-shaped; stalk longer than arms, with median keel. Paraphyses (Fig. 5) symmetrical; in dorsal view, elongate, anchor-shaped.Aedeagus (Fig. 6) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, cylindrical, slender, elongate, not curved at base through 180��, curved ventrally on basal half; without processes or longitudinal rows of small cuticular dentiform processes; gonopore located apically. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 7), in ventral view, not very produced posteriorly; anterior margin approximately straight; posterior margin with lateral portions oblique and median area narrowly concave. Sternite VIII without well-defined sclerites. Pygofer (Fig. 8), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; subtriangular; apex rounded; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half of disc and extending anteriorly along ventral margin. First valvifer (Fig. 9), in lateral view, guttiform. First valvula (Figs 9���11), in lateral view, with apex acute; dorsal sculptured area (Fig. 10) extending from basal portion of blade to apex, formed by scale-like processes, mostly arranged in oblique lines; ventral sculptured area (Fig. 11) restricted to apical portion of blade, formed by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device (Fig. 9) less than half blade length. Second valvula (Figs 12���15), in lateral view, broadened on basal and median third, tapering gradually towards obtuse apex; blade bearing approximately 18 teeth along dorsal margin, most teeth (Fig. 14) subtriangular, armed with irregular denticles; ducts extending towards teeth and apex; preapical prominence (Fig. 15) inconspicuous. Gonoplac (Fig. 16), in lateral view, distinctly expanded on distal portion of basal half and then narrowing gradually towards rounded apex. Material examined. Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State. Male holotype: ��� BR / MG [Minas Gerais]���Morro do Pilar, P.N. [Parque Nacional] \ Serra do Cip��, Trilha para o \ Rio Salitreiro \ 19��20���56,8������S 43��37���49,8������W \ 20/XI/2018 763 m \ Andr�� L. D. Ferreira col.��� (DZRJ). Paratypes: eleven males and five females: same data as the holotype (DZRJ, one couple in DZUP and one couple in MNRJ); three males: ��� BR /MG���Catas Altas \ Pico do Sol [2,072 m a.s.l.], Cara��a \ 12/VI/2013 \ [M. L.] Monn�� & [J. P.] Botero cols.��� (specimens destroyed by the fire at MNRJ). Biological notes. Specimens from Serra do Cip�� (Fig. 20) were collected on Actinocephalus polyanthus (Bong.) Sano (Eriocaulaceae). This is the first record of a Balacha species that is not associated with Eryngium (Apiaceae). Etymology. The new species name, ancora, refers to the anchor-shaped paraphyses (Fig. 5). Remarks. The color pattern of B. ancora sp. nov. (Figs 17 and 20) is similar to that of B. similis. The new species can be easily distinguished from B. similis, as well as from the other species of the genus, by the male terminalia with the subgenital plates short and broad (Fig. 3), paraphyses anchor-shaped (Fig. 5), and aedeagus not curved at base through 180��, its shaft slightly curved ventrally on basal half and without apical processes (Fig. 6). In our phylogenetic analysis, B. ancora appeared as the second terminal to diverge from the black Balacha clade (sensu Takiya & Mejdalani 2004) and was supported by four character state changes (Fig. 38): (1) macrosetae of subgenital plates longer than one-half plate basal width (character 32, state 1); (2) aedeagus not curved at base through 180�� (c. 44, s. 0, Fig. 6); (3) elongate basidorsal apodemes of the aedeagus (c. 45, s. 1, Fig. 6); and (4) absence of processes on apex of aedeagus (c. 53, s. 0, Fig. 6)., Published as part of Quintas, Victor, Takiya, Daniela M., Cavichioli, Rodney R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2020, Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography, pp. 542-558 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on pages 544-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4425444, {"references":["Takiya, D. M. & Mejdalani, G. (2004) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the sharpshooter genus Balacha Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini). Systematic Entomology, 29, 69 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2004.00231. x"]}

Balacha ancora sp. nov. (Figs 1–17 and 20) Length. Male holotype: 5.2 mm, male paratypes 4.8–5.5 mm (n = 14), female paratypes 5.4–5.5 mm (n = 5). Head (Figs 1 and 17), in dorsal view, well produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately threefifths of interocular width and two-fifths of transocular width; anterior margin subangulate, without carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located slightly before imaginary line between anterior angles of compound eyes, each ocellus slightly closer to adjacent anterior eye angle than to median line of crown; coronal surface without sculpturing or setae; frontogenal suture extending onto crown to near ocellus. Antennal ledge, in dorsal view, not protuberant, not carinate dorsally; in lateral view, with anterior margin almost rectilinear and vertical. Frons convex, muscle impressions distinct; epistomal suture incomplete; clypeus not protuberant, in profile continuing contour of frons superiorly and more nearly horizontal inferiorly. Thorax (Figs 1 and 17) with pronotal width less than transocular width of head; lateral margins of pronotum parallel, posterior margin slightly emarginated; dorsolateral carina incomplete; disc with fine transverse striae on posterior half. Mesonotum with scutellum slightly transversely striate. Forewing coriaceous, without distinct apical membranous area; veins not elevated, distinct only at area of apical cells. Hind wing with vein R2+3 incomplete. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:1:0; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of two more distal tarsomeres; with two parallel rows of small setae on plantar surface. Color (Figs 17 and 20). Dorsum dark brown to black. Crown with irregular reddish-brown marks on antennal ledges, frontogenal sutures, and area behind ocelli. Forewing with three conspicuous bluish-white markings: (1) transverse stripe on basal portion of clavus extending from claval sulcus to inner margin at area of scutellum apex; (2) spot on basal third of corium adjacent to claval sulcus; and (3) transverse stripe on corium from costal margin to apex of clavus. Face, thorax including legs, and abdomen mostly dark brown to black; lorum and adjacent portions of clypeus and frons with reddish-brown area. Some specimens collected in Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais State) have more extensive reddish-brown areas on crown and face. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 2), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded; disc with few macrosetae on posterior two-thirds; without processes. Valve, in ventral view, short, subrectangular. Subgenital plate (Fig. 3), in ventral view, short and broad, strongly narrowed only on apical third, apex obtuse; with curved row of few macrosetae located near outer margin; plates separated from each other throughout their length; in lateral view, not extending posteriorly as far as pygofer apex. Style (Figs 3 and 4), in dorsal view, slender, elongate, extending posteriorly much farther than apex of connective; apophysis digitiform, curved outwards, without preapical lobe. Connective (Figs 3 and 4), in dorsal view, T-shaped; stalk longer than arms, with median keel. Paraphyses (Fig. 5) symmetrical; in dorsal view, elongate, anchor-shaped.Aedeagus (Fig. 6) symmetrical; shaft, in lateral view, cylindrical, slender, elongate, not curved at base through 180º, curved ventrally on basal half; without processes or longitudinal rows of small cuticular dentiform processes; gonopore located apically. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 7), in ventral view, not very produced posteriorly; anterior margin approximately straight; posterior margin with lateral portions oblique and median area narrowly concave. Sternite VIII without well-defined sclerites. Pygofer (Fig. 8), in lateral view, moderately produced posteriorly; subtriangular; apex rounded; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half of disc and extending anteriorly along ventral margin. First valvifer (Fig. 9), in lateral view, guttiform. First valvula (Figs 9–11), in lateral view, with apex acute; dorsal sculptured area (Fig. 10) extending from basal portion of blade to apex, formed by scale-like processes, mostly arranged in oblique lines; ventral sculptured area (Fig. 11) restricted to apical portion of blade, formed by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device (Fig. 9) less than half blade length. Second valvula (Figs 12–15), in lateral view, broadened on basal and median third, tapering gradually towards obtuse apex; blade bearing approximately 18 teeth along dorsal margin, most teeth (Fig. 14) subtriangular, armed with irregular denticles; ducts extending towards teeth and apex; preapical prominence (Fig. 15) inconspicuous. Gonoplac (Fig. 16), in lateral view, distinctly expanded on distal portion of basal half and then narrowing gradually towards rounded apex. Material examined. Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State. Male holotype: “ BR / MG [Minas Gerais]—Morro do Pilar, P.N. [Parque Nacional] \ Serra do Cipó, Trilha para o \ Rio Salitreiro \ 19°20’56,8’’S 43°37’49,8’’W \ 20/XI/2018 763 m \ André L. D. Ferreira col.” (DZRJ). Paratypes: eleven males and five females: same data as the holotype (DZRJ, one couple in DZUP and one couple in MNRJ); three males: “ BR /MG—Catas Altas \ Pico do Sol [2,072 m a.s.l.], Caraça \ 12/VI/2013 \ [M. L.] Monné & [J. P.] Botero cols.” (specimens destroyed by the fire at MNRJ). Biological notes. Specimens from Serra do Cipó (Fig. 20) were collected on Actinocephalus polyanthus (Bong.) Sano (Eriocaulaceae). This is the first record of a Balacha species that is not associated with Eryngium (Apiaceae). Etymology. The new species name, ancora, refers to the anchor-shaped paraphyses (Fig. 5). Remarks. The color pattern of B. ancora sp. nov. (Figs 17 and 20) is similar to that of B. similis. The new species can be easily distinguished from B. similis, as well as from the other species of the genus, by the male terminalia with the subgenital plates short and broad (Fig. 3), paraphyses anchor-shaped (Fig. 5), and aedeagus not curved at base through 180º, its shaft slightly curved ventrally on basal half and without apical processes (Fig. 6). In our phylogenetic analysis, B. ancora appeared as the second terminal to diverge from the black Balacha clade (sensu Takiya & Mejdalani 2004) and was supported by four character state changes (Fig. 38): (1) macrosetae of subgenital plates longer than one-half plate basal width (character 32, state 1); (2) aedeagus not curved at base through 180º (c. 44, s. 0, Fig. 6); (3) elongate basidorsal apodemes of the aedeagus (c. 45, s. 1, Fig. 6); and (4) absence of processes on apex of aedeagus (c. 53, s. 0, Fig. 6).

Balacha decorata Cavichioli & Sakakibara, 1988 Material examined. Brazil, Santa Catarina State [New record]. Two males: “ Brasil: Santa Catarina \ BR-116 SC 20.XII.2009 \ -50.7206 -28.1974 \ R. R. Cavichioli leg” (DZUP)., Published as part of Quintas, Victor, Takiya, Daniela M., Cavichioli, Rodney R. & Mejdalani, Gabriel, 2020, Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography, pp. 542-558 in Zootaxa 4878 (3) on page 553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4425444, {"references":["Cavichioli, R. R. & Sakakibara, A. M. (1988) Especies brasileiras de Balacha Melichar, 1926 (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 32, 279 - 291."]}