Search

Cerithium connatum Montrouzier, 1862 (Fig. 71) Cerithium connatum Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1862: 236, pl. 9, fig. 4. TYPE LOCALITY. — New Caledonia. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia • MNHN-IM-2000-477; 3 specimens; from type locality. ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION. — Test. sinistrorsa cylindrico-conica, subulata, gracilis, subvinosa; anfr. numerosis, dense connatis, planis, carinis 3-4 cingulatis; interstitiis punctis longitudinalibus, subvalidis, suboblique sculptis; apert. parva; labro recto, acuto, canali brevi subrecurvo, margine sinistrali decussato. Long. 13-15, lat. 3-4 mill. TRANSLATION OF THE LATIN TEXT. — Left-handed, cylindricalconical shell, subulate, slender, reddish; numerous whorls, densely arranged, flattened, with 3-4 spiral cords; interspaces are sculptured with longitudinal thick and slightly oblique dots; small aperture; straight lip, acute, short and slightly curved siphon, decussated at the left margin. Length 13-15, diameter 3-4 mm. [Latin diagnosis followed by a discussion in French] DIAGNOSIS. — Shell very elongated with flat sides. Illustrated specimens 19.2 and 22.8 mm high. Teleoconch of c. 21 and c. 22 whorls. Three spiral cords present, the second appearing between the fifth and eighth whorl. Spiral cords smooth with orthocline axial ribs in the interspaces. Base with two additional smooth spiral cords. Protoconch missing in the examined specimens.Teleoconch brown. REMARKS. — Montrouzier wrote that the specimens he studied were in the museum of Bordeaux. The MNHN contains a lot with three specimens, all adults. Montrouzier wrote that he analysed indeed three specimens, but one clearly juvenile that was illustrated in his figure 4 on plate 9. Because of the explicit statement of Montrouzier and the fact that no juveniles are present in the lot in the MNHN, we do not consider these specimens belonging to the type series, although apparently belonging to Montrouzier’s collection., Published as part of Albano, Paolo G., Franco, Davide Di, Azzarone, Michele, J., Piet A., Bakker & Sabelli, Bruno, 2023, Review of the types of Indo-Pacific Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 13-106 in Zoosystema 45 (2) on page 103, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a2, http://zenodo.org/record/7569742, {"references":["SOUVERBIE M. & MONTROUZIER R. P. 1862. - Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'Archipel Caledonien. Journal de Conchyliologie 10: 231 - 248. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 15134946"]}

Cerithium miocanariensis Mart��n-Gonz��lez & Vera-Pel��ez sp. nov. Figure 8 A, B, C 1952 Cerithium multigranulatum de Serres. Martel Sangil: p. 118, pl. 47, figs 1, 2. Type material. Holotype: adult specimen with fragmented shell aperture, medium sized (H: 37.4 mm; W: 18.1 mm), record number TFMCFO-6539. Paratypes: four adult specimens recorded as TFMCFO-6531 (H: 48 mm; W: 19.3 mm); TFMCFO-1620 (H: 38.3 mm; W: 17.7 mm); and TFMCFO-1292 (H: 35.7 mm; W: 15.6 mm). Other material examined. Thirty-one specimens, two from Lanzarote (TFMCFO-1292, Punta Gorda), nine from Fuerteventura (TFMCFO-6531, TFMCFO-6541, Aljibe de la Cueva; TFMCFO-3721, Punta del Viento; TFMCFO-6539, Playa del ��guila) and 20 from Gran Canaria (TFMCFO-1488, TFMCFO-1620, Barranco Seco). Their biometrics and descriptive statistics are displayed in Table 7. Type locality. Playa del ��guila (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands), UTM 28 R 595683 m E 3169313 m N, 12 m asl. The level is composed of c. 40 cm thick beige-colored sandstones. Dated as Tortonian by the gastropod association described above. The paratypes are from Aljibe de la Cueva in Fuerteventura, Barranco Seco in Gran Canaria, and Punta Gorda in Lanzarote. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to its Miocene assignation and the Canary Islands. Description. Shell large for the genus (Hmax: 49.7 mm; Wmax: 21.7 mm), solid, and cyrtoconoid in shape, with paucispiral protoconch only visible in a couple of specimens. Teleoconch with six whorls, suture shallow and straight. Penultimate and last whorls rounded, convex in adult specimens. Other whorls have a slightly angular profile and a cord of small pointy nodules. This cord is wider in the first whorls, resembling a varicose rib. In addition, fine cords are present, very close to each other, narrower in first and last whorls, wider in the intermediate ones. These cords are straight and separated by narrow flutes. Axial sculpture consists of weak ribs in the first whorls, very worn in all specimens. Growth lines not observed due to worn shell. Last whorl higher than spire, rounded in appearance, constricted towards the base. Lower half of final whorl has narrow spiral cords, without tubercles. Aperture narrow, labrum totally or partially broken in all specimens examined. Outer lip with abapical narrow sinus and a short, straight, narrow siphonal channel. Columellar lip slightly concave with a thin columellar callus, eroded in most specimens. Color not preserved in any of the specimens. Remarks. Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov. is different from fossil and extant Canarian specimens of C. vulgatum Brugui��re, 1792 in its less turriculate shell, that is notably wider in the last whorls. The first whorls are proportionally lower and wider than in C. vulgatum and the cords of tubercles on them are wide. This tubercle cord is closer to the abapical suture in this species than in C. vulgatum. In addition, the spiral cords are wider and higher in C. miocanariensis sp. nov. than in C. vulgatum, and are more numerous. The last whorl presents no tubercle cords adapically and the siphonal channel is more elongated than in C. vulgatum. Martel Sangil (1952) reported Cerithium multigranulatum (Serres, 1829) from the Miocene of the Las Palmas Detritic Formation. This is a species with inflated whorl profile, which differs from C. miocanariensis in having two nodulous cords, one subsutural and another suprasutural. Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov. only has a cord situated in the lower half of the whorl���s height, with well-developed, thorny nodules in a spiral arrangement. Rothpletz & Simonelli (1890) and Martel Sangil (1952) cited Cerithium varicosum Brocchi, 1814 for the Las Palmas Detritic formation, but since these authors did not provide figures, their material cannot be compared to Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov. However, Cerithium varicosum specimens from the Estepona basin have some very fine axial ribs, which are absent in C. miocanariensis sp. nov. In addition, the spiral cords are finer than those in C. miocanariensis sp. nov. Specimens from the Canary Islands which have been assigned to Cerithium varicosum and Cerithium multigranulatum are probably assignable to Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov., although we cannot state this categorically. Distribution. Upper Miocene, Tortonian: Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria., Published as part of Mart��n-Gonz��lez, Esther, Vera-Pel��ez, Jos�� Luis, Castillo, Carolina & Lozano-Francisco, M. Carmen, 2018, New fossil gastropod species (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the upper Miocene of the Canary Islands (Spain), pp. 191-218 in Zootaxa 4422 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1251497, {"references":["Martel Sangil, M. (1952) Contribucion al estudio geologico y paleontologico de Gran Canaria. Estudios Geologicos, 8, 109 - 135.","Serres, M. de (1829) Geognosie des terrains tertiaries, ou tablau des Principaux Animaux Invertebres des terrains marins tertiaires, du midi de la France. Pomathio-Durville, Montpellier, 375 pp.","Rothpletz, A. & Simonelli, V. (1890) Die marinen Ablagerungen auf Gran Canaria. Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 42, 677 - 736.","Brocchi, G. B. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. Vol. I & II. Stamperia reale, Milano, 712 pp. + 16 pls. [pp. LXXX + 56 + 240; Vol. II, pp. 241 - 712, pls. 1 - 16.] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11569"]}

Genus Cerithium Brugui��re, 1789 Type species. Cerithium adansonii Brugui��re, 1792, Published as part of Mart��n-Gonz��lez, Esther, Vera-Pel��ez, Jos�� Luis, Castillo, Carolina & Lozano-Francisco, M. Carmen, 2018, New fossil gastropod species (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the upper Miocene of the Canary Islands (Spain), pp. 191-218 in Zootaxa 4422 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1251497, {"references":["Bruguiere J. G. (1789 - 1792) Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres. Histoire naturelle des vers. Vol. 1. Part 1. Pancoucke, Paris, 344 pp."]}

Cerithium miocanariensis Martín-González & Vera-Peláez sp. nov. Figure 8 A, B, C 1952 Cerithium multigranulatum de Serres. Martel Sangil: p. 118, pl. 47, figs 1, 2. Type material. Holotype: adult specimen with fragmented shell aperture, medium sized (H: 37.4 mm; W: 18.1 mm), record number TFMCFO-6539. Paratypes: four adult specimens recorded as TFMCFO-6531 (H: 48 mm; W: 19.3 mm); TFMCFO-1620 (H: 38.3 mm; W: 17.7 mm); and TFMCFO-1292 (H: 35.7 mm; W: 15.6 mm). Other material examined. Thirty-one specimens, two from Lanzarote (TFMCFO-1292, Punta Gorda), nine from Fuerteventura (TFMCFO-6531, TFMCFO-6541, Aljibe de la Cueva; TFMCFO-3721, Punta del Viento; TFMCFO-6539, Playa del Águila) and 20 from Gran Canaria (TFMCFO-1488, TFMCFO-1620, Barranco Seco). Their biometrics and descriptive statistics are displayed in Table 7. Type locality. Playa del Águila (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands), UTM 28 R 595683 m E 3169313 m N, 12 m asl. The level is composed of c. 40 cm thick beige-colored sandstones. Dated as Tortonian by the gastropod association described above. The paratypes are from Aljibe de la Cueva in Fuerteventura, Barranco Seco in Gran Canaria, and Punta Gorda in Lanzarote. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to its Miocene assignation and the Canary Islands. Description. Shell large for the genus (Hmax: 49.7 mm; Wmax: 21.7 mm), solid, and cyrtoconoid in shape, with paucispiral protoconch only visible in a couple of specimens. Teleoconch with six whorls, suture shallow and straight. Penultimate and last whorls rounded, convex in adult specimens. Other whorls have a slightly angular profile and a cord of small pointy nodules. This cord is wider in the first whorls, resembling a varicose rib. In addition, fine cords are present, very close to each other, narrower in first and last whorls, wider in the intermediate ones. These cords are straight and separated by narrow flutes. Axial sculpture consists of weak ribs in the first whorls, very worn in all specimens. Growth lines not observed due to worn shell. Last whorl higher than spire, rounded in appearance, constricted towards the base. Lower half of final whorl has narrow spiral cords, without tubercles. Aperture narrow, labrum totally or partially broken in all specimens examined. Outer lip with abapical narrow sinus and a short, straight, narrow siphonal channel. Columellar lip slightly concave with a thin columellar callus, eroded in most specimens. Color not preserved in any of the specimens. Remarks. Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov. is different from fossil and extant Canarian specimens of C. vulgatum Bruguière, 1792 in its less turriculate shell, that is notably wider in the last whorls. The first whorls are proportionally lower and wider than in C. vulgatum and the cords of tubercles on them are wide. This tubercle cord is closer to the abapical suture in this species than in C. vulgatum. In addition, the spiral cords are wider and higher in C. miocanariensis sp. nov. than in C. vulgatum, and are more numerous. The last whorl presents no tubercle cords adapically and the siphonal channel is more elongated than in C. vulgatum. Martel Sangil (1952) reported Cerithium multigranulatum (Serres, 1829) from the Miocene of the Las Palmas Detritic Formation. This is a species with inflated whorl profile, which differs from C. miocanariensis in having two nodulous cords, one subsutural and another suprasutural. Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov. only has a cord situated in the lower half of the whorl’s height, with well-developed, thorny nodules in a spiral arrangement. Rothpletz & Simonelli (1890) and Martel Sangil (1952) cited Cerithium varicosum Brocchi, 1814 for the Las Palmas Detritic formation, but since these authors did not provide figures, their material cannot be compared to Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov. However, Cerithium varicosum specimens from the Estepona basin have some very fine axial ribs, which are absent in C. miocanariensis sp. nov. In addition, the spiral cords are finer than those in C. miocanariensis sp. nov. Specimens from the Canary Islands which have been assigned to Cerithium varicosum and Cerithium multigranulatum are probably assignable to Cerithium miocanariensis sp. nov., although we cannot state this categorically. Distribution. Upper Miocene, Tortonian: Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria.

Ten new species of fossil gastropods from the upper Miocene (Tortonian) of the Canary Islands (Spain) are described. Among these are three species of the genus Patella, a group with few fossil representatives, as well as three others representing the family Trochidae. The remaining new species represent Caenogastropoda. This study improves our knowledge of the fossil malacofauna from the Miocene of these islands. Together with the Azores and Madeira archipelagos, the Canaries belong to the Macaronesian biogeographic region. The described species are indicative of rocky coastal environments, and are thus expanding the current understanding of such ecosystems and their associated marine molluscs such as the family Patellidae whose fossil record is scarce. New species: Patella tintina Martín-González & Vera-Peláez sp. nov., Patella maxoratensis Martín-González & Vera-Peláez sp. nov., Patella mahamensis Martín-González sp. nov., Jujubinus ajachaensis Martín-González & Vera-Peláez sp. nov., Osilinus burgadoi Martín-González sp. nov., Gibbula tindayaensis Martín-González & Vera-Peláez sp. nov., Cerithium miocanariensis Martín-González & Vera-Peláez sp. nov., Tectarius isletaensis Vera-Peláez sp. nov., Morula mionigra Martín-González sp. nov. and Conus fuerteventurensis Vera-Peláez & Martín-González sp. nov.

inscriptum, Cerithium [Cerithium repandum Monterosato, 1880] (Figures 9A, B) 1884h: 119 [XXXI: 775]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–8949 —12 + 2 juv. “Cerith. inscriptum Monts. Nomencl. gen. e sp. p. 119”// 4 sh “spugne di Sfax ”// 12 sh “spugne di Sfax ”// 1 sh “ Cerithium inscriptum Monts. 1884 C. di Barberia ” Type locality. Described from coasts of Barberia (Tunisia). Remarks. Recorded as a synonym of Cerithium vulgatum Bruguière, 1792 by MolluscaBase (2018), but the type material suggests it is instead a synonym of Cerithium repandum [new synonymy] (see also Evangelisti et al., 2016; Garilli et al., 2017)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Evangelisti, F., Bonfitto, A., Morassi, M. & Sabelli, B. (2016) How many native Cerithium species in the Mediterranean Sea? An integrative taxonomic approach. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 82 (2), 292 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyv 066"]}

repandum, Cerithium [Cerithium repandum Monterosato, 1880] (Figures 9S, T) 1878c: 97 [XIX: 411]—such as Cerithium vulgatum var. repanda —nomen nudum 1880b: 225 [XXXI: 523]—such as Cerithium vulgatum var. repanda Monts. —available name Type material. MCZR –M–8831 —2 sh “ C. repandum forme di Sfax !!”// 2 sh “ Cerithium repandum Monts vr. di Sfax !!”// 1 sh “ Tunis ” MCZR–M–8958 —1 sh “ Cerithium vulgatum (Brug. V. Repanda Monterosato Barberia eponges”// 1 sh “Cerith. vulgatum Brug var. 4 milles a l’est de Ras Dimas (Tunisie)” Other material. MCZR–M–8675 —4 + 4 juv. sh “ C. repandum var. sulfurea Monts C. d’Africa ” Type locality. Described from coasts of Africa (Tunisia). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Cerithium vulgatum Bruguière, 1792. However, Cecalupo et al. (2008), Evangelisti et al. (2016) and Garilli et al. (2017) considered it as a distinct species, a position that we share., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Cecalupo, A., Buzzurro, G. & Mariani, M. (2008) Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna del Golfo di Gabes (Tunisia). Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 31, 175 pp., 92 pls.","Evangelisti, F., Bonfitto, A., Morassi, M. & Sabelli, B. (2016) How many native Cerithium species in the Mediterranean Sea? An integrative taxonomic approach. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 82 (2), 292 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyv 066"]}

limatum, Cerithium [Cerithium lividulum Risso, 1826] (Figures 9C, D) 1900: 401 [LI: 1145]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–20791 —15 sh “C. (Pithoc.) limatum Monts. Jour. Conch. 1899 p. 401”. Type locality. Described from Larnaka (Cyprus), Saïda (Lebanon) and Jaffa (Israel). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. The type material belongs to Cerithium lividulum Risso, 1826 [new synonymy]. † manustriatum, Gladiocerithium [Cerithium alucastrum (Brocchi, 1814)] (Figures 9E, F) 1910: 71, pl. I, fig. 7 [LIX: 1199, 1205, fig. 7]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–8648 —1 sh “ Gladiocerithium manustriatum di Uditore ”. Type locality. Described from Uditore † (Sicily). Remarks. Name introduced by means of a figure (no description). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. The type material belongs to Cerithium alucastrum (Brocchi, 1814)] [new synonymy]., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Brocchi, G. B. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. 2 Vols. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 56 + 80 [Roman numerals] + 712 pp., 16 pls."]}

Cerithium coralium Kiener, 1841 Figs 4 G–H Cerithium coralium “Dufresne ” Kiener, 1841: 328 –329, pl. 8, fig. 3. Cerithium coralium: Houbrick 1992: 61 –68, figs 37–41 (full synonymy); Okutani 2000: 116 –117, pl. 58, fig. 15; Lozouet & Plaziat 2008: 108 –109, pl. 18, figs 1–3; Poppe 2008a: 292 –293, pl. 91, fig. 14; Thach 2005: 42, pl. 11, fig. 1; Zvonareva et al. 2015: 8, fig 3(5). Material examined. Nha Phu Bay, Dam Bay, mangrove plantation and natural mangroves, over 200 specimens. Abundance. Common. Measurements. Up to 48 mm (Houbrick 1992). Ecological notes. Spawn are deposited on the undersides of rocks. Reproduction with planktonic phase of unknown duration (Houbrick 1985). Epifaunal species in intertidal, estuarine, mangrove habitats, on muddy or sandy substratum between pneumatophores of Avicennia and on bare mud in front of the mangrove fringe. Deposit feeder, lives in areas of high organic content. Stomach contents consist of microalgae, filamentous algae, macro algae, vascular plant material and diatoms comprising detritus in this habitat (Houbrick 1992). Houbrick (1992) suggest that presence of mangroves is a critical factor in distribution of this species, but Lozouet & Plaziat (2008) presume that this species is not a mangal component while frequently located in front of the mangal fringe. In studied sites it was found on mud surface between pneumatophores of Avicennia and Rhizophora as well and on the sand banks of the streams in mangrove stands, sometimes in high densities. Relation to mangroves. Predominantly mangrove-associated. Distribution in Vietnam. Central coast, southern delta (Thach 2005). General distribution. IWP, from India to Fiji, from Japan to Australia (Houbrick 1992)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on pages 408-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Kiener, L. - C. (1841 - 1842) Genre Cerite (Cerithium, Adanson). In: Kiener, L. - C. (Ed.), Species General et Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes. Rousseau & Bailliere, Paris, pp. 1 - 104, pls 32.","Okutani, T. (2000) Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1173 pp.","Lozouet, P. & Plaziat, J. - C. (2008) Mangrove environments and mollusks. Abatan River, Bohol and Panglao Islands, Central Philippines. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 166 pp.","Poppe, G. T. (2008 a) Volume I: Philippine marine mollusks. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 759 pp.","Thach, N. N. (2005) Shells of Vietnam. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 338 pp.","Zvonareva, S., Kantor Yu., Xinzheng, L. & Britayev, T. (2015) Long-term monitoring of Gastropoda (Mollusca) fauna in planted mangroves in central Vietnam. Zoological studies, 54, 1 - 39.","Houbrick, R. S. (1985) Genus Clypeomorus Jousseaume (Cerithiidae - Prosobranchia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 403, 1 - 131. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.403"]}

Cerithium traillii Sowerby, 1855 Figs 4 I–J Cerithium traillii Sowerby II, 1855: 871, pl. 182, figs 173–174. Cerithium traillii: Houbrick 1992: 189 –193, figs 139–140 (full synonymy); Okutani 2000: 116 –117, pl. 58, fig. 16; Poppe 2008a: 294 –295, pl. 92, fig. 8; Thach 2005: 44, pl. 10, fig. 19; Zvonareva et al. 2015: 8. Material examined. Dam Bay, natural mangroves, 10 specimens. Abundance. Uncommon. Measurements. Up to 48 mm (Houbrick 1992). Ecological notes. Eggs, larvae, and developmental biology are unknown. As reported it occurs under dead corals on the reef flat (Okutani 2000), under rocks on a shallow mid- to low intertidal reef flat (Houbrick 1992), and on mud (Poppe 2008a). In studied sites one specimen was found on the pneumatophores of mangrove trees in upper intertidal zone, and some on clusters of oysters on stems of young Rhizophora in lower intertidal zone. Relation to mangroves. Eurybiotic. Distribution in Vietnam. Northern-east coast, northern delta, central coast (Thach 2005). General distribution. IWP, from India to Fiji, from Japan to tropical coasts of Australia, confined to continents and large islands (Houbrick 1992; Okutani 2000)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on page 410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Sowerby, G. B. II (1855) Monograph of the genus Cerithium Adanson. In: Sowerby, G. B. II. (Ed.), Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or Figures and Descriptions of Recent Shells. Vol. 2. pt. 16. Sowerby, London, pp. 847 - 899.","Okutani, T. (2000) Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1173 pp.","Poppe, G. T. (2008 a) Volume I: Philippine marine mollusks. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 759 pp.","Thach, N. N. (2005) Shells of Vietnam. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 338 pp.","Zvonareva, S., Kantor Yu., Xinzheng, L. & Britayev, T. (2015) Long-term monitoring of Gastropoda (Mollusca) fauna in planted mangroves in central Vietnam. Zoological studies, 54, 1 - 39."]}

Islamoğğlu, Yeşşim, Dominio, Stefano, Kowalke, Thorsten (2011): Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology. Geodiversitas 33 (2): 303-330, DOI: 10.5252/g2011n2a7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n2a7

As you wish me to give you my opinion respecting these Tertiary beds of the Isle of Wight, I will do it as fully as I can at present. I consider the upper formations of Hempstead to be the exact equivalent of those at Weinheim, Jeurres, and Bergh ( Rupelien inferieur , Dumont). I had already arrived at this opinion, on receiving from Saemann, in Paris, Voluta Forbesi , Edw., which Mr. Edwards himself considers as identical with V. Rathieri , together with some other fossils which have hitherto only been found in this horizon. The collection now sent adds Cerithium plicatum , with varieties, which Mr. Edwards calls C. subcostellatum , Forb., and C. inornatum , Morr.; also C. elegans , Desh. ( C. variabile , in the collection, and C. Austenii belong to the same species), C. Lamarckii , Brongn. (= C. Sedgwickii , Morr.), also Ostrea adlata , S. Wood (= O. cyathula , Lam., juv. ), Lucina Thierensi , Heb., Corbula subpisum , D9Orb., Panopaea minor , Forb. (= P. Heberti , Bosq., juv. ), Ostrea callifera , Lam., O. longirostris , Lam., Tellina Nystii , Desh. ( Tellina , sp. indeterm. in the collection), Lithodomus delicatulus , Desh. ( Modiola , sp. indeterm. in the collection), hitherto only known from Merigny, Waldbockelheim, and Alzey,—so that I now can no longer doubt that the upper beds of Hempstead accurately correspond with our “Marine Sand.” Much more difficult is it to make out the lower beds; I can at present only point out one horizon which corresponds with anything in Alsace or Germany—the freshwater limestone of Bembridge and Sconce═beds at Buxweiler (Alsace) and Abstadt (Baden).

IN examining a series of more than one hundred specimens of Ostrea (Exogyra) flabellata, Goldfuss, from the Middle Cretaceous of Lebanon, I was struck with the marked reproduction in the free upper valves of the figures of other shells to which the lower valves have been attached. These specimens were all collected in the same place, a hill near Bhamdun, Mount Lebanon, Syria. They have been freed by weathering from a soft marly rock exceedingly rich in fossils. Specimens of Ostrea, Plicatula, Pecten and Anomia have the shell well preserved. Many others, including species of Cardium, Trigonia, Corbula, Isocardia, Cytherea, Leda, Nucula, Cerithium, Alaria, Melo, Pterocera, Turritella, Natica and others are preserved only as casts. Consequently the shell to which the oyster was attached has usually disappeared, except in those cases in which it was attached to one of its own species. More than half of the specimens have the two valves united and free from adhesions, so that they are capable of exhibiting the phenomenon referred to. More than nine-tenths of these show more or less clearly in the upper valve the figure impressed upon the lower valve by the shell to which the latter adhered.

The author gave a short description of the Oxford Clay area in the neighbourhood of Peterborough, and mentioned the properties which caused it to be worked, in the parishes of Eye, Thorney, Whittlesey, Stanground, Fletton, and Stilton, for the manufacture of bricks and tiles. The clay is very fossiliferous at all these places, the most abundant remains being those of Belemnites Puzosianus, Gryphaea dilatata, Ammonites Elizabethœ, A. Duncani, A. convolutus, A. cordatus, A. fluctuosus, A. hecticus, A. Comptoni , and a few other species of Ammonites which Dr. Porter had not been able to determine. There were also Cerithium Damonis, Serpula vertebralis, Belemnites gracilis, Pecten , 2 sp., Nucula, Corbula, Avicula , abundant remains of Ichthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, Pliosaurus , and Steneosaurus (?). The author had also found a portion of a spine of Ptychacanthus ornatissimus , and a few palatal teeth of Strophodus subreticulatus . What, however, he particularly called attention to in this communication was the occurrence of large quantities of fossil wood, in pieces sometimes more than a yard in length, highly bituminous, quite black, having a fracture similar to jet, and capable of almost as high a degree of polish as that mineral; it is also exceedingly brittle, and, when exposed to the air, cracks in all directions. Most of the specimens are flat, and bear on their surface impressions of Ammonites and other shells.