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Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2023): Kalanchoe krigeae (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, small-growing species from northeastern South Africa split off from K. rotundifolia. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 280-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Key to distinguish among Kalanchoe decumbens, K. krigeae, and K. rotundifolia 1. Leaf consistency soft; adaxial surface of corolla lobes uniformly vividly deep red to orange-red; corolla lobes ± ovate to elliptic........................................................................................................................................................................... Kalanchoe decumbens 1’. Leaf consistency firm; adaxial surface of corolla lobes uniformly apricot-orange, bright orange, or red, sometimes orange-infused if red; corolla lobes generally narrowly elliptic.................................................................................................................................2 2. Leaves lanceolate-cymbiform to narrowly oblong-terete; corolla lobes often sigmoidally down- and upcurved, apically roundedacute to acute......................................................................................................................................................... Kalanchoe krigeae 2’. Leaves oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate to round; corolla lobes ± flat, straight, apically attenuate-acute............................................................................................................................................................................................................... Kalanchoe rotundifolia

Kalanchoe krigeae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, sp. nov. (Fig. 2A–E). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga province.—2430 (Pilgrim’s Rest): near Pilgrim’s Rest, towards Bourke’s Luck (– DB), in rocky patches in savanna, ca. 1100 m above sea level [asl]. 12 May 2023. Gideon F . Smith 1207 (holotype PRU). Diagnosis:—The overall colour of the leaves and stems of K. krigeae is light green to very light glaucous, while those of K. rotundifolia are glaucous to dull light yellowish green, and those of K. decumbens are generally uniformly light green. Leaves of K. krigeae and K. rotundifolia are firm while those of K. decumbens are soft-textured. Kalanchoe krigeae has lanceolate-cymbiform to narrowly oblong-terete leaves while those of K. decumbens are narrowly oblong to somewhat clavate, and those of K. rotundifolia are round to oblanceolate to obovate. The adaxial surface of the corolla lobes of K. krigeae is uniformly apricot-orange to bright orange to red to sometimes orange-infused, that of K. decumbens is uniformly vividly deep red to orange-red, and that of K. rotundifolia is uniformly red to dull orange. Description:—Annual, perennial, or biennial, few-leaved, unbranched or sparsely branched from base, glabrous, low-growing, small succulent, with erect to leaning to creeping stems, 5–15(–30) cm tall when not in flower. Stems one to few arising from the rootstock or slightly higher up, light green, bluish purple-infusion lacking, usually simple or sometimes producing obovate-leaved branchlets near base, main stems very rarely branched higher up, thin, ± herbaceous. Leaves (15–)20–45(–50) × (5–) 6–8 mm, light green to very light glaucous, with slight bloom, generally not finely purple-dotted except when young, opposite-decussate, sessile, erectly spreading at a 30–45° degree angle, sparsely carried throughout; petiole absent; blade succulent, obovate when young, lanceolate-cymbiform to narrowly oblong-terete at maturity, often involute, then appearing channelled above, usually straight; apex rounded-obtuse or slightly pointed; base gradually tapering to a narrow insertion on the stem; margins entire. Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, (5–)10–30(–35) cm tall, with leaf-like bracts at nodes, bracts increasingly smaller upwards, floriferous only at the top, erect or leaning, apically sparsely branched, 1- to few- to several-flowered, branches opposite or sometimes with only a single branch at a node, subtended by small, persistent leaf-like bracts, leafy branchlets rarely developing in axils, axis light green, generally lacking slight waxy bloom; pedicels slender, 4–6(–18) mm long. Flowers 12–14 mm long, erect; calyx dull green, distally reddish-infused, covered with slight bloom; sepals 4, ± 1.00 × 0.75–1.00 mm, ± separate, basally very slightly fused, deltoid-triangular, often blunt-tipped to rounded-acute, hardly to slightly contrasting against basal part of corolla; corolla 11–13 mm long, prominently enlarged basally around carpels, distinctly and tightly anti-clockwise-twisted apically after anthesis; corolla tube 10–12 mm long, distally consistently dull orangegreen, bluish purple infusion lacking, more strongly green-infused around ovaries, light green basally at level of sepals, 4-angled, narrowly urceolate, strongly globose basally to 4-angled when viewed from below, narrowing above carpels; lobes 5–6 × 1.5–2.0 mm, spreading at 45–90° angle to sigmoidally down- and upcurved, usually uniformly apricot-orange to bright orange to red, if red, sometimes orange-infused, slight yellowish-infusion in centre generally lacking, narrowly elliptic, rounded-acute to acute apically, then minutely apiculate, margins apically in-rolled, showing diurnal movement. Stamens inserted in two ranks near mouth of corolla tube, included; filaments 1–2 mm long, thin, yellow; anthers 0.25–0.30 mm long, yellow. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels ± 5 mm long, uniformly mid-green, distinct purple-infusion lacking; styles 0.75–1.00 mm long, yellowish green; stigmas very slightly capitate, yellowish green; scales 2.0– 2.5 mm long, linear, light yellow. Follicles 5–8 mm long, light green at first, enveloped in dry, whitish remains of corolla, eventually brittle, grass spikelet-like with remains of corolla then light brownish white. Seed 0.50–0.75 mm long, very faintly striated, ellipsoid to more rarely somewhat banana-shaped, dark brown. Chromosome number: unknown. Distribution and habitat:— Kalanchoe krigeae occurs naturally in the vicinity of Pilgrim’s Rest and Bourke’s Luck in northeastern Mpumalanga at an elevation of 1000–1100 m asl, with its distribution range petering out further south in the direction of Mbombela and Eswatini, and unconfirmed reports also places it further north. In contrast, K. decumbens is restricted to the southeastern border area between Eswatini, the northeastern parts of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province, and possibly also occurs in adjacent southwestern Mozambique, at an elevation of only about 600 m asl. Kalanchoe rotundifolia occurs sympatrically with both K. decumbens and K. krigeae and is widely dispersed in an extensive natural geographical distribution range through eastern-southern and south-tropical Africa, further north to eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean island of Socotra. Plants of K. krigeae grow in the dappled shade of a range of different grasses, shrubs, and (often deciduous) trees, often in thin soils that accumulate in depressions in rock sheets. Virtually the entire known natural geographical distribution range of K. krigeae, much of it along the northern Drakensberg escarpment, falls within the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, to which it accordingly is near-endemic (Van Wyk & Smith 2001: 120–125). At least two other kalanchoes, K. winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters in Crouch et al. (2016: 219) and K. crouchii Smith & Figueiredo (2018b: 87), are endemic to the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism. The natural geographical distribution range of K. krigeae additionally overlaps with that of K. sexangularis Brown (1913: 120). Although these species to a large extent flower simultaneously during the winter months, hybrids or intermediate forms have yet to be observed. Tölken (1985: 62–64, Fig. 7), when discussing and illustrating forms of a broadly conceived K. rotundifolia, noted material here described as K. krigeae under his Figure 7(c). At species rank, Kalanchoe is most diverse in Madagascar, but with significant secondary centres of high species diversity present in southern, southwestern south-tropical, and eastern Africa.As the genus is presently understood, the number of species indigenous to the Near, Middle, and Far East are much lower than in Madagascar and Africa. The largest diversity of southern African Kalanchoe species is found in eastern southern Africa where 22 of the indigenous subcontinental species occur east of the Drakensberg massif, from south-central KwaZulu-Natal in the south in a broad sweep to the Limpopo River in the north (Smith & Figueiredo 2021: 207–208, Smith 2022a: 164–167). Eponymy:— Kalanchoe krigeae is named for Alicia Krige (born Welkom, Orange Free State [now the Free State] province, South Africa, 26 June 1982 –) (Fig. 2F). Alicia graduated from the University of Pretoria with a B.Sc. degree in 2004 and a B.Sc. (Hons) degree in 2005, both specialising in Botany. Her B.Sc. (Hons) project involved a study of the silver vegetation at the interface of the grassland and savanna (bushveld) biomes in the Broederstroom area, Gauteng province, South Africa (see Krige & Van Wyk 2005). In 2012 Alicia was awarded a M.Sc. degree, also by the University of Pretoria, for a taxonomic study of the legume genus Elephantorrhiza Bentham (1841: 344) (see for example Grobler & Van Wyk 2010). In 2006, after serving a brief stint as an intern in the South African National Biodiversity Institute’s National Herbarium (Herb. PRE), Pretoria, she was appointed as curator of the legume collection in the same institution. In 2010 she moved to the Institute’s Publications Section as a scientific editor, a post she still holds.

Kalanchoe × oberlanderi Gideon F.Sm. nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–F). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (– CA), ex hort., 03 September 2022, G. F . Smith 1199 (PRU holotype). Parentage:— Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Von Poellnitz (1934: 159) × K. manginii Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie (1912: 370). Diagnosis:— Kalanchoe × oberlanderi is a few- to many-leaved and -branched, very finely pubescent or more rarely glabrous, tuft-forming succulent that in both vegetative and reproductive morphological characters is intermediate between its parents, K. blossfeldiana and K. manginii. The stems and branches of K. × oberlanderi are thin and somewhat brittle woody, like those of K. manginii, while K. blossfeldiana is a small, herbaceous-shrubby species. The generally obovate to orbicular to cordate leaves of K. × oberlanderi are smaller than the ovate-oblong to oblong ones of K. blossfeldiana, but usually larger than the obovate to spathulate ones of K. manginii. The bright crimson red to lighter red to pinkish corolla tube of K. × oberlanderi is slightly enlarged above the middle, i.e., widening towards the mouth, with that of K. blossfeldiana being light green and red-infused and gradually urceolate, and that of K. manginii being orange-red to deep crimson red and campanulate. Description:—Perennial, few- to many-leaved, few- to multi-branched from base, very finely pubescent or more rarely glabrous, tuft-forming succulent, to 600 mm tall. Stems few, brittle-woody, brown to reddish brown, older internodes with longitudinal light brownish or greenish lines, unbranched or sparsely branched, erect to leaning, sometimes creeping, rooting along the way, leaning branches sometimes developing short, near-woody stilt-like roots, nodes thickened, round; sterile and reproductive stems finely pubescent to, rarely, glabrous. Leaves oppositedecussate, subsessile to distinctly petiolate, light to mid-green to variously infused with red, succulent, lower older ones spreading to horizontal to decurved, upper younger ones ± vertical, papery on drying; petiole to 10 mm long if present, channelled above, not clasping the stem; blade 10–30 × 10–20 mm, obovate to orbicular to cordate or somewhat oblong, flat, sometimes curved upwards towards margin; apex rounded-obtuse; base ± cuneate; margins weakly crenate to entIre especIally In upper ⅔, pubescent. Inflorescence a terminal, branched, erect, apically sparse to dense, few- to many-flowered, flat-topped cyme with several dichasia, 180–200 mm tall, rounded when viewed from above, branches opposite, erectly spreading, subtended by very small leaf-like bracts, lacking leafy branchlets in axils, without bulbils; peduncle generally bright red, minutely white-hairy; pedicels slender, 8–10 mm long. Flowers tetramerous, 19–21 mm long, erect to erectly spreading to pendent; calyx light to dark reddish green, strongly infused with small red spots especially towards sepal margins; sepals 4, ± separate, basally fused for ± 1 mm, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, triangular-lanceolate, acute-tipped, hardly contrasting against light green basal part of corolla tube, minutely white-hairy, not adnate to lower part of corolla tube; corolla 18–20 mm long, slightly enlarged above the middle, not twisted apically after anthesis, minutely white-hairy, drying purple-red; corolla tube 16–18 mm long, ± to distinctly 4- angled-cylindrical, box-shaped-square when viewed from below, bright crimson red, sometimes lighter red to pinkish, light green lower down ± at level of calyx, minutely white-hairy; lobes 4.5–5.0 × 4.5–5.0 mm, bright crimson red, sometimes lighter pinkish red, ovate to suborbicular, rounded at apex, apiculate. Stamens 8, inserted at about the middle of the corolla tube, ± included; filaments 6–7 mm long, thin, yellow, ± adnate to corolla tube; anthers 0.5 mm long, arrowhead-shaped, purplish brown when pollen shed. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 6–7 mm long, light green, sometimes slightly red-infused; styles 8–9 mm long; stigmas capitate, whitish yellow; nectar scales 1.5–2.0 mm long, ribbon-like-linear, slightly tapering upwards, light yellowish green. Follicles 6–7 mm long, dull whitish green, brittle, grass spikelet-like, enveloped in dry, purplish remains of corolla. Seed 0.50–0.75 mm long, light brown. Chromosome number: unknown. [Chromosome numbers of parents: K. manginii 2 n = 34 and K. blossfeldiana 2 n = 34, see Smith 2022d: 158 and 161, respectively]. Flowering period:—Like most kalanchoes, K. × oberlanderi is a short-day plant that flowers mainly in the winter months, but as is the case with K. blossfeldiana, one of its parents, material can be manipulated to bloom at other times of the year (see Smith et al. 2019: 97–98 for a discussion). Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × oberlanderi is named for Dr Kenneth Carl Oberlander ([George, Western Cape, South Africa] 16 September 1978 –) (Fig. 3). Kenneth completed his Ph.D. at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, after which he completed post-doctoral appointments at that University, and in Prague, Czech Republic. He is at present a senior lecturer in the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and Head of the University’s H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium [Herb. PRU]. Dr Oberlander’s research interests are principally in plant systematics, with specific emphasis on polyploidy and its evolutionary effects, and in phylogenetics and biogeography. He is an authority on Oxalis Linnaeus (1753: 433) and recently participated in a survey of the conservation status of Kalanchoe in southern Africa., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2023, Kalanchoe × oberlanderi (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a horticulturally successful nothospecies with the Malagasy K. blossfeldiana and K. manginii as parents, pp. 64-72 in Phytotaxa 594 (1) on pages 67-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7868925, {"references":["Von Poellnitz, [J.] K. [L. A.]. (1934) XV. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Centralblatt fur Sammlung und Veroffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen Neuer Pflanzen 35: 159 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19340350803","Smith, G. F. (2022 d) A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 153 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 560.2.2","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2017 - 0 - 00602 - X"]}

Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago, Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel (2023): Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva. Phytotaxa 592 (2): 99-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Echeveria pringlei var. longisepala :— MEXICO. Jalisco: below and E of the mesa of San Andrés Cohamiata, on rocky SE ledge, Mezquitic, ca. 1800 m, 28 October 1987, J. Bauml & G. Voss 1932 (HNT!, MICH!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Echeveria multicaulis:— MEXICO. Guerrero: collected by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman near Omiltemi, May 1903 (flowered in Washington in December 1903), Rose 628 (F!, GH!, US!); about 10 km west of Camotla, 2500 m, 1 December 1963, C. Feddema et al. 2798 (MICH!); an 8 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo camino a Filo de Caballo, 3000 m, 15 April 1982, E. Martínez 910 (MEXU!); Sierra de Campo Morado 5 km SW of Filo de Caballo, at jct. of roads to Chilpancingo and Atoyac, 18 January 1983, D. Neill 5356 (MEXU!); 15 km SO de Jilguero, 3100 m, 4 June 1983, T. P. Ramamoorthy et al. 4243 (MEXU!); Cerro Teotepec, 26 km al SO de El Jilguero, 3130 m, 17 August 1985, J. C. Soto & S. Román 10049 (MEXU!); a 200 m de Carrizalillo, 1 km al SO de Filo de Caballo, 2360 m, 2 December 1988, A. García et al. 4106 (MEXU!); Parque Omiltemi, 2514 m, 17°33’07.43”N 99°43’09.33”W, 27 August 2010, J. Reyes 6635 (MEXU!). Jalisco: ca. 6 km al S de Canutillo, sobre brecha a Mexiquillo, Tecalitlán, 2000 m, 21 October 1989, J. Villa et al. 117 (IBUG!); San Miguel de la Sierra, 35 km al oeste de Ayutla, alrededores de la cascada Salto de Roma, Ayutla, 2050 m, 20°06’30”N 104°36’08”W, 2 April 2011, A. Castro et al. 2395 (IBUG!). Michoacán: 500 m al NE de Dos Aguas, antena de microondas Chiqueritos, Aguililla, 2400 m, 1 November 2009, J. González et al. 404 (IBUG!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Echeveria pringlei var. pringlei :— MEXICO. Jalisco: dry shaded ledges of the barranca near Guadalajara, 28 November 1888, C. G. Pringle 1853 (F!, GH!, MEXU!, MICH!, NY!, PH!, RSA!, US!); Barranca de Guadalajara, 28/29 September 1903, J. N. Rose 870 (GH!, MEXU!); Barranca de Oblatos a ½ km de la entrada por el camino que conduce a los baños, Guadalajara, 1370 m, 14 November 1992, S. Guerrero et al. 473 (MEXU!, MICH!); Barranca de Colimilla, en cañada antes de la presa, Tonalá, 1300 m, 27 October 1993, M. Negrete et al. 65 (IBUG!, MEXU!); Barranca de Colimilla, en cañada antes de la presa, Tonalá, 1300 m, 6 November 1993, M. Negrete et al. 78 (TEX!, WIS!); Cañón de Matatlán, 3.3 km en línea recta al NO de Matatlán, Vereda de Las Cruces hacia El Agua Caliente, Zapotlanejo, 1400 m, 20°44’16”N 103°09’43”W, 11 July 2017, P. Carrillo et al. 8603 (IBUG!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Echeveria flammigera:— MEXICO. Durango: near Tayoltita, San Dimas, R. Spencer s.n. (HNT!); La Desmontada, 4.5 km al S, por el camino a Mala Noche, San Dimas, 2150 m, 7 March 1990, M. González 2388 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Rosales-Martínez, C. Santiago & Hernández-Campos, J. Daniel, 2023, Echeveria flammigera (Crassulaceae), a new name and status for E. pringlei var. parva, pp. 99-108 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7840417

Sedum kawaraense Takuro Ito & Kanemitsu, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 3) Type:— JAPAN. Kyushu, Fukuoka: Tagawa-gun, Kawara-machi, Mt. Kawara-dake, 16 May 2021, Hironobu Kanemitsu 4170 (holotype TUS!). Diagnosis:— Sedum kawaraense differs from its close relatives (Table 2) in life history, rosulate and cauline leaf morphology, presence of stolons and bulbs at the leaf axil, flowering stem extension pattern, length, number of flowers, and habitat. Among these species, S. kawaraense is morphologically most similar to S. lipingense in the monocarpic life cycle, presence of rosette during anthesis and spatulate-oblanceolate cauline leaves, absent bulbs and stolons, and flowering stem extending from the rosette center and leaf axil, but differs in having larger spatulate rosulate leaves and more flowers per flowering stem (Table 2). Description:—Winter annual or biennial herbs, fleshy, glabrous. Rarely forms bulbils on leaf axils for vegetative propagation. Roots, fibrous, partially lignified. Rosettes 1.5–4.7 cm across; rosulate leaves alternate, reddish or greenish, sessile, thick, spatulate, entire, apex obtuse, base attenuated and shortly spurred, 0.7–2.4 cm long, 0.1–0.7 cm wide. Stem, single shoot emerging from rosette center, other shoots from the rosulate leaf axils, reddish or greenish, erect, 2.2–5.8 cm tall; cauline leaves mostly alternate, reddish or greenish, sessile, thick, spatulate to oblanceolate, entire, apex obtuse, base attenuated and shortly spurred, 0.3–1.6 cm long, 0.1–0.7 cm wide.; Flowering stems 1 to 7, fleshy, 2.0– 8.2 cm tall, base ca. 0.2 cm broad, reddish or greenish, erect. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, 2 to 3 branched, each branch usually 2–6 flowered. Bracts leaf-like, oblanceolate, apex obtuse, 0.3–1.6 cm long, 0.1–0.5 cm wide. Sepals 5, free, green, fleshy, subequal, lanceolate, 1–3 mm long, 0.8–1.2 mm wide, base shortly spurred, apex obtuse. Petals 5, blight yellow, lanceolate 4.5–6.5 mm long, 1.6–2.2 mm wide, apex acuminate, base slightly connate. Stamens 10, shorter than petals, 3.5–5.2 mm long, erect at flowering, 2–whorled; anthers oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, red before dehiscence. Carpels 5, free, ascending, connate at the base, gibbous ventrally, 3.2–4.5 mm long. Fruits starshaped, follicle, ascending, 5.0– 6.5 mm long. Flowering in May to June. This new species is categorized in sect. Sedum due to the presence of adaxially gibbous carpels (Fu & Ohba 2001)(Fig. 3). Etymology:—Epithet refers to the Japanese name of the type locality, Kawara-dake. Distribution and habitat:—Endemic to Kawara-dake and its adjacent areas, Kyushu, Japan, on shady and mossy limestone rock. Japanese common name:—Kawara-mannen-gusa (nov.). Additional specimens examined (paratype):— JAPAN. Kyushu, Fukuoka: Tagawa-gun, Kawara-machi, Mt. Kawara-dake, Hironobu Kanemitsu 1121, 4163, 4164, 4165 (TUS), Hironobu Kanemitsu 4166, 4173 (TNS), Miyakogun, Miyako-machi, Ryu-ga-hana, Takuro Ito 7715, 7716, 7717 (TUS). Conservation. IUCN Red List category:—Critically Endangered (CR). The distribution of S. kawaraense is restricted to limestone areas S. kawaraense qualifies as a CR. However, based on Criterion D1, S. kawaraense is qualified as NT because the populations in the two localities amount to ca. 2,400 mature individuals (ca. 1500 individuals in Kawara-dake and ca. 900 individuals in Ryu-ga-hana). Criterion B2 was adopted based on the precautionary principle., Published as part of Ito, Takuro, Kanemitsu, Hironobu, Hoson, Taishi & Yahara, Tetsukazu, 2023, A new species of succulent plant discovered in limestone areas of Kyushu, Japan: Sedum kawaraense (Crassulaceae), pp. 149-160 in Phytotaxa 587 (2) on page 154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7731904, {"references":["Fu, K. T. & Ohba, H. (2001) Crassulaceae. In: Editorial Committee of Flora of China (ed.) Flora of China 8. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 244 - 401.","IUCN (2022) The IUCN Red list of the threatened species, version 2022 - 1. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed: 22 July 2022)."]}

Diagnostic key of S. kawaraense and related species 1. Carpels 3........................................................................................................................................................................... S. tricarpum – Carpels 5............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. Perennial, a stolon present, rosulate leaves absent during flowering.................................................................................... S. subtile – Annual or biennial, a stolon absent, rosulate leaves present during flowering..................................................................................3 3. Bulb present at leaf axils................................................................................................................................................ S. bulbiferum – Bulb absent at leaf axils......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Flowering stem extends only from rosette center...............................................................................................................................5 – Flowering stem extends from rosette center and leaf axils................................................................................................................6 5. Cauline leaves obovate to spatulate, 0.7–1.2× 0.3–0.6 cm..................................................................................... S. erythrospermum – Cauline leaves narrowly obovate to spatulate-oblong, 2.0–3.0× 0.3–0.7 cm............................................................. S. hangzhouense 6. Flowers 2–6, rosulate leaves broadly obovate................................................................................................................. S. lipingense – Flowers 4–16, rosulate leaves spatulate........................................................................................................................ S. kawaraense, Published as part of Ito, Takuro, Kanemitsu, Hironobu, Hoson, Taishi & Yahara, Tetsukazu, 2023, A new species of succulent plant discovered in limestone areas of Kyushu, Japan: Sedum kawaraense (Crassulaceae), pp. 149-160 in Phytotaxa 587 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7731904

Diagnostic key of S. kawaraense and related species 1. Carpels 3........................................................................................................................................................................... S. tricarpum – Carpels 5............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. Perennial, a stolon present, rosulate leaves absent during flowering.................................................................................... S. subtile – Annual or biennial, a stolon absent, rosulate leaves present during flowering..................................................................................3 3. Bulb present at leaf axils................................................................................................................................................ S. bulbiferum – Bulb absent at leaf axils......................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Flowering stem extends only from rosette center...............................................................................................................................5 – Flowering stem extends from rosette center and leaf axils................................................................................................................6 5. Cauline leaves obovate to spatulate, 0.7–1.2× 0.3–0.6 cm..................................................................................... S. erythrospermum – Cauline leaves narrowly obovate to spatulate-oblong, 2.0–3.0× 0.3–0.7 cm............................................................. S. hangzhouense 6. Flowers 2–6, rosulate leaves broadly obovate................................................................................................................. S. lipingense – Flowers 4–16, rosulate leaves spatulate........................................................................................................................ S. kawaraense

An unknown species of the genus Sedum was discovered in Kawara-dake and Ryu-ga-hana, limestone mountains in Kyushu, Japan. The present study aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of the unknown Sedum species through morphological and ecological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences based on comprehensive taxon sampling of sect. Sedum in East Asia. Morphologically and ecologically, the unknown species was most similar to S. lipingense in China, but was distinguished by having larger spatulate rosulate leaves and more flowers per flowering stem. Phylogenetically, it belonged to a clade with four Chinese endemics including S. lipingense and two other species widely distributed in East Asia. The clade showed polytomy at the base, but the unknown species was genetically differentiated from the other species. Therefore, we describe the unknown species from Kawara-dake as a new species, S. kawaraense.

Sedum jinglanii, a new species of Crassulaceae from Mount Danxia in Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA suggests that the new species belongs to S. sect. Sedum sensu Fu and Ohba (2001) in the “Flora of China”, and is sister to a clade comprising S. alfredi and S. emarginatum with high support values (SH-aLRT = 84, UFBS = 95) but is distantly related to S. baileyi. The new species is morphologically similar to S. alfredi but it can be distinguished from the latter in its opposite leaves (vs. alternate leaves), its usually wider leaves (0.4–1.2 cm vs. 0.2–0.6 cm), its usually shorter petals (3.4–4.5 mm vs. 4–6 mm), its shorter nectar scales (0.4–0.5 mm vs. 0.5–1 mm), its shorter carpels (1.5–2.6 mm vs. 4–5 mm), and its shorter styles (0.6–0.9 mm vs. 1–2 mm). The new species can be easily distinguished from S. emarginatum which both have opposite leaves by its short, erect or ascending rhizome (vs. long and prostrate rhizome in the latter), shorter petals (3.4–4.5 mm vs. 6–8 mm) and shorter carpels (1.5–2.6 mm vs. 4–5 mm). It can also be easily distinguished from S. baileyi by its short, erect or ascending rhizome (vs. long and prostrate rhizome) and its shorter style (0.6–0.9 mm vs. 1–1.5 mm).

Smith, Gideon F. (2023): A reassessment of combinations previously proposed or published for Kalanchoe subg. Alatae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), and its valid publication at the rank of subgenus. Phytotaxa 585 (1): 61-66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.7

3.1 Kalanchoe eriophylla Kalanchoe eriophylla Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Hab. in monte Antoungoun provinc. Emerinae., s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374105, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00374105). Heterotypic synonym:— Cotyledon pannosa Baker (1881:269). Type:— MADAGASCAR. Ankaratra Mountains, 1879, L. Kitching s.n. (holotype K K000232849, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000232849, not seen). Taxonomic status of K. eriophylla :— Kalanchoe eriophylla is an accepted species. Notes on the holotype of the name K. eriophylla :—As part of the protologue of the name K. eriophylla, Tulasne (1857: 149) cites a single gathering, “ Provenit, BOJERIO docente, in monte Antoungoun provinciae Emirnensis (Herb. mus. par.)”. Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) state that the “ Type ” of the name K. eriophylla is “ Bojer s. no, Mt Antogona, Imerina. Holo-P.” Since there is a single specimen at Herb. P, MNHN-P-P00374105, we concur that this specimen is the holotype of the name K. eriophylla, under Turland et al. (2018: Art. 9.1). At Herb. BM a specimen annotated “ Madagascar. Hilsenberg and Bojer ” with the handwritten label “ Calanchoe eriophylla nob. Hab. in monte Antoongoon prov. Emerinae ” is likely part of the same gathering and is a better quality specimen than the one deposited at Herb. P, but in the absence of a collecting number or date it cannot be considered a duplicate of the holotype (isotype). Notes on the type of the name Cotyledon pannosa :— Baker (1881: 269) seemingly did not cite any specimens in the protologue of the name C. pannosa. However, he clearly indicated (Baker 1881: 264) that the collector was Langley Kitching (1835–1910) and that the collection was made in Madagascar in 1879. Kitching was in Madagascar from June to November 1879 (Dorr 1997: 240–241). In the protologue, the locality of the collection is given as “Ankaratra mountains”. Under the name C. pannosa, Herb. K holds the specimen L. Kitching s.n. [http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000232879], of which an image is not accessible online. Hamet (1908: 30 [46]) referred to the specimen, “ L. Kitching [s.n.]”, as “échantillon authentique” for the name C. pannosa, these two words are not equivalent to “type”; they only refer to a representative specimen and, in this case, also the only material cited by Baker (1881). Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) apparently overlooked Baker’s (and Hamet’s) reference to Kitching as the collector of the material cited in the protologue and erroneously state that, for the name C. pannosa, the “Type” is “s. nom de coll., massif de l’Ankaratra (prob. Baron 1032, iso-P)”, suggesting that a specimen of Baron 1032 might be the holotype, with an isotype extant at Herb. P. It is known that Baker was provided with large volumes of often undescribed plant material that was collected in Madagascar by Reverend Richard Baron (8 September 1847, Kendal, Westmorland, United Kingdom — 12 October 1907, Morecambe, Lancashire, United Kingdom) (see for example Smith & Figueiredo 2021: 195). Over a period of several years in the 1880s, Baker described many new genera and species represented by Baron’s specimens (Smith & Figueiredo 2021, 2022b, 2023). Nevertheless, in this case there is no doubt that the original material of C. pannosa was collected by Kitching, and not by Baron, as is clearly stated by Baker (1881: 264)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Tulasne, L. - R. [' Edmond']. (1857) Florae madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceae. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe (sic, Kalanchoe) on pp. 147 - 150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique ser. 4, 8: 44 - 163. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129817 # page / 151 / mode / 1 up]","Baker, J. G. (1881 [21 February]) Notes on a collection of flowering plants made by L. Kitching, Esq., in Madagascar in 1879 (Plates VII. & VIII.). Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18: 264 - 281. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 8373 # page / 271 / mode / 1 up]","Boiteau, P. & Allorge-Boiteau, L. (1995) Kalanchoe (Crassulacees) de Madagascar. Systematique, ecophysiologie et phytochimie. ICSN, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Editions Karthala, Paris, 252 pp.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Dorr, L. J. (1997) Plant collectors in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. A biographical and bibliographical guide to individuals and groups who have collected herbarium material of algae, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, and vascular plants in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. The Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 524 pp.","Hamet, R. (1908) Monographie du genre Kalanchoe. Suite et fin. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 8: 17 - 48. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 104945 # page / 31 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021) The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe streptantha Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Bradleya 39: 195 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 39.2021. a 20"]}

Kalanchoe × sampsonii Gideon F.Sm., nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–F) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (–CA), ex hort., 17 May 2022, G .F. Smith 1184 (holotype PRU). Parentage:— Kalanchoe × hankeyi Smith (2020d: 93) × Kalanchoe sexangularis Brown (1913: 120). Diagnosis:— Kalanchoe × sampsonii is a medium-sized, perennial nothospecies that is intermediate between its parents, K. × hankeyi and K. sexangularis, but with several characters enhanced so yielding material with improved horticultural potential. It differs from K. × hankeyi by its leaves usually being larger, especially in width, longitudinally folded as in K. sexangularis, rather than ± flat, and generally distinctly red-infused, but less so than in K. sexangularis. In terms of reproductive morphology, K. × sampsonii differs from both K. × hankeyi and K. sexangularis by its inflorescences being much more densely branched and the branches have a wider spread. The flowers of K. × sampsonii are larger than those of K. × hankeyi and K. sexangularis, but generally smaller than those of K. longiflora, one of the parents of K. × hankeyi. In K. × sampsonii the corolla tube and corolla lobes are more intensely yellow than in either of its parents, where especially the tube colour is variously subdued by greenish infusion. Description:—Perennial, many-leaved, usually densely branched, glabrous, medium-sized to succulent shrublets, (0.2–) 0.3–0.5 m tall when not in flower. Stems and branches mid- to light green to somewhat to strongly red-infused, erect to leaning under weight of branches, often with several lengthwise running ridges especially when young, 4- angled in sterile shoots and higher up in stem-peduncle transition, thickened at internodes, leaf scars obvious, whitish grey. Leaves opposite-decussate, petiolate, mid-green, often red-infused, succulent, erectly spreading, recurved, coriaceous and papery on drying; petiole (15–)20(–30) mm long, channeled above, leaves not clasping stem, very slightly thickened where attached to stems and branches; blade 120–135(–150) × (65–)80–90(–100) mm, generally broadly elliptic, somewhat folded lengthwise, recurved in upper half; base narrowly triangular to cuneate throughout; apex rounded-obtuse, usually with soft tip; margins undulate-crenate into distinct, rounded, harmless, tooth-like crenations in upper ¾ to ⅞, teeth becoming smaller to obsolescent towards leaf base and tip. Inflorescence 0.5–0.8 m tall from base of peduncle, robust, multi-branched, erect to leaning, apically dense, many-flowered, ± flat- to roundtopped thyrse consisting of several dense dichasia, round to rather ellipsoid in outline when viewed from above, branches opposite, erectly ascending at an angle of 30–45°, subtended by strongly red-infused leaf-like bracts that are initially persistent but eventually shed, without, or very rarely with, leafy branchlets in axils, axis light to mid-green to red-infused; pedicels 5–9(–10) mm long, slender. Flowers erect, bright yellow-tipped in bud, copiously nectariferous; calyx shiny, uniformly light green, not contrasting against corolla base, sepals 2.0 × 1.5 mm, triangular-deltoid, ± separate, basally adnate to fused for ± 1 mm, acute-tipped; corolla 16–19 mm long, enlarged lower down (not inflated), not twisted apically after anthesis, tube 14–17 mm long, greenish yellow, distinctly 4-angled, box-shaped-square when viewed from below, longitudinally fluted above, lobes 4.0–4.5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, uniformly bright yellow, ovate to subcircular, ± rounded at apex, apiculate, slightly to distinctly recurved. Stamens 4, inserted in two distinct ranks well above middle of corolla tube; filaments 2–3 mm long, thin, greenish yellow; anthers 0.50–0.75 mm long, light yellow before anthesis, turning yellowish grey post-anthesis, slightly exserted. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 7–8 mm long, light green; styles 5.5–7.0 mm long; stigmas distinctly capitate, whitish yellow; scales ± 3.0– 3.5 mm long, linear, gradually tapering upwards, yellow. Follicles 9–11 mm long, initially light green, later brittle, grass spikelet-like, enveloped in dry, light brown to grey remains of corolla. Seeds 0.50–0.75 mm long, reddish brown to dark brown, tapering to both ends, oval to banana-shaped curved in outline, faintly striated. Chromosome number: unknown. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × sampsonii is named for Mr Jason David Stephan Sampson (10 February 1979, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa –) (Fig. 2H). Mr Sampson grew up in Roodepoort in central Gauteng on South Africa’s West Rand and after matriculating read for a B.Sc. degree in Botany and Earth Sciences at the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, now the Potchefstroom campus of the North-West University. He is currently enrolled for a Master’s degree in Horticulture at the University of Pretoria. In 2010, Jason assumed the curatorship of the Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden of the University of Pretoria where he has developed several large-scale, waterwise projects such as the rainwater harvesting garden and the cremnophyte-based green walls of the new Plant Science building (see Smith & Figueiredo 2020: 253). Several of Mr Sampson’s projects have received industry awards. Jason has a longstanding interest in xeriscaping, especially with a range of succulents (Sampson 2018: 10). He has introduced a large number of aloes and kalanchoes, including material of K. × estrelae Smith (2020a: 225) (Fig. 2H), to cultivated beds on the Hatfield campus of the University of Pretoria. Flowering time:— Kalanchoe ×sampsonii flowers mainly in the autumn and winter months, (March–)April to August in the southern hemisphere. Horticulture:— Kalanchoe × sampsonii responds well to cultivation and once material propagated through stem cuttings is rooted virtually no after care is required. The horticultural appeal of K. × sampsonii is centred on its more intensely reddish-infused leaves and peduncles, the extensive branching and spread of the inflorescences, and larger and more intensely coloured (bright yellow) corolla tube and corolla lobes. In addition, K. × sampsonii attracts a range of birds and insects to a garden (Smith 2022g) and does not show any invasive tendencies (see Smith et al. 2021c)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2023, Kalanchoe × sampsonii [K. × hankeyi × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a horticulturally successful nothospecies from South Africa with enhanced vegetative and reproductive characters, pp. 293-300 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on pages 295-297, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7663502, {"references":["Smith, G. F. (2020 d) Kalanchoe × hankeyi [= K. longiflora × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa. Phytotaxa 451 (1): 93 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 451.1.9","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020) Aloe × engelbrechtii (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a new South African nothospecies with A. arborescens and A. hardyi as parents. Phytotaxa 464 (3): 252 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 464.3.8","Sampson, J. D. S. (2018) Aloes as ambassadors for water-wise gardening at the University of Pretoria, 2010 to present. Aloe 54 (1): 10 - 16.","Smith, G. F. (2020 a) Kalanchoe × estrelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between K. luciae and K. sexangularis. Phytotaxa 441 (2): 225 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 441.2.11","Smith, G. F. (2022 g) A review of the ecology and natural history of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in southern Africa. Bradleya 40: 161 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 40.2022. a 15","Smith, G. F., Shtein, R., Klein, D. - P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021 c) Special Review. Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.028.0101"]}

3.2 Kalanchoe miniata The taxonomy and nomenclature of K. miniata was comprehensively discussed by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124) and resolve as follows, with two further varieties, apart from the autonymic one, recognised: Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149–150). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo] Hab: in motibus saxocis [likely intended to have been “montibus saxosis”], prov. Emirna, s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374227, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00374227). Epitype:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo region] Angavo, Est Imerina, s.d. [received at Herb. P on 10 October 1928], H. Perrier de la Bâthie 13205 (epitype P P00443860, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443860), designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123– 124). Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tul. var. miniata. Type:—as for K. miniata. Kalanchoe miniata var. andringitrensis (Perrier de la Bâthie 1924:22) Perrier de la Bâthie (1928:19). Basionym:— Kalanchoe miniata ‘race’ andringitrensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1924: 22). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] De mon jardin de Tananarive. Prov (?) Massif d’Andringitra, s.d., H. Perrier de la Bâthie 14780 (lectotype P P00443884, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443884), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Kalanchoe miniata var. anjirensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1928: 19). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Rocailles dénudées, vers 900 m. alt., près d’Anjiro, Avril 1924, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16708 (lectotype P P00443889, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443889), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Taxonomic status of K. miniata :— Kalanchoe miniata is an accepted species.

3.4 Kalanchoe pinnata The taxonomy and nomenclature of K. pinnata was comprehensively discussed by Smith & Figueiredo (2018a: 220– 223) and Smith et al. (2019: 263–267), and resolve as follows: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Persoon (1805: 446) (Fig. 1). Type:—[MAURITIUS]. s.l., s.d., M. [P.] Sonnerat s.n. (holotype P P00297646, https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00297646). See Wickens (1987: 27) and Smith & Figueiredo (2018a: 222). Basionym:— Cotyledon pinnata Lamarck (1786: 141). Homotypic synonyms:— Vere [i] a pinnata (Lam.) Sprengel (1825: 260). Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (1841: 1966). Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz (1871: 52) [later isonym under Turland et al. (2018: Note 2 under Art. 6.3)]. Taxonomic status of K. pinnata :— Kalanchoe pinnata is an accepted species., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018 a) Nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 36: 220 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 36.2018. a 18","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (U. S. A.), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / C 2017 - 0 - 00602 - X","Persoon, C. H. (1805 [1 April - 15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J. G. Cottam, Tubingae [London], 546 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638","Wickens, G. E. (1987) Crassulaceae. In: Polhill, R. M. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa: Crassulaceae. Published on behalf of the East African Governments by A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 66 pp.","Lamarck, J. (1786 [16 October 1786]) Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique 2 (1). Panckoucke, Paris & Plomteux, Liege, 774 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 824","Sprengel, C. (1825) Systema vegetabilium. Editio decima sexta. Volumen II. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 939 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 822","Oken, L. (1841) Allgemeine Naturgeschichte fur alle Stande, von Professor Oken. Vol. 3 (3). Hoffmann'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1459 - 2142; Index (\" Register \"): pp. 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100031","Kurz, W. S. (1871) On some new or imperfectly known Indian Plants, continuation from Journal, Vol. XXXIX, Part II, pp. 61 - 91. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [Part 2. (Natural History, & c.)]. Calcutta 40 (2): 45 - 78. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110241 # page / 63 / mode / 1 up]","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

3.2 Kalanchoe miniata The taxonomy and nomenclature of K. miniata was comprehensively discussed by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124) and resolve as follows, with two further varieties, apart from the autonymic one, recognised: Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149–150). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo] Hab: in motibus saxocis [likely intended to have been “montibus saxosis”], prov. Emirna, s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374227, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00374227). Epitype:—[MADAGASCAR.] [Antananarivo region] Angavo, Est Imerina, s.d. [received at Herb. P on 10 October 1928], H. Perrier de la Bâthie 13205 (epitype P P00443860, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443860), designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123– 124). Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tul. var. miniata. Type:—as for K. miniata. Kalanchoe miniata var. andringitrensis (Perrier de la Bâthie 1924:22) Perrier de la Bâthie (1928:19). Basionym:— Kalanchoe miniata ‘race’ andringitrensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1924: 22). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] De mon jardin de Tananarive. Prov (?) Massif d’Andringitra, s.d., H. Perrier de la Bâthie 14780 (lectotype P P00443884, http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443884), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Kalanchoe miniata var. anjirensis Perrier de la Bâthie (1928: 19). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Rocailles dénudées, vers 900 m. alt., près d’Anjiro, Avril 1924, H. Perrier de la Bâthie 16708 (lectotype P P00443889, http:// coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00443889), lectotype designated by Smith & Shtein (2021: 123–124). Taxonomic status of K. miniata :— Kalanchoe miniata is an accepted species., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on pages 279-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Shtein, R., Smith, G. F. & Ikeda, J. (2021) Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. × descoingsii (= K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora). Phytotaxa 524 (4): 235 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 524.4.2","Tulasne, L. - R. [' Edmond']. (1857) Florae madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceae. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe (sic, Kalanchoe) on pp. 147 - 150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique ser. 4, 8: 44 - 163. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129817 # page / 151 / mode / 1 up]","Perrier de la Bathie, [J. M.] H. [A.] (1924 [1922 - 1923]) Les Crassulacees Malgaches. [Observations sur quelques especes du genre Kalanchoe, pp. 21 - 24; Crassulacees Malgaches nouvelles, pp. 24 - 26; Stations et distribution geographique, pp. 26 - 28; Synopsis des Crassulacees Malgaches pp. 29 - 36.] Bulletin de l'Academie Malgache [Nouvelle serie Tome VI] 6: 21 - 36. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 50784 # page / 80 / mode / 1 up]","Perrier de la Bathie, [J. M.] H. [A.] (1928 [Fevrier]) Observations nouvelles sur le genre Kalanchoe. Archives de Botanique II, Bulletin Mensuel. Caen 2 (2): 17 - 31."]}

3.3 Kalanchoe floribunda The taxonomy and nomenclature of K.floribunda resolve as follows: Kalanchoe floribunda Tulasne (1857: 150), nom. illeg. (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 53.1). Type:—[COMORO ISLANDS.] Iles Comores, Angazija, 1847–1852, M. [Louis-Hyacinthe] Boivin s.n. (lectotype P P00431004, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00431004), here designated as lectotype. Notes on the lectotype:— In the protologue of the name K. floribunda, Tulasne (1857: 150) stated: “Crescit in planitie Angazijae Comorarum maioque floret (BOVINII [Boivin] Herb.).” [English: “It grows in the plains / flat areas of Angazija [Ngazidja / Grande Comore, Comoro Islands] and is very floriferous (the Herbarium of [Louis-Hyacinthe] Boivin.”). Herb. P holds two specimens that bear printed labels with the wording: “Herb. Mus. Paris Iles Comores () M. Boivin 1847–1852. No.” that have the name “ Calanchoe [sic, Kalanchoe] floribunda ”, along with reference to Tulasne (1857: 150), written on them in black ink. Both specimens are available for examination online. On the specimen with the barcode P00431003 (available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00431003), the place name “ Angazija ” was added between the round brackets, but this was not done on P00431004, where “ Angazija ” was rather written in black ink on a separate, folded paper capsule. The specimen with barcode P00431003 carries the date “mai, 1850” on a separate label, but the specimen with the barcode P00431004 is undated. In the upper left corner of the printed labels “1]” (on P00431003,) and “2]” (on P00431004) were added in pencil to the two specimens, but under Turland et al. (2018: Art. 8.3) there is no indication that this is a specimen mounted as two preparations. These two specimens are therefore syntypes. The specimen with barcode P00431004 is more complete—it has vegetative and reproductive material attached to it—and is here designated as lectotype. Taxonomic status of K. floribunda :—The illegitimate name K. floribunda Tulasne (1857: 150) is most often included in the synonymy of K. adelae or, perhaps somewhat counterintuitively, sometimes treated as a synonym of a broadly conceived K. lanceolata (Forsskål 1775: CXI & 89) Persoon (1805: 446)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Tulasne, L. - R. [' Edmond']. (1857) Florae madagascariensis. Fragmenta scripsit collectave digessit. Fragmentum alterum (1). Passifloreas, Homalineas, Chailletieas, Hippocrateaceas, Celastrineas, Ilicineas, Rhamneas, Pittosporeas, Hamamelideas, Crassulaceas et Saxifragaceas exhibens. [Crassulaceae. I. Bryophyllum. II. Calanchoe (sic, Kalanchoe) on pp. 147 - 150.] Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique ser. 4, 8: 44 - 163. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 129817 # page / 151 / mode / 1 up]","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Forsskal, P. (1775) Flora AEgyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, Quas per AEgyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit […]. Ex officina M ˆ lleri, aulae Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniae, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6625","Persoon, C. H. (1805 [1 April - 15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J. G. Cottam, Tubingae [London], 546 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638"]}

The nomenclature of K. tubiflora was discussed by Figueiredo & Smith (2017: 771). Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) Hamet (1912: 44) (Fig. 2). Type:—[MOZAMBIQUE or, possibly, MADAGASCAR]. s.l. s.d., s.c. / leg. ign. s.n. (holotype S S-G-10717, https://herbarium.nrm.se/specimens/S-G-10717/image/). Basionym:— Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harvey (1862: 380). Note on the holotype:—In the protologue of the basionym of this species, Harvey (1862: 380) cited a single collection made by John Forbes in Delagoa Bay, a region today regarded as the area around Maputo in southern Mozambique. Harvey (1862) added that the collection was kept at the Sonder Herbarium. This refers to the same collection that was earlier cited by Ecklon & Zeyher (1837) as being a single and mutilated example (“exemplum unicum et mutilum”) of K. delagoensis Ecklon & Zeyher (1837: 305) collected and presented by “Cel Commodore Owen”, i.e. Capt. William Fitz William Owen. Herb. S acquired the major part of the South African, i.e., Flora capensis, herbarium of Sonder. The specimen cited by Ecklon & Zeyher (1837: 305) and by Harvey (1862: 380) is kept at Herb. S (S-G-10717), it consists of two flowers and a stem fragment and it has no label information. The plant could have originated from Madagascar where Owen’s expedition called, and could have been collected by Owen or Forbes (see Figueiredo & Smith 2022). Taxonomic status of K. tubiflora :— Kalanchoe tubiflora is an accepted species., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2023, Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René ' Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora, pp. 275-284 in Phytotaxa 584 (4) on pages 280-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7663478, {"references":["Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2017) (56) Request for a binding decision on the descriptive statement associated with Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 771. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 663.37","Hamet, R. (1912) Observations sur le Kalanchoe tubiflora nom. nov. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 29: 41 - 44. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 4986270 # page / 523 / mode / 1 up]","Harvey, W. H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D. C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: Harvey, W. H. & Sonder, O. W. (Eds.) Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal] 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378 - 380. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 15233 # page / 386 / mode / 1 up]","Ecklon, C. F. & Zeyher, C. (1837) Enumeratio plantarum Africae australis extratropicae. Publication info: Sumtibus auctorum. Prostat apud Perthes & Besser, Hamburgi, 400 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48","Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2022) Notes on the itinerary, fleet, and collectors of botanical specimens during the 1822 - 1826 expedition of William Fitz William Owen to South and East Africa, and beyond. Phytotaxa 568 (2): 170 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 568.2.3"]}

Smith, Gideon F. (2023): Kalanchoe ×sampsonii [K. ×hankeyi × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a horticulturally successful nothospecies from South Africa with enhanced vegetative and reproductive characters. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 293-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.6

3.1 Kalanchoe eriophylla Kalanchoe eriophylla Hils. & Bojer ex Tulasne (1857: 149). Type:—[MADAGASCAR.] Hab. in monte Antoungoun provinc. Emerinae., s.d., M. [W.] Bojer s.n. (holotype P P00374105, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/ p00374105). Heterotypic synonym:— Cotyledon pannosa Baker (1881:269). Type:— MADAGASCAR. Ankaratra Mountains, 1879, L. Kitching s.n. (holotype K K000232849, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000232849, not seen). Taxonomic status of K. eriophylla :— Kalanchoe eriophylla is an accepted species. Notes on the holotype of the name K. eriophylla :—As part of the protologue of the name K. eriophylla, Tulasne (1857: 149) cites a single gathering, “ Provenit, BOJERIO docente, in monte Antoungoun provinciae Emirnensis (Herb. mus. par.)”. Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) state that the “ Type ” of the name K. eriophylla is “ Bojer s. no, Mt Antogona, Imerina. Holo-P.” Since there is a single specimen at Herb. P, MNHN-P-P00374105, we concur that this specimen is the holotype of the name K. eriophylla, under Turland et al. (2018: Art. 9.1). At Herb. BM a specimen annotated “ Madagascar. Hilsenberg and Bojer ” with the handwritten label “ Calanchoe eriophylla nob. Hab. in monte Antoongoon prov. Emerinae ” is likely part of the same gathering and is a better quality specimen than the one deposited at Herb. P, but in the absence of a collecting number or date it cannot be considered a duplicate of the holotype (isotype). Notes on the type of the name Cotyledon pannosa :— Baker (1881: 269) seemingly did not cite any specimens in the protologue of the name C. pannosa. However, he clearly indicated (Baker 1881: 264) that the collector was Langley Kitching (1835–1910) and that the collection was made in Madagascar in 1879. Kitching was in Madagascar from June to November 1879 (Dorr 1997: 240–241). In the protologue, the locality of the collection is given as “Ankaratra mountains”. Under the name C. pannosa, Herb. K holds the specimen L. Kitching s.n. [http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K000232879], of which an image is not accessible online. Hamet (1908: 30 [46]) referred to the specimen, “ L. Kitching [s.n.]”, as “échantillon authentique” for the name C. pannosa, these two words are not equivalent to “type”; they only refer to a representative specimen and, in this case, also the only material cited by Baker (1881). Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 168) apparently overlooked Baker’s (and Hamet’s) reference to Kitching as the collector of the material cited in the protologue and erroneously state that, for the name C. pannosa, the “Type” is “s. nom de coll., massif de l’Ankaratra (prob. Baron 1032, iso-P)”, suggesting that a specimen of Baron 1032 might be the holotype, with an isotype extant at Herb. P. It is known that Baker was provided with large volumes of often undescribed plant material that was collected in Madagascar by Reverend Richard Baron (8 September 1847, Kendal, Westmorland, United Kingdom — 12 October 1907, Morecambe, Lancashire, United Kingdom) (see for example Smith & Figueiredo 2021: 195). Over a period of several years in the 1880s, Baker described many new genera and species represented by Baron’s specimens (Smith & Figueiredo 2021, 2022b, 2023). Nevertheless, in this case there is no doubt that the original material of C. pannosa was collected by Kitching, and not by Baron, as is clearly stated by Baker (1881: 264).

Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2023): Names validly published in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Louis-René 'Edmond' Tulasne in 1857, with reference to names proposed in sched. by Hilsenberg and Bojer for two Malagasy species, and with notes on the type of the name K. tubiflora. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 275-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.4

Smith, Gideon F., Figueiredo, Estrela (2022): Kalanchoe ×sogae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from Kalanchoe lateritia × K. sexangularis, with notes on the inheritance of hairiness and resistance against phytophagous insects in Kalanchoe hybrids. Phytotaxa 572 (1): 97-106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.7

Kalanchoe × sogae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–F) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (– CA), ex hort., 28 June 2022, G . F. Smith 1185 (holotype PRU). Parentage:— Kalanchoe lateritia Engler (1894: 19) × Kalanchoe sexangularis Brown (1913: 120). Diagnosis:—Like one of its parents, K. sexangularis, K. × sogae has strongly red-infused leaves, so differing from the other parent, K. lateritia, which has light green to yellowish or brownish green leaves. Kalanchoe sexangularis is completely glabrous, while K. lateritia has a pubescent vestiture; K. × sogae is puberulous and intermediate between its two parents. In K. × sogae the sepals are prominent and ± as long as those of K. lateritia, while the sepals of K. sexangularis are very small. The corolla tube of K. lateritia is light green and orangey yellow-infused, that of K. sexangularis is uniformly yellowish green, while that of K. × sogae is light green with strongly orange-infused angular sections. The corolla lobes of K. × sogae are obovate to nearly round while those of K. lateritia are obovate to lanceolate-obovate and those of K. sexangularis are ovate to subcircular. Description:—Perennial through sprouting from the base, but individual rosettes annual or biennial, dying after flowering, rather few-leaved, unbranched, puberulous throughout, succulent, to 0.5–1.0 m tall when in flower. Stems one to several, erect or leaning, light to intensely dark red, densely puberulous above, reddish brown, less puberulous lower down especially where leaves shed, often ± leafless at fruiting, round in cross-section throughout, leaf scars obvious, white. Leaves decussate, petiolate, light to intensely dark red, succulent, spoon-like longitudinally folded upwards, erectly-spreading to spreading to often floppy, caducous when inflorescence develops, somewhat papery when dry, densely puberulous throughout, hairs whitish or very light brownish white; petiole 10–20 mm long, slightly grooved above, puberulous, somewhat stem-clasping; blade (50–)60–90(–100) × 30–50 mm, elongated-elliptic to ovate to ovate-spathulate; base attenuate to cuneate; apex obtuse, round, not indented, rarely somewhat acute; margins variably crenate or dentate in upper ¾–⅞, entire towards petiole. Inflorescence consisting of contracted cymes forming dense corymbs, 0.30–0.75 m tall, terminal, erect, many- and apically dense-flowered, generally rounded, sometimes flat-topped, branches opposite, growing upwards at a ± 30º angle, subtended by small leaf-like bracts, small leafy shoots in axils usually absent, puberulous throughout; peduncle light green to strongly red-infused; pedicels 1–2 mm long, stout. Flowers 17–18 mm long, erect to slanted sideways, never pendent, bright orange-red in bud apically, conspicuously to densely puberulous throughout except adaxial corolla lobe surface; calyx consisting of 4 sepals, prominent, light green, strongly orange-infused throughout, slightly fleshy; sepals 7–9 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, basally fused into a short tube 1.0– 1.5 mm long, separate above, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, ± clasping the corolla, obscuring and contrasting against light green, swollen portion of corolla tube where covered by calyx, drying reddish brown; corolla (16–) 17–18 mm long, distinctly enlarged basally, slightly twisted apically after anthesis; tube (15–) 16– 17 mm long, light green especially basal swollen part, distinctly 4-angled-fluted, rounded when viewed from below, gradually narrowly cylindrical apically, angles distinctly and strongly orange-infused to yield striped appearance; lobes 5–6 × 4–5 mm, bright yellow to strongly bright orange-infused towards margins and apical ⅓, obovate to nearly round, gradually acuminate towards apex, apiculate-mucronate. Stamens 8, inserted in ± two ranks at about the middle of the corolla tube, well included; filaments 2.5–3.0 mm long, thin, flimsy, light yellow; anthers 0.5–1.0 mm long, yellowish grey, oval to oblong. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 5–6 mm long, light green; styles 1–2 mm long; stigmas very slightly capitate, whitish; scales (2.0–)2.5(–3.0) mm long, linear to linear-ribbon-like to very slightly linear to oblong to tapering to apex, yellowish green. Follicles not seen. Seeds not seen. Chromosome number: unknown. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × sogae is named for Dr Jotello Festiri Soga (born near Stutterheim, Eastern Cape province, South Africa, 1865–died Amalinda near East London, Eastern Cape province, South Africa, 6 December 1906), the first South African to have qualified as a veterinary surgeon. He studied in Scotland and thereafter worked for the then Cape Department of Agriculture (Hammel 2020: 54). He had an interest in ethnobotany and is known to have liaised with his botanical contemporaries Peter MacOwan and Andrew Smith (Gunn & Codd 1981: 327, Figueiredo & Smith 2021: 291–292). He inter alia studied krimpsiekte, also called nenta poisoning, a chronic form of heart glycoside poisoning, especially among small livestock (Soga 1891). Krimpsiekte is caused by a range of representatives of the Crassulaceae, including by kalanchoes (Smith et al. 2019a: 43, 52, 108), with nentabos being one of the Afrikaans vernacular names of K. rotundifolia (Haworth 1824: 188) Haworth (1825: 31). Flowering time:— Kalanchoe ×sogae flowers mainly in the mid-winter months, June to August in the southern hemisphere. Notes:—Several biennial, multiannual, and perennial species of Kalanchoe are variously and virtually throughout pubescent or tomentose, or are squamulose (finely scale-like covered). This applies especially to the medium-sized to large shrubs and small trees with woody stems that are included in the ‘woody clade’ of K. subg. Kalanchoe that is naturally restricted to Madagascar (see for example Smith et al. 2021c, d and Smith & Figueiredo 2019, 2022a, b, 2023b). Species that have most of the external surfaces of their organs so adorned include the widely cultivated K. beharensis Drake del Castillo (1903: 41) (see Smith et al. 2021d), K. millotii Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie (1912: 374) (see Smith & Figueiredo 2019, Smith et al. 2019b, Smith 2020 f, and Smith et al. 2021e), and K. tomentosa Baker (1882: 110) (see Smith 2020g). Similarly, nothospecies of which these species are variously the parents, for example K. × edwardii Smith & Shtein (2020: 120) [K. beharensis × K. tomentosa] (see Smith 2022d); K. × gildenhuysii Smith & Figueiredo (2020: 43) [K. millotii × K. tomentosa]; and K. × hummeliae Smith (2020f: 91) [K. beharensis × K. millotii] (see Smith 2022d: 155), are variously hairy. Therefore, where two variously pubescent- or tomentose-leaved species hybridise, the offspring is invariably hairy to varying degrees. The opposite also holds true: where two glabrous Kalanchoe species are hybridised, the offspring is glabrous (see K. × gunniae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo in Smith et al. 2019c: 147). A hairy vestiture is not restricted to some Malagasy Kalanchoe species; species from Africa and other parts of the distribution range of the genus also show this trait [see for example Smith et al. 2019a: 170–176 with reference to K. lanceolata (Forsskål 1775: CXI & 89) Persoon (1805: 446), where onset of the reproductive phase yields hairy peduncles, bract-like leaves, and flowers]. Further, a hairy vestiture is not restricted to the vegetative parts of these, and some other, species of Kalanchoe; in many instances the stem-peduncle continuum, inflorescence branches, and flowers (usually excepting the adaxial corolla lobe surface) too can be variously and often very densely hairy (Weryzko-Chmielewska & Chernetskyy 2005). Horticultural material of the intensely red-infused K. sexangularis, an endemic southern and south-tropical African species, has for long been popular in outdoor cultivation in mild-climate regions of the world. This species has also been combined with reddish purple-leaved forms of K. luciae to yield horticulturally successful, strikingly red- to purplish red-leaved material that was described as K. × estrelae, as well as giving rise to orange-leaved material described as K. × leistneri Smith (2021c: 250), following combination with K. winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters in Crouch et al. (2016: 219). Kalanchoe sexangularis, as well as K. × estrelae, can act as hosts of, and are sometimes severely attacked by, the kalanchoe weevil, Sternuchopsis sedi (Marshall 1938) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Mecysolobini) (Fig. 3A–B). The weevil deposits its eggs in the stems where the hatched larvae feed on the internal tissues, usually leaving only a hollowed out and very much weakened and tube-like stem that will easily snap off. The weevil can also incite stem galls and both larvae and adults can cause substantial damage to kalanchoe populations. However, to date, likely given its puberulous vestiture, K. × sogae has not been observed as acting as a host of S. sedi. It has been long-known that variously hairy representatives of the Crassulaceae are less prone to attacks by phytophagous insects than glabrous species [see for example Smith et al. 2019a: 80 on the hairy form of Cotyledon barbeyi Schweinf. ex Baker (1893: 624)]. Kalanchoe × sogae responds well to cultivation and once material propagated through stem cuttings is rooted very little aftercare is required. With red, yellow, and orange, the predominant leaf and flower colours of K. × sogae, which are so-called related colours on the landscaping colour wheel (Calhoun 2009: 118), this nothospecies, material of which has thus far entered the horticultural trade in limited volumes, is an excellent addition to material suitable for waterwise, even no-irrigation, gardening in mild climates (Smith 2020a –d, 2021a, Smith & Hankey 2021, Smith & Shtein 2021)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2022, Kalanchoe × sogae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from Kalanchoe lateritia × K. sexangularis, with notes on the inheritance of hairiness and resistance against phytophagous insects in Kalanchoe hybrids, pp. 97-106 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on pages 99-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7305747, {"references":["Engler, A. (1894) Uber die Gliederung der Flora Usambaras und der angrenzenden Gebiete. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Berlin. 1894: 1 - 86. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 92793 page / 55 / mode / 1 up]","Brown, N. E. (1913) 1436. Kalanchoe sexangularis. In: XVII - Diagnoses Africanae LIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1913 (3): 120 - 121. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43726 page / 125 / mode / 1 up]","Hammel, T. (2020) African farmers and medicinal plant experts. In: Drayton, R. & Dubow, S. (eds.) Shaping natural history and settler society. Mary Elizabeth Barber and the nineteenth-century Cape [corrected]. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, and imprint of Springer Nature, Cham, Zug, Switzerland, pp. 39 - 74, the whole work 360 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 22639 - 8 _ 2","Gunn, M. [D.] & Codd, L. E. [W.] (1981) Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp.","Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2021) Women in the first three centuries of formal botany in southern Africa. Blumea 66 (3): 275 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / blumea. 2021.66.03.10","Soga, J. F. (1891) Disease ' Nenta' in goats. Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope 3: 140 - 142.","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 a) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7","Haworth, A. H. (1824 [September]) XXXI. Decas novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. (\" Mr Haworth's Decade of new Succulent Plants. \"). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal [: comprehending various branches of science, the liberal and fine arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce] 64: 184 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786442408644582","Haworth, A. H. (1825 [06 July]) III. Decas quarta novarum Plantarum Succulentarum (\" Mr Haworth's Fourth Decade of new Succulent Plants. \"). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal [: comprehending various branches of science, the liberal and fine arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce] 66: 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786442508673917","Smith, G. F., Shtein, R., Klein, D. - P., Parihar, B., Almeida, A., Rodewald, S. & Kadereit, G. (2021 c) Sexual and asexual reproduction in Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): a review of known and newly recorded strategies. Haseltonia 28: 2 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.028.0101","Drake del Castillo, E. (1903) Note sur les plantes recueillies par M. Guillaume Grandidier dans le sud de Madagascar, en 1898 et 1901. (A suivre). Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 9: 35 - 46. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 42893852 page / 45 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Walker, C. C. (2021 d) Kalanchoe beharensis. Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 50 - 59, plate 2365.","Hamet, R. & Perrier de la Bathie, J. M. H. A. (1912) Contribution a l'etude des Crassulacees malgaches. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique, ser. 9, 16: 361 - 377. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 24564 page / 771 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Bernhard, S. (2019 b) Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe brevisepala (Humbert) L. Allorge and its basionym, K. millotii Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier subsp. brevisepala Humbert, and Kalanchoe dinklagei Rauh (Crassulaceae). Bradleya 37: 87 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 31","Smith, G. F. (2020 f) Kalanchoe × hummeliae Gideon F. Sm.: the hybrid between K. beharensis Drake and K. millotii Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Bradleya 38: 89 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 38.2020. a 12","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R. (2021 e) Kalanchoe millotii. Crassulaceae: Kalanchooideae. Madagascar. Flowering Plants of Africa 67: 80 - 89, plate 2368.","Baker, J. G. (1882) Contributions to the flora of central Madagascar (to be continued). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. London 20: 109 - 114. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35873 page / 125 / mode / 1 up]","Smith, G. F. (2020 g) Nomenclature of the partial infrageneric classification proposed for Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Rene C. J. E. Maire in 1976. Phytotaxa 468 (2): 231 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 468.2.8","Smith, G. F. & Shtein, R. (2020) Kalanchoe × edwardii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a nothospecies derived from K. beharensis and K. tomentosa. Phytotaxa 475 (2): 117 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 475.2.6","Smith, G. F. (2022 d) Identity of Kalanchoe ' Fang' and K. ' Rose Leaf', two cultivars derived from K. × edwardii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with notes on aspects of interspecific hybridisation in the genus. Bradleya 40: 151 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 40.2022. a 14","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2020) Kalanchoe × gildenhuysii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies derived from K. millotii and K. tomentosa. Phytotaxa 442 (1): 43 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 442.1.8","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E., Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N. R. (2019 c) Kalanchoe × gunniae Gideon F. Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. × Kalanchoe sexangularis N. E. Br. Bradleya 37: 141 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 9","Forsskal, P. (1775) Flora AEgyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, Quas per AEgyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit […]. Ex officina Molleri, aulae Typographi. Prostat apud Heineck et Faber, Hauniae, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6625","Persoon, C. H. (1805 [1 April - 15 June]) Synopsis plantarum, seu enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitorum. Pars prima. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Parisiis lutetiorum [Paris] et apud J. G. Cottam, Tubingae [London]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638","Weryzko-Chmielewska, E. & Chernetskyy, M. (2005) Structure of trichomes from the surface of leaves of some species of Kalanchoe Adans. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica 47 (2): 15 - 22.","Crouch, N. R., Smith, G. F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F. Sm., N. R. Crouch & Mich. Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. Bradleya 34: 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 34.2016. a 9","Marshall, G. A. K. (1938) XX. New Curculionidae (Col.) from southern Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 11, 1 (2): 178 - 195. [https: // www. tandfonline. com / doi / abs / 10.1080 / 00222933808526755]","Baker, J. G. (1893 [27 May]) New or noteworthy plants. Cotyledon barbeyi, Schweinf. ined. * The Gardeners' Chronicle. [A weekly illustrated journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects], 3 rd ser., XIIII (No. 335): 624 - 625. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 83804 page / 646 / mode / 1 up]","Calhoun, S. (2009) The hot garden. Landscaping design for the desert southwest. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, Arizona, 192 pp.","Smith, G. F. (2020 a) Kalanchoe × estrelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between K. luciae and K. sexangularis. Phytotaxa 441 (2): 225 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 441.2.11","Smith, G. F. & Hankey, A. (2021) Kalanchoe × forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material. Phytotaxa 528 (5): 290 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 528.5.3"]}

5. Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters in Crouch et al. (2016: 219) (Fig. 5) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo province —2430 (Pilgrim’s Rest): Wolkberg, Thabakgolo Escarpment, Sedibeng sa Lebese Mountain, west of Strasburg, (– AD), 10 September 2000, P. J . D. Winter 4430 (holotype PRE!). Treated in:— Smith et al. (2019a: 62–69) and Smith et al. (2019b: 239–243)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Crouch, N. R., Smith, G. F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F. Sm., N. R. Crouch & Mich. Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. Bradleya 34: 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 34.2016. a 9","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Crouch, N. R. (2019 a) Kalanchoe winteri. Crassulaceae. South Africa. Flowering Plants of Africa 66: 62 - 69, plate 2348. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 9","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7"]}

1. Kalanchoe thyrsiflora Harvey (1862: 380) (Fig. 1) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Likely Eastern Cape Province, Katrivier near Philipstown, Ecklon & Zeyher 1953 (lectotype S S-G-10758!; isolectotype SAM SAM0036022 -0! pro parte) designated by Tölken (1985: 69). Treated in:— Smith et al. (2019b: 233–238) and Smith & Figueiredo (2021c: 218)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Harvey, W. H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D. C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: W. H. Harvey & O. W. Sonder, Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal], Vol. 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378 - 380. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 15233 page / 386 / mode / 1 up (accessed 6 October 2022)","Tolken, H. R. (1985) Crassulaceae. 3166, 4. Kalanchoe. 3166 a, 5. Bryophyllum. In: O. A. Leistner (ed.) Flora of Southern Africa 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, pp. 61 - 74.","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2021 c) The floristics and phytogeography of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve, northern South Africa. Bradleya 39: 207 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 39.2021. a 22"]}

4.1 Kalanchoe aleurodes Stearn (1931a: 164), nom. utique rej. prop. Type:— ZIMBABWE [Southern Rhodesia]. About 27 km north of Harare [Salisbury], raised from seed collected by Mr S. G. Arden at or near the area or village Dombashawa [Domboshaw[v]a] in the province of Mashonaland East and cultivated in the Cambridge Botanic Garden [“ex Hort. Bot. Cantab.” (Stearn 1931a: 164)], Stearn s.n. (holotype CGE, not seen [see discussion below]; isotype Herb. BM barcode BM000649720!, specimen annotated as “co-type”). Notes on the type of the name K. aleurodes :—When publishing the name K. aleurodes, Stearn (1931a: 164) provided the following information only about the type: “ Typus in Herb. Univ. Cantab.”, i.e., that it is kept in the Cambridge University Herbarium (Herb. CGE). No responses have been received to enquiries about the existence, or to see an image, of this specimen at Herb. CGE, which on their website (https://www.museums.cam.ac.uk/research/ cambridge-university-herbarium) states that it is “…especially rich in ‘type’ specimens […] (numbering an estimated 50,000 individual specimens)”. The “co-type” specimen—it is, in fact, an isotype—that Stearn kept in his personal herbarium is stamped “Herb. W. T. Stearn.” with the stamp prefixed by “ex” written in ink, so indicating that the material originated from Stearn. “Co-type” is an obsolete term no longer in use in plant nomenclature that generally meant syntype, but also paratype and isotype (Hawksworth 2010: 55). Additional information about the material that was used when the description was drawn up, and presumably preserved in Herb. CGE and in Stearn’s personal collection, now at Herb. BM, is provided by Tutin (1931: 9)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Stearn, W. T. (1931 a [15 June]) Notes from the University Herbarium, Cambridge. I. A new Rhodesian Kalanchoe. The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign LXIX [69]: 164 - 165.","Hawksworth, D. L. (Comp.) (2010) Terms used in bionomenclature. The naming of organisms (and plant communities). Including terms used in botanical, cultivated plant, phylogenetic, phytosociological, prokaryote (bacteriological), virus, and zoological nomenclature. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen, 215 pp. Available from: https: // books. google. com. au / books? id = Qky 7 _ 6 - Uc QQC & pg = PA 68 & lpg = PA 68 v = onepage & q & f = false (accessed 6 October 2022)","Tutin, F. (1931 [4 July]) Kalanchoe aleurodes. Gardeners' Chronicle [: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects] 3 rd ser., XC [90]: 9."]}

7. Kalanchoe benbothae Smith & Crouch (2021: 109) (Fig. 7) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal province —2731 (Louwsburg): Vaalbank, (– CA), rocky grassland to the northeast of the town, sterile material collected in February 2017, flowered in cultivation in Durban, 2 June 2021, B . S. [Ben] Botha 1 (holotype PRU!). Treated in:—Smith & Crouch (2021: 109)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224

3. Kalanchoe montana Compton (1967: 295) (Fig. 3) Type:— ESWATINI [Swaziland]. Near Devil’s Bridge—2531 (Komatipoort): Pigg’s Peak district, Emlembe Mountains, altitude 5500’ [ca. 1676 m] above sea level, (–CC), 27 February 1967, Compton 29471 (lectotype NBG!, designated by Tölken 1978: 89; lectotype narrowed down to NBG0099565-0 in a second-step lectotypification by Smith et al. 2016: 70). Homotypic synonym:— Kalanchoe luciae subsp. montana (Compton) Tölken (1978: 89). Treated in:— Smith et al. (2016: 69) and Smith et al. (2019b: 195–200)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Compton, R. H. (1967) Plantae novae Africanae. Series XXXII. Journal of South African Botany 33: 293 - 304.","Tolken, H. R. (1978) Two new species and a new combination in the genus Kalanchoe. Journal of South African Botany 44: 89 - 91. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / journalofsouthaf 44 unse page / 90 / mode / 2 up (accessed 6 October 2022)","Smith, G. F., Crouch, N. R. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Reinstatement of Kalanchoe montana Compton (Crassulaceae), a distinctive species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, eastern southern Africa. Haseltonia 22: 64 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.022.0112","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019 b) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7"]}

Smith, Gideon F. (2022): Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa. Phytotaxa 568 (1): 72-82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.5

Kalanchoe × verdoorniae Gideon F.Sm. nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–D). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (– CA), ex hort., 04 May 2022, G . F. Smith 1182 (holotype PRU). Parentage:— K. luciae Hamet (1908: 256) × K. winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters in Crouch et al. (2016: 219). Diagnosis:—Plants of Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae are large to robust, completely white-waxy, bi- to triennial to perennial leaf succulents that are intermediate between its parents, K. lucia and K. winteri. As the waxy layer becomes thinner on older leaves, a light green leaf colour is revealed, as is found in its parents, K. luciae and K. winteri. The pseudo-rosulate, distinctly decussate leaf arrangement of K. × verdoorniae was also inherited from both parents. Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae differs from K. luciae by its leaves generally being slightly smaller and basally conspicuously auriculate, as in K. winteri. Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae further differs from its other parent, K. winteri, by its leaves being consistently obovate(paddle-shaped) rather than sometimes round. The inflorescences of K. × verdoorniae are denseflowered,as found in both parents. The corolla tubes of K. × verdoorniae, as well as those of K. luciae and K. winteri are cigar-shaped and densely white-waxy-covered. However, with the white-flowered form of K. luciae having been used as one parent when producing K. × verdoorniae, the adaxial surface of the corolla lobes of the nothospecies is light yellow, with that of K. winteri being more intensely yellow. Description:—Bi- to triennial to perennial, few- to many-leaved, unbranched, post-flowering slowly sprouting from base, completely white-waxy, large, robust succulent, 1.75–2.50 m tall when in flower. Stems light greenish white, unbranched or with few branches arising from sturdy base, erect to leaning, sterile and fertile shoots round in crosssection. Leaves opposite-decussate, light green, densely white-wax-covered at first, succulent, spreading to erectly spreading, not longitudinally recurved, coriaceous and papery-flimsy when dry; petiole absent, leaves clasping stem; blade 200–250 × 120–140 mm, lacking red infusion, obovate, flat; base cuneate, distinctly auriculate; apex roundedobtuse; margins sometimes with very faint red infusion, smooth, flat. Inflorescence an erect to leaning, dense-, manyflowered, club-shaped thyrse consisting of several dichasia terminating in monochasia, flowering portion 350–500 mm long, branches opposite, very short, subtended by leaf-like bracts, sometimes with leafy branchlets in axils, axis light greenish white, white-waxy-covered; pedicels 6–8 mm long, slender. Flowers horizontally-spreading at anthesis; calyx consisting of 4 sepals, light green, densely white-wax-covered; sepals 4.0–5.0 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, triangular-lanceolate, succulent, basally fused for ± 1 mm, acute-tipped, hardly contrasting against light green corolla tube; corolla 11–14 mm long, tapering to base and mouth, not twisted apically after anthesis; tube 10–13 mm long, light greenish yellow, white-wax-covered, cigar-shaped, indistinctly to distinctly 4-angled, round when viewed from below, longitudinally indistinctly fluted in bud; lobes 5–7 × 3.0– 3.5 mm, uniformly pale yellow, elongated-triangular, ± straight lower down, tapering towards apex, margins often distinctly in-folded, horizontally spreading at first, later strongly recurved, yellowtipped in bud, blunt-tipped. Stamens 8, inserted in two indistinct ranks, both ranks high up in corolla tube; filaments 3.5–5.0 mm long, whitish yellow, thin, tapering upwards; anthers 0.75–1.00 mm long, reddish orange in bud before anthesis, yellow at anthesis, all 8 distinctly exserted. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels, stipitate; carpels 5–6 mm long, light green; styles 3.5–4.0 mm long, light green; stigmas minutely capitate, yellowish green; scales 2.0–2.5 × 2.00– 2.25 mm, ± square, slightly tapering towards base, minutely but distinctly repand apically, light yellow in distal ⅔, light green in proximal ⅓. Fruit not recorded. Seed not recorded. Chromosome number: unknown. Flowering time:— Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae flowers mainly in the autumn and winter months, (March–)April to July in the southern hemisphere. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × verdoorniae is named for Dr h.c. Inez Clare Verdoorn (born 15 June 1896, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa –died 02 April 1989, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa) (Gunn & Codd 1981: 361, Fourie 1989) (Fig. 3). In 1919, at the age of 23, she was appointed to Herb. PRE, the National Herbarium of South Africa, and carried on working at the Herbarium until 1980, i.e., for 29 years after she retired in 1951. In 1979 she published her final plant name, so crowning a species-description career of 60 years. She started at Herb. PRE as an herbarium assistant mounting specimens but, even without formal botanical qualifications, rose to the professional officer ranks in the civil service and in 1944, until her retirement, served as Curator of the National Herbarium. She published several hundred papers, including a pioneering Afrikaans botanical text book (Verdoorn 1942). Inez was widely respected and the undisputed doyenne of South African botany during the 20 th century; in 1967 an honorary doctorate was conferred on her by the University of Natal, now the University of KwaZulu-Natal (Germishuizen 1976: 45, Figueiredo & Smith 2021: 282, 287–288, 292, 306). In 1946 she described Kalanchoe crundallii Verdoorn (1946: t. 967) from the Soutpansberg, Limpopo province, South Africa (Hahn 2002, 2017, Smith & Hahn 2019)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Kalanchoe × verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa, pp. 72-82 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on pages 76-78, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7184296, {"references":["Hamet, R. (1908) Kalanchoe luciae sp. nov .. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, ser. 2, 8: 254 - 257. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 104945 page / 290 / mode / 1 up (accessed 6 October 2022)","Crouch, N. R., Smith, G. F., Walters, M. & Figueiredo, E. (2016) Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F. Sm., N. R. Crouch & Mich. Walters (Crassulaceae), a new species from the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, South Africa. Bradleya 34: 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 34.2016. a 9","Gunn, M. & Codd, L. E. (1981) Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp.","Fourie, D. M. C. (1989) Obituary. Inez Clare Verdoorn (1896 - 1989). Bothalia 19 (2): 313 - 318. Available from: https: // archive. org / details / bothaliavolume 1919 unse / page / n 319 / mode / 2 up (accessed 6 October 2022)","Verdoorn, I. C. (1942) ' n Inleiding tot plantkunde en tot enige Transvaalse veldblomme. Van Schaik Bpk. Uitgewers, Pretoria, 146 [148] pp.","Germishuizen, G. (1976 [July]) Dr I. C. Verdoorn. Forum Botanicum 14 (7): 45.","Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2021) Women in the first three centuries of formal botany in southern Africa. Blumea 66 (3): 275 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / blumea. 2021.66.03.10","Verdoorn, I. C. (1946) Kalanchoe crundallii. Transvaal. Crassulaceae. The Flowering Plants of Africa 25: t. 967. Available from: https: // archive. org / details / floweringplantso 25 unse / page / n 39 / mode / 2 up (accessed 6 October 2022)","Hahn, N. (2002) Endemic flora of the Soutpansberg. Master of Science thesis, School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Natal [now University of KwaZulu-Natal], Pietermaritzburg, 219 [221] pp.","Hahn, N. (2017) Endemic flora of the Soutpansberg, Blouberg and Makgabeng. South African Journal of Botany 113: 324 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sajb. 2017.09.006","Smith, G. F. & Hahn, N. (2019) Kalanchoe crundallii I. Verd. (Crassulaceae), the chameleon kalanchoe, a little-known South African endemic from the Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province, with notes on its conservation status. Bradleya 37: 112 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 5"]}

6. Kalanchoe crouchii Smith & Figueiredo (2018b: 87) (Fig. 6) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga province —2430 (Pilgrim’s Rest): near the town of Pilgrim’s Rest, (– DD), 20 November 2017, Neil R. Crouch 1290 (holotype BNRH! The bulk of the Buffelskloof Nature Reserve Herbarium (BNRH) was donated to the C. E. Moss Herbarium (Herb. J) in October 2021 [see http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ ih/herbarium-details/?irn=126868]). Treated in:— Smith & Figueiredo (2018b: 87) and Smith et al. (2021c: 60–68)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2018 b) Kalanchoe crouchii Gideon F. Sm. & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new species from the dolomites of the Wolkberg Centre of Endemism, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Haseltonia 25: 84 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.025.0107"]}

Updated identification key to species included in Kalanchoe sect. Raveta, i.e., those species with large, obovate to round leaves and dense-flowered, club-shaped inflorescences 1a. Leaves basally distinctly auriculate.................................................................................................................................... K. winteri 1b. Leaves basally cuneate, sometimes slightly flared........................................................................................................................... 2 2b. Plants tomentose, rarely glabrous................................................................................................................................... K. montana 2a. Plants glabrous................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 3a. Corolla lobes bright yellow.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3b. Corolla lobes white, pale yellowish green, or pale pink to reddish................................................................................................. 5 4a. Corolla tubes narrowly-urceolate, 9–10 mm long; 8 anthers exserted at anthesis.......................................................... K. crouchii 4b. Corolla tubes cylindrical, 12–20 mm long; 4 anthers exserted at anthesis.................................................................. K. thyrsiflora 5a. Corolla lobes pale pink to reddish................................................................................................................................ K. benbothae 5b. Corolla lobes white or pale yellowish green.................................................................................................................................... 6 6a. Nectar scales cuneiform-quadrangular, 3-lobate above...................................................................................................... K. luciae 6b. Nectar scales rectangular, distinctly wider than long, entire above...................................................................................... K. wildi, Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224

Smith, Gideon F. (2022): Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species. Phytotaxa 568 (1): 8-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2

4. Kalanchoe wildii Raym. -Hamet ex Fernandes (1978: 204) (Fig. 4) Type:— ZIMBABWE [Southern Rhodesia]. Loc. [-ation]: [Great] Zimbabwe, Distr. [-ict]. Victoria [Masvingo], S. Rhodesia, 5 June 1950, H . [Harry] Hall 16 (holotype † SAM [now incorporated into NBG]). ZIMBABWE. District Victoria [Masvingo], Kyle National Park Game Reserve [Lake Mutirikwi Recreational Park], Chembira Hill, in pockets in the granite, 22 May 1971, R . K. Grosvenor 526 (lectotype SRGH! accession number “CAS-SRGH-103384”), designated by Smith & Figueiredo (2022a: 161). Treated in:— Fernandes (1978: 204) and Fernandes (1983: 59)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species, pp. 8-26 in Phytotaxa 568 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.568.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7184224, {"references":["Fernandes, R. B. (1978) Crassulaceae africanae novae vel minus cognitae. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana (ser. 2. a) 52: 165 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01463377809369280","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2022 a) Lectotypification of the name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 538 (2): 157 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 538.2.8","Fernandes, R. [B.] (1983) 67. Crassulaceae. In: E. Launert (ed.) Flora zambesiaca 7 (1). Managing Committee on behalf of the contributors to Flora zambesiaca, London, pp. 3 - 71."]}

Crouch, Neil R., Figueiredo, Estrela (2022): Kalanchoe gideonsmithii (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a further new species endemic to the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism in KwaZulu-Natal, eastern South Africa. Phytotaxa 566 (2): 233-241, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.566.2.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.566.2.8

Kalanchoe gideonsmithii N.R.Crouch & Figueiredo, sp. nov. (Fig. 1A–D) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal province.—2930 (Pietermaritzburg): Bishopstowe (– DA); Collected on 3 March 2010 by Neil R. Crouch; Flowered in cultivation in Pretoria on 26 June 2021, G . F. Smith 1153 (holotype PRU). Diagnosis:—The overall colour of the leaves and stems of K. gideonsmithii is pale bluish purple or in shady positions somewhat pale light green with a blue sheen, while K. decumbens plants are more uniformly light green and K. rotundifolia mid- to light green to glaucous. The leaves of K. gideonsmithii are narrowly oblong-terete to somewhat clavate rather than round or oblanceolate to obovate as in K. rotundifolia. At the level of the ovary the corolla tubes of K. gideonsmithii are dark orange-red and purplish blueinfused, rather than somewhat green-infused, as in the case of K. rotundifolia and, to a lesser extent, K. decumbens. Description:—Perennial, few- to many-leaved, sparsely to densely branched from base, glabrous, low-growing small to medium-sized succulent, with creeping stems 0.2–1.0 m long when in flower. Stems one to few arising from rootstock, usually simple or sometimes producing obovate-leaved branchlets near base, main stems very rarely branched higher up, erect or leaning to creeping, rooting along the way, thin, green to strongly bluish purple-infused. Leaves 50–75(–80) × (4–)5.0– 7.5 mm, opposite-decussate, sessile, erect, uniformly densely carried throughout, pale bluish green to pale light green, with slight to distinct bloom, finely purple-dotted in distal ¼ and towards base; petiole absent; blade succulent, spathulate when young, narrowly oblong-terete to somewhat clavate at maturity, often involute when desiccated, then appearing grooved above, sometimes recurved or incurved in distal ⅓ to ½; apex rounded to obtuse, slightly apiculate; base gradually tapering to narrow slightly thickened insertion on stem; margins entire. Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, 10–30(–40) cm tall, with leaf-like bracts at nodes, floriferous only at top, erect or leaning, apically sparsely branched, few- to many-flowered, rather round in outline when viewed from above, branches opposite, subtended by small, persistent leaf-like bracts, leafy branchlets sometimes developing in axils, axis light green to strongly bluish purple-infused with slight waxy bloom; pedicels slender, 7–9(–11) mm long. Flowers 11–14 mm long, erect; calyx dull bluish green, distally red, covered with slight bloom; sepals 4, 0.75–1.00 × 0.75– 1.00 mm, ± separate, basally very slightly fused, deltoid-triangular, acute, somewhat contrasting against basal part of corolla; corolla 10–13 mm long, prominently enlarged basally around carpels, distinctly and tightly anti-clockwisetwisted apically after anthesis; corolla tube 9–12 mm long, terete to 4-angled, narrowly urceolate, strongly globose basally to somewhat cubic when viewed from below, narrowing above carpels, distally consistently bright orange-red with bluish purple infusion, bright orange-red to distinctly bluish purple-infused around ovaries, yellowish green basally at level of sepals; lobes 4–5 × 1.5–2.0 mm, at 30°–45° angle to rarely patent, narrowly elliptic, distinctly acute apically, showing diurnal movement, bright orange-red, sometimes slightly yellowish-infused in centre. Stamens inserted in two ranks just above and just below middle of corolla tube, included; filaments 1.0– 1.5 mm long, thin, yellow; anthers 0.25–0.30 mm long, yellow. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 4–5 mm long, mid-green, distinctly purple-infused; styles ca. 1 mm long; stigmas very slightly capitate, yellowish green; scales 2.0– 2.5 mm long, linear, light yellow. Follicles 5–6 mm long, grass spikelet-like, dull mid-green, enveloped in dry, purple to purplish white remains of corolla, eventually brittle. Seed 0.75–1.00 mm long, somewhat banana-shaped to ellipsoid, striated, brown. Chromosome number: unknown. Distribution and habitat:—The type locality of Kalanchoe gideonsmithii is at Bishopstowe in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province (Fig. 1E). Plants grow exposed to full sun in the thin soils that accumulate in pockets overlying granitic rock sheets, where it co-occurs with the succulents Aloe candelabrum Berger (1906: 246) (Asphodelaceae), Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae), and Kleinia fulgens Hooker (1866: t. 5590) (Asteraceae). Several hundred plants are known from the (formally unprotected) type locality, which occurs at an elevation of ca. 540 m, in KwaZuluNatal Hinterland Thornveld (SVs 3) (Rutherford et al. 2006). At the second known locality to the south of Cato Ridge, plants occur on sandstone-derived soils at an elevation of ca. 565 m. The entire known natural geographical distribution range (Fig. 3) of K. gideonsmithii falls within the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism, to which it accordingly is endemic (Van Wyk & Smith 2001: 82–85). Flowering time:— Kalanchoe gideonsmithii flowers mainly in the winter months, May to August in the southern hemisphere, although in cultivation there as early as March. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe gideonsmithii is named for Prof. Dr Gideon François Smith (Kariega, Eastern Cape province, South Africa, 20 October 1959 –) (Fig. 1F). Gideon has held several tenured and temporary senior management positions at the South African National Biodiversity Institute, and simultaneously the John Acocks Professorial Chair at the University of Pretoria. He has a research interest in Old and New World succulents and is at present attached to the Nelson Mandela University in Gqeberha [Port Elizabeth], South Africa. Gideon recently co-authored a book on southern African kalanchoes (Smith et al. 2019) and has published well over 100 papers on the genus. We here combine Gideon’s first and surname in the specific epithet to prevent confusion with ‘ Kalanchoe smithii ’ Raym. -Hamet in sched., a designation not validly published (see https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ p/item/p03380700?lang=en_ US). Although Jacobsen (1986: 629) referenced this designation, as far as could be determined Raymond-Hamet never described such a species (Smith 2020b; see Turland et al. 2018: Rec. 23A.3.(i)). Discussion:— Kalanchoe rotundifolia occurs sympatrically with both K.decumbens and K.gideonsmithii. However, although these species, like most kalanchoes, generally flower simultaneously during the winter months, hybrids or intermediate forms that show introgression have yet to be observed between K. rotundifolia and K. decumbens, and K. rotundifolia and K. gideonsmithii. With 19 of the 22 hitherto known kalanchoes from southern Africa occurring to the east of the Drakensberg massif, that region is evidently a regional centre of diversity for the genus. Additionally, about 50% of these eastern southern African kalanchoes are endemic to the Flora of Southern Africa region (Namibia, Botswana, Eswatini [formerly Swaziland], Lesotho, South Africa) (Smith & Figueiredo 2021)., Published as part of Crouch, Neil R. & Figueiredo, Estrela, 2022, Kalanchoe gideonsmithii (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a further new species endemic to the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism in KwaZulu-Natal, eastern South Africa, pp. 233-241 in Phytotaxa 566 (2) on pages 234-239, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.566.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7119246, {"references":["Berger, A. (1906) III. Neue Aloineen und andere Sukkulenten. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin- Dahlem 4 (38): 246 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994237","Hooker, J. D. (1866) Kleinia fulgens. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, comprising the plants of the Royal Gardens of Kew and of other botanical establishments in Great Britain; with suitable descriptions XXII (3 rd Ser.): tab. 5590. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 439641 page / 219 / mode / 1 up]","Rutherford, M. C., Mucina, L., Lotter, M. C., Bredenkamp, G. J., Smit, J. H. L., Scott-Shaw, C. R., Hoare, D. B., Goodman, P. S., Bezuidenhout, H., Scott, L., Ellis, F., Powrie, L. W., Siebert, F., Mostert, T. H., Henning, B. J., Venter, C. E., Camp, K. G. T., Siebert, S. J., Matthews, W. S., Burrows, J. E., Dobson, L., Van Rooyen, N., Schmidt, E., Winter, P. J. D., Du Preez, P. J., Ward, R. A., Williamson, S. & Hurter, P. J. H. (2006) Savanna Biome. In: Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M. C. (eds.) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 439 - 567.","Van Wyk, A. E. & Smith, G. F. (2001) Regions of floristic endemism in southern Africa. A review with emphasis on succulents. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, Pretoria, 199 pp.","Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E. & Van Wyk, A. E. (2019) Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in southern Africa. Classification, biology, and cultivation. Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, London, San Diego, Cambridge (USA), and Oxford, 328 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814007 - 9.00003 - 7","Jacobsen, H. (1986) A handbook of succulent plants. Descriptions, synonyms and cultural details for succulents other than Cactaceae. Vol. II. Ficus to Zygophyllum. Blandford Press, Poole, Dorset, pp. 465 - 864.","Smith, G. F. (2020 b) The kalanchoes (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond-Hamet (1890 - 1972). Bradleya 38: 120 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 38.2020. a 15","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Kalanchoe gideonsmithii N.R.Crouch & Figueiredo, sp. nov. (Fig. 1A–D) Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal province.—2930 (Pietermaritzburg): Bishopstowe (– DA); Collected on 3 March 2010 by Neil R. Crouch; Flowered in cultivation in Pretoria on 26 June 2021, G . F. Smith 1153 (holotype PRU). Diagnosis:—The overall colour of the leaves and stems of K. gideonsmithii is pale bluish purple or in shady positions somewhat pale light green with a blue sheen, while K. decumbens plants are more uniformly light green and K. rotundifolia mid- to light green to glaucous. The leaves of K. gideonsmithii are narrowly oblong-terete to somewhat clavate rather than round or oblanceolate to obovate as in K. rotundifolia. At the level of the ovary the corolla tubes of K. gideonsmithii are dark orange-red and purplish blueinfused, rather than somewhat green-infused, as in the case of K. rotundifolia and, to a lesser extent, K. decumbens. Description:—Perennial, few- to many-leaved, sparsely to densely branched from base, glabrous, low-growing small to medium-sized succulent, with creeping stems 0.2–1.0 m long when in flower. Stems one to few arising from rootstock, usually simple or sometimes producing obovate-leaved branchlets near base, main stems very rarely branched higher up, erect or leaning to creeping, rooting along the way, thin, green to strongly bluish purple-infused. Leaves 50–75(–80) × (4–)5.0– 7.5 mm, opposite-decussate, sessile, erect, uniformly densely carried throughout, pale bluish green to pale light green, with slight to distinct bloom, finely purple-dotted in distal ¼ and towards base; petiole absent; blade succulent, spathulate when young, narrowly oblong-terete to somewhat clavate at maturity, often involute when desiccated, then appearing grooved above, sometimes recurved or incurved in distal ⅓ to ½; apex rounded to obtuse, slightly apiculate; base gradually tapering to narrow slightly thickened insertion on stem; margins entire. Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, 10–30(–40) cm tall, with leaf-like bracts at nodes, floriferous only at top, erect or leaning, apically sparsely branched, few- to many-flowered, rather round in outline when viewed from above, branches opposite, subtended by small, persistent leaf-like bracts, leafy branchlets sometimes developing in axils, axis light green to strongly bluish purple-infused with slight waxy bloom; pedicels slender, 7–9(–11) mm long. Flowers 11–14 mm long, erect; calyx dull bluish green, distally red, covered with slight bloom; sepals 4, 0.75–1.00 × 0.75– 1.00 mm, ± separate, basally very slightly fused, deltoid-triangular, acute, somewhat contrasting against basal part of corolla; corolla 10–13 mm long, prominently enlarged basally around carpels, distinctly and tightly anti-clockwisetwisted apically after anthesis; corolla tube 9–12 mm long, terete to 4-angled, narrowly urceolate, strongly globose basally to somewhat cubic when viewed from below, narrowing above carpels, distally consistently bright orange-red with bluish purple infusion, bright orange-red to distinctly bluish purple-infused around ovaries, yellowish green basally at level of sepals; lobes 4–5 × 1.5–2.0 mm, at 30°–45° angle to rarely patent, narrowly elliptic, distinctly acute apically, showing diurnal movement, bright orange-red, sometimes slightly yellowish-infused in centre. Stamens inserted in two ranks just above and just below middle of corolla tube, included; filaments 1.0– 1.5 mm long, thin, yellow; anthers 0.25–0.30 mm long, yellow. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 4–5 mm long, mid-green, distinctly purple-infused; styles ca. 1 mm long; stigmas very slightly capitate, yellowish green; scales 2.0– 2.5 mm long, linear, light yellow. Follicles 5–6 mm long, grass spikelet-like, dull mid-green, enveloped in dry, purple to purplish white remains of corolla, eventually brittle. Seed 0.75–1.00 mm long, somewhat banana-shaped to ellipsoid, striated, brown. Chromosome number: unknown. Distribution and habitat:—The type locality of Kalanchoe gideonsmithii is at Bishopstowe in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province (Fig. 1E). Plants grow exposed to full sun in the thin soils that accumulate in pockets overlying granitic rock sheets, where it co-occurs with the succulents Aloe candelabrum Berger (1906: 246) (Asphodelaceae), Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae), and Kleinia fulgens Hooker (1866: t. 5590) (Asteraceae). Several hundred plants are known from the (formally unprotected) type locality, which occurs at an elevation of ca. 540 m, in KwaZuluNatal Hinterland Thornveld (SVs 3) (Rutherford et al. 2006). At the second known locality to the south of Cato Ridge, plants occur on sandstone-derived soils at an elevation of ca. 565 m. The entire known natural geographical distribution range (Fig. 3) of K. gideonsmithii falls within the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism, to which it accordingly is endemic (Van Wyk & Smith 2001: 82–85). Flowering time:— Kalanchoe gideonsmithii flowers mainly in the winter months, May to August in the southern hemisphere, although in cultivation there as early as March. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe gideonsmithii is named for Prof. Dr Gideon François Smith (Kariega, Eastern Cape province, South Africa, 20 October 1959 –) (Fig. 1F). Gideon has held several tenured and temporary senior management positions at the South African National Biodiversity Institute, and simultaneously the John Acocks Professorial Chair at the University of Pretoria. He has a research interest in Old and New World succulents and is at present attached to the Nelson Mandela University in Gqeberha [Port Elizabeth], South Africa. Gideon recently co-authored a book on southern African kalanchoes (Smith et al. 2019) and has published well over 100 papers on the genus. We here combine Gideon’s first and surname in the specific epithet to prevent confusion with ‘ Kalanchoe smithii ’ Raym. -Hamet in sched., a designation not validly published (see https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ p/item/p03380700?lang=en_ US). Although Jacobsen (1986: 629) referenced this designation, as far as could be determined Raymond-Hamet never described such a species (Smith 2020b; see Turland et al. 2018: Rec. 23A.3.(i)). Discussion:— Kalanchoe rotundifolia occurs sympatrically with both K.decumbens and K.gideonsmithii. However, although these species, like most kalanchoes, generally flower simultaneously during the winter months, hybrids or intermediate forms that show introgression have yet to be observed between K. rotundifolia and K. decumbens, and K. rotundifolia and K. gideonsmithii. With 19 of the 22 hitherto known kalanchoes from southern Africa occurring to the east of the Drakensberg massif, that region is evidently a regional centre of diversity for the genus. Additionally, about 50% of these eastern southern African kalanchoes are endemic to the Flora of Southern Africa region (Namibia, Botswana, Eswatini [formerly Swaziland], Lesotho, South Africa) (Smith & Figueiredo 2021).

Umbilicus Candolle (1801: 1). Type:— non designatus fide Farr & Zijlstra (1996 +). Heterotypic synonyms:— Umbilicus sect. Chiastophyllum Ledebour (1843: 176); Chiastophyllum (Ledeb.) Stapf (1930: 176, 316–317). Type:— Cotyledon oppositifolia Ledeb. ex Nordmann (1837: 313) (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 40.3). Name in Chiastophyllum: Chiastophyllum oppositifolium (Ledeb. ex Nordm.) Stapf (1930: 316–317); name in Umbilicus: Umbilicus oppositifolius (Ledeb. ex Nordm.) Ledebour (1843: 176)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Monro, Anna M., 2022, Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of Chiastophyllum and Umbilicus oppositifolius (≡ Cotyledon oppositifolia, ≡ Chiastophyllum oppositifolium) (Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae), pp. 239-247 in Phytotaxa 564 (2) on page 244, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7087286, {"references":["Candolle, A. P. de. (1801) Histoire naturelle. Botanique. Extrait d'un memoire sur la famille des Joubarbes. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomathique (de Paris) 3 (49): 1 - 2. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 5495103 page / 9 / mode / 1 up]","Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) (1996 +) Index nominum genericorum (plantarum). Available from: http: // botany. si. edu / ing / (Accessed 30 April 2022).","Ledebour, C. F. von. (1843) Flora rossica sive enumeratio plantarum in totius imperii rossici provinciis europaeis, asiaticis, et americanis hucusque observatarum. Voluminis II. Pars I. [Umbilicus sect. Chiastophyllum on p. 176]. Sumtibus Librariae E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgartiae [Stuttgart], 937 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6104596 page / 202 / mode / 1 up]","Stapf, O. (1930) Index Londinensis to illustrations of flowering plants, ferns and fern allies […]. Vol. II. [Chiastophyllum on pp. 176, 316, and 317.] Clarendon Press, Oxford. 548 pp.","Nordmann, A. [D.] von. (1837 [lu le [read] 30 juin 1837]) NOTES. 23. Vorlaufige Diagnosen einiger wahrend einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise im westlichen Theile der Kaukasischen Provinzen entdecken und als neu erkannten Pflanzenspecies. Bulletin Scientifique Publie par l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg [St. Petersburg & Leipzig] II (20): 311 - 314. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43693 page / 390 / mode / 1 up]","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Umbilicus oppositifolius (Ledeb. ex Nordm.) Ledebour (1843: 176). Homotypic synonyms:— Cotyledon oppositifolia Ledeb. ex Nordmann (1837: 313). Chiastophyllum oppositifolium (Ledeb. ex Nordm.) Stapf (1930: 316–317). Type:— ““ Caucasus ” (Nordmann 329 [LE])” fide Walker (2003: 366, as “ T ”, i.e., “(nomenclatural) type ”, see Eggli 2003: X). Taxonomic placement of Chiastophyllum and Umbilicus oppositifolius :—At present Chiastophyllum is usually treated as a section in Umbilicus, as U. sect. Chiastophyllum, with the genus included in the Telephium clade of Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae (Eggli et al. 1995: 179, 191, Walker 2003: 364, Thiede & Eggli 2007: 97, Messerschmid et al. 2020: 893). Umbilicus sect. Chiastophyllum is monotypic, with U. oppositifolius the only included species. Umbilicus oppositifolius has fibrous roots, while the roots of all other species of Umbilicus are tuberous or rhizomatous. The leaves of U. oppositifolius are not peltate and are more or less ovate, whereas all its congeners have more or less peltate leaves with the leaf blades varying little from an orbicular outline (Fig. 2) (Smith & Figueiredo 2011). The flowers of U. oppositifolius range from light to bright yellow and are carried in branched, arched inflorescences (Fig. 1). Selected forms of the species are available in the horticultural trade., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F. & Monro, Anna M., 2022, Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of Chiastophyllum and Umbilicus oppositifolius (≡ Cotyledon oppositifolia, ≡ Chiastophyllum oppositifolium) (Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae), pp. 239-247 in Phytotaxa 564 (2) on page 244, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7087286, {"references":["Ledebour, C. F. von. (1843) Flora rossica sive enumeratio plantarum in totius imperii rossici provinciis europaeis, asiaticis, et americanis hucusque observatarum. Voluminis II. Pars I. [Umbilicus sect. Chiastophyllum on p. 176]. Sumtibus Librariae E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgartiae [Stuttgart], 937 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6104596 page / 202 / mode / 1 up]","Nordmann, A. [D.] von. (1837 [lu le [read] 30 juin 1837]) NOTES. 23. Vorlaufige Diagnosen einiger wahrend einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise im westlichen Theile der Kaukasischen Provinzen entdecken und als neu erkannten Pflanzenspecies. Bulletin Scientifique Publie par l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg [St. Petersburg & Leipzig] II (20): 311 - 314. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43693 page / 390 / mode / 1 up]","Stapf, O. (1930) Index Londinensis to illustrations of flowering plants, ferns and fern allies […]. Vol. II. [Chiastophyllum on pp. 176, 316, and 317.] Clarendon Press, Oxford. 548 pp.","Walker, C. C. (2003) Umbilicus. In: Eggli, U. (ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 364 - 367; whole work 458 pp. and XLVIII plates.","Eggli, U. (2003) List of abbreviations and symbols. In: Eggli, U. (ed.) Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: Crassulaceae. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. IX - X; whole work 458 pp. and XLVIII plates.","Eggli, U., ' t Hart, H. & Nyffeler, R. (1995) Chapter 11. Toward a consensus classification of the Crassulaceae. In: ' t Hart, H. & Eggli, U. (eds.) Evolution and systematics of the Crassulaceae. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 171 - 192; whole work 192 pp.","Thiede, J. & Eggli, U. (2007) Crassulaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants. IX. Flowering Plants. Eudicots. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 83 - 118.","Messerschmid, T. F. E., Klein, J. T., Kadereit, G. & Kadereit, J. W. (2020) Linnaeus's folly - phylogeny, evolution and classification of Sedum (Crassulaceae) and Crassulaceae subfamily Sempervivoideae. Taxon 69 (5): 892 - 926. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 12316","Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. (2011) Umbilicus rupestris: an interesting member of the Crassulaceae in Portugal. Cactus & Succulent Journal (U. S.) 83: 232 - 235."]}

Smith, Gideon F. (2022): The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s. Phytotaxa 561 (2): 199-209, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.8

Kalanchoe × vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (1964: 124). Type:— THE NETHERLANDS. Wageningen, Rijks Landbouw Hoogeschool, Institute of Horticultural Plant-breeding, ex hort., 25 February 1961, B. K . Boom 24038, (holotype L barcode L.1860830!). Epitype (designated here):— THE NETHERLANDS. Wageningen, Institute for Plant Breeding, in greenhouse, ex hort., 11 March 1982, J . van Veldhuizen 794, (epitype WAG [Herbarium Vadense], barcode WAG 1212259!; iso-epitype WAG [Herbarium Vadense], barcode WAG 1212260!). Parentage:— K. blossfeldiana Von Poellnitz (1934: 159) ♀ × K. marmorata Baker (1892: 300) ♂, as “ K. grandiflora ”, i.e., K. grandiflora Richard (1847: 310) Notes on the holo- and epitype of the name Kalanchoe × vadensis :—When Boom & Zeilinga (1964: 124) published the name K. × vadensis, they stated that the “ Type [is] in [the] Rijksherbarium [Herb. L], Leiden”, i.e., without providing further details. A specimen was found at Herb. L with the following information reflected on the specimen label: “Herbarium B. K. Boom 24038, Plantae cultae. Kalanchoe blossfeldiana v.Poelln × K. somaliensis Hook.f. [sic, it should have been “Baker”; and, now, K. marmorata Baker var. somaliensis (Baker) Smith (2022c: 107)]. Leg.: d.d. 25.2.1961 det. B. Loc.: Wageningen, de Goor, coll. Cr. 2391 kruising hier [Wageningen, The Netherlands] gemaakt: bloemen lilarood. [English: “cross made here [Wageningen, The Netherlands]: flowers lilac red”]; (barcode L.1860830). A small label stating: “ HERB. LUGD. BAT. No 961293 577” is affixed to the top right corner of the specimen. The number 901150 has been stamped in the centre bottom of the specimen. This B. K. Boom specimen was prepared more than three years before the description of K. × vadensis was published and Boom is one of the authors of the name. The material coincides with the description in virtually all respects, as well as with the rest of the protologue, although Boom, in the case of the text on the specimen label replaced “ K. grandiflora ” with “ K. somaliensis Hook.f. ”, which, as shown above, refers to K. marmorata, now K. marmorata var. somaliensis, so corroborating the interpretation of Kroon (1994: 125) regarding the parentage of K. × vadensis, apart from K. blossfeldiana. Under Turland et al. (2018: Art 9.1) the specimen B. K. Boom 24038 is interpreted as the holotype of the name K. × vadensis. The holotype consists of an inflorescence only (Fig. 3). A more complete specimen that includes vegetative and reproductive material is here designated as epitype (Fig. 4). Additionally, this specimen was prepared from material cultivated at the Institute for Plant Breeding where the nothospecies was originally created in 1954 (Boom & Zeilinga 1964: 122). Amplified description:—Perennial, usually sparsely leaved, unbranched or sparsely branched, glabrous throughout, small to medium-sized, succulent shrublets, 0.5–1.0 m tall. Stems green to reddish brown-infused, somewhat fleshy, a few arising from low down or higher up after flowering, erect to leaning, round in cross-section. Leaves opposite-decussate, petiolate, mid- to dark green, reddish-infused especially along margins if grown in exposed positions, shiny, succulent, spreading to spreading-erect, papery on drying; petiole 20–30 mm long, slightly to distinctly channelled above, leaves not or hardly amplexicaul; blade (60–)100(–120) × (60–)100(–120) mm, round to somewhat obovate, flat or oyster shell-like cupped upwards, slightly to distinctly channelled along midrib, venation indistinct; base cuneate to ± straight; apex rounded-obtuse; margins coarsely crenate or undulate-crenate into rounded, harmless teeth virtually along entire length, sometimes reddish-infused. Inflorescence 150–300(–500) mm tall, erect to leaning, apically dense, many-flowered, ± flat-topped thyrse, branches opposite, erect, subtended by leaf-like bracts, lacking leafy branchlets in axils, axis light to dark green; pedicels 10 mm long, slender. Flowers erect, 4-merous; calyx shiny light green, infused with small red spots especially towards tips and margins; sepals 7(–10) mm long, fused for ± 0.25–0.50 mm, separate above, triangular-lanceolate, acute-tipped, clasping corolla tube above, hardly contrasting against lower portion of corolla tube; corolla 22–26 mm long, slightly enlarged lower down, not twisted apically after anthesis, tube 20–25 mm long, slightly 4-angled, light greenish yellow lower down, pinkish purple-infused high up, especially along angles, large-rounded to slightly box-shaped-square when viewed from below, tapering upwards, slightly longitudinally fluted above; lobes 8–10 × 6–8(–10) mm, uniformly bright pinkish red above, white to strongly minutely pink-spotted below, ovate, rounded-acute at apex, mucronate. Stamens 8, inserted in two ranks, one at midtube, the other well above middle of tube, all eight slightly exserted, four more so; filaments thin, yellow; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long, visible at mouth, rounded to slightly elongated. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 10(–12) mm long, bright shiny light green; styles 10(–12) mm long, red; stigmas capitate, whitish yellow, visible at mouth of corolla tube; scales size, shape, and colour not recorded. Follicles not seen. Seeds not seen. Chromosome number: 2 n = 136, i.e., an artificially-produced, (self-)fertile, amphitetraploid (Kroon 1994: 125); see the text for a discussion of the chromosome numbers of the two parents. Flowering time: August–November, peaking in September (southern hemisphere). Derivation of name:—The specific epithet, ‘ vadensis ’ means “originating from Vada (Wageningen)” (Boom & Zeilinga 1964: footnote on p. 122); Herb. WAG is also referred to as “Herbarium vadense”. Kalanchoe × vadensis was named for Wageningen, The Netherlands, by Boudewijn Karel Boom (1903–1980), a Dutch botanist, and A. E. Zeilinga (fl. 1964), presumably also a Dutch botanist. Little has been recorded about these two authors and as far as could be determined, K. × vadensis is the only species they described., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe × vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950 s, pp. 199-209 in Phytotaxa 561 (2) on pages 202-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7059527, {"references":["Boom, B. K. & Zeilinga, A. E. (1964 [September]) Kalanchoe × vadensis spec. nova. Succulenta [Netherlands] 43 (9): 122 - 124.","Bijmoer, R., Scherrenberg, M. & Creuwels, J. (2021) Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Botany. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Occurrence dataset https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / ib 5 ypt accessed via GBIF. org on 2021 - 11 - 16. [https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / 2517740184]","Von Poellnitz, [J.] K. [L. A.]. (1934) XV. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Centralblatt fur Sammlung und Veroffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen 35: 159 - 160. [https: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 6015]","Baker, J. G. (1892 [10 September]) New or noteworthy plants. Kalanchoe marmorata, Baker, n. sp. The Gardeners' Chronicle. [A weekly illustrated journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects], 3 rd ser., XII (No. 298) 300. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 83803 page / 316 / mode / 1 up]","Richard, A. (1847) Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae seu Enumeratio Plantarum hucusque in plerisque Abyssiniae provinciis detectarum et praecipue a beatis doctoribus Richard Quartin Dillon et Antonio Petit (annis 1838 - 1843) lectarum. Vol. 1. Apud Arthus Bertrand, Editorem, Parisiis, 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 334","Smith, G. F. (2022 c) The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited. Phytotaxa 538 (2): 100 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 538.2.2","Kroon, G. H. (1994) A note on the origin of Kalanchoe × vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae). Euphytica 76: 125. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00024029","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Kalanchoe × robertsonii Gideon F.Sm. nothospec. nov. (Fig. 2A–E). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Gauteng province —2528 (Pretoria): Tshwane, (– CA), ex hort., 25 April 2022, G . F. Smith 1180 (holotype PRU). Parentage:— Kalanchoe longiflora Schltr. ex Wood (1903: t. 320) × K. rotundifolia (Haworth 1824: 188) Haworth (1825: 31). Diagnosis:— Kalanchoe × robertsonii is a low-growing leaf succulent that in both vegetative and reproductive morphological characters is generally intermediate between its parents, K. longiflora and K. rotundifolia. However, leaves of K. × robertsonii are narrowly oblong to obovate rather than obovate to nearly orbicular as in K. longiflora or oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate as in K. rotundifolia. As in K. rotundifolia, the inflorescence of K. × robertsonii is a corymbose cyme, while that of K. longiflora is a thyrse. Kalanchoe × robertsonii has flowers that are gradually urnshaped above the ovary, but less so than in K. longiflora, while those of K. rotundifolia are abruptly urn-shaped above the ovary. Corolla tubes of K. × robertsonii are shiny greenish yellow, while those of K. rotundifolia are reddish orange and strongly green-infused proximally; those of K. × robertsonii are shiny light orange and lightly green-infused in the lower half. The colour of the adaxial surfaces of the corolla lobes of K. longiflora is monochromatic light yellow, that of K. rotundifolia is generally monochromatic red to dull orange, while that of K. × robertsonii is bicoloured, being dull to bright light orange distally and strongly yellow-infused proximally. Description:—Perennial, few- to many-leaved, sparsely branched from the base, glabrous, dull light green to glaucous, with light waxy bloom, small, low-growing succulent, with erect to leaning stems (0.25–)0.30–0.45(–0.50) m long when in flower. Stems few arising from fibrous rootstock, thin, erect to leaning, light glaucous green, strongly orange-infused to virtually orange throughout, simple at first, sometimes producing branchlets near the base, main stems with few branches higher up post-flowering, leafless lower down, especially at onset of dry season. Leaves (30–)45–60(–70) × (10–)14–18(–20) mm, glaucous to very light green, sometimes lightly or strongly orange-infused especially in dry season, with slight bloom, opposite-decussate, pseudo-rosulately clustered towards stem apices, very finely orange-dotted towards margins, generally sparsely arranged; petiole absent; blade succulent, narrowly oblong to obovate, flat, straight or slightly curved upwards; apex rounded, obtuse, blunt; base cuneate, gradually tapering towards stem; margin flat; entire for proximal ⅔–¾, usually with few rounded, harmless crenations towards leaf apex, often more intensely orange-infused. Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, (250–)270–300(–340) mm tall, with leaf-like bracts at nodes, floriferous only at the top, erect or leaning, apically sparsely branched, few- to many-flowered, rather round in outline when viewed from above, branches opposite, subtended by small, persistent leaf-like bracts, leafy branchlets not produced in axils, axis light glaucous green, strongly orange-infused to virtually orange throughout, with slight bloom; pedicels slender, 4–8 mm long, orange-infused. Flowers tetramerous, sometimes pentamerous, 15–16 mm long, erect; calyx light shiny green, strongly orange-infused, more intensely so distally, lacking a slight bloom; sepals 4, 2.5–3.0 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, separate, basally fused for about 1 mm, deltoid-elongated-triangular, acute, hardly contrasting against basal part of corolla, apically straight; corolla 14–15 mm long, enlarged basally around carpels, abruptly attached to pedicel, not distinctly and tightly anti-clockwise-twisted apically after anthesis; corolla tube 13–14 mm long, orange in bud, distally bright orange, greenish-infused around ovaries at anthesis, and basally at level of sepals, gradually becoming terete upwards above carpels, rounded-4-angled, gradually urceolate, somewhat box-shaped-square when viewed from below; lobes 4–5 × 3.5–4.0 mm, spreading at 90°-angle or slightly to distinctly recurved, bicoloured, dull to bright light orange distally, strongly yellow-infused proximally, ovate to very slightly elliptic; centrally shallowly furrowed, straight along margin, distinctly acute apically, minutely apiculate, not showing diurnal movement. Stamens inserted in two ranks just below and at middle of corolla tube, included but visible at mouth; filaments 2.0– 2.5 mm long, thin, yellow; anthers 0.75–1.00 mm long, dull yellow. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 5–6 mm long, light green, strongly orange-infused; styles 2 mm long, yellowish green; stigmas whitish, prominently capitate; scales 2.00– 2.25 mm long, cylindrical to ribbon-like-linear, tapering upwards, light yellow. Follicles 7–8 mm long, light green, at first enveloped in dry, orange-brown, remains of corolla tube, often shedding dry corolla tube early on, then exposing still light green follicles, remains of corolla tube later turning whitish to brownish black, eventually brittle, grass spikelet-like, splitting star-like. Seed 0.4–0.5 mm long, brown to blackish brown, faintly striated, ellipsoid to somewhat banana-shaped-curved. Chromosome number: unknown. Flowering time:— Kalanchoe ×robertsonii flowers mainly in the autumn and winter months, (March–)April to July(–August), in the southern hemisphere. However it has been observed as flowering out-of-season in late-spring and in early-summer. Eponymy:— Kalanchoe × robertsonii is named for Prof. Dr Bruce Leonard Robertson (18 April 1944 [Pretoria, South Africa]–) (Fig. 2F) who, at the age of 17 enrolled at the University of Pretoria, graduating with an M.Sc. (Agriculture) for his study of the embryology of avocado [Persea americana Miller (1768: fifth page headed PER PER, page not numbered)] in 1969. In 1972 he joined the staff of the Department of Botany at the University of Port Elizabeth (U.P.E.), now the Nelson Mandela University, as a lecturer, where he obtained a Ph.D. in 1975 for his research on the distribution, seed germination, developmental anatomy, and embryology of the South African endemic palm, Jubaeopsis caffra Beccari (1914: 173) (see Wicht 1969: 35–37, Robertson 1976a, b, Jones 1995: 234–235, and Dransfield et al. 2008: 401–404). Bruce subsequently completed a postdoctoral sabbatical at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, where he researched the ultrastructural embryology of barley [Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus (1753: 84)]. Thereafter he returned to U.P.E. where he progressed through the academic ranks to Professor of Botany in 1991. In 1998 he was appointed as Director of the Institute for Coastal Research of U.P.E. His research during this period focussed mainly on the reproduction, harvesting, and aquaculture of macroalgae, leading to him undertaking projects at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, as well as at the Marine Research Station in Tainan, Taiwan. His research programme produced a large number of research publications, and Master’s and Doctoral students. He was appointed Head of U.P.E.’s Department of Botany in 1998, and in 1999 he was appointed as the University’s first Director of Research. Professor Robertson occupied this post until his retirement in December 2004. As an emeritus Professor, he has continued to undertake contractual projects relating to research management and post-graduate student mentoring in a number of the University’s faculties. Professor Robertson served on and chaired numerous professional Boards and Councils, for example of the South African Association of Botanists, Phycological Society of South Africa, South African Council of Natural Scientists, South African Network for Oceanographic Research, and as the Senate Representative on the Council of the University of Port Elizabeth (2002–2004). The naming of K. × robertsonii for Prof. Robertson celebrates his 78 th birthday on 18 April 2022 and recognises his many and varied contributions to plant sciences in South Africa, and beyond., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Kalanchoe × robertsonii [K. longiflora × K. rotundifolia] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, small-growing nothospecies from South Africa, pp. 85-94 in Phytotaxa 561 (1) on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7052891, {"references":["Wood, J. Medley. (1903) Kalanchoe longiflora, Schlechter, MSS. Natural Order, Crassulaceae. Natal Plants, Vol. 4, part I: Plate 320 [lacking page numbers].","Haworth, A. H. (1824 [September]) XXXI. Decas novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. (\" Mr Haworth's Decade of new Succulent Plants. \"). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal 64: 184 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786442408644582","Haworth, A. H. (1825 [06 July]) III. Decas quarta novarum Plantarum Succulentarum (\" Mr Haworth's Fourth Decade of new Succulent Plants. \"). The Philosophical Magazine and Journal 66: 27 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786442508673917","Miller, P. (1768) Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery, as also for performing the practical parts of agriculture, including the management of vineyards, with the methods of making and preserving wine, according to the present practice of the most skilful vignerons in the several wine countries in Europe, together with directions for propagating and improving, from real practice and experience, all sorts of timber trees. Vol. 2, Edn 8. London, pages not numbered. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 541","Beccari, O. (1914) Contributi alla conoscenza delle Pamae. III. - Una nuova \" Cocoinea \" affricana [sic] Jubaeopsis caffra. Webbia 4: 169 - 176. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51624845 page / 179 / mode / 1 up]","Wicht, H. (1969) The indigenous palms of southern Africa. Howard Timmins, Cape Town, 62 pp.","Robertson, B. L. (1976 a) Embryology of Jubaeopsis caffra Becc.: 1. Microsporangium, microsporogensis and microgametogenesis. Journal of South African Botany 42: 97 - 108. [https: // archive. org / details / journalofsouthaf 42 unse / page / 96 / mode / 2 up]","Jones, D. L. (1995) Palms throughout the world. Reed Books Australia, Chatswood, New South Wales, 410 pp.","Dransfield, J., Uhl, N. W., Asmussen, C. B., Baker, W. J., Harley, M. M. & Lewis, C. E. (2008) Genera palmarum. The evolution and classification of palms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, 732 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad generarelatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669"]}

Smith, Gideon F. (2022): Kalanchoe ×robertsonii [K. longiflora × K. rotundifolia] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, small-growing nothospecies from South Africa. Phytotaxa 561 (1): 85-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.561.1.8

Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta Raym.-Hamet ex Smith (2022: 210). Type:— Kalanchoe thyrsiflora Harvey (1862: 380), designated by Smith (2022: 210) (Figs 1 & 2). Homotypic synonyms:— Kalanchoe [unranked] Transvaalenses Berger (1930: 407, as “§ 8”), syn. nov. (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 37.3). Kalanchoe subg. Fernandesiae Smith (2020: 5), syn. nov. Designation not validly published:—“[Kalanchoe / Cotyledon] sect. Raveta ” Raymond-Hamet (1916: 83–84)., Published as part of Smith, Gideon F., 2022, Date and place of publication and author attribution of the combination Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), pp. 131-134 in Phytotaxa 560 (1) on page 131, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/7031151, {"references":["Harvey, W. H. (1862) Order LIII. Crassulaceae, D. C. VIII. Kalanchoe, Adans. In: W. H. Harvey & O. W. Sonder, Flora capensis [being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal], Vol. 2. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd, Kent, pp. 378 - 380. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 15233 page / 386 / mode / 1 up]","Berger, A. (1930 [Mai]) Crassulaceae. Unterfam. II. Kalanchoideae [sic, Kalanchooideae]. 6. Kalanchoe Adanson. 7. Kitchingia Baker. 8. Bryophyllum Salisb. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, edn 2, 18 a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 378 - 386, 402 - 412.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. [Regnum Vegetabile 159], 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Smith, G. F. (2020) Kalanchoe Adans. subg. Fernandesiae Gideon F. Sm. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new subgenus from southern and south-tropical Africa. Haseltonia 27: 2 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 026.027.0101"]}

Smith, Gideon F. (2022): Date and place of publication and author attribution of the combination Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). Phytotaxa 560 (1): 131-134, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.12

Aloe littoralis Baker Fleshy perennial herb, in wooded savannah of coastal slopes. C.N.: xandala (kb). Uses: medicinal., Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699