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Hill, David E. (2023): Some anomalies in the development of jumping spider eyes (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 291 (1): 1-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7616444, {"references":["Chang et al. 2001. Ting Chang, Julie Mazotta, Karin Dumstrei, Andra Dumitrescu and Volker Hartenstein. Accepted 5 SEP 2001. Dpp and Hh signaling in the Drosophila embryonic eye field. Development 128: 4691-4704.","Gabriel & Sherwood 2020. Ray Gabriel and Danniella Sherwood. 20 JUN 2020. Further cases of conjoining anomaly in theraphosid spiders (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Acta Arachnologica 69 (1): 27-30.","Gest 2000. Thomas R. Gest. Learning Modules - Medical Gross Anatomy. Anatomical Orientation - Page 6 of 9. Online at: https:// anatomy.elpaso.ttuhsc.edu/modules/anatomical_orientation_module/anat_orient06.html","Hill 2022. David E. Hill. 12 FEB 2022. Neurobiology and vision of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 255.1: 1-81.","Janeschik et al. 2022. Matthias Janeschik, Magdalena Ines Schacht, Fabian Platten and Natascha Turetzek. 17 FEB 2022. It takes two: discovery of spider Pax2 duplicates indicates prominent role in chelicerate central nervous system, eye, as well as external sense organ precursor formation and diversification after neo- and subfunctionalization. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10 (810077): 1-20.","Jimenez & Llinas 2002. Maria-Luisa Jimenez and Jorge Llinas. Accepted 17 MAY 2002. Revision of ocular anomalies in epigean spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) with notes on four new records. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologica 73 (2): 241-250.","Malin & Desplan 2021. Jennifer Malin and Claude Desplan. 28 JUN 2021. Neural specification, targeting, and circuit formation during visual system assembly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 118 (28): e2101823118: 1-12.","Napiorkowska et al. 2017. Teresa Napiorkowska, Julita Templin and Katarzyna Wolczuk. Morphology and the central nervous system of Eratigena atrica affected by a complex anomaly in the anterior part of the prosoma. Invertebrate Neuroscience 17 (11): 1-4.","Schomberg et al. 2015. Christoph Schomburg, Natascha Turetzek, Magdalena Ines Schacht, Julia Schneider, Phillipp Kirfel, Nikola-Michael Prpic and Nico Posnien. Molecular characterization and embryonic origin of the eyes in the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. EvoDevo 6 (15): 1-13."]}

C., Abhijith A. P., Hill, David E. (2023): Brood nest of Piranthus planolancis (Araneae: Salticidae: Baviini). Peckhamia 290 (1): 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7569690, {"references":["Caleb & Sanap 2017. John T. D. Caleb and Rajesh V. Sanap. 31 AUG 2017. Rediscovery of Piranthus decorus Thorell 1895 (Araneae: Salticidae) after 122 years since the original description. Acta Arachnologica 66 (1): 25-29.","Maddison et al. 2020. Wayne P. Maddison, Imara Beattie, Kiran Marathe, Paul Y. C. Ng, Nilani Kanesharatnam, Suresh P. Benjamin and Krushnamegh Kunte. 16 DEC 2020. A phylogenetic and taxonomic review of baviine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Baviini). ZooKeys 1004: 27-97.","Malamel et al. 2019. Jobi J. Malamel, Karunnappilli Shamsudheen Nafin, Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar and Pothalil A. Sebastian. Two new species of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from the genera Epeus Peckham et Peckham, 1886 and Piranthus Thorell, 1895 from India. Arthropoda Selecta 28 (2): 267-276.","Proszynski 1984. Jerzy Proszynski. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo- Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1-177.","Nafin et al. 2020. Karunnappilli S. Nafin, Wayne P. Maddison and Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar. 14 JUN 2020. The first described male of the Asian jumping spider genus Piranthus Thorell, 1895 (Araneae: Salticidae: Baviini). Peckhamia 207.1: 1-7.","Thorell 1895. T. Thorell. Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. London: 1-406."]}

Hill, David E. (2023): Archetypes of the jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) as derived by intelligent machines. Peckhamia 288 (1): 1-30, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522509, {"references":["Ai 2021. Shireen Ai. 13 JAN 2021. Dada and Surrealism, in brief. Online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 348437078_ Dada_and_Surrealism_in_Brief","Bang & Shim 2018. Duhyeon Bang and Hyunjung Shim. Improved training of Generative Adversarial Networks using representative features. Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, Stockholm, Sweden PMLR 80, 2018.","Bartos 2022. Maciej Bartos. Visual prey categorization by a generalist jumping spider. The European Zoological Journal 89 (1): 1312-1324.","Chen et al. 2021. Hanting Chen, Yunhe Wang, Tianyu Guo, Chang Xu, Yiping Deng, Zhenhua Liu, Siwei Ma, Chunjing Xu, Chao Xu and Wen Gao. 8 NOV 2021. Pre-trained image processing transformer. Cornell University arXiv:2012.00364v4.","Choi et al. 2022. Jooyoung Choi, Jungbeom Lee, Chaehun Shin, Sungwon Kim, Hyunwoo Kim and Sungroh Yoon. 1 APR 2022. Perception prioritized training of diffusion models. Cornell University arXiv:2204.00227v1.","Dong, Wu & Zhou 2017. Xiao Dong, Jiasong Wu and Ling Zhou. 24 NOV 2017. Demystifying AlphaGo Zero as AlphaGo GAN. Cornell University arXiv:1711.09091v1.","Edwards & Jackson 1993. G. B. Edwards and Robert R. Jackson. Use of prey-specific predatory behaviour by North American jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) of the genus Phidippus. Journal of Zoology, London 229: 709-716.","Esser, Romback & Ommer 2021. Patrick Esser, Robin Rombach and Bjo¨rn Ommer. 23 JUN 2021. Taming transformers for high-resolution image synthesis, v. 3. Cornell University arXiv:2012.09841v3.","Goodfellow et al. 2014. Ian J. Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. 10 JUN 2014. Generative Adversarial Networks. Cornell University arXiv:1406.2661v1.","Goodfellow et al. 2020. Ian Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. NOV 2020. Generative Adversarial Networks. Communications of the ACM 63 (11): 139- 144.","Gurney 1997. Kevin Gurney. An introduction to neural networks. UCL Press Limited, London.","Hill 2022. David E. Hill. 23 AUG 2022. A salticid archetype for salticid spiders. Peckhamia 275.1: 1-39.","Hill, Abhijith & Burini 2019. David E. Hill, Abhijith A. P. C. and Joao P. Burini. 6 FEB 2019. Do jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) draw their own portraits? Peckhamia 179.1: 1-14.","Hovannisyan et al. 2021. Mariam Hovhannisyan, Alex Clarke, Benjamin R. Geib, Rosalie Cicchinelli, Zachary Monge, Tory Worth, Amanda Szymanski, Roberto Cabeza and Simon W. Davis. 19 JAN 2021. The visual and semantic features that predict object memory: Concept property norms for 1,000 object images. Memory & Cognition 49: 712-731.","Khan et al. 2022. Salman Khan, Muzammal Naseer, Munawar Hayat, Syed Waqas Zamir, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, and Mubarak Shah. 19 JAN 2022. Transformers in vision: a survey. Cornell University arXiv:2101.01169v5.","Liu et al. 2017. Weibo Liu, Zidong Wang, Xiaohui Liu, Nianyin Zeng, Yurong Liu and Fuad E. Alsaadi. 19 APR 2017. A survey of deep neural network architectures and their applications. Neurocomputing 234: 11-26.","Morizet 2020. Nicolas Moriset. Introduction to Generative Adversarial Networks. [Technical Report]. Advestis. 2020. hal- 02899937.","Nichol et al. 2022. Alex Nichol, Prafulla Dhariwal, Aditya Ramesh, Pranav Shyam, Pamela Mishkin, Bob McGrew, Ilya Sutskever, and Mark Chen. 8 MAR 2022. Towards photorealistic image generation and editing with text-guided diffusion models, v.3. Cornell University arXiv:2112.10741v3.","Nielson 2019. Michael Nielson. Neural networks and deep learning, online at: http:// neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/","Parmar et al. 2018. Niki Parmar, Ashish Vaswani, Jakob Uszkoreit, Lukasz Kaiser, Noam Shazeer, Alexander Ku and Dustin Tran. 15 JUN 2018. Image transformer. Cornell University arXiv:1802.05751v3. Proceedings of the 35 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Stockholm, Sweden, PMLR 80, 2018.","Radford et. al 2021. Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, Gretchen Krueger, and Ilya Sutskever. 26 FEB 2021. Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision. Cornell University arXiv:2103.00020v1.","Rajalingham et. al. 2018. R. Rajalingham, E. B. Issa, P. Bashivan, K. Kar, K. Schmidt and J. J. DiCarlo. Large scale, highresolution comparison of the core visual object recognition behavior of humans, monkeys, and state-of the art deep artifical neural networks. Journal of Neuroscience 38 (33): 7255-7269.","Rombach et al. 2022. Robin Rombach, Andreas Blattman, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser and Bjo¨rn Ommer. 13 APR 2022. High resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models, v.2. Cornell University arXiv:2112.10752v2.","Saharia et al. 2022. Chitwan Saharia, William Chan, Saurabh Saxenay, Lala Liy, Jay Whangy, Emily Denton, Seyed Kamyar Seyed Ghasemipour, Burcu Karagol Ayan, S. Sara Mahdavi, Rapha Gontijo Lopes, Tim Salimans, Jonathan Hoy, David J Fleety, and Mohammad Norouzi. 3 MAY 2022. Photorealistic text-to-image diffusion models with deep language understanding. Cornell University arXiv:2205.11487v1.","Vidya 2018. T. N. C. Vidya. 10 SEP 2018. Supernormal stimuli and responses. Resonance 23: 853-860.","Zamorski et al. 2019. Maciej Zamorski, Adrian Zdobylak, Maciej Zieba and Jerzy Swiatek. 16 MAR 2019. Generative adversarial networks: recent developments. Cornell University arXiv:1903.12266v1.","Wang et al. 2022. Zhendong Wang, Huangjie Zheng, Pengcheng He, Weizhu Chen, and Mingyuan Zhou. 11 OCT 2022. Diffusion-GAN: training GANs with diffusion. Cornell University arXiv:2206.02262v3.","Zeng & Kwong 2022. Chao Zeng and Sam Kwong. 23 MAR 2022. Learning transformer features for image quality assessment. Cornell University arXiv:2112.00485v2."]}

C., Abhijith A. P., Hill, David E., Ramachandra, Pavan (2022): Notes on biology of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida) in south Asia. Peckhamia 287 (1): 1-12, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522442, {"references":["Abhijith & Hill 2020. Abhijith A. P. C. and David E. Hill. 21 JUL 2020. Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka (version 2). Peckhamia 199.2: 1-11.","Abhijith & Hill 2021. Abhijith A. P. C. and David E. Hill. 18 MAY 2021. Predation on an ant-mimicking jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) by an ant-eating web spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso sp.). Peckhamia 235.1: 1-4.","Abhijith & Hill 2022. Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 6 JUL 2022. Dangerous companions: Ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) that shelter beneath the web of an orb-weaver (Araneae: Araneidae: Herennia multipuncta). Peckhamia 271.1: 1-7.","Abhijith, Hill & Pai 2020. Abhijith A. P. C., David E. Hill and M. Jithesh Pai. 10 JUL 2020. Predation on an oecobiid spider by Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachnini) in Karnataka, with comments on araneophagy by salticine jumping spiders. Peckhamia 211.1: 1-6.","Hill & Abhijith 2022. David E. Hill and Abhijith A. P. C. 4 NOV 2022. A new and undescribed Myrmarachne sp. from Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachnina). Peckhamia 283.1: 1-5.","Hill et al. 2020. David Edwin Hill, Abhijith A. P. C., Prashantha Krishna and Sanath Ramesh. 2 AUG 2020. Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India. Peckhamia 182.3: 1-22.","Hurni-Cranston & Hill 2019. Tiziano Hurni-Cranston and David E. Hill. 20 APR 2019. Notes on the jumping spider Myrmarachne exasperans (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Myrmarachnini) in Bali, a possible mimic of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptini: Goryphus). Peckhamia 176.2: 1-28.","Jackson 1982. Robert R. Jackson. DEC 1982. The biology of ant-like jumping spiders: intraspecific interactions of Myrmarachne lupata (Araneae, Salticidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 76 (4): 293-319.","Jackson, Nelson & Salm 2008. Robert R. Jackson, Ximena J. Nelson and Kathryn Salm. The natural history of Myrmarachne melanotarsa, a social ant-mimicking jumping spider. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 35: 225-235.","Nelson & Jackson 2007. Ximena J. Nelson and Robert R. Jackson. Complex display behaviour during the intraspecific interactions of myrmecomorphic jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). Journal of Natural History 41 (25-28): 1659-1678.","Ramachandra & Hill 2018. Pavan Ramachandra and David E. Hill. 22 NOV 2018. Predation by the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) on its mimic jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Myrmarachnini). Peckhamia 174.1: 1-8.","Suzuki, Kuramitzu & Yokoi 2019. Yuya Suzuki, Kazumu Kuramitsu and Tomoyuki Yokoi. 14 JUN 2019. Morphology and sex-specific behavior of a gynandromorphic Myrmarachne formicaria (Araneae: Salticidae) spider. The Science of Nature 106 (34): 1-6.","Wesolowska & Salm 2002. Wanda Wesolowska and Kathryn Salm. A new species of Myrmarachne from Kenya (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 13: 409-41."]}

Hill, David E., C., Abhijith A. P., Shenoy, Mohith, M, Hemanth Kumar H (2022): Conversion of the egg nest to a brood nest by the female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 252 (2): 1-15, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7428270, {"references":["Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 186.1: 1-14.","Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2021. Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka. Peckhamia 239.1: 1-10.","Ahmed, J., D. E. Hill, I. Banerjee, R. Khalap, R. J. Pearce and K. Mohan. 2018. First record of the genus Neobrettus Wanless 1984 from India, with some natural history notes (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeina). Peckhamia 166.1: 1-13.","Ahmed, J., R. Khalap, D. E. Hill, Sumukha J. N. and K. Mohan. 2017. First record of Brettus cingulatus from India, with a review of Brettus in South and Southeast Asia (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeinae). Peckhamia 151.1: 1-13.","Banerjee, I., J. T. D. Caleb and D. E. Hill. 2019. New observations of the jumping spider Neobrettus tibialis (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in West Bengal, India. Peckhamia 198.1: 1-9.","Blackledge, T. A., M. Kuntner and I. Agnarsson. 2011. The form and function of spider orb webs: evolution from silk to ecosystems. Advances in Insect Physiology 41: 175-262.","Chen, Z., R. T. Corlett, X. Jiao, S. Liu, T. Charles-Dominique, S. Zhang, H. Li, R. Lai, C. Long and R. Quan. 2018. Prolonged milk provisioning in a jumping spider. Science 362: 1052-1055.","Dong, B., R. Quan and Z. Chen. 2019. Prolonged milk provisioning and extended maternal care in the milking spider Toxeus magnus: biological implications and questions unresolved. Zoological Research 40 (4): 241-243.","Harshith J. V. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Conspecific oophagy by the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka, India. Peckhamia 217.1: 1-5.","Hill, D. E. 2011. Notes on Hentzia mitrata (Hentz 1846) (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantinae). Peckhamia 91.1: 1-15.","Hill, D. E. 2021. Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina). Peckhamia 241.1: 1-15.","Hill, D. E. and Abhijith A. P. C. 2021. Do female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) feed their young? Peckhamia 252.1: 1-4.","Jackson, R. R. 2000. Prey preferences and visual discrimination ability of Brettus, Cocalus and Cyrba, araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Australia, Kenya and Sri Lanka. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 29-39.","Jackson, R. R. and S. E. A. Hallas. 1986. Predatory versatility and intraspecific interactions of spartaeine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae): Brettus adonis, B. cingulatus, Cyrba algerina, and Phaeacius sp. indet. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 13: 491-520.","Kumar H M, H. 2022. Brettus cingulatus. Observation online at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106009393.","Manjunath S, D. E. Hill and N. Iyer. 2022. Brood cannibalism by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 272.1: 1-11.","Pai, M. J. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Cohabitation and mating by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka. Peckhamia 210.1: 1-5.","Patil, V. K. and V. P. Uniyal. 2018. Important Notes on the spider Brettus cingulatus Thorell, 1895 (Araneae: Salticidae) from India. Advanced Agricultural Research & Technology Journal 2 (1): 104-107.","Peakall, D. B. 1971. Conservation of web proteins in the spider Araneus diadematus. Journal of Experimental Zoology 176: 257-264.","Saito, S. 1933. Notes on the spiders from Formosa. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 13 (1): 32-60, pl. 3.","Tam, T. V., L. N. Q. Huy, N. T. Phuc, V. H. Nhan and L. V. Khang. 2021. First record for Brettus cingulatus in Vietnam (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 229.1: 1-2.","Thorell, T. 1895. Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. London: 1-406.","Walckenaer, C. A. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. ApteRres. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 1-682, pl. 1-15.","Wanless, F. R. 1984. A review of the spider subfamily Spartaeinae nom. n. (Araneae: Salticidae) with descriptions of six new genera. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology 46: 135-205."]}

S, Muralidharan, Hill, David E. (2022): Predation on the brood of a theridiid spider by a jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Harmochirina: Bianor sp.). Peckhamia 285 (1): 1-2, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7428059, {"references":["Hann, S. W. 1990. Evidence for the displacement of an endemic New Zealand spider, Latrodectus katipo Powell by the South African species Steatoda capensis Hann (Araneae: Theridiidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 17 (3): 295-307.","Khandelwal, S. and V. K. Sharma. 2014. Description of egg laying pattern and egg sac of Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2 (5): 259-261."]}

S, Muralidharan, Hill, David E. (2022): Predation on a trap-jaw ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae: Anochetus sp.) by a jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillini: Langona tigrina). Peckhamia 284 (1): 1-4, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7428079, {"references":["Gibson, J. C., F. J. Larabee, A. Touchard, J. Orivel and A. V. Suarez. 2018. Mandible strike kinematics of the trap-jaw ant genus Anochetus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Zoology 306: 119-128.","Larabee, F. J. 2015. The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw ants. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana: i-vii, 1-132.","Larabee, F. J., B. L. Fisher, C. A. Schmidt, P. Matos-Maravi, M. Janda and A. V. Suarez. 2016. Molecular phylogenetics and diversification of trap-jaw ants in the genera Anochetus and Odontomachus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 143-154.","Larabee, F. J., W. Gronenberg and A. V. Suarez. 2017. Performance, morphology and control of power-amplified mandibles in the trap-jaw ant Myrmoteras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Experimental Biology 220: 3062-3071.","Larabee, F. J. and A. V. Suarez. 2014. The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 20: 25-36.","WSC. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 6 NOV 2022, doi: 10.24436/2"]}

Hill, David E., C., Abhijith A. P. (2022): A new and undescribed Myrmarachne sp. from Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachnina). Peckhamia 283 (1): 1-5, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301378, {"references":["Bhattacharya, G. C. 1936. On the moulting and metamorphosis of Myrmarachne plataleoides. Transactions of the Bose Research Institute, Calcutta 12.","Bhattacharya, G. C. 1937. Notes on the moulting process of the spider (Myrmarachne plataleoides, Camb.). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 39: 426-430.","Kumar, R., B. K. Gupta and A. K. Sharma. 2022. On the behavioural biology of a morpho-variant of Myrmaplata plataleoides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) (Araneae: Salticidae) with taxonomic notes. Animal Biology, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, DOI 10.1163/15707563-bja10094: 1-25.","Marson, J. E. 1946. The ant mimic Myrmarachne plataleoides. Journal of the East African Natural History Society 19: 62-63, plate VI.","Proszynski, J. 2016. Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world. Ecologica Montenegrina 7: 4-32.","WSC. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 29 OCT 2022. doi: 10.24436/2"]}

Muralidharan, Hill, David E. (2022): Courtship display by a male Stenaelurillus sp. from Tamil Nadu (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillina). Peckhamia 281 (1): 1-4, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301358, {"references":["Biswas, B. and K. Biswas. 1992. Araneae: Spiders. State Fauna Series 3: Fauna of West Bengal 3: 357-500.","Caleb, J. T. D. and M. T. Mathai. 2014. Description of some interesting jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from South India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2 (5): 63-71.","Caleb, J. T. D. and M. T. Mathai. 2016. A new jumping spider of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from India (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillina). Zootaxa 4103 (2): 185-188.","Kanesharatnam, N. and S. P. Benjamin. 2020. On three new species of jumping spiders of the genera Habrocestum Simon, 1876, Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 and Tamigalesus ZLabka, 1988 (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka. Evolutionary Systematics 4: 5-19.","Logunov, D. V. 2001. New and poorly known species of the jumping spiders (Aranei: Salticidae) from Afghanistan, Iran and Crete. Arthropoda Selecta 10: 59-66.","Logunov, D. V. 2020. Further notes on the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885 from India (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4899 (1): 201-214.","Logunov, D. V. and G. N. Azarkina. 2018. Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 430: 1-126.","Marathe, K., R. Sanap, A. Joglekar, J. T. D. Caleb and W. P. Maddison. 2022. Three new and notes on two other jumping spider species of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Salticidae: Aelurillina) from the Deccan Plateau, India. Zootaxa 5125(1): 1-19.","Prajapati, D. A., P. S. Murthappa, P. M. Sankaran and P. A. Sebastian. 2016. Two new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from India (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillina). Zootaxa 4171 (2): 321-334.","Sebastian, P. A., P. M. Sankaran, J. J. Malamel and M. M. Joseph. 2015. Description of new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from the Western Ghats of India with the redescription of Stenaelurillus lesserti Reimoser, 1934 and notes on mating plug in the genus (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 491: 63-78.","Simon, E. 1886. Etudes arachnologiques. 18e MeMmoire. XXVI. MateMriaux pour servir aOla faune des Arachnides du SeMneMgal. (Suivi d'une appendice intituleM: Descriptions de plusieurs espeOces africaines nouvelles). Annales de la SocieMteM Entomologique de France (6) 5: 345-396.","Vidhel, B. P., S. Malik, B. C. Sabata and S. K. Das. 2015. A new spider species of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillinae) from India. International Journal of Science and Research 4(7): 2332-2336.","WSC. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 26 OCT 2022. doi: 10.24436/2"]}

Lima, Andre.Arruda, Hill, David Edwin (2022): A trap door jumping spider from Brazil (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina: Balmaceda sp.). Peckhamia 280 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301330, {"references":["Edwards, G. B. 2006. A review of described Metacyrba, the status of Parkella, and notes on Platycryptus and Balmaceda, with a comparison of the genera (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissinae). Insecta Mundi 19: 193-226.","Edwards, G. B. and L. Baert. 2018. New species, combinations, and records of jumping spiders in the Gala.pagos Islands (Araneae: Salticidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology 67: 1-27.","Galvis, W., O. Pulgarin, E. Correa, I. Castrillon, and N. Acevedo. 2018. First record of the jumping spider genus Balmaceda Peckham & Peckham (Salticidae: Salticinae: Dendryphantini) from Colombia. Peckhamia 163.1: 1-5.","Godwin, R. L., V. Opatova, N. L. Garrison, C. A. Hamilton and J. E. Bond. 2018. Phylogeny of a cosmopolitan family of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae) using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment, with a description of the family, Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126: 303-313.","Hill, D. E. 1979. The scales of salticid spiders. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 65 (3): 193-218.","Lima, A. A. 1971. Genus Balmaceda. Record from vicinity of Vororantim, Sa?o Paulo, Brazil. Online at https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/72737922","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de. 1945. Aran?as de Misiones, Corrientes y Entre RI.os. Revista del Museo de La Plata (New Series, Zoology) 4: 213-302.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1894. Spiders of the Marptusa group. Occasional Papers of the Natural History Society of Wisconsin 2 (2): 83-156.","Rubio, G. D., J. E. M. Baigorria and G. B. Edwards. 2016. First description of the female of the jumping spider Balmaceda nigrosecta Mello-Leita?o (Salticidae, Dendryphantini, Marpissina). ZooKeys 563: 11-19.","Thorell, T. 1875. Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 13 (5): 1-204.","WSC. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 23 OCT 2022. doi: 10.24436/2"]}

Hill, David E. (2022): Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 279 (1): 1-83, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301416

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Genus Maratus Karsch 1878 Type species Maratus amabilis Karsch 1878, Published as part of Otto, Ju. rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus ammophilus, a new peacock spider in the Fimbriatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-65 in Peckhamia 273 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171540, {"references":["Karsch, F. 1878. Diagnoses Attoidarum aliquot novarum Novae Hollandiae collectionis Musei zoologici Berolinensis [Descriptions of several new salticids from Australia in the collection of the Berlin Museum]. Mittheilungen des Mu. nchener Entomologischen Vereins 2 (1): 22 - 32."]}

Maratus speculifer (Simon 1909) Habrocestum speculiferum Simon 1909 Lycidas speculifer ŻVabka 1987 Maratus speculiferus Otto & Hill 2012 Maratus speculifer Otto & Hill 2017 For more than a century, this species, endemic to coastal areas near Perth, was the only known member of the fimbriatus group. Fortunately earlier descriptions by Simon (1909) and later by ŻVabka (1987) are quite good. We previously published Simon's description with an English translation (Otto @ Hill 2012, p. 78). However good published photographs of this species, and the undescribed female in particular, are lacking. Etymology. The species name, speculifer (Lat., m., adj.); the English meaning bearing a mirror is clearly a reference to the shiny black scute that covers the dorsal opisthosoma of the adult male. Diagnosis. Most closely related to M. ammophilus, n. sp., found along the coast to the north in Western Australia. See the diagnosis of that species for a comparison. Photographs of the living male and female, as well as ŻVabka's (1987) drawings of the male pedipalp, are shown in Figures 37-40. specimen came with the label " Habrocestum speculiferum Simon, Holotypus, North Fremantle." After Żabka (1987), used with permission. Courtship (Figures 41-45). The courtship display of the male Maratus speculifer resembles that of M. ammophilus, with perhaps an even greater emphasis on rocking or see-saw movement from side to side, with legs I elevated and extended, legs III extended to the sides, and legs II and IV held in place. to side or rocking movement relative to the previous frame., Published as part of Otto, Ju. rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus ammophilus, a new peacock spider in the Fimbriatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-65 in Peckhamia 273 (1) on pages 51-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171540, {"references":["Simon, E. 1909. Lief. 12. Araneae, 2 me partie. In: Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Sr. W. Michaelseon und Dr. R. Hartmeyer. Band II, Lieferung 9 - 13. Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena. 155 - 212.","Zabka, M. 1987. Salticidae (Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions, II. Genera Lycidas and Maratus. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 40: 451 - 482."]}

Maratus ammophilus, new species Type specimens. The holotype male (♂ #1), five paratype males (♂ #2-6), and two paratype females (♀ #1-2) were collected at Pumpkin Hollow on the coast north of Perth, Western Australia (30.233116°S, 115.014010°E, 7-18 FEB 2021, coll. Caleb Bartell). ♂ #1-4 and ♀ #2 were caught as juveniles and raised to adulthood, ♂ #5 and ♀ #1 were caught as adults, and ♂ #6 was raised from an egg deposited by ♀ #1. Three paratype males (♂ #7-9) and four paratype females (♀ #3-6) were collected at nearby South Bay, Green Head (30.073353°S, 114.978204°E, 7-18 FEB 2021, coll. Caleb Bartell). ♂ #9 was caught as an adult, ♂ #7-8 and ♀ #3-6 were collected as juveniles and raised to adulthood. All types will be deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth. M. ammophilus has also been observed at Lake Thetis in Cervantes (30.505942°S, 115.078376°E, JUL 2018; Su Rammohan, pers. comm.), and at the beach in Kalbarri (27.703654°S, 114.167276°E, JUN 2022; Michael Lun, pers. comm.). Etymology. The species group name, ammophilus (Latin, adjective, m.), means sand-loving, a reference to the sandy beach habitat of these spiders. Diagnosis. The distinctive wheel-rim shape of the embolus and the use of legs I in courtship clearly place the male Maratus ammophilus in the fimbriatus group of the genus Maratus. The male resembles M. speculifer with respect to the unusual shape and yellow-green colour of femora I, with a wider proximal subsegment separated from a narrower distal subsegment by a shelf on the anterior side. However, the overall colouration of the male M. ammophilus (Figure 1) is quite different, like the female almost entirely off-white. The setae of the dorsal opisthosoma of M. ammophilus are off-white and moderately iridescent, whereas the fan of the male M. speculifer bears a singular dark and glabrous, shiny scute, the basis for its species name. In addition the anterior femora I and II of M. ammophilus have a transverse black bar at the distal end of each subsegment, or at least at the end of each proximal subsegment, easily visible from the front during courtship display. Description of male (Figures 4-7). Males (n=9) ranged from 3.2-3.8 mm in length. Almost the entire body, including the ventral opisthosoma, is covered with white to off-white or light-brown setae. The face is bright white, the chelicerae mostly glabrous and dark brown. An indistinct, middorsal thoracic tract of lighter setae may be present. The sides of the carapace have a distinct marginal band of white to offwhite setae. The PME are closer to the PLE than to the ALE. The dorsal opisthosoma tends to be light brown rather than white, often with a moderate iridescence. Legs I and II of similar length, shorter than legs III and IV, all with indistinct dark bands at the joints. Legs III are the longest. Sternum, labium and endites are dark brown to grey, almost glabrous except for longer white to off-white setae radiating from the posterior and lateral margins of the sternum. Cuticle of the prosoma and opisthosoma dark, that of the appendages almost lacking pigment. Ventral surface of each femur I and II translucent and almost glabrous, yellow-green. Each femur I and II is divided into a proximal subsegment of greater diameter, and a distal subsegment of lesser diameter, each subsegment (or at least the proximal subsegment) marked distally by a dark transverse band on the ventral surface; these subsegments are separated by a distinct, ventral shelf associated with the transverse band of the proximal subsegment (Figure 4:8,52). Pedipalps are light in colour, covered with long white setae. The retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) is unremarkable, similar to that of other Maratus. As is the case for other members of the fimbriatus group, the embolus resembles a wheel-rim, darker along the upper and lower margins of that rim, with a distally projecting terminus that bears the apical pore. Description of female (figures 8-10). Females (n=5) ranged from 4.0- 4.9 mm in length. Colour very much like the male, although the yellow-green colouration beneath femora I and II may be subdued and obscured by long white setae. Most of the type females have a fairly uniform but variable cover of off-white to light brown setae on the dorsum, but one (♀ #2, Figure 8:4-12) is much more patterned or contrasty on the dorsum, with many areas bearing darker brown setae. Variable pigmentation of the cuticle is more evident in alcohol (Figure 10:1-20). All females have long, bright white setae on the face, projecting anteromedially over the top of the dark brown, glabrous chelicerae. Setae covering the lower sides of the carapace are also bright white. PME closer to the PLE than to the ALE. Legs I and II are shorter and of similar length, legs III and IV longer and also of similar length. The epigynum (Figure 10: 25-28) is unremarkable and similar to that of other Maratus, with large fossae and posterior spermathecae of similar size. Immatures (Figure 11). Immature Maratus ammophilus, even in the first emergent (free-living) instar (II), have a colouration similar to that of adults. Courtship (Figures 12-16). Courtship display in Maratus ammophilus, as observed under natural conditions in the laboratory, is relatively simple, with the male moving intermittently (discontinuously) from side to side in front of the female, holding each new position with legs I extended and elevated to display the prominent markings on the underside of the femora, as legs III are extended to the sides. In this position, the ornamentation under legs II is also visible to the front. During this display the white pedipalps are held in place in front of the dark and glabrous chelicerae. As shown in Figure 12, the male tends to keep legs II in place when moving the elevated and extended legs I and III to one side or the other, and may even keep legs II and IV in place during this movement without any stepping at all. This fixed placement or stance of legs II keeps them in a position where the ventral femora II, like the ventral femora I, are readily visible from the front. When legs III are widely extended this side-to-side rocking movement also has a see-saw effect. The extent to which the opisthosoma is raised (never to a vertical position), or legs III are extended, varies. In addition, detailed placement of legs II and IV during each stance varies according to the surface on which the male is displaying. All aspects of this display are similar to those seen in other members of the fimbriatus group, although one species, Maratus fimbriatus, does not extend legs III, but also rotates the fan with each side-to-side movement. Mating. The erection of spines during mating by spiders corresponds to the transient increase in internal fluid pressure that occurs as seminal fluid is pumped from each pedipalp into the corresponding (same side) sperm duct of the female. This is documented for Maratus ammophilus in Figure 17. Habitat. Maratus ammophilus has been found on sandy ground, in coastal dunes along the Indian Ocean in Western Australia (Figures 2, 3:1-2, 18-19)., Published as part of Otto, Ju. rgen C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus ammophilus, a new peacock spider in the Fimbriatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-65 in Peckhamia 273 (1) on pages 4-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171540

C., Abhijith A. P., Hill, David E., Ramesh, Sanath (2022): Hunchback flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) as endopredators of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 274 (1): 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7171528, {"references":["Beckwith, R. C., R.R. Mason and H.G. Paul. 1987. Parasitism of salticid spiders in Oregon by two species of Acroceridae (Diptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 63: 352.","Dodd, F. P. 1906. Notes upon some remarkable parasitic insects from North Queensland. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 54:119-132.","Gillung, J. P. and C. J. Borkent. 2017. Death comes on two wings: a review of dipteran natural enemies of arachnids. Journal of Arachnology 45 (1): 1-19.","Kehlmaier, C. and J. M. Almeida. 2014. New host records for European Acroceridae (Diptera), with discussion of species limits of Acrocera orbiculus (Fabricius) based on DNA-barcoding. Zootaxa 3780 (1): 135-152.","Larrivee, M. and C. J. Borkent. 2009. New spider host associations for three acrocerid fly species (Diptera, Acroceridae). The Journal of Arachnology 37: 241-242.","Millot, J. 1938. Le deDveloppement et la biologie larvaire des Oncodides (= CyrtideDs), DipteOres parasites d'araigneDes. Bulletin de la SocieDteDZoologique de France 63:162-181.","Nielsen, B. O., P. Funch and S. Toft. 1999. Self-injection of a dipteran parasitoid into a spider. Naturwissenschaften 86: 530- 532.","Noordam, A. 2021. European Acroceridae - new host records, modified epigynes and the British isolation. Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society 150: 10-14.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Maratus banyowla, a new peacock spider in the personatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 195.1: 1-23.","Schlinger, E. I. 1987. The biology of Acroceridae (Diptera): true endoparasitoids of spiders. Chapter III in W. Nentwig, ed., Ecophysiology of spiders. Berlin, Springer Verlag: 319-327.","Schlinger, E. I. 2003. The spider-endoparasitoids of Madagascar (Diptera: Acroceridae). In The Natural History of Madagascar, S. M. Goodman, J. P. Benstead, eds., University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London: 734-740.","Seguy, E. 1926. Faune de France, 13. DipteOres (Brachyceres). Lechevalier, Paris.","Wandolleck, B. 1906. A new species of Cyrtidae from North Queensland bred by F. P. Dodd. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 54:131-132.","Winterton, S. L. 2012. Review of Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of Panops Lamarck. ZooKeys 172: 7-75.","Winterton, S. L. and D. A. Barraclough. 2017. Acroceridae (Small-headed Flies or Spider Flies). In A. H. Kirk-Spriggs and B. J. Sinclair, eds., Manual of Afrotropical Diptera, Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Pretoria. Suricata 5: 981-993.","Yuan, D., X. Li, D. K. Yeates and J. Rodriguez. 2020. Unlucky spider flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) trapped in a tomb of mud: An Australian predatory wasp (Sphecidae) provisions its nest with parasitised spiders (Salticidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 95 (3-4): 109-115.","Zhang, Y., Y. Wang, J. Sun, G. Hu, M. Wang, J. Amendt and J. Wang. 2019. Temperature-dependent development of the blowfly Chrysomya pinguis and its significance in estimating postmortem interval. Royal Society Open Science 6 (190003): 1- 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190003"]}

S, Manjunath, Hill, David E., Iyer, Naveen (2022): Brood cannibalism by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 272 (1): 1-11, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7171498, {"references":["Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 186.1: 1-14.","Ahmed, J., R. Khalap, D. E. Hill, Sumukha J. N. and K. Mohan. 2017. First record of Brettus cingulatus from India, with a review of Brettus in South and Southeast Asia (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeinae). Peckhamia 151.1: 1-13.","DeWoody, J. A., D. E. Fletcher, S. D. Wilkins and J. C. Avise. 2001. Genetic documentation of filial cannibalism in nature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98 (9): 5090-5092.","Fox, L. R. 1975. Cannibalism in natural populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 6: 87-106.","Harshith J. V. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Conspecific oophagy by the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka, India. Peckhamia 217.1: 1-5","Hill, D. E. and Abhijith A. P. C. 2021. Do female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) feed their young? Peckhamia 252.1: 1-4.","Klug, H. and M. B. Bonsall. 2007. When to care for, abandon, or eat your offspring: the evolution of parental care and filial cannibalism. The American Naturalist 170 (6): 886-901.","Mayntz, D. and S. Toft. 2006. Nutritional value of cannibalism and the role of starvation and nutrient imbalance for cannibalistic tendencies in a generalist predator. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 288-297.","Pai, M. J. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Cohabitation and mating by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka. Peckhamia 210.1: 1-5.","Richardson, M. L., R. F. Mitchell, P. F. Reagel and L. M. Hanks. 2010. Causes and consequences of cannibalism in noncarnivorous insects. Annual Review of Entomology 55: 39-53.","Snyder, W. E., S. B. Joseph, R. F. Preziosi and A. J. Moore. 2000. Nutritional benefits of cannibalism for the lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when prey quality is poor. Environmental Entomology 29 (6): 1173- 1179.","Thorell, T. 1895. Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. London. 1-406.","Wise, D. H. 2006. Cannibalism, food limitation, intraspecific competition, and the regulation of spider populations. Annual Review of Entomology 51: 441-465."]}

Ju, Otto, rgen C., Hill, David E. (2022): Maratus nubilis, a new peacock spider in the chrysomelas group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 264 (1): 1-29, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6533714, {"references":["Baehr, B. C. and R. Whyte. 2016. The peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus) of the Queensland Museum, including six new species. Zootaxa 4154 (5): 501-525.","Girard, M. B., D. O. Elias, G. Azevedo, K. Bi, M. M. Kasumovic, J. M. Waldock, E. B. Rosenblum and M. Hedin. 2021. Phylogenomics of peacock spiders and their kin (Salticidae: Maratus), with implications for the evolution of male courtship displays. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1-24.","Hsiung, B.-K., T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2014. Structural color and its interaction with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders. In: The Nature of Light: Light in Nature V, ed. R. Liang and J. A. Shaw. Proceedings of SPIE 9187, 91870B: 1-20.","Hsiung, B.-K., R. H. Siddique, D. G. Stavenga, J. C. Otto, M. C. Allen, Y. Liu, Y-F. Lu, D. D. Deheyn, M. D. Shawkey and T. A. Blackledge. 2017. Rainbow peacock spiders inspire miniature super-iridescent optics. Nature Communications 8: 2278: 1-8, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02451-x","Keyserling, E. 1883. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nu/rnberg. 1: 1421-1489, pl. 120-123.","McCoy, D. E., V. E. McCoy, N. K. Mandsberg, A. V. Shneidman, J. Aizenberg, R. O. Prum and D. Haig. 2019. Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 286 (1902): 1- 9. [20190589]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0589","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 103.1: 1-81.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013. A new peacock spider from Australia displays three 'sapphire gems' on a field of gold (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 105.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017. Two new peacock spiders from southeastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 153.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2021. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus), version 4. Peckhamia 148.4: 1-35.","Simon, E. 1909. Lief. 12. Araneae, 2me partie. In: Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Sr. W. Michaelseon und Dr. R. Hartmeyer . Band II, Lieferung 9-13. Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena. 155-212.","Soltis, P. S. and D. E. Soltis. 2003. Applying the bootstrap in phylogeny reconstruction. Statistical Science 18 (2): 256-267.","Waldock, J. M. 2002. Redescription of Lycidas chrysomelas (Simon) (Araneae: Salticidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 21: 227-234.","Weidner, H. 1967. Geschichte der Entomologie in Hamburg. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, N. F. 9 (Supplement): 5-387."]}

Maratus pinniger, new species Type specimens. The holotype male (♂ #1), six paratype males (♂ #2-7), and one paratype female (♀ #1) were collected in coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah / Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 2; S33.945174°, E 115.302561°, 16 OCT-10 NOV 2021, coll. Paul Winthrop). All types will be deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth. Etymology. The species group name, pinniger (Latin, adjective, m.), means pinnate or feather-bearing, an apt description for the fan flaps displayed by the male of this species, bearing specialized setae that resemble long "feathers." Pinnager (or pennager) is also a medieval English occupational surname for a pennant or ensign-bearer. Diagnosis. Females resemble other females in the vespa group, and related groups in southwestern Australia, and examination of the male is necessary for identification. The male pedipalp also resembles that of other members of the vespa group and related groups. The male is closest to M. fletcheri in appearance (Figure 1), but can be reliably separated from that species by the presence of larger areas of iridescent scales at the rear of the fan, and the presence of multiple, long, feather-like setae (pinnae) extending beyond the margin of each lateral flap of the fan. The colour of scales that cover much of the body and legs (brown in M. fletcheri, white in M. pinniger) may not be a reliable indicator, as the related M. cristatus (Figure 1:2-3) has both colour forms. Description of male (Figures 3-9). Males (n=7) ranged from 3.3-3.8 mm in length. The chelicerae are black, glabrous. The clypeus is covered with many long white-grey setae, directed toward the front above the chelicerae. The carapace is black, mostly glabrous, with a cover of grey scales in the eye region, where three interrupted bands of brown or dark red-brown scales can be seen, one at the median and one on either side of this. Another irregular or interrupted band of brown or dark red-brown scales runs on either side of the carapace, through the lateral eyes. Small spots comprised of white-grey scales are present just behind each PLE, and in a median thoracic position. The margin of the carapace is lined with white-grey scales or setae. Each PME is distinctly closer to the ipsilateral PLE than to the ipsilateral ALE. Long, stout or erect black and white setae project from the anterodorsal opisthosoma. The fan bears a distinctive pattern (Figures 4, 6) comprised of iridescent blue-green and pigmented red to brown scales, with long feather-like setae (pinnae), some> 0.5 mm in length, extending beyond the curved posterior margin of each flap. The anterior margin of each flap also has a fringe of white-grey setae. Behind the fan, the posterodorsal opisthosoma is black, with a median group of mostly white, scattered scales and, behind this, the anal tuft of white setae (Figure 4) that is typically found in Maratus species. The spinnerets are black. Below (Figure 9), the opisthosoma is brown, with a covering of white setae, and the coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly dark-grey or black. The legs are generally black to brown in colour, legs I and II of about the same length and shortest, legs III longest. Legs I-II and IV are distinctly to indistinctly banded with white scales or setae. Legs III are heavily fringed with long white setae, dorsally on the femur, and mostly ventrally from the patella to metatarsus. Tarsus III is covered with bright white setae. Femora I and II are thicker, each with several black spots on glabrous, light brown cuticle when viewed from below. The pedipalp, with a single tooth below the apex of the outer ring of the embolus (Figure 8), is typical for the vespa group, as well as the related flavus, linnaei, and mungaich groups of southwestern Australia (Otto & Hill 2021), and appears to be of no use for identification to species. Description of female (Figures 10-11). Body length (n=1) 5.4 mm. In general the cuticle of the female is light-brown to brown and translucent, with darker brown banding on the legs, and dark brown on the dorsal carapace and opisthosoma. The paturon of each chelicera is mostly glabrous, with a sparse covering of white setae. The pedipalps are light-brown with a cover of projecting white setae. From the face, below the anterior eyes, and the clypeus a number of long white setae extend to the front. These are not as dense as they are in the male. Both the carapace and opisthosoma have scattered white and redbrown scales on a dark brown background dorsally, with bands of mostly white scales on either side. Except for a line of white setae in front, above the chelicerae, the margins of the carapace are almost entirely glabrous, without the marginal band seen in the male. The white bands on the lateral margins of the dorsal opisthosoma do not meet at the rear. A small triangular anal tuft of white scales is present, above the brown spinnerets. The venter of the opisthosoma is light-brown, with many small brown spots, with a fairly uniform cover of white setae. Coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly light brown and glabrous from below. Legs I and II shorter and of similar length, legs III and IV also of similar length but longer. From above all legs are distinctly to indistinctly banded with alternating white setae and exposed dark cuticle. The epigynum (Figure 11:6) is typical for the group, with a smaller fossa in front of each large posterior spermatheca, and more sclerotized ducts visible through the posterior half of each fossa. Courtship display (Figures 12-20). All observations of courtship took place under simulated natural conditions in the laboratory. Like other Maratus, male M. pinniger may raise one or both legs III to gain the attention of a nearby female (Figures 3:13, 12). Display may include slow, intermittent movement of legs III with occasional flexing at the tibiometatarsal joint. Advertising males could also extend legs III in a V-shaped configuration, and wave the elevated fan in a median position (Figures 13, 20:1-2). As is the case for other members of the vespa group, a close approach of the female to examine the male led to rotation of the fan from one side to the other behind legs III, held in more of a "calipers" position (Figures 14-20). During this display, the pedipalps, separated to reveal the glabrous black chelicerae, and legs III of the male were held in a stationary position. As with the previous (advertisement) display, movement of the fan was fairly continuous when observed with 120 fps video, involving left-right cycles of side to side movement at 5-9Hz, accompanied by "bobbing" or vibration of the opisthosoma at ~50Hz. Slower (2-3Hz) extension-retraction cycles of each lateral flap, as it was was turned toward the female at one side or the other, were also observed. Figure 16 (continued on next page). Serial frames from a 120fps video of courtship display by a male Maratus pinniger. 1-4, 1.5 cycles of left-right fan rotation at 5.6Hz. 5-10, 2.5 cycles of flap retraction at 2Hz. 12-43, 16 left-right cycles of fan rotation as the fan was raised to an elevated position, at 6.9Hz. Habitat. Maratus pinniger was found on coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah/Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 21).

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Maratus pinniger, new species Type specimens. The holotype male (♂ #1), six paratype males (♂ #2-7), and one paratype female (♀ #1) were collected in coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah / Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 2; S33.945174°, E 115.302561°, 16 OCT-10 NOV 2021, coll. Paul Winthrop). All types will be deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth. Etymology. The species group name, pinniger (Latin, adjective, m.), means pinnate or feather-bearing, an apt description for the fan flaps displayed by the male of this species, bearing specialized setae that resemble long "feathers." Pinnager (or pennager) is also a medieval English occupational surname for a pennant or ensign-bearer. Diagnosis. Females resemble other females in the vespa group, and related groups in southwestern Australia, and examination of the male is necessary for identification. The male pedipalp also resembles that of other members of the vespa group and related groups. The male is closest to M. fletcheri in appearance (Figure 1), but can be reliably separated from that species by the presence of larger areas of iridescent scales at the rear of the fan, and the presence of multiple, long, feather-like setae (pinnae) extending beyond the margin of each lateral flap of the fan. The colour of scales that cover much of the body and legs (brown in M. fletcheri, white in M. pinniger) may not be a reliable indicator, as the related M. cristatus (Figure 1:2-3) has both colour forms. Description of male (Figures 3-9). Males (n=7) ranged from 3.3-3.8 mm in length. The chelicerae are black, glabrous. The clypeus is covered with many long white-grey setae, directed toward the front above the chelicerae. The carapace is black, mostly glabrous, with a cover of grey scales in the eye region, where three interrupted bands of brown or dark red-brown scales can be seen, one at the median and one on either side of this. Another irregular or interrupted band of brown or dark red-brown scales runs on either side of the carapace, through the lateral eyes. Small spots comprised of white-grey scales are present just behind each PLE, and in a median thoracic position. The margin of the carapace is lined with white-grey scales or setae. Each PME is distinctly closer to the ipsilateral PLE than to the ipsilateral ALE. Long, stout or erect black and white setae project from the anterodorsal opisthosoma. The fan bears a distinctive pattern (Figures 4, 6) comprised of iridescent blue-green and pigmented red to brown scales, with long feather-like setae (pinnae), some> 0.5 mm in length, extending beyond the curved posterior margin of each flap. The anterior margin of each flap also has a fringe of white-grey setae. Behind the fan, the posterodorsal opisthosoma is black, with a median group of mostly white, scattered scales and, behind this, the anal tuft of white setae (Figure 4) that is typically found in Maratus species. The spinnerets are black. Below (Figure 9), the opisthosoma is brown, with a covering of white setae, and the coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly dark-grey or black. The legs are generally black to brown in colour, legs I and II of about the same length and shortest, legs III longest. Legs I-II and IV are distinctly to indistinctly banded with white scales or setae. Legs III are heavily fringed with long white setae, dorsally on the femur, and mostly ventrally from the patella to metatarsus. Tarsus III is covered with bright white setae. Femora I and II are thicker, each with several black spots on glabrous, light brown cuticle when viewed from below. The pedipalp, with a single tooth below the apex of the outer ring of the embolus (Figure 8), is typical for the vespa group, as well as the related flavus, linnaei, and mungaich groups of southwestern Australia (Otto & Hill 2021), and appears to be of no use for identification to species. Description of female (Figures 10-11). Body length (n=1) 5.4 mm. In general the cuticle of the female is light-brown to brown and translucent, with darker brown banding on the legs, and dark brown on the dorsal carapace and opisthosoma. The paturon of each chelicera is mostly glabrous, with a sparse covering of white setae. The pedipalps are light-brown with a cover of projecting white setae. From the face, below the anterior eyes, and the clypeus a number of long white setae extend to the front. These are not as dense as they are in the male. Both the carapace and opisthosoma have scattered white and redbrown scales on a dark brown background dorsally, with bands of mostly white scales on either side. Except for a line of white setae in front, above the chelicerae, the margins of the carapace are almost entirely glabrous, without the marginal band seen in the male. The white bands on the lateral margins of the dorsal opisthosoma do not meet at the rear. A small triangular anal tuft of white scales is present, above the brown spinnerets. The venter of the opisthosoma is light-brown, with many small brown spots, with a fairly uniform cover of white setae. Coxae, sternum, endites, chelicerae and pedipalps are mostly light brown and glabrous from below. Legs I and II shorter and of similar length, legs III and IV also of similar length but longer. From above all legs are distinctly to indistinctly banded with alternating white setae and exposed dark cuticle. The epigynum (Figure 11:6) is typical for the group, with a smaller fossa in front of each large posterior spermatheca, and more sclerotized ducts visible through the posterior half of each fossa. Courtship display (Figures 12-20). All observations of courtship took place under simulated natural conditions in the laboratory. Like other Maratus, male M. pinniger may raise one or both legs III to gain the attention of a nearby female (Figures 3:13, 12). Display may include slow, intermittent movement of legs III with occasional flexing at the tibiometatarsal joint. Advertising males could also extend legs III in a V-shaped configuration, and wave the elevated fan in a median position (Figures 13, 20:1-2). As is the case for other members of the vespa group, a close approach of the female to examine the male led to rotation of the fan from one side to the other behind legs III, held in more of a "calipers" position (Figures 14-20). During this display, the pedipalps, separated to reveal the glabrous black chelicerae, and legs III of the male were held in a stationary position. As with the previous (advertisement) display, movement of the fan was fairly continuous when observed with 120 fps video, involving left-right cycles of side to side movement at 5-9Hz, accompanied by "bobbing" or vibration of the opisthosoma at ~50Hz. Slower (2-3Hz) extension-retraction cycles of each lateral flap, as it was was turned toward the female at one side or the other, were also observed. Figure 16 (continued on next page). Serial frames from a 120fps video of courtship display by a male Maratus pinniger. 1-4, 1.5 cycles of left-right fan rotation at 5.6Hz. 5-10, 2.5 cycles of flap retraction at 2Hz. 12-43, 16 left-right cycles of fan rotation as the fan was raised to an elevated position, at 6.9Hz. Habitat. Maratus pinniger was found on coastal sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum) in a damp swale area surrounded by Jarrah/Marri forest, in Blackwood State Forest, Western Australia (Figure 21)., Published as part of Ju, Otto, C. & Hill, David E., 2022, Maratus pinniger, a new peacock spider in the vespa group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), pp. 1-30 in Peckhamia 262 (1) on pages 4-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6467908, {"references":["Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2021. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus), version 4. Peckhamia 148.4: 1 - 35."]}

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Aelurillini: Freyina (Figures 22-32) The Freyina is a very successful, endemic group of Neotropical salticids. G. B. Edwards has recently published a comprehensive review of this group (Edwards 2015). It is quite possible that the Freyina represent diversification or radiation from a single ancestor transported from Africa to South America by the prevailing east-to-west ocean currents that link the two continents. A similar form of transport, in the Eocene, is thought to account for the introduction of caviomorph rodents and primates to South America, each group descending from a single ancestor (Poux et al. 2006)., Published as part of Hill, David E., 2021, The Ecuadorean jumping spiders of Andreas Kay (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 1-19 in Peckhamia 254 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6360372, {"references":["Edwards, G. B. 2015. Freyinae, a major new subfamily of Neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa 4036 (1): 1 - 87.","Poux, C., P. Chevret, D. Huchon, W. W. de Jong, and E. J. P. Douzery. 2006. Arrival and diversification of caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates in South America. Systematic Biology. 55 (2): 228 - 244."]}

Hill, David E., C., Abhijith A. P., M., Sanath R., V., Harshith J. (2021): Ant associations of the jumping spider Carrhotus viduus in Karnataka, India (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticini). Peckhamia 249 (1): 1-12, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360248, {"references":["Caleb, J. T. D., C. Bera and S. Acharya. 2020. New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51-66.","Jastrzebski, P. 1999. Salticidae from the Himalaya: The genus Carrhotus Thorell 1891 (Araneae, Salticidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 79: 1-9.","Johnson, K. P., C. H. Dietrich, F. Friedrich, R. G. Beutel, B. Wipfler, R. S. Peters, J. M. Allen, M. Petersen, A. Donath, K. K. O. Walden, A. M. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, C. Mayer, K. Meusemann, A. Vasilikopoulos, R. M. Waterhouse, S. L. Cameron, C. Weirauch, D. R. Swanson, D. M. Percy, N. B. Hardy, Irene Terry, S. Liu, Xin Zhou, B. Misoff, H. M. Robertson and K. Yoshizawa. 2018. Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 115 (50): 12775-12780.","Koch, C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, NuLrnberg, Dreizehnter Band: 1-234, pl. 433-468, figs. 1078-1271; Vierzehnter Band: 1-88, pl. 467-480, figs. 1272-1342.","Latreille, P. A. 1819. [Articles sur les araigneEes]. In: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliqueEe aux arts, aP l'agriculture, aPl'eEconomie rurale et domestique, aPla meEdecine, etc. Nouvelle EQdition. Deterville, Paris, Tome 30-36.","Logunov, D. V. 2021. New species and records of the jumping spiders from India and Nepal (Aranei: Salticidae). Arthropoda Selecta 30 (3): 351-361.","Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders. Journal of Arachnology 43: 231-292.","Maddison, W. P., S. C. Evans, C. A. Hamilton, J. E. Bond, A. R. Lemmon and E. M. Lemmon. 2017. A genome-wide phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae), using anchored hybrid enrichment. ZooKeys 695: 89-101.","Metzner, H. 2021. Jumping spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae) of the world, online at: http://www.jumpingspiders.com/, accessed on 5 OCT 2021.","Mezof, L., G. Marko, C. Nagy, D. Koranyi and V. Marko. 2020. Beyond polyphagy and opportunism: natural prey of hunting spiders in the canopy of apple trees. PeerJ 8:e9334 DOI 10.7717/peerj.9334 (pp. 1-38)","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1869. Descriptions and sketches of some new species of Araneida, with characters of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 3: 52-74.","Thorell, T. 1877. Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Ragni di Selebes raccolti nel 1874 dal Dott. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 10: 341-637.","Thorell, T. 1891. Spindlar fraSn Nikobarerna och andra delar af soLdra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 24 (2): 1-149.","Thorell, T. 1895. Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. London: 1-406.","WSC. 2021. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 5 OCT 2021. doi: 10.24436/2"]}

Hill, David E., C., Abhijith A. P. (2021): Do female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) feed their young? Peckhamia 252 (1): 1-4, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360340, {"references":["Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 186.1: 1-14.","Ahmed, J., D. E. Hill, I. Banerjee, R. Khalap, R. J. Pearce and K. Mohan. 2018. First record of the genus Neobrettus Wanless 1984 from India, with some natural history notes (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeina). Peckhamia 166.1: 1-13.","Banerjee, I., J. T. D. Caleb and D. E. Hill. 2019. New observations of the jumping spider Neobrettus tibialis (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in West Bengal, India. Peckhamia 198.1: 1-9.","Blackledge, T. A., M. Kuntner and I. Agnarsson. 2011. The form and function of spider orb webs: evolution from silk to ecosystems. Advances in Insect Physiology 41: 175-262.","Chen, Z., R. T. Corlett, X. Jiao, S. Liu, T. Charles-Dominique, S. Zhang, H. Li, R. Lai, C. Long and R. Quan. 2018. Prolonged milk provisioning in a jumping spider. Science 362: 1052-1055.","Dong, B., R. Quan and Z. Chen. 2019. Prolonged milk provisioning and extended maternal care in the milking spider Toxeus magnus: biological implications and questions unresolved. Zoological Research 40 (4): 241-243.","Harshith J. V. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Conspecific oophagy by the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka, India. Peckhamia 217.1: 1-5.","Peakall, D. B. 1971. Conservation of web proteins in the spider Araneus diadematus. Journal of Experimental Zoology 176: 257-264.","Saito, S. 1933. Notes on the spiders from Formosa. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 13 (1): 32-60, pl. 3.","Thorell, T. 1895. Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. London: 1-406.","Walckenaer, C. A. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. ApteMres. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 1-682, pl. 1-15.","Wanless, F. R. 1984. A review of the spider subfamily Spartaeinae nom. n. (Araneae: Salticidae) with descriptions of six new genera. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology 46: 135-205."]}

C., Abhijith A. P., Ramachandra, Pavan, Hill, David E. (2021): Portia cf. labiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) as predator and prey of cellar spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae: Crossopriza) in Karnataka, India. Peckhamia 251 (1): 1-5, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360299, {"references":["Ahmed, J., D. E. Hill, I. Banerjee, R. Khalap, R. J. Pearce and K. Mohan. 2018. First record of the genus Neobrettus Wanless 1984 from India, with some natural history notes (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeina). Peckhamia 166.1: 1-13.","Doleschall, L. 1859. Tweede Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indica-Neerlandica 5: 1-60.","Harland, D. P. and R. R. Jackson. 2001. Prey classification by Portia fimbriata, a salticid spider that specializes at preying on other salticids: species that elicit cryptic stalking. Journal of Zoology 255 (4): 445-460.","Jackson, R. R. and S. E. A. Hallas. 1986. Comparative biology of jumping spiders Portia aFricana, P. albimana, P. fimbriata, P. labiata and P. schultzi, areanophagic, web-building jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) utilisation of webs, predatory versatility, and intraspecfic interactions. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 13 (4): 423-489.","Jackson, R. R. and R. S. Wilcox. 1990. Aggressive mimicry, prey-specific predatory behaviour and predator-recognition in the predator-prey interactions of Portia fimbriata and Euryattus sp., jumping spiders from Queensland. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 26 (2): 111-119.","Karsch, F. 1878. Exotisch-araneologisches. Zeitschrift fuPr die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 51: 322-333, 771-826.","Li, D., R. R. Jackson and A. Barrion. 1997. Prey preferences of Portia labiata, P. aFricana, and P. schultzi, araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Kenya, and Uganda. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 24 (4): 333-349.","Maddison, W. P., D. Li, M. Bodner, J. Zhang, X. Xiu, Q. Liu and F. Liu. 2014. The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 440: 57-87.","Metzner, H. 2021. Jumping spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae) of the world, online at http://www.jumping-spiders. com/, accessed on 26 NOV 2021.","Simon, E. 1893. Histoire naturelle des araigneRes. DeuxieSme eRdition, tome premier. Roret, Paris: 257-488.","Simon, E. 1900. Etudes arachnologiques. 30e MeRmoire. XLVII. Descriptions d'espeSces nouvelles de la famille des Attidae. Annales de la SocieRteREntomologique de France 69: 27-61.","Su, K. F., R. Meier, R. R. Jackson, D. P. Harland and D. Li. 2007. Convergent evolution of eye ultrastructure and divergent evolution of vision-mediated predatory behaviour in jumping spiders. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20 (4): 1478- 1489.","Thorell, T. 1887. Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 25: 5-417.","Wanless, F. R. 1978. A revision of the spider genus Portia (Araneae: Salticidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology 34: 83-124.","WSC. 2021. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 26 NOV 2021. doi: 10.24436/2","Xu, X., X. J. Peng and D. Q. Li. 2021. Four new species of the jumping spider genus Portia (Araneae, Salticidae) from China. ZooKeys 1968: 27-40."]}

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The epidemiologic data sets supporting the conclusions of this article.

Joshi, Pranav, Hill, David E. (2021): Multiple broods of the jumping spider Asemonea tenuipes (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae). Peckhamia 246 (1): 1-4, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360225, {"references":["Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018. Asemonea cf. tenuipes in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae). Peckhamia 172.1: 1-8.","Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Impact of brood parasitoids and oophagy on survival of Asemonea tenuipes (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae) broods in Karnataka. Peckhamia 192.1: 1-15.","Bompard, A., I. Amat, X. Fauvergue and T. Spataro. 2013. Host-parasitoid dynamics and the success of biological control when parasitoids are prone to Allee Effects. PLoS ONE 8 (10): e76768. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076768","Hawes, T. C. 2017. A jumping spider that lays eggs like an insect. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 61 (4): 265-273.","Jackson, R. R. and A. M. Macnab. 1991. Comparative study of the display and mating behaviour of lyssomanine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), especially Asemonea tenuipes, Goleba puella, and Lyssomanes viridis. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 18 (1): 1-23.","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1869. Descriptions and sketches of some new species of Araneida, with characters of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (3): 52-74.","Tam, T. V., V. H. Nhan and L. V. Khang. 2020. First record for Asemonea tenuipes in Vietnam (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae). Peckhamia 227.1: 1-2.","WSC. 2021. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 30 SEP 2021. doi: 10.24436/2"]}

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Hill, David E. (2021): Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina). Peckhamia 241 (1): 1-15, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6360124, {"references":["Barnes, R. D. 1955. North American jumping spiders of the genus Maevia. American Museum Novitates 1746: 1-13.","Busso, J. P. and A. R. D. Rabosky. 2016. Disruptive selection on male reproductive polymorphism in a jumping spider, Maevia inclemens. Animal Behaviour 120: 1-10.","Chamberlin, R. V. and W. Ivie. 1944. Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bulletin of the University of Utah 35 (9): 1-267.","Clark, D.L. 1992. Male dimorphism and species recognition in the jumping spider, Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Ohio.","Clark, D.L. 1994. Sequence analysis of courtship behavior in the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens. Journal of Arachnology 22: 94-107.","Clark, D. L. and B. Biesiadecki. 2002. Mating success and alternative reproductive strategies of the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens (Araneae, Salticidae). The Journal of Arachnology 30: 511-518.","Clark, D. L. and C. L. Morjan. 2001. Attracting female attention: the evolution of dimorphic courtship displays in the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 268: 2461-2465.","Clark, D. L., L. A. Simmons and R. G. Bowker. 2018. Aspects of courtship risks and mating success in the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae). The Journal of Arachnology 46: 1-6.","Clark, D. L. and G. W. Uetz. 1990. Video image recognition by the jumping spider Maevia inclemens. Animal Behaviour 40: 884-890.","Clark, D. L. and G. W. Uetz. 1992. Morph-independent mate selection in a dimorphic jumping spider: demonstration of movement bias in female choice using video-controlled courtship behavior. Animal Behaviour 43: 247-254.","Clark, D. L. and G. W. Uetz. 1993. Signal efficacy and the evolution of male dimorphism in the jumping spider, Maevia inclemens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 90: 11954-11957.","Fisher, R. A. 1930. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford University Press. i-xiv, 1- 272.","Hall, D. W., M. Kirkpatrick and B. West. 2000. Runaway sexual selection when female preferences are directly selected. Evolution 54 (6): 1862-1869.","Hentz, N. M. 1846. Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston Journal of Natural History 5: 352- 370.","Hill, D. E. 2011. Notes on Hentzia mitrata (Hentz 1846) (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantinae). Peckhamia 91.1: 1-15.","Hill, D. E. 2014. Notes on the jumping spider Phidippus clarus Keyserling 1885 (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantinae). Peckhamia 113.1: 1-32.","Hill, D. E. 2016. Learned avoidance of the Large Milkweed Bug (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Oncopeltus fasciatus) by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina: Phidippus). Peckhamia 143.1: 1-25.","Hill, D. E. 2018a. Jumping spiders of the Phidippus princeps group in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina). Peckhamia 169.1: 1-72.","Hill, D. E. 2018b. Notes on the jumping spiders Colonus puerperus (Hentz 1846) and Colonus sylvanus (Hentz 1846) in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycoida: Gophoini). Peckhamia 99.2: 1-63.","Lietzenmayer, L., D. L. Clark and L. Taylor. 2019. The role of male coloration and ornamentation in potential alternative mating strategies of the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 73 (83): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2691-y","Lietzenmayer, L. and L. Taylor. 2018. Dimorphic Jumper Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer 1837) (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae). 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C., Abhijith A. P., Hill, David E. (2021): Trophobiotic relationship of the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Karnataka. Peckhamia 239 (1): 1-10, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093558, {"references":["Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019. Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 186.1: 1-14.","Ahmed, J., R. Khalap, D. E. Hill, Sumukha J. N. and K. Mohan. 2017. First record of Brettus cingulatus from India, with a review of Brettus in South and Southeast Asia (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeinae). Peckhamia 151.1: 1-13.","Bluthgen, N., D. Mezger and K. E. Linsenmair. 2006. Ant-hemipteran trophobioses in a Bornean rainforest - diversity, specificity and monopolisation. Insectes Sociaux 53: 194-203.","Collart, A. 1929a. Quelques observations sur une araignee mimetique. 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Prey preferences and visual discrimination ability of Brettus, Cocalus and Cyrba, araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Australia, Kenya and Sri Lanka. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27: 29-39.","Jackson, R. R. and S. E. A. Hallas. 1986. Predatory versatility and intraspecific interactions of spartaeine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae): Brettus adonis, B. cingulatus, Cyrba algerina, and Phaeacius sp. indet. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 13: 491-520.","Jackson, R. R., X. J. Nelson and K. Salm. 2008. The natural history of Myrmarachne melanotarsa, a social ant-mimicking jumping spider. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 35: 225-235.","Jackson, R. R., S.D. Pollard, X. J. Nelson, G. B. Edwards and A.T. Barrion. 2001. Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) that feed on nectar. Journal of Zoology 255: 25-29.","Johnson, C., D. Agosti, J. H. Delabie, K. Dumpert, D. J. Williams, M. von Tschirnhaus and U. Maschwitz. 2001. Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis. American Museum Novitates 3335: 1-18.","LaPolla, J. S. 2005. Ancient Trophophoresy: A Fossil Acropyga (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Dominican Amber. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 131 (1/2): 21-28.","Lehouck, V. S., D. B. Bonte, W. Dekoninck and J.-P. E. Maelfait. 2004. Trophobiotic relationships between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Tettigometridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) in the grey dunes of Belgium. European Journal of Entomology 101: 547-553.","Malm, S. 2005. Cooperation and conflict: sociality in salticid spiders. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Canterbury: i-vi, 1-191.","Nelsen, M. P., R. H. Ree and C. S. Moreau. 2018. Ant-plant interactions evolved through increasing interdependence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 115 (48): 12253-12258.","Nyffeler, M. 2016. Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators. Peckhamia 137.1: 1-17.","Nyffeler, M., E. J. Olson and W. O. C. Symondson. 2016. Plant-eating by spiders. Journal of Arachnology 44: 15-27.","Pai, M. J. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Cohabitation and mating by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka. Peckhamia 210.1: 1-5.","Painting, C. J., C. C. Nicholson, M. W. Bubert, Y. Norma-Rashid and D. Li. 2017. Nectary feeding and guarding behavior by a tropical jumping spider. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 15 (8): 469-470.","Simon, E. 1900. Etudes arachnologiques. 30e Memoire. XLVII. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de la famille des Attidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 69: 27-61.","Simon, E. 1901. Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae (suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 45: 141-161.","Simon, E. 1909. Arachnides recueillis par L. 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C., Abhijith A. P., Hill, David E. (2021): Leaf suspension by a brooding female Epeus indicus (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka. Peckhamia 237 (1): 1-7, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093530, {"references":["Dhali, D. C., S. Saha and D. Raychaudhuri. 2017. Litter and ground dwelling spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) of reserve forests of Dooars, West Bengal. World Scientific News 63: 1-242.","Jastrzebski, P. 2010. Salticidae from the Himalayas. The genus Epeus Peckham & Peckham, 1885 (Araneae: Salticidae). Genus 21: 115-120.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1886. Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 6: 255-342.","Proszynski, J. 1992. Salticidae (Araneae) of India in the collection of the Hungarian National Natural History Museum in Budapest. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 44: 165-277.","WSC. 2021. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 31 MAY 2021. doi: 10.24436/2"]}

C., Abhijith A. P., Mohammed, Hayath, Hill, David E. (2021): Final molt of a male Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka. Peckhamia 236 (1): 1-4, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7171434, {"references":["Abhijith A. P. C. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka (version 2). Peckhamia 199.2: 1-11.","Ahmed, J. R. Khalap, S. Kumbar, D. E. Hill, R. J. Pearce and K. Mohan. 2019. Field notes on the jumping spider Telamonia dimidiata in Maharashtra (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina). Peckhamia 181.1: 1-6.","Chaubey, S. N. 2019. Studies on habit and habitat, external morphology, feeding capacity and prey preference of two striped spider, Telamonia dimidiata. Flora and Fauna 25 (2): 204-208.","Hill, D. E., Abhijith A. P. C., P. Krishna and S. Ramesh. 2020. Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India. Peckhamia 182.3: 1-22.","Roy, T. K., S. Saha and D. Raychaudhuri. 2016. A treatise on the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of tea ecosystem of Dooars, West Bengal, India. World Scientific News 53(1): 1-66.","Simon, E. 1899. Contribution a la faune de Sumatra. Arachnides recueillis par M. J. L. Weyers, a Sumatra. Deuxieme memoire. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 43: 78-125.","WSC. 2021. World Spider Catalog. Version 22.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, accessed on 23 MAY 2021. doi: 10.24436/2"]}

C., Abhijith A. P., Hill, David E. (2021): Predation on an ant-mimicking jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) by an ant-eating web spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso sp.). Peckhamia 235 (1): 1-4, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7171284, {"references":["Abhijith A. P. C., D. E. Hill and M. J. Pai. 2020. Predation on an oecobiid spider by Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachnini) in Karnataka, with comments on araneophagy by salticine jumping spiders. Peckhamia 211.1: 1-6.","Liu, J., S. Pekar, L. J. May-Collado and I. Agnarsson. 2016. A revised and dated phylogeny of cobweb spiders (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae): A predatory Cretaceous lineage diversifying in the era of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 658-675.","MacLeay, W. S. 1839. On some new forms of Arachnida. Annals of Natural History 2 (7): 1-14, plates 1-2.","Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 43: 231-292.","Maddison, W. P. and T. Szuts. 2019. Myrmarachnine jumping spiders of the new subtribe Levieina from Papua New Guinea (Araneae, Salticidae, Myrmarachnini). ZooKeys 842: 85-112.","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1869. Descriptions and sketches of some new species of Araneida, with characters of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (3): 52-74.","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1882. On new genera and species of Araneidea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 50 (3): 423-442, plates XXIX-XXXI.","Proszynski, J. 2016. Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world. Ecologica Montenegrina 7: 4-32.","Ramachandra, P. and D. E. Hill. 2018. Predation by the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) on its mimic jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Myrmarachnini). Peckhamia 174.1: 1-8."]}

Otto, Jürgen C., Hill, David E. (2021): Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders. Peckhamia 148 (4): 1-35, {"references":["Annable, T. 2017. Association of a white-banded jumping Spider 'Hypoblemum albovittatum ' (Salticidae: Araneomorphae: Aranaea) with an Anemone Stinkhorn Fungus 'Aseroe rubra ' (Phallaceae: Basidiomycota). The Victorian Naturalist 134 (5): 150-152.","Baehr, B. C. and R. Whyte. 2016. The peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus) of the Queensland Museum, including six new species. Zootaxa 4154 (5): 501-525.","Butler, L. S. G. 1933. The common and conspicuous spiders of Melbourne. Victoria Naturalist 49: 271-292.","Davies, V. T. and M. Zabka. 1989. Illustrated keys to the genera of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27: 189-266.","De Angelis, D., H. Davis, B. Jenner and J. de Jong. 2013. A colourful addition to the spider fauna of Victoria: the peacock spider Maratus splendens (Rainbow, 1896) (Araneae: Salticidae). The Victorian Naturalist 130 (6): 224-231.","Dolev, Y. and X. Nelson. 2016. Biological relevance affects object recognition in jumping spiders. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 43 (1): 42-53.","Dunn, R. A. 1947. A new salticid spider from Victoria. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 15: 82-85.","Dunn, R. A. 1957. The Peacock Spider. Walkabout, April 1st, 1957: 38-39.","Foelix, R. F., B. Erb and D. E. Hill. 2013. Structural colors in spiders. In: Spider Ecophysiology, W. Nentwig, ed., Springer- Verlag. pp. 333-347.","Forster, R. F. and L. M. Forster. 1972. New Zealand spiders: an introduction. Collins, Auckland: 1-254.","Girard, M. B., D. O. Elias, G. Azevedo, K. Bi, M. M. Kasumovic, J. M. Waldock, E. B. Rosenblum and M. Hedin. 2021. Phylogenomics of peacock spiders and their kin (Salticidae: Maratus), with implications for the evolution of male courtship displays. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1-24.","Girard, M. B., D. O. Elias and M. M. Kasumovic. 2015. Female preference for multi-modal courtship: Multiple signals are important for male mating success in peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282: 1-10. 20152222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2222.","Girard, M. B. and J. A. Endler. 2014. Peacock spiders. Current Biology 24 (13): pR588-R590.","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2011. Multi-modal courtship in the peacock spider, Maratus volans (O.P.- Cambridge, 1874). PLoS ONE 6 (9): e25390: 1-10. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025390)","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2018a. The role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signalling systems. Behavioral Ecology 29 (6): 1234-1244.","Girard, M. B., M. M. Kasumovic and D. O. Elias. 2018b. Data from: the role of red coloration and song in peacock spider courtship: insights into complex signaling systems. Dryad Digital Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.86vt482","Hill, D. E. 2009. Euophryine jumping spiders that extend their third legs during courtship (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus, Saitis). Peckhamia 74.1: 1-27.","Hill, D. E. 2010. Sunda to Sahul: Trans-Wallacean distribution of recent salticid genera (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 80.1: 1-60.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2011. Visual display by male Maratus pavonis (Dunn 1947) and Maratus splendens (Rainbow 1896) (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 89.1: 1-41.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2014. Visual courtship display by the male Coastal Peacock Spider [Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus speciosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874)]. Peckhamia 119.1: 1-18.","Hill, D. E. and J. C. Otto. 2019. Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 196.1: 1-35.","Hoye, G. A. and P. B. McQuillan. 2014. Maratus harrisi (Araneae: Salticidae), a newly recorded peacock jumping spider for Tasmania. Tasmanian Naturalist 136: 78-82.","Hsiung, B.-K., T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2014. Structural color and its interaction with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders. In: The Nature of Light: Light in Nature V, ed. R. Liang and J. A. Shaw. Proceedings of SPIE 9187, 91870B: 1-20.","Hsiung, B.-K., N. M. Justyn, T. A. Blackledge and M. D. Shawkey. 2017a. Spiders have rich pigmentary and structural colour palettes. Journal of Experimental Biology 220: 1975-1983, doi:10.1242/jeb.156083","Hsiung, B.-K., R. H. Siddique, D. G. Stavenga, J. C. Otto, M. C. Allen, Y. Liu, Y-F. Lu, D. D. Deheyn, M. D. Shawkey and T. A. Blackledge. 2017b. Rainbow peacock spiders inspire miniature super-iridescent optics. Nature Communications 8: 2278: 1-8, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02451-x","Jackson, R. R. and M. B. Willey. 1995. Display and mating behaviour of Euophrys parvula, a New Zealand jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 22 (1): 1-16.","Karsch, F. 1878. Diagnoses Attoidarum aliquot novarum Novae Hollandiae collectionis Musei zoologici Berolinensis [Descriptions of several new salticids from Australia in the collection of the Berlin Museum]. Mittheilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins 2 (1): 22-32.","Keyserling, E. 1881. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1272-1324, pl. 109-112.","Keyserling, E. 1882. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1325-1420, pl. 113-120.","Keyserling, E. 1883. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1421-1489, pl. 120-123.","Koch, L. 1881. Die Arachniden Australiens. Nurnberg. 1: 1213-1271, pl. 104-108.","Mascord, R. 1970. Australian spiders in colour. A. H. and A. W. Redd Pty Ltd. Sydney. pp. 1-112.","McCoy, D. E., V. E. McCoy, N. K. Mandsberg, A. V. Shneidman, J. Aizenberg, R. O. Prum and D. Haig. 2019. Structurally assisted super black in colourful peacock spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 286 (1902): 1-9. [20190589]. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0589","Nieuwenhuys, E. 2008. Peacock spider, Maratus volans. Online at: http://www.xs4all.nl/~ednieuw/australian/salticidae/ Peacock_spider_Maratus_volans.htm","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2010. Observations of courtship display by a male Maratus amabilis Karsch 1878 (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 79.1: 1-16.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2011a. Maratus vespertilio (Simon 1901) (Araneae: Salticidae) from southern Australia. Peckhamia 92.1: 1-6.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2011b. An illustrated review of the known peacock spiders of the genus Maratus from Australia, with description of a new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 96.1: 1-27.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012a. Contests between male Maratus vespertilio (Simon 1901) (Araneae: Salticidae). Peckhamia 98.1: 1-17.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012b. Description of Darlington's Peacock Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus species A) from the Stirling Range National Park of Western Australia. Peckhamia 101.1: 1-21.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012c. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 103.1: 1-81.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012d. Two new Australian peacock spiders that display inflated and extended spinnerets (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 104.1: 1-28.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2012e. Notes on Maratus Karsch 1878 and related jumping spiders from Australia, with five new species (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae), version 2. Peckhamia 103.2: 1-82.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013a. A new peacock spider from Australia displays three 'sapphire gems' on a field of gold (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 105.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2013b. Three new Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Maratus). Peckhamia 108.1: 1-39.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014a. Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid. Peckhamia 112.1: 1-35.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014b. Description of a new peacock spider from Cape Le Grand, Western Australia, with observations on display by males and females and comparative notes on the related Maratus volans (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 114.1: 1-38.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014c. Description of a new peacock spider from the Gnangara Mound north of Perth, Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 115.1: 1-8.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2014d. Peacock spiders of the pavonis group from southern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 117.1: 1-62.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015a. Two new peacock spiders of the calcitrans group from southern Queensland (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus). Peckhamia 121.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015b. Adult display by a penultimate male Coastal Peacock Spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus speciosus). Peckhamia 122.1: 1-6.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015c. Maratus elephans, a new member of the volans group from New South Wales (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 123.1: 1-19.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2015d. Maratus personatus, a masked peacock spider from Cape Riche, Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae). Peckhamia 127.1: 1-30.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016a. Maratus fimbriatus, a new peacock spider from the Darling Riverine Plains of New South Wales, with a review of the Maratus chrysomelas group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 136.1: 1-24.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2016b. Seven new peacock spiders from Western Australia and South Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 141.1: 1-101.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017a. Five new peacock spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878 and Saratus, new genus). Peckhamia 147.1: 1-86.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017b. Five new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 152.1: 1-97.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2017c. Two new peacock spiders from southeastern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 153.1: 1-34.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018a. Two new peacock spiders from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 160.1: 1-42.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2018b. Two new peacock spiders in the vespa group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 168.1: 1-82.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019a. Three new peacock spiders from the southeast and southwest of Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus). Peckhamia 189.1: 1-77.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019b. Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3. Peckhamia 148.3: 1-28.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2019c. Maratus banyowla, a new peacock spider in the personatus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 195.1: 1-23.","Otto, J. C. and D. E. Hill. 2020. Maratus tiddalik, a new peacock spider in the flavus group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 223.1: 1-26.","Otto, J. C., D. E. Hill and R. Whyte. 2019. Australian jumping spiders of the genus Hypoblemum (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini). Peckhamia 180.1: 1-62.","Paquin, P., C. Vink, C. Duperre and N. Duperre. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. 1-118.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1885. Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters 6: 255-342, tables I-IV.","Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. 1886. Genera of the family Attidae: with a partial synonymy. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 6: 255-342.","Pickard-Cambridge, O. 1874. On some new genera and species of Araneida. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 4, volume 14, Issue Number 81, Paper 24: 169-183, plate XVII.","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae. Zeszyty Naukowe WSRP, Siedlce. Figs. 1-177.","Proszynski, J. 2017. Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1-133.","Rainbow, W. J. 1896. Descriptions of some new Araneidae of New South Wales. No. 7. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 21: 628-633.","Rainbow, W. J. 1911. A census of Australian Araneidae. Records of the Australian Museum 9: 107-319.","Roewer, C. F. 1951. Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Bremen 32: 437-456.","Ridewood, W. G. 1913. Guide to the exhibition of specimens illustrating the modification of the structure of animals in relation to flight. British Museum of Natural History, Special Guide 6: i-viii, 1-80.","Schubert, J. 2019a. Three new peacock spiders from Southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4564 (1): 81-100.","Schubert, J. 2019b. Maratus occasus, a new peacock spider from Queensland, Australia with a review of the Maratus tasmanicus group (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 187.1:1-10.","Schubert, J. 2020a. First records of Maratus robinsoni Otto & Hill 2012 and Maratus vultus Otto & Hill 2016 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878) from Victoria, Australia. Peckhamia 206.1: 1-7.","Schubert, J. 2020b. Seven new species of Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch, 1878). Zootaxa 4758 (1): 1-44.","Schubert, J. and R. Whyte. 2019. A new peacock spider from the Cape York Peninsula (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus Karsch 1878). Peckhamia 177.1:1-16.","Simon, E. 1901a. Histoire naturelle des Araignees, Paris 2: 381-668.","Simon. E. 1901b. Etudes arachnologiques. 31e. Memoire. L. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de la famille des Salticidae (suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 70: 66-76.","Simon, E. 1903. Histoire naturelle des Araignees, Paris 2: 669-1080.","Simon, E. 1909. Lief. 12. Araneae, 2me partie. In: Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Sr. W. Michaelseon und Dr. R. Hartmeyer. Band II, Lieferung 9-13. Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena. 155-212.","Stavenga, D. G., J. C. Otto and B. D. Wilts. 2016. Splendid coloration of the peacock spider Maratus splendens. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 13: 20160437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0437. pp. 1-8.","Waldock, J. M. 1993. Peacocks of the spider world. Australian Natural History 24:10-11.","Waldock, J. M. 1995. A new species of Maratus from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum. Supplement No. 52: 165-169.","Waldock, J. M. 2002. Redescription of Lycidas chrysomelas (Simon) (Araneae: Salticidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 21: 227-234.","Waldock, J. M. 2007. 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2. Cosmophasis baehrae Żabka & Waldock 2012 Figures 12-17, Map (Figures 1-2) #5 Material examined. Two adult females (HC-BN5f and HC-BN6f) were collected 13 FEB 2017 (preserved 18 FEB 2017) by the senior author on small garden croton plants (Euphorbiaceae: Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss.) growing along the roadside on Banda Neir in the Banda Islands. These specimens will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. One male (Figure 11) and two more females from this habitat were also photographed but not collected. Diagnosis. Adult males (Figure 12) can be identified by their mostly black and white colouration, including a median stripe of white setae extending from the front of the eye region, between the AME, to the clypeus. The sides of the carapace are covered with iridescent violet scales. Females (Figures 13-17) vary in appearance, but are generally brown to bronze or light-orange and ivory-white in colour, with white setae extending to the clypeus between the AME, as in the males. Identification can be confirmed by examining the epigynum, which bears two darker figures, each shaped like a retort (Figure 17). This is a widely-distributed but little-studied species, mostly from the tropical north of Australia (Figure 1)., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115 - 198."]}

9. Cosmophasis umbratica Simon 1903 Figures 41-45, Map (Figure 1) #57 A series of studies of the courtship and agonistic behavior of Cosmophasis umbratica have been published in recent years, based on spiders collected in Singapore (Lim & Li 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2007, 2013; Lim, Land & Li 2007; Lim, Li & Li 2008; Taylor & McGraw 2007). Land et al. (2007) described the layered structure of iridescent, ultraviolet reflecting scales of this species, and Bulbert et al (2015) later studied the predatory cost of male ornamentation. With all of these studies, one might assume that this species is well-known. That is not the case. The only descriptions that we have for C. umbratica are Simon's original but brief text description of a male, and subsequent drawings of Simon's male specimen by Prószyński (1984). Both appear here in their entirety, with a new English translation of Simon's description, in Appendix 5. Dyal (1935) listed an all-black 5 mm female with diminuitive ALE from remote Lahore, Pakistan under C. umbratica. That specimen is definitely not a Cosmophasis. Thus the female of C. umbratica, though often subject to study, has never been described. But even the description of the male (Simon 1903b; Prószyński 1984) is problematic. There is little here to suggest that C. umbratica is anything other than a synonym for C. thalassina. This is supported by the fact that the type for C. thalassina came from Bintan Island (see Appendix 4), near Singapore where C. umbratica has been most often observed. The drawing of the male pedipalp of C. umbratica by Prószyński (1984) differs somewhat from more recent published (Żabka & Waldock 2012) images of the pedipalp of C. thalassina in that the rotation of the pedipalp in the former is about 220°, the latter 160°. However this does not account for the possibility of intraspecific variation, or the possibility that Prószyński's drawing is either skewed in angle or inaccurately drawn. At present the two species cannot be reliably separated in the field. Those identified as C. umbratica have either a locality closer to Singapore than to Australia, males with more gold-colour in their iridescent scales, or females with more colourful scale colour. But we also know that female C. thalassina are quite variable in colouration, even in Australia, with distinct to indistinct transverse bars across the dorsal opisthosoma. In Figures 41-45 we present a series of photographs of males and females that could be identified as C. umbratica, as well as photographs of immatures from the same areas. The immatures are similar to the immature C. thalassina shown above (Figures 39-40)., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Land, M. F., J. Horwood, M. L. M. Lim and D. Li. 2007. Optics of the ultraviolet reflecting scales of a jumping spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 274: 1583 - 1589.","Bulbert, M. W., J. C. O'Hanlon, S. Zappettini, S. Zhang and D. Li. 2015. Sexually selected UV signals in the tropical ornate jumping spider, Cosmophasis umbratica may incur costs from predation. Ecology and Evolution 5 (4): 914 - 920.","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177.","Dyal, S. 1935. Fauna of Lahore. 4. Spiders of Lahore. Bulletin of the Department of Zoology of the Panjab University 1: 119 - 252, pl. 11 - 17.","Simon, E. 1903 b. Etudes arachnologiques. 34 e Memoire. LIV. Arachnides recueillis a Sumatra par M. J. Bouchard. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 72: 301 - 310.","Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115 - 198."]}

12. Cosmophasis waeri, new species Figures 51-52, Map (Figures 1-2) #60 Type material. The holotype ♀ (HC-BB5 f) was collected by the senior author on a small potted Codiaeum variegatum plant at Waer, on the eastern side of Banda Besar (Banda Island), in the Banda Islands (collected 8 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 18 FEB 2016). This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, waeri is a reference to the fact that this species was found at Waer on Banda Besar. Diagnosis. The female C. waeri most closely resembles C. squamata, also found on Banda Besar. However the epigynum is completely convex, lacking the two parallel furrows characteristic of C. squamata. In addition, a small orange spot is present at the center of each darker area on the dorsal opisthosoma of C. waeri. Below each light-yellow or off-white marginal band on either side of the opisthosoma, there is only a narrow and irregular dark brown line in the female C. waeri. This dark line is much wider in C. squamata. The carapace of our specimen appears to be rubbed in the eye region, but there is no sign of the pair of dark transverse bands that cross the carapace of C. squamata. The male is not known. Description of female (Figures 51-52). Length about 5 mm (Figure 52:1-2). Chelicerae typical for genus, dark amber in colour, mostly glabrous. A single large, unidentate, triangular tooth is present, toward the median, on both the anterior and posterior margins of each fang groove (Figure 52: 3-4). White scales surround the anterior eyes below, orange scales above. Scale cover of eye region not known. Narrow white band present around the margin of the carapace, a shorter narrow band just above this near the front. Carapace dark brown, with dense cover of iridescent green-gold scales around the sides and to the rear of the PLE. Dorsal opisthosoma covered with dense array of dark brown, rounded, overlapping scales, with a wide marginal band of light-yellow or off-white, rounded, overlapping scales extending from the front around most of the length of each side. Below this on either side a narrow, interrupted, brown line is present. Three transverse bands of these scales cross the dorsal opisthosoma, where a less regular and interrupted median tract of the same scales is also present. A small orange spot is present at the center of each dark-brown area. At the rear of the dorsal opisthosoma, and on the dorsal surfaces of the posterior lateral spinnerets, iridescent violet scales are present. Below, the opisthosoma is light yellow-brown, with two pairs of large white spots on either side, and a dark then light transverse band at the rear (Figure 52:2). The spinnerets are grey and unremarkable. Legs as shown in Figure 50, with some iridescence and indistinct longitudinal stripes. The epigynum (Figure 52:5-9) is convex and triangular, similar in outline to that of C. squamata but otherwise distinctive. Figure 52:9 (and to a lesser degree, Figure 52:5) best illustrates the pair of convex, diagonal lobes on either side of the septum, each behind a longer but narrower transverse lobe., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908

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7. Cosmophasis squamata Kulczyński 1910 Figures 3:1-2, 31-33, Map (Figure 1) #49 Almost all that we have known of this spider is based on a single female specimen collected on Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands in the month of September, at some time prior to 1910. When Kulczyński (1910) described this specimen in Latin, he provided only a simple drawing of the epigynum, later redrawn from this specimen by Prószyński (1984). The C. squamata male and female later described by Saaristo (2002) are actually C. lami, and the male C. squamata remains unknown. We have considered the possibility that C. bandaneira sp.nov. represents the male of this species, but that relationship is only speculative at this point. Material examined. One adult female (HC-BB1 f) was collected 8 FEB 2016 from a small plant on Banda Besar. This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. A second female was photographed on Banda Neira (Figure 32) but not collected. Diagnosis. To identify this species we must rely on characters that were described by Kulczyński, as well as Proszynski's subsequent drawing of the epigynum (Figure 33:12-13; Appendix 2) Other than the epigynum, the characters given by Kulczyński are insufficient to distinguish this spider from several other species. Nonetheless the epigynum is distinctive, bearing two nearly parallel furrows running lengthwise on either side of the median (Figure 33:7-13). Description of female. Pedipalps are uniform light yellow with a few white setae; they probably fluoresce brightly in ultraviolet light as do the pedipalps of female C. umbratica (Lim, Land & Li 2007). The chelicerae are dark amber, glabrous. There is one prominent tooth on the retromargin, and two small denticles on the promargin of the fang groove. Below, the AME are surrounded by white scales, above all four anterior eyes are surrounded by orange scales. The carapace is covered with iridescent green to gold scales, with one dark band passing through the posterior eye row, and a second dark band behind this. On either side of the carapace these dark bands are wider, violet iridescent. There are two narrow white marginal bands, the upper only present near the front of the carapace. The dorsal opisthosoma is covered with dense, overlapping, large, dark round scales, interrupted by bands of overlapping large, light-yellow round scales, one wrapping around both sides from the front margin, and three oriented transversely. In addition there are several median patches of the same light-yellow scales. The spinnerets are black, with iridescent violet scales above the posterior spinnerets. There are three pairs of large white patches on the venter, the rear pair smaller and contiguous (Figure 33:2). The legs are mostly light yellow, with some white banding on the patellae and distal metatarsus, and an iridescent sheen, particularly on the dorsal surface of the coxae. The epigynum (Figure 33: 7-13) is elevated and highly sclerotized, with a longitudinal furrow on either side of the elevated septum. These furrows diverge at the rear where more dark pigment is visible, and also diverge toward the front. Overall the epigynum is triangular in shape, with a well-defined posterior margin. The male Cosmophasis squamata is not known. As noted previously, It is possible that C. bandaneira sp.nov. is the male of either this species, or a closely related species. Two somewhat different penultimate males that have been photographed by the senior author (THC) on Banda Besar, but not reared to the adult stage, are shown in Figure 34., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on pages 33-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Kulczynski, W. 1910. Araneae et Arachnoidea Arthrogastra. In: Botanische und zoologische Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungreise nach den Samoainsiln, dem Neuguinea-Archipel und den Solomon inseln von Marz bis Dezember 1905 von Dr Karl Rechinger. III Teil. Denkschrift der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 85: 389 - 411.","Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177.","Saaristo, M. I. 2002. New species and interesting new records of spiders from Seychelles (Arachnida, Araneaea). Phelsuma 10 (Supplement A): 1 - 31."]}

3. Cosmophasis bandaneira, new species Figures 7:7, 18-20, Map (Figures 1-2) #6 Type material. The holotype ♂ (HC-BN 1m) was collected by the senior author on a small potted Codiaeum variegatum plant ln Banda Neira in the Banda Islands (collected 7 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 20 FEB 2016). This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, bandaneira, noun in apposition, is a reference to the fact that this species was found on Banda Neira. Diagnosis. The 380° rotation of the embolus is unusual for the genus (see Figure 6 and Appendix 1). The pattern of scales on the carapace and dorsal opisthosoma can also distinguish this species from related species with similar scale patterns (Figure 7). This general appearance, including the crests of black setae at the front of the eye region, most closely resembles that of the well-known C. thalassina. However in that species the rotation of the embolus is only ~160°, and the pedipalps are white with a black distal cymbium. The pedipalp of C. bandaneira is yellow with a brown cymbium. In addition, the black area to the rear of the carapace, and the anterior marginal band of C. bandaneira are more rectangular in outline. Description of male (holotype HC-BN 1m; Figures 7:7, 18-20). Body length including spinnerets close to 6.5 mm. Chelicerae typical of males for this genus, about as long as distance from top of paturon to top of carapace, dark red-brown in colour. The front of each paturon is flat, covered with transverse grooves or striae. One very large, unidentate, anterolateral (prolateral, near base of fang) tooth that projects anteroventrally, two smaller, unidentate anteromedial teeth, and one large, unidentate, posteromedial (retrolateral, medial) tooth are present on each chelicera (Figure 20:7). The flexible articulation of the chelicerae is about as high as the clypeus, and the height of each is about 1/2 the diameter of an AME. Near the median, white setae extend medioventrally from the clypeus, discontinuous with a thin marginal band of white setae that extends from the front around the sides of the carapace, and, above the marginal band, a second thin band of white setae on either side of the face. Each anterior eye is surrounded by a line of bordering white scales. A low crest of thick black setae crosses the front of the eye region. Just behind this is a band of bright blue iridescent scales between the small PME, extending to the sides of the carapace on either side where it merges with a cover of goldgreen to violet iridescent scales. At the rear of the eye region is a black band between the PLE, extending down to the margin of the carapace on either side. Just behind this is a second transverse band of bright blue iridescent scales extending down to the margin on either side. Behind this is a third, median black area with a rectangular outline toward the front and sides, and at the rear of this is a median, triangular tract of bright blue iridescent scales at the rear of the carapace. The opisthosoma is mostly shiny black, with a broad anterior marginal band comprised of light yellow scales, rectangular in outline at the front, and extending more than 2/3 of the length of the opisthosoma toward the rear on either side. An interrupted dorsomedial tract of bright blue iridescent scales runs along the length of the opisthosoma behind the anterior marginal band, and separate from it. Below two large white spots, and one smaller white spot at the rear, are present on either side of the opisthosoma. The spinnerets are black, with some iridescent green-gold to violet scales on the dorsal surface of each posterior lateral spinneret. The legs are light to dark brown and banded, mostly dorsally, with white scales. The femora tend to have violet iridescence, and the dorsal surfaces of each coxa and patella have bright, light-blue iridescence. The proximal segments of each pedipalp are light yellow, the proximal cymbium brown, and the distal cymbium dark brown. The dorsal surface of the femur of each pedipalp has an iridescent blue sheen. The tibia of each pedipalp has three marginal lobes, one rounded and ventral, one more acute and dorsal, and one retrolateral (lateral) between these, bearing the small, black RTA. Each RTA is curved ventrally at the end (Figure 20:13). The tegulum is circular from a ventral perspective, and the distal cymbium is long, almost as long as the tegulum, typical for this genus. However the ~380° rotation of the embolus is unusual (see Figure 6 and Appendix 1). The detailed structure of the pedipalp is remarkably similar to that of C. ambonensis sp.nov., despite the fact that these spiders are quite different in general appearance. The female is unknown. Since this male resembles males of the more sexually dimorphic Cosmophasis species (e.g., C. thalassina, C. umbratica, C. valerieae), we would expect the females to be quite different in appearance. It is also possible that this represents the male of a known species, such as the C. squamata that have been found in the Banda Islands, but that remains to be determined., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on pages 19-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908

1. Cosmophasis ambonensis, new species Figures 7:1, 8-11, Map (Figures 1-2) #3 Type material. The holotype ♂ (HC-AM 1m) was collected as a penultimate by the senior author on a outdoor gravel floor near food stands in Ambon (collected 8 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 20 FEB 2016). This single specimen, lacking the left pedipalp as an adult, will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, ambonensis, is a reference to the fact that this species is at present only known from Ambon. Diagnosis. The 390° rotation of the embolus is unusual (see Appendix 1). The pattern of scales on the carapace and dorsal opisthosoma also distinguishes this species from related species with similar scale patterns, many not described (Figure 7). Description of male (holotype HC-AM 1m; Figures 7:1, 8-11). Body length including spinnerets close to 5.5 mm. Chelicerae typical of males for this genus, about as long as distance from top of paturon to top of carapace, honey or yellow-brown in colour. The front of each paturon is flat, covered with transverse grooves or striae. One very large, unidentate, anterolateral (prolateral, near base of fang) tooth that projects anteroventrally, two small, unidentate anteromedial teeth, and one large, unidentate, posteromedial (retrolateral, medial) tooth are present on each chelicera (Figure 10:2). The flexible articulation of the chelicerae is about as high as the clypeus, and the height of each is about 1/2 the diameter of an AME. Near the median, white setae extend ventrally from the clypeus, discontinuous with a thin marginal band of white setae that extends from the front around the sides of the carapace, and, above the marginal band, a second thin band of white setae on either side of the face. The anterior eye row is surrounded by white scales below, by bright red-orange scales of the anterior eye region above. Toward the front the sides of the carapace are covered with golden-iridescent scales. The dorsal carapace is covered with three tracts of bright red-orange scales, separated by a narrower, transverse band of light-blue iridescent scales between the PME that is interrupted at the median, about half-way between the ALE and PLE, a somewhat wider transverse band of light-blue iridescent scales just behind the PLE, extending to the rear to meet the margin at either side, and a somewhat triangular, median tract of light-blue to gold iridescent scales at the rear of the carapace (Figure 9:2). Similarly, mostly transverse tracts of light-blue iridescent scales are separated by three wide bands of bright redorange scales on the dorsal opisthosoma, the first, at the front, interrupted by a median tract of light-blue iridescent scales (Figure 9:3). To the front and rear of the dorsal opisthosoma are bands of white to iridescent light-blue setae. The spinnerets are grey-black, with iridescent violet scales on the upper surface of each posterior spinneret. In life the legs are mostly honey or yellow-brown, with some light-blue iridescence above each coxa and femur. In life the proximal segments of each pedipalp, to include the tibia, are dull yellow, the cybium light yellow-brown, with light-blue iridescence above the distal femur and patella (Figure 9:4). Each tibia has three marginal lobes, one rounded and ventral, one more acute and dorsal, and one retrolateral (lateral) between these, bearing the small, black RTA. Each RTA is hooked at the end (Figure 10:10). The round tegulum is relatively wide, and the distal cymbium extended but relatively short, for spiders of this genus. The 390° rotation of the embolus (see Figure 6 and Appendix 1) is unusual for this genus. When immature (Figure 11), this male was very similar to the adult in colouration. Since immature males usually have a colour pattern similar to that of females, we can expect to find females of the same appearance at some time. This differs from the high degree of sexual dimorphism that is seen in other Cosmophasis species. Presently the female of this species in not known., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on pages 6-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Smutny, L. 2020. Cosmophasis from Raja Ampat, Zapadni Papua, Indonesie, online at https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 48804628"]}

8. Cosmophasis thalassina (C. L. Koch 1846) Figures 35-40, Map (Figure 1) #52 Cosmophasis thalassina, the type species for Cosmophasis, is well-known across the tropical north of Australia and neighboring Papua (Figure 1; Żabka & Waldock 2012; Whyte & Anderson 2017), but there is some question regarding its distribution to the north and west, in Sunda. The females appear to be quite variable in colouration. Little is known of the biology of this species, other than a single observation of what appears to represent a female of this species feeding on butterfly eggs in Queensland (Donovan & Hill 2017). C. L. Koch (1846) described this species from a male collected on Bantan Island, just southeast of Singapore (Appendix 4). Diagnosis. No type specimens have been found, so our ability to identify this species relies primarily on the original description by C. L. Koch (1846; see Figure 4:1 and Appendix 4), and its subsequent redescription by Żabka & Waldock (2012). In Australia, males can be readily separated from C. baehrae by their lack of a lateral black stripe below each ALE. Behind a white face that extends partly to the sides of the carapace, each male has a short but thick black crest above the anterior eye row, a second black band extending between the PLE, and a third black band crossing the rear of the carapace. Otherwise the carapace is covered with mostly iridescent green, but perhaps iridescent blue, scales, with the sides of the carapace covered with multicoloured gold to violet scales. The opisthosoma is generally black, with a white marginal band extending around the sides from the front, and a tract of bright iridescent scales at the median. On the venter are the three pairs of large white spots seen in other Cosmophasis species. The pedipalps are white with black tips, a feature shared with male C. baehrae and perhaps other species. Genitalia are well-described by Żabka & Waldock (2012). The male pedipalp is not unusual. The origin of the embolus is near the 160° position, depending somewhat on how it is photographed or drawn, and the distal cymbium is quite short. Although females vary greatly in colouration, their genitalia may suffice for their identification. According to Żabka & Waldock (2012), C. micans (L. Koch 1880) from "Cape York " is a good species, but they could find no specimens of this Australian species and none may exist, perhaps not even in nature. The female of this species is not known. There is little in the description of the male, and the drawings that accompany this description (Appendix 3), to suggest that this is anything other than a male C. thalassina. However, according to L. Koch, the AME of this male are separated from the lower edge of the carapace (the bottom of the clypeus) by almost twice their length. This is remarkable, something not seen in other Cosmophasis. But Koch's drawing fails to show the flexible articulation of the chelicerae between the clypeus and the chelicerae, and this may have been misinterpreted by the artist. Because of this articulation, the AME of C. thalassina, at least in a preserved specimen, can be separated from the chelicerae by something close to two times their diameter. In a revision of the genus C. micans might be declared a nomen dubium. Although C. thalassina is widely-distributed and both the male and female have been described, it can still be difficult to identify this spider in the field. In large part this is due to its similarity with C. umbratica, or perhaps to some other species with a similar appearance that have yet to be described from life. The living males illustrated by Żabka & Waldock (2012, fig. 60A-B) look like C. baehrae. The examples that we show here (Figures 35-40) agree with the original description of C. thalassina, as well as the excellent photographs of that species recently published by Whyte & Anderson (2017)., Published as part of Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E., 2021, Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini), pp. 1-84 in Peckhamia 228 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7171908, {"references":["Koch, C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden. J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg, Dreizehnter Band: 1 - 234, pl. 433 - 468, figs. 1078 - 1271.","Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115 - 198.","Koch, L. 1880. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Erster Theil, Lieferung 26. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg. 1157 - 1212, pl. 100 - 104."]}

12. Cosmophasis waeri, new species Figures 51-52, Map (Figures 1-2) #60 Type material. The holotype ♀ (HC-BB5 f) was collected by the senior author on a small potted Codiaeum variegatum plant at Waer, on the eastern side of Banda Besar (Banda Island), in the Banda Islands (collected 8 FEB 2016, specimen preserved in alcohol 18 FEB 2016). This specimen will be deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville. Etymology. The species name, waeri is a reference to the fact that this species was found at Waer on Banda Besar. Diagnosis. The female C. waeri most closely resembles C. squamata, also found on Banda Besar. However the epigynum is completely convex, lacking the two parallel furrows characteristic of C. squamata. In addition, a small orange spot is present at the center of each darker area on the dorsal opisthosoma of C. waeri. Below each light-yellow or off-white marginal band on either side of the opisthosoma, there is only a narrow and irregular dark brown line in the female C. waeri. This dark line is much wider in C. squamata. The carapace of our specimen appears to be rubbed in the eye region, but there is no sign of the pair of dark transverse bands that cross the carapace of C. squamata. The male is not known. Description of female (Figures 51-52). Length about 5 mm (Figure 52:1-2). Chelicerae typical for genus, dark amber in colour, mostly glabrous. A single large, unidentate, triangular tooth is present, toward the median, on both the anterior and posterior margins of each fang groove (Figure 52: 3-4). White scales surround the anterior eyes below, orange scales above. Scale cover of eye region not known. Narrow white band present around the margin of the carapace, a shorter narrow band just above this near the front. Carapace dark brown, with dense cover of iridescent green-gold scales around the sides and to the rear of the PLE. Dorsal opisthosoma covered with dense array of dark brown, rounded, overlapping scales, with a wide marginal band of light-yellow or off-white, rounded, overlapping scales extending from the front around most of the length of each side. Below this on either side a narrow, interrupted, brown line is present. Three transverse bands of these scales cross the dorsal opisthosoma, where a less regular and interrupted median tract of the same scales is also present. A small orange spot is present at the center of each dark-brown area. At the rear of the dorsal opisthosoma, and on the dorsal surfaces of the posterior lateral spinnerets, iridescent violet scales are present. Below, the opisthosoma is light yellow-brown, with two pairs of large white spots on either side, and a dark then light transverse band at the rear (Figure 52:2). The spinnerets are grey and unremarkable. Legs as shown in Figure 50, with some iridescence and indistinct longitudinal stripes. The epigynum (Figure 52:5-9) is convex and triangular, similar in outline to that of C. squamata but otherwise distinctive. Figure 52:9 (and to a lesser degree, Figure 52:5) best illustrates the pair of convex, diagonal lobes on either side of the septum, each behind a longer but narrower transverse lobe.

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