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Meryta puruhi Butaud, J.Florence, Lowry & F.Tronchet, sp. nov. (Figs 2; 3; 4) Meryta puruhi inter Societatis insularum M. lanceolatae J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. et M. raiateensi J.W. Moore affinis, sed foliis obovatis vel spatulatis vs. lanceolatas vel oblongas illarum duarum specierum atque (7-)8-11 carpellis vs 4-6(-7), praecipue differt. TYPUS. — Polynésie française, Archipel des Tuamotu. Atoll de Anaa, Tukuhora, au sud-est de la mare aux anguilles, mince bande de feo entre cocoteraie, Premna, Xylosma, Pandanus, Morinda myrtifolia et M. citrifolia, Laportea, Asplenium nidus, Capparis, 17°20’58.992”S, 145°30’51.012”W, 5 m, 17.VI.2005, fr., J.-F. Butaud 1142 (holo-, PAP[PAP010427!]; iso-, P[P00398291, P00398359]!; PAP[PAP010428!]) (Fig. 4). PARATYPI. — Polynésie française. Archipel des Tuamotu. Atoll de Niau, Tupana, derrière le cimetière, sous-bois de Guettarda, Pouteria, Myrsine, Glochidion, Xylosma, Allophylus, Ixora, 16°07’48.4”S, 146°20’07.3”W, 8 m, 13.X.2006, fr., J.-F. Butaud 1500 (PAP[PAP015762]!); Tupana, à l’ouest du village, Pandanus, Pouteria, Premna, Myrsine, Xylosma, Guettarda, Timonius, Cyclophyllum, Ixora, 16°07’32.7”S, 146°20’29.3”W, 8 m, 14.X.2006, fr., J.-F. Butaud 1505 (PAP[PAP015761]!); Maiahu, au bout d’une route pénétrant les feo, 16°09’48.1”S, 146°19’13.8”W, 8 m, 23.X.2006, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud 1534 (PAP [PAP015892]!); Village de Ofare, secteur sud-ouest, forêt de makatea avec Pipturus, Myrsine, Guettarda, [16°8’S, 146°23’W], 2 m, 28.III.1990, stér., J. Florence 10139 (BISH, K, MO!, P[P00398362]!, PAP[PAP000550]!, US[US3294808]!); Maiahu, secteur sud-ouest, Forêt de makatea avec Pisonia, Planchonella, [20°11’S, 146°21’W], 1 m, 31.III.1990, stér., J. Florence 10175 (BISH, K, MO!, P[P00398363]!, PAP[PAP000551]!, US); Maiahu, secteur sud-ouest, forêt de makatea en sous-bois sur calcaire érodé, [20°11’S, 146°21’W], 1 m, 2.IV.1990, fr., J. Florence 10188 (P[P00398364]!, PAP[PAP000552]!). — Atoll de Anaa. Tukuhora, au sud-est de la mare aux anguilles, feo, Asplenium nidus, Guettarda Microsorum, Timonius, Pipturus, Xylosma, Cocos, Laportea, 17°20’58.94’’S, 145°30’51.29’’W, 5 m, 17.VI.2005, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud 1141 (BISH!, P[P00398288, P00398358]!; PAP[PAP010431, PAP010433]!; PTBG!); Tukuhora, au sud-est de la mare aux anguilles, mince bande de feo entre cocoteraies, 17°20’58.94”S, 145°30’51.29”W, 5 m, 17.VI.2005, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud 1143 (P[P00398360]!; PAP[PAP010426]!); Tukuhora, est de Tevaiora, en bordure de zone marécageuse, Peperomia, Guettarda Psilotum, Pipturus, Pisonia, 17°20’58.9”S, 145°30’49.7”W, 5 m, 25.VIII.2008, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud & J. Kape 1910 (PAP[PAP015217]!); ibid., 15.VII.2018, fr., J.-F. Butaud (leg. J. Hauata) 3703 (PAP[PAP015968]!); ibid., 15.VII.2018, fl. ♂, J.-F. Butaud (leg. J. Hauata) 3704 (PAP[PAP015969]!); ibid., 15.VII.2018, stér., J.-F. Butaud (leg. J. Hauata) 3705 (PAP[PAP015970]!); Tukuhora, Moist woods on dissected coral rock, 13.V.1934, fr., H. St. John 14263 (BISH[BISH122845]!). ÉTYMOLOGIE. — L’épithète de cette espèce correspond au nom polynésien puruhi employé dans les deux îles pour la désigner. RÉPARTITION. — Meryta puruhi sp.nov. est restreinte aux parties surélevées des atolls de Niau (7,5 m d’altitude) et de Anaa (5 m), et constitue la seule espèce du genre dans l’archipel des Tuamotu en Polynésie française (Fig. 1). À Niau, elle croît dans les forêts sur corail soulevé (feo) sur la quasi-totalité de l’atoll avec juste une absence dans la partie occidentale (Fig. 5). À Anaa, elle n’est connue que des cinq principaux îlots de la moitié ouest de l’île (Fig. 6), au sein du même type de forêt. La plupart des individus sont présents dans les sous-populations de Tukuhora et Temarie, tandis que celles de Ahuraka, Otepipi et Otika comprennent moins de dix individus chacune et apparaissent proches de l’extinction. ÉCOLOGIE. — Ce petit arbre est cantonné aux zones de corail soulevé appelées heo ou feo dans les Tuamotu et en particulier dans les atolls de Niau et Anaa. C’est une espèce du sous-bois des forêts à Planchonella - Xylosma dominées par plusieurs arbres indigènes: Celtis pacifica Planch. (Cannabaceae), Glochidion spp. (Phyllanthaceae), Guettarda speciosa L. (Rubiaceae), Pandanus tectorius Parkinson (Pandanaceae), Pisonia grandis R.Br. (Nyctaginaceae), Planchonella tahitensis (Nadeaud) Pierre ex Dubard (Sapotaceae), Pritchardia mitiaroana J.Dransf. & Y.Ehrh. et Xylosma suaveolens (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) G.Forst. (Salicaceae), ainsi que des arbustes indigènes comme Allophylus rhomboidalis (Nadeaud) Radlk. (Sapindaceae), Cyclophyllum barbatum (G.Forst.) N.Hallé & J.Florence (Rubiaceae), Ixora sp. (Rubiaceae), Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), Myrsine niauensis Fosberg & Sachet (Primulaceae), Premna serratifolia L. (Lamiaceae) et Tarenna sambucina (G. Forst.) T. Durand ex Drake (Rubiaceae). On y trouve également l’herbacée indigène Peperomia pallida (G. Forst.) A.Diet. (Piperaceae), les lianes indigènes Capparis spinosa subsp. cordifolia (Lam.) Fici (Capparidaceae), Gynochthodes myrtifolia (A.Gray) Razafim. & B.Bremer (Rubiaceae), les fougères indigènes Asplenium nidus L. & A. listeri C.Chr. (Aspleniaceae), et Micorosorum grossum (Langsd. & Fisch.) S.B.Andrews (Polypodiaceae) et le cocotier introduit Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae). Les fruits orange à maturité de Meryta puruhi sp. nov. sont consommés par le ptilope des Tuamotu (Ptilinopus coralensis Peale, 1848), oiseau endémique de l’archipel, toujours présent à Niau, mais éteint localement à Anaa, qui en disperse les graines (Butaud, obs. pers.). Deux espèces de rats introduits se nourrissent des fruits mûrs ou immatures, Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) et probablement R. exulans (Peale, 1848), mais il n’est pas déterminé s’ils participent à sa dissémination. NOMS VERNACULAIRES. — Les habitants de Niau et de Anaa nomment cette espèce puruhi (Butaud 2007, 2008; Butaud & Jacq 2017). À Anaa, ce nom a été initialement relevé pour le genre Meryta par St. John et indiqué sur l’étiquette de son échantillon 14263 collecté en 1934. Seuls de rares habitants connaissent toujours ce nom aujourd’hui. À Niau, plusieurs noms ont été relevés pour Meryta puruhi sp. nov. par Florence en 1990: pua sur son échantillon 10139, torotea sur le 10175, et opuhi sur le 10188. Une enquête de terrain conduite en 2006 par Butaud (2007) auprès d’une dizaine de personnes âgées a démontré que le nom puruhi est employé pour désigner Meryta puruhi sp. nov., tandis que pua se réfère à Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. (Gentianaceae), une espèce absente de l’île, torotea correspond à Allophylus rhomboidalis, et opuhi est généralement lié à l’herbacée ornementale introduite Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K.Schum. (Zingiberaceae). Il est intéressant de noter que dans les Îles de la Société, le nom puruhi désigne Ceodes taitensis (Heimerl) E.F.S.Rossetto & Caraballo (Nyctaginaceae), tandis que les différentes espèces de Meryta sont appelées ‘ofepara (Butaud 2017). Sur l’île de Rapa aux Australes, puru est le nom de Meryta choristantha Harms (Meyer 2011), tandis qu’à Hiva Oa aux Marquises, kohepuru est celui de Meryta pastoralis (Tutana Tetuanui, comm. pers. 2022). STATUT DE CONSERVATION. — Meryta puruhi sp. nov. est restreint aux deux atolls surélevés, Niau (21,5 km ²) et Anaa (37,7 km ²), qui sont éloignés de 150 km l’un de l’autre.À Anaa,150 individus (incluant à la fois les individus matures et immatures) ont été dénombrés sur cinq îlots, ce qui représente cinq sous-populations, tandis que plus de 400 individus formant une seule sous-population ont été recensés à Niau. Ces comptages ne sont pas exhaustifs et le nombre total d’individus matures sur les deux îles est estimé entre 500 et 1000. La zone d’occurrence (EOO) de cette espèce est d’environ 1700 km ² tandis que sa zone d’occupation (AOO) est de 28 km ², 8 km ² sur Anaa, en se basant sur des carrés de 1 km de côté, et presque tout l’atoll sur Niau (près de 20 km ²). Son aire géographique est considérée comme étant sévèrement fragmentée sur Anaa à cause de l’extinction du ptilope (genre Ptilinopus), qui jouait localement un rôle important dans sa dissémination, mais également entre les deux atolls, eu égard à la relative grande distance les séparant, soit 150 km. En effet, cette grande distance n’a pas permis la recolonisation de Anaa par le ptilope des Tuamotu à partir de Niau ou d’autres atolls proches en plus de 150 ans (période de l’acquisition des premières données naturalistes sur Anaa et indiquant l’absence de ptilope). Il faut noter que d’autres oiseaux frugivores (notamment des espèces appartenant aux genres Ducula et Pampusana) étaient probablement présents anciennement sur ces atolls mais en ont depuis disparu (Thibault & Cibois 2017). Meryta puruhi sp. nov. est menacé à un faible niveau par l’arbre envahissant Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, à un niveau modéré par l’extinction de son principal disséminateur dans une partie de son aire de répartition et à un haut niveau par des incendies d’origine humaine liés à l’entretien des cocoteraies et par l’urbanisation qui touche des habitats riches en Meryta à travers l’extension des villages. En effet, la population principale de Tukuhora à Anaa est progressivement détruite par les remblais nécessaires à la construction de bâtiments divers, ainsi que par l’extension de la zone aéroportuaire et des dépotoirs. Une partie de son habitat à Niau est incluse dans la zone urbaine (UB) définie par le plan général d’aménagement (PGA) de la commune, tandis que le reste est situé en zone de site protégé (NDzt). En prenant en compte les menaces plausibles les plus sérieuses que sont les incendies et l’urbanisation, M. puruhi sp. nov. possède quatre localités, deux sur Anaa (village de Tukuhora et autres sous-populations) et deux sur Niau (zone urbaine et zone de site protégé). Un déclin continu de la zone d’occurrence, de la zone d’occupation, de la superficie, étendue et qualité de l’habitat favorable, du nombre de sous-populations et du nombre d’individus matures est projeté. Meryta puruhi sp. nov. serait ainsi évalué comme Vulnérable sur le critère C de la liste rouge de l’UICN (2012) en raison de la petite taille de sa population et de son déclin [C2a(i)], et également sur le critère D en lien avec le faible nombre d’individus matures [D1]. Néanmoins, sur le critère B, il peut être évalué comme En danger [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) + 2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. DESCRIPTION Arbre monocaule à faiblement ramifié en candélabre, dioïque, de 3-8 m de hauteur et de 6-15 cm de diamètre à la base; bois tendre, écorce grise rugueuse. Feuilles Simples, alternes, groupées à l’extrémité des rameaux, les juvéniles et les adultes comparables, à légère odeur de carotte; pétiole robuste, de (1,8-)2,9-5,9(-7,3) cm × (1,5-) 2-4 mm, sans lenticelles, avec des stries transversales vert foncé sur les deux faces à l’état frais, à base légèrement élargie et faiblement engainante; ligule présente dessus à la base du pétiole, caduque rapidement, à portion libre triangulaire, longue de 5-6 mm, marges entières et apex aigu; limbe vert terne dessus sur le frais, légèrement plus clair dessous, largement obovale à étroitement oblong ou spatulé, de (12,4-)16,1-24,6(-30) × (6-)7-11,8(-13,5) cm (rapport L/l 1,6-2,5), membraneux à cartacé, glabre sur les deux faces, à base atténuée, légèrement asymétrique avec un déport de 2-8 mm, à marge entière, parfois faiblement et irrégulièrement crénelée, ondulée distalement, obscurément révolutée, apex aigu, obtus, arrondi à faiblement rétus, doté d’un acumen court largement triangulaire; nervation eucamptodrome à parfois brochidodrome, vert clair à l’état frais; nervure médiane saillante sur les deux faces, rectiligne, face inférieure sans ou jusqu’à deux épaississements restreints à la moitié proximale; 18 à 33 paires de nervures secondaires, divergeant sous un angle de 60-85° (au niveau de la plus grande largeur du limbe), nervures distales moins divergentes, nervures interstitielles souvent présentes; nervures tertiaires évidentes, rectilignes à s’anastomosant sous divers angles, formant rarement des arcs convexes dans la zone intercostale; nervures d’ordre supérieur visibles sur le sec, formant un réseau délicat et dense; veinules formant des aréoles quadrangulaires à polygonales de 0,5-1,5 mm. Inflorescence mâle Terminale, dressée, verte à jaune in vivo, en racème d’épis, avec 2 degrés de ramification, axe primaire long de 9,5- 12 cm × 4-5 mm à la base, axillé par des cataphylles caduques, laissant des cicatrices visibles, partie libre triangulaire, de 6-9 × 5-6 mm, marge entière à serrulée, apex aigu; 6 à 11 axes secondaires, longs de 2-12 cm (plus courts distalement), chacun axillé par une bractée caduque, largement triangulaire, longue de 7-10 mm, sans lenticelles, à marge entière à faiblement denticulée, apex obtus à aigu, parfois apiculé; capitules au nombre de 7-11 par axe secondaire, sessiles, avec 7 à 15(-27) fleurs, les proximaux insérés à 3-10 mm de la base, chacun axillé par une bractée caduque largement triangulaire. Fleurs mâles Sessiles, nues ou axillées par une bractéole persistante, oblongue à largement ovale, longue de 2,5-3 mm, aiguë au sommet; quatre ou cinq pétales, étroitement obovales, de 2,3-2,7 mm de longueur, hyalins; étamines à filets de 1,8-2,5 mm de long, anthères de 0,9-1,6 mm. Inflorescence femelle Description à partir des infrutescences. Terminale, dressée, verte à vert pâle sur le frais, en court racème d’épis, avec deux degrés de ramification, axe primaire long de 7-15 cm × 4-6 mm à la base, axillé par des cataphylles caduques, à marge serrulée, apex aigu; 8 à 13 axes secondaires, longs de 2-6 cm (plus courts distalement), chacun axillé par une bractée caduque largement triangulaire longue de 6-9 mm, sans lenticelles, à marge faiblement denticulée, apex aigu, parfois apiculé; capitules au nombre de 1-6 par axe secondaire, avec 4 à 16 fleurs, les proximaux insérés à 4-12 mm de la base de l’axe secondaire. Fleurs femelles Description d’après des images de très jeunes fruits. Sessiles; bractéole partiellement couverte par la fleur et plus tard par le fruit; huit pétales, persistants sur les fruits, triangulaires, récurvés lorsque la fleur est réceptive, apex aigu; (7-)8(-11) carpelles et stigmates. Infrutescence Généralement dressée, mais parfois pendante en raison du poids des fruits. Fruits Verts à l’état jeune, orange à maturité, restes des pétales persistants, non coalescents, ovaires libres les uns par rapport aux autres, mais basalement et parfois latéralement accolés; drupes globuleuses à subglobuleuses-déprimées, de 7-9 × (7-) 9-12,5 mm, lisses et charnues à l’état frais, profondément côtelées à l’état sec, les côtes correspondant aux 7-11 pyrènes, styles persistants et récurvés, d’environ 1,5-2 mm. Pyrènes De couleur crème, semi-ellipsoïdaux à semi-ovoïdes, nettement aplatis, de 5,5-6 × 3-4 × 1-2 mm, avec une petite arête proche du hile sur chaque face. NOTES Meryta puruhi sp. nov. appartient clairement à Meryta sect. Meryta (Harms 1938), incluant les espèces où les fleurs femelles et les fruits sont accolés à la base; elle ressemble le plus à M. lanceolata et M. raiateensis des Îles de la Société, avec lesquelles elle partage une même structure d’inflorescence et des ovaires libres, Published as part of Butaud, Jean-François, Florence, Jacques, Lowry II, Porter P. & Tronchet, Frédéric, 2023, Une nouvelle espèce de Meryta J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae) de l'archipel des Tuamotu en Polynésie française, pp. 61-71 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (4) on pages 63-70, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a4, http://zenodo.org/record/7671014, {"references":["BUTAUD J. - F. 2007. - Etude de la flore vasculaire de l'atoll souleve de Niau, cartographie de sa vegetation, caracterisation de l'habitat du Martin-Chasseur de Niau et priorites de conservation. SOP Manu × & DIREN, Tahiti, 96 p.","BUTAUD J. - F. 2008. - Flore, formations vegetales et ethnobotanique de l'atoll de Anaa en vue de la conservation de son patrimoine naturel et culturel. DIREN, Tahiti, 66 p.","BUTAUD J. - F. & JACQ F. 2017. - Atolls souleves des Tuamotu - Guide floristique. Direction de l'Environnement, Tahiti, 97 p. https: // www. service-public. pf / diren / wp-content / uploads / sites / 17 / 2019 / 01 / Atolls-souleves-Light. pdf","BUTAUD J. - F. 2017. - Vallees tahitiennes - Guide floristique. 3 e edition. Direction de l'Environnement, Tahiti. https: // www. service-public. pf / diren / wp-content / uploads / sites / 17 / 2019 / 01 / Vallees-tahtiennes-Light. pdf","MEYER J. - Y. 2011. - Rapa, iles Australes - Guide de la flore indigene et endemique. Direction de l'Environnement & Delegation a la Recherche, Tahiti. https: // www. service-public. pf / diren / wp-content / uploads / sites / 17 / 2019 / 01 / Rapa. pdf","THIBAULT J. - C. & CIBOIS A. 2017. - Birds of Eastern Polynesia. A Biogeographic Atlas. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 438 p.","HARMS H. 1938. - Zur Kenntnis von Meryta sonchifolia Linden et Andre und einigen anderen Arten des Gattung. Notizblatt des botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 14: 315 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994949","WELSH S. L. 1998. - Flora Societensis. A Summary Revision of the Flowering Plants of the Society Islands: Mehetia, Tahiti, Moorea, Tetiaroa (iles du vent); Huahine, Raiatea, Tahaa, Bora Bora, Tupai, Maupiti, and Mopelia (iles sous le vent). Utah, E. P. S. Inc, 421 p.","MONTAGGIONI L. F., SALVAT B., AUBANEL A., EISENHAUER A. & MARTIN- GARIN B. 2018. - The mode and timing of windward reef-island accretion in relation with Holocene sea-level change: A case study from Takapoto Atoll, French Polynesia. Geomorphology 318: 320 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geomorph. 2018.06.015","CIBOIS A., THIBAULT J. - C., RAUST P. & PASQUET E. 2011. - Systematics of the reed-warblers of the Tuamotu Archipelago, eastern Polynesia. Emu 111 (2): 139 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / MU 10039","GATEBLE G. 2015. - Flore ornementale de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Horticulture, botanique et histoire. Institut agronomique neo-Caledonien et Editions au Vent des Iles, Tahiti, 624 p."]}

Butaud, Jean-François, Florence, Jacques, Lowry II, Porter P., Tronchet, Frédéric (2023): Une nouvelle espèce de Meryta J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Araliaceae) de l'archipel des Tuamotu en Polynésie française. Adansonia (3) 45 (4): 61-71, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a4

Key to the species of the Bernieriana group of Diospyros 1. Leaf margins distinctly undulate................................. 2 1a. Leaf margins flat or revolute, not distinctly undulate (weakly undulate in fresh material of D. hongwae)...... 3 2. Apex of fruit completely enclosed within the calyx; fruit spherical; N and NE Madagascar and the Comoro islands (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mayotte and Moheli)..................................................................... 1. D. bernieriana 2a. Apex of fruit exserted above the calyx; fruit ellipsoid; Zombitsy, Tsihombe.................................... 5. D. silicea 3. Leaf blade with margins flat or slightly revolute, abaxial surface not at all obscured........................................... 4 3a. Leaf blade with margins strongly revolute, obscuring much of the abaxial surface on at least some leaves..... 5 4. Largest leaf blade 2–4(–5) cm long; apex of fruit enclosed within the calyx; free portion of calyx tubular; western forest, Bongolava to Kirindy.................... 7. D. torquata 4a. Largest leaf blade 11–12 cm long; apex of fruit exserted above the calyx; free portion of calyx cupuliform; Behefaka, Irarona (S of Ambilobe)................. 3. D. hongwae 5. Leaves elliptic to obovate, broadest blade less than 3 times longer than wide, glabrous or initially with white farinose indument on the abaxial surface, glabrescent; accrescent portion of fruiting calyx entire; Antsiranana area S to Daraina................................................ 6. D. suarezensis 5a. Leaves narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong to linear, occasionally narrowly obovate, broadest blade at least (3–)4 –8 times longer than wide, with rufous farinose indument on abaxial surface and sometimes adaxial surface, rarely glabrous; accrescent portion of fruiting calyx distinctly lobed................................................... 6 6. Female flowers narrowly ellipsoid, 11–15 mm long, at least 2 times longer than wide; mature fruit 12–16 × 7–10 mm, the lobes the of calyx 6–8 mm long; far N of Madagascar..................................................................... 4. D. ranirisonii 6a. Female flowers ellipsoid to subspherical, 5–10 mm long, only slightly longer than wide; mature fruit 10–13 × 6 mm, the lobes of the calyx 3 mm long; central and southern Madagascar......................................... 2. D. danguyana Clé d’identification des espèces de Diospyros du groupe Bernieriana 1. Marges des feuilles distinctement ondulées................. 2 1a. Marges des feuilles planes ou révolutées, pas distinctement ondulées (légèrement ondulées en matériel frais de D. hongwae)................................................................. 3 2. Apex du fruit complètement entouré par le calice; fruit sphérique; N et NE de Madagascar et des Îles Comores (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mayotte et Mohéli)........................................................................ 1. D. bernieriana 2a. Apex du fruit prolongé au-delà du calice; fruit ellipsoïde; Zombitsy, Tsihombe.................................... 5. D. silicea 3. Limbe foliaire plane ou à marges légèrement revolutées, surface abaxiale visible................................................. 4 3a. Limbe foliaire fortement révoluté, cachant beaucoup de la surface abaxiale sur au moins certaines feuilles........ 5 4. Limbe de la feuille la plus grande mesurant 2–4(–5) cm de long; apex du fruit entouré par le calice; partie libre du calice tubulaire; forêts occidentales, Bongolava à Kirindy................................................................. 7. D. torquata 4a. Limbe de la feuille la plus grande mesurant 11 –12 cm de long; apex du fruit dépassant le calice; partie libre du calice cupuliforme; Behefaka, Irarona (au S d’Ambilobe)................................................................ 3. D. hongwae 5. Feuilles elliptiques à obovales, limbe le plus large moins de 3 fois plus long que large, surface abaxiale glabre ou initialement portant un indument farineux, glabrescent; partie accrescente du calice en fruit entière; région d’Antsiranana jusqu’à Daraina............. 6. D. suarezensis 5a. Feuilles étroitement elliptiques ou étroitement oblongues à linéaires, parfois étroitement obovales, limbe le plus large au moins (3–)4–8 fois plus long que large, surface abaxiale portant un indument roux-farineux, parfois également sur la surface adaxiale, rarement glabre; partie accrescente du calice en fruit nettement lobée............. 6 6. Fleurs femelles étroitement ellipsoïdes, 11 – 15 mm de long, au moins 2 fois plus longues que larges; fruit mature 12– 16 × 7–10 mm, lobes du calice 6– 8 mm de long; extrême N de Madagascar.......... 4. D. ranirisonii 6a. Fleurs femelles ellipsoïdes à subsphériques, 5– 10 mm de long, à peine plus longues que larges; fruit mature 10–13 × 6 mm, lobes du calice 3 mm de long; parties centrale et sud de Madagascar.................. 2. D. danguyana, Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 204-205, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867

Lepidocupania mouana (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis mouana Guillaumin in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot. 15: 109. 1967. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: Mt. Mou, 8.II.1950, Baumann-Bodenheim [leg. Baas Becking] 6036 (P [P05256547]!; iso-: L [L0484153]!, Z [Z-000028070] image seen). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania mouana is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is restricted to Mont Mou in the southwest. ADEMA (1991) cited a single specimen, the holotype, collected in 1951, while an additional collection was made in 2009 (Grignon & Munzinger 256). This species grows in continuous tall maquis (“maquis paraforestier”, see MCCOY et al., 1999 for details) dominated by species of Gymnostoma L.A.S. Johnson, on peridotitic substrate. Note. – Lepidocupania mouana was assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Endangered” [EN] by JAFFRÉ et al. (1998)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 277-278, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","MCCOY, S. G., T. JAFFRE, F. RIGAULT & J. E. ASH (1999). Fire and succession in the ultramafic maquis of New Caledonia. J. Biogeog. 26: 579 - 594.","JAFFRE, T., P. BOUCHET & J. M. VEILLON (1998). Threatened plants of New Caledonia: is the system of protected areas adequate? Biodivers. Conserv. 7: 109 - 135."]}

Lepidocupania inoplea (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis inoplea Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 589. 1879. Lectotypus (designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: Mt. Poum, V.1871, Balansa 3307 (P [P00639140]!; isolecto-: P [P00639141, P00639142]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania inoplaea, as circumscribed by ADEMA (1991), is endemic to the archipelago of New Caledonia, where it occurs in the northwestern part of Grande Terre and two of the Loyalty Islands (Lifou and Maré). It is found in maquis vegetation and gallery forest on serpentinite and schist, from sea level to 700 m. Notes. – Cupaniopsis inoplea was described based on Balansa 3307. Original material at P is mounted on three sheets, two of which [P00639140, P00639141] bear the following note in Radlkofer’s hand: “ Cupaniopsis inoplaea m. Radlk.” Here we designate the most complete and best-preserved of these two sheets [P00639140] as the lectotype. It has come to our attention that the original spelling of the epithet, ‘ inoplea ’, was changed to ‘ inoplaea ’ by GUILLAUMIN (1948) and ADEMA (1991), but the rules of nomenclature do not justify this change, and we therefore retain the original spelling, as proposed by RADLKOFER (1879b). ADEMA (1991) did not indicate that this species grows on calcareous substrate, although two collections cited in his monograph from the Loyalty Islands (Schmid 677 and MacKee (Leg. Suprin) 43447) were gathered without doubt from calcareous sites. Further study will be needed to determine whether these collections belong to Lepidocupania inoplea or another species., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","GUILLAUMIN, A. (1948). Sapindacees. Flore analytique et synoptique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie, phanerogames: 197 - 202. Office de la Recherche Scientifique Coloniale, Paris.","RADLKOFER, L. (1879 b). Ueber Cupania und damit verwandte Pflanzen. Sitzungsber. Math. - Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 9: 457 - 678."]}

Lepidocupania glabra (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis glabra Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 113. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Basse Tontouta, rive gauche, terrain serpentineux, 50 m, 10.II.1962, MacKee 40234 (L [L0013372]!; iso-: NOU [NOU006523]!, P [P05213382]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania glabra is endemic to the Tontouta River valley (Grande Terre). It is found in maquis and continuous tall maquis (“maquis paraforestier”, see MCCOY et al., 1999 for details) dominated by Gymnostoma chamaecyparis (J. Poiss.) L.A.S. Johnson (Casuarinaceae) on ultramafic substrate, primarily alluvium, between 20 and 400 m (ADEMA, 1991; D'ANGELO, 2017). Notes. – This species has been assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Critically Endangered” [CR] based on its narrow distribution and reduction in population size (IUCN, 2020)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 274-276, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["MCCOY, S. G., T. JAFFRE, F. RIGAULT & J. E. ASH (1999). Fire and succession in the ultramafic maquis of New Caledonia. J. Biogeog. 26: 579 - 594.","ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","D'ANGELO, S. (2017). Ecologie et conservation de trois especes rares et menacees de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Memoire de Master. Universite de Lorraine-UMR ECOFOG, Kourou & IAC, Paita.","IUCN (2020). The IUCN Red List of threatened species. [https: // www. iucnredlist. org]"]}

Lepidocupania concolor (Gillespie) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Guioa concolor Gillespie in Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 83: 17. 1931. ≡ Arytera concolor (Gillespie) A.C. Sm. in J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 298. 1950. ≡ Cupaniopsis concolor (Gillespie) R.W. Ham in Blumea 23: 287. 1977. Holotypus: FIJI: Taveuni, vicinity of Waiyevo, 3.III.1928 Gillespie 4794 (BISH [BISH1004953] image seen; iso-: BISH [BISH1004954, BISH1004955] images seen, K [K000701623]!, NY [NY00337873]!, GH [GH00050772] image seen, US [US00095352] image seen). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania concolor is endemic to Fiji, where it is known from the three main islands of Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Taveuni (SMITH, 1985)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["SMITH, A. C. (1985). Flora vitiensis nova 3. Pacific Tropical Garden, Kauai."]}

Lepidocupania grandiflora (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis grandiflora Adema in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, 10: 263. 1989. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Mont Do, 950 m, s.d., McPherson 3805 (MO [MO260722]!; iso-: NOU [NOU006521]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania grandiflora is endemic to Grande Terre, where is has a peculiar distribution and edaphic range; most collections are from the central region (Mont Do and around the Col d’Amieu), but others have been made in the Pouébo area, some 175 km to the northwest. Lepidocupania grandiflora grows in wet forest and maquis vegetation, on ultramafic and non-ultramafic substrates, from 400 to 1000 m. Notes. – ADEMA (1991: 119) suggested a close affinity between this species and L. oedipoda based on vegetative characters. Their morphological similarity points toward the need for further analyses, especially focusing on collections from the Pouébo area., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 276, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Lepidocupania samoensis (Christoph.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis samoensis Christoph. in Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 14: 154. 1938. Holotypus: SAMOA: Savai`i, above Matavanu, 14.VIII.1931, Christophersen & Hume 2045 (BISH [BISH1004933] image seen; iso-: A [A00050711] image seen, BISH [BISH1004931, BISH1004932] images seen, K [K000701626]!, P [P00639282]!, UC [UC1352449] image seen, US [US00094201] image seen). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania samoensis is endemic to the two main islands of Samoa, Savai`i and Upolu, where it grows in primary evergreen forests between 650 to 1350 m (ADEMA, 1991)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Key to the species of the Bernieriana group of Diospyros 1. Leaf margins distinctly undulate................................. 2 1a. Leaf margins flat or revolute, not distinctly undulate (weakly undulate in fresh material of D. hongwae)...... 3 2. Apex of fruit completely enclosed within the calyx; fruit spherical; N and NE Madagascar and the Comoro islands (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mayotte and Moheli)..................................................................... 1. D. bernieriana 2a. Apex of fruit exserted above the calyx; fruit ellipsoid; Zombitsy, Tsihombe.................................... 5. D. silicea 3. Leaf blade with margins flat or slightly revolute, abaxial surface not at all obscured........................................... 4 3a. Leaf blade with margins strongly revolute, obscuring much of the abaxial surface on at least some leaves..... 5 4. Largest leaf blade 2–4(–5) cm long; apex of fruit enclosed within the calyx; free portion of calyx tubular; western forest, Bongolava to Kirindy.................... 7. D. torquata 4a. Largest leaf blade 11–12 cm long; apex of fruit exserted above the calyx; free portion of calyx cupuliform; Behefaka, Irarona (S of Ambilobe)................. 3. D. hongwae 5. Leaves elliptic to obovate, broadest blade less than 3 times longer than wide, glabrous or initially with white farinose indument on the abaxial surface, glabrescent; accrescent portion of fruiting calyx entire; Antsiranana area S to Daraina................................................ 6. D. suarezensis 5a. Leaves narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong to linear, occasionally narrowly obovate, broadest blade at least (3–)4 –8 times longer than wide, with rufous farinose indument on abaxial surface and sometimes adaxial surface, rarely glabrous; accrescent portion of fruiting calyx distinctly lobed................................................... 6 6. Female flowers narrowly ellipsoid, 11–15 mm long, at least 2 times longer than wide; mature fruit 12–16 × 7–10 mm, the lobes the of calyx 6–8 mm long; far N of Madagascar..................................................................... 4. D. ranirisonii 6a. Female flowers ellipsoid to subspherical, 5–10 mm long, only slightly longer than wide; mature fruit 10–13 × 6 mm, the lobes of the calyx 3 mm long; central and southern Madagascar......................................... 2. D. danguyana Clé d’identification des espèces de Diospyros du groupe Bernieriana 1. Marges des feuilles distinctement ondulées................. 2 1a. Marges des feuilles planes ou révolutées, pas distinctement ondulées (légèrement ondulées en matériel frais de D. hongwae)................................................................. 3 2. Apex du fruit complètement entouré par le calice; fruit sphérique; N et NE de Madagascar et des Îles Comores (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mayotte et Mohéli)........................................................................ 1. D. bernieriana 2a. Apex du fruit prolongé au-delà du calice; fruit ellipsoïde; Zombitsy, Tsihombe.................................... 5. D. silicea 3. Limbe foliaire plane ou à marges légèrement revolutées, surface abaxiale visible................................................. 4 3a. Limbe foliaire fortement révoluté, cachant beaucoup de la surface abaxiale sur au moins certaines feuilles........ 5 4. Limbe de la feuille la plus grande mesurant 2–4(–5) cm de long; apex du fruit entouré par le calice; partie libre du calice tubulaire; forêts occidentales, Bongolava à Kirindy................................................................. 7. D. torquata 4a. Limbe de la feuille la plus grande mesurant 11 –12 cm de long; apex du fruit dépassant le calice; partie libre du calice cupuliforme; Behefaka, Irarona (au S d’Ambilobe)................................................................ 3. D. hongwae 5. Feuilles elliptiques à obovales, limbe le plus large moins de 3 fois plus long que large, surface abaxiale glabre ou initialement portant un indument farineux, glabrescent; partie accrescente du calice en fruit entière; région d’Antsiranana jusqu’à Daraina............. 6. D. suarezensis 5a. Feuilles étroitement elliptiques ou étroitement oblongues à linéaires, parfois étroitement obovales, limbe le plus large au moins (3–)4–8 fois plus long que large, surface abaxiale portant un indument roux-farineux, parfois également sur la surface adaxiale, rarement glabre; partie accrescente du calice en fruit nettement lobée............. 6 6. Fleurs femelles étroitement ellipsoïdes, 11 – 15 mm de long, au moins 2 fois plus longues que larges; fruit mature 12– 16 × 7–10 mm, lobes du calice 6– 8 mm de long; extrême N de Madagascar.......... 4. D. ranirisonii 6a. Fleurs femelles ellipsoïdes à subsphériques, 5– 10 mm de long, à peine plus longues que larges; fruit mature 10–13 × 6 mm, lobes du calice 3 mm de long; parties centrale et sud de Madagascar.................. 2. D. danguyana

Lepidocupania globosa (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis globosa Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 114. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Bourail, les Montagnes Blanches, 12.X.1982, Suprin 2080 (P not found; iso-: L [L0013373]!, NOU [NOU006522]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania globosa is endemic to the west coast of Grande Terre, where it is restricted to sclerophyll forest (BOUCHET et al., 1995). Notes. – This species has been assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Vulnerable” (IUCN, 2020). See note under L. pennelii.

Lepidocupania fruticosa (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ��� Cupaniopsis fruticosa Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 588. 1879. Lectotypus (designated by ADEMA, 1991: 111): NEW CALEDONIA: sine loco, s.d., Pancher 142 (M [M0225246] image seen; iso-: MEL [MEL1539980] image seen, P [P05310069, P05310082, P05310086, P05310089]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� Lepidocupania fruticosa is endemic to the southwestern part of Grande Terre, where it grows in dense humid forest, usually on serpentinite, but sometimes also on schist or laterite, from 5 to 300(���900) m (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. ��� Based on our current knowledge on this species, additional taxonomic studies appear to be needed to clarify its circumscription. This should also include material currently assigned to L. subfalcata and L. tontoutensis (see below for additional details)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Neoarytera chartacea (Radlk.) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3F). ��� Arytera chartacea Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. K��nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. M��nchen 9: 553. 1879. Lectotypus (first step designated by TURNER, 1995: 167; second step designated here): NOUVELLE-CAL��DONIE. Prov. Sud: Port des Fran��ais pr��s de Noum��a, IX.1868, Balansa 147 (P [P00639108]!; isolecto-: K [K000701499 K000701500]!, M [M0225350, M0225351] images seen, NY [NY00038711] image seen, P [P00639109, P00639110]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� Neoarytera chartacea is endemic to the west coast of Grande Terre, where it grows in sclerophyll forest or various types of substrate, in particular limestone and serpentine (TURNER, 1995). Notes. ��� Three syntypes were cited in the protologue of Arytera chartacea: Balansa 147, 1442 and Pancher 610. TURNER (1995: 167) designated Balansa 147 as the lectotype. Original material at P is, however, mounted on three sheets, necessitating a second step lectotypification. Here we designate the most complete and best-preserved sheet [P 00639108] as the lectotype., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 280-281, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

2. Diospyros danguyana H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 4: 117. 1952. Lectotypus (designated by SCHATZ & LOWRY, 2011: 274): MADAGASCAR. Reg. Anosy [Prov. Toliara]: bassin supérieur du Mandrare (SE): mont Amboahangy, près d’Esira, [24°15'S 46°39'E], 1000–1150 m, 25.IX.1928, buds & ♀ fl., Humbert 6826 (P [P00573529]!; isolecto-: BR!, G [G00191501]!, K!, MO-6128543!, MO-6128571!, NY!, P [P00573530]!, PRE!, TAN!, TEF!). = Maba enervis H. Perrier in Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 4: 997. 1952.  Diospyros enervis (H. Perrier) G.E. Schatz & Lowry in Adansonia ser. 3, 33: 274. 2011. Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. Menabe [Prov. Toliara]: Ankilizato (bassin de Morondava), [20°25'S 45°03'E], VII.1917, buds, Perrier de la Bâthie 3010 (P [P00573700]!; iso-: P [P00541720]!), syn. nov. Vernacular name. – “Hazonamalo” (Andriamihajarivo 489). Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros danguyana is known from subarid thicket and forest on sand, sandstone, and lateritic substrates from Ambatofinandrahana in the east and Ankilizato in the west, south to Tolagnaro and north of Cap Sainte Marie (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 20–1800 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros danguyana has a geographic range in the form of an EOO of 125,261 km ² and a minimum AOO of 128 km ². It is present in the Analavelona, Andohahela, Isalo, and Makay protected areas. Outside of protected areas, it is threatened by fire and grazing. With respect to the principal threat of grazing, it exists at 29 locations. Therefore, D. danguyana can be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Least Concern” [LC]. Notes. – Maba enervis H. Perrier. ( Diospyros enervis (H. Perrier) G.E. Schatz & Lowry) is here placed into synonymy under D. danguyana. Described from the northwestern portion of the overall range of D. danguyana, and thus from the transition from subarid to dry bioclimates, M. enervis exhibits leaves that are somewhat less strongly revolute upon drying, but are otherwise identical to D. danguyana in shape and size, with identical fruit completely enclosed within the cylindrical-tubular accrescent calyx. Diospyros danguyana can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its linear leaves 4–8 times longer than wide, its elliptic to subspherical female flowers only slightly longer than wide, and its distinctly lobed accrescent calyx enclosing the fruit, the lobes 3 mm long. Additional material examined. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. Amoron’i Mania [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Ambatofinandrahana, PK 2 rte de Fenoarivo, rocailles de cipolins, [20°34'48"S 45°48'38"E], IX.1956, buds, Bosser 9799 (MO, P [3 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, 1600–1800 m, [20°35'S 45°48'E], 21.II.1938, fr., Decary 13136 (P [2 sheets]); ibid. loco, à quelques km au S, rte de Fenoarivo, [20°35'S 45°48'E], 3.XII.1964, ♀ fl., Service Forestier 23885 (MO, P [2 sheets], TEF). Reg. Androy [Prov. Toliara]: Ampilira (limite NE de l’Androy), [24°28'00"S 45°30'00"E], [450 m], 23.XI.1931, buds, Decary 9370 (MO, P [2 sheets]); env. d’Ampandrandava (entre Bekily et Tsivory), [24°05'S 45°42'E], 1945, buds, Seyrig 779 (P); ibid. loco, 1945, buds, Seyrig 779B (P); Maroakoho, colline gneissique, rive droite de la Menarandra, près de Tranoroa, [24°42'S 45°04'E], 14.XI.1967, ♀ fl., Service Forestier 27966 (MO, NY, P [2 sheets], TEF, WAG); Marovato, E sur la rte de Tsihombe au Cap Sainte-Marie, [25°35'S 45°09'E], 17.XII.1968, ♀ fl., Service Forestier 28532 (P [2 sheets]); rte from de Cap Sainte Marie to Tsihombe, c. 20 km from Cap Sainte Marie, 25°28'04"S 45°21'01"E, 28 m, 4.IV.2010, fr., De Block et al. 2434 (BR, MO, P); village d’Ankorakosy, au SSE de Tsihombe, [25°18'00"S 45°29'00"E], [20–50 m], 17.XII.1968, buds, Service Forestier 28523 (K, MO, P [2 sheets], TEF). Reg. Anosy [Prov. Toliara]: Analapatsy, fokontany Ambaribe, 25°10'23"S 46°39'19"E, 253 m, 17.II.2019, ster., Bernard et al. 2670 (DBEV, MO, P, TAN); Andohahela PN, Ambatoabo, Imonty-Evasia, en bas d’Apiky, 24°47'11"S 46°43'26"E, 680 m, 17.XII.2004, fr., Andriamihajarivo 489 (MO, P, TAN, TEF); ibid. loco, Parcel 2, [24°53'S 46°35'E], [120–1000 m], 20.X.1990, ♀ fl., Dumetz 1338 (MO, P); ibid. loco, Parcel 3, 25°01'06"S 46°38'13"E, 200–600 m, 17.XI.1990, ♀ fl., Dumetz 1418 (MO, P); ibid. loco, 25°01'12"S 45°38'18"E, 100–300 m, 8.IV.1993, fr., Randriamampionona 279 (MO, P); ibid. loco, au bord de la RN 13, 25°01'S 46°38'E, 100 m, 29.IV.1995, fr., Eboroke 1011 (MO, P); Mont Apiky au-dessus de Mahamavo, bassin de la Mananara, [24°47'S 46°44'E], 1.I.1934, fr., Humbert 13853 (K, MO, P [2 sheets], TAN); Mont Morahariva (Mahamena), vallée de la Manambolo, rive droite (bassin du Mandrare) aux env. d’Isomono (confluent de la Sakamalio), [24°32'06"S 45°37'48"E], 1000–1400 m 1.XII.1933, ster., Humbert 13217ter (P); Mont Vohipolaka, au N de Betroka, [23°08'S 45°05'E], XI.1933, ster., Humbert 11667ter (P); Mont Vohitrosy, vallée moyenne du Mandrare, près d’Anadabolava, [24°15'S 46°43'E], [800–850 m], XII.1933, fr., Humbert 12731 (MO, P [2 sheets]); PK 40 on RN 13 from Fort Dauphin to Ambovombe, 25°00'14"S 46°36'04"E, 28.III.2010, fr., De Block et al. 2378 (MO); rte Ambovombe-Ft. Dauphin, env. de Bevilany, [25°00'30"S 46°36'00"E], 100 m, 23.IX.1953, buds, Service Forestier 8494 (P, TEF); ibid. loco, S of Bevilany village, 25°01'S 46°36'E, 100 m, 27.III.1991, fr., Randrianasolo 203 (MO, TAN); ibid. loco, c. 60 road-km W of Tolagnaro, 24°59'S 45°33'E, 70 m, 24.V.1991, fr., Zarucchi et al. 7484 (MO, P); Vinanibe, [25°03'33"S 46°56'28"E], [100 m], 17.X.1990, ♀ fl., Dumetz 1320 (MO, P). Reg. Atsimo-Andrefana [Prov. Toliara]: Beroroha, 4 km avant Antsoa, sur crête, 21°15'33"S 45°09'52"E, 492 m, 4.XII.2010, buds, Andriantiana et al. 1024 (MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, forêt d’Anosilamy, 21°20'30"S 45°10'53"E, 448 m, 13.I.2010, fr., Razakamalala et al. 5164 (MO, P, TAN); Makay Massif, plateau to the W of Lake Anosilahy, 21°20'17"S 45°10'42"E, 607 m, 27.XI.2010, ♀ fl., Phillipson et al. 6256 (G, K, MO, P, TAN); massif d’Analavelona, bassin de la Mananadabo, [22°37'18"S 44°10'41"E], 1000–1300 m, 13.XII.1962, ster., Service Forestier 22196 bis (P). Reg. Ihorombe [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: entre Tametsoa et Sahanafo, au N de l’Isalo, [22°18'S 45°22'E], [700–1100 m], 30.I.1955, fr., Cours 5048 (P [2 sheets]); Kitranga, entre Ambararata et Ivandrika, 20 km au NE d’Ihosy, [22°17'S 46°18'E], 22.II.1970, fr., Service Forestier 29061 (K, MO, P [2 sheets], TAN); massif de Lalandrano (versant oriental), au N d’Ihosy, [22°21'00"S 45°07'30"E], 9.X.1964, ster., Service Forestier 23517 (K, MO, P [2 sheets], TEF); ibid. loco, [22°21'00"S 45°07'30"E], 800–1000 m, 9.X.1964, ♀ fl., SF 23521 (BR, G, MO, NY, P, TAN, TEF, WAG); massif de l’Isalo (col des Tapia), [22°33'S 45°20'E], 19.VI.1956, fr., Service Forestier 18582 (P); ibid. loco, 28.XI.1946, Humbert 19504 (MO); ibid. loco, [22°11'00"S 45°10'00"E –22°43'00"S 45°21'00"E], 514–1268 m, 24.I.1955, ster., Service Forestier 11649 (P [2 sheets]); ibid. loco (secteur N), montagne au S du Village de Sahanafa, vallée de la Sahanafy (affluent de la Malio), [22°20'S 45°18'E], 600–1000 m, 28.XI.1946, ♂ fl., Humbert 19501 (K, MO, P [3 sheets], TAN); Mont Vohipolaka (versant NW), au N de Betroka, [23°08'S 46°05'E], XI.1933, ♂ fl., Humbert 11635 (B, G, K, P [3 sheets], S); Vallée d’Ihosy, [22°23'58"S 45°08'10"E], VII.1911, fr., Perrier de la Bâthie 3008 (P). Reg. Menabe [Prov. Toliara]: Ankilizato (bassin de Morondava), [20°25'S 45°03'E], VII.1911, fr., Perrier de la Bâthie 3010 (P)., Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 206, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867, {"references":["MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / project / mada]"]}

Neoarytera chartacea (Radlk.) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3F). ≡ Arytera chartacea Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 9: 553. 1879. Lectotypus (first step designated by TURNER, 1995: 167; second step designated here): NOUVELLE-CALÉDONIE. Prov. Sud: Port des Français près de Nouméa, IX.1868, Balansa 147 (P [P00639108]!; isolecto-: K [K000701499 K000701500]!, M [M0225350, M0225351] images seen, NY [NY00038711] image seen, P [P00639109, P00639110]!). Distribution and ecology. – Neoarytera chartacea is endemic to the west coast of Grande Terre, where it grows in sclerophyll forest or various types of substrate, in particular limestone and serpentine (TURNER, 1995). Notes. – Three syntypes were cited in the protologue of Arytera chartacea: Balansa 147, 1442 and Pancher 610. TURNER (1995: 167) designated Balansa 147 as the lectotype. Original material at P is, however, mounted on three sheets, necessitating a second step lectotypification. Here we designate the most complete and best-preserved sheet [P 00639108] as the lectotype.

Lepidocupania arcuata (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Arytera arcuata Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 554. 1879. Lectotypus (designated by TURNER, 1995: 158): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Nouméa, X.1868, Balansa 150 (M [M0225363]!; isolecto-: FI [FI010518]!, NY [NY00038712, NY00038713]!, P [P00205443, P00205444]!). Distribution and ecology. – According to TURNER’s (1995) concept, Lepidocupania arcuata is endemic to the New Caledonian archipelago, where it occurs from sea level to 200 m, predominantly on calcareous soils (Loyalty Islands, Ile des Pins), but also on sand, clay and schist. It is found in mesophyll and sclerophyll forest and scrub. Notes. – Additional taxonomic analyses are required, especially with regard to material from the Loyalty Islands, which exhibits very peculiar indument compared to that from the main island of New Caledonia [Grande Terre]. Moreover, TURNER (1995) tentatively identified a specimen from Tonga (Parks 16317: L 0468503) as L. arcuata, which, if confirmed, would significantly expand the geographic range of this species.

Lepidocupania lepidota (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3C). ��� Arytera lepidota Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 555. 1879. Lectotypus (first step designated by TURNER, 1995: 182; second step designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Mont Dore, s.d., Pancher [Mus. N��ocal.] 222 (P [P00639113]!; isolecto-: C [C10018554] image seen, K [K000701492]!, MEL [MEL1586135] image seen; NY [NY00038710] image seen, P [P05310135]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� Lepidocupania lepidota is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is restricted to dense humid forest on ultramafic substrates, from 10 to 915 m. Most collections are from the main ultramafic massif of the south, although it is also recorded from a few isolated localities in the north, including Mont Do and Cap Bocage (TURNER, 1995), and more recently from Kantalupaik (MUNZINGER et al., 2018). Notes. ��� Seven syntype collections were cited in the protologue of Arytera lepidota: Balansa 1445, 2841, Baudouin 134 A, Pancher [Mus. N��ocal.] 222, Vieillard 205, and 206. TURNER (1995: 182) designated Pancher [Mus. Neocal.] 222 as the lectotype. The original material deposited at P is, however, mounted on two sheets, necessitating the second step lectotypification designated here, for which we have selected the most complete and best-preserved sheet [P00639113]., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

Lepidocupania glomeriflora (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3A). ��� Cupaniopsis glomeriflora Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 589. 1879. Lectotypus (first step designated by ADEMA, 1991: 116; second step designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Bourail, dans les bois, III.1869, Balansa 1447 (P [P00639131]!; isolecto-: P [P00639133, P00639134]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� Lepidocupania glomeriflora is endemic to New Caledonia, where it occurs on Grande Terre, the Ile des Pins, and the three larger Loyalty Islands (ADEMA, 1991; BUTAUD, 2014). It is found in maquis vegetation, dry to mesic forests, or forest remnants, along the coast, on hills or mountainsides, often along rivers, and occurs on calcareous substrates, serpentinite and schist, but appears not to favor peridotitic substrates and is completely absent from Grande Terre���s large southern ultramafic massif. Lepidocupania glomeriflora has been recorded from 10 to 500 m. Notes. ��� Nine syntype collections were cited in the protologue of Cupaniopsis glomeriflora: Balansa 153 p. p., 1447, Baudouin 354 p.p., ��� Culta in hort. Paris ���, Deplanche 83, Labillardi��re 169, Pancher 782, Vieillard 228, and 233. ADEMA (1991: 116) designated Balansa 1447 as the lectotype. Original material at P is, however, mounted on three sheets, necessitating the second step lectotypification designated here, for which we have selected the most complete and best-preserved sheet [P00639131]., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 276, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","BUTAUD, J. - F. (2014). Flore des iles Loyaute (Nouvelle-Caledonie): plantes patrimoniales, plantes envahissantes et espaces naturels remarquables. Rapport Conservation International, Noumea & Province des Iles Loyaute, Lifou."]}

Lepidocupania subfalcata (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ��� Cupaniopsis subfalcata Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 172. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: summit plateau Mt. Koniambo, 800���900 m, 31.III.1956, MacKee 4297 (L [L0013389]!; iso-: A [A00050713] image seen, K [K000701621]!, P [P05310065]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� When ADEMA (1991) published his monograph of Cupaniopsis, this species was thought to be endemic to Grande Terre and was known only from the type collection from Mt. Koniambo, between 800��� 900 m. However, one year later, Adema identified a second specimen to this species (Jaffr�� 2944) in L [L.2296660] from the M�� Ad��o road, about 100 km southeast of Koniambo. Notes. ��� The holotype of this species was initially identified by Guillaumin as C. sebertii Guillaumin, a name considered a synonym of C. fruticosa (��� Lepidocupania fruticosa) by ADEMA (1991). Our examination of the available herbarium material suggests that further taxonomic analysis is needed to clarify species delimitations within this group, which probably represents a species complex., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Lepidocupania pennelii (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis pennelii Guillaumin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 79: 338. 1932. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: env. de Bourail, 8.II.1950, Pennel 403 (P [P00639152]!; isolecto-: P [P00639153, P00639154]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania pennelii is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is restricted to the westcentral coastal area between Bourail and Moindou, and one site along the east coast at the same latitude, around Saint Pol. It grows in forests on limestone, from 20 to 100 m in elevation (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. – Cupaniopsis pennelii was described based on Pennel 403. Material of the collection at P is mounted on three sheets, but only one of them [P00639152] bears the name of Guillaumin’s new species in his own hand, and we therefore regard it as the holotype. Lepidocupania pennelii is morphologically similar to L. globosa and L. rosea (the latter known only from the type specimen), whose ecological preferences and distributions are nearly the same. They likely form a species complex and will require further taxonomic work., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Neoarytera Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, gen. nov. (Fig. 3D���F). Type: Neoarytera chartacea (Radlk.) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry (��� Arytera chartacea Radlk.). = Arytera subsect. Pacifica H. Turner in Blumea, Suppl. 9: 151. 1995. Type: Arytera collina Pancher & Sebert (��� Neoarytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry). Trees. Indument comprising short, straight, appressed trichomes; glandular scales absent; buds not ���varnished���. Leaves alternate, 1���4-jugate; leaflets opposite to subopposite, subsessile to petiolulate, margin entire. Inflorescences axillary or pseudo-terminal. Flowers actinomorphic, functionally unisexual; calyx 5-dentate, teeth equal; petals 5, with a distinct claw, scales minute, petal margin with minute enations; disc more or less distinctly five-lobed, rim subpilose; stamens (6���)8(��� 10), anthers basifixed; ovary (2 ���)3-locular. Fruit a capsule, with 1 or 2 well developed lobes, dehiscence loculicidal, central axis distinctly thickened, glabrous to puberulous and rugose to verrucose outside, pilose inside, calyx persistent; seed ellipsoid, sarcotesta covering all or sometimes only half of the seed (N. neoebudensis), fleshy-membranaceous, comprising a single layer. Radicle bearing trichomes, at least basally. Distribution. ��� Neoarytera comprises four species, three endemic to New Caledonia and one occurring on both New Caledonia and Vanuatu (Fig. 4). Notes. ��� Neoarytera is characterized by the distinctly thickened central axis of its fruit (vs. not thickened in Arytera and Cupaniopsis), petal scales comprising minute enations (vs. scales adnate to the margins of the petals or free from the petals in the other two genera), and its 3-, rarely 2-locular ovary and fruit (vs. ovary and fruit 2- or 3-locular in the two other genera). Arytera, as re-circumscribed here, can easily be distinguished by its 2-layered sarcotesta (vs. single-layer in Cupaniopsis and Neoarytera) (TURNER, 1995: 72). Finally, Cupaniopsis differs from Arytera and Neoarytera by having free or nearly free calyx lobes, which are usually 2-seriate, orbicular, elliptic or obovate, and concave (vs. calyx shortly cupular, the lobes toothed or divided, and usually ovate in the other two genera) (REYNOLDS, 1985a)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9.","REYNOLDS, S. T. (1985 a). Notes on Sapindaceae IV. Austrobaileya 2: 153 - 189."]}

Lepidocupania brackenridgei (A. Gray) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3B). ≡ Cupania brackenridgei A. Gray in Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 255. 1854. ≡ Arytera brackenridgei (A. Gray) Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 555. 1879. Holotypus: FIJI: Ovalau, 1838 – 1842, Wilkes s.n. (US [US 00095325] image seen; iso-: P [P00646032]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania brackenridgei is widespread in the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna (Horn Islands), Tonga and Samoa, where it occurs from sea level to 1050 m (ADEMA, 1991). This common species occurs in primary and secondary rainforest, but is also found in savannah; it grows on limestone and lava fields., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Neoarytera nekorensis (H. Turner) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Arytera nekorensis H. Turner in Blumea, Suppl. 9: 199. 1995. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: Poya, forêt de Nekoro, 16.VIII.1984, MacKee 42137 (L [L0013337]!; iso-: P [P00078650, P00078651]!). Distribution and ecology. – Neoarytera nekorensis is endemic to the Nekoro forest in the centre-west region of Grande Terre, where it grows in sclerophyll forest on black clay soil (TURNER, 1995). Notes. – This species has been assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Vulnerable” (IUCN, 2020)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9.","IUCN (2020). The IUCN Red List of threatened species. [https: // www. iucnredlist. org]"]}

Lepidocupania gracilipes (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Arytera gracilipes Radlk. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 38. 1924. Lectotypus (designated by TURNER, 1995: 181): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: “ montagnes de Panloïtch, près Gatop ”, s.d., Vieillard 2403 (K [K000701494]!; isolecto-: FI [FI010518]!, NY [NY00038712, NY00038713]!, M [M0225444] image seen, P [P00639134, P00639135, P 00639136, P 00639137, P 00639138, P 05310259, P05310260]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania gracilipes is endemic to Grande Terre, where it grows in gallery forest, continuous tall maquis (“maquis paraforestier”, see MCCOY et al., 1999 for details), and thickets on (rocky) serpentine terrain, and sometimes along streams on alluvium (TURNER, 1995). It seems to be restricted to serpentine, hyper-magnesium brown soils. The species has been recorded from sea level to 600 m., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 276, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9.","MCCOY, S. G., T. JAFFRE, F. RIGAULT & J. E. ASH (1999). Fire and succession in the ultramafic maquis of New Caledonia. J. Biogeog. 26: 579 - 594."]}

Lepidocupania arcuata (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ��� Arytera arcuata Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 554. 1879. Lectotypus (designated by TURNER, 1995: 158): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Noum��a, X.1868, Balansa 150 (M [M0225363]!; isolecto-: FI [FI010518]!, NY [NY00038712, NY00038713]!, P [P00205443, P00205444]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� According to TURNER���s (1995) concept, Lepidocupania arcuata is endemic to the New Caledonian archipelago, where it occurs from sea level to 200 m, predominantly on calcareous soils (Loyalty Islands, Ile des Pins), but also on sand, clay and schist. It is found in mesophyll and sclerophyll forest and scrub. Notes. ��� Additional taxonomic analyses are required, especially with regard to material from the Loyalty Islands, which exhibits very peculiar indument compared to that from the main island of New Caledonia [Grande Terre]. Moreover, TURNER (1995) tentatively identified a specimen from Tonga (Parks 16317: L 0468503) as L. arcuata, which, if confirmed, would significantly expand the geographic range of this species., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

Lepidocupania oedipoda (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis oedipoda Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 590. 1879. Lectotypus (first step designated by ADEMA, 1991: 146; second step designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: escarpements du Cougui [Koghi], 400 m, s.d., Pancher s.n. (P [P00639149]!; isolecto-: M [M0225258] image seen; P [P00639148, P00639150, P00639151]!). = Cupaniopsis ganophloea Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 590. 1879. Lectotypus (designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: “ Balade ”, 1855 – 1860, Veillard 230 (P [P00639147]!; probable isolecto-: P [P05309776]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania oedipoda is restricted to Grande Terre, extending to the northwest in the Belep archipelago (Art Island); it grows in maquis vegetation, humid forests, gallery forests, and forest remnants, often along streams, usually on hills or mountainsides, on serpentine, greywacke and schist, from sea level to 850 m (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. – Five syntypes were cited in the protologue of Cupaniopsis oedipoda: Balansa 153 p. p., 1441 and 2257, Baudouin 354 p.p. and Pancher s.n. ADEMA (1991: 146) designated Pancher s.n. as the lectotype. Original material of this collection at P is, however, mounted on four sheets, necessitating a second step lectotypification. Here we designate the fruiting material with a note in Radlkofer’s hand: “ Cupaniopsis oedipoda m. Radlk.” as the lectotype. Cupaniopsis ganophloea was described based on four syntypes: Labillardière s.n., Pancher 777, Vieillard 227, 230 and 231. The most complete and best-preserved material bearing, in Radlkofer’s hand, “ Cupaniopsis ganophloea m. Radlk.” is [P05309776]. This collection has no label data and could represent material of either Veillard 230 or 231. Veillard 230 in P [P00639147] only has a few fruits with the note “ Cupaniopsis ganophloea m. Radlk.” in Radlkofer’s hand. We prefer to designate the later sheet as lectotype and consider [P05309776] as a probable isolectotype., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Lepidocupania rosea (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis rosea Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 159. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: 5 km E of Col de Crève-Coeur on road between Canala and Thio, c. 350 m, 27.IX.1979, McPherson 1905 (L [L0013386]!; iso-: MO [MO 260721]!, NOU [NOU 006557]!, P [P05213006]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania rosea is only known from the type specimen, collected on Grande Terre, near Nakety, in a forest around 350 m. Notes. – See note under Lepidocupania pennelii.

Lepidocupania inoplea (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis inoplea Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 589. 1879. Lectotypus (designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: Mt. Poum, V.1871, Balansa 3307 (P [P00639140]!; isolecto-: P [P00639141, P00639142]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania inoplaea, as circumscribed by ADEMA (1991), is endemic to the archipelago of New Caledonia, where it occurs in the northwestern part of Grande Terre and two of the Loyalty Islands (Lifou and Maré). It is found in maquis vegetation and gallery forest on serpentinite and schist, from sea level to 700 m. Notes. – Cupaniopsis inoplea was described based on Balansa 3307. Original material at P is mounted on three sheets, two of which [P00639140, P00639141] bear the following note in Radlkofer’s hand: “ Cupaniopsis inoplaea m. Radlk.” Here we designate the most complete and best-preserved of these two sheets [P00639140] as the lectotype. It has come to our attention that the original spelling of the epithet, ‘ inoplea ’, was changed to ‘ inoplaea ’ by GUILLAUMIN (1948) and ADEMA (1991), but the rules of nomenclature do not justify this change, and we therefore retain the original spelling, as proposed by RADLKOFER (1879b). ADEMA (1991) did not indicate that this species grows on calcareous substrate, although two collections cited in his monograph from the Loyalty Islands (Schmid 677 and MacKee (Leg. Suprin) 43447) were gathered without doubt from calcareous sites. Further study will be needed to determine whether these collections belong to Lepidocupania inoplea or another species.

3. Diospyros hongwae G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Fig. 1B–D, 2). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: env. d’Iraro (vallée de l’Ifasy), [13°24'S 48°55'E], 50 m, IV.1951 [31.III.1951], ♀ fl., fr., Service Forestier 3075 (P [P03975005]!; iso-: MO-6956006!, G [G00341733]!, P [P00722702]!, TEF!, W!). Diospyros hongwae G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its large lamina (to 12 × 4.9 cm) with a flat margin and subspherical fruit slightly exserted above the cupuliform calyx, i.e., the apex of the fruit visible. Shrub to tree 4– 15 m tall. Young stems initially sparsely to moderately densely covered with appressed, very short (Leaves 4–12 × 1.4–4.9 cm, elliptic, glabrous above and below, glossy above, base acute to cuneate, margin flat (weakly undulate in fresh material), apex acuminate, the acumen to 11 mm, rounded, midrib slightly impressed above, raise below, venation weakly brochidodromous with 8–10 secondary veins per side, flat to slightly raised above and below, faintly visible, tertiary venation indistinct; petiole 7–11 mm, 1 mm diam., canaliculate, initially sparsely to moderately densely covered with appressed, very short (Male flowers not seen. Female flowers solitary in the axils of leaves and fallen leaves; pedicel 2–3 mm long, 2–3 mm diam., bearing several bracts (based upon bract scars), densely covered with very short, erect, light golden to gray trichomes; flowers ellipsoid at anthesis, calyx fully fused, adnate to the receptacle, the apex entire, 7–8 mm long, 6 mm in diam., glabrous outside, densely covered with very short, erect light golden to gray trichomes inside; calyx rapidly expanding post anthesis, extending an additional 4 mm, cupuliform; corolla tubular, 15 mm long, 4 mm in diam., lobes 4, ovate, 5 × 4 mm, apex acute, adaxially concave, densely covered with very short, appressed trichomes outside, glabrous inside; staminodia c. 18, inserted at base of corolla tube, filaments 3 mm, the distal 1 mm free, antherodes 1.5 mm, ovary subspherical, crowned by conical style, the stigma 4-lobed, lobes 1.5 mm long. Pedicel in fruit expanding to 4– 5 mm in diam., with a distinct apical rim to 6 mm in diam., the apex convex. Receptacle in fruit to 3 mm thick at base. Fruit subspherical, the apex slightly exserted above the prolonged cupuliform calyx, i.e., visible, c. 10–12 mm in diam., densely covered with short (c. 0.5 mm), appressed, light golden trichomes, crowned by the style/stigma remnant, cone-shaped, 2– 4 mm tall, 2 mm in diam. at base, densely covered with shorter (c. 0.2 mm) semi-appressed darker golden trichomes. Etymology. – The species epithet honors our colleague and good friend Cynthia Hong-Wa, who brought order to the large and complex genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae). Vernacular name. – “Ambavy” (Hong-Wa 317). Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros hongwae is known from only three gatherings in dry forest on sandstone and alluvial soils along rivers south of Ambanja (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 50– 236 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros hongwae has a restricted geographic range in the form of an EOO and AOO of 0.263 km ². It is not known from within any protected area, and is threatened by forest clearing for agriculture, grazing, fire, and exploitation for firewood and construction material, all of which are projected to result in continuing decline. With respect to the principal threat of forest clearing for agriculture, it exists at two locations. Therefore, D. hongwae can be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Endangered” [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv, v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. Notes. – The collections Humbert & Capuron 25932 and Service Forestier 3075 represent a single gathering divided between two separate collection series. Diospyros hongwae can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its large leaves with flat margins (weakly undulate in fresh material) and its subspherical fruit, the apex of which is slightly exserted above the prolonged cupuliform calyx and thus visible. Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Ambakirano, Behefaka, Anjahana, 13°20'55"S 49°10'45"E, 236 m, 7.VI.2005, fr., Hong-Wa 317 (MO, P); ibid. loco, 13.XII.2018, fr., Randrianaivo et al. 3298 (MO, P, TAN); vallée de l’Ifasy, en aval d’Anaborano, grès et alluvions, [13°24'S 48°55'E], 50–200 m, 31.III.1951, ♀ fl., fr., Humbert & Capuron 25932 (G, MO, P [2 sheets])., Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 208-210, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867, {"references":["MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / project / mada]"]}

Neoarytera nekorensis (H. Turner) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Arytera nekorensis H. Turner in Blumea, Suppl. 9: 199. 1995. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: Poya, forêt de Nekoro, 16.VIII.1984, MacKee 42137 (L [L0013337]!; iso-: P [P00078650, P00078651]!). Distribution and ecology. – Neoarytera nekorensis is endemic to the Nekoro forest in the centre-west region of Grande Terre, where it grows in sclerophyll forest on black clay soil (TURNER, 1995). Notes. – This species has been assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Vulnerable” (IUCN, 2020).

Lepidocupania guillauminii (Kaneh.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Mischocarpus guillauminii Kaneh. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 672. 1932. ≡ Cupaniopsis guillauminii (Kaneh.) Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 121. 1991. Holotypus: CAROLINE ISLANDS: Truk [Chuuk] atoll, VI.1931, Kanehira 1268 (FU; iso-: A [A00050841] image seen, BISH [BISH1004940] image seen, P [P05301428]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania guillauminii is endemic to Chuuk atoll in the Caroline Islands, where it grows in lowland evergreen forests on volcanic soil and humus (ADEMA, 1991). Note. – While ADEMA (1991: 122) noted that the available material of this species is rather incomplete and that it resembles both L. concolor and L. samoensis, he recognized it as distinct based on several differences in the amount of indument and in features of the fruits., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 277, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Neoarytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3D). ≡ Cupania collina Pancher & Sebert in Rev. Marit. Colon. 41: 205. 1874. ≡ Arytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Radlk. in Not. Syst. (Paris) 2: 10. 1911. Lectotypus (first step designated by TURNER, 1995: 169; second step designated here): NEW CALEDONIA: sine loco, s.d., Pancher [Bois] 79 (P [P00639111]!; isolecto-: P [P00639112, P05310137, P05310138]!). = Arytera pachyphylla Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 9: 554. 1879. Lectotypus (designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: “environs de Nouméa, Pont des Français ”, 1861 – 1867, Deplanche 280 [Vieillard 2391] (P [P06598871]!; isolecto-: K [K000701502]!, G [G 00341933, G00341934]!, P [P05310258, P05310262, P06598866, P06598867, P06598869, P06598870, P06599102]!). Distribution and ecology. – Neoarytera collina is endemic to New Caledonia, where it occurs on the southwestern coast of Grande Terre, Ile des Pins, and Maré Island in the Loyalties. It grows in sclerophyll forest on various types of substrate, in particular limestone and serpentine (TURNER, 1995). Notes. – TURNER (1995: 169) designated Pancher [Bois] 79 as the lectotype, since it was cited by PANCHER & SEBERT (1874: 270) as material associated to Cupania collina when they described it in their Notice sur les bois de la Nouvelle Calédonie. Original material at P is mounted on four sheets, necessitating a second step lectotypification, for which we have here chosen the most complete and best-preserved sheet [P00639111]. Six syntypes were cited in the protologue of Arytera pachyphylla: Balansa 148, Baudouin 690, Deplanche 280, 447, Pancher [Mus. Néocal.] 215, 778 and Vieillard 247. TURNER (1995: 169) cited only two of these syntypes, Baudouin 690 and Deplanche 280. Original material of these two collections at P is, however, mounted on three sheets, from among which we designate the most complete and best-preserved collection of Deplanche 280 as the lectotype [P06598871].

5. Diospyros silicea G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Fig. 4). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Region Atsimo-Andrefana [Prov. Toliara]: forêt de Zombitsy (= Zombitse-Vohibasia) (Sakaraha), [22°52'52"S 44°41'22"E], 600 – 850 m, 26 – 29.III.1955, fr., Humbert, Bégué & Capuron 29598 (P [P03974999]!; iso-: G [G00341735]!, MO-6956010!, P [P00722704]!, TAN!, W!). Diospyros silicea G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its leaves with distinctly undulate margins and its ellipsoid fruit with the apex exserted above the calyx. Tree 5–10 m tall. Young stems initially covered with erect, very short (Leaves 2.4–7.8 × 1.2–2.7 cm, elliptic, glabrous above and below, base cuneate, margin distinctly undulate and somewhat revolute, apex acute to acuminate with the tip rounded, midrib slightly impressed above, raised below, venation weakly brochidodromous with 6 secondary veins per side, slightly raised and faintly visible above, completely obscure below; petiole 3–7 mm, 0.7 mm diam., canaliculate, initially covered with very short (Male flowers in fascicles of 3 or 4 in axils of leaves, ellipsoid, 4 – 5 mm long, 2.5– 3 mm in diam. in bud; pedicels 1 mm long, 0.5 mm in diam, covered with very short (Female flowers not seen. Pedicel in fruit 2–3 mm long, to 4–5 mm in diam., covered with very short (Fruit 15–18 mm long, 9–14 mm in diam., ellipsoid, the apex exserted above the calyx, glabrous to densely covered toward the apex with short (Etymology. – The species epithet refers to the weathered siliceous sand substrate where the new species occurs. Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros silicea is known from only two gatherings in subarid forest and thicket on siliceous sand from Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park south to Tsiombe (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 250– 850 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros silicea has a restricted geographic range in the form of an AOO of 8 km ². It is present from the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park. At its other known locality, east of Tsiombe, it is threatened by grazing, fire, and exploitation for firewood and construction material, all of which are projected to result in continuing decline. With respect to the principal threat of grazing, it exists at two locations. Therefore, D. silicea can be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Endangered” [EN B2ab(iii)]. Notes. – The two collections Humbert et al. 29598 and Service Forestier 11918 represent a single gathering divided between two separate collection series. Diospyros silicea can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its leaves with distinctly undulate margins, and its ellipsoid fruit exserted above the calyx with shallow irregular lobes. Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. Androy [Prov. Toliara]: env. E de Tsiombe, [25°18'45"S 45°30'15"E], 70 m, 14.XI.1967, buds, Service Forestier 27981 (MO, P, TEF). Reg. Atsimo-Andrefana [Prov. Toliara]: forêt de Zombitsy, à l’Est de Sakaraha, [22°52'52"S 44°41'22"E], [600–850 m], III.1955, fr., Service Forestier 11918 (G, MO, NY, P [2 sheets], TEF, US)., Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867, {"references":["MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / project / mada]"]}

5. Diospyros silicea G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Fig. 4). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Region Atsimo-Andrefana [Prov. Toliara]: forêt de Zombitsy (= Zombitse-Vohibasia) (Sakaraha), [22°52'52"S 44°41'22"E], 600 – 850 m, 26 – 29.III.1955, fr., Humbert, Bégué & Capuron 29598 (P [P03974999]!; iso-: G [G00341735]!, MO-6956010!, P [P00722704]!, TAN!, W!). Diospyros silicea G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its leaves with distinctly undulate margins and its ellipsoid fruit with the apex exserted above the calyx. Tree 5–10 m tall. Young stems initially covered with erect, very short (Leaves 2.4–7.8 × 1.2–2.7 cm, elliptic, glabrous above and below, base cuneate, margin distinctly undulate and somewhat revolute, apex acute to acuminate with the tip rounded, midrib slightly impressed above, raised below, venation weakly brochidodromous with 6 secondary veins per side, slightly raised and faintly visible above, completely obscure below; petiole 3–7 mm, 0.7 mm diam., canaliculate, initially covered with very short (Male flowers in fascicles of 3 or 4 in axils of leaves, ellipsoid, 4 – 5 mm long, 2.5– 3 mm in diam. in bud; pedicels 1 mm long, 0.5 mm in diam, covered with very short (Female flowers not seen. Pedicel in fruit 2–3 mm long, to 4–5 mm in diam., covered with very short (Fruit 15–18 mm long, 9–14 mm in diam., ellipsoid, the apex exserted above the calyx, glabrous to densely covered toward the apex with short ( Etymology. – The species epithet refers to the weathered siliceous sand substrate where the new species occurs. Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros silicea is known from only two gatherings in subarid forest and thicket on siliceous sand from Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park south to Tsiombe (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 250– 850 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros silicea has a restricted geographic range in the form of an AOO of 8 km ². It is present from the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park. At its other known locality, east of Tsiombe, it is threatened by grazing, fire, and exploitation for firewood and construction material, all of which are projected to result in continuing decline. With respect to the principal threat of grazing, it exists at two locations. Therefore, D. silicea can be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Endangered” [EN B2ab(iii)]. Notes. – The two collections Humbert et al. 29598 and Service Forestier 11918 represent a single gathering divided between two separate collection series. Diospyros silicea can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its leaves with distinctly undulate margins, and its ellipsoid fruit exserted above the calyx with shallow irregular lobes. Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. Androy [Prov. Toliara]: env. E de Tsiombe, [25°18'45"S 45°30'15"E], 70 m, 14.XI.1967, buds, Service Forestier 27981 (MO, P, TEF). Reg. Atsimo-Andrefana [Prov. Toliara]: forêt de Zombitsy, à l’Est de Sakaraha, [22°52'52"S 44°41'22"E], [600–850 m], III.1955, fr., Service Forestier 11918 (G, MO, NY, P [2 sheets], TEF, US).

Lepidocupania tontoutensis (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis tontoutensis Guillaumin in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot. 4: 19. 1953. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: cours moyen de la Tontouta, rive droite, c. 50 m, 14.I.1945, Virot 1448 (P [P00639164]!; iso-: P [P00639165]!). = Cupaniopsis rotundifolia Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 160. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: colline surplombant la Tontouta, 25.VIII.1984, Jaffré 2531 (NOU [NOU006556]!; iso-: P [P00639156, P00639158]!), syn. nov. Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania tontoutensis is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is restricted to the Tontouta River valley. It is found in maquis vegetation on serpentine substrate, mostly alluvium, between 20 and 100 m (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. – Cupaniopsis tontoutensis was described based on Virot 1448. Original material at P is, however, mounted on two sheets, only one of which [P00639164] bears the name of Guillaumin’s new species in his own hand, along with the word “type”. We regard this specimen as the holotype. Cupaniopsis rotundifolia Adema was only known from the type specimen from the Tontouta River valley, with ecological and edaphic preferences similar to those of C. tontoutensis (≡ Lepidocupania tontoutensis), as mentioned by ADEMA (1991: 161), who wrote: “Probably closely related to C. fruticosa and C. tontoutensis ”. Cupaniopsis tontoutensis was said to differ from C. rotundifolia by its fewer, wider leaflets with the secondary venation oriented at a wider angle to the midrib, and by the stiff trichomes on the endocarp of its fruits. However, several recent collections made in the lower Tontouta River valley as part of a study of rare species from this area (D’ANGELO, 2017) show a perfect continuum in leaflet shape (as exemplified by Lannuzel & D'Angelo 49 [MPU312290], Lannuzel & D'Angelo 34 [MPU091683], and Lannuzel & D'Angelo 39 [MPU312292]) and fruits (cf. Lannuzel & D'Angelo 32 [MPU312293]), with leaves clearly corresponding to L. tontoutensis and the presence of stiff trichomes on the endocarp. We have therefore placed C. rotundifolia in synonymy under L. tontoutensis., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","D'ANGELO, S. (2017). Ecologie et conservation de trois especes rares et menacees de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Memoire de Master. Universite de Lorraine-UMR ECOFOG, Kourou & IAC, Paita."]}

Lepidocupania globosa (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis globosa Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 114. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: Bourail, les Montagnes Blanches, 12.X.1982, Suprin 2080 (P not found; iso-: L [L0013373]!, NOU [NOU006522]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania globosa is endemic to the west coast of Grande Terre, where it is restricted to sclerophyll forest (BOUCHET et al., 1995). Notes. – This species has been assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Vulnerable” (IUCN, 2020). See note under L. pennelii., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 276, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["BOUCHET, P., T. JAFFRE & J. M. VEILLON (1995). Plant extinction in New Caledonia: protection of sclerophyll forests urgently needed. Biodivers. Conserv. 4: 415 - 428.","IUCN (2020). The IUCN Red List of threatened species. [https: // www. iucnredlist. org]"]}

3. Diospyros hongwae G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Fig. 1B–D, 2). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: env. d’Iraro (vallée de l’Ifasy), [13°24'S 48°55'E], 50 m, IV.1951 [31.III.1951], ♀ fl., fr., Service Forestier 3075 (P [P03975005]!; iso-: MO-6956006!, G [G00341733]!, P [P00722702]!, TEF!, W!). Diospyros hongwae G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its large lamina (to 12 × 4.9 cm) with a flat margin and subspherical fruit slightly exserted above the cupuliform calyx, i.e., the apex of the fruit visible. Shrub to tree 4– 15 m tall. Young stems initially sparsely to moderately densely covered with appressed, very short (Leaves 4–12 × 1.4–4.9 cm, elliptic, glabrous above and below, glossy above, base acute to cuneate, margin flat (weakly undulate in fresh material), apex acuminate, the acumen to 11 mm, rounded, midrib slightly impressed above, raise below, venation weakly brochidodromous with 8–10 secondary veins per side, flat to slightly raised above and below, faintly visible, tertiary venation indistinct; petiole 7–11 mm, 1 mm diam., canaliculate, initially sparsely to moderately densely covered with appressed, very short (Male flowers not seen. Female flowers solitary in the axils of leaves and fallen leaves; pedicel 2–3 mm long, 2–3 mm diam., bearing several bracts (based upon bract scars), densely covered with very short, erect, light golden to gray trichomes; flowers ellipsoid at anthesis, calyx fully fused, adnate to the receptacle, the apex entire, 7–8 mm long, 6 mm in diam., glabrous outside, densely covered with very short, erect light golden to gray trichomes inside; calyx rapidly expanding post anthesis, extending an additional 4 mm, cupuliform; corolla tubular, 15 mm long, 4 mm in diam., lobes 4, ovate, 5 × 4 mm, apex acute, adaxially concave, densely covered with very short, appressed trichomes outside, glabrous inside; staminodia c. 18, inserted at base of corolla tube, filaments 3 mm, the distal 1 mm free, antherodes 1.5 mm, ovary subspherical, crowned by conical style, the stigma 4-lobed, lobes 1.5 mm long. Pedicel in fruit expanding to 4– 5 mm in diam., with a distinct apical rim to 6 mm in diam., the apex convex. Receptacle in fruit to 3 mm thick at base. Fruit subspherical, the apex slightly exserted above the prolonged cupuliform calyx, i.e., visible, c. 10–12 mm in diam., densely covered with short (c. 0.5 mm), appressed, light golden trichomes, crowned by the style/stigma remnant, cone-shaped, 2– 4 mm tall, 2 mm in diam. at base, densely covered with shorter (c. 0.2 mm) semi-appressed darker golden trichomes. Etymology. – The species epithet honors our colleague and good friend Cynthia Hong-Wa, who brought order to the large and complex genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae). Vernacular name. – “Ambavy” (Hong-Wa 317). Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros hongwae is known from only three gatherings in dry forest on sandstone and alluvial soils along rivers south of Ambanja (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 50– 236 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros hongwae has a restricted geographic range in the form of an EOO and AOO of 0.263 km ². It is not known from within any protected area, and is threatened by forest clearing for agriculture, grazing, fire, and exploitation for firewood and construction material, all of which are projected to result in continuing decline. With respect to the principal threat of forest clearing for agriculture, it exists at two locations. Therefore, D. hongwae can be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Endangered” [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv, v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. Notes. – The collections Humbert & Capuron 25932 and Service Forestier 3075 represent a single gathering divided between two separate collection series. Diospyros hongwae can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its large leaves with flat margins (weakly undulate in fresh material) and its subspherical fruit, the apex of which is slightly exserted above the prolonged cupuliform calyx and thus visible. Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Ambakirano, Behefaka, Anjahana, 13°20'55"S 49°10'45"E, 236 m, 7.VI.2005, fr., Hong-Wa 317 (MO, P); ibid. loco, 13.XII.2018, fr., Randrianaivo et al. 3298 (MO, P, TAN); vallée de l’Ifasy, en aval d’Anaborano, grès et alluvions, [13°24'S 48°55'E], 50–200 m, 31.III.1951, ♀ fl., fr., Humbert & Capuron 25932 (G, MO, P [2 sheets]).

Lepidocupania myrmoctona (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis myrmoctona Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 588. 1879. Lectotypus (designated by ADEMA, 1991: 140; second step designated here): NEW CALEDONIA: sine loco, s.d., Labillardière s.n. (G [G00019027]!; isolecto-: FI [FI006799 FI006840]!, G [G00341584, G00341590]!, K). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania myrmoctona is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is abundant along the east coast and grows in dense humid forest, mostly on nonultramafic substrate (schist), but it has also been recorded in montane ecosystems in the main southern ultramafic massif (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. – Cupaniopsis myrmoctona was described based on “Labillardière (Hb. Webb, Hook., Deless.)” (RADLKOFER, 1879b: 588). ADEMA (1991: 140) designated material from G as the lectotype. A second step lectotypification is, however, required because the original material at G comprises three sheets originating from three different herbaria: Delessert [G00019027], Moricand [G00341590], and Ventenat [G00341584]. Ventenat’s herbarium was originally part of the Delessert herbarium (CALLMANDER et al., 2017) and both [G00019027] and [G00341584] are annotated in Radlkofer’s hand: “ Cupaniopsis myrmoctona m. Radlk.”. Here we designate the most complete and best-preserved sheet [G00019027], originating from the Delessert herbarium, as the lectotype., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","RADLKOFER, L. (1879 b). Ueber Cupania und damit verwandte Pflanzen. Sitzungsber. Math. - Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 9: 457 - 678.","CALLMANDER, M. W., O. D. DURBIN, H. W. LACK, P. BUNGENER, P. MARTIN & L. GAUTIER (2017). Etienne-Pierre Ventenat (1757 - 1808) and the gardens of Cels and Empress Josephine. Candollea 72: 87 - 132."]}

7. Diospyros torquata H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 4: 112. 1952. Lectotypus (designated by SCHATZ & LOWRY, 2011: 280): MADAGASCAR. Reg. Boeny [Prov. Mahajanga]: baie d’Amboanio, près de Majunga, II.1911, fr., Perrier de la Bâthie 1823 (P [P00573702]!). = Diospyros torquata var. mabaoides H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci Madag., sér. B, 4: 112 (1952). Lectotypus (designated by SCHATZ & LOWRY, 2011: 280): MADAGASCAR. Reg. Boeny [Prov. Mahajanga]: près de la mer, Majunga, I.1929, ♀ fl., fr., Perrier de la Bâthie 13468 (P [P00573703]!; isolecto-: P [P00573704, P00573705]!). Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros torquata is distributed in dry deciduous forest on sand from Boriziny south to the Kirindy forest north of Morondava (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 0– 242 m. Vernacular names. – “Hazomalandy” (Ramananjanahary 52); “Hazomintina” (Service Forestier 34798); “Kehazalahy” (Service Forestier 19040). Conservation status. – Diospyros torquata has a geographic range in the form of an EOO of 74,659 km ² and a minimum AOO of 60 km ². It is present in the Ankarafantsika National Park. At other localities, it is threatened by fire, forest clearing for agriculture, grazing, and exploitation for firewood and construction material, all of which are projected to result in continuing decline. With respect to the principal threat of forest clearing for agriculture, it exists at fourteen locations. Diospyros torquata can therefore be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Near Threatened” [NT], as it nearly qualifies for “Vulnerable” under criterion B2 (IUCN, 2012). Notes. – Diospyros torquata can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its flat lamina and fruit completely enclosed within the accrescent calyx (Fig. 6C), the portion extending above the fruit tubular to narrowly conical and unlobed. The var. mabaoides was described to accommodate 6-locular fruit, which nevertheless exhibited a 4-merous corolla, variation that PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1952b) had observed within the population at the baie d’Amboanio, the type locality of D. torquata. The type collection of Diospyros torquata was incorrectly cited in the protologue as Perrier de la Bâthie 1923 (PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE, 1952a). Additional material examined. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. Betsiboka [Prov. Mahajanga]: Tsinainaondry, près Antaliha, 12.II.1958, fr., Service Forestier 19040 (P [2 sheets]). Reg. Boeny [Prov. Mahajanga]: Ambatoboeny, Tsaramandroso, 18.IV.2007, fr., Miandrimanana et al. 100 (MO, P, TAN); Ankarafantsika AP, 25.II.2019, ster., Randrianaivo & Rakotovao 3347 (DBEV, MO, P, TAN, ZT); ibid. loco, 4.IV.1933, fr., Service Forestier 55 (P); ibid. loco, 30.III.1952, fr., Service Forestier 5485 (P, TEF); Antsanitia, 7.I.2000, fr., Rakotonasolo 130 (K, P, TAN); Benetsy, 1965, ster., Service Forestier 24274 (G, MO, P, TEF); Mahajanga, 24.XI.1965, fr., Service Forestier 24303 (P [3 sheets], TEF); ibid. loco, 24.XI.1965, ♂ fl., Service Forestier 24298 (MO, P [2 sheets]); ibid. loco, 25.II.2019, ster., Randrianaivo & Rakotovao 3348 (DBEV, MO, P, TAN, ZT); Tsimaloto, Marovoay, 18.II.1997, Service Forestier 34798 (TEF); Vallée du Menavava, XII.1905, fr., Perrier de la Bâthie 8777 (P [2 sheets]). Reg. Melaky [Prov. Mahajanga]: Ankiloty, 22.II.1957, fr., Service Forestier 16713 (MO, P, TEF); Beanka, 17.III.2012, fr., Hanitrarivo et al. 356 (G, MO, P). Reg. Menabe [Prov. Toliara]: Kirindy Forest, 13.II.2010, fr., Phillipson et al. 6146 (G, K, MO, P, TAN). Reg. Sofia [Prov. Mahajanga]: S de Boriziny, 16.XI.2004, fr., Ramananjanahary 52 (MO, P, TEF)., Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 216, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867, {"references":["MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / project / mada]","IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge.","PERRIER DE LA BATHIE, H. (1952 b). Ebenacees. In: HUMBERT, H. (ed.), Fl. Madagascar Comores 165.","PERRIER DE LA BATHIE, H. (1952 a). Revision des Ebenacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madag., ser. B, Biol. Veg. 4: 93 - 154."]}

Neoarytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3D). ��� Cupania collina Pancher & Sebert in Rev. Marit. Colon. 41: 205. 1874. ��� Arytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Radlk. in Not. Syst. (Paris) 2: 10. 1911. Lectotypus (first step designated by TURNER, 1995: 169; second step designated here): NEW CALEDONIA: sine loco, s.d., Pancher [Bois] 79 (P [P00639111]!; isolecto-: P [P00639112, P05310137, P05310138]!). = Arytera pachyphylla Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. Cl. K��nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. M��nchen 9: 554. 1879. Lectotypus (designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: ���environs de Noum��a, Pont des Fran��ais ���, 1861 ��� 1867, Deplanche 280 [Vieillard 2391] (P [P06598871]!; isolecto-: K [K000701502]!, G [G 00341933, G00341934]!, P [P05310258, P05310262, P06598866, P06598867, P06598869, P06598870, P06599102]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� Neoarytera collina is endemic to New Caledonia, where it occurs on the southwestern coast of Grande Terre, Ile des Pins, and Mar�� Island in the Loyalties. It grows in sclerophyll forest on various types of substrate, in particular limestone and serpentine (TURNER, 1995). Notes. ��� TURNER (1995: 169) designated Pancher [Bois] 79 as the lectotype, since it was cited by PANCHER & SEBERT (1874: 270) as material associated to Cupania collina when they described it in their Notice sur les bois de la Nouvelle Cal��donie. Original material at P is mounted on four sheets, necessitating a second step lectotypification, for which we have here chosen the most complete and best-preserved sheet [P00639111]. Six syntypes were cited in the protologue of Arytera pachyphylla: Balansa 148, Baudouin 690, Deplanche 280, 447, Pancher [Mus. N��ocal.] 215, 778 and Vieillard 247. TURNER (1995: 169) cited only two of these syntypes, Baudouin 690 and Deplanche 280. Original material of these two collections at P is, however, mounted on three sheets, from among which we designate the most complete and best-preserved collection of Deplanche 280 as the lectotype [P06598871]., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

Lepidocupania rosea (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis rosea Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 159. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: 5 km E of Col de Crève-Coeur on road between Canala and Thio, c. 350 m, 27.IX.1979, McPherson 1905 (L [L0013386]!; iso-: MO [MO 260721]!, NOU [NOU 006557]!, P [P05213006]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania rosea is only known from the type specimen, collected on Grande Terre, near Nakety, in a forest around 350 m. Notes. – See note under Lepidocupania pennelii., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901

Neoarytera Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, gen. nov. (Fig. 3D–F). Type: Neoarytera chartacea (Radlk.) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry (≡ Arytera chartacea Radlk.). = Arytera subsect. Pacifica H. Turner in Blumea, Suppl. 9: 151. 1995. Type: Arytera collina Pancher & Sebert (≡ Neoarytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry). Trees. Indument comprising short, straight, appressed trichomes; glandular scales absent; buds not “varnished”. Leaves alternate, 1–4-jugate; leaflets opposite to subopposite, subsessile to petiolulate, margin entire. Inflorescences axillary or pseudo-terminal. Flowers actinomorphic, functionally unisexual; calyx 5-dentate, teeth equal; petals 5, with a distinct claw, scales minute, petal margin with minute enations; disc more or less distinctly five-lobed, rim subpilose; stamens (6–)8(– 10), anthers basifixed; ovary (2 –)3-locular. Fruit a capsule, with 1 or 2 well developed lobes, dehiscence loculicidal, central axis distinctly thickened, glabrous to puberulous and rugose to verrucose outside, pilose inside, calyx persistent; seed ellipsoid, sarcotesta covering all or sometimes only half of the seed (N. neoebudensis), fleshy-membranaceous, comprising a single layer. Radicle bearing trichomes, at least basally. Distribution. – Neoarytera comprises four species, three endemic to New Caledonia and one occurring on both New Caledonia and Vanuatu (Fig. 4). Notes. – Neoarytera is characterized by the distinctly thickened central axis of its fruit (vs. not thickened in Arytera and Cupaniopsis), petal scales comprising minute enations (vs. scales adnate to the margins of the petals or free from the petals in the other two genera), and its 3-, rarely 2-locular ovary and fruit (vs. ovary and fruit 2- or 3-locular in the two other genera). Arytera, as re-circumscribed here, can easily be distinguished by its 2-layered sarcotesta (vs. single-layer in Cupaniopsis and Neoarytera) (TURNER, 1995: 72). Finally, Cupaniopsis differs from Arytera and Neoarytera by having free or nearly free calyx lobes, which are usually 2-seriate, orbicular, elliptic or obovate, and concave (vs. calyx shortly cupular, the lobes toothed or divided, and usually ovate in the other two genera) (REYNOLDS, 1985a).

A key to the newly circumscribed Arytera, Cupaniopsis and allied genera The following key is adapted from REYNOLDS (1985b). 1. Calyx lobes free (sometimes sepals basally united), orbicular, elliptic or obovate, concave.................................... 2 1a. Calyx shortly cupular, the lobes toothed or partite, usually ovate............................................................................ 4 2. Scales absent from petals............................ Lepiderema 2a. Scales present on petals............................................... 3 3. Scales present on vegetative and fertile organs.............................................................................. Lepidocupania 3a. Scales absent from vegetative and fertile organs................................................................................ Cupaniopsis 4. Petal scales crested............................................. Synima 4a. Petal scales not crested................................................ 5 5. Petal scales adnate to the petal margin or free from the petals; central axis of fruit not thickened.......... Arytera 5a. Petal scales comprising minute enations; central axis of fruit distinctly thickened............................. Neoarytera, Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 273, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["REYNOLDS, S. T. (1985 b). Sapindaceae. In: GEORGE, A. S. (ed.), Fl. Australia 25: 4 - 215."]}

Lepidocupania Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, gen. nov. (Fig. 3A���C). Type: Lepidocupania lepidota (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry (��� Arytera lepidota Radlk.). = Cupaniopsis sect. Mizopetalum Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. K��nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. M��nchen 9: 588. 1879. Type: Cupaniopsis fruticosa Radlk. (��� Lepidocupania fruticosa (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry) (lectotype designated by ADEMA, 1991: 60). = Arytera sect. Azarytera Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. Cl. K��nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. M��nchen 9: 554. 1879. Type: Arytera arcuata Radlk. (��� Lepidocupania arcuata (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry) (lectotype designated by TURNER, 1995: 151). Trees or shrubs. Indument of short, straight, patent or appressed trichomes; glandular scales present on vegetative parts, inflorescence axes, pedicels, abaxial surface of calyx, pistil, and fruits; buds ���varnished���. Leaves alternate, 1��� 12-jugate; leaflets opposite to alternate, subsessile to petiolulate, margin entire to coarsely dentate. Inflorescences axillary or pseudo-terminal. Flowers zygomorphic or actinomorphic (in L. arcuata, L. brackenridgei, L. gracilipes, and L. lepidota), functionally unisexual; sepals (4 ���)5(��� 6), free and imbricate or united (in L. arcuata, L. brackenridgei, L. gracilipes, and L. lepidota) to form a dentate calyx cup; petals 5 (4 in L. glomeriflora), with 2 distinct scales; disc lobed or not (in L. arcuata, L. brackenridgei, L. gracilipes, and L. lepidota), rim glabrous to pilose; stamens (6���)8���9, anthers basifixed; ovary 2���3-locular. Fruit a capsule, with 2���3 well developed lobes, rarely 1 (in L. concolor, L. guillauminii, and L. samoensis), dehiscence loculicidal, glabrous to puberulous and rugose to verrucose outside, glabrous to pilose inside; seed ellipsoid or ovoid to globose, sarcotesta covering half to all of the seed, flesh-membranaceous. Distribution. ��� Lepidocupania comprises 21 species occurring in the Caroline Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu (Fig. 4). Notes. ��� Lepidocupania shares the presence of lepidote scales on its vegetative and reproductive organs with Lepiderema. However, Lepidocupania can easily be distinguished from Lepiderema by the presence (vs. absence) of petal and ovary scales, and it differs from Cupaniopsis by the presence (vs. absence) of glandular scales on its vegetative and fertile organs., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 273-274, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

Neoarytera neoebudensis (Guillaumin) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3E). ��� Cupaniopsis neoebudensis Guillaumin in J. Arnold Arbor. 12: 241. 1931. ��� Arytera neoebudensis (Guillaumin) H. Turner in Blumea 9: 200. 1995. Holotypus: VANUATU. Prov. Taf��a: Erromango Isl., Dillon Bay, 8.VI.1928, Kajewski 381 (A; iso-: BISH, BRI [BRIAQ0031093]!, K [K000701498]!, NY, P [P00639281]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� Neoarytera neoebudensis, as currently circumscribed, occurs in New Caledonia (Grande Terre and the Loyalty islands), Walpole Island, and Vanuatu. It grows on rocky slopes near lagoons and in lowland evergreen forests on volcanic soils (TURNER, 1995)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

6. Diospyros suarezensis G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Fig. 5, 6A–B). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: forêt d’Orangea [Oronjia], along the dirt track near the remains of the French fort on hill above Ramena, 12°15'01"S 49°21'39"E, 50 m, 20.I.2003, fr., Miller et al. 10724 (MO-6883922!; iso-: P [P01031025]!, G [G00341891]!, TAN!, W!). Diospyros suarezensis G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its small (0.8–2.7 × 0.3–1.6 cm) elliptic to obovate leaves with revolute margins, the broadest blade less than 3 times longer than wide, the adaxial surface of the lamina glossy, the abaxial surface glabrous or initially with white farinose indument and then glabrescent, its female flowers obconical, with the apex of the calyx entire, the calyx strongly accrescent in fruit to 8–9 mm long. Shrub to tree 1.5– 5 m tall. Young stems densely covered with erect, very short (Leaves 0.8–2.7 × 0.3–1.6 cm, elliptic to obovate, glabrous and glossy above, glabrous or initially with white farinose indumentum and then glabrescent below, base acute to obtuse, margin revolute to strongly revolute and then obscuring much of the abaxial lamina surface, apex obtuse to rounded, the very tip rounded, midrib flat to slightly impressed above, slightly raised below, venation weakly brochidodromous with 3–4 secondary veins per side, flat to slightly raised above, only faintly visible above and below, tertiary venation indistinct; petiole 1–3 mm, 0.8 mm diam., canaliculate, densely covered with erect, very short (Male flowers not seen. Female flowers solitary in the axils of leaves and fallen leaves; pedicel 0.5–1 mm long, 0.7 mm diam., bearing several bracts densely covered with very short, appressed, light golden to gray trichomes; flowers obconical at anthesis, calyx fully fused, obconical, 4–5 mm long, 2 mm diam. at base to 3–3.5 mm in diam. at apex, the apex entire, densely covered with rufous farinose trichomes and very short, appressed light golden to gray trichomes outside, very densely covered with very short semi-appressed light golden trichomes inside, glabrescent outside; calyx rapidly expanding post anthesis, extending an additional 4– 9 mm, with visible venation, the apex entire; corolla tubular to slightly obconical, 5 mm long, 2 mm in diam. at base to 2.5 mm diam. at apex, glabrous for basal 2/3, densely covered with very short appressed trichomes for apical 1/3, lobes 3 or 4, broadly ovate, 2.5 × 2 mm, apex obtuse, densely covered with very short, appressed trichomes outside, glabrous inside; staminodia 4, inserted toward the apex of corolla tube, filaments adnate to corolla, 3 mm, the, antherodes 1 mm, ovary obovoid to subspherical, 2 mm tall, 2 mm in diam., densely covered with short appressed trichomes, crowned by the cylindrical style, 2 mm tall, 0.5 mm diam., densely covered with short appressed trichomes. Pedicel in fruit expanding to 2 mm long, 3–5 mm in diam. Fruit 9–12 mm in diam., subspherical, initially enclosed within the prolonged calyx until it breaks off, densely covered with short (c. 0.5 mm), appressed, light golden trichomes toward the apex, crowned by the style/stigma remnant, narrowly cone-shaped, 2 mm tall, 0.8 mm in diam. at base. Vernacular names. – “Beando beravina” (Christian et al. 67); “Jaobiampototra” (Razafitsalama 593); “Kirandrambiavy madiniky” (Be et al. 126); “Sarimina” (Ratovoson 2105). Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros suarezensis is known from dry forest on sand in the DIANA region from Oronjia south to Irodo (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 0– 280 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros suarezensis has a restricted geographic range in the form of an EOO of 439 km ² and a minimum AOO of 68 km ². It is present in the Ambodivahibe Marine Reserve and Oronjia protected areas. Outside of protected areas, it is threatened by grazing, fire, and exploitation for firewood and construction material, all of which are projected to result in continuing decline. With respect to the principal threat of fire, it exists at 16 locations. Therefore, D. suarezensis can be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Near Threatened” [NT], as it nearly qualifies as “Vulnerable” under Criteria B1 and B2 (IUCN, 2012). Notes. – Diospyros suarezensis can be distinguished from other members of the Bernierana group by its small elliptic to obovate leaves with revolute margins, and its subspherical fruit enclosed within the accrescent calyx lacking lobes. Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Ambararata, 12°16'47"S 49°22'37"E, 72 m, 12.XII.2015, buds, Ratovoson 2105 (MO, P, TAN [+ 2 sheets]); ibid. loco, 12°16'36"S 49°22'07"E, 60 m, 13.II.2005, fl., Schatz 4234 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); Ambodivahibe, forêt littorale d’Ampio, 12°23'4"S 49°26'23"E, 10 m, 19.V.2005, fr., Ramananjanahary et al. 309 (MO, P, TAN); Andrafiabe, 3 km au NW d’Ambolobozokely, 12°25'59"S 49°30'07"E, 34 m, 16.VI.2005, fr., Be et al. 126 (MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 12°26'00"S 49°30'08"E, 16 m, 28.XII.2008, fr., Christian et al. 67 (CNARP, MO, TAN); ibid. loco, 4 km au N d’Ambolobozobe, 12°29'00"S 49°31'25"E, 10 m, 8.II.2005, fr., Ratovoson et al. 929 (G, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 2 km au NW du village, 12°26'15"S 49°29'15"E, 11.XII.2007, fl., Rakotoarisoa 767 (K, TAN); Andrafiakely, Ambolobozokely, Ampasimena, à 2 km au NW du village, 12°26'15"S 49°29'39"E, 11.XII.2007, fr., Rakotonandrasana 1264 (MO, P, TAN); Ankarongana (Korangana), Irodo, Analafondro forest, 12°37'47"S 49°31'15"E, 55 m, 24.II.2006, ster., Birkinshaw et al. 1593 (MO, P, TAN); Ankorikakely, rte Ramena, PK 10.5, 12°17'59"S 49°21'21"E, 5 m, 11.V.2005, fr., Ratovoson et al. 978 (G, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 12°17'18"S 49°21'27"E, 0 m, 16.II.2005, fr. Schatz et al. 4337 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); à l’E d’Antsiranana, [12°16'S 49°22'E], 22.II.1962, fr., Service Forestier 20941 (MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, [12°16'00"S 49°22'00"E], 25.II.1964, fr., Service Forestier 23259 (MO, P [2 sheets], TEF); Baie des Dunes, 12°14'27"S 49°22'26"E, 10 m, 17.V.2004, fr., Razafitsalama et al. 593 (MO, P, TAN); forêt d’Analafondro, à la base du plateau de Sahafary (sur la rive gauche du Rodo inf.), [12°37'S 49°29'E], 1.V.1966, fr., Service Forestier 24710 (MO, P [2 sheets], TEF); forêt de Matsaborimaiky, 12°15'31"S 49°22'05"E, 22.I.2014, ♀ fl., Randrianaivo et al. 2437 (BR, G, MO, TEF); forêt E de Diego-Suarez, 12°22'S 49°21'23"E, X.1975, Rakotozafy 1517 (TAN); Irodo, 12°38'03"S 49°31'48"E, 53 m, 27.V.2005, fr., Hong-Wa et al. 227 (MO, P, TAN); Oronjia, 12°14'11"S 49°21'51"E, 41 m, 27.I.2014, fr, Rabarijaona et al. 526 (BR, K, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, [12°15'S 49°23'E], 27.IV.1963, fr., Service Forestier 22727 (G, MO, P [2 sheets], TEF); ibid. loco (au S), prés d’Ivovona, [12°19'S 49°23'E], 15.XII.1963, ster., Service Forestier 22965 (MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 15.XII.1963, ♂ fl., Service Forestier 22966 (G, MO, P, TEF, W); Ramena (2 km à l’E du village), 12°15'05"S 49°22'01"E, 12.I.2005, fr., Randrianaivo et al. 1144 (G, MO, P, TAN); Sahafary, Sadjoavato, Saharenana ambany, 12°35'05"S 49°27'22"E, 205 m, 5.XII.2006, fr., Andriamihajarivo et al. 1036 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 12°36'26"S 49°26'43"E, 280 m, 8.I.2007, ♂ fl., Ratovoson et al. 1170 (MO, P, TAN); Tanneverse, PK 10, rte de Ramena, 12°17'58"S 49°21'20"E, 18.X.2013, fr., Rakotoarisoa & Andriamahay 3258 (K, MO, P, TAN, TEF)., Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867, {"references":["MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / project / mada]","IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge."]}

4. Diospyros ranirisonii G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Fig. 3). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: forêt de Sahafary 20.II.1962, fr., Service Forestier 20972 (P [P03974996]!; iso-: MO-6956009!, G [G00341734]!, K!, P [P00722703]!, TEF [TEF000892]!, W!). Diospyros ranirisonii G.E. Schatz, Lowry & Phillipson can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its linear to narrowly oblong leaves with strongly revolute margins, the abaxial surface of the lamina obscured on many leaves, its female flowers narrowly ellipsoid, 11–15 mm long, at least 2 times longer than wide, with the apex of the calyx lobed, and its mature fruit 12–16 × 7–10 mm, the lobes of the calyx 6–8 mm long. Tree 5 – 10 m tall, to 30 cm DBH. Young stems initially densely covered with erect, very short (Leaves 0.9–4.4 × 0.3–0.8 cm, narrowly elliptic to linear, occasionally narrowly obovate, initially densely covered above and below with rufous farinose trichomes with a gray stellate/lepidote base, glabrescent, glossy above, base acute to cuneate, margin strongly revolute, the underside of the leaf often completely obscured, apex acute with the tip rounded, midrib slightly impressed above, raised below, covered with gray farinose trichomes, venation absent; petiole 2–4 mm, 0.8 mm diam., canaliculate, initially densely covered with rufous farinose trichomes and very short (Male flowers solitary in axils of leaves, narrowly ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid; pedicels 2 mm long, 1 mm in diam., usually curved, densely covered with rufous farinose trichomes and very short (Female flowers solitary in the axils of leaves and fallen leaves; pedicel 2–3 mm long, 2 mm diam., with 4 minute distichous bracteoles, densely covered with rufous farinose trichomes and very short (Pedicel in fruit expanding to 4–5 mm in diam. Fruit 12–16 mm long, 7–10 mm in diam., ellipsoid, initially enclosed within the prolonged calyx until it breaks off, glabrous to densely covered toward the apex with short (Etymology. – The species epithet honors Patrick Ranirison, who made many important collections from the Loky Manambato protected area while pursuing his doctoral studies and played a leading role in the establishment of the new Ampasindava and Galoko-Kalobinono protected areas. Vernacular name and uses. – “Mapingo” (Andriambolonera & Bernard 275). Wood is used for the manufacture of furniture (Andriambolonera & Bernard 275). Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros ranirisonii is known from dry forest on sand in the far north in DIANA and SAVA regions from the Sahafary forest south to the Bobankora forest (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 50– 230 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros ranirisonii has a geographic range in the form of an EOO of 760 km ² and a minimum AOO of 32 km ². It is present in the Loky-Manambato protected area. At other localities, it is threatened by fire, forest clearing for agriculture, grazing, and exploitation for firewood and construction material, all of which are projected to result in continuing decline. With respect to the principal threat of forest clearing for agriculture, it exists at seven locations. Diospyros ranirisonii can therefore be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. Notes. – Diospyros ranirisonii can be distinguished from other members of the Bernieriana group by its narrowly elliptic to linear leaves with strongly revolute margins, initially densely covered with rufous farinose indumentum, narrowly ellipsoid female flowers at least 2 times longer than wide, and lobed calyx enclosing the fruit, the lobes 6–8 mm long in fruit. Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: forêt d’Analafondro, 26.II.1964, fr., Service Forestier 23322 (FHO, G, K, MO, P [2 sheets], TAN, TEF, US, W); ibid. loco, 7.II.1966, ♂ fl., Service Forestier 24522 (G, MO, P, TAN, TEF), ibid.loco, 7.II.1966, ♀ fl., Service Forestier 24523 (G, MO, P [2 sheets], TAN, TEF, W). Reg. SAVA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Ampondra, 3.X.2013, fr., Rabarijaona et al. 326 (K, MO, P, TAN); Loky Manambato AP, 27.IX.2013, ster., Andriambololonera & Bernard 275 (MO, TAN); ibid. loco, 16.IV.2004, fr., Ranirison 668 (G, MO, P); ibid. loco, 14.IX.2013, fr., Onjalalaina et al. 21 (BR, K, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 11.II.2004, fr., Ranirison & Nusbaumer 417 (G, MO); ibid. loco, 6.III.2003, fr., Gautier et al. 4241 (G, MO, P); ibid. loco, 9.III.2004, fr., Gautier et al. 4506 (G, MO, P)., Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 210-212, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867, {"references":["MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / project / mada]"]}

Lepidocupania squamosa (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis squamosa Adema in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, 10: 264. 1989. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: massif de la Tiébaghi, c. 550 m, 21.XII.1983, McPherson 6176 (MO [MO 2 6 0 7 2 0]!; iso-: L [L0013387]!, NOU [NOU006555]!, P [P00639157]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania squamosa is endemic to Grande Terre, where it grows in dense maquis-like scrub vegetation on serpentine, from 200 to 600 m (ADEMA, 1991, and recent collections) and on isolated ultramafic mountains of the northeast (Boulinda, Kopéto, Tiébaghi, and Poum). Notes. – Lepidocupania squamosa was assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Endangered” by JAFFRÉ et al. (1998). Since this assessment was conducted, a large portion of the vegetation on the Tiébaghi massif has been cleared for mining, which has surely led to further population decline (especially concerning since this area contained the largest subpopulation of L. squamosa)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","JAFFRE, T., P. BOUCHET & J. M. VEILLON (1998). Threatened plants of New Caledonia: is the system of protected areas adequate? Biodivers. Conserv. 7: 109 - 135."]}

1. Diospyros bernieriana (Baill.) H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 4: 154. 1952.  Olax bernieriana Baill. in Adansonia 3: 121. 1862. Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: “In Malacassia, Diégo Suarez”(= Madagascar, Antsiranana), s.d., fr., Bernier 259 ‘A’ (P [P00573708]!; iso-: P [P00573568]!). = Diospyros hildebrandtii Gürke in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: 312. 1892.  Diospyros haplostylis var. hildebrandtii (Gürke) H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 4: 135. 1952. Lectotypus (designated here): MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: “Vavatobé”, II.1880, fr., Hildebrandt 3319 (P [P00573728]!; isolecto-: G [G00341339, G00341340]!, JE [JE00000257, JE00000258] image seen, M [M0105326] image seen, P [P00573729]!, US [US00113447] image seen, W [W-18890089177] image seen). Vernacular names. – “Jobiampototra” (Leopold 142); “Kirandrambiavy” (Be et al 100, 125; Service Forestier 6274); “Kirandrambiavy vavy” (Christian et al. 71); “Luangati mainty” (Barthelat et al. 331); “Mampingo” (Andriamihajarivo et al. 1067); “Mapingo” (Service Forestier 5581); “Tamtam hazou” (Barthelat et al. 331); “Tongozo lolo” (Pascal 943). Distribution and ecology. – Diospyros bernieriana is known from dry to subhumid forest on both sand and calcareous substrates from Oronjia south to Vohemar along the east coast of Madagascar and Mahajanga along the west coast, as well as from Mayotte, Mwali and Grande Comore (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), at an elevation of 0– 432 m. Conservation status. – Diospyros bernieriana has a geographic range in the form of an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 188,912 km ² and a minimum Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 148 km ². It is present in the Andrafiamena Andavakoera, Ankarana, Antrema, Loky Manambato, Montagne des Français, and Oranjia protected areas. Outside of protected areas, it is threatened by fire, forest clearing for agriculture, grazing, and exploitation for firewood and house construction material. With respect to the principal threat of forest clearing for agriculture, it exists at 35 locations. Therefore, D. bernieriana can be assessed for its risk of extinction as “Least Concern” [LC]. Notes. – Diospyros bernieriana is one of only three Malagasy members of the genus that are not endemic to the island (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020). It is characterized by leaves with distinctly undulate margins and a calyx in fruit that completely encloses the fruit (Fig. 1A). Two sheets of Bernier 259 are deposited in the Paris herbarium, one of which is annotated “ Olax bernieriana H. Bn. ” in Baillon’s hand, which we take to be the holotype. A second sheet of Bernier 259 with the original label is a mixture, comprising a small branch of D. bernieriana and a second branch that is clearly assignable to D. haplostylis Boivin ex Hiern. This sheet has an annotation label prepared by Perrier de la Bâthie indicating that he assigned it to D. haplostylis var. hildebrandtii, and indeed he cited Bernier 259 under that name. In order to avoid any possible confusion, we have therefore annotated the material belonging to D. bernieriana as Bernier 259 ‘A’ and that to D. haplostylis as Bernier 259 ‘B’. The holotype of D. hildebrandtii at B was destroyed. We have therefore selected the best preserved of the two sheets at P as the lectotype. Additional material examined. – COMOROS. Anjouan (Ouani): sine loco, 100 m, 28.XI.1963, ♂ fl., Service Forestier 21748 (P). Grande Comore (Ngazidja): inter Mitsamiouli et Ivoini, [11°22'20"S 43°20'40"E], 10 m, 3.XII.1967, ♂ fl., Bernardi 11692 (G, MO, P, US). Moheli (Mwali): Djando, Itasmia, Chissiwa Madahani, 22.XI.1999, fr., Labat et al. 3193 (CNDRS, G, K, MO, P); Hamavouno, Lac de Boundouni, 26.V.2006, fr., Labat 3701 (MO, P); Wanani, Itsamia, au dessus de Boundouni, 26.XI.1999, ♂ fl., Labat et al. 3232 (CNDRS, G, K, MO, P). MADAGASCAR. Reg. Boeny [Prov. Mahajanga]: Ambalakida, forêt à l’W Alanandriamisasa, 20.IV.2007, fr., Miandrimanana et al. 114 (MO, P, TAN); Antrema, IV.2011, Ranaivoson et al. 12-0063/V (DBEV); forêt d’Antsahanitia, 19.II.2010, fr., Silo National des Graines Forestières (SNGF) 2443 (K, P, TAN). Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Andavakoera, 9.I.2006, fr., Leopold et al. 142 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); Andrafiabe, presqu’île entre Ambolobozobe et Ambolobozokely, 9.II.2005, fr., Ratovoson 975 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, Ampasimena, 28.XII.2008, fr., Christian et al. 71 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 16.VI.2005, fr., Be 125 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); Ankarana, 29.IV.1966, fr., Service Forestier 24732 (G, K, MO, P); Ankerika, 7.II.1966, ♀ fl., Service Forestier 24537 (G, K, MO, P, TEF); baie des Sakalaves, 13.III.1988, fr., Cheek & Rakotozafy 1485 (K, MO, P, TAN); aux env. de la Baie de Rigny et à Diégo-Suarez, s.d., ster., Richard 112 (P); sur la piste d’Ambilobe à Ambakirano, [13°14'S 49°09'E], 9.III.1964, fr., Service Forestier 23415 (MO, P); à l’E. de Diego-Suarez, 25.II.1964, fr., Service Forestier 23253 (MO, P); ibid. loco, 23.I.2005, fr., Ratovoson et al. 768 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 15.XII.1963, ♂ fl., Service Forestier 22957 (MO); ibid. loco, 15.XII.1963, ♀ fl., fr., Service Forestier 22958 (G, K, MO, P, TEF, WAG); forêt d’Ambararata, 13.II.2005, fr., Schatz et al. 4256 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); forêt d’Ankonahona, 25.I.2007, fr., Rakotonandrasana et al. 1152 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); forêt de Sahafary, 15.II.2005, fr., Schatz et al. 4298 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); forêt Orangéa, 30.III.2015, fr., Tombonirina 77 (MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 15.XII.1963, buds, Service Forestier 22958 (G, K, MO, P, TEF, WAG); Mahavanona, Mahagaga, Ampitiliantsambo, 12.VI.2004, fr., Razafitsalama et al. 602 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); Montagne des Français, 13.XII.2006, buds, Andriamihajarivo & et al. 1067 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 24.III.1955, ♂ fl., Service Forestier 13138 (TEF); Ambato massif, 16.II.1993, fr., Birkinshaw 232 (MO, P); Nosy Voanio, 18.III.2006, fr., Razafitsalama 957 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); Oranjia, 14.I.2011, fr., Schatz et al., 4342 (MO); ibid. loco, 26.III.2019, fr., Randriamahazomanana 25 (MO, P, TAN); Ambodivahibe, 18.V.2005, fr., Be 100 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 19.V.2005, fr., Ramananjanahary et al. 311 (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); rte de Ramena, 18.X.2013, fr., SNGF 3258 (K, MO, P, TAN, TEF). Reg. SAVA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Loky Manambato, 6.X.2013, ster., Manjakahery et al. 455 (MO, TAN); ibid. loco, 6.X.2013, ster., Manjakahery et al. 479 (MO, TAN); ibid. loco, 11.V.2004, fr., Rabehevitra et al. 958 (MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 2.XI.2002, buds, Rabenantoandro & et al. 1102 (G, MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 24.II.2003, fr., Rabevohitra et al. 4522 (G, MO, P); ibid. loco, 10.VII.2003, buds, Razakamalala 529 (MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 7.IV.2004, fr., Ranirison 573 (MO, P); ibid. loco, 1.XII.1952, fr., Service Forestier 6274 (MO, P, TEF); S de Vohemar, 13.III.1967, fr., Service Forestier 27478 (MO, P, TEF). Reg. Sofia [Prov. Mahajanga]: Ambanja, 15.VIII.1952, fr., Service Forestier 5581 (P, TEF). MAYOTTE. Cant. Bouéni: Passi Keli, 18.I.1997, fr., Pascal 865 (K, MO, NY, P, WAG); Rassi Maoussi, 17.V.1999, fr., Mas 179 (K, MO, P). Cant. Dembeni: Sohoa, 28.VI.1997, fr., Pascal 943 (MO, P). Cant. Dzaoudzi: Labattoir, 15.I.2002, ♀ fl., Barthelat & Al Sifari 698 (G, K, MO, P). Cant. Mamoudzou: Îlot Bouzi, 14.III.2001, fr., Barthelat et al. 331 (G, K, MAO, MO, P); ibid. loco, 26.IX.2001, fr., Barthelat et al. 528 (P)., Published as part of Schatz, George E., Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Phillipson, Peter B., 2020, Taxonomic studies of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from the Malagasy region. V. Synoptic revision of the Bernieriana group in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 203-218 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 205-206, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a5, http://zenodo.org/record/5724867, {"references":["MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo. [http: // www. tropicos. org / project / mada]"]}

Lepidocupania mouana (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis mouana Guillaumin in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot. 15: 109. 1967. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: Mt. Mou, 8.II.1950, Baumann-Bodenheim [leg. Baas Becking] 6036 (P [P05256547]!; iso-: L [L0484153]!, Z [Z-000028070] image seen). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania mouana is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is restricted to Mont Mou in the southwest. ADEMA (1991) cited a single specimen, the holotype, collected in 1951, while an additional collection was made in 2009 (Grignon & Munzinger 256). This species grows in continuous tall maquis (“maquis paraforestier”, see MCCOY et al., 1999 for details) dominated by species of Gymnostoma L.A.S. Johnson, on peridotitic substrate. Note. – Lepidocupania mouana was assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Endangered” [EN] by JAFFRÉ et al. (1998).