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Adequate management of the triple constraints that majorly affect infrastructure project is at the forefront of all the variables that determine success and failure. Organisation must handle with care the triple constraints to achieve success in their projects from initiation to commissioning. Subsequently, failure to maintain balance in dealing with the constraints will not only result in delays but can immensely contribute to failure of the project. Preliminary investigation revealed that many projects have collapsed and some abandoned in the Eastern cape in South Africa due to managers inability to manage these variables. This study sought to establish the reciprocal effects of the triple constraints on infrastructure projects. The qualitative research method was used by the researchers. The study circumvents on three (3) distinct infrastructure projects in the in land of Eastern cape, Purposive sampling was used and interviews schedule was employed to collect data from the selected sample. The findings revealed that triple constraints (costs, time, and scope) as the main pillar of any projects, are pivotal in determining project success and must be heeded, studied, and managed aptly during planning and implementation phase of a project. Failure to pertinently maintain equilibrium in this regards can lead to failure in projects, even if other segments are on the highest standing. In a nutshell, the project team must comprehend and control these constraints to avoid/minimise misfortunes.

Conflict is an unavoidable human phenomenon as where there is interaction there is a possibility of conflict arising. Conflicts are neither wholly constructive nor entirely disparaging, but the ways they are managed make them either beneficial or detrimental. Schools, like other workplaces, are not immune to conflicts. The goal of this exploratory work was to look at the elements that contribute to teacher conflict in selected secondary schools in an Eastern Cape educational province in South Africa. The researcher employed an interpretivist technique. An interview was conducted to collect data from ten teachers and five principals who were sampled for the study. The findings of this study demonstrate that conflicts are caused by unhealthy and unmanaged competition, poor communication in the schools amongst the teachers and school management teams, teacher workload and the leadership styles of principals. Finally, a synopsis of recommendations was made to assist the policy makers, departmental officials, the school Governing Bodies (SGBs) together with the School Management Teams (SMTs), principals, teachers, and parents in the proper management of conflict in secondary schools.

The system of governance in South Africa is a concerning issue characterized by poor accountability, lack of transparency, and lack of public participation. After observations, it is crucial in this fourth industrial revolution to assess the role of mass media in promoting good governance, which leads to proper accountability, public participation, and transparency. The main aim of this study is to explore the importance of mass media in promoting good governance. The focus of the study was on eight (8) wards in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality. The existing literature related to this topic was reviewed by the researchers on mass media and good governance, with the foundation of Media Ecology Theory (MET) introduced by Marshall McLuhan. Briefly mass media plays a role of exposing government failure, promote accountability, provide proper communication and government success, while providing people with information about maladministration, corruption, and public scandals. A cluster sampling method was used to select the respondents which made total of sixty (60) respondents. The population is made up of adults and children from community and municipality. The study adopted mixed method approach to gather data and analyze data. Quantitative (questionnaires) were conducted to fifty (50) community members and qualitative (in-depth interviews) with ten (10) municipal officials. RStudio software was used for quantitative data presented in graphs and for qualitative data word cloud was utilized. The finding revealed that majority of the participants agreed that mass media promotes good governance, and a few disagree. The study recommends that Mass media should provide conducive space for masses to enable participate in governance issues. Media publication at grassroot level should also focus on fighting corruption, lack of good governance, and improve consultation of public in formulation policy the study.

Due to the general unique nature of projects, they are prone to deviations and unforeseen disruptions that can jeopardize development and completion on schedule. During the global proclamation of total or partial lockdown following the peak of Covid 19 crisis in 2020, transportation of products and persons has been limited, resulting in the entire suspension or delay of projects across the O.R. Tambo District like several districts across South Africa. This research examines the factors for infrastructure project success in the face of crises in the South Africa's Eastern Cape area. The study used closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires in line with the Pragmatic paradigm. The sample includes 205 participants who took part in various projects in the O.R Tambo district Eastern Cape area. SPSS was used to analyse the data. The findings of this study shed light on factors that can help assure project success in accordance with established theoretical frameworks, and how implementing these can help managers limit time and expense overruns, among other restrictions. Finally, the study suggests that project managers may boost team motivation by providing appropriate supervision, training, and rewarding hard effort.