Search

Euxoa tritici-nigrofusca-eruta- Komplex Im neuen Beobachtungszeitraum liegen seit 2014 aus dem Gebiet>17 Datens��tze ��ber Falterfunde aus diesem schwierigen Artenkomplex vor. Eine Artzuordnung ist problematisch: Nach Meinung von SEGERER & HAUSMANN (2011) ��� ��� erlauben weder ��ussere noch genitalmorphologische Merkmale die zweifelsfreie Unterscheidung der Taxa ��� Auch vorl��ufige Ergebnisse des ���DNA-Barcoding��� sprechen nicht f��r Unterschiede auf Artniveau ��� ��� (S. 92���93). Bei den j��hrlichen Treffen m��rkischer Entomologen in Dannenreich, die auch der Bestimmung schwieriger Arten dienten, wurden drei der vorgelegten Falter dem Habitus nach den Taxa nigrofusca bzw. eruta durch J. Gelbrecht und A. Steiner zugeordnet. Die Daten dieser Funde werden nachfolgend aufgef��hrt (keine Genitalpr��paration)., Published as part of Richert, Arnold, 2018, Die Grossschmetterlinge (Macrolepidoptera) der Diluviallandschaften um Eberswalde. Vierter Nachtrag, Erg��nzungen zur Verbreitung, Biologie und Ph��nologie seit 2013, pp. 177-346 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 68 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.68.2.177-346, http://zenodo.org/record/5744209, {"references":["SEGERER, H. & HAUSMANN, A. 2011: Die Grossschmetterlinge Deutschlands. - Heterocera Press, Budapest: 308 S."]}

Euxoa (Pleonectopoda) culminicola (Staudinger, 1870) (Figs 35, 36, 49, 51) Agrotis culminicola Staudinger, 1870, Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift 1870: 107. Type-locality "Monte Rosa." Syntypes: MNHU, Berlin. References: Warren 1909–1914: 30, Pl. 6 row e (Euxoa); Hampson 1903: 241, (Euxoa); Bang-Haas 1922: 36, Pl. 9: 12 (Euxoa); Corti & Draudt 1931 –1938: 28, (Euxoa); Fibiger 1990: 64, Pl. 6: 32, 33, (Euxoa, Pleonectopoda); Fibiger 1997: 67, fig. 43 (Euxoa, Euxoa) Fibiger et al. 2011: 42 (Euxoa, Euxoa). Note. The species was placed by Fibiger (1993) in the subgenus Pleonectopoda, but later it was moved to the subgenus Euxoa (s. str.) (Fibiger 1997) where it was maintained in the last checklist of European Noctuoidea (Fibiger et al. 2011). Here we restore its placement in Pleonectopoda on the basis of the vesica's being twisted subbasally and wing pattern features enumerated in the description. The species is similar to the Nearctic westermanni species group (Lafontaine 1987). In the course of present study, we examined an extensive material on E. culminicola from European Alps. Genitalia slides GB, 0 440, 8449 males, 8448, 8449, 8450 females, coll. GB/ ZSM. Distribution. Europe: Germany (South Bavaria); Austria (Vorarlberg, North- and East Tyrol, Alps, Salzburg); Andorra; South France (Mid Pyrenees, Provence, Alps de Haute Provence: Central Italy Apennines, Abruzzens); Switzerland (Graubünden, Wallis). The moths collected at the elevation over 2000 m. Note. The records from Central Italy (Montagna Grande, 1,800 m in ZSM) were most likely based on spuriously labeled material by F. Dannehl to increase the selling price (A. Zilli, pers. comm.) and require confirmation., Published as part of Kononenko, V. S., Behounek, G. & Gyulai, P., 2018, Descriptions of two new species of Euxoa Hübner, [1821], subgenus Pleonectopoda Grote, 1873, from Siberia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), pp. 258-270 in Zootaxa 4483 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1437657, {"references":["Staudinger, O. (1870) Beschreibung neuer Lepidopteren des europaischen faunengebiets. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 14, 97 - 132.","Hampson, G. F. (1903) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Fol. 4. Taylor and Francis, London, 689 pp.","Bang-Haas, O. (1922) Die Typen der Gattung Agrotis der Coll. Staudinger und Coll. Bang - Haas in Dresden - Blasewitz. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 36, 31 - 39.","Corti, A. & Draudt, M. (1931 - 1938) In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die palaearktischen Eulenartigen Nachtfalter. Supplement. Band 3. Alfred Kernen-Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 332 + pls. 1 - 26.","Fibiger, M. (1990) Noctuidae Europaeae. Fol. 1. Noctuinae 1. Entomological Press, Soro, 208 pp.","Fibiger, M. (1997) Noctuidae Europaeae. Fol. 3. Noctuinae 3. Entomological Press, Soro, 418 pp.","Fibiger, M., Yela, J. L., Zilli, A., Varga, Z., Ronkay, G. & Ronkay, L. (2011) Check list of the quadrifid Noctuoidea of Europe. In: witt, T. & Ronkay, L. (Eds.), Lymantriidae and Arctiidae including phylogeny and check list of the quadrifid Noctuoidea of Europe. Noctuidae Europaeae. Fol. 11. Entomological press, Soro, pp. 23 - 44.","Fibiger, M. (1993) Noctuidae Europaeae. Fol. 2. Noctuinae 2. Entomological Press, Soro, 230 pp. [in \" Note \" on page 6 of teXt]","Lafontaine, J. D. (1987) Noctuoidea: Noctuidae (part): Noctuinae (Part-EuXoa). In: Dominick R. B. (Eds.), The Moths of America North of Mexico. Fascicle 27. 2. The wedge Entomological Research Foundation, washington, pp. 1 - 237."]}

Euxoa (Pleonectopoda) steideli sp. n. (Figs 1���6, 10���12, 21���28, 42���44) Type material. Holotype: male, labeled (in German): ���NE Russia W Buryatia, Sayangeb. 400 km W Baikal-See, 24 km nr. Sagan-Shuluta a. Irkuta. 51��(53���55) 36���N, 100��43���46���E 9-14.vii.2012 /NN 1850���1950 m, leg. A. Steidel, u. Gruppe ��� [Russia, west of Buryatia Autonomic Respublic, Tunkinsky reg., 24 km from Sagan-Shuluta village, East Sayan Range, 1850���1950 m], slide GB 8446, coll. GB/ ZSM. Paratypes: 2 males, same data, slide GB 8237, coll. GB/ ZSM; 8 males 14.vii.2012, same locality and collectors (coll. HSW). The holotype and one paratype mentioned above are preserve in the collection of Gottfried Behounek (Grafing, near Munich, Germany), later to be deposited in ZSM. 1 male, Russia, Tuva, Naryn river 50��08���N, 96��00���E, 1450 m, NN, 6.vii.1996, leg. J.Kr��ger, coll. PG, slide PG 730. 1 male (with red brown forewing), labeled as ���Russland-Sibirien, Mondy [Russia, Siberia, Buryatia, Mondy] 1887 m, 54��.36.8��� N, 100��45.41,5���E, 6���14. 0 7. 2012, Klaus Metz ���, coll. PG, slide PG 3347. 1 male, South Siberia, Chita reg. Kuka vill., 25.v.���10.vi.1999, leg. Chech collector., coll. PG, genitalia slide PG 3424. The series of the paratypes preserve in the collection of Peter Gyulai (Miskolc, Hungary). 1 male, Russia, South Siberia, Tuva, Naryn River / Arzhan, 50��13���N, 96��15���E, 1900 m, 24���26.vi.1996, leg. J. Kr��ger; 1 male same locality, 50��08���N 96��00���E, 1450 m, 6.vii.1996, leg. J.Kr��ger; 1 male, same locality, 50�� 08���N 96�� 00���E, 1450 m, 6.vii.1996, leg. A.Saldaitis (Coll. ZFMK). Diagnosis. The new species externally looks very similar to Euxoa muldersi Lafontaine & Troubridge, 2010 (Figs 16, 17), recently described from Canada. It differs from the latter in its larger size (forewing length 19���20 mm vs 13���15 mm in E. muldersi), sharper and less blackish forewing pattern, usually with ash-grey background and very light-brown shading, paler basally, with the terminal band more expressed on the hindwing, and normally developed eyes (reduced in E. muldersi). The male genitalia of E. steideli (Figs 42���44) differ from those of E. muldersi in the shape of the valva, which is less narrow basally, and with a longer and somewhat narrower saccular extension, nearly equal to the harpe (sensu Forbes 1954) in length, and a larger sub-basal diverticulum. Among the Palaearctic species, E. steideli is most similar to E. hyperborea Lafontaine (Fig. 20, 41, 49), from which it differs by more variable wing pattern and coloration and by the structure of the male genitalia, particularly the shape of the valva, which is constricted basally and somewhat extended distally, the narrower harpe-saccular extension complex, and the less well developed medial extension of the vesica. Description. Adult (Figs 1���6, 10���12, 21���28). Wingspan 39���43 mm, length of forewing 19���20 mm. Frons with elongate, conical, slightly rojecting dorsally tubercle; eyes round; male antenna shortly biserrate, with segments about 1.3�� as wide as shaft, with bristle on each segment; first segment of antennae with ring of white scales. Head and thorax covered with white, grey and black hair-like and strap-like scales, usually covering the frontal tubercle. Thorax dorsally covered with yellowish���grey hair-like scale; abdomen covered with pale grey or reddish-grey scales. Tibiae armed with one row of spines on each leg, typical for Euxoa. Forewing narrow, elongate; ground colour in most cases pale ash grey with a mixture of brown and black scales; darker greyish brown, olive brown or reddish brown in medial, subterminal and terminal areas. Wing pattern ground plan typical for Euxoa, formed by basal, antemedial, postmedial and subterminal lines, a basal dash, orbicular, reniform and claviform stigmata. Basal and subbasal fields in most cases ash grey, the basal line prounounced in the costal area; basal streak distinct, or diffuse; antemedial line dentate, greyish, outlined with black; medial field darker than ante- and postmedial fields, greyish brown, olive brown or reddish brown, bearing pale scales, outlined by blackish scales and sometimes darker in the centre of the orbicular, reniform and claviform stigmata; postmedial line dentate along veins; postmedial field paler than medial field, with pale-grey suffusion along veins and blackish or greyish dashes between veins; subterminal line pale, thin, diffuse; terminal field dark grey or yellowish grey, pale along veins; terminal line as a row or blackish vertical streaks, interrupted opposite veins; fringe yellowish-grey with black scales. Hindwing pale, yellowish-grey, with distinct discal spot, dark-grey veins and broad greyish with pale yellowish scales on terminal band; fringe pale yellowish grey. Underside forewing pale grey, with distinct reniform, broad diffused postmedial band and marked subterminal band; hindwing pale yellowish grey shadowed with grey along costal margin, with distinct discal spot, wide blackish postmedial band and darker yellowish-grey terminal band; fringe yellowish. Variability. E. steideli is rather variable by wing coloration and pattern. Most specimens collected in the upper Irkut valley (Sagan-Shuluta) have ash-grey wings and body (Figs 1���3, 21���24), similar to E. muldersi. Beside these typical ash-grey specimens with differentiated wing pattern elements, one examined male specimen has reddishbrown ground forewing colouration with the subcostal area and veins suffused with grey scales, a dark-brown subbasal field, and the main wing pattern elements brown (Figs 3, 24). The specimens from Tuva populations have dull-grey or reddish-grey wing colouration with non-contrast the main elements visible as or thin borders (Figs 4���6, 25���28) (ante- and post medial lines, orbicular and reniform stigmata represented by thin, sometimes indistinct lines or by pale, dentate borders). Male genitalia. (Figs 42, 43). Similar to those of E. muldersi (Fig. 40) in most details, but valva somewhat broader; saccular extensions thinner and longer, left extension is almost equal to harpe in length and slightly thinner; the angle between harpe and saccular extension broader; subbasal diverticulum in vesica larger, medial diverticulum smaller. Compared with E. hyperborea, it differs by the shape of valva more constricted basally and markedly extended distally, rounded cucullus and narrower harpe ��� saccular extension complex and less developed medial extension of vesica in the aedeagus. Female unknown. Etymology. The species is named for German geologist and insect collector Axel Steidel who collected the species in the Sayan Mts. (upper reach of Irkut River) in South Siberia and brought it to the attention of authors. Distribution and bionomics (Fig. 39). The species is known only from mountains of South Siberia: Russia, Tuva, Naryn River valley; southwest of Buryatia, Tunkinsky region, East Sayan Range, upper reach of Irkut River, near Sagan-Shuluta village; Mondy village; south Transbaikalia, Kuka village. Specimens were collected by light in the montane steppe, and river banks at elevation 1850���1950 m. Larva and larval biology unknown., Published as part of Kononenko, V. S., Behounek, G. & Gyulai, P., 2018, Descriptions of two new species of Euxoa H��bner, [1821], subgenus Pleonectopoda Grote, 1873, from Siberia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), pp. 258-270 in Zootaxa 4483 (2) on pages 260-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1437657, {"references":["Lafontaine, J. D. & Troubridge, J. T. (2010) Two new species of the Euxoa westermannia species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae). ZooKeys, 39, 255 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 39.436","Forbes, w. T. M. (1954) The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part 3. Noctuidae. Cornell University, Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 329, 1 - 433."]}

Euxoa (Pleonectopoda) churchillensis (Mcdunnough, 1932) (Figs 18, 19) Agrotiphila churchillensis Mcdunnough, 1932, Canadian entomologist 64: 105. Type-locality: Manitoba, Churchill. Holotype: CNC, Ottawa. References: Hardwick 1970: 107, fig. 293 (Euxoa, Pleonectopoda); Kononenko, Lafontaine & Mikkola 1996: 92 (Euxoa); Lafontaine & Troubridge 2010: 258, figs. 5���7 (Euxoa, Pleonectopoda). Note. Euxoa churchillensis has been reported for Russia from Taimyr (Kononenko et al. 1996). The species is reported here for Northeast Siberia (Chukotka) for the first time on the basis of single female specimen from ZISP, labeled [Russia], ��� Chukotka, Z.[zaliv] Geka, 18.vii. [19]33. Portenko ��� ��� [Chukotka, Gek Bay in mouth of Anadyr Rives. 18.vii.1933, leg. Portenko]. Distribution. Russian and Canadian Arctic (Beringian) and western United States. Russia, Krasnoyarsk terr., Taimyr peninsula, Chukotka, mouth of Anadyr River; North America: Canada, Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Isl. Austin, North West Territories, Prov. Manitoba, Prov. Ontario [extreme northern Ontario]; USA, Pennsylvania Mountain, Colorado; New Mexico [alpine habitats]., Published as part of Kononenko, V. S., Behounek, G. & Gyulai, P., 2018, Descriptions of two new species of Euxoa H��bner, [1821], subgenus Pleonectopoda Grote, 1873, from Siberia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), pp. 258-270 in Zootaxa 4483 (2) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1437657, {"references":["Mcdunnough, J. H. (1932) Notes on Agrotid genera with descriptions of new species (Lepid.). The Canadian Entomologist, 64, 104 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 64104 - 5","Hardwick, D. F. (1970) The genus Euxoa in North America, I. Subgenera: Orosagrotis, Longivescia, Chorizagrotis, Pleonctopoda and Crassivescia. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 67, 1 - 175.","Kononenko, V. S., Lafontaine, J. D. & Mikkola, K. (1996) TaXonomy and zoogeography of some arctic Noctuidae (Lepidoptera), with description of three new species and one new subspecies. Annales Entomologica Fennica, 200, 83 - 94.","Lafontaine, J. D. & Troubridge, J. T. (2010) Two new species of the Euxoa westermannia species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae). ZooKeys, 39, 255 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 39.436"]}

Euxoa (Pleonectopoda) steideli sp. n. (Figs 1–6, 10–12, 21–28, 42–44) Type material. Holotype: male, labeled (in German): “NE Russia W Buryatia, Sayangeb. 400 km W Baikal-See, 24 km nr. Sagan-Shuluta a. Irkuta. 51°(53–55) 36′N, 100°43–46′E 9-14.vii.2012 /NN 1850–1950 m, leg. A. Steidel, u. Gruppe ” [Russia, west of Buryatia Autonomic Respublic, Tunkinsky reg., 24 km from Sagan-Shuluta village, East Sayan Range, 1850–1950 m], slide GB 8446, coll. GB/ ZSM. Paratypes: 2 males, same data, slide GB 8237, coll. GB/ ZSM; 8 males 14.vii.2012, same locality and collectors (coll. HSW). The holotype and one paratype mentioned above are preserve in the collection of Gottfried Behounek (Grafing, near Munich, Germany), later to be deposited in ZSM. 1 male, Russia, Tuva, Naryn river 50°08′N, 96°00′E, 1450 m, NN, 6.vii.1996, leg. J.Krüger, coll. PG, slide PG 730. 1 male (with red brown forewing), labeled as “Russland-Sibirien, Mondy [Russia, Siberia, Buryatia, Mondy] 1887 m, 54°.36.8′ N, 100°45.41,5′E, 6–14. 0 7. 2012, Klaus Metz ”, coll. PG, slide PG 3347. 1 male, South Siberia, Chita reg. Kuka vill., 25.v.–10.vi.1999, leg. Chech collector., coll. PG, genitalia slide PG 3424. The series of the paratypes preserve in the collection of Peter Gyulai (Miskolc, Hungary). 1 male, Russia, South Siberia, Tuva, Naryn River / Arzhan, 50°13′N, 96°15′E, 1900 m, 24–26.vi.1996, leg. J. Krüger; 1 male same locality, 50°08′N 96°00′E, 1450 m, 6.vii.1996, leg. J.Krüger; 1 male, same locality, 50° 08′N 96° 00′E, 1450 m, 6.vii.1996, leg. A.Saldaitis (Coll. ZFMK). Diagnosis. The new species externally looks very similar to Euxoa muldersi Lafontaine & Troubridge, 2010 (Figs 16, 17), recently described from Canada. It differs from the latter in its larger size (forewing length 19–20 mm vs 13–15 mm in E. muldersi), sharper and less blackish forewing pattern, usually with ash-grey background and very light-brown shading, paler basally, with the terminal band more expressed on the hindwing, and normally developed eyes (reduced in E. muldersi). The male genitalia of E. steideli (Figs 42–44) differ from those of E. muldersi in the shape of the valva, which is less narrow basally, and with a longer and somewhat narrower saccular extension, nearly equal to the harpe (sensu Forbes 1954) in length, and a larger sub-basal diverticulum. Among the Palaearctic species, E. steideli is most similar to E. hyperborea Lafontaine (Fig. 20, 41, 49), from which it differs by more variable wing pattern and coloration and by the structure of the male genitalia, particularly the shape of the valva, which is constricted basally and somewhat extended distally, the narrower harpe-saccular extension complex, and the less well developed medial extension of the vesica. Description. Adult (Figs 1–6, 10–12, 21–28). Wingspan 39–43 mm, length of forewing 19–20 mm. Frons with elongate, conical, slightly rojecting dorsally tubercle; eyes round; male antenna shortly biserrate, with segments about 1.3× as wide as shaft, with bristle on each segment; first segment of antennae with ring of white scales. Head and thorax covered with white, grey and black hair-like and strap-like scales, usually covering the frontal tubercle. Thorax dorsally covered with yellowish–grey hair-like scale; abdomen covered with pale grey or reddish-grey scales. Tibiae armed with one row of spines on each leg, typical for Euxoa. Forewing narrow, elongate; ground colour in most cases pale ash grey with a mixture of brown and black scales; darker greyish brown, olive brown or reddish brown in medial, subterminal and terminal areas. Wing pattern ground plan typical for Euxoa, formed by basal, antemedial, postmedial and subterminal lines, a basal dash, orbicular, reniform and claviform stigmata. Basal and subbasal fields in most cases ash grey, the basal line prounounced in the costal area; basal streak distinct, or diffuse; antemedial line dentate, greyish, outlined with black; medial field darker than ante- and postmedial fields, greyish brown, olive brown or reddish brown, bearing pale scales, outlined by blackish scales and sometimes darker in the centre of the orbicular, reniform and claviform stigmata; postmedial line dentate along veins; postmedial field paler than medial field, with pale-grey suffusion along veins and blackish or greyish dashes between veins; subterminal line pale, thin, diffuse; terminal field dark grey or yellowish grey, pale along veins; terminal line as a row or blackish vertical streaks, interrupted opposite veins; fringe yellowish-grey with black scales. Hindwing pale, yellowish-grey, with distinct discal spot, dark-grey veins and broad greyish with pale yellowish scales on terminal band; fringe pale yellowish grey. Underside forewing pale grey, with distinct reniform, broad diffused postmedial band and marked subterminal band; hindwing pale yellowish grey shadowed with grey along costal margin, with distinct discal spot, wide blackish postmedial band and darker yellowish-grey terminal band; fringe yellowish. Variability. E. steideli is rather variable by wing coloration and pattern. Most specimens collected in the upper Irkut valley (Sagan-Shuluta) have ash-grey wings and body (Figs 1–3, 21–24), similar to E. muldersi. Beside these typical ash-grey specimens with differentiated wing pattern elements, one examined male specimen has reddishbrown ground forewing colouration with the subcostal area and veins suffused with grey scales, a dark-brown subbasal field, and the main wing pattern elements brown (Figs 3, 24). The specimens from Tuva populations have dull-grey or reddish-grey wing colouration with non-contrast the main elements visible as or thin borders (Figs 4–6, 25–28) (ante- and post medial lines, orbicular and reniform stigmata represented by thin, sometimes indistinct lines or by pale, dentate borders). Male genitalia. (Figs 42, 43). Similar to those of E. muldersi (Fig. 40) in most details, but valva somewhat broader; saccular extensions thinner and longer, left extension is almost equal to harpe in length and slightly thinner; the angle between harpe and saccular extension broader; subbasal diverticulum in vesica larger, medial diverticulum smaller. Compared with E. hyperborea, it differs by the shape of valva more constricted basally and markedly extended distally, rounded cucullus and narrower harpe – saccular extension complex and less developed medial extension of vesica in the aedeagus. Female unknown. Etymology. The species is named for German geologist and insect collector Axel Steidel who collected the species in the Sayan Mts. (upper reach of Irkut River) in South Siberia and brought it to the attention of authors. Distribution and bionomics (Fig. 39). The species is known only from mountains of South Siberia: Russia, Tuva, Naryn River valley; southwest of Buryatia, Tunkinsky region, East Sayan Range, upper reach of Irkut River, near Sagan-Shuluta village; Mondy village; south Transbaikalia, Kuka village. Specimens were collected by light in the montane steppe, and river banks at elevation 1850–1950 m. Larva and larval biology unknown.

The genus Euxoa H��bner, [1821] is regarded as the most highly evolved among the genera of the subfamily Noctuinae and contains by far the largest number of species of the subfamily in Europe and in the Palaearctic region. Fifty-four species of this genus has been already reported from Iran. In this paper a list of 17 already recorded species and subspecies of Euxoa from the north-east of Iran is given and discussed. Furthermore, E. acuminifera (Eversmann, 1854) is newly reported for the fauna of Iran. Figures of its adult male and female and their genitalia are provided together with bionomics and distribution of the species., {"references":["Boursin, C. 1940. Beiträgezur Kenntnis der \"Agrotidae-Trifinae\" XXIII. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 30: 474–543.","Brandt, W. 1941. Beitragezur Lepidopteren fauna von Iran (3). Neue Agrotidennebst Faunenverzeichnissen. Mitteilungender Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 31: 835–863.","Ebert, G. and Hacker, H.H. 2002. Beitragzurfauna der Noctuidae des Iran: Verzeichnis der bestände im staatlichen museum fürnaturkunde Karlsruhe, taxonomische Bemerkungenund beschreibungneuer Taxa. Esperiana, 9: 237–409.","Eversmann, E. 1854. Beiträgezur Lepidopterologie Russlands und Beschreibung einiger anderer Insektenaus den südlichen Kirgisensteppen, den nördlichen Ufern des Aralsees und des Sir-Darja's. Bulletin de la Sociétéimpériale des naturalistes de Moscou, 27 (3): 174–205.","Fet, V. 1994. Bio geographic Position of the Khorassan-Kopetdagh. In: Fet, V. and tamuradov, K. I. (Eds.), Biogeography and Ecology of Turkmenistan. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston and London, pp. 197–204.","Fibiger, M. 1990. Noctuinae I. Noctuidae Europaeae. Volume 1. Entomological Press, Sorø, Denmark, 208 pp.","Fibiger, M. 1997. Noctuinae III. Noctuidae Europaeae. Volume 3. Entomological Press, Sorø, Denmark, 418 pp.","Gyulai, P. and Varga, Z. 2006. New taxa of Noctuidae, Noctuinae from Iran and Central Asia (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 12: 271–281.","Hacker, H. H. 1990. Die Noctuidae Vorderasiens (Lepidoptera). Systematische List miteiner Übersichtüber die Verbreit ungunter besondere Berücksichtigung der fauna der Türkei (einschließlich der Nachbargebiete Balkan, Südrußland, Westturkestan, Arabische Halbinsel, Ägypten). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 27: 1–707.","Hacker, H. and Kautt, P. 1999. Noctuoideaausdem Iran, gesammelt 1997 von A. Hofmann und P. kautt (Insecta, Lepidoptara). Esperiana, 7: 473–484.","Hacker, H. and Meineke, J. U. 2001. Beitragzur Faunader Noctuidae des Iran: Ergebnisse von Forschungen der Jahre 1998 bis 2000 (Lepidoptera). Contribution to the Fauna of Noctuidae of Iran: Results of the Researches During Years 1998 to 2000 (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 8:791–810.","Heshmati G. A. 2007. Vegetation characteristics of four ecological zones of Iran. International Journal of Plant Production, 1(2):25–224.","Merzheevskaya, O. I. 1988. Larvae of owlet moths biology, morphology, and classification (Noctuidae). Amerind Publication Co. New Delhi, India. 419 pp.","Modarres Awal, M. 2002. List of agricultural pests in Iran and their natural enemies. Ferdowsi University, Iran, 364 pp. (in Persian)","Muhabbet, K., Seven, S. and Koçak, A.Ö. 2007. List of the Irano-Anatolian Noctuidae with some faunal and zoogeographical remarks based upon the Info-System of the Cesa (Lepidoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, Priamus Supplement, 9: 1–88.","Rabieh, M. M., Seraj, A. A. and Esfandiari, M. 2013. Contribution to the noctuid fauna of NE Iran: Noctuinae, Hadeninae and Plusiinae (Lepidoptera), with additions to the Iranian fauna. Phegea, 42 (1): 14–21.","Raziei, T., Daneshkar Arasteh, P. and Saghfian, B. 2005. Annual Rainfall Trend in Arid and Semi-arid Regions ofIran. ICID 21st European Regional Conference, 15-19 May 2005, Frankfurt (Oder) and Slubice, Germany and Poland, pp. 1-8.","Varga, Z., Gyulai, P. and Miatleuski, J. 2002. New species of Noctuidae, Noctuinae from Iran and Central Asia. Esperiana, 9: 349–362.","Wieser, C. and Stangelmaier, G. 2005. Zwischenergebnisse einer lepidopteron-logischen Forschungsreise in den Nordiran, Oktober 2003 (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Carinthia, 2(195-115): 659–674."]}

Euxoa admirabilis comprazeris ssp.nov. H o l o t y p u s Cabo Verde, Ilha de Santo Ant��o, Aguas das Caldeiras, 1150 m, 12.1.2013; Allotypus: mit denselben Daten wie der Holotypus. Holotypus Vorderfl��gell��nge 20 mm, Allotypus 20,3 mm. Die Zeichnung der Vorderfl��gel ist im Vergleich mit Individuen der Typenserie von Fogo wesentlich kontrastreicher gezeichnet, die Wellenlinie ist gelbbraun, basad dunkel angelegt, Mittelfeld ist dunkel, Nierenmakel meist, Ringmakel immer weiss ausgef��llt, Zapfenmakel undeutlich, Querlinien 1 und 2 deutlich hell hervortretend. Dieses Merkmalsbild ist konstant. Hfl. des dunkel mit hellem Basalfeld, jene des graubraun. Zum Vergleich werden die Populationstypen (sensu BURGEFF 1965: 191) von der Nominatunterart (Abb. 3) und der Unterart Euxoa admirabilis comprazeris ssp.nov. (Abb. 2) dargestellt. T y p e n v e r b l e i b: Paratypen in Serie mit denselben Daten. Holotypus, Allotypus und Paratypen in coll. EFMEA, ausserdem 1, 1 in coll. Wolfgang Speidel, M��nchen. Das in HACKER et al. (2010, plt 4, fig. 18) abgebildete Expl. entspricht der hier wiedergegebenen Beschreibung. Die beiden aufgef��hrten Expl. (1, 1) vom locus typicus der neuen Unterart vom 6.11.1979, leg. Traub & Bauer, in coll. Staatliches Museum f��r Naturkunde, Karlsruhe werden hiermit als Paratypen gekennzeichnet. E t h y m o l o g i e: com prazer (port.) mit Freude, Taxon latinisiert., Published as part of Aistleitner, E., 2014, Eine neue Unterart von Euxoa admirabilis HACKER & SCHREIER 2010 von der Insel Santo Ant��o, Cabo Verde (Lepidoptera Noctuidae), pp. 655-658 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 46 (1) on pages 655-656, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306430, {"references":["BURGEFF H. (1965): Kreuzungsanalysen von Georassen an der Gattung Zygaena FABR. (Lep.); Aufbau einer Subspezies aus Populationstypen. - Nachr. Akadem. Wissensch. Gottingen 14: 187 - 205.","HACKER H. H., SCHREIER H. - P. & E. AISTLEITNER (2010): Noctuidae of Cape Verde Islands (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) (plates 1 - 5). - Esperiana Memoir 5: 7 - 95, Schwanfeld."]}

10248 Euxoa culminicola (Staudinger, 1870) Diese Noctuide wurde im Untersuchungsgebiet bisher nur am Gemmipass (z. B. Daubensee (VS) 2300 m, 10.8.1999) und an der Grimsel (BE) (17.8.2011) gefunden. Am Col de Sanetsch VS mehrere Beobachtungen nahe der Wasserscheide auf der Walliser-Seite des Passes (26.7.2008)., Published as part of Wymann, Hans-Peter, 2013, Faunistisch bemerkenswerte Funde von « Macroheterocera » (Lepidoptera) im Berner Oberland zwischen 1992 und 2012, pp. 23-34 in Entomo Helvetica 6 on page 31, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986039, http://zenodo.org/record/8047981

10266 Euxoa aquilina (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Diese mesothermophile Art einmal am Sanetschpass (VS) (25.7.2008), Nordseite: Stausee (oberhalb Gsteigwiler), Published as part of Wymann, Hans-Peter, 2013, Faunistisch bemerkenswerte Funde von « Macroheterocera » (Lepidoptera) im Berner Oberland zwischen 1992 und 2012, pp. 23-34 in Entomo Helvetica 6 on page 31, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986039, http://zenodo.org/record/8047981

Euxoa apopsis Troubridge & Lafontaine, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 546F2D15-D536-468D-8D5E-D3C254C7D09B Figs 8, 9, 21, 26 Type material. Holotype ���: Canada, British Columbia: Gott Peak, 7100���, 50��21'N 122��08'W, 12 July 1992, J. Troubridge [CNC]. Paratypes 1���, 1♀: same data as for holotype (1���); British Columbia, Mt McLean, 7500���, 8 July 1921, A. W. Hanham (1♀). Etymology. The species name is a Greek noun used in apposition and means ���a lofty spot,��� in reference to the high elevation of the type locality. Diagnosis. In the key to species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group in Lafontaine (1987) E. apopsis keys out to Euxoa macleani McDunnough. It differs from E. macleani (Figs 10���12, 22, 27) in having a more deeply biserrate male antenna, more extensive dark shading on the medial line of the forewing, a paler hindwing, thinner saccular extensions and a smaller subbasal diverticulum in the male genitalia, and a smaller appendix bursae in the female genitalia. Description. Adult: Head ��� Frontal tubercle prominent and rounded; male antenna deeply biserrate, 2.0 �� as wide as shaft (1.5 �� as wide in E. macleani); eye reduced, ellipsoid; vestiture of head and thorax mainly of dark gray hair-like and strap-like scales with some white scales and some white-tipped scales. Thorax ��� Legs : tibia with spiniform setae typical for Euxoa. Wings (both sexes); ground color gray with scattered white and dark-gray scales that give wing a grizzled look; basal area medium gray; medial area extensively shaded with dark gray; subterminal area pale gray with dark-gray streaks in outer part of subterminal area; terminal area similar in color to basal area; antemedial (am) and postmedial (pm) lines black with pale-gray shading proximal to Figures ��9���23. Euxoa male genitalia. ��9 E. muldersi 20 E. churchillensis 2�� E. apopsis 22 E. macleani 23 E. chimoensis. am line and distal to pm line; reniform and orbicular spots paler than medial area but small and obscure; forewing length: 14���15 mm (14���18 mm in E. macleani). Hindwing pale fuscous gray with darker veins and discal spot; fringe yellowish buff basally, white distally. Male genitalia ��� Similar to those of E. macleani in most details except saccular extensions thinner than ampulla of clasper (harpe) (stouter in E. macleani); subbasal diverticulum in vesica shorter, 2.0 �� as wide as aedeagus (2.5 �� as wide in E. macleani). Female genitalia ��� Similar to those of E. macleani but appendix bursae smaller, 0.5 �� as long as corpus bursae (0.7 �� as long in E. macleani). Distribution and biology. Euxoa apopsis is known only from high elevations in the mountains of southwestern British Columbia. Adults may be partially diurnal, which may explain why only two specimens were collected at the type locality in spite of many nights of collecting over a period of six years. Figures 24���28. Euxoa female genitalia. 24 E. muldersi 25 E. churchillensis 26 E. apopsis 27 E. macleani 28 E. chimoensis., Published as part of Lafontaine, Donald & Troubridge, James, 2010, Two new species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), pp. 255-262 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 259-261, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.436, http://zenodo.org/record/576644, {"references":["Lafontaine JD (1987) Noctuoidea Noctuidae (part) Noctuinae (part - Euxoa). In: Dominick RB et al. (Eds) Th e Moths of America north of Mexico, fasc. 27.2. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC, 237 pp."]}

Euxoa chimoensis Hardwick, stat. rev. Figs 13���18, 23, 28 Diagnosis. This species was treated as a subspecies of Euxoa macleani in Lafontaine (1987). Unlike Euxoa macleani, which occurs only as a single form (Figs 10���12) with a dark brownish-gray forewing with most maculation obscure except for black transverse lines and medial line, E. chimoensis occurs in three color forms with two pattern forms. The forewing may be reddish brown, blackish brown or gray. For each of these color forms the forewing occurs in two pattern forms; in one form (Figs 13, 14) the transverse lines are prominent and the reniform and orbicular spots are similar to the ground color or darker; in the second form (Figs 15���18) the transverse lines and or- bicular and reniform spots appear mainly paler than the ground color; both of these forms seem to be equally common in Quebec and Labrador, but only the form with pale markings is known from the west coast of Hudson Bay. Forewing length varies from 13 to 17 mm. The male and female genitalia (Figs 23, 28) are similar to those of E. macleani (Figs 22, 27), but the appendix bursae in E. chimoensis projects mainly to the left, whereas in that of E. macleani has a lobe of the appendix bursae that projects posteriorly giving the appendix a longitudinal orientation. Distribution and biology. Euxoa chimoensis is known only from two localities in Labrador, three in Quebec, and one in Manitoba, but these are widely scattered and indicate that the species is widely distributed in Labrador and northern Quebec and along the west coast of Hudson Bay. Adults have been collected throughout July. Acknowledgments We thank Jocelyn Gill (CNC, Ottawa) for assistance with the preparation of the genitalia and photographs. Paul Hebert and the staff at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, provided data and information from the Barcode of Life Data (BOLD) system. Gary Anweiler and Chris Schmidt reviewed the manuscript and provided many helpful suggestions., Published as part of Lafontaine, Donald & Troubridge, James, 2010, Two new species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), pp. 255-262 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 261-262, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.436, http://zenodo.org/record/576644, {"references":["Lafontaine JD (1987) Noctuoidea Noctuidae (part) Noctuinae (part - Euxoa). In: Dominick RB et al. (Eds) Th e Moths of America north of Mexico, fasc. 27.2. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC, 237 pp."]}

Euxoa apopsis Troubridge & Lafontaine, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 546F2D15-D536-468D-8D5E-D3C254C7D09B Figs 8, 9, 21, 26 Type material. Holotype ♁: Canada, British Columbia: Gott Peak, 7100’, 50°21'N 122°08'W, 12 July 1992, J. Troubridge [CNC]. Paratypes 1♁, 1♀: same data as for holotype (1♁); British Columbia, Mt McLean, 7500’, 8 July 1921, A. W. Hanham (1♀). Etymology. The species name is a Greek noun used in apposition and means “a lofty spot,” in reference to the high elevation of the type locality. Diagnosis. In the key to species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group in Lafontaine (1987) E. apopsis keys out to Euxoa macleani McDunnough. It differs from E. macleani (Figs 10–12, 22, 27) in having a more deeply biserrate male antenna, more extensive dark shading on the medial line of the forewing, a paler hindwing, thinner saccular extensions and a smaller subbasal diverticulum in the male genitalia, and a smaller appendix bursae in the female genitalia. Description. Adult: Head – Frontal tubercle prominent and rounded; male antenna deeply biserrate, 2.0 × as wide as shaft (1.5 × as wide in E. macleani); eye reduced, ellipsoid; vestiture of head and thorax mainly of dark gray hair-like and strap-like scales with some white scales and some white-tipped scales. Thorax – Legs : tibia with spiniform setae typical for Euxoa. Wings (both sexes); ground color gray with scattered white and dark-gray scales that give wing a grizzled look; basal area medium gray; medial area extensively shaded with dark gray; subterminal area pale gray with dark-gray streaks in outer part of subterminal area; terminal area similar in color to basal area; antemedial (am) and postmedial (pm) lines black with pale-gray shading proximal to Figures Ι9–23. Euxoa male genitalia. Ι9 E. muldersi 20 E. churchillensis 2Ι E. apopsis 22 E. macleani 23 E. chimoensis. am line and distal to pm line; reniform and orbicular spots paler than medial area but small and obscure; forewing length: 14–15 mm (14–18 mm in E. macleani). Hindwing pale fuscous gray with darker veins and discal spot; fringe yellowish buff basally, white distally. Male genitalia – Similar to those of E. macleani in most details except saccular extensions thinner than ampulla of clasper (harpe) (stouter in E. macleani); subbasal diverticulum in vesica shorter, 2.0 × as wide as aedeagus (2.5 × as wide in E. macleani). Female genitalia – Similar to those of E. macleani but appendix bursae smaller, 0.5 × as long as corpus bursae (0.7 × as long in E. macleani). Distribution and biology. Euxoa apopsis is known only from high elevations in the mountains of southwestern British Columbia. Adults may be partially diurnal, which may explain why only two specimens were collected at the type locality in spite of many nights of collecting over a period of six years. Figures 24–28. Euxoa female genitalia. 24 E. muldersi 25 E. churchillensis 26 E. apopsis 27 E. macleani 28 E. chimoensis.

Euxoa muldersi Lafontaine & Hensel, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 13A91C23-B4CC-426C-B961-9E0066029FD8 Figs 1���4, 19, 24 Type material. Holotype ���: Canada, Nunavut: Austin Island, Maguse Point, 29 km N of Arviat, 12 July 1996, H. Hensel & R. Mulders [CNC]. Paratypes 38���, 13♀: same locality as for holotype; 26 July 1992, R. Mulders; 12, 16 July 1996, H. Hensel & R. Mulders; 18 July 1996, H. Hensel; 7, 8 July 1998, H. Hensel; 17 July 2000, H. Hensel; vicinity of Arviat, 11, 12 July 1998, H. Hensel; 18���27 July 2000, H. Hensel; 16���22 July 2002, H. Hensel. BMNH, CNC, HHC, JTTC, USNM, and personal collection Hartmut Rietz, Hamburg, Germany. Other material examined. Canada. Canada, Northwest Territories, Ford Lake, 63��11'N 107��19 W, 25 June 1966, G. E. Shewell (2���). Etymology. The species is named for Robert Mulders, a biologist at Arviat who collected the first specimen and brought it to the attention of Henry Hensel. Diagnosis. In the key to species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group in Lafontaine (1987) E. muldersi keys out to Euxoa churchillensis McDunnough. It differs from E. churchillensis (Figs 5���7, 20, 25) in larger size (forewing length 13���15 mm versus 10���13 mm in E. churchillensis), more blurry forewing pattern usually with brown shading, basally paler more mottled hindwing, reduced, vestigial frontal tubercle, shorter, stouter saccular extension and straight sub-basal diverticulum (curved in E. churchillensis) in the male genitalia (compare Figs 19 and 20). In females, the anal papillae are broad and more rounded compared to bullet-shaped in E. churchillensis. Description. Adult: Head ��� Frontal tubercle vertically elongated but small, low, only slightly raised from frons; male antenna slightly biserrate, about 1.3 �� as wide as shaft; eye reduced, ellipsoid, with sparse surface hair; vestiture of head and thorax a highly variable mixture of buff, brown, and black hair-like and strap-like scales, usually covering frontal tubercle. Thorax ��� Legs : tibia with spiniform setae typical for Euxoa. Wings (both sexes); most common form (Fig. 1 [80% of specimens]) ground color a variable mixture of pale-gray, brown, and black scales, usually with darker colors predominating in medial area; basal dash and antemedial and postmedial lines black but diffuse and appearing blurry; terminal area dark gray to black with diffused streaks extending into subterminal area; reniform and orbicular pale gray, sometimes with Figures �������8. Euxoa adults. �����4 E. muldersi, �� ��� holotype 2 ��� paratype, Maguse Point, Austin Island, 29 km N of Arviat, Nunavut, Canada 3 ♀ 4 ♀ paratypes, Maguse Point, Austin Island, 29 km N of Arviat, Nunavut, Canada; 5���7 E. churchillensis, 5 ��� 6 ♀ 7 ♀, Arviat, Nunavut, Canada; 8,��� E. apopsis, 8 ♀ paratype, Mt. McLean, British Columbia, Canada 9 ��� holotype, Gott Peak, 7100���, British Columbia, Canada; ��0�����2 ��� E. macleani, Gott Peak, 7100���, British Columbia, Canada; ��3�����8 E. chimoensis, �� 3 ♀, Schefferville, Labrador, Canada �� 4 ♀, Post-de-la-Baleine, Quebec, Canada ��5 ���, L���Anse au Loup, Labrador, Canada ��6 ��� �� 7 ♀ ��8 ���, Northern Study Centre, 24 km E Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. darker outline and darker central spot; paler form (Fig. 2 [10% of specimens]) with less brown shading and less mottling of ground color; dark shading in reniform spot filling most of spot; pale form (Figs 3, 4 [10% of specimens]) mainly pale gray with blurry dark-gray transverse lines and reniform spot. Hindwing dirty white mottled with fuscous shading, especially on outer half of wing, postmedial line, and discal spot; fringe white. Male genitalia ��� Similar to those of E. churchillensis in most details except saccular extension shorter and slightly stouter (0.54���0.58 �� as long as ampulla of clasper (harpe) versus 0.60���0.68 �� as long in E. churchillensis); subbasal diverticulum in vesica straight (curved in E. churchillensis). Female genitalia ��� Similar to those of E. churchillensis but anal papillae broad and more rounded in lateral view (bullet shaped in E. churchillensis). Distribution and biology. Euxoa muldersi is known only from north central Canada with all specimens except two from the vicinity of Arviat, Nunavut. The species must use a similar pheromone to E. churchillensis because H. Hensel observed males of E. churchillensis being attracted to calling E. muldersi females, although no attempts at mating were observed. It is restricted to open dunes where it flies close to the sand. The reduced frontal tubercle is typical of Euxoa species that inhabit dunes., Published as part of Lafontaine, Donald & Troubridge, James, 2010, Two new species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), pp. 255-262 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 257-259, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.436, http://zenodo.org/record/576644, {"references":["Lafontaine JD (1987) Noctuoidea Noctuidae (part) Noctuinae (part - Euxoa). In: Dominick RB et al. (Eds) Th e Moths of America north of Mexico, fasc. 27.2. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC, 237 pp."]}

Euxoa westermanni species-group The Euxoa westermanni species-group is included in the subgenus Pleonectopoda Grote, one of seven subgenera of Euxoa (Lafontaine 1987). The E. westermanni species-group is the largest of the six species-groups in the subgenus, and includes 20 of the 27 species in the subgenus. It is the only species-group in the subgenus Pleonectopoda Grote that occurs in the Palearctic. Species in the E. westermanni species-group are best characterized by the male genitalia: the vesica has a subbasal coil (like other species in subgenus Pleonectopoda), the medial diverticulum is closer to the subbasal coil of the vesica than the apex, the subbasal diverticulum is bilobed, and the saccular extensions are short, shorter than the clasper and about ⅓ �� as long as the valve. Most species of the E. westermanni species-group occur in subarctic, alpine, and subalpine habitats and they dominate the Euxoa fauna in these areas. Six species are associated with dunes and open sandy habitats, three in the subarctic (E. hyperborea Lafontaine, 1987, E. churchillensis (McDunnough, 1932), and E. muldersi Lafontaine & Hensel, sp. n.) and three farther south in Canada and northern United States (E. scandens (Riley, 1869), E. quebecensis (Smith, 1900), and E. aurulenta (Smith, 1890)). One of the species described below is associated with open dunes in northern Canada; the other occurs in alpine areas in western British Columbia. Descriptions, Published as part of Lafontaine, Donald & Troubridge, James, 2010, Two new species of the Euxoa westermanni species-group from Canada (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), pp. 255-262 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 256-257, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.436, http://zenodo.org/record/576644, {"references":["Lafontaine JD (1987) Noctuoidea Noctuidae (part) Noctuinae (part - Euxoa). In: Dominick RB et al. (Eds) Th e Moths of America north of Mexico, fasc. 27.2. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC, 237 pp."]}

Euxoa lafontainei Metzler & Forbes, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 75E35369-23BC-4F23-AA1D-F44278BA8E4A Figs. 1, 2, 7, 10, 19, 20 Type Material. Holotype: Male: USA: NM: Otero Co. White Sands Nat [ional] Mon [ument] interdunal/edge of dunes veg[etation] 106 o 11.32' W 32 o 45.72' W 4,000' 3 Jun 2008. WSNM9 Eric H. Metzler uv tr[a]p Accession #: WHSA ��� 00131. (USNM) Paratypes: 128 males and 46 females: USA, New Mexico: Otero County, White Sands National Monument (hereafter WSNM), 4004', 32 o 45'36.47" N 106 o 11'28.22" W, 11 Jun 2008, G. Forbes, interdune area with cottonwoods 2.3 mi SW Admin. Bldg., 15 w blacklight, Accession # WHSA ��� 00131. WSNM, Admin. Bldg., 4 Jun 2008, G. Forbes, Accession # WHSA ��� 00131. WSNM, 4006', storage area W of Big Pedestal Rd., 32 o 46'43.12" N 106 o 10'48.88" W, 26 Jun 2008, G. Forbes, 15w blacklight interdune area, Accession # WHSA ��� 00131. WSNM, 4006', storage area W of Big Pedestal Rd., 32 o 46'43.12" N 106 o 10'48.88" W, 30 May 2008, G. Forbes, 15w blacklight interdune area, Accession # WHSA ��� 00131. WSNM, 4002', ca 100 yards NE of end of Big Pedestal Rd., 32 o 45'43.62" N 106 o 11'18.73" W, 30 May 2008, G. Forbes, Baccharis grassland W side of rd., Accession # WHSA ��� 00131. WSNM, 3999', 32 o 46' 46.60" N 106 o 10' 26.70" W, 11 Jun 2007, G. Forbes, UV/MV lights Admin Bldg gypsum soil Atriplex scrub. Accession # WHSA ��� 00131. NM: Otero Co. WSNM 3999' 32 deg 46' 46.60" N. 106 deg 10' 26.70" W 18 May 2007 G.S. Forbes. admin. bldg. gypsum soil Atriplex scrub. Accession # WHSA 00131. WSNM, 4000' 32 o 45' 44.33" N 106 o 11' 19.51" W 22 Jun 2007 G. Forbes. Gypsum grassland at end Big Pedestal Road. Accession # WHSA 00131. NM: Otero Co. WSNM interdunal vegetation 106 o 11.49' W 32 o 45.60' N 4,000' 3 Jun 2008. WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accession # WHSA 00131. NM: Otero Co. WSNM edge of dunes/basin 106 o 11.24' W 32 o 45.70' N 4,001' 11 Jun 2007 WSNM3 Eric H. Metzler Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM interdunal vegetation 32 o 45.57' N 4,006' 106 o 11.59' W 11 Jun 2007 WHSA2 Eric H. Metzler Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM Edge of dunes veg. 106 o 11.32' W 32 o 45.72' N 4,000' 3 Jun 2008 WSNM9 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accession # WHSA 00131. NM: Otero Co. WSNM dunes no vegetation 32 o 45.78' N 4,014' 106 o 11.49' W gypsum 13 May 2007 Eric H. Metzler WSNM1 Accession # WHSA 00131. NM: Otero Co. WSNM edge of dunes veg 106 o 11.32' W 32 o 45.72' N 4,000' 3 Jun 2008 WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accession # WHSA 00131. NM: Otero Co. WSNM edge of dunes veg 106 o 11.32' W 32 o 45.72' N 4,000' 22 Jul 2008 WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM interdunal vegetation 32 o 45.57' N 4,006' 106 o 11.59' W 13 May 2007 WHSA2 Eric H. Metzler Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM interdunal vegetation 106 o 11.49' W 32 o 45.60' N 4,000' 3 Jun 2008 WSNMB Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM dunes crest vegetation 106 o 11.42' W 32 o 45.67' N 4,014' 3 Jun 2008 WSNMC Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM edge of dunes/basin 32 o 45.70' N 4,001' 106 o 11.24' W 13 May 2007 WHSA3 Eric H. Metzler Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM 106 o 11.39' W 32 o 45.78' N 4014' 13 May 2007 Eric H. Metzler Accession # WHSA 00131. USA: NM: Otero Co. WSNM 106 o 11.59' W 32 o 45.57' N 4006' 11 Jun 2007 Eric H. Metzler Accession # WHSA 00131. Paratypes are deposited with NMSU, MSWB, MSU, EHM, UFL, CNC, BMNH, USNM, and WHSA. Etymology. The specific epithet of this species, lafontainei, recognizes J. Donald Lafontaine���s contributions to the study of Euxoa. Don Lafontaine and Eric Metzler share a personal friendship going back to the late 1960s. We are pleased to name this species for Don Lafontaine. Diagnosis. Euxoa lafontainei is a silky white moth. Some specimens are pure white whereas others show faint pale-gray traces of normal transverse noctuid markings. A few specimens have pale gray normal markings on a white ground color. A combination of four characteristics quickly distinguish Euxoa lafontainei from other species of Euxoa: 1) both sexes with reflective white forewings; 30 % of males (n =104) and 42 % of females (n = 26) have traces of faint pale gray normal transverse noctuid markings; 2) pure white hind wings; 3) adults fly in May, June, and July in the gypsum dune field in the Tularosa Basin of south central New Mexico; 4) the characters of the male genitalia place E. lafontainei in the subgenus Euxoa. Other species of Euxoa that fly in the dunes, E. misturata (Smith, 1890) and E. tronellus (Smith, 1903), are both pale colored moths; E. misturata (Fig. 3) has pale gray markings, and E. tronellus (Fig. 4) is pale tan. Euxoa misturata and E. tronellus have more or less obvious reniform spots and dark gray in the subterminal area. Male genitalia are most like those of E. simulata McDunnough, 1946 (Figs. 5, 8, 11), and female genitalia are most like E. medialis (Smith, [1888]) (Figs. 6, 9, 12). The adults of E. simulata and E. medialis are dark in color. In the Euxoa species key of Lafontaine (1987), E. lafontainei males key out to couplet 31, which gives a choice of right saccular extension 1.25 �� longer than left one, versus right saccular extension less than 1.25 �� as long as left one. In E. lafontainei the right saccular extension is 1.25 �� the length of the left one, so both couplets 32 and 34 must be followed. Couplet 32 gives two options, neither of which could apply to the new species, so following couplet 34 is evident. Euxoa lafontainei then keys out to the Euxoa simulata group in couplet 46 and the group only includes Euxoa simulata. Euxoa lafontainei differs from E. simulata in the color of the adults. Females of E. lafontainei key out to the E. bostoniensis (Grote, 1874) group and not the E. simulata group because of the fine-tipped setae on the anal papillae. Within the E. bostoniensis group E. lafontainei keys out to E. medialis, but differs from E. medialis in the color of the adults. Description. Adult male (Fig. 1, 2): Head ��� frons rough, front closely scaled, white; vertex scales narrow strap-like, white, erect; labial palpus white; basal and medial segments with erect hair-like and strap-like scales, closely scaled laterally and mesally, longer scales form longer ragged fringe ventrally and shorter ragged fringe dorsally; apical segment angled anteriorly, closely scaled; haustellum coiled between labial palpi with more than four complete loops; antenna biserrate, dorsally white, closely scaled, 7a 8a 9a 7b 8b 9b 1 mm ventrally naked, brown. Thorax ��� dorsum white, scales long white (rarely tipped with gray) hair-like or deeply forked apically, underside white, scales erect long white hairlike. Legs: coxa and femur white, closely scaled with long hair-like scales on ventral surface forming a shaggy fringe; fore tibia white, closely scaled, with stout setae on lateral margins; mid ��� and hind tibia white, closely scaled, shaggy long hair-like scales basally, tibial spurs white; tarsomeres dirty white. Fore wing: length 13-15 mm, mean 14 mm, n = 8. ground color white, reflective, normal noctuid transverse lines and spots usually absent; some specimens with scattered gray scales (Fig. 2), rarely the gray scaling complete enough to form normal noctuid transverse lines, spots, and fringe; subterminal and terminal areas dirty white; fringe shining white, occasionally with gray and dirty white scales; underside white with dirty white costa; fringe shining white. Hind wing: white, reflective, terminal area dirty white, veins lined with dirty white scales; fringe white; underside white, terminal area dirty white, veins lined with dirty white scales; fringe white. Abdomen ��� dorsum closely scaled, white, overlaid with long shaggy hairlike scales, white to dirty white; underside closely scaled, white. Genitalia (Fig. 7) ��� tegumen not expanded laterally, lateral lobes at junctures with valvae, narrowed at dorsum; uncus cylindrical, narrowed at base, slightly wider from 1/5 length to 3/4 length, setae on dorsum at widest part, long and dense; preapical setae on ventral surface short, stout, cylindrical; saccus V shaped, slightly longer than wide; juxta oval, narrowly cleft from posterior margin; valve strap-like, costal margin slightly longer that ventral margin; saccular extension on right side 1.25 �� length of saccular extension on left side; saccular extensions directed down and away from cucullus; clasper (harpe) slightly flattened distally, lightly setose, C shaped; corona well differentiated, 16-19 stout setae in a single row, directed basad. Aedeagus slightly bent at mid-point, 4-5 �� as long as wide; vesica lightly sclerotized, at 1/3 length from aedeagus curved right 90 o, subbasal and medial diverticula present. Adult female ��� similar to male; fore wing: length 13-17 mm, mean 15 mm, n = 24. Antenna filiform. Genitalia (Fig. 10) ��� papilla analis sclerotized, cylindrical, conical, setae on distal 1/3 progressively shorter apically, apex bluntly rounded, not fused; posterior apophysis extending anteriorly to anterior margin of 8 th abdominal segment; anterior apophysis shorter, extending to anterior margin of 8 th abdominal segment, slightly bent, apically flattened; ostium bursae lightly sclerotized; plates in dorsal and ventral walls of ductus bursa sclerotized, extending from ostium bursae anteriorly to 2/3 length, straight; bursa copulatrix bisaccate, membranous; corpus bursa extended to right, 2 �� as long as maximum width, signa absent; appendix bursae extended ventrolaterally to left, size and shape similar to corpus bursa; ductus seminalis attached near ventral posterior end. Remarks. This new species is placed in the genus Euxoa based on the structure of the male and female genitalia. The characters of the male genitalia place E. lafontainei in the subgenus Euxoa and in the E. simulata species-group. Distribution and Biology. Euxoa lafontainei occurs in White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico (Figs. 19, 20). Adults were collected in black light traps and at a sheet with a black light and/or mercury vapor light placed in the white gypsum dunes, interdunal areas, and at the Administration Building. The immature stages are unknown., Published as part of Metzler, Eric, Bustos, David & Forbes, Gregory, 2009, The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA 1. Two new species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuinae, Agrotini), pp. 47-62 in ZooKeys 9 (9) on pages 49-54, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.9.182, http://zenodo.org/record/576451, {"references":["Lafontaine JD (1987) The Moths of America North of Mexico including Greenland. Fascicle 27.2 Noctuoidea Noctuidae (part) Noctuinae (part - Euxoa). The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC. 237 pp."]}

16. Euxoa scholastica McDunnough (Fig. 19, Map 12) Identification: Forewing length 15.0–18.0 mm. Forewing ground color is brown with a dark brown pattern. Orbicular and reniform spots are light brown outlined with black. Hindwing is dark brown. This species is easily confused with E. messoria, but can be distinguished by the small round orbicular spot versus the large oval orbicular spot in E. messoria. The overall appearance of the forewing in E. scholastica is more heavily marked with more lines and spots; and the hindwing is dark in E. scholastica and pale gray to white with a distinct marginal band in E. messoria. Flight period: Collected from mid­July to August. Collected Localities: North Carolina: Haywood Co., Purchase Knob. Tennessee: Cocke Co., Foothills Parkway East. (2 specimens) Elevation range: 2400 and 4924 ft. (732 and 1501 m) General distribution: Another wide ranging species from Newfoundland west to Yukon and south to GSMNP and west to Missouri in the East and southern New Mexico, Arizona, and California in the West. Larval hosts: Unknown (Lafontaine 1987). MAP 12. Collecting localities of Euxoa scholastica., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., 2006, The Noctuinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U. S. A., pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 1215 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1215.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5064764, {"references":["Lafontaine, J. D. (1987) Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part): Noctuinae, Euxoa. In: Hodges, R. W., Davis, D. R., Dominick, T., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G., & Powell, J. A. (Eds.) The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 25.2, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 237 pp."]}

12. Euxoa bostoniensis (Grote) (Figs. 14–15, Map 8) Identification: Forewing length 15.0–17.0 mm. All the species of Euxoa treated here have a round unscaled frontal tubercle on the frons and biserrate male antennae. Forewing ground color is gray. The forewing lines, antemedial, median, postmedial, and subterminal are faint, slightly darker than the ground color, and extend from costa to posterior margin. Reniform spot is represented by a faint, small round dot at end of discal cell. Hindwing is white in the male and dark gray in the female. Flight period: Collected in mid­October. MAP 8. Collecting localities of Euxoa bostoniensis. Collected localities: Tennessee: Cocke Co., Foothills Parkway N, 4.5 mi from Hwy. 321. (2 specimens) Elevation range: 1680 ft. (512 m) General distribution: In North America from southern Ontario, Canada and Massachusetts south to Virginia, Tennessee, and southern Missouri (Lafontaine 1987). There are two old specimens in the USNM, one from Florida and the other from South Dakota with no specific locality. These may or may not be accurate localities. Larval hosts: Larvae reared on tobacco (Nicotania sp., Solanaceae) (Lafontaine 1987)., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., 2006, The Noctuinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U. S. A., pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 1215 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1215.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5064764, {"references":["Lafontaine, J. D. (1987) Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part): Noctuinae, Euxoa. In: Hodges, R. W., Davis, D. R., Dominick, T., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G., & Powell, J. A. (Eds.) The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 25.2, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 237 pp."]}

17. Euxoa tessellata (Harris) Tessellate Dart (adult), Striped Cutworm (larva) (Fig. 20) Identification: Forewing length 13.0–18.0 mm. Forewing ground color is dark brown with a faint pattern. Orbicular and reniform spots are lighter than ground color and at least partially outlined with black. A small triangular black patch is proximal to the orbicular spot and a larger trapezoidal black patch lies between orbicular and reniform spots. Claviform spot is absent. Hindwing color is dirty white to light brown; costa, outer margin, and veins are dark. There are several forms of this species in eastern North America. The most common forms have reddish brown or gray forewings. A less common form lacks the black shading near the orbicular spot which could be confused with E. messoria and E. pleuritica. This form of E. tessallata has faint or indistinct forewing markings as compared with the more heavily marked forewings of E. messoria and E. pleuritica. Flight period: Early June to late September, with most records from late June to early August (Lafontaine 1987). Collected Localities: This species is not recorded from the Park, but it is likely to occur there. General distribution: This is the most widespread species of Euxoa, occurring across North America from Newfoundland west to Alaska and south to North Carolina, Kansas, central New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California (Lafontaine 1987). Larval hosts: This is a climbing cutworm, and larvae are a pest on tobacco (Nicotania sp., Solanaceae), garden crops, and woody shrubs including cherry (Prunus avium (L.) L., Rosaceae), apple (Malus sp., Rosaceae), and pear (Pyrus sp., Rosaceae) (Lafontaine 1987)., Published as part of Pogue, Michael G., 2006, The Noctuinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U. S. A., pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 1215 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1215.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5064764, {"references":["Lafontaine, J. D. (1987) Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part): Noctuinae, Euxoa. In: Hodges, R. W., Davis, D. R., Dominick, T., Ferguson, D. C., Franclemont, J. G., Munroe, E. G., & Powell, J. A. (Eds.) The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 25.2, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 237 pp."]}