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Fuenzalida-ArayaK, Karen, K, Felipe González-Aguayo, K, Lucila Moreno, Landaeta-AquevequeK, Carlos, SantodomingoK, Adriana, FuenteK, Carolina Silva-de la, González-Acuña, Daniel (2022): New records of Gigantolaelaps wolffsohni (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) in Chile, an ectoparasite of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae): ecological aspects and relation to body size and sex of their host. Acarologia 62 (4): 965-973, DOI: 10.24349/nze0-ju8m, URL: https://www1.montpellier.inrae.fr/CBGP/acarologia/article.php?id=4556

Dewuacarus lemuensis Silva ���de la Fuente sp. nov. (Figs. 1���2). Diagnosis. SIF = 7 BS-N- 3111.12110; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/B/BBB; fSc: AL> PL> PPL> AM; Ip = 1260���1280; DS = 58; VS = 70. Standard measurements of holotype: AW 104, PW 130, PPW 95, SB 39, ASB 56, PSB 39, SD 95, AP 47, AM missing in holotype, AL 105, PL 91, PPL 86, S 97, H 88, D min 58, D max 91, V min 41, V max 69, pa 420, pm 410, pp 450. Others measurements are given in Table 1. Description LARVA (holotype; 4 paratypes). GNATHOSOMA. Porous; palpal setal formula B/B/BBB 7 B.S; palpal claw three���pronged; galeala nude; cheliceral blade tricuspid, with tiny tooth at base. IDIOSOMA. Cuticle striate except on scutum and coxae. Eyes 2 / 2 on ocular plate. Dorsum with 56 idiosomal setae, arranged in irregular rows; 1 pair of humeral setae (2 H). Venter with 66 idiosomal setae (38 preanal and 28 postanal) and 2 pairs of sternal setae. All idiosomal setae heavily barbed. SCUTUM. Porous; moderately rectangular; anterior margin slightly concave; lateral margins straight; posterior margin convex; 7 setae on scutum; AL base anterior to level of AM base; PL and PPL base posterior SB; AL> PL> PPL> AM; sensilla flagelliform, with slight distal branches; PW/SD = 1.51. LEGS. All 7 -segmented, with 1 pair of claws and without empodium. Leg I: coxa with 1 branched seta (1 B); trochanter 1 B; basifemur 1 B; telofemur 5 B; genu 4 B, genuala and microgenuala; tibia 8 B, 2 tibialae and microtibiala; tarsus 21 B, tarsala, microtarsala proximal to tarsala, subterminala, parasubterminala and pretarsala present. Leg II: coxa 1 B; trochanter 1 B; basifemur 2 B; telofemur 4 B; genu 3 B, genuala, without microgenuala; tibia 6 B, 2 tibialae, without microtibiala; tarsus 16 B, tarsala present, microtarsala proximal to tarsala, pretarsala present, without subterminala and parasubterminala. Leg III: coxa 1 B; trocanter 1 B; basifemur 2 B; telofemur 3 B, without mastifemorala; genu 3 B, genuala; tibia 5 B, tibiala and mastitibiala; tarsus 14 B, 2 mastitarsalae. 2 claws present, without empodium on all legs. All measurements are given in Table 1. Remarks. The new genus Dewuacarus differs from Hoffmannina and Kaaia in lacking empodia on all legs, with only 1 genuala on leg I; 2 mastitarsalae and 1 mastitibiala on leg III., Published as part of Fuente, Mar��a Carolina Silva-De La, Casanueva, Mar��a Eugenia, Salas, Lucila Moreno & Gonz��lez-Acu��a, Daniel, 2016, A new genus and species of chigger mite (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) from Loxodontomys pikumche (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Chile, pp. 426-430 in Zootaxa 4092 (3) on pages 427-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/240028

Genus Dewuacarus Silva-de la Fuente, gen. nov. Type species. Dewuacarus lemuensis Silva-de la Fuente sp. nov. Diagnosis. LARVA. GNATHOSOMA. Cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap; galeala nude; palpal tarsus 7 B.S; palpal claw 3 pronged. SCUTUM. Wider than long, with convex posterior margin, anterior margin concave, 7 scutal setae; sensillae flagelliform, slightly branched. Eyes 2 / 2 on ocular plate. 1 pair humeral setae (2 H). LEGS. Coxae unisetose; all with 7 segments, ending in 2 claws without empodium, onychotriches absent; with 1 genuala I, genuala II and III present; tibiala I and II present, tibiala III present, with mastitibiala; tarsala I and II, microtarsala I and II, pretarsala I and II, subterminala and parasubterminala I, 2 mastitarsalae, other setae branched. Differential diagnosis (larva). Dewuacarus is similar to Hoffmannina and Kaaia in the number of scutal setae (7), shape of the scutum which is wider than long, with convex posterior margin and concave anterior margin. Dewuacarus and Hoffmannina are identical in the chaetome of palpal tarsus (7 B.S). However, Dewuacarus differs from Hoffmannina by the following characters: palpal claw trifurcated; only 1 pair humeral seta; legs ending in two claws without empodium, with 1 genuala I, leg III with mastitibiala and 2 mastitarsalae. Larval Hoffmannina have palpal claw one-, bi- or trifurcated; legs ending in 2 claws with empodium, 2 or 3 pairs of humeral setae; 2 or 3 genualae I; without mastitibiala on leg III and with 1 mastitarsala III. Kaaia differs from Dewuacarus by the following characters: palpal claw simple; palpal tarsus 6 B.S; at least 2 pairs of humerals; legs ending in 2 claws with empodium, with 2 genualae I, without mastitibiala and mastitarsala on leg III. Hosts. Loxodontomys pikumche (Spotorno et al.) (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Type material. HOLOTYPE larva (MZUC 43399) and 4 paratypes (MZUC 43400; CDCP 120���122) collected from Loxodontomys pikumche (Spotorno et al.) (Rodentia: Cricetidae), CHILE: Maule Regi��n, Altos de Lircay National Reserve, Talca, 35 �� 36 ' 07'' S; 70 �� 56 ' 49 '' W, August 2015, Coll. Silva���de la Fuente, Moreno and Gonz��lez���Acu��a. Etymology. The genus name Dewuacarus refers to fieldmouse (Dew��) in Mapudungun. The specific name lemuensis refers to forest (Lemu) in Mapudungun. Mapudungun is the language of the Mapuche, one of the original peoples of Chile., Published as part of Fuente, Mar��a Carolina Silva-De La, Casanueva, Mar��a Eugenia, Salas, Lucila Moreno & Gonz��lez-Acu��a, Daniel, 2016, A new genus and species of chigger mite (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) from Loxodontomys pikumche (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Chile, pp. 426-430 in Zootaxa 4092 (3) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/240028

Genus Dewuacarus Silva-de la Fuente, gen. nov. Type species. Dewuacarus lemuensis Silva-de la Fuente sp. nov. Diagnosis. LARVA. GNATHOSOMA. Cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap; galeala nude; palpal tarsus 7 B.S; palpal claw 3 pronged. SCUTUM. Wider than long, with convex posterior margin, anterior margin concave, 7 scutal setae; sensillae flagelliform, slightly branched. Eyes 2 / 2 on ocular plate. 1 pair humeral setae (2 H). LEGS. Coxae unisetose; all with 7 segments, ending in 2 claws without empodium, onychotriches absent; with 1 genuala I, genuala II and III present; tibiala I and II present, tibiala III present, with mastitibiala; tarsala I and II, microtarsala I and II, pretarsala I and II, subterminala and parasubterminala I, 2 mastitarsalae, other setae branched. Differential diagnosis (larva). Dewuacarus is similar to Hoffmannina and Kaaia in the number of scutal setae (7), shape of the scutum which is wider than long, with convex posterior margin and concave anterior margin. Dewuacarus and Hoffmannina are identical in the chaetome of palpal tarsus (7 B.S). However, Dewuacarus differs from Hoffmannina by the following characters: palpal claw trifurcated; only 1 pair humeral seta; legs ending in two claws without empodium, with 1 genuala I, leg III with mastitibiala and 2 mastitarsalae. Larval Hoffmannina have palpal claw one-, bi- or trifurcated; legs ending in 2 claws with empodium, 2 or 3 pairs of humeral setae; 2 or 3 genualae I; without mastitibiala on leg III and with 1 mastitarsala III. Kaaia differs from Dewuacarus by the following characters: palpal claw simple; palpal tarsus 6 B.S; at least 2 pairs of humerals; legs ending in 2 claws with empodium, with 2 genualae I, without mastitibiala and mastitarsala on leg III. Hosts. Loxodontomys pikumche (Spotorno et al.) (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Type material. HOLOTYPE larva (MZUC 43399) and 4 paratypes (MZUC 43400; CDCP 120–122) collected from Loxodontomys pikumche (Spotorno et al.) (Rodentia: Cricetidae), CHILE: Maule Región, Altos de Lircay National Reserve, Talca, 35 ° 36 ' 07'' S; 70 ° 56 ' 49 '' W, August 2015, Coll. Silva–de la Fuente, Moreno and González–Acuña. Etymology. The genus name Dewuacarus refers to fieldmouse (Dewü) in Mapudungun. The specific name lemuensis refers to forest (Lemu) in Mapudungun. Mapudungun is the language of the Mapuche, one of the original peoples of Chile.

Callopistiella atacamensis Silva-de la Fuente, Casanueva and Moreno sp. nov. (Figs. 1���7) Description. FEMALE (holotype; 16 paratypes): Gnathosoma (Figs. 1 A���B, 2 D): Ventral subcapitulum with seta n thin and branched; seta el absent. Palps robust and 2 / 3 shorter than hypostome; femora, genua and tibiae clearly wider than long; femora and genua with pectinate seta d, seta of femur 2 times longer than genual seta; tibia with pectinate seta l���T and seta v nude. Palpal tarsus small and rounded (Fig. 1 A), tibial claw long, robust and curved. Palp tarsus with �� and 6 short setae, 3 pectinate, 3 very slightly pectinate. Peritremes short. Hypostome (Fig. 1 A��� B): simple, membranous vellum and rostral flange absent. Idiosoma (Fig. 2 A���B): cuticle striate except on prodorsal shield and coxae; moderate hypertrichy on genital area. Dorsum (Fig. 2 A) with setae vi, ve, sci, sce, c 1, c 2, d 1, d 2, e 1, e 2, f 1, h 1, h 2 and ps 1-3). Setae vi situated on prodorsal shield, sce situated near eyes. All setae pectinated except extensively pectinate setae h 1, h 2, ps 1���3; apices of all setae reaching level of next transversal setal row. Prodorsal shield shaped as inverted triangle, slightly concave anterior and rounded posterior. Setae vi and ve close to one another (Fig. 2 C); Cupules ip and ih not visible; c 3 absent. Venter (Fig. 2 B). Setae 1 a, 2 a and 3 a barbed and thin, 1 b, 2 b, 2 c 3 b, 3 c, 3 d and 4 b pectinate and thin (Fig. 1 C���D). Setae ag 1, ag 2 and ag 3 pectinate, setae g 1 extensively pectinate; moderate hypertrichy present around genital area with 10 additional pairs of extensively pectinate. Legs (Fig. 2 E): Trochanters I���IV with setiform, long and pectinate seta v���. Femora I���II with setiform and pectinate setae v���, l���, v", l", d and pv, setae l���, d and v��� of femora III���IV setiform. Genua I���II with robust and pectinate setae v���, l���, v������ and l", seta d setiform, long and slightly pectinate, genua III���IV with setae v��� and l��� robust and pectinate, seta d setiform, long and slightly pectinate. Tibiae I���IV with robust setae v���, l���, v" and l", seta d setiform, long and pectinate. Tarsi I with setae tc���, tc" simple and long; p���, p" feather-like and small; it���, it" simple as short eupathidia; a���, a������ long and simple eupathidia; u���, u" pectinate and short; vs���, vs" and pl pectinate and very long; seta ft nude, long and associated with solenidion �� 2. Tarsi II���III with setae tc���, tc", vs���, vs" pectinate and very long; p���, p" pectinate and short; a���, a" feather-like and small; u���, u" pectinate and short; solenidion �� near to setae pair tc. Tarsi IV same as Tarsi II���III except without solenidion ��. Legs I���IV setal formula (+solenidion): trochanter 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, femur 6 - 6 - 3 - 3, genu 5 - 5 - 3 - 3, tibia 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 and tarsus 15 (��)- 11 (��) 11 (��)- 10. Measurements. HOLOTYPE female (range of holotype and 16 paratypes). Idiosoma length (gnathosoma excluded): 850 (800���1100), idiosoma maximum width: 670 (660���900), prodorsal shield length: 100 (90���100), prodorsal shield width (at anterior margin): 100 (all 100); width between setal pair vi on prodorsal shield: 80 (60��� 90), width between setal pair ve on prodorsal shield: 100 (100���150), width between setal pair sci on prodorsal shield: 100 (80���100), setal lengths: vi 100 (100���160), ve 160 (100���170), sci 160 (100���190); sce (ocular setae): 170 (100���190); leg lengths (excluding coxa and ambulacrum): leg I 470 (470���600), leg II 490 (370���570), leg III 600 (460���600), leg IV 680 (640���800); solenidion �� 2 of tarsus I length: 16 (16���27), ft (companion seta of solenidion �� 2 of tarsus I) length: 30 (30���50), solenidion �� of tarsus II length: 8 (8���10), solenidion �� of tarsus III length: 8 (8��� 10); gnathosoma length: 180 (170���200), base of gnathosoma width: 180 (170���200), subcapitular setae n length: 58 (52���75), chelicerae length: 150 (100���180), chelicerae width: 30 (30���47), palp length 100 (all 100), palp width 50 (50���80), palp-claw length: 16 (10���20), peritreme length (complete): 47 (40���69). MALE (3 paratypes). Gnathosoma (Fig. 3 A): Subcapitulum with seta n pectinate and without el; palpal tibia with slightly barbed seta v and palpal tarsus small and rounded with �� and 6 setae, 1 nude and 5 pectinate. Tibial claw robust and curved. Idiosoma (Fig. 3 - B; 4 A���B): Cuticle highly striated, coxae robust; heavy chitinized coxae. Setae sce and c 2 present. Dorsal shield pentagonal (Fig. 3 B; 4 C), with concave anterior margin, with setae ve, vi and sci. Setae ve and vi close to one another. Coxal setae 1 b, 2 b, 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, 4 a and ag genital setae ag 1 very thin and slightly barbed. Dorsal setae c 3, coxal setae 4 c and genital setae g 1 absent. Setae h 1 and h 2 pectinate. Setae ps 1 short, thick and spine-like; ps 2 ���ps 3 nude; setae f 2 very close to ps 3 (Fig. 3 D). Cupules ip and ih not visible; without hypertrichy on genital area. Legs (Fig. 3 C; 4 D) as in female, except for femora I���II without seta v������ and l������; tibia III with v��� solid and long (Fig. 4 D). Setal numbers on legs I���IV: trochanters 1 - 1 - 1 -0, femora 4 - 4 - 3 - 3, genua 5 - 5 - 3 - 3, tibiae 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 and tarsi 15 (��)- 11 (��)- 11 (��)- 10 Measurements. Male (range of three paratypes). Idiosoma length (gnathosoma excluded): 430���450, idiosoma maximum width: all 300, prodorsal shield length: all 100, prodorsal shield width (at anterior margin): 80���90, width between setal pair vi on prodorsal shield: 40���50, width between setal pair ve on prodorsal shield: all 70, width between setal pair sci on prodorsal shield: all 70, setal lengths vi: 60���70, ve 60���100, sci 60���90, sce (ocular setae): all 100; leg lengths (excluding coxa and ambulacrum): leg I all 300, leg II 200���300, leg III 300���400, leg IV 400��� 500, solenidion �� 2 of tarsus I length 20���30, ft (companion seta of solenidion �� 2 of tarsus I) length all 30, solenidion �� of tarsus II length all 5, solenidion �� of tarsus III length all 5; gnathosoma length: all 100, base of gnathosoma width: 100, subcapitular setae n length: all 40, chelicerae length: 90���100, chelicerae width (at base): all 30, palp length: 90���100, palp width: 40���50, palp claw length: all 20, peritreme length (complete): all 30. LARVA (10 paratypes). Gnathosoma: Setae n and el on subcapitulum absent; femora and genua with pectinate seta d (Fig. 5 A); seta l��T slightly pectinate and short nude seta v. Palpal tarsus small with solenidion �� and 5 setae, 3 nude setae and 2 long pectinated setae; palpal claw robust and curved. Idiosoma. (Fig. 5 B, 6 A���C): Highly striated, with pectinate and long setae vi, ve, sci, sce, c 1, c 2, d 1, d 2, e 1 and f 1 as in female; h 1, h 2, ps 1���3 extensively pectinate; setal pairs f2, 2a, 2 b, 3 b, 3 c, 3 d, ag 1-3 and g 1 absent. Dorsal shield shaped as an inverted triangle, with 3 pairs of pectinate setae ve, vi and sci, Setae ve and vi close to one another. Seta sci pectinate and long. Legs (Fig. 5 D, 6 D). Solenidion �� 1 present on tarsus I. Tibia I without �� (Fig. 5 D). Trochanters I���III without setae v; femora I���II without setae v" and pv; genua I���II without setal pair l", v" and d; genua III only seta v��. Setal numbers on legs I���III (solenidion in brackets): trochanter 0-0-0, femur 4 - 4 - 3, genua 2 - 2 - 1, tibia 5 - 5 - 5 and tarsi 13 (��)- 12 - 12. Measurements. Larva. Idiosoma length (gnathosoma excluded): 280���370, idiosoma maximum width: 240��� 280, prodorsal shield length: 80���100, prodorsal shield width (at anterior margin): 80���90, width between setal pair vi on prodorsal shield: 40���50, width between setal pair ve on prodorsal shield: all 80, width between setal pair sci on prodorsal shield: 60���70, setal lengths vi: 70���100, ve all 100, sci all 100, sce (ocular setae): all 100; leg lengths (excluding coxa and ambulacrum): leg I 240���260, leg II 200���230, leg III 230���250, solenidion �� 2 of tarsus I length: 10���20, ft (companion seta of solenidion �� 2 of tarsus I), length: 36���65, gnathosoma length: 100���160, base of gnathosoma width: 90���140, chelicerae length: 90���150, chelicerae width (at base): 19���25, palp length: 63���94, palp width: 28���41, palp claw length: 14���19, peritreme length (complete): 19���31. Type material examined. Female HOLOTYPE (MZUC 40360), 16 female, 3 male and 10 larvae PARATYPES (CNAC 007255- 58, MZUC 40361 - 64, MZUC 43635 - 38, MZUC 4639 - 43, CDCP 320 - 33) from Callopistes maculatus (Gravenhorst) (Squamata: Teiidae), CALDERA: Copiap�� Province, Atacama Region, 26 �� 56 ���S, 70 �� 44 ���W, August 2010, Coll. Juan Carlos Ortiz and Gustavo Escobar. Type deposition. Museo de Zoolog��a Universidad de Concepci��n (MZUC). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the collecting locality, Atacama. Remarks. Under laboratory conditions larvae of Callopistiella atacamensis sp. nov. started to molt into nymphs during the second week and by the third week they became adults. Some larvae were observed molting and nymphs becoming adults, both with a prodehiscent shedding. At the end of the sixth week, 84 individuals were found dead after checking the sand under a stereoscopic magnifier. Eleven adults were found alive and four females were separated from them and put individually in small bottles held at 26.6 ��C and 73.4 % RH. Approximately 7 days later, those females oviposited a total of 33 eggs (4, 5, 11 and 13 respectively), of 0.29 mm long and 0.21 mm wide (only one egg was measured, Fig. 7). Eggs changed color over the following days, going from white to orange and finally transparent, and in its interior we observed an orange deutoovum. The first larva hatching was 16 days later, but was not fully complete. This situation repeated itself in other larvae that were found dried inside the egg. Due to this, humidity had to be provided through wet towels, reaching 91.7 % RH, after this the next hatchings were successful. This led us to suppose that this mite species is very sensitive to environmental humidity changes., Published as part of Fuente, Mar��a Carolina Silva-De La, Paredes-Le��n, Ricardo, Casanueva, Mar��a Eugenia, Escobar-Huerta, Gustavo & Salas, Lucila Moreno, 2015, A new genus and species of pterygosomatid mite (Acari: Pterygosomatidae) parasitizing Callopistes maculatus (Squamata: Teiidae) from Chile, pp. 65-74 in Zootaxa 3972 (1) on pages 67-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/288906

Fuente, María Carolina Silva-De La, Paredes-León, Ricardo, Casanueva, María Eugenia, Escobar-Huerta, Gustavo, Salas, Lucila Moreno (2015): A new genus and species of pterygosomatid mite (Acari: Pterygosomatidae) parasitizing Callopistes maculatus (Squamata: Teiidae) from Chile. Zootaxa 3972 (1): 65-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3972.1.4