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Mysmenopsis nadineae new species Figs 4, 5, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Careiro, 15.VII.2007, E.H. Wienskoski leg. (INPA). Paratype. BRAZIL: Same data, 1♀ (INPA). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Nadine Dupérré, arachnologist who made a major contribution to the taxonomy of Mysmenopsis, describing 25 species, almost half of the known diversity of the genus. Diagnosis. Males of Mysmenopsis nadineae n. sp. resemble those of M. snethlageae n. sp. (Figs 7A–D) M. huascar Baert, 1990 (Figs 18–21 in Baert, 1990) and M. palpalis (Kraus, 1955) (Figs 83–84 in Kraus, 1955) by the very bulky palpal tibia, at least one and a half times wider than the tegulum, but differ by the presence of nine cusps on the retroapical margin of the tibia and by the embolus as long as broad, subquadrate in ventral view (Fig. 5C). While M. snethlageae n. sp. lack cusps and has embolus with slender and curved apex, M. huascar has two cusps and has embolus longer than wide and M. palpalis has six cusps and embolus slender with a slender embolic apophysis. Females resemble those of M. pachacutec Baert, 1990 (Figs 7–8 in Baert, 1990), M. fernandoi Dupérré & Tapia, 2015 (Figs 16–17 in Dupérré & Tapia, 2015), and M. tepuy Dupérré & Tapia, 2020 (Figs 142–143 in Dupérré & Tapia, 2020) by the presence of an invagination at the posterior margin of the epigynum, creating two acuminate posterior ends (Fig. 5E); they differ by the narrower and deeper epigynal invagination (Fig. 5E), which is broader in M. pachacutec and M. tepuy and shallower in M. fernandoi, and by the junction of the spermathecae with the copulation duct forming an elongated structure, about three times longer than wide, with a fold at the retrolateral end (Fig. 5G), while M. fernandoi and M. pachacutec has spherical spermatechae and M. tepuy has spermathecae directed anteriorly and laterally. Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.48; carapace length: 0.61; carapace width: 0.65; abdomen length: 0.83; abdomen width: 0.81. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped, with a central black spot (Fig. 4). Sternum dark brown. Clypeus brown, high (3x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous; PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter. Abdomen: suboval, grey covered with long setae dorsally, dorsal region with white rounded spots distributed in a circle (Figs 4A, C) followed by two transversal rows of white patches (Fig. 4C). Legs: orange, patella, tibiae and metatarsi I–IV with ventral darker bands apically, femora III–IV with a median ventral darker band. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur; metatarsus I with one subapical prolateral curved clasping spur, row of six macrosetae prolaterally (Fig. 5D). Total length leg I: 2.42 (0.63/0.20/0.67/0.44/0.48); leg II: 2.26 (0.66/0.17/0.50/0.50/0.43); leg III: 1.86 (0.59/0.13/0.38/0.38/0.38); leg IV: 2.03 (0.51/0.18/0.51/0.46/0.37). Genitalia (Figs 5A–C): tibia very bulky, about one and a half times wider than the tegulum, with nine retroapical cusps, ventral pedicel; cymbium with truncated apical region and with large sclerotized basal plate with and small basal projection, paracymbium cylindrical; embolus as long as wide, subquadrate in ventral view. Female paratype (INPA): Total length: 1.74; carapace length: 0.77; carapace width: 0.68; abdomen length: 1.10; abdomen width: 1.00. Cephalothorax (Fig. 4B), sternum, chelicerae, clypeus, eyes, abdomen (Figs 4B, D) and legs: shape and coloration as in male. Total length leg I: 2.69 (0.78/0.24/0.68/0.51/0.48); leg II: 2.48 (0.70/0.2 3/0.58/0.49/0.48); leg III: 2.12 (0.60/0.22/0.44/0.42/0.44); leg IV: 1.82 (0.58/0.20/0.39/0.30/0.35). Genitalia (Figs 5E–G): epigynum protuding, ventral plate sclerotized, posterior margin with median invagination; posterior plate sclerotized; internal genitalia with copulation ducts anteriorly positioned with poorly defined proximal region; spermathecae elliptical, wider than long. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. No data available.

Mysmenopsis lopardoae new species Figs 6B, D, 7E–H, 12B Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Careiro, 04.VII.2007, E.H. Wienskoski leg., collected at night (INPA). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Lara Lopardo, arachnologist who made an important contribution to Mysmenidae systematics. Diagnosis. Males of M. lopardoae n. sp. (Figs E–G) are similar to those of M. otonga Dupérré & Tapia, 2015 (Figs 9–10 in Dupérré & Tapia, 2015) by the presence of a retrolateral projection of the cymbium, apical to the tegulum and additional to the paracymbium, but differs by the absence of cymbial cusps, tegulum with small apical process and absence of a robust embolar apophysis (M. otonga has 17 tibial cusps, bulky tegulum without apical process, presenting a robust embolic apophysis). Description. Male holotype. Total length: 1.31; carapace length: 0.61; carapace width: 0.59; abdomen length: 0.70; abdomen width: 0.68. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped, with a median black longitudinal spot (Fig. 6B). Sternum dark brown suffused with black, covered with long setae. Clypeus brown, high (4x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous, PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter. Abdomen: suboval, grey with white patches in a circular pattern anteriorly (Figs 6B, D) followed by a semicircular row of white rounded and two longitudinal rows of white rounded white patches in posterior view (Fig. 6D). Legs: yellow, patella, tibiae and metatarsi I–IV with ventral black bands apically, femora II–IV with a median ventral black band. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur and row of seven macrosetae prolaterally; metatarsus I with one apical prolateral curved clasping spur (Fig. 7H). Total length leg I: 2.28 (0.58/0.29/0.63/0.43/0.35); leg II: 1.93 (0. 64/0.20/0.42/0.34/0.33); leg III: 1.69 (0.47/0.16/0.38/0.33/0.35); leg IV: 1.93 (0.59/0.19/0.48/0.35/0.32). Genitalia (Figs 7E–G): tibia bulky, with ventral pedicel, without cusps; cymbium with apical region and paracymbium domed, dorsal cymbial region more sclerotized and sclerotized retrolateral projection, longer than wide, with rounded apex, on the dorsal apical region of the tegulum; tegulum apically with small retrolateral projection below the embolus; embolus with broad base and narrow apex, comma-shaped in retrolateral view, flattened dorsoventrally. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. No data available.

Mysmenopsis shushufindi Dupérré & Tapia, 2020 Figs 10E, F, 12A Mysmenopsis shushufindi Dupérré & Tapia, 2020: 49, f. 144–153, 228–229, male holotype and female paratype from Sector la Guanta, Lago Agrovio via Shushufindi, Sucumbius Province, Ecuador, deposited in Museum of Invertebrates of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador— QCAZ (not examined). Diagnosis and description. See Dupérré &Tapia (2020). Distribution. Ecuador and Brazil. New records. BRAZIL: Amazonas. São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Pico da Neblina, Bebedouro Velho, 26.IX.2007, Nancy Lo-Man-Hung leg., 1♁ (INPA).

Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio, Xavier, Cláudia (2023): On the symphytognathoid spider genus Mysmenopsis Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Mysmenidae) from the Brazilian Amazonian region: description of five new species and new records. Zootaxa 5319 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5319.1.4

Mysmenopsis cienaga Müller, 1987 Figs 10A, B, 11, 12B Mysmenopsis cienaga Müller, 1987: 185, f. 1–3, male holotype from Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta near Tasajera, Colombia, deposited in Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt— SMF, No. 34912 (not examined); Baert, 1990: 13, f. 33–39. Diagnosis and description. See Müller (1987) and Baert (1990). Distribution. Colombia, Peru and Brazil. New records. BRAZIL: Pará. Bagre, Mirinzal, Igarapé Muratuba, 02°06’39.5”S 50°22’12.6”W, 16. VI.2015, R. Saturnino leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38416); Portel, Rio Camarapi, Igarapé Banã, 2°1’25.70”S 50°42’10.17”W, 22.I.2016, L. R. Fernandes leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38417); 2°3’21.30”S 50°42’21.60”W, 24.I.2016, R. Saturnino, 2♁ (MPEG. ARA 38418); 2°3’8.30”S 50°42’16.80”W, 24–27.I.2016, R. Saturnino leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38419); Comunidade Santa Rosa, 1°52’27.20”S 50°40’45.00”W, 28. V.2016, R. Saturnino leg., 2♁ (MPEG. ARA 38420); Comunidade Pacoval, 1°50’27.20”S 50°37’9.80”W 03. VI.2016, R. Saturnino et al. leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38421).

Mysmenopsis rodriguesae new species Figs 1–3, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Pará, Belém, 2° Batalhão de Operações Ribeirinhas, Mata da Marinha, 01°51’34.57”S 50°39’24.92”W, 22.IV.2019, P. Pantoja leg. (MPEG. ARA 35707). Paratypes. BRAZIL: same data as the holotype, 01°23’36.3”S 48°26’58.3”W, 03.XII.2018, J. Rodrigues leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 35706); Parque Estadual do Utinga, Trilha da Castanheira, 01°25’1.4”S 48, P. Pantoja leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 36319); Portel, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuanã, 01°51’19.3”S 51°25’57.5”W, 17.XI.2005, N.S. Abrahim leg., 1♁ 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 38413). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Juliana Rodrigues, biologist who studied spiders in forest fragments in Belém, Pará, Brazil and collected a female paratype of this species. Diagnosis. Males of M. rodriguesae n. sp. differ from all other species by the presence of two apical projections on the retroapical margin of the palpal tibia (Figs 1A, 3A); females differ from all other species by the very bulky oval spermathecae, which occupy almost entirely the posterior region of the epigynum (Figs 1F, 3G). Additionally, both males and females differ from all other species by the shape of abdomen, with two pairs of dorsolateral projections (Fig. 2). Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.09; carapace length: 0.38; carapace width: 0.44; abdomen length: 0.62; abdomen width: 0.75. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped; suffused black along pars cephalica and radiating lines (Fig. 2A). Sternum dark brown. Clypeus brown, high (3x AME diameter). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous, PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter.Abdomen: straight posterior edge and domed anterior edge in dorsal view, brown with dorsal region grey suffused with white patches, cardiac area brownish (Figs 2A, C) followed by transversal dark brown patches, with two pairs of dorsolateral conical projections (Figs 2A, C). Legs: grey with black rounded spots in all segments. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur; metatarsus I with one medial prolateral clasping spur (Fig. 3D). Total length leg I: 1.80 (0.55/0.17/0.52/0.26/0.30); leg II: 1.44 (0.40/0.17/0.41/0.23/0.23); leg III: 1.21 (0.40/0.12/0.23/0.21/0.25); leg IV: 1.21 (0.42/0.10/0.23/0.20/0.26). Genitalia (Figs 1A–C, 3A–C): tibia globular with ventral pedicel and two sclerotized retrolateral projections, longer than wide, cusps absent; cymbium with pointed apical region, subtriangular, paracymbium domed; bulky tegulum; embolus short with a wide base and narrow median and apical region, curved prolaterally. Female paratype (MPEG.ARA 35706): Total length: 1.02; carapace length: 0.44; carapace width: 0.44; abdomen length: 0.58; abdomen width: 0.70. Cephalothorax, sternum and chelicerae: as in male (Fig. 2B). Clypeus brown, low (1.5x AME). Eyes as in male. Abdomen: shape as in male, dark brown with dorsal region grey suffused with white patches, cardiac area brownish (Figs 2B, D) followed by transversal dark brown patches (Figs 2B, D). Legs: coloration as in male; femur I with no modifications. Total length leg I: 1.64 (0.50/0.18/0.43/0.27/0.26); leg II: 1.53 (0.48/0.20/0.32/0.28/0.25); leg III: 1.27 (0.40/0.12/0.23/0.21/0.25); leg IV: 1.34 (0.44/0.15/0.26/0.27/0.22). Genitalia (Figs 1D–F, 3E–G): epigynum protuding, ventral epigynal plate sclerotized posteriorly and hyaline anteriorly, domed posterior margin; posterior plate sclerotized; internal genitalia with copulation ducts positioned anteriorly, with poorly defined proximal region; spermathecae large and elliptical, almost contiguous posteriorly. Additional material examined. BRAZIL. Pará. Portel, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, FLONA Caxiuanã, 01°51’19.3”S 51°25’57.5”W, 17.XI.2005, N.S. Abrahim leg., 2♁ (MPEG. ARA 27755); same data, B.C. Araújo leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27756); same data, J.A.P. Barreiros leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27757); same data, 01° 47’32.7”S 51°25’29.2”W, 23.XI.2005, N.S. Abrahim leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27758); same data, J.A.P. Barreiros leg., 1♀ (MPEG. ARA 27759). Distribution. Known from Brazil (Pará). Natural History. The specimens were collected in rainforest areas with beating tray and also with manual collecting.

Mysmenopsis snethlageae new species Figs 6A, C, 7A–D, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Pará, Itaituba, Transgarimpeiro, 6°21’27.1”S 56°03’36.6”W, 14.XII.2009, Esmeraldo leg. (MPEG. ARA 38415). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of the German naturalist Emilia Snethlage (1868–1929), the first woman to occupy the post of director of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, which also made her the first woman to lead a scientific institution in South America. Diagnosis. Males of Mysmenopsis snethlageae n. sp. are similar to those of M. nadineae sp. nov. (Figs 5A–C), M. huascar (Figs 18–21 in Baert, 1990) and M. palpalis (Figs 83–84 in Kraus, 1955) by the very bulky tibia (Fig. 7A), at least one and a half times wider than the tegulum, but differ by the absence of cusps on the apical margin of the tibia and presence of a small retrolateral tibial projection (Fig. 7A).While M. nadineae n. sp. has nine cusps and has embolus subquadrate, M. huascar has two cusps and embolus longer than wide and M. palpalis has six cusps and embolus slender with a slender embolic apophysis. Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.41; carapace length: 0.62; carapace width: 0.57; abdomen length: 0.79; abdomen width: 0.64. Cephalothorax: carapace orange-brown, pear-shaped, suffused black along pars cephalica and radiating lines (Fig. 6A). Sternum dark brown suffused with black, covered with long setae. Clypeus brown, high (3x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous; PLE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter.Abdomen: suboval, dark brown with grey patches in a circular pattern with extremely long setae anteriorly (Figs 6A, C) followed by one large semicircular grey spot in posterior view (Figs 6A, C). Legs: orange, femora III–IV with a darker band situated medially on the ventral surface; tibiae I–IV with dark band apically. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur; metatarsus I with one curved clasping spur apically (Fig. 7D). Total length leg I: 2.30 (0.69/0.25/0.65/0.35/0.36); leg II: 1.89 (0.57/0.20/0.51/0.31/0.30); leg III: 1.64 (0.50/0.17/0.35/0.30/0.32); leg IV: 1.62 (0.55/ 0.14/0.40/0.30/0.26). Genitalia (Figs 7A–C): tibia very bulky, about one and a half times wider than the tegulum, without cusps, with a small apical retrolateral projection; cymbium pointed apically, cylindrical paracymbium, basal cymbial plate wide and sclerotized; embolus with basal region wider than long, ventrally projected, apical region tapered and curved, embolic apophysis basal to embolus, wider than long, tear-shaped in ventral view. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. No data available.

Mysmenopsis penai Platnick & Shadab, 1978 Figs 10C, D, 12B Mysmenopsis penai Platnick & Shadab, 1978: 16, f. 46–48, male holotype from Coca, Río Napo, Ecuador, deposited in Museum of Comparative Zoology— MCZ (not examined); Lopardo & Hormiga, 2015: 781, f. 60A–H, 61A–D, 62A–H, 131A, 140L; Dupérré & Tapia, 2020: 64, f. 190–199. Diagnosis and description. See Platnick & Shadab (1979) and Dupérré & Tapia (2020). Distribution. Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil. New records. BRAZIL: Amazonas. São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Pico da Neblina, Cachoeira do Tucano, 24.IX.2007, Nancy Lo-Man-Hung leg., 1♁ (INPA). Piauí. José de Freitas, Fazenda Nazareth, 04º47’58.1”S 42º37’48.8”W, 2006, L. Carvalho leg., 1♁ (MPEG. ARA 38415).

Mysmenopsis regiae new species Figs 8, 9, 12A Type material. 1♁ holotype. BRAZIL: Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo, Usina Hidrelétrica de Balbina, Galo de Briga, 01°44’19”S 59°43’11.6”W, 13.VIII.2006, R.S. Ferreira leg. (INPA 1218). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Regiane Saturnino, nicknamed “Regi”, arachnologist who collected the holotype and was of great importance in the scientific training P. Pantoja and C. Xavier. Diagnosis. Males of Mysmenopsis regiae n. sp. resemble those of M. mexcala (Fig. 46 in Gertsch, 1960), M. ixlitla (Figs 31–32 in Levi, 1956), M. cymbia (Figs 43–47 in Levi, 1956) and M. tengellacompa Platnick, 1993 (Figs 5–7 in Eberhard, Platnick & Schuh, 1993) by the long spiraled embolus (Figs 8C–D, 9A, B), but differ of M. mexcala and M. ixlitla by the flattened embolus, describing only one and a half turn over the embolic base and by the conspicuous dorsal paracymbium (Figs 8C, 9A); M. mexcala has a coiled embolus with eight full turns; M. ixlitla has coiled embolus with six full turns; both these species have a thin embolus and poorly developed paracymbium. Differ from M. cymbia and M. tengellacompa by the globose tibia with six retroapical cusps and apical embolus; M. cymbia and M. tengellacompa have tibia palpal broad but not globose, no tibial cusps and embolus basally inserted, describing a longitudinal turn around the cymbium. Description. Male holotype: Total length: 1.32; carapace length: 0.52; carapace width: 0.53; abdomen length: 0.76; abdomen width: 0.58. Cephalothorax: carapace dark brown, pear-shaped, suffesed black along pars cephalica and radiating lines (Fig. 8A). Sternum dark brown suffused with black. Clypeus dark brown, high (3x AME). Chelicerae brown. Eyes: eight, rounded, AME approximately 1.5x larger than the others, which are approximately equal size; ocular region on protuberance; AME separated by their diameter; AME–ALE touching; ALE–PLE contiguous; ALE–PME separated by their diameter; PME separated by their diameter. Abdomen: suboval, dark grey with four white patches in a circular pattern anteriorly (Figs 8A, B) followed by a large white spot with median transversal grey patches in posterior view (Fig. 8B). Legs: orange, femora I–IV yellow with an apical large dark band ventro-laterally; patellae I–IV dark brown; tibiae and metatarsi I–IV yellow with dark band apically, tarsi I–IV yellow. Leg spination: tibia I with one apical prolateral clasping spur and row of three prolateral macrosetae; metatarsus I with one apical prolateral curved clasping spur (Fig. 9D). Total length leg I: 1.78 (0.51/0.20/0.41/0.31/ 0.35); leg II: 1.68 (0.49/0.22/0.44/0.27/0.26); leg III: 1.33 (0.40/0.15/0.28/0.23/0.27); leg IV: 1.68 (0.50/0.17/0.41/0.30/0.30). Genitalia (Figs 8C–D; 9A–C): tibia very bulky, with ventral pedicel, with six retroapical cusps; cymbium with apical region domed and basal groove, paracymbium dorsal, hook-shaped, with the apex curved prolaterally, adjacent to the embolus; tegulum very reduced, only visualized in apical view; coiled flattened embolus, turning one and a half times on itself with a small basal embolic apophysis. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Natural History. Male holotype was collected in igapó forest (blackwater flooded forest).

Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. Type material. Holotype ♁ and paratype ♀ from La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, June 20, 2021, leg. A. Cubas (IBSP 324813). Paratype: one ♁ with same data as holotype (IBSP 324814). Other material examined. HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Santa Ana, La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), 1♁ (IBSP 324816); 1♁ 1♀ (IBPS 324815, SEM). Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. David Chamé-Vázquez (CIBNOR, México), for his great contributions to the study of the Mexican spider fauna and his great importance as a mentor in spider research for the first author. Diagnosis. The males of Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. resemble those of S. minor Banks, 1909 by the presence of a basal embolar fold that crosses the apical portion of the tegulum, by the long embolus that arises retrolaterally, and by an extremely long cymbium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104). They are differentiated by the absence of either ppRTA and laRTA (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104), by the arrow-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis apices in ventral view (square in retrolateral view), and by the balloon-shaped embolar base (Figs 1D, 3A, 3B, 4C). Females resemble those of S. minor by the elliptical atrium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: fig. 105) but differ by the parallel copulatory ducts, converging abruptly toward the spermathecae, and by the lateral margin of anterior atrium superposed to the atrial posterior margin (Figs 3C, 3D). Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace light brown (Fig. 1A), labium, endites and sternum lighter than carapace, head region and chelicerae reddish-brown, legs light yellow, opisthosoma cream, striated with narrow yellowish-brown bands. Total length 5.19. Carapace 2.5 long, 1.74, wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.16, PME 0.19, PLE 0.20. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth, the median largest, and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by twice their width (Fig. 4A). Leg measurements: femur I 1.71/ II 1.22/ III 1.49/ IV 2.05. Leg spination: I—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0-0-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-2. II—femur d1-1-1, p0, r0-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0, r1-1-1, v1-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-1-2. III—femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 1m. IV—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-1, r0- 0-1; tibia d0, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-1-2. Palpal tibia ca. 1/3 of cymbium length, cymbium long, curved medially and ovoid-shaped in basal third; retrolateral tibial apophysis flattened and enlarged, apex sharp or blunt (Fig. 4B); ppRTA and laRTA absent. Tegulum rounded, proximal fold of reservoir thick, Vshaped; tegular apophysis inserted ventrally on prolateral side of tegulum; embolar base visible retrolaterally as concave area on expanded palp (Fig. 1D); basal embolar fold not clearly visible (Figs 1C, 3B), connecting with small portion of tegulum but displaced obliquely; embolar process small, rounded (Figs 1B, 3A, 4D). Female (Paratype, IBSP 324813). Coloration as in male, except with darker carapace (Fig. 2A). Total length 6.52. Carapace 2.62 long, 2.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.16, PME 0.20, PLE 0.24. Chelicerae with promarginal teeth as in male and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by three times their width (Fig. 4E). Leg measurements: femur I 1.61/ II 1.57/ III 1.41/ IV 2.10. Leg spination: I—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-2, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2- 0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0, v2-2-0. II—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-0, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1. III—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-0-1, v0; tibia d0-0-1, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-0; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 0. IV—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. Epigynum with wide, narrow atrium with laterally projecting edges (Fig. 2B); atrial pocket large, oval posteriorly, median slit without lateral notches, rounded anteriorly (Figs 2D, 3D). Copulatory ducts with helicoid folds; glandular knob small, nearly triangular, projected distally; spermathecae enlarged posteriorly, curved boot-shaped; spermathecae continuous with spermathecae stalk (Figs 2 C-D, 3E-F, 4F) Variation. Three males: Total length 5.19 − 5.60, carapace 2.50 − 2.70, femur I 1.71 − 1.85. Natural history. The specimens were captured manually in wild areas and inside houses in La Bodega. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Cubas-Rodriguez, Alex M., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, A new species of Strotarchus Simon, 1888 from Honduras (Araneae, Cheiracanthiidae), pp. 582-588 in Zootaxa 5296 (4) on pages 584-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5296.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7984446, {"references":["Banks, N. (1909) Arachnida from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 61, 194 - 234.","Bonaldo, A. B., Saturnino, R., Ramirez, M. J. & Brescovit, A. D. (2012) A revision of the American spider genus Strotarchus Simon, 1888 (Araneae: Dionycha, Systariinae). Zootaxa, 3363 (1), 1 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3363.1.1"]}

Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. Type material. Holotype ♁ and paratype ♀ from La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, June 20, 2021, leg. A. Cubas (IBSP 324813). Paratype: one ♁ with same data as holotype (IBSP 324814). Other material examined. HONDURAS: Francisco Morazán: Santa Ana, La Bodega (13°56’40.7”N 87°13’23.9”W), 1♁ (IBSP 324816); 1♁ 1♀ (IBPS 324815, SEM). Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. David Chamé-Vázquez (CIBNOR, México), for his great contributions to the study of the Mexican spider fauna and his great importance as a mentor in spider research for the first author. Diagnosis. The males of Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov. resemble those of S. minor Banks, 1909 by the presence of a basal embolar fold that crosses the apical portion of the tegulum, by the long embolus that arises retrolaterally, and by an extremely long cymbium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104). They are differentiated by the absence of either ppRTA and laRTA (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: figs 103–104), by the arrow-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis apices in ventral view (square in retrolateral view), and by the balloon-shaped embolar base (Figs 1D, 3A, 3B, 4C). Females resemble those of S. minor by the elliptical atrium (see Bonaldo et al. 2012: fig. 105) but differ by the parallel copulatory ducts, converging abruptly toward the spermathecae, and by the lateral margin of anterior atrium superposed to the atrial posterior margin (Figs 3C, 3D). Description. Male (Holotype). Carapace light brown (Fig. 1A), labium, endites and sternum lighter than carapace, head region and chelicerae reddish-brown, legs light yellow, opisthosoma cream, striated with narrow yellowish-brown bands. Total length 5.19. Carapace 2.5 long, 1.74, wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.16, PME 0.19, PLE 0.20. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal teeth, the median largest, and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by twice their width (Fig. 4A). Leg measurements: femur I 1.71/ II 1.22/ III 1.49/ IV 2.05. Leg spination: I—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0-0-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-2. II—femur d1-1-1, p0, r0-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0, r1-1-1, v1-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-1-2. III—femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0-1-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 1m. IV—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-1, r0- 0-1; tibia d0, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-1-2. Palpal tibia ca. 1/3 of cymbium length, cymbium long, curved medially and ovoid-shaped in basal third; retrolateral tibial apophysis flattened and enlarged, apex sharp or blunt (Fig. 4B); ppRTA and laRTA absent. Tegulum rounded, proximal fold of reservoir thick, Vshaped; tegular apophysis inserted ventrally on prolateral side of tegulum; embolar base visible retrolaterally as concave area on expanded palp (Fig. 1D); basal embolar fold not clearly visible (Figs 1C, 3B), connecting with small portion of tegulum but displaced obliquely; embolar process small, rounded (Figs 1B, 3A, 4D). Female (Paratype, IBSP 324813). Coloration as in male, except with darker carapace (Fig. 2A). Total length 6.52. Carapace 2.62 long, 2.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.25, ALE 0.16, PME 0.20, PLE 0.24. Chelicerae with promarginal teeth as in male and 2 retromarginal teeth, separated by three times their width (Fig. 4E). Leg measurements: femur I 1.61/ II 1.57/ III 1.41/ IV 2.10. Leg spination: I—femur d1-0-1, p0-0-2, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2- 0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0, v2-2-0. II—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-0, r0; tibia d0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1. III—femur d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-0-1, v0; tibia d0-0-1, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-0; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2- 0. IV—femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus d0-2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. Epigynum with wide, narrow atrium with laterally projecting edges (Fig. 2B); atrial pocket large, oval posteriorly, median slit without lateral notches, rounded anteriorly (Figs 2D, 3D). Copulatory ducts with helicoid folds; glandular knob small, nearly triangular, projected distally; spermathecae enlarged posteriorly, curved boot-shaped; spermathecae continuous with spermathecae stalk (Figs 2 C-D, 3E-F, 4F) Variation. Three males: Total length 5.19 − 5.60, carapace 2.50 − 2.70, femur I 1.71 − 1.85. Natural history. The specimens were captured manually in wild areas and inside houses in La Bodega. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Santa Ana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras (Fig. 5).

A new species, Strotarchus chamevazquezi sp. nov., is described based on both sexes from Department Francisco Morazán, Honduras. A detailed description, diagnosis, photographs, and distribution map of the new species are given. This is the first species of this genus recorded from Honduras.

Bunyoronius Bonaldo, Ramírez & Haddad gen. nov. Type species: Bunyoronius femoralis sp. nov. Etymology. The generic name, masculine, is a contraction of the words Bunyoro and Carteronius, honoring the Bunyoro people, a pre-colonial Kingdom on the territory of modern Uganda, including the Budongo Forest, type locality of the type species. Diagnosis. Members of the genus Bunyoronius gen. nov. share with those of Carteronius the trilobulated RTA, with an apical spur inserted in the base of the ventral lobe, sperm duct with a single ventral fold, and the basally widened, curved embolus surrounding tegular margins. They can be readily recognized by large apical retrolateral femoral apophysis, ventral fold of sperm duct oriented retro-dorsally; median apophysis absent, pit vestigial; embolus inserted basally, with wide bifid tip (Figs 22A–C, 23A–C, F–I). Females can be recognized by the epigynal plate divided by two lateral, longitudinal ridges, forming a median atrium, and by the copulatory openings oriented anteriorly (Fig. 22D, E). Description. Medium-sized spiders, 6.03 7.70 mm in length. Carapace reddish-brown, surface finely granulate, with few long hairs; very broad, sub-oval, as long as wide, cephalic region weakly demarcated posteriorly, swollen antero-laterally, higher than thoracic region; thoracic region abruptly depressed, posteriorly rounded, thoracic fovea present (Fig. 20B). Clypeus low, height nearly one AME diameter. AER straight in frontal view, ALE oblique, eyes equidistant; PER slightly procurved in dorsal view, slightly wider than AER, eyes equidistant; AME largest, approximately two times ALE diameter, remaining eyes sub-equal in width, medians and PLE circular; ALE suboval. Chilum present, entire, with large median tubercle in both males and females. Chelicerae nearly as long as half the length of carapace, frontal surface granulate, slightly geniculated in both sexes, unmodified in males; basal boss evident, promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two teeth (Fig. 21A). Endites convergent, promargin slightly protruded anteriorly, retromargin slightly excavated; labium sub-squared, as long as wide, slightly longer than half endite length, proximal lateral constrictions shallow. Sternum shield-shaped, slightly longer than wide; surface covered by small hair-bearing tubercles, precoxal and intercoxal sclerites present, margins well defined, especially antero-laterally. Retrocoxal hymen present (Fig. 21B, C). Leg formula: I.II.V.III. Legs long, I–II sturdier; femur I (Fig. 21D) with one dorsal spine, tibia I (Fig. 21F) with seven pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I with two pairs of ventral spines. Tarsus I with dorsal cluster of trichobothria; tarsal organ sub-apical (Fig. 21E). Abdomen oval, dorsal and ventral scuta absent. Spinnerets not surveyed with SEM; female (under light microscopy): PMS with three cylindrical gland spigots; PLS with two cylindrical gland spigots., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 367-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035

Carteronius gentilis (Simon, 1909) comb. nov. Figs 18, 19; Map 1 Procopius gentilis Simon, 1909: 382 (♂ holotype from “ Fernando Poo: Basilé”, leg. L. Fea, MNHN 22.254 —examined). Note. The male holotype, from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, is here tentatively associated with a female from continental Africa (Cameroon). Bioko is a continental-shelf island that supports relatively low levels of endemism of angiosperms, bats, birds, reptiles, and amphibians when compared to oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Príncipe, São Tomé and Annobón) (Jones 2004). This island was separated from mainland Africa by the rise in sea level at the end of the last glacial period, approximately 10 000 years ago (Schabetsberger et al. 2004; PérezPérez & Yu 2021). Both the Bioko and Cameroon specimens share a strikingly similar dorsal abdominal pattern (Fig. 18A, F), as well as similarities in leg spination. Nevertheless, this association must be tested when additional samples come to light. From a strictly nomenclatural point of view, proposing this doubtful association is preferable to making available a possibly unnecessary specific name. Diagnosis. Males of C. gentilis comb. nov. differ from all other Carteronius species in having a bifid dorsal lobe on the RTA (Fig. 19A, B). Females resemble those of C. myene sp. nov. by the slightly curved transverse ridge (Figs 14A, 19C), but differ by the relatively small posterior sector and the extremely narrow copulatory duct in relation to the spermathecae (Fig. 19C, D). Description. Male (holotype). Measurements: Total length 8.03, CL 3.82, CW 3.57, AL 3.95, AW 2.80, SL 1.93, SW 1.81. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.32, ALE 0.21, PLE 0.24, PME 0.26, AME-AME 0.21, AME-ALE 0.24, ALE-ALE 1.66, PME-PME 0.85, PME-PLE 0.52, PLE-PLE 2.07. Length of leg segments: I 4.13+ 1.74+4.05+3.10+1.22=14.24; II 4.02+1.70+3.95+3.20+1.26=14.13; III 2.61+1.26+2.18+2.15+1.00=9.20; IV 3.36+ 1.29+2.82+3.12+1.10=11.69. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-1 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-2, IV do 0-1-2; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 1 p -1 r -2-2-2-2, III ve 0-2-2-0, IV ve 0-0-0-1 r; metatarsi: I ve 0-2-2-0, II ve 0-2-2-0, III pl 0-1-1 rl 0-1-1 ve 2-2-1, IV pl 0-1-1 rl 0-1-1 ve 2-2-0. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs dark yellow, with femora I and II reddish-brown. Abdomen dorsally with yellowish area anteriorly and five transversal follicular bands in posterior half (Fig. 18A). Palp: RTA with apical spur approximately same size as ventral lobe, medial lobe short and pointed; ventral lobe sub-squared and excavated; sperm duct with long loop, retrolateral apical tegular process present, blunt; embolus long and thin, without projections (Figs 19A, B). Female (MRAC 162.128). Measurements: Total length 7.92, CL 3.26, CW 2.78, AL 4.62, AW 3.26, SL 1.57, SW 1.60. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.18, PLE 0.19, PME 0.19, AME-AME 0.63, AME-ALE 0.20, ALE-ALE 1.35, PME-PME 0.32, PME-PLE 0.38, PLE-PLE 1.60. Length of leg segments I 3.13+1.33+3.01+2.30+1.10=10.87; II 3.05+1.30+2.90+2.29+1.09=10.63; III 2.23+1.00+1.89+1.73+0.87=7.72; IV 2.74+1.06+2.30+2.40+0.93=9.43. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two teeth, inner tooth larger. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-2, IV do 0-1-2; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2, III ve 1 p -1 r -2, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p- 1 p -0-0; metatarsi: I ve 0-2- 2-0, II ve 0-2-2-0, III pl 1-0-0-1 rl 0-0-1 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p- 1 p -1 r -1 r. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae dark reddish brown. Endites, labium and sternum orange red. Legs whitish with femora I and II reddish. Abdomen as in male (Fig. 18F). Epigynum: CDv long, straight, narrow; ST2 tappering, anteriorly located, gland ducts conspicuous, smaller than ST1; CDd large, S-shaped (Fig. 19D). Other material examined: CAMEROON: Mount Cameroun, near Buea, 04°12’N, 09°11’E, 1400 m.a.s.l., II-III.1981, Bosmans & Van Stalle leg. (montane forest with arable fields, V.H.F), 1♀ (MRAC 162.128). Distribution. Recorded from the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) and Cameroon (Map 1)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 364-367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035, {"references":["Simon, E. (1909) Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2 e partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 44, 335 - 449.","Jones, P. J. (2004) Biodiversity in the Gulf of Guinea: an overview. Biodiversity & Conservation, 3, 772 - 784. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00129657","Schabetsberger, R., Drozdowski, G., Drozdowski, I., Jersabek, C. D. & Rott, E. (2004) Limmnological aspects of two tropical crater lakes (Lago Biao and Lago Loreto) on the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). Hydrobiologia, 524, 79 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: HYDR. 0000036121.07007. e 8"]}

Carteronius myene Bonaldo & Labarque sp. nov. Figs 13A, B; 14A, B; Map 1 Type. ♀ holotype from Parc National de Moukalaba-Doudou, Département de Ndougou, Province de Ogooué Maritime (02°35’S, 10°14’E), GABON, III–IV.2003, O.S.G. Olivier & M. Burger leg. (forêt marecaguese) (MRAC 220.827). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the Myene people, which settled fishing communities along the coast of Gabon. Diagnosis. Females of Carteronius myene sp. nov. resemble those of C. gentilis comb. nov. by the slightly curved epigynal transversal ridge (Figs 14A, 19C), but can be recognized by the posterior sector relatively larger; spermathecae barely visible by transparency in anterior sector (Fig. 14A). Description. Male. unknown. Female. (MRAC 220.827). Measurements: Total length 11.29, CL 5.29, CW 4.85, AL 6.33, AW 4.59, SL 2.64, SW 2.30. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.42, ALE 0.34, PLE 0.29, PME 0.32, AME-AME 0.32, AME-ALE 0.37, ALE-ALE 2.32, PME-PME 0.39, PME-PLE 0.62, PLE-PLE 2.71. Length of leg segments: I 4.68+2.28+4.48+3.46+1.34=16.24; II 4.96+2.29+4.27+3.58+1.41=16.58; III 3.59+1.71+2.83+2. 81+1.00=11.29; IV 4.03+1.69+3.43+3.44+1.15=13.74. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, proximal tooth largest; Leg spination: femora: II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0 ve 0-1-0, IV do 1-0-0; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2, III ve 2-2, IV ve 1-0-1; metatarsi: I ve 2-2-2-2, II ve 1 p -1 p -0-1 r -2, III pl 0-0-0-1 rl 0-0-0-1 ve 2-2-1, IV pl 2-0-1-0 ve 0-1-0 -0. Coloration: Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum dark reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown, with femora I and II darker. Abdomen dark gray, with several small white spots, two pairs of small white spots in middle dorsally, and three faint chevrons posteriorly. Venter gray, with irregular white spots forming two transversal lines (Fig. 13A). Epigynum: CDv long, gently arched, ST2 tapering, anteriorly located, gland ducts present, approximately same size as ST1; CDd folded ventrally (Fig. 14B). Other material examined. None. Distribution. Only known from Gabon (Map 1).

Carteronius simoni Bonaldo & Shimano sp. nov. Fig. 17; Map. 1 Holotype. ♀ from GABON: leg. Mocquery (No further data) (MNHN-17.436). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym honoring French arachnologist Eugène Simon, who described Carteronius. Diagnosis. Females of C. simoni sp. nov. are similar to those of C. lumumba sp. nov. by the inconspicuous lateral plates of the posterior epigynal sector (Figs 16D, 17C) but can be recognized by the wider, divergent copulatory ducts (Fig. 17C). Description. Male. unknown. Female. (MNHN-17.436) Measurements: Total length 9.15, CL 4.14, CW 3.55, AL 4.99, AW 4.03, SL 1.68, SW 1.82. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.35, ALE 0.24, PLE 0.25, PME 0.30, AME-AME 0.30, AME-ALE 0.40, ALE-ALE 2.15, PME-PME 0.56, PME-PLE 0.61, PLE-PLE 2.60. Length of leg segments: I 2.80+1.47+2.58+2.10+1.09=10.04; II 2.95+1.40+2.48+2.12+0.96=9.91; III 2.35+1.09+1.77+1.76+0.78 =7.75; IV 2.80+1.14+2.43+2.27+0.87=9.51. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two subequal teeth. Leg spination: tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2, IV ve 0-0-1 p; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III ve 2-1 p -2, IV pl 0-0-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p -1 r - 1 p. Coloration: carapace, chelicerae, endites, labium and sternum reddish. All leg segments yellowish-red. Abdomen pale gray dorsally, with indistinct white spots (Fig. 17A). Epigynum: CDv long, straight, ST2 a small globe, anteriorly located, gland ducts inconspicuous, smaller than ST1; CDd large, S-shaped (Fig. 17D). Other material examined. None. Distribution. Only known from Gabon (Map 1)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on page 363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035

Carteronius arboreus Bonaldo & Haddad sp. nov. Figs 7, 8; Map 1 Types. ♂ holotype from Bas Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve (05°37’S, 13°05’E), 28.IX.2007, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, D. de Bakker & J. P. Michiels leg. (sieving along trail in primary rainforest) (MRAC 223.475). ♀ paratype, same locality and collectors, 10.XI.2006 (Fog 3, primary rainforest) (MRAC 220.925). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective meaning arboreal, in reference to the fact that most of the known specimens were collected by canopy fogging. Diagnosis. Males of Carteronius arboreus sp. nov. are similar to those of C. ashanti sp. nov. by the presence of a sub-apical embolar process (Figs 8A, 10A), but differ by the dorsal lobe of the RTA, which is broad and retrolaterally oriented, and the rounded medial lobe, which is small in relation to the dorsal lobe, and share the same base (Fig. 8B). In C. ashanti sp. nov., the dorsal lobe is spoon-shaped and the medial lobe longer and fang-shaped, with its own base. Females resemble those of C. sudanus comb. nov. in the strongly recurved epigynal transversal ridge (Figs 4C, 8C), but differ by the lateral plates of the epigynal posterior sector being strongly sclerotized (Fig. 8C). Description. Male. (MRAC 223475). Measurements: Total length 6.03, CL 3.16, CW 2.71, AL 2.95, AW 2.24, SL 1.39, SW 1.49. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.28, ALE 0.17, PLE 0.18, PME 0.16, AME-AME 0.65, AME-ALE 0.16, ALE-ALE 1.34, PME-PME 0.33, PME-PLE 0.37, PLE-PLE 1.57. Length of leg segments: I 3.08+1.17+2.67+2.29+1.22=10.43; II 3.10+1.24+3.10+2.24+1.27=10.95; III 2.07+0.93+1.61+1.65+0.96=7.22; IV 2.55+0.94+2.11+2.25+1.05=8.90. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0, IV do 0-1-0; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2, II ve 1 p -1 r -1 p -2-2-2, III ve 1 r -1 p -2, IV rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p -0-1 p; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 r -1 p -1 r -0. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs I and II: coxae and trochanters reddish-brown; femora reddish-brown, yellowish distally; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish. Legs III and IV yellowish. Abdomen dark gray dorsally, with two well defined white bands; white ventrally (Fig. 7A). Palp: RTA with apical spur short, curved and pointed, dorsal lobe with apical edges bent ventrally, ventral lobe rounded and excavated. Tegulum with short retrolateral apical tegular process, spermatic duct with long loop (Fig. 8A, B). Female. (MRAC 220925). Measurements: Total length 10.58, CL 4.10, CW 3.86, AL 6.37, AW 4.91, SL 1.97, SW 1.93. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.31, ALE 0.21, PLE 0.21, PME 0.18, AME-AME 0.25, AME-ALE 0.29, ALE-ALE 1.75, PME-PME 0.45, PME-PLE 0.49, PLE-PLE 2.13. Length of leg segments: I 3.87+1.81+3.70+2.88+1.28=13.54; II 3.70+1.73+3.66+2.99+1.31=13.39; III 2.75+1.32+2.17+2.08+0.91=9.23; IV 3.25+1.31+2.76+2.84+0.98=11.14. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0-1 p, IV do 0-1-0-1 p; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-1 r -1 p -1 r -1 p -1 r, III ve 1 p -1 r -2, IV rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1p-0-1 p; metatarsi: I ve 2-0-2-0, II ve 2-2-2, III pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-0-0-1 ve 2-2-1, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 1-0-1 ve 1 p -1 r -1 p - 0-0. Coloration: Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown, with femora I and II darker. Abdomen gray, dorsum with scattered small white spots, denser in middle, forming irregular white longitudinal band; posteriorly with large triangular white spot. Ventrally gray with two irregular lateroventral white bands (Fig. 7C). Epigynum: CDv slight folded posteriorly, ST2 globose, anteriorly located, larger than ST1, CDd almost straight (Fig. 8D). Other material examined. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Bas Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve (05°37’S, 13°05’E), 18.IX.2007, D. de Bakker & J.P. Michiels leg. (Fog 5, old secondary forest), 1♀ (MRAC); same data but 22.IX.2007, 1♀ (MRAC); same data but 30.IX.2007, 1♂ (MRAC). Distribution. Only known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Map 1).

Carteronius ashanti Bonaldo & Silva-Junior sp. nov. Figs 9 – 12; Map 1 Types. ♂ holotype from Kakum National Park, Kakum Forest (05°20’N, 01°23’W), GHANA, 17.XI.2005, R. Jocqué, D. de Bakker & L. Baert leg. (secondary forest, fogging), (MRAC 218261). ♂ paratype, same data (MRAC). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the Ashanti people, a major ethnic group of modern Ghana. Diagnosis. Males of Carteronius ashanti sp. nov. resemble those of C. arboreus sp. nov. by the presence of a sub-apical embolar process (Figs 8A, 10A), but can be recognized by the long, narrow, upwardly oriented dorsal lobe of the RTA, by the prominent retrolateral apical tegular process and by the long, pointed apical spur in relation to the dorsal lobe (Figs 10A, B, 12A, B, D, F). Description. Male. (MRAC 218.261). Measurements: Total length 7.42, CL 3.60, CW 3.29, AL 3.80, AW 2.11, SL 1.61, SW 1.56. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.16, PLE 0.19, PME 0.18, AME-AME 0.24, AME-ALE 0.21, ALE-ALE 1.54, PME-PME 0.45, PME-PLE 0.44, PLE-PLE 1.85. Length of leg segments: I 3.39+1.51+3.47+2.89+1.18=12.37; II 3.57+1.54+3.41+2.96+1.30=12.78; III 2.34+1.04+1.88+1.96+0.83=8.05; IV 2.82+1.07+2.47+2.47+0.91=9.74. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0, IV do 0-1-0; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, III ve p 1- r 1-2, IV pl 1-0-1 rl 0-1-1; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III pl 0-1-0 vl 1-0-0 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0 rl 0-1-0 ve 2-2. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown, with femora I and II darker. Abdomen gray, dorsum with scattered small white spots, denser in middle, forming large irregular white longitudinal bands. Venter gray, with irregular white spots (Fig. 9A). Palp: RTA with ventral lobe sub-rectangular, without excavations, medial lobe narrow, as long as dorsal lobe. Sperm duct with loop restricted to middle of tegulum. Embolus with small subapical embolar process (Figs 10A, B, 12A–I). Female. unknown. Other material examined. None. Distribution. Only known from Ghana (Map 1).

Carteronius ashanti Bonaldo & Silva-Junior sp. nov. Figs 9 – 12; Map 1 Types. ♂ holotype from Kakum National Park, Kakum Forest (05°20’N, 01°23’W), GHANA, 17.XI.2005, R. Jocqué, D. de Bakker & L. Baert leg. (secondary forest, fogging), (MRAC 218261). ♂ paratype, same data (MRAC). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the Ashanti people, a major ethnic group of modern Ghana. Diagnosis. Males of Carteronius ashanti sp. nov. resemble those of C. arboreus sp. nov. by the presence of a sub-apical embolar process (Figs 8A, 10A), but can be recognized by the long, narrow, upwardly oriented dorsal lobe of the RTA, by the prominent retrolateral apical tegular process and by the long, pointed apical spur in relation to the dorsal lobe (Figs 10A, B, 12A, B, D, F). Description. Male. (MRAC 218.261). Measurements: Total length 7.42, CL 3.60, CW 3.29, AL 3.80, AW 2.11, SL 1.61, SW 1.56. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.16, PLE 0.19, PME 0.18, AME-AME 0.24, AME-ALE 0.21, ALE-ALE 1.54, PME-PME 0.45, PME-PLE 0.44, PLE-PLE 1.85. Length of leg segments: I 3.39+1.51+3.47+2.89+1.18=12.37; II 3.57+1.54+3.41+2.96+1.30=12.78; III 2.34+1.04+1.88+1.96+0.83=8.05; IV 2.82+1.07+2.47+2.47+0.91=9.74. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0, IV do 0-1-0; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, III ve p 1- r 1-2, IV pl 1-0-1 rl 0-1-1; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III pl 0-1-0 vl 1-0-0 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0 rl 0-1-0 ve 2-2. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown, with femora I and II darker. Abdomen gray, dorsum with scattered small white spots, denser in middle, forming large irregular white longitudinal bands. Venter gray, with irregular white spots (Fig. 9A). Palp: RTA with ventral lobe sub-rectangular, without excavations, medial lobe narrow, as long as dorsal lobe. Sperm duct with loop restricted to middle of tegulum. Embolus with small subapical embolar process (Figs 10A, B, 12A–I). Female. unknown. Other material examined. None. Distribution. Only known from Ghana (Map 1)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 356-358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035

Carteronius simoni Bonaldo & Shimano sp. nov. Fig. 17; Map. 1 Holotype. ♀ from GABON: leg. Mocquery (No further data) (MNHN-17.436). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym honoring French arachnologist Eugène Simon, who described Carteronius. Diagnosis. Females of C. simoni sp. nov. are similar to those of C. lumumba sp. nov. by the inconspicuous lateral plates of the posterior epigynal sector (Figs 16D, 17C) but can be recognized by the wider, divergent copulatory ducts (Fig. 17C). Description. Male. unknown. Female. (MNHN-17.436) Measurements: Total length 9.15, CL 4.14, CW 3.55, AL 4.99, AW 4.03, SL 1.68, SW 1.82. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.35, ALE 0.24, PLE 0.25, PME 0.30, AME-AME 0.30, AME-ALE 0.40, ALE-ALE 2.15, PME-PME 0.56, PME-PLE 0.61, PLE-PLE 2.60. Length of leg segments: I 2.80+1.47+2.58+2.10+1.09=10.04; II 2.95+1.40+2.48+2.12+0.96=9.91; III 2.35+1.09+1.77+1.76+0.78 =7.75; IV 2.80+1.14+2.43+2.27+0.87=9.51. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two subequal teeth. Leg spination: tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2, IV ve 0-0-1 p; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III ve 2-1 p -2, IV pl 0-0-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p -1 r - 1 p. Coloration: carapace, chelicerae, endites, labium and sternum reddish. All leg segments yellowish-red. Abdomen pale gray dorsally, with indistinct white spots (Fig. 17A). Epigynum: CDv long, straight, ST2 a small globe, anteriorly located, gland ducts inconspicuous, smaller than ST1; CDd large, S-shaped (Fig. 17D). Other material examined. None. Distribution. Only known from Gabon (Map 1).

Carteronius sudanus (Karsch, 1880) comb. nov. Figs 2 – 6; Map 1 Mandane sudana Karsch, 1880: 377 (♂ holotype from Adafoah, Volta River Basin, Ghana, Ungar leg., ZMB 2143, examined). Carteronius helluo Simon, 1896: 400 (♂ holotype from Freetown, Sierra Leone, MNHN 10611, accidentally switched with the male holotype of Carteronius scriptus Simon, 1896, from Diego Soares, Madagascar, MNHN 14.625). syn. nov. Mandaneta sudana; Strand 1932: 140; Haddad & Bosselaers 2010: 7, figs 16–19; Ramírez 2014: 365, figs 20A, 69D. Medmassa laurenti Lessert, 1946: 211, fig. 10 (♂ lectotype and ♀ paralectotype from Eala, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, leg. H. J. Bredo, MRAC 12419-12420, one palp of the ♂ lectotype in Museum of Natural History, Geneva, not re-examined). Synonymized with Mandaneta sudana by Haddad & Bosselaers 2010: 7. Diagnosis. Males of C. sudanus comb. nov. resemble those of C. lumumba sp. nov. by the absence of a retrolateral apical tegular process and by the bifid embolus tip (Figs 4A, 16B), but differ by the chelicerae with a frontal anterior excavation (Fig. 2A), the wider proximal half of embolus, and by the short distal loop of the spermatic duct, which is restricted to the middle of the bulb (Fig. 4A). Females resemble those of C. arboreus sp. nov. by the strongly recurved epigynal transversal ridge (Figs 4C, 8C), but differ by the lateral plates of the posterior sector not being sclerotized (Fig. 4C). Description. Male. (MRAC MT 207.386). Measurements: Total length 9.21, CL 4.52, CW 4.00, AL 4.69, AW 2.72, SL 2.20, SW 1.94. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.19, PLE 0.18, PME 0.23, AME-AME 0.32, AME-ALE 0.36, ALE-ALE 1.62, PME-PME 0.52, PME-PLE 0.62, PLE-PLE 2.18. Length of leg segments: I 4.36+1.86+4.44+3.52+1.62=15.80; II 4.52+2.04+4.56+3.60+1.58=16.30; III 3.16+1.36+2.84+2.36+1.18=10.90; IV 3.68+1.48+3.52+3.52+1.22=13.42. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest, distal tooth smallest; retromargin with two teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-0-1-0 pl 0-0-1, II do 0- 1-0, III - IV do 0-1-0-1; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2, III ve p 1- r 1-2, IV pl 1-0-1-1 rl 0-1-1; metatarsi: I-II ve 2-2, III pl 1-1-0 lv 0-1-0 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0 lv 0-1-0 ve 2-2. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae reddish-brown. Endites and labium reddish-brown, sternum yellowish. Legs I and II: coxae and trochanters reddish-brown; femora reddish-brown, yellowish distally; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish. Legs III and IV: coxae whitish, trochanters brownish; femora whitish prolaterally and retrolaterally, brownish ventrally and distally; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brownish. Abdomen dark gray dorsally, with diamond-shaped spot in middle, followed by four white transversal lines; white ventrally (Fig 3A – C). Palp: RTA with apical spur short, pointed; dorsal lobe long, excavated, with folded edges and oriented upwards; medial lobe smaller than dorsal lobe, pointed and oriented upwards; ventral lobe sub-squared, not excavated. Sperm duct with short loop (Fig 4A, B). Female. (MRAC MT 204.306–MRAC MT 177.640). Measurements: Total length 9.65-10.18, CL 4.32-4.28, CW 3.80-4.00.0, AL 5.33-5.90, AW 3.68-4.52, SL 2.08-2.14, SW 1.76-1.96. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME-AME 0.28, AME-ALE 0.32, ALE-ALE 1.56, PME-PME 0.44, PME-PLE 0.36, PLE-PLE 2.02. Length of leg segments: I 3.88+1.86+4.00+3.04+1.4=14.18; II 3.92+1.86+4.04+3.16+1.44=14.42; III 3.00+1.42+2.52+2.24+ 1.20=10.38; IV 3.56+1.48+3.28+3.20+1.30=12.82. Chelicerae with three spaced teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, distal tooth smallest; two teeth on retromargin, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-0-1, II do 0-1-0, III - IV do 0-1-0-1; tibiae: I-II ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, III ve 1 r -1 p -2, IV ve pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1; metatarsi: I pl 1-0-0 ve 2-2, II rl 1-0-0 ve 2-2, III pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 2-2, IV plv 4 rlv 3 pl 0-1-0 rl 0-1-0 ve 1 p -2-2. Coloration: carapace and chelicera dark red; endites, labium and sternum reddish. Legs I and II: coxae and trochanter reddish brown; femora dark red; tibia, metatarsus and tarsus reddish. Legs III and IV: coxae whitish, trochanter brownish; femur whitish prolaterally and retrolaterally, brownish ventrally and distally; tibia, metatarsus and tarsus brownish. Abdomen: pale gray with several spots dorsally, present two pair of white spots and four white transversal lines well defined dorsally (Fig. 3D – F). Epigynum: CDv long, slender, ST2 anteriorly positioned in relation to the ST1, similarly sized to ST1, with conspicuous gland ducts; CDd S-shaped (Figs 4D, 5C, D). Other material examined: CÔTE D’IVOIRE: Mankono, Ranch de la Marahoué, 08°27’N, 06°52’W, 12. III.1980, leg. J. Everts, riverine forest, 1♂ (MRAC 173.984); Bettié, forêt classeé de Mabi, 06°05’N, 03°30’W, dense forest, by hand, 26.XI.1993, R. Jocqué, leg. 1♀ (MRAC 177.640; SEM preparations MJR 574–576); same locality, Eco. Grappe 3, 24. III.1997, T. Steyn leg., 1♀ (MRAC 207.387); Appouesso, FC Bossematié, Forest, pitfall, station 1B, 12.II.1995, R. Jocqué and R. Tanoh leg., 1♀ (MRAC 204.306); same locality, station 5, found in leaf litter, 21. III.1997, T. Steyn leg., 1♂ (MRAC 207.386). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Eyolo Forest, ca. 2 km E of Lieki, 00°41.785’N, 24°14.512’E, 25–29. V.2010, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs leg. (Malaise traps, lowland evergreen swamp forest), 1♀ (IRSNB IG.34481). GUINEA: Mount Nimba, Gallery Forest of Zié, 07°40’N, 08°22’W, 1250 m.a.s.l., 3.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (fogging 1, canopy of trees, understory of shrub layer), 1♂ (MRAC 238.050); same locality, Station de pompage Zié, 07°40’N, 08°22’W, 1250 m.a.s.l., 11.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (sieving litter under “matete” [high grass], near route, open area), 2♂ (MRAC 237.965); same locality, Station de pompage Zié, 07°40’N, 08°22’W, 1250 m.a.s.l., 1.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (sieving litter under “matete” [high grass], near route, open area), 1♂ (MRAC 237.984); same locality, Gba Valley, 07°40’N, 08°23’W, 880 m. a.s.l., 9.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (beating, primary gallery forest, litter in trees and shrubs, at 1.5-3m above the floor, “chablis”), 2♂ (MRAC 238.090); same locality, Ziela, near Pierré-Richaud, 0742’N, 0821’W, 568 m. a.s.l., 20.II.2012, A. Henrard, C. Allard, P. Bimou & M. Sidibé leg. (sieving litter), 1♂ (MRAC 238.697). Distribution. Widespread across equatorial West and Central Africa (Map 1).

Carteronius teke Bonaldo & Bosselaers sp. nov. Figs 13C, D, 14C, D; Map 1 Type. ♀ holotype from Kivu, Rwankwi [01°19’S, 29°22’E], DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, VI.1946, J. Leroy leg. (MRAC 168.643). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the Teke people, one of the three kingdoms that ruled Congo before the arrival of Europeans. Diagnosis. Females of Carteronius teke sp. nov. differ from all other species of Carteronius by the presence of completely straight epigynal transversal ridge (Fig. 14C). Description. Male. Unknown. Female. (MRAC 168.643) Measurements:Total length 13.45, CL 4.90, CW 4.39, AL 7.99, AW 5.24, SL 2.44, SW 2.15. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.38, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.28, PME 0.25, AME-AME 0.36, AME-ALE 0.40, ALE-ALE 2.30, PME-PME 0.57, PME-PLE 0.67, PLE-PLE 2.81. Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 4.21+2.04+3.57+2.92+1.25=13.99; II 4.15+1.86+3.89+2.79 +1.19=13.88; III 2.83+1.43+2.52+2.20+1.04=10.02; IV 3.42+1.42+3.03+3.14+1.28=12.29. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: IV do 1-0-0; tibiae: I ve 1 p -2-2-2-2-2, II ve 0-0-2-2-2-2, III ve 0-0-1 p -0, IV ve 1 p -0-1 p -0; metatarsi: I ve 2-2-2-2, II ve 1 r -1 p -2-2, III ve 0-2-2-0, IV ve 0-2-2-0. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs I and II reddish-brown, III and IV dark yellow. Abdomen dorsally pale gray, ventrally white with darker band converging at spinnerets (Fig. 13C). Epigynum: CDv long, arched, ST2 tapering, medially located, gland ducts inconspicuous, much smaller than ST1; CDd folded ventrally (Fig. 14D). Other material examined. None. Distribution. Only known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Map 1)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 359-361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035

Carteronius gentilis (Simon, 1909) comb. nov. Figs 18, 19; Map 1 Procopius gentilis Simon, 1909: 382 (♂ holotype from “ Fernando Poo: Basilé”, leg. L. Fea, MNHN 22.254 —examined). Note. The male holotype, from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, is here tentatively associated with a female from continental Africa (Cameroon). Bioko is a continental-shelf island that supports relatively low levels of endemism of angiosperms, bats, birds, reptiles, and amphibians when compared to oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Príncipe, São Tomé and Annobón) (Jones 2004). This island was separated from mainland Africa by the rise in sea level at the end of the last glacial period, approximately 10 000 years ago (Schabetsberger et al. 2004; PérezPérez & Yu 2021). Both the Bioko and Cameroon specimens share a strikingly similar dorsal abdominal pattern (Fig. 18A, F), as well as similarities in leg spination. Nevertheless, this association must be tested when additional samples come to light. From a strictly nomenclatural point of view, proposing this doubtful association is preferable to making available a possibly unnecessary specific name. Diagnosis. Males of C. gentilis comb. nov. differ from all other Carteronius species in having a bifid dorsal lobe on the RTA (Fig. 19A, B). Females resemble those of C. myene sp. nov. by the slightly curved transverse ridge (Figs 14A, 19C), but differ by the relatively small posterior sector and the extremely narrow copulatory duct in relation to the spermathecae (Fig. 19C, D). Description. Male (holotype). Measurements: Total length 8.03, CL 3.82, CW 3.57, AL 3.95, AW 2.80, SL 1.93, SW 1.81. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.32, ALE 0.21, PLE 0.24, PME 0.26, AME-AME 0.21, AME-ALE 0.24, ALE-ALE 1.66, PME-PME 0.85, PME-PLE 0.52, PLE-PLE 2.07. Length of leg segments: I 4.13+ 1.74+4.05+3.10+1.22=14.24; II 4.02+1.70+3.95+3.20+1.26=14.13; III 2.61+1.26+2.18+2.15+1.00=9.20; IV 3.36+ 1.29+2.82+3.12+1.10=11.69. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-1 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-2, IV do 0-1-2; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 1 p -1 r -2-2-2-2, III ve 0-2-2-0, IV ve 0-0-0-1 r; metatarsi: I ve 0-2-2-0, II ve 0-2-2-0, III pl 0-1-1 rl 0-1-1 ve 2-2-1, IV pl 0-1-1 rl 0-1-1 ve 2-2-0. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs dark yellow, with femora I and II reddish-brown. Abdomen dorsally with yellowish area anteriorly and five transversal follicular bands in posterior half (Fig. 18A). Palp: RTA with apical spur approximately same size as ventral lobe, medial lobe short and pointed; ventral lobe sub-squared and excavated; sperm duct with long loop, retrolateral apical tegular process present, blunt; embolus long and thin, without projections (Figs 19A, B). Female (MRAC 162.128). Measurements: Total length 7.92, CL 3.26, CW 2.78, AL 4.62, AW 3.26, SL 1.57, SW 1.60. Eyes diameters and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.18, PLE 0.19, PME 0.19, AME-AME 0.63, AME-ALE 0.20, ALE-ALE 1.35, PME-PME 0.32, PME-PLE 0.38, PLE-PLE 1.60. Length of leg segments I 3.13+1.33+3.01+2.30+1.10=10.87; II 3.05+1.30+2.90+2.29+1.09=10.63; III 2.23+1.00+1.89+1.73+0.87=7.72; IV 2.74+1.06+2.30+2.40+0.93=9.43. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two teeth, inner tooth larger. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-2, IV do 0-1-2; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2, III ve 1 p -1 r -2, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p- 1 p -0-0; metatarsi: I ve 0-2- 2-0, II ve 0-2-2-0, III pl 1-0-0-1 rl 0-0-1 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p- 1 p -1 r -1 r. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae dark reddish brown. Endites, labium and sternum orange red. Legs whitish with femora I and II reddish. Abdomen as in male (Fig. 18F). Epigynum: CDv long, straight, narrow; ST2 tappering, anteriorly located, gland ducts conspicuous, smaller than ST1; CDd large, S-shaped (Fig. 19D). Other material examined: CAMEROON: Mount Cameroun, near Buea, 04°12’N, 09°11’E, 1400 m.a.s.l., II-III.1981, Bosmans & Van Stalle leg. (montane forest with arable fields, V.H.F), 1♀ (MRAC 162.128). Distribution. Recorded from the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) and Cameroon (Map 1).

Carteronius myene Bonaldo & Labarque sp. nov. Figs 13A, B; 14A, B; Map 1 Type. ♀ holotype from Parc National de Moukalaba-Doudou, Département de Ndougou, Province de Ogooué Maritime (02°35’S, 10°14’E), GABON, III–IV.2003, O.S.G. Olivier & M. Burger leg. (forêt marecaguese) (MRAC 220.827). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the Myene people, which settled fishing communities along the coast of Gabon. Diagnosis. Females of Carteronius myene sp. nov. resemble those of C. gentilis comb. nov. by the slightly curved epigynal transversal ridge (Figs 14A, 19C), but can be recognized by the posterior sector relatively larger; spermathecae barely visible by transparency in anterior sector (Fig. 14A). Description. Male. unknown. Female. (MRAC 220.827). Measurements: Total length 11.29, CL 5.29, CW 4.85, AL 6.33, AW 4.59, SL 2.64, SW 2.30. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.42, ALE 0.34, PLE 0.29, PME 0.32, AME-AME 0.32, AME-ALE 0.37, ALE-ALE 2.32, PME-PME 0.39, PME-PLE 0.62, PLE-PLE 2.71. Length of leg segments: I 4.68+2.28+4.48+3.46+1.34=16.24; II 4.96+2.29+4.27+3.58+1.41=16.58; III 3.59+1.71+2.83+2. 81+1.00=11.29; IV 4.03+1.69+3.43+3.44+1.15=13.74. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, proximal tooth largest; Leg spination: femora: II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0 ve 0-1-0, IV do 1-0-0; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2, III ve 2-2, IV ve 1-0-1; metatarsi: I ve 2-2-2-2, II ve 1 p -1 p -0-1 r -2, III pl 0-0-0-1 rl 0-0-0-1 ve 2-2-1, IV pl 2-0-1-0 ve 0-1-0 -0. Coloration: Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum dark reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown, with femora I and II darker. Abdomen dark gray, with several small white spots, two pairs of small white spots in middle dorsally, and three faint chevrons posteriorly. Venter gray, with irregular white spots forming two transversal lines (Fig. 13A). Epigynum: CDv long, gently arched, ST2 tapering, anteriorly located, gland ducts present, approximately same size as ST1; CDd folded ventrally (Fig. 14B). Other material examined. None. Distribution. Only known from Gabon (Map 1)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 358-359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035

Carteronius sudanus (Karsch, 1880) comb. nov. Figs 2 – 6; Map 1 Mandane sudana Karsch, 1880: 377 (♂ holotype from Adafoah, Volta River Basin, Ghana, Ungar leg., ZMB 2143, examined). Carteronius helluo Simon, 1896: 400 (♂ holotype from Freetown, Sierra Leone, MNHN 10611, accidentally switched with the male holotype of Carteronius scriptus Simon, 1896, from Diego Soares, Madagascar, MNHN 14.625). syn. nov. Mandaneta sudana; Strand 1932: 140; Haddad & Bosselaers 2010: 7, figs 16–19; Ramírez 2014: 365, figs 20A, 69D. Medmassa laurenti Lessert, 1946: 211, fig. 10 (♂ lectotype and ♀ paralectotype from Eala, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, leg. H. J. Bredo, MRAC 12419-12420, one palp of the ♂ lectotype in Museum of Natural History, Geneva, not re-examined). Synonymized with Mandaneta sudana by Haddad & Bosselaers 2010: 7. Diagnosis. Males of C. sudanus comb. nov. resemble those of C. lumumba sp. nov. by the absence of a retrolateral apical tegular process and by the bifid embolus tip (Figs 4A, 16B), but differ by the chelicerae with a frontal anterior excavation (Fig. 2A), the wider proximal half of embolus, and by the short distal loop of the spermatic duct, which is restricted to the middle of the bulb (Fig. 4A). Females resemble those of C. arboreus sp. nov. by the strongly recurved epigynal transversal ridge (Figs 4C, 8C), but differ by the lateral plates of the posterior sector not being sclerotized (Fig. 4C). Description. Male. (MRAC MT 207.386). Measurements: Total length 9.21, CL 4.52, CW 4.00, AL 4.69, AW 2.72, SL 2.20, SW 1.94. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.19, PLE 0.18, PME 0.23, AME-AME 0.32, AME-ALE 0.36, ALE-ALE 1.62, PME-PME 0.52, PME-PLE 0.62, PLE-PLE 2.18. Length of leg segments: I 4.36+1.86+4.44+3.52+1.62=15.80; II 4.52+2.04+4.56+3.60+1.58=16.30; III 3.16+1.36+2.84+2.36+1.18=10.90; IV 3.68+1.48+3.52+3.52+1.22=13.42. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest, distal tooth smallest; retromargin with two teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-0-1-0 pl 0-0-1, II do 0- 1-0, III - IV do 0-1-0-1; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2, III ve p 1- r 1-2, IV pl 1-0-1-1 rl 0-1-1; metatarsi: I-II ve 2-2, III pl 1-1-0 lv 0-1-0 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0 lv 0-1-0 ve 2-2. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae reddish-brown. Endites and labium reddish-brown, sternum yellowish. Legs I and II: coxae and trochanters reddish-brown; femora reddish-brown, yellowish distally; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish. Legs III and IV: coxae whitish, trochanters brownish; femora whitish prolaterally and retrolaterally, brownish ventrally and distally; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brownish. Abdomen dark gray dorsally, with diamond-shaped spot in middle, followed by four white transversal lines; white ventrally (Fig 3A – C). Palp: RTA with apical spur short, pointed; dorsal lobe long, excavated, with folded edges and oriented upwards; medial lobe smaller than dorsal lobe, pointed and oriented upwards; ventral lobe sub-squared, not excavated. Sperm duct with short loop (Fig 4A, B). Female. (MRAC MT 204.306–MRAC MT 177.640). Measurements: Total length 9.65-10.18, CL 4.32-4.28, CW 3.80-4.00.0, AL 5.33-5.90, AW 3.68-4.52, SL 2.08-2.14, SW 1.76-1.96. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME-AME 0.28, AME-ALE 0.32, ALE-ALE 1.56, PME-PME 0.44, PME-PLE 0.36, PLE-PLE 2.02. Length of leg segments: I 3.88+1.86+4.00+3.04+1.4=14.18; II 3.92+1.86+4.04+3.16+1.44=14.42; III 3.00+1.42+2.52+2.24+ 1.20=10.38; IV 3.56+1.48+3.28+3.20+1.30=12.82. Chelicerae with three spaced teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, distal tooth smallest; two teeth on retromargin, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-0-1, II do 0-1-0, III - IV do 0-1-0-1; tibiae: I-II ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, III ve 1 r -1 p -2, IV ve pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1; metatarsi: I pl 1-0-0 ve 2-2, II rl 1-0-0 ve 2-2, III pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 2-2, IV plv 4 rlv 3 pl 0-1-0 rl 0-1-0 ve 1 p -2-2. Coloration: carapace and chelicera dark red; endites, labium and sternum reddish. Legs I and II: coxae and trochanter reddish brown; femora dark red; tibia, metatarsus and tarsus reddish. Legs III and IV: coxae whitish, trochanter brownish; femur whitish prolaterally and retrolaterally, brownish ventrally and distally; tibia, metatarsus and tarsus brownish. Abdomen: pale gray with several spots dorsally, present two pair of white spots and four white transversal lines well defined dorsally (Fig. 3D – F). Epigynum: CDv long, slender, ST2 anteriorly positioned in relation to the ST1, similarly sized to ST1, with conspicuous gland ducts; CDd S-shaped (Figs 4D, 5C, D). Other material examined: CÔTE D’IVOIRE: Mankono, Ranch de la Marahoué, 08°27’N, 06°52’W, 12. III.1980, leg. J. Everts, riverine forest, 1♂ (MRAC 173.984); Bettié, forêt classeé de Mabi, 06°05’N, 03°30’W, dense forest, by hand, 26.XI.1993, R. Jocqué, leg. 1♀ (MRAC 177.640; SEM preparations MJR 574–576); same locality, Eco. Grappe 3, 24. III.1997, T. Steyn leg., 1♀ (MRAC 207.387); Appouesso, FC Bossematié, Forest, pitfall, station 1B, 12.II.1995, R. Jocqué and R. Tanoh leg., 1♀ (MRAC 204.306); same locality, station 5, found in leaf litter, 21. III.1997, T. Steyn leg., 1♂ (MRAC 207.386). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Eyolo Forest, ca. 2 km E of Lieki, 00°41.785’N, 24°14.512’E, 25–29. V.2010, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs leg. (Malaise traps, lowland evergreen swamp forest), 1♀ (IRSNB IG.34481). GUINEA: Mount Nimba, Gallery Forest of Zié, 07°40’N, 08°22’W, 1250 m.a.s.l., 3.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (fogging 1, canopy of trees, understory of shrub layer), 1♂ (MRAC 238.050); same locality, Station de pompage Zié, 07°40’N, 08°22’W, 1250 m.a.s.l., 11.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (sieving litter under “matete” [high grass], near route, open area), 2♂ (MRAC 237.965); same locality, Station de pompage Zié, 07°40’N, 08°22’W, 1250 m.a.s.l., 1.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (sieving litter under “matete” [high grass], near route, open area), 1♂ (MRAC 237.984); same locality, Gba Valley, 07°40’N, 08°23’W, 880 m. a.s.l., 9.X.2011, D. van den Spiegel & A. Henrard leg. (beating, primary gallery forest, litter in trees and shrubs, at 1.5-3m above the floor, “chablis”), 2♂ (MRAC 238.090); same locality, Ziela, near Pierré-Richaud, 0742’N, 0821’W, 568 m. a.s.l., 20.II.2012, A. Henrard, C. Allard, P. Bimou & M. Sidibé leg. (sieving litter), 1♂ (MRAC 238.697). Distribution. Widespread across equatorial West and Central Africa (Map 1)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 349-353, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035, {"references":["Karsch, F. (1880) Arachnologische Blatter (Decas I). Zeitschrift fur die gesammten Naturwissenschaft, 53, 373 - 409.","Simon, E. (1896) Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Clubionidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 40 (9), 400 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 2026","Strand, E. (1932) Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica, III, IV. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica, 4, 133 - 147 + 193 - 196.","Haddad, C. R. & Bosselaers, J. (2010) A revision of the genus Medmassa Simon, 1887 (Araneae: Corinnidae) in the Afrotopical Region. Zootaxa, 2361 (1), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2361.1.1","Ramirez, M. J. (2014) The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 390, 1 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 821.1","Lessert, R. de (1946) Araignees du Congo Belge. Revue Suisse de zoologie, 58, 204 - 225."]}

Carteronius Simon Mandane Karsch, 1880: 337, pl. 12, fig. 4 (type species by monotypy, M. sudana). Preoccupied by Kinberg 1866, in Spionidae, Annelida: Polychaeta) Carteronius Simon, 1897: 85 (type species by original designation, C. helluo Simon, 1896). Mandaneta Strand, 1932: 140. Replacement name for Mandane Karsch. syn. nov. Notes on the identity of Carteronius. Simon (1896) described four species of Carteronius: C. helluo (the type species), C. vittiger, C. scriptus, and C. fuscus. The first three species were described from males only, and C. fuscus from a female. The type locality is Sierra Leone for C. helluo, Madagascar for C. vittiger and C. scriptus, and Mauritius for C. fuscus. Based on Simon’s original Latin descriptions, the male of C. helluo can be considered to differ significantly from the males of C. vittiger and C. scriptus: it has a strongly rugose cephalothorax, granulose chelicerae, anterior tibiae with six short ventral spine pairs, anterior metatarsi with four long ventral spine pairs, a male palpal tibia that is only slightly longer than the patella, a large, lamelliform, bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis and an oval, blunt cymbium. Carteronius vittiger and C. scriptus both have an almost smooth cephalothorax and smooth chelicerae, anterior tibiae with four long ventral spine pairs, anterior metatarsi with two long ventral spine pairs, a male palpal tibia that is longer than the patella, a small, sharp and simple retrolateral tibial apophysis, and a very elongate, curved cymbium that is much longer than the bulbus itself. Simon (1897) presented the genus description of Carteronius, transferred Cheiracanthium argenticomum Keyserling, 1877 to the new genus (pp. 79–80), and synonymized C. scriptus with C. argenticomus (p. 83). Upon consulting the MNHN collection (Paris) and studying the type specimens of Simon’s four species, it turned out that the vial of the type species C. helluo did not contain the specimen corresponding with Simon’s original description. Instead, this vial, labeled Clubionidae — Carteronius E.S. helluo E.S. 10.611 Sierra Leone: Free town, contained a smooth male specimen with four and two ventral spine pairs on the anterior tibiae and metatarsi, respectively, as well as a male palp with a long tibia and cymbium and a simple retrolateral tibial apophysis, as described in Simon (1896) for C. vittiger and C. scriptus (Figs 1A–E; both here transferred to Donuea, the latter under D. argenticoma). On the other hand, the C. scriptus vial, labeled Clubionidae — Carteronius E.S. scriptus E.S. 14.625 Diego Suares, contained a rugose male specimen with six and four ventral spine pairs on the anterior tibiae and metatarsi, as well a male palp with a short tibia, a blunt cymbium, and a bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis, as described in Simon (1896) for C. helluo (Figs 1F–J). It must be concluded that the type specimen of C. helluo has been accidentally switched with the type specimen of C. scriptus. After proper photographic documentation (Fig 1A–E), the specimens were re-switched to their original vials to avoid confusion in the future. The C. vittiger vial, labeled Clubionidae — Carteronius E.S. vittiger E.S. 10.188 Diego Suares, can still be assumed to contain the correct male type specimen, as it has a spider that corresponds in detail with Simon’s original (1896) description of this species. The C. vittiger type specimen is slightly smaller than the C. scriptus type, having a brown cephalothorax, with a darker eye region and two dark dentate bands, brown chelicerae, and a male palpal tibia that is longer than the patella. The abdomen of the C. vittiger type is completely bleached and can no longer be compared with Simon’s description of its markings. The C. scriptus type has lost its coloration over time, but it can be recognized by the more robust chelicerae and the more robust ventral spines on the anterior tibiae and a male palpal tibia that is only slightly longer than the patella. Diagnosis. Members of the genus Carteronius share with those of Bunyoronius gen. nov. the trilobulated RTA, with an apical spur inserted in the base of the ventral lobe, a sperm duct with a single ventral fold, and the basally widened, curved embolus surrounding the tegular margins. They can be readily recognized by the absence of modifications on the male palpal femur (with a large apical retrolateral apophysis in Bunyoronius gen. nov.); the ventral fold of sperm duct oriented prolaterally (retro-dorsally in Bunyoronius gen. nov.); a hook-shaped median apophysis inserted retro-apically in a deep, wide circular pit (vestigial in Bunyoronius gen. nov.); and embolus inserted retrolaterally with a narrow tip (basally inserted, with a wide tip in Bunyoronius gen. nov.) (Figs 4A, B, 8A, B, 10A, B). Females can be recognized by the epigynal plate divided by a single transversal ridge, delimiting posterior and anterior sectors (two lateral longitudinal ridges, delimiting a median atrium in Bunyoronius gen. nov.); epigynal posterior sector with two lateral plates; and copulatory openings oriented posteriorly (oriented anteriorly in Bunyoronius gen. nov.) (Figs 5A, B, 8C, D). Description. Medium to large-sized spiders, 6.03 – 13.45 mm in length. Carapace heavily sclerotized, surface granulate with scarce long setae; very broad, sub-oval, as long as wide, cephalic region well-demarcated posteriorly, swollen anterolaterally, higher than thoracic region; thoracic region abruptly depressed, posteriorly rounded, thoracic fovea present (Figs 2, 3A – E, 13B, D). Clypeus low, height less than AME diameter, generally nearly half AME diameter (Fig. 2). AER straight in frontal view, ALE oblique, eyes equidistant; PER procurved in dorsal view, only slightly wider than AER, eyes equidistant; AME largest, approximately two times ALE diameter, remaining eyes sub-equal in size. Eyes circular. Chilum present, entire, generally bilobed, with two geminated tubercles; with a large median tubercle only in females of C. lumumba sp. nov. and C. simoni sp. nov.. Chelicerae sclerotized, slightly longer than half the length of the carapace, frontal surface granulate, strongly geniculate in females, slightly geniculated in males, heavily modified in males of C. sudanus (frontally with anterior excavation and blunt median tubercle on prolateral surface, Fig. 2A) and C. lumumba sp. nov. (ventrally with retromarginal proximal tooth modified into a large keel and a proximal constriction on prolateral margin, Fig. 16A), basal boss evident, promargin usually with three teeth, retromargin with two teeth. Endites convergent, promargin anteriorly protruded, retromargin slightly excavated; labium sub-squared, nearly as long as wide, slightly longer than half an endite’s length, proximal lateral constrictions shallow. Sternum shield-shaped, slightly longer than wide; surface covered by small setae-bearing tubercles, precoxal and intercoxal sclerites present, margins well defined, especially anterolaterally. Leg formula: I.II.IV.III. Legs long, I–II more robust; femur I with one dorsal spine, tibiae I with five to seven pairs of ventral spines (Fig. 11C); metatarsus I with two or four pairs of ventral spines. Femora with short setae inserted on tubercles; scopulae sparse, present in all tarsi and distal third of metatarsi I–II, metatarsi III–IV with sparse cluster of long setae. Tarsal trichobothria with lowered distal plate below a transverse ridge (only C. sudanus and C. ashanti sp. nov. surveyed, Figs 6D, 11F). Abdomen oval, with distinctive chevron markings variable across species (Figs 3A, B; 7A, C, 15A, C, 17A, 18A, F); dorsal and ventral scuta absent. Spinnerets (only female of C. sudanus surveyed with SEM): ALS with two major ampullate gland spigots near the middle of the spinning field and several piriform glands spigots around; PMS with three cylindrical gland spigots, two minor ampullate glands spigots, and 2–3 aciniform gland spigots; PLS with two cylindrical gland spigots and several aciniform glands spigots (Fig. 6F–I). Male palp: retrolateral femoral apophysis absent, retrolateral tibial apophysis complex, with three lobes, ventral lobe with apical spur (Figs 4A, 8A); cymbium densely covered by setae, with a denser dorso-apical cluster of short chemosensory setae, forming a conspicuous patch (Fig. 12A); median apophysis hook-shaped; embolus basally widened, curved, surrounding tegular margins, with membranous tip (tip bifid in C. sudanus and C. lumumba sp. nov.), hyaline conductor present, lamelliform; retrolateral apical tegular process present in, C. arboreus sp. nov., C. ashanti sp. nov. and C. gentilis (Figs 8A, 10A, 19A). Epigynum characterized by the presence of a transverse ridge delimiting anterior and posterior sectors; posterior sector with a pair of rounded plates (inconspicuous in C. lumumba sp. nov.); two copulatory openings located posteriorly (Figs 4C, 14A, C, 16D, 19C); CD distinct between primary and secondary spermathecae; ventral sector of CD (distal to ST2 insertion) long, generally thick (narrow in C. gentilis). Secondary spermathecae generally placed anteriorly to the level of the anterior curve of the ventral sector of CD (posteriorly in C. myene sp. nov. and C. teke sp. nov.), commonly tapering (globose in C. arboreus sp. nov.); dorsal sector of CD (between ST1 and ST2, proximal to ST2 insertion) wide, generally S-shaped (nearly straight in C. arboreous sp. nov. and folded ventrally in C. myene sp. nov. and C. teke sp. nov.). ST1 appendiciform, posteriorly positioned, generally smaller than ST2. Fertilization ducts large in relation to ST1 size (Figs 4D, 5C, D, 8D, 14B, D, 16E). Distribution. West and Central Africa. Misplaced species. The three species presently included in Carteronius other than the type species belong to the genus Donuea (recently transferred to Corinnidae). They share with described representatives of the genus (the type species D. decorsei (Simon, 1903) and D. collustrata Bosselaers & Dierick, 2010 the large, highly modified median apophysis and the long, filiform embolus in the male palp (Fig. 1B–D), or the flat epigynal plate with a long, narrow atrium with anchoring lateral ridges that may be present in all representatives of that genus. - Carteronius argenticomus (Keyserling, 1877) = Donuea argenticoma (Keyserling, 1877) comb. nov. - Carteronius vittiger Simon, 1896 = Donuea vittiger (Simon, 1896) comb. nov. - Carteronius fuscus Simon, 1896 = Donuea fusca (Simon, 1896) comb. nov. Key to Carteronius species 1 Males (those of C. teke sp. nov., C. myene sp. nov. and C. simoni sp. nov. unknown)................................ 2 - Females (those of C. ashanti sp. nov. unknown)............................................................. 7 2(1) Chelicerae with anterior surface or teeth modified (Figs 2A, 16A); retrolateral apical tegular process absent (Figs 4A, 16B). 3 - Chelicerae unmodified, anterior surface and teeth unmodified; retrolateral apical tegular process present (Figs 8A, 10A)... 4 3(2) Chelicerae with frontal anterior excavation, teeth unmodified (Fig. 2A); proximal half of embolus relatively broad (Fig. 4A)................................................................................... C. sudanus comb. nov. - Chelicerae without frontal anterior excavation, retromarginal proximal tooth modified into a large keel (Fig. 16A); proximal half of embolus relatively narrow (Fig. 16B)................................................ C. lumumba sp. nov. 4(2) Apical third of embolus with a retrolaterally-directed process interlocking tegular edge (Figs 8A, 10A)................. 5 - Apical third of embolus without such a process (Fig. 19A).................................... C. gentilis comb. nov. 5(4) Median and dorsal lobes of RTA sharing the same base (Fig. 8B); embolar apices wide, sub-apical embolar process large (Fig. 8A)................................................................................. C. arboreus sp. nov. - Median and dorsal lobes of RTA completely separated at base (Fig. 10B); embolar apices not enlarged; sub-apical embolar process small (Fig. 10A).................................................................. C. ashanti sp. nov. 7(1) Transversal ridge of epigynum strongly recurved (Figs. 4C, 8C)................................................ 8 - Transversal ridge otherwise (Figs 14A, C, 16D)............................................................. 9 8(7) Lateral plates of posterior sector not sclerotized (Fig. 4C).................................... C. sudanus comb. nov. - Lateral plates of posterior sector sclerotized (Fig. 8C)......................................... C. arboreus sp. nov. 9(7) Lateral plates of posterior sector inconspicuous; central septum not rebordered laterally (Figs 16D, 17C)............... 10 - Lateral plates of posterior sector well defined, central septum of posterior sector rebordered laterally (Figs 14A, C)...... 11 10(9) Copulatory duct convergent in ventral view (Fig. 16D)........................................ C. lumumba sp. nov. - Copulatory duct divergent in ventral view (Fig. 17C)............................................ C. simoni sp. nov. 11(9) Epigynal transversal ridge gently recurved (Figs 14A, 19).................................................... 12 - Epigynal transversal ridge straight (Fig. 14C).................................................... C. teke sp. nov. 12(11) Posterior sector relatively small, nearly one quarter as long as the anterior sector; spermathecae visible by transparency in anterior sector (Fig. 19C).............................................................. C. gentilis comb. nov. - Posterior sector relatively large, nearly half as long as the anterior sector; spermathecae barely visible by transparency in anterior sector (Fig. 14A).................................................................. C. myene sp. nov., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 345-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035, {"references":["Karsch, F. (1880) Arachnologische Blatter (Decas I). Zeitschrift fur die gesammten Naturwissenschaft, 53, 373 - 409.","Kinberg, J. G. H. (1866) Annulata Nova. Continuatio. [various errantia & sedentaria]. Ofversigt af Koniglich Vetenskapsakademiens forhandlingar, Stockholm, 22 (4), 239 - 258.","Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Tome Second. Deuxieme Edition. Roret, Paris, 192 pp.","Simon, E. (1896) Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Clubionidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 40 (9), 400 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 2026","Strand, E. (1932) Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica, III, IV. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica, 4, 133 - 147 + 193 - 196.","Keyserling, E. (1877) Einige Spinnen von Madagascar. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 27, 85 - 96.","Simon, E. (1903) Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de Madagascar, faisant partie des collections du Museum. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 9, 133 - 140.","Bosselaers, J., Dierick, M., Cnudde, V., Masschaele, B., Hoorebeke, L. van & Jacobs, P. (2010) High-resolution X-ray computer tomography of an extant new Donuea (Araneae: Liocranidae) species in Madagascan copal. Zootaxa, 2427 (1), 25 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2427.1.3"]}

Carteronius arboreus Bonaldo & Haddad sp. nov. Figs 7, 8; Map 1 Types. ♂ holotype from Bas Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve (05°37’S, 13°05’E), 28.IX.2007, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, D. de Bakker & J. P. Michiels leg. (sieving along trail in primary rainforest) (MRAC 223.475). ♀ paratype, same locality and collectors, 10.XI.2006 (Fog 3, primary rainforest) (MRAC 220.925). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective meaning arboreal, in reference to the fact that most of the known specimens were collected by canopy fogging. Diagnosis. Males of Carteronius arboreus sp. nov. are similar to those of C. ashanti sp. nov. by the presence of a sub-apical embolar process (Figs 8A, 10A), but differ by the dorsal lobe of the RTA, which is broad and retrolaterally oriented, and the rounded medial lobe, which is small in relation to the dorsal lobe, and share the same base (Fig. 8B). In C. ashanti sp. nov., the dorsal lobe is spoon-shaped and the medial lobe longer and fang-shaped, with its own base. Females resemble those of C. sudanus comb. nov. in the strongly recurved epigynal transversal ridge (Figs 4C, 8C), but differ by the lateral plates of the epigynal posterior sector being strongly sclerotized (Fig. 8C). Description. Male. (MRAC 223475). Measurements: Total length 6.03, CL 3.16, CW 2.71, AL 2.95, AW 2.24, SL 1.39, SW 1.49. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.28, ALE 0.17, PLE 0.18, PME 0.16, AME-AME 0.65, AME-ALE 0.16, ALE-ALE 1.34, PME-PME 0.33, PME-PLE 0.37, PLE-PLE 1.57. Length of leg segments: I 3.08+1.17+2.67+2.29+1.22=10.43; II 3.10+1.24+3.10+2.24+1.27=10.95; III 2.07+0.93+1.61+1.65+0.96=7.22; IV 2.55+0.94+2.11+2.25+1.05=8.90. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0, IV do 0-1-0; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2, II ve 1 p -1 r -1 p -2-2-2, III ve 1 r -1 p -2, IV rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 p -0-1 p; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1 r -1 p -1 r -0. Coloration: carapace and chelicerae reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs I and II: coxae and trochanters reddish-brown; femora reddish-brown, yellowish distally; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish. Legs III and IV yellowish. Abdomen dark gray dorsally, with two well defined white bands; white ventrally (Fig. 7A). Palp: RTA with apical spur short, curved and pointed, dorsal lobe with apical edges bent ventrally, ventral lobe rounded and excavated. Tegulum with short retrolateral apical tegular process, spermatic duct with long loop (Fig. 8A, B). Female. (MRAC 220925). Measurements: Total length 10.58, CL 4.10, CW 3.86, AL 6.37, AW 4.91, SL 1.97, SW 1.93. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.31, ALE 0.21, PLE 0.21, PME 0.18, AME-AME 0.25, AME-ALE 0.29, ALE-ALE 1.75, PME-PME 0.45, PME-PLE 0.49, PLE-PLE 2.13. Length of leg segments: I 3.87+1.81+3.70+2.88+1.28=13.54; II 3.70+1.73+3.66+2.99+1.31=13.39; III 2.75+1.32+2.17+2.08+0.91=9.23; IV 3.25+1.31+2.76+2.84+0.98=11.14. Chelicerae: promargin with three spaced teeth, median tooth largest; retromargin with two spaced teeth, subequal in size. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0-1 p, IV do 0-1-0-1 p; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-1 r -1 p -1 r -1 p -1 r, III ve 1 p -1 r -2, IV rl 0-1-0-1 ve 1p-0-1 p; metatarsi: I ve 2-0-2-0, II ve 2-2-2, III pl 0-1-0-1 rl 0-0-0-1 ve 2-2-1, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 1-0-1 ve 1 p -1 r -1 p - 0-0. Coloration: Carapace and chelicerae dark reddish-brown. Endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown, with femora I and II darker. Abdomen gray, dorsum with scattered small white spots, denser in middle, forming irregular white longitudinal band; posteriorly with large triangular white spot. Ventrally gray with two irregular lateroventral white bands (Fig. 7C). Epigynum: CDv slight folded posteriorly, ST2 globose, anteriorly located, larger than ST1, CDd almost straight (Fig. 8D). Other material examined. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Bas Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve (05°37’S, 13°05’E), 18.IX.2007, D. de Bakker & J.P. Michiels leg. (Fog 5, old secondary forest), 1♀ (MRAC); same data but 22.IX.2007, 1♀ (MRAC); same data but 30.IX.2007, 1♂ (MRAC). Distribution. Only known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Map 1)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 353-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035

Bunyoronius femoralis Bonaldo, Ramírez & Haddad sp. nov. Figs 20–23; Map 1 Types. ♂ holotype from Budongo Forest, 01°45’N, 31°25’E, 1200 m.a.s.l., UGANDA, 15-25.I.1997, leg. T. Wagner (collected by fogging in Rinorea beniensis, swamp forest), 1♂ (ZMFK Ar-23935). Paratypes: same locality and collector as the holotype, all collected by fogging in Rinorea beniensis; 11-20.VII.1995 (secondary forest), 1♂ (ZMFK Ar-23936); 11-20.VII.1995 (secondary forest) 1♂, 1♀ (ZMFK Ar-23937); 19-30.vi.1995 (primary forest), 1♂ (ZMFK Ar-23938); 21-31.VII.1995 (swamp forest), 2♂ (ZMFK Ar-23939); 5-15.I.1997 (swamp forest), 1♂ (ZMFK Ar-23940); 15-25.I.1997 (secondary forest), 1♂, (ZMFK Ar-23941). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective highlighting the large male palpal apical retrolateral femoral apophysis. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Description. Male (Holotype). Measurements: Total length 7.37, CL 3.63, CW 3.10, AL 3.73, AW 2.56, SL 1.64, SW 1.59. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.27, ALE 0.14, PLE 0.14, PME 0.18, AME-AME 0.22, AME-ALE 0.21, ALE-ALE 1.14, PME-PME 0.38, PME-PLE 0.42, PLE-PLE 1.56. Length of leg segments: I 2.79 +1.04+2.98+2.30+1.26=13.35; II 2.91+1.01+2.96+2.32+1.23=10.43; III 2.08+0.86+1.64+1.74+0.79=7.11; IV 2.36 +0.88+2.17+2.39+0.84=8.86. Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth; retromargin with two teeth, proximal twice as large as the distal. Leg spination: I do 0-0-1-0 pl 0-0-1-0, II do 0-0-1-0, III do 0-1-0-1, IV do 0-1-0-2; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, III pl 0-1-0-0 rl 0-0-1-0 ve 0-1-1-0, IV pl 0-1-0-1 rl 1-1-0-1 ve 1-0-0-1; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III do 0-2-0-0 ve 2-2, IV pl 0-1-0-0 rl 1-0-1-0 ve 0-1-0-0. Coloration: Carapace, chelicerae, endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown (Fig. 20B). Legs yellowish, with femora I and II reddish-brown. Abdomen pale, with gray spots forming folicular shape in posterior region (Fig. 20A). Palp: Retrolateral apical femoral apophysis present, bifid; retrolateral tibial apophysis complex, with three lobes, ventral lobe with apical spurn; apical spur flat, smaller than ventral lobe, medial lobe very small, pointed; ventral lobe sub-rectangular, distally excavated; cymbium densely covered in setae, with dense dorso-apical cluster of short setae, forming conspicuous cymbial scopula (Fig. 23E); median apophysis absent, insertion area vestigial, represented by small unsclerotized window; sperm duct with two long loops, one retrolateral, directed proximally, and one ventral, directed distally; retrolateral apical tegular process absent. Conductor lamelliform, inserted retro-apically. Embolus wide, robust, not tapering distally, with apical sclerotized projection (Figs 22 A-C, 23). Female (ZMB Ar-23937). Measurements: Total length 6.92, CL 3.34, CW 3.02, AL 3.63, AW 2.62, SL 1.65, SW 1.57. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.24, ALE 0.14, PLE 0.13, PME 0.17, AME-AME 0.21, AME-ALE 0.21, ALE-ALE 1.10, PME-PME 0.39, PME-PLE 0.39, PLE-PLE 1.49. Length of leg segments: I 2.98+1.10+2.93+ 2.09+1.17=10.80; II 3.04+1.04+2.81+2.21+1.21=10.31; III 2.20+?+?+?+?=?; IV 2.52+0.82+2.20+2.35+0.95=8.84. Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth; retromargin with two teeth, proximal twice as large as distal. Leg spination: femora: I do 0-1-0 pl 0-1-0, II do 0-1-0, III do 0-1-0-1, IV do 0-1-0-1; tibiae: I ve 2-2-2-2-2-2-2, II ve 2-2-2-2-2-2, III broken, IV ve 1-0-0 rl 0-1-0-0; metatarsi: I ve 2-2, II ve 2-2, III broken, IV ve 1-1-1-0-0 do 0-2-0-2. Coloration: carapace, chelicerae, endites, labium and sternum reddish-brown (Fig. 20D). Legs yellowish, with femora I and II reddish-brown. Abdomen pale, with irregular gray spots (Fig. 20C). Epigynum with two lateral curved ridges, forming median atrium. Two copulatory openings located anteriorly; CDv short, obliquely inserted; ST2 globous, smaller than ST1, anteriorly positioned; CDd large and convoluted; ST1 reniform, FD long and robust (Fig. 22D, E). Other material examined. RWANDA: Ibanda Makera, Rusumo, 02°09’S, 30°55’E, 1350 m.a.s.l., X.1995, T. Wagner leg. (Fogging Teclea nobilis, gallery forest), 1♂ (ZMFK Ar-23942). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Prefecture Sangha-Mbaér, Parc National Dzanga-Ndoki, 37.9 km 169 S of Lidjombo, 02°22’14N, 16°10’21E, 360 m. a.s.l., 20–28. V.2001, B.L. Fisher leg. (rainforest, beating low vegetation), 2 imm. 1♀ (CAS, CASENT 9033197)., Published as part of Eb. Bonaldo, Ramírez, Martín J., Om. Labarque, Shimano, Yulie, Silva-Junior, Cláudio J. & Haddad, Charles R., 2022, Switching identities: a revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Carteronius Simon 1897 (Araneae, Corinnidae), senior synonym of Mandaneta Strand, 1932, with a new genus of the Pronophaea group, pp. 343-373 in Zootaxa 5205 (4) on pages 368-371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7307035

Three new six-eyed species of the spider genus Caponina Simon, 1891 are described, photographed, diagnosed and illustrated: C. alejandroi sp. nov. (male and female) from the Boyacá Department, C. bochalema sp. nov. (male) from the Santander Department and C. huila sp. nov. (male) from the Huila Department. Also, a emended diagnosis for the genus, a distribution map and an identification key for all species of Caponina are provided.

Caponina alejandroi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A3FDEA0F-C665-48D3-8F89-71B28114C022 Figs 1A–I, 2A–E, 5A–D, 6B Diagnosis Males of C. alejandroi sp. nov. resembles those of C. bochalema sp. nov. (Fig. 3E–G) by a short and pointed cymbium that does not reach over twice the tibia length, but can be distinguished by a smaller tegulum, pear-shaped in lateral view (its size is less than the cymbium length), by a thicker embolus with rhomboidal tip (Fig. 2A–C), and by having a more pronounced dorsal tubercle on the palpal femur (Fig. 1E–G). Females can be distinguished from other known species of Caponina by having long, boomerang-shaped internal pair of sclerotized bars (psb) with elongated and thin boomerang-shaped anterolateral extensions (ae) fused from the base to the middle of the pair of sclerotized bars (Figs 1H–I, 2D–E). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of Alejandro Sánchez Barreda, the youngest son of the first author. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Boyacá Department, Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, El Caimo, Sector Chaina; 5°25′ N, 73°27′ W; alt. 2730 m; 24 Sep. 2003; A. Roberto leg.; IAvH-I 3747. Paratypes COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IAvH-I 3114 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 12 Jul. 2001; IAvH-I 3755 • 1 ♂; Boyacá Department, Villa de Leyva, Colegio Antonio Nariño; 5°38′ N, 73°31′ W; alt. 2200 m; 21 Jul. 2002; E. Rodríguez leg.; IAvH-I 3750 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; L. Piña leg.; IAvH-I 3749 • 1 ♀; Boyacá Department, Vereda Sopotá, Finca El Peladero; 5°37′31.2′′ N, 73°32′37.9′′ W; alt. 2185 m; Oct. 2004; C. Fagua leg.; IAvH-I 3115. Description Male (holotype, IAvH-I 3747 ) COLORATION. Carapace pale orange (Figs 1A, 5A). Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and legs pale orange (Figs 1A, 5A). Abdomen pale beige (Fig. 1A–B), covered by many dark, short setae, epigastric region pale orange. Spinnerets pale beige. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.53; carapace 1.36 long, 1.21 wide, 0.48 high; sternum 0.92 long, 0.88 wide; legs: I: 4.10; II: 3.84; III: 3.14; IV: 4.63; abdomen 2.15 long. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace flat with soft cuticle. Six eyes, AME the largest, dark, separated by about half their diameter, ALE pale translucent, smaller than AME, PLE pale translucent and smaller than ALE. Palpal femur with protuberant dorsal tubercle and small prolateral stridulatory pick (Fig. 1E), cymbium short and pointed, tegulum pear-shaped in lateral view, with very long embolus directed anteriorly protruding ventrally from approximately middle surface of tegulum, embolus tip rhomboidal, very fine and sharp (Figs 1E–G, 2A–C). Female (paratype, IAvH-I 3749) COLORATION. As in male (Figs 1C–D, 5C–D). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.95, carapace 1.54 long, 1.30 wide, 0.36 high, sternum 0.93 long, 0.87 wide, legs: I: 4.57; II: 4.27; III: 3.50; IV: 4.55, abdomen 3.18 long. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace and eyes as in male. External genitalia with wide epigastric furrow (Figs 1H, 2D); internal genitalia with long, anteriorly directed, boomerang-shaped pair of sclerotized bars, with elongated, boomerang-shaped anterolateral extensions fused from base to middle of sclerotized bars (Figs 1I, 2E). Distribution Known from Boyacá Department, Colombia (Fig. 6B)., Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Martínez, Leonel & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2022, An update on the spider genus Caponina Simon (Araneae: Caponiidae) with descriptions of three new six-eyed species from Colombia, pp. 87-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 on pages 91-94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1735, http://zenodo.org/record/6468222

Caponina bochalema sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BA7CAE1E-4648-4752-8746-6843C88ED929 Figs 3A–B, E–G, 4A–C, 5E–F, 6B Diagnosis Males of Caponina bochalema sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other Colombian species by having a small, acuminated cymbium, a large and oval tegulum (size greater than cymbium length), and an embolus with a short and needle-shaped tip (Figs 3E–G, 4A–C). Etymology The specific epithet is a toponymic, referring to the type locality. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Santander Department, Municipality of Bochalema, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, Finca Campesina; 7°31′53.14′′ N, 72°19′23.94′′ W; alt. 1450–1600 m; 30 Apr. 2004; E. González leg.; IAvH-I 3757. Description Male (holotype, IAvH-I 3757) COLORATION. Carapace pale orange (Figs 3A, 5E). Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and legs pale orange (Figs 3B, 5F). Abdomen pale beige (Fig. 3A–B), covered by many brown and short setae, epigastric region pale orange. Spinnerets pale beige. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.18, carapace 1.25 long, 1.08 wide, 0.29 high, sternum 0.80 long, 0.71 wide, legs: I: 3.44; II: 3.29; III: 3.00; IV: 4.07, abdomen 2.15 long. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace flat with soft cuticle. Six eyes, AME largest, dark, separated by about half their diameter, ALE pale translucent and smaller than AME, PLE pale translucent and smaller than ALE. Palpal femur with dorsal tubercle and small prolateral stridulatory pick (Fig. 3E); cymbium very small and pointed, tegulum very large and oval, with long and thin embolus directed anteriorly protruding ventrally from approximately middle surface of tegulum, embolus tip short and sharp (Figs 3E–G, 4A– C). Female Unknown. Distribution Known only from the type locality (Fig. 6B)., Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Martínez, Leonel & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2022, An update on the spider genus Caponina Simon (Araneae: Caponiidae) with descriptions of three new six-eyed species from Colombia, pp. 87-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 on pages 94-98, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1735, http://zenodo.org/record/6468222

Caponina huila sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6479AF9C-6AC0-4B21-98AC-E5D187EA2871 Figs 3C–D, H–J, 4D–F, 5G–H, 6B Diagnosis Males of C. huila sp. nov. resemble those of C. paramo by a large cymbium that is more than twice as long as the tibia length, and by a similar poorly pronounced dorsal tubercle on the palpal femur (Fig. 3H–J), but can be distinguished by having a anteriorly directed embolar base (Fig. 4D–F), instead posteriorly directed as in C. paramo (see Platnick 1994a: figs 39–41). Additionally, the embolus tip is larger than that of C. paramo, presenting a median expansion, widening tip and enlarged opening (Figs 3H–J, 4D–F). Etymology The specific epithet is a toponymic, referring to the type locality. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Huila Department, Garzón, Vereda El Espinal, Reserva privada “Taky-Huaylla”; 2°17′43′′ N, 75°35′37′′ W; alt. 1000 m; 16–19 Sep. 2002; M. Ospina leg.; IAvH-I 3761. Description Male (holotype, IAvH-I 3761) COLORATION. Carapace yellowish-orange (Figs 3C, 5G). Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and legs yellowish-orange (Figs 3D, 5H). Abdomen pale beige (Fig. 3C–D), covered by many dark, short setae, epigastric region pale orange. Spinnerets pale beige. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.65, carapace 1.34 long, 1.17 wide, 0.38 high, sternum 0.85 long, 0.80 wide, legs: I: 3.51; II: 3.35; III: 2.76; IV: 4.16, abdomen 2.25 long. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace flat with soft cuticle. Six eyes, AME the largest, dark, separated by about half their diameter, ALE pale translucent and smaller than AME, PLE pale translucent and smaller than ALE. Palpal femur with poorly developed dorsal tubercle and small prolateral stridulatory pick (Fig. 3H); cymbium more than twice as long as tibia, with rounded tip, tegulum oval, with long, thin embolus, protruding ventrally from approximately middle surface of tegulum and directed anteriorly, with median expansion, widening tip and enlarged opening (Figs 3H–J, 4D–F). Female Unknown. Distribution Only known from the type locality in Huila Department (Fig. 6B)., Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Martínez, Leonel & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2022, An update on the spider genus Caponina Simon (Araneae: Caponiidae) with descriptions of three new six-eyed species from Colombia, pp. 87-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1735, http://zenodo.org/record/6468222, {"references":["Platnick N. I. 1994 a. A revision of the spider genus Caponina (Araneae, Caponiidae). American Museum Novitates 3100: 1 - 15."]}

Caponina alejandroi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A3FDEA0F-C665-48D3-8F89-71B28114C022 Figs 1A–I, 2A–E, 5A–D, 6B Diagnosis Males of C. alejandroi sp. nov. resembles those of C. bochalema sp. nov. (Fig. 3E–G) by a short and pointed cymbium that does not reach over twice the tibia length, but can be distinguished by a smaller tegulum, pear-shaped in lateral view (its size is less than the cymbium length), by a thicker embolus with rhomboidal tip (Fig. 2A–C), and by having a more pronounced dorsal tubercle on the palpal femur (Fig. 1E–G). Females can be distinguished from other known species of Caponina by having long, boomerang-shaped internal pair of sclerotized bars (psb) with elongated and thin boomerang-shaped anterolateral extensions (ae) fused from the base to the middle of the pair of sclerotized bars (Figs 1H–I, 2D–E). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of Alejandro Sánchez Barreda, the youngest son of the first author. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Boyacá Department, Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, El Caimo, Sector Chaina; 5°25′ N, 73°27′ W; alt. 2730 m; 24 Sep. 2003; A. Roberto leg.; IAvH-I 3747. Paratypes COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IAvH-I 3114 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 12 Jul. 2001; IAvH-I 3755 • 1 ♂; Boyacá Department, Villa de Leyva, Colegio Antonio Nariño; 5°38′ N, 73°31′ W; alt. 2200 m; 21 Jul. 2002; E. Rodríguez leg.; IAvH-I 3750 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; L. Piña leg.; IAvH-I 3749 • 1 ♀; Boyacá Department, Vereda Sopotá, Finca El Peladero; 5°37′31.2′′ N, 73°32′37.9′′ W; alt. 2185 m; Oct. 2004; C. Fagua leg.; IAvH-I 3115. Description Male (holotype, IAvH-I 3747 ) COLORATION. Carapace pale orange (Figs 1A, 5A). Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and legs pale orange (Figs 1A, 5A). Abdomen pale beige (Fig. 1A–B), covered by many dark, short setae, epigastric region pale orange. Spinnerets pale beige. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.53; carapace 1.36 long, 1.21 wide, 0.48 high; sternum 0.92 long, 0.88 wide; legs: I: 4.10; II: 3.84; III: 3.14; IV: 4.63; abdomen 2.15 long. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace flat with soft cuticle. Six eyes, AME the largest, dark, separated by about half their diameter, ALE pale translucent, smaller than AME, PLE pale translucent and smaller than ALE. Palpal femur with protuberant dorsal tubercle and small prolateral stridulatory pick (Fig. 1E), cymbium short and pointed, tegulum pear-shaped in lateral view, with very long embolus directed anteriorly protruding ventrally from approximately middle surface of tegulum, embolus tip rhomboidal, very fine and sharp (Figs 1E–G, 2A–C). Female (paratype, IAvH-I 3749) COLORATION. As in male (Figs 1C–D, 5C–D). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.95, carapace 1.54 long, 1.30 wide, 0.36 high, sternum 0.93 long, 0.87 wide, legs: I: 4.57; II: 4.27; III: 3.50; IV: 4.55, abdomen 3.18 long. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace and eyes as in male. External genitalia with wide epigastric furrow (Figs 1H, 2D); internal genitalia with long, anteriorly directed, boomerang-shaped pair of sclerotized bars, with elongated, boomerang-shaped anterolateral extensions fused from base to middle of sclerotized bars (Figs 1I, 2E). Distribution Known from Boyacá Department, Colombia (Fig. 6B).

Genus Caponina Simon, 1892 Caponina Simon, 1892: 573 ( type species C. testacea Simon, 1892 by monotypy). Bruchnops Mello-Leitão, 1939: 629; type species B. notabilis Mello-Leitão (by monotypy), synonymized by Platnick (1994a). Emended diagnosis Members of Caponina can be distinguished from all genera of Nopinae by having the tarsi entire, lacking adesmatic joins; and from other non-nopine genera with six or four eyes such as Nasutonops Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2016, Iraponia Kranz-Baltensperger, Platnick & Dupérré, 2009 and Notnops Platnick, 1994 as follows: from the six-eyed Nasutonops by the lack of a clypeal horn on the carapace; from the six-eyed Iraponia by the lack of a postepigastric scutum on the abdominal venter in males and by having a pair of sclerotized bars on the female internal genitalia, lacking the anteromedian receptaculum; and from the four-eyed Notnops by having the embolus protruding ventrally from the apical median area of the tegulum in males (instead of from the posterior area), and by the lack of an anteromedian receptaculum in the female internal genitalia. Other representatives of non-nopine genera such as Calponia Platnick, 1993 and Caponia Simon, 1887 have eight eyes; Diploglena Purcell, 1904, Laoponia Platnick & Jäger, 2008, Taintnops Platnick, 1994 and Tisentnops Platnick, 1994 have only two eyes, and Carajas Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2016 is completely devoid of eyes. Key for all species of Caponina Simon, 1892 1. Four eyes (rarely three)..................................................................................................................... 2 – Six eyes (rarely five)......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Female internal genitalia with anterior expansions on the pair of sclerotized bars; sclerotization around spiracles narrow, widely separated from each other (Platnick 1994a: fig. 22)................................................................................................................ C. testacea Simon, 1892 (males unknown) – Female internal genitalia lacking anterior expansions on the pair of sclerotized bars; sclerotizations around spiracles widened, almost touching each other (Platnick 1994a: fig. 23)......................................................................................................................... C. tijuca Platnick, 1994 (males unknown) 3. Males (those of C. chinacota and C. cajabamba, unknown)........................................................... 4 – Females (those of C. bochalema sp. nov. and C. huila sp. nov., unknown)....................................11 4. Cymbium short, length not reaching twice palpal tibia length (Fig. 3E, G)..................................... 5 – Cymbium long, length more than twice as long as palpal tibia length (Fig. 3H, J)......................... 8 5. Palpal femur with pronounced dorsal tubercle (Fig. 1E–G)............................................................. 6 – Palpal femur without dorsal tubercle (Platnick 1994a: figs 29, 31)........................................................................................................................................................... C. notabilis (Mello-Leitão, 1939) 6. Tegulum round or oval, large, length greater than or equal to cymbium length (Fig. 3E–G).......... 7 – Tegulum pear-shaped, small, length shorter than cymbium (Fig. 1E–G)........ C. alejandroi sp. nov. 7. Tegulum round, embolus with very thin and long tip and small opening (Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz 2013: figs 5, 7–9)................................................... C. papamanga Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2013 – Tegulum oval, embolus with thick, short and sharp tip and large opening (Fig. 3E–G)............................................................................................................................................. C. bochalema sp. nov. 8. Embolus base anteriorly directed (Fig. 3H–J).................................................................................. 9 – Embolus base posteriorly directed (Platnick 1994a: figs 39–41).............. C. paramo Platnick, 1994 9. Tegulum pear-shaped, small; palpal femur with dorsal tubercle.................................................... 10 – Tegulum oval, large; palpal femur without dorsal tubercle (Platnick 1994a: figs 26– 28)................................................................................................................ C. alegre Platnick, 1994 10. Palpal femur with a pronounced dorsal tubercle; cymbium very thick with pronounced curvature and squared tip (Platnick 1994a: figs 36–38)................................................. C. chilensis Platnick, 1994 – Palpal femur with a moderate dorsal tubercle; cymbium cylindrical with moderate curvature and rounded tip (Fig. 3H–J)............................................................. C. huila sp. nov. (females unknown) 11. Internal genitalia with concave or straight sclerotization around spiracles on posterior plate (Platnick 1994a: figs 24–25, 35).................................................................................................................... 12 – Internal genitalia with convex sclerotization around spiracles on posterior plate (Platnick 1994a: figs 32–34)...................................................................................................................................... 14 12. Sclerotization around spiracles on posterior plate concave; pair of sclerotized bars with anterolateral extensions (Platnick 1994a: figs 24, 35)......................................................................................... 13 – Sclerotization around spiracles on posterior plate straight; pair of sclerotized bars without anterolateral extensions (Platnick 1994a: fig. 25)............................................... C. notabilis (Mello-Leitão, 1939) 13. Sclerotization around spiracles on posterior plate broad; pair of sclerotized bars anteriorly widened, with long and thin anterolateral extensions (Platnick 1994a: fig. 35)... C. chinacota Platnick, 1994 – Sclerotization around spiracles on posterior plate narrow; pair of sclerotized bars anteriorly narrow, with short and thick anterolateral extensions (Platnick 1994a: fig. 24)....... C. alegre Platnick, 1994 14. Anterolateral extensions on the pair of sclerotized bars elongated, size reaching at least a third or more of the pair of sclerotized bars (Figs 1I, 2E; Platnick 1994a: fig. 33)..................................... 15 – Anterolateral extensions on the pair of sclerotized bars absent or short, size not reaching a fifth of the pair of sclerotized bars (Platnick 1994a: figs 32, 34)............................................................... 16 15 Sclerotization around spiracles touching at middle of abdomen, forming a single piece of sclerotization; pair of sclerotized bars broad with club-shaped anterolateral extensions fused in the apical third of the pair of sclerotized bars (Platnick 1994a: fig. 33).... C. cajabamba Platnick, 1994 – Sclerotization around spiracles not touching; pair of sclerotized bars narrow with elongated, thin, boomerang-shaped anterolateral extensions fused from the base to the middle of the pair of sclerotized bars (Figs 1H–I, 2D–E)................................................................. C. alejandroi sp. nov. 16. Sclerotization around spiracles not touching (Platnick 1994a: figs 32; Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz 2013: fig. 10)................................................................................................................................... 17 – Sclerotization around spiracles touching at middle of abdomen, forming a single piece of sclerotization (Platnick 1994a: fig. 34)............................................................................ C. paramo Platnick, 1994 17 Pair of sclerotized bars wide and dorsolaterally folded; anterolateral extensions absent (Platnick 1994a: fig. 32).......................................................................................... C. chilensis Platnick, 1994 – Pair of sclerotized bars narrow, with club-shaped apical ends; anterolateral extensions very short (Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz 2013: fig. 10)............. C. papamanga Brescovit & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2013, Published as part of Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Martínez, Leonel & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2022, An update on the spider genus Caponina Simon (Araneae: Caponiidae) with descriptions of three new six-eyed species from Colombia, pp. 87-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 on pages 89-91, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1735, http://zenodo.org/record/6468222, {"references":["Simon E. 1892. On the spiders of the island of St. Vincent. Part 1. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 59 (4): 549 - 575.","Platnick N. I. 1994 a. A revision of the spider genus Caponina (Araneae, Caponiidae). American Museum Novitates 3100: 1 - 15.","Kranz-Baltensperger Y, Platnick N. I. & Duperre N. 2009. A new genus of the spider family Caponiidae (Araneae, Haplogynae) from Iran. American Museum Novitates 3656: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 675.1","Brescovit A. D. & Sanchez-Ruiz A. 2013. The first species of the genus Caponina from Brazilian Amazonia (Araneae: Caponiidae). Zootaxa 3640: 296 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3640.2.11"]}

Caponina bochalema sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BA7CAE1E-4648-4752-8746-6843C88ED929 Figs 3A–B, E–G, 4A–C, 5E–F, 6B Diagnosis Males of Caponina bochalema sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other Colombian species by having a small, acuminated cymbium, a large and oval tegulum (size greater than cymbium length), and an embolus with a short and needle-shaped tip (Figs 3E–G, 4A–C). Etymology The specific epithet is a toponymic, referring to the type locality. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Santander Department, Municipality of Bochalema, Parque Nacional Natural Tamá, Finca Campesina; 7°31′53.14′′ N, 72°19′23.94′′ W; alt. 1450–1600 m; 30 Apr. 2004; E. González leg.; IAvH-I 3757. Description Male (holotype, IAvH-I 3757) COLORATION. Carapace pale orange (Figs 3A, 5E). Chelicerae, endites, labium, sternum and legs pale orange (Figs 3B, 5F). Abdomen pale beige (Fig. 3A–B), covered by many brown and short setae, epigastric region pale orange. Spinnerets pale beige. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.18, carapace 1.25 long, 1.08 wide, 0.29 high, sternum 0.80 long, 0.71 wide, legs: I: 3.44; II: 3.29; III: 3.00; IV: 4.07, abdomen 2.15 long. MORPHOLOGY. Carapace flat with soft cuticle. Six eyes, AME largest, dark, separated by about half their diameter, ALE pale translucent and smaller than AME, PLE pale translucent and smaller than ALE. Palpal femur with dorsal tubercle and small prolateral stridulatory pick (Fig. 3E); cymbium very small and pointed, tegulum very large and oval, with long and thin embolus directed anteriorly protruding ventrally from approximately middle surface of tegulum, embolus tip short and sharp (Figs 3E–G, 4A– C). Female Unknown. Distribution Known only from the type locality (Fig. 6B).

Medionops carolinae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD71F419-D3D8-4CED-AD43-08785FB0C57D Figs 2, 6, 7B, 8C–F Diagnosis Males resemble those of M. blades in having a similar copulatory bulb shape, but can be distinguished by the accentuate curvature on the embolus tip (straighter in M. blades) and by the tegulum ½ as long as the cymbium (Figs 2E–F, 7B) (½ as long in M. blades, Figs 1E–F, 7A). Females of M. carolinae sp. nov. differ from those of M. blades by the narrow, triangular area below the genital opening (Fig. 2G) (wider and concave in M. blades, Fig. 1G). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of Carolina Gomez, director of the collections of the Institute Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Boyacá department, Sutamarchán; 5°45′1″ N, 73°40′2″ W; alt. 3220 m; 9–11 Apr. 2003; E. González and C. Reina leg.; IAvH-I 3782. Paratypes COLOMBIA – Boyacá department • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IAvH-I 3781 • 1 ♀; Sector Carrizal, Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque; 5°42′13″ N, 73°27′18″ W; alt. 2910 m; 4–11 Nov. 2006; J. Arias and P. Delgado leg.; IAvH-I 3771 • 1 ♂; Arcabuco, Vereda Rupavita; 5°44′26.5″ N, 73°23′2.3″ W; alt. 3340 m; 25–27 Fev. 2015; Y. Cifuentes and D. Espejo leg.; IAvH-I 3343. Description Male (holotype, Figs 2A–B, E–F, 7B) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.94. Carapace 2.01 long, 1.49 wide. Sternum 1.23 long, 1.02 wide. Legs: I: 4.61; II: 4.59; III: 3.91; IV: 5.82. COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, labium and endites reddish (Fig. 2A–B). Palps and legs light orange. Abdomen dorsally dark gray with dorsal pattern formed by five wide light chevron stripes, medially joined by thin longitudinal band; ventrally whitish gray (Fig. 2A–B). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista absent or unnoticeable; gladius with common nopine shape. Palp with small globose tegulum and embolus slightly curved anteriorly, tip with accentuated curvature with subdistal modification and beveled opening (Figs 2E–F, 7B, G). Female (paratype, Fig. 2C–D, G–H) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.91. Carapace 2.11 long, 1.74 wide. Sternum 1.33 long, 1.08 wide. Legs: I: 5.01; II: 4.36; III: 3.51; IV: 5.74. COLORATION. As in the male (Fig. 2C–D). GENITALIA. External genitalia with narrow, triangular area below genital opening (Fig. 2G); internal genitalia not studied (internal membranous structures completely destroyed during enzymatic digestion, Fig. 2H). Variation Males (n = 3): total length: 4.72–4.94; carapace length: 2.01–2.05. Natural history All types were collected with pitfall traps baited with human excrement, used to collect dung beetles and ants, mainly in frailejón plants (Espeletia grandiflora Humb. & Bonpl.) and grassland. Specimens belonging to ant-eating spiders such as Zodariidae Thorell, 1881 were collected together with Medionops in large numbers, probably due to the high availability of prey. Aspects on the natural history of Nopinae spiders are poorly known and only a few studies on the trophic specialization of Nops have been done (see García et al. 2018; Teruel & Sánchez-Ruiz 2000). These studies highlight the remarkable preference of some nopine species for feeding on arachnids (little scorpions and other spiders). Although no detailed studies have been conducted, the adhesive membranous structures (crista and gladius) on the first two pairs of nopine legs are pobably involved in the prey capture process. Distribution Known only from Boyacá department, Colombia (Fig. 6). Remarks The holotype was found in a high Andean humid forest (Fig. 8C–D) and the female paratype was found in a protected area (Sanctuary of Flora and Fauna Iguaque) where human intervention is limited (Fig. 8E–F). The record of this female specimen is separated by only 24 km from the type locality and 8 km from the most distant examined specimen located outside the type locality. The height above sea level between type and female localities hardly differs by about 300 m and even the environments are very similar in both locations (Fig 8C–F). We tentatively matched this female with males from the type locality by similarities in the coloration pattern, but confirmation of this association will be possible only when more samples come to light. We believe that proposing this doubtful association is preferable to making available a possibly unnecessary specific name., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, The spider genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit (Araneae: Caponiidae) in Colombia, with the description of four new species, pp. 61-79 in European Journal of Taxonomy 773 on pages 65-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1511, http://zenodo.org/record/5536387, {"references":["Garcia L. F., Viera C. & Pekar S. 2018. Comparison of the capture efficiency, prey processing, and nutrient extraction in a generalist and a specialist spider predator. The Science of Nature 105 (3): 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 018 - 1555 - z","Teruel R. & Sanchez-Ruiz A. 2000. Nota sobre la depredacion de un escorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) sobre una arana (Araneae: Caponiidae). In: Maceira D. & Fong A. (eds) Biodiversidad de Cuba Oriental 4: 82 - 83. Editorial Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, La Habana."]}

Medionops luiscarlosi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 96AC990B-8993-478A-A4FD-2BEE997C0347 Figs 4, 6, 7D Diagnosis Males resemble those of M. santarosa sp. nov. in having a similar copulatory bulb shape, but can be distinguished by the embolus length more than 3 × the maximum tegular width, with pointed tip (Figs 4E–F, 7D) (shorter, with truncated tip in M. santarosa sp. nov., Figs 5C–D, 7E). Females are distinguished from those of all other species by the flat median concavity on the receptaculum (Fig. 4H). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of Luis Carlos Gutierrez, an unforgettable professor from the Universidad del Atlántico in Colombia who passed away in 2021. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Caldas department, Pensilvania, Berlín; 5°21′08″ N, 75°11′10″ W; alt. 2750 m; 24–26 Jul. 2004; E. González and L. Arango leg.; IAvH-I 3361. Paratypes COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; Caldas department, Pensilvania, Finca La Cabaña; 5°22′05″ N, 75°10′12″ W; alt. 2650 m; 30 Jul.–Aug. 2004; E. González, L. Arango and J. Montes leg.; IAvH-I 3352 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IAvH-I 3772. Description Male (holotype, Figs 4A–B, E–F, 7D) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.65. Carapace 1.60 long, 1.21 wide. Sternum 0.98 long, 0.81 wide. Legs: I: 3.68; II: 3.45; III: 2.89; IV: 3.84. COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, palps and legs orange (Fig. 4A); coxae and trochanters lighter (Fig. 4B). Endites, labium and sternum light orange (Fig. 4B). Abdomen dorsally with dorsal pattern of five small, thin, whitish gray chevron stripes, not extending laterally (Fig. 4A); ventrally yellowish gray (Fig. 4B). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista unnoticeable; gladius with common nopine shape. Palps with spherical tegulum with small projection on posterior side, embolus length more than 3 × the maximum width of tegulum, with pointed tip (Figs 4E–F, 7D), tip of embolus slightly curved and sharp, with small opening. Female (paratype, Fig. 4C–D, G–H) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.49. Carapace 1.92 long, 1.42 wide. Sternum 1.10 long, 0.85 wide. Legs: I: 4.13; II: 3.82; III: 3.31; IV: 4.53. COLORATION. As in male (Fig. 4C–D). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista and gladius as in male. External genitalia with white triangular area below genital opening (Fig. 4G), internal genitalia with flat median concavity on receptaculum (Fig. 4H). Variation Males (n = 2): total length: 3.35–3.65; carapace length: 1.60–1.72. Distribution Known from two localities in Caldas department, Colombia (Fig. 6). Remark All type specimens were collected with pitfall traps.

Medionops luiscarlosi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 96AC990B-8993-478A-A4FD-2BEE997C0347 Figs 4, 6, 7D Diagnosis Males resemble those of M. santarosa sp. nov. in having a similar copulatory bulb shape, but can be distinguished by the embolus length more than 3 × the maximum tegular width, with pointed tip (Figs 4E–F, 7D) (shorter, with truncated tip in M. santarosa sp. nov., Figs 5C–D, 7E). Females are distinguished from those of all other species by the flat median concavity on the receptaculum (Fig. 4H). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in honor of Luis Carlos Gutierrez, an unforgettable professor from the Universidad del Atlántico in Colombia who passed away in 2021. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Caldas department, Pensilvania, Berlín; 5°21′08″ N, 75°11′10″ W; alt. 2750 m; 24–26 Jul. 2004; E. González and L. Arango leg.; IAvH-I 3361. Paratypes COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; Caldas department, Pensilvania, Finca La Cabaña; 5°22′05″ N, 75°10′12″ W; alt. 2650 m; 30 Jul.–Aug. 2004; E. González, L. Arango and J. Montes leg.; IAvH-I 3352 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IAvH-I 3772. Description Male (holotype, Figs 4A–B, E–F, 7D) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.65. Carapace 1.60 long, 1.21 wide. Sternum 0.98 long, 0.81 wide. Legs: I: 3.68; II: 3.45; III: 2.89; IV: 3.84. COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, palps and legs orange (Fig. 4A); coxae and trochanters lighter (Fig. 4B). Endites, labium and sternum light orange (Fig. 4B). Abdomen dorsally with dorsal pattern of five small, thin, whitish gray chevron stripes, not extending laterally (Fig. 4A); ventrally yellowish gray (Fig. 4B). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista unnoticeable; gladius with common nopine shape. Palps with spherical tegulum with small projection on posterior side, embolus length more than 3 × the maximum width of tegulum, with pointed tip (Figs 4E–F, 7D), tip of embolus slightly curved and sharp, with small opening. Female (paratype, Fig. 4C–D, G–H) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.49. Carapace 1.92 long, 1.42 wide. Sternum 1.10 long, 0.85 wide. Legs: I: 4.13; II: 3.82; III: 3.31; IV: 4.53. COLORATION. As in male (Fig. 4C–D). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista and gladius as in male. External genitalia with white triangular area below genital opening (Fig. 4G), internal genitalia with flat median concavity on receptaculum (Fig. 4H). Variation Males (n = 2): total length: 3.35–3.65; carapace length: 1.60–1.72. Distribution Known from two localities in Caldas department, Colombia (Fig. 6). Remark All type specimens were collected with pitfall traps., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, The spider genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit (Araneae: Caponiidae) in Colombia, with the description of four new species, pp. 61-79 in European Journal of Taxonomy 773 on pages 71-73, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1511, http://zenodo.org/record/5536387

Genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 Updated key to the species of Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 1. Abdomen dorsally with remarkable pattern of gray chevrons or stains (Figs 1A, C, 2A, C, 3A).... 2 – Abdomen dorsally with unremarkable pattern of very fine gray chevron lines, almost unnoticeable (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: figs 17a–b, 20a)........................................................................ 10 2. Abdomen dorsally with five pairs of irregular dark gray stains forming two longitudinal bands (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: figs 18a–b, 10a).......................................................................... 3 – Abdomen dorsally with five whitish gray chevron stripes, which decrease in size towards the posterior part of abdomen (Figs 1A, C, 2A, C, 3A)......................................................................... 4 3. Dorsal irregular dark gray stains on abdomen very close to each other, almost touching (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 18a–b); crista very short; body more than 5 mm total length.................................................................................................... M. simla (Chickering, 1967) – Dorsal irregular dark gray stains on abdomen widely separated from each other, not touching (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 10a); crista absent (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 9k); body less than 3 mm total length.............................. M. claudiae Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 4. Gladius absent (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: figs 11c–d, F, 13b–c).................................................................................................................................. M. murici Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 – Gladius present (Dupérré 2014: fig.4; Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: figs 3g, 9k, 15e).............. 5 5. Crista short but noticeable (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 3g, j), reaching at least ¼ or 1 / of 5 metatarsal length............................................................................................................................... 6 – Crista unnoticeable (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 15e–f), only 1 / or less of metatarsal 6 length, or absent................................................................................................................................ 7 6. Males embolus tip with several blade–shaped projections (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 2j– l); female posterior plate with internally projected median septum (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 4j–l)......................................................................... M. blades Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 – Males with smooth embolus tip, without projections (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 7d–e); female posterior plate without internally projected median septum (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 7g –i).................................................................................................... M. cesari (Dupérré, 2014) 7. Abdomen dorsally with pattern of five large, wide whitish gray chevrons, which reach the lateral whitish gray spots (Figs 2A, C, 3A), ventrally with a pair of longitudinal stripes occupying only the posterior third of the abdomen (Figs 2B, D, 3B); males with bulb greater than patella length (Fig. 2E–F)........................................................................................................................................ 8 – Abdomen dorsally with pattern of five small, narrow whitish gray chevrons, that never reach the lateral whitish gray spots (Figs 4A, C, 5A), ventrally without a pair of longitudinal stripes (Figs 4B, D, 5B); males with bulb equal to or smaller than the patella length (Fig. 4E–F)............................. 9 8. Embolus slightly curved anteriorly, tip with accentuated curvature (Fig. 2E–F)..................................................................................................................................... M. carolinae sp. nov. (only males) – Embolus strongly angled at base and slightly sinuous (Figs 3C–D, 7C), tip almost straight (Fig. 3C– D)....................................................................................................... M. cauca sp. nov. (only males) 9. Embolus more than 3 × the maximum tegular width, tip pointed (Fig. 4E–F)....................................................................................................................................... M. luiscarlosi sp. nov. (only males) – Embolus less than 3 × the maximum tegular width, tip truncated (Fig. 5C–D)...................................................................................................................................... M. santarosa sp. nov. (only males) 10. Crista short but noticeable, not reaching one fourth of metatarsal length; body more than 4.5 mm total length;males with embolus length more than3×the maximum diameter of the tegulum(Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 19g –h), known only from Venezuela M. tabay Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 – Crista unnoticeable (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 15d–f); body less than 3.5 mm total length; males with embolus length over less than 3 × the maximum diameter of the tegulum (Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: fig. 16a–b), known only from southeast coast of Brazil.......................................................................... M. ramirezi Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017, Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, The spider genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit (Araneae: Caponiidae) in Colombia, with the description of four new species, pp. 61-79 in European Journal of Taxonomy 773 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1511, http://zenodo.org/record/5536387

Medionops cauca sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A686E3FD-E3A4-4093-8BCD-6B3DE54C6B50 Figs 3, 6, 7C Diagnosis Males of M. cauca sp. nov. are readily recognized from other species of Medionops by the embolus strongly angled at the base and slightly sinuous (Figs 3C–D, 7C). Females unknown. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the type locality ‘ Cauca department’; noun in apposition. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Cauca department, Parque Natural Nacional Isla Gorgona, Antigua Laguna Claro; 2°58′ N, 78°11′ W; alt. 70 m; 11 Apr. 2000; R. Duque leg.; IAvH-I 3788. Description Male (holotype, Figs 3A–D, 7C) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.84. Carapace 1.76 long, 1.34 wide. Sternum 1.06 long, 0.86 wide. Legs: I: 3.61; II: 3.43; III: 2.79; IV: 4.15. COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, palps and legs orange (Fig. 3A); coxae, trochanters and tarsi lighter. Endites and labium light orange (Fig. 3B). Abdomen dorsally dark gray with dorsal pattern formed by five whitish gray chevron stripes, medially joined by thin longitudinal band, and laterally extended as thin stripes; ventrally yellowish (Fig. 3A–B). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista unnoticeable; gladius with common nopine shape. Palp with spherical oval tegulum and slightly sinuous embolus longer than cymbium and strongly angled at base (Figs 3C–D, 7C), with acuminate tip and rounded opening. Female Unknown. Distribution Known only from the type locality in Colombia (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, The spider genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit (Araneae: Caponiidae) in Colombia, with the description of four new species, pp. 61-79 in European Journal of Taxonomy 773 on pages 69-71, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1511, http://zenodo.org/record/5536387

Medionops blades Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2017 Figs 1, 6, 7A, 8A–B Medionops blades Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: 122, figs 1e, 2a–l, 3a–l, 4a–l, 5a–l, 6a–e (♀ ♂). Medionops blades – Sánchez-Ruiz, Brescovit & Bonaldo 2020: 485, fig. 19e (♂). Diagnosis Males resemble those of M. carolinae sp. nov. in having similar copulatory bulb shape, but can be distinguished by the straighter embolus tip and by the size of the tegulum, only ½ as long as the cymbium length (Figs 1E–F, 7A) (in M. carolinae sp. nov., only ⅓ as long, Figs 2E–F, 7B). Females of M. blades differ from those of M. carolinae sp. nov. by the wide, concave area below the genital opening (Fig. 1G) (in M. carolinae sp. nov., narrower and triangular, Fig. 2G). Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Cundimarca department, Páramo de Monserrate, 40 km NE of Bogotá; 4°36′ N, 74°3′ W; alt. 2920 m; 23 Jul. 1968; H. Sturm leg.; AMNH. Paratype COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; AMNH. Additional material COLOMBIA – Boyacá department • 1 ♂; Sotaquirá, Vereda Cuaguaní; 5°48′32.8″ N, 73°15′10.9″ W; alt. 3502 m; 8–10 Jun. 2015; Y. Cifuentes and J. Moreno leg.; IAvH-I 3381 • 1 ♂; Paipa, Parque Municipal Ranchería; 05°51′08.1″ N, 73°08′23.1″ W; alt. 3554 m; 21 Dec. 2014; J. Barrera, M. Castro and S. Mondragón leg.; IAvH-I 3391 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 05°50′56.6″ N, 73°07′46.8″ W; alt. 3390 m; 15–21 Dec. 2014; IAvH-I 3401 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 05°50′57.3″ N, 73°07′46.8″ W; alt. 3392 m; 15–21 Dec. 2014; IAvH-I 3411 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IAvH-I 3382 • 1 ♂; Chaina, Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, Sector Chaina; 5°25′ N, 73°27′ W; alt. 2730 m; 11 Jul. 2001; J. Barrera and B. Robles leg.; IAvH-I 3773 • 1 ♂; Sector Chaina, Quebrada Los Mudos; 5°44′ N, 73°26′ W; alt. 2840 m; 5–9 Oct. 2002; P. Reina leg.; IAvH-I 3774. Natural history The holotype was found in the Andean moorland complex of the eastern hills of Colombia (Fig. 8A–B) which is predominantly populated by plant species such as Espeletia grandiflora Humb. & Bonpl. and Cupressus sp. Description Male and female described by Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit (2017). Variation Males from the Boyacá department population (Fig. 1A–B) have the embolus tip somewhat more curved than those from Cundinamarca department (see images from types in Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit 2017: figs 2h, 6d). Females from the Boyacá population (Fig. 1G) have a narrower and more sclerotized area under the genital opening than those from the Cundinamarca population. Distribution Known from Cundinamarca and Boyacá in Colombia (Fig. 6).

Medionops santarosa sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 41140901-0BFC-4DE2-B12F-9BABADD708A5 Figs 5– 6, 7E Diagnosis Males resemble those of M. luiscarlosi sp. nov. in having a similar copulatory bulb shape but can be distinguished by the embolus length less than 3 × the maximum width of the tegulum, with truncated tip (Figs 5C–D, 7E) (larger, with pointed tip in M. luiscarlosi, Figs 4E–F, 7D). Females unknown. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the type locality ‘Santa Rosa de Cabal’; noun in apposition. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Risaralda department, Parque Municipal Natural Campo Alegre, Santa Rosa de Cabal, Vereda La Linda, Finca La Granja; 4°52′26″ N, 75°31′21″ W; alt. 2490–2659 m; 26–28 Fev. 2004; A. Pulido and Y. Martínez leg.; IAvH-I 3362. Paratypes COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IAvH-I 3371 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IAvH-I 3372. Description Male (holotype, Figs 5A–D, 7E) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.31. Carapace 1.83 long, 1.38 wide. Sternum 1.10 long, 0.85 wide. Legs: I: 4.09; II: 3.75; III: 3.31; IV: 4.81. COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, labium and endites reddish (Fig. 5A). Palps and legs light orange (Fig. 5B). Abdomen dorsally dark gray, with dorsal pattern of five small, thin, whitish gray chevron stripes, not extending laterally (Fig. 5A); ventrally yellowish gray (Fig. 5B). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista unnoticeable; gladius with the common nopine shape. Palp with spherical tegulum; embolus length less than 3 × the maximum width of the tegulum, with truncated tip (Figs 5C– D, 7E) and rounded opening. Female Unknown. Variation Males (n = 3): total length: 3.74–4.31; carapace length: 1.73–1.83. Distribution Known only from the type locality in Colombia (Fig. 6).

Medionops santarosa sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 41140901-0BFC-4DE2-B12F-9BABADD708A5 Figs 5– 6, 7E Diagnosis Males resemble those of M. luiscarlosi sp. nov. in having a similar copulatory bulb shape but can be distinguished by the embolus length less than 3 × the maximum width of the tegulum, with truncated tip (Figs 5C–D, 7E) (larger, with pointed tip in M. luiscarlosi, Figs 4E–F, 7D). Females unknown. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the type locality ‘Santa Rosa de Cabal’; noun in apposition. Type material Holotype COLOMBIA • ♂; Risaralda department, Parque Municipal Natural Campo Alegre, Santa Rosa de Cabal, Vereda La Linda, Finca La Granja; 4°52′26″ N, 75°31′21″ W; alt. 2490–2659 m; 26–28 Fev. 2004; A. Pulido and Y. Martínez leg.; IAvH-I 3362. Paratypes COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IAvH-I 3371 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IAvH-I 3372. Description Male (holotype, Figs 5A–D, 7E) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.31. Carapace 1.83 long, 1.38 wide. Sternum 1.10 long, 0.85 wide. Legs: I: 4.09; II: 3.75; III: 3.31; IV: 4.81. COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, sternum, labium and endites reddish (Fig. 5A). Palps and legs light orange (Fig. 5B). Abdomen dorsally dark gray, with dorsal pattern of five small, thin, whitish gray chevron stripes, not extending laterally (Fig. 5A); ventrally yellowish gray (Fig. 5B). LEGS AND PALPS. Crista unnoticeable; gladius with the common nopine shape. Palp with spherical tegulum; embolus length less than 3 × the maximum width of the tegulum, with truncated tip (Figs 5C– D, 7E) and rounded opening. Female Unknown. Variation Males (n = 3): total length: 3.74–4.31; carapace length: 1.73–1.83. Distribution Known only from the type locality in Colombia (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Martínez, Leonel, Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, The spider genus Medionops Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit (Araneae: Caponiidae) in Colombia, with the description of four new species, pp. 61-79 in European Journal of Taxonomy 773 on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1511, http://zenodo.org/record/5536387

Tupirinna cruzes sp. nov. Figs 6A, B, 15A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E57F7CD2-82F6-472E-A4F6-44C13683990E Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Parque Natural Municipal Serra do Itapety (01°36’44.7”S, 56°11’39.2”W), Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil, leg. Equipe Biota, pitfall trap (IBSP 54625). Paratypes: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Salesopólis, Estação Ecológica Boraceia (23°37’51”S, 45°52’11”W), 9–11.VII.2005, leg. Curso USP, collected in bromeliads, 1♀ (IBSP 55155); Same locality, 8–10.XI.1942, leg. B. Soares, 1♀ (MZUSP 10719); Biritiba-Mirim, Barragem do Rio Biritiba (23°34’53”S, 45°58’19”W), 10–15.V.2003, leg. Equipe Biota, 1♀ (IBSP 117453); Mogi das Cruzes, Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety (23°29’16”S, 46°11’43”W), leg. Equipe Biota, pitfall trap, 1♂ (IBSP 54654); Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica Jureia Itatins (24°22’50”S, 47°04’42”W), 17–21.III.1997, leg. A.D. Brescovit et al., 1♂ (IBSP 9583); São Bernardo do Campo, Clube de Campo São Camilo (23°45’43”S, 46°33’46”W), leg. C.V. Janini et al., pitfall trap, 3♀ (IBSP 136554); Ubatuba, Praia do Sono, Reserva de Juatinga (23°20’06”S, 44°37’44”W), 7–17.VI.2002, leg. I. Cizauskas & A.G. Sugimoto, 1♂ (IBSP 43423); Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Tijuca (22°57’47”S, 43°14’40”W), I.1974, leg. M. Alvarenga, 1♂ (AMNH); Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Lagoa do Peri (27°43’S, 48°32’W), 2007, leg. M.I.M. Hernández, pitfall trap, 1♀ (IBSP 117338); Florianópolis (27°35’49”S, 48°32’56”W), 12.II.2007, leg. R.S. Melo, 1♂ (IBSP 72661); Urussanga, Rio Molha (28°31’04”S, 49°19’15”W), 4–11.IX.2007, leg. R. Teixeira, 1♂ (IBSP 133895). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition after the type locality. Diagnosis. Males of Tupirinna cruzes sp. nov. resemble those of T. caraca sp. nov. and T. una sp. nov. by the TEP parallel in relation to the embolus, but differ by the small dorsal lobe of the RTA, which has an acute tip, and by the long, filiform TEP (Fig. 15A, B). Females share with those of T. caraca sp. nov. and T. oba sp. nov. the epigynal plate with transverse posterior ridges, but can be readily recognized by the procurved posterior transverse ridges (Fig. 15C, D). Description. Male holotype (IBSP 54625). Carapace brownish-orange, with dark brown median stripe gradually lighter and narrowly extending over ocular area, and black lateral stripes. Chelicerae brown. Labium brown. Endites yellow. Sternum yellow, with borders brown and anterior lateral excavations dark brown. Legs yellow, with lateral surfaces of patellae (proximal region), tibiae (proximal and distal regions) and distal region of metatarsi black. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with two pairs of longitudinal black spots in cardiac area; in median region, two pairs of black spots on each side; subsequently two black spots in middle, followed by a semicircular black spot. Contour of spinnerets black; venter yellow (Fig. 6A). Total length 5.43. Carapace length 2.53, width 2.11, height 1.18. Clypeus height 0.21. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.74, posterior row 0.62, MOQ: length 0.33, anterior width 0.36, posterior width 0.41, AME 0.16, PME 0.13, ALE 0.10, PLE 0.11, AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.03. Chelicerae: length 1.41 with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.34, width 1.31. Leg I: femur (fe) 2.59, patella (pa) 0.83, tibia (ti) 1.34, metatarsus (mt) 2.22, tarsus (ta) 1.10. II: fe 2.51, pa 0.84, ti 2.30, mt 2.28, ta 0.98. III: fe 2.51, pa 0.88, ti 1.93, mt 2.45, ta 2.46. IV: fe 1.12, pa 0.98, ti 2.56, mt 3.57, ta 0.92. Abdomen: length 2.77, width 1.77. Leg spination: No leg I. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2- 2-0; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-2; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. Palp: tibia longer than half cymbial length; ventral lobe of retrolateral tibial apophysis with apical spur; dorsal lobe present, tapered apically; ventral tibial apophysis with two apical processes; embolus long, embolar basal process present; tegular process absent (Fig. 15A, B). Female paratype (IBSP 55155). Carapace orange, with brown median stripe extending over ocular area, and black lateral stripes. Chelicerae brown. Labium brown. Endites yellow. Sternum yellow, with borders and anterior lateral excavations brown. Legs pale brown, except femora yellow, with proximal region of lateral surfaces of tibiae black. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with two pairs of longitudinal black spots in cardiac area; in median region, two pairs of black spots on each side; subsequently one huge black spot, with two yellow spots in middle. Contour of spinnerets black; venter yellow (Fig. 6B). Total length 5.44. Carapace length 2.32, width 1.94, height 0.74. Clypeus height 0.20. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.64, posterior row 0.73, MOQ: length 0.26, anterior width 0.35, posterior width 0.40, AME 0.09, PME 0.12, ALE 0.11, PLE 0.13, AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.01, ALE-PLE 0.02. Chelicerae: length 1.02 with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.26, width 1.20. Leg I: femur (fe) 1.90, patella (pa) 0.83, tibia (ti) 1.88, metatarsus (mt) 1.60, tarsus (ta) 0.87. II: fe 1.68, pa 0.79, ti 1.58, mt 0.93, ta 0.94. III: fe 1.95, pa 0.78, ti 1.57, mt 1.59, ta 0.87. IV: fe 2.62, pa 0.71, ti 2.03, mt 2.74, ta 0.98. Abdomen: length 2.79, width 2.35. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus p1-0-0, r1-0-0, v2-2-2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1- 1-0, r1-1-0, v1-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2. Epigynum: copulatory opening medially positioned; vulval plate weakly developed; secondary spermathecae present (Fig. 15C, D). Variation. Lengths (3♂) total 5.06–5.19, carapace 2.03-2.49, femur I 1.80–2.39; (3♀) total 4.70–6.43, carapace 2.13 2.70, femur I 1.76–2.35. Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Cachoeiras do Macacu, Reserva Ecológica Guapiaçu (22°27’12”S, 42°46’12”W), 11.III.2001, leg. R. Baptista et al., 2♂ (MNRJ 3018), 1♂ used in SEM. Distribution. States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil (Fig. 27).

Tupirinna urucu sp. nov. Figs 7E, 13E, F urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7B30C2A3-CACF-4DB8-8841-92D886D3D55A Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Base de Operações Geólogo Pedo de Moura (04°52’07.6’’S, 65°15’53.6’’W), Porto Urucu, Coari, Amazonas, Brazil, 1.X.2004, leg. A.B. Bonaldo, D.F. Candiani & J.A. Marin-Fernandes, pitfall traps (MPEG 35483). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition after the type locality. Diagnosis. Males of Tupirinna urucu sp. nov. differ from those of other species with the ventral lobe of the RTA divided basally (T. coari sp. nov. and T. zebra sp. nov.), as follows: from those of T. coari sp. nov. by the conical, elongated embolus, which is directed retro-apically (Fig. 13E, F), and from those of T. zebra by the lamellate dorsal process of the VL, which is sub-rectangular in ventral view. Description. Male holotype (MPEG 35483). Carapace orange, with brown median stripe extending over ocular area, and dark brown stripes laterally. Chelicerae dark brown. Labium brown. Endites brown. Sternum yellow, with borders and anterior lateral excavations brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with two longitudinal brown spots, connected in posterior region; followed by huge brown subretangular spot. Contour of spinnerets brown; venter white, with brown rectangular spot (Fig. 7E). Total length 4.65. Carapace length 2.20, width 2.02, height 1.07. Clypeus height 0.23. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.68, posterior row 0.79, MOQ: length 0.41, anterior width 0.40, posterior width 0.43, AME 0.16, PME 0.15, ALE 0.16, PLE 0.14, AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.13, ALE-PLE 0.07. Chelicerae: length 1.19, with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.18, width 1.21. Leg I: femur (fe) 2.19, patella (pa) 0.89, tibia (ti) 2.32, metatarsus (mt) 2.25, tarsus (ta) 0.93. II: fe 2.18, pa 0.72, ti 2.20, mt 2.19, ta 1.11. III: fe 2.32, pa 0.84, ti 2.07, mt 2.38, ta 1.19. IV: fe 2.60, pa 0.71, ti 2.14, mt 3.12, ta 1.11. Abdomen: length 2.31, width 1.39. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0- 1-1, r0-1-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. Palp: tibia longer than half cymbial length; ventral lobe of retrolateral tibial apophysis with apical spur; dorsal lobe absent; ventral tibial apophysis subquadrangular, curved apically; embolus long, embolar basal process present; tegular process absent (Fig. 13E, F). Female: Unknown Material examined. Only the type material. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 25).

Tupirinna platnicki sp. nov. Figs 3E, F, 10A–D, 18A–F urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7821F7F5-C328-4965-8BC4-E61EB2BEE793 Type material. Holotype: ♂ from 18 km east of Itaituba (04°16’09”S, 55°59’23”W), Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 8– 17.IV.1985, leg. N. Degallier (MPEG 35471). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Pará: Portel, Igarapé Caquajó, Plote PPBio, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (01°57’38.9’’S, 51°36’45.3’’W), 10.V.2005, leg. D.F. Candiani, 1♀ (MPEG 35473); Altamira, 18 km east of Itaituba (04°16’09”S, 55°59’23”W), 8–17.IV.1985, leg. N. Degallier, 1♂ (MPEG 35472); Melgaço, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (01°47’32.7”S, 51°25’59.2”W), 2.VI.2006, leg. E.J. Sales, beating tray, 1♀ (MPEG 35475); Same locality (01°44’14.67”S, 51°27’18.84”W), 18.IV.2006, leg. C.A. Souza, beating tray, 1♀ (MPEG 35474). Note. Males and females were collected in the same phytophysiognomy (Terra Firme Forest) but nearly 180 km apart. They are tentatively matched by similarities in the coloration pattern, but confirmation of this association will be only possible when more samples come to light. We believe that proposing this doubtful association is preferable than making available a possibly unnecessary specific name. Etymology. The specific name is a patronym honoring the late Norman I. Platnick, for his enormous contribution to the field of Systematics. Diagnosis. Males of Tupirinna platnicki sp. nov. resemble those of T. mutum sp. nov. by the presence of a subapical embolar reinforcement ring, but can be recognized by the presence of a small sub-apical tegular process inserted apart from embolar base (Fig. 10A). Females resemble those of T. goeldi sp. nov. by the interrupted anterior border of the copulatory opening, but are readily recognized by the posterior border of the copulatory opening being sub-quadrangular (Fig. 10C, D). Description. Male holotype (MPEG 35471). Carapace yellow, with dark brown stripe extending over ocular area, and dark brown lateral stripes. Chelicerae brown. Labium pale brown. Endites pale brown. Sternum and borders yellowish-white, anterior lateral excavations pale brown. Legs pale yellow, with posterior ventral and lateral surfaces of tibia stained black. Abdomen dorsum white, slightly damaged, with four spots on anterior portion of venter white (Fig. 3E). Total length 4.07. Carapace length 1.96, width 1.59, height 1.00. Clypeus height 0.23. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.50, posterior row 0.55, MOQ: length 0.28, anterior width 0.26, posterior width 0.34, AME 0.09, PME 0.11, ALE 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.03. Chelicerae: length 0.98, with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 0.95, width 0.98. Leg I: femur (fe) 1.66, patella (pa) 0.65, tibia (ti) 1.21, metatarsus (mt) 1.29, tarsus (ta) 0.65. II: fe 1.77, pa 0.65, ti 1.50, mt 1.29, ta 0.65. III: fe 2.01, pa 0.62, ti 1.33, mt 1.71, ta 0.87. IV: fe 2.11, pa 0.65, ti 1.75, mt 2.21, ta 0.96. Abdomen: length 2.02, width 1.50. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-2-0, v2-2-0. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0; r1-1-0; v2-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-1, v2-1-3. Palp: tibia longer than half cymbial length; ventral lobe of retrolateral tibial apophysis with apical spur; dorsal lobe absent; ventral tibial apophysis curved apically retrolateral; embolus short, embolar basal process absent, tegular median process slightly pointed (TMP) (Fig. 10A, B). Female paratype (MPEG 35473). Carapace yellow, with dark brown stripe extending over ocular area, and black stripes laterally. Chelicerae brown. Labium pale brown. Endites pale brown. Sternum and borders yellowishwhite, anterior lateral excavations pale brown. Legs pale yellow, with posterior ventral and lateral surfaces of tibia stained black. Abdomen dorsum grey, with pair of black longitudinal spots in cardiac area; in median region, two pairs of black spots on each side; subsequently a single black transverse spot followed by a smaller black transverse spot. Contour of spinnerets black; venter white (Fig. 3F). Total length 4.86. Carapace length 2.02, width 1.63, height 1.05. Clypeus height 0.2. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.58, posterior row 0.65, MOQ: length 0.28, anterior width 0.31, posterior width 0.38, AME 0.10, PME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PLE 0.11, AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.01. Chelicerae: length 0.92, with 5 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 0.98, width 1.02. Leg I: femur (fe) 1.95, patella (pa) 0.72, tibia (ti) 1.54, metatarsus (mt) 1.47, tarsus (ta) 0.83. II: fe 1.83, pa 0.66, ti 1.61, mt 1.59, ta 0.89. III: fe 1.77, pa 0.53, ti 1.47, mt 1.82, ta 0.83. IV: fe 2.32, pa 0.70, ti 1.86, mt 2.53, ta 0.94. Abdomen: length 2.57, width 1.62. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-1-0; tibia d0-0-1, p0-0-1, r1-0-0, v2-2-2. III – femur d1-1-1; p0-1-1; r0-1-1; tibia d0-0-1; p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-0. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0-1-0, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-2; metatarsus d2-0-0, p1-1-0, 1-1-0, v2-2-1. Epigynum: copulatory opening anteriorly positioned; posterior vulval plate well developed; secondary spermathecae absent (Figs 10C, D, 18 A–F). Variation. Lengths: (2♂) total 4.41, carapace 2.13, femur I 1.89; (3♀) total 4.73–4.84, carapace 1.84–2.02, femur I 1.80-1.96. Additional material examined. Brazil: Pará: Melgaço, Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (01°44’18.02”S 51°27’48.01”W), 11–20.VII.1998, leg. B. Silva, 1♀ (MPEG 3260). Distribution. State of Pará, Brazil (Fig. 25)., Published as part of Xavier, Cláudia & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, Taxonomic revision of the genus Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), pp. 201-250 in Zootaxa 5004 (2) on pages 217-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5123398

Tupirinna araguaia sp. nov. Figs 3C, D, 9E–H urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8E4171F3-EDCD-4F4F-AA41-E1AB41D5B0BE Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Serra das Andorinhas (06°13’10.47”S, 48°26’17.97”W), São Geraldo do Araguaia, Pará, Brazil, 30.X–7.XI.2011, leg. A.B. Bonaldo et al., collected with pitfall traps (MPEG 35480). Paratypes: Same data as the holotype, 1♀ (MPEG 35481), 1♂ (MPEG 35482). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition after the type locality. Diagnosis. Males of Tupirinna araguaia sp. nov. differ from those of all other species with ventral lobe of RTA not divided basaly (T. rosae, T. platnicki sp. nov., T. regiae sp. nov. and T. mutum sp. nov.) by the tegulum strongly pronounced retrolaterally and by the absence of an apical tegular projection (Fig. 9E, F). Females resemble those of T. mutum sp. nov. by the rounded copulatory opening but can be recognized by the concave posterior margin of the epigynal plate (Fig. 9G, H). Description. Male holotype (MPEG 35480). Carapace yellow, with brown stripe extending over ocular area, and brown lateral stripes. Chelicerae dark brown. Labium brown. Endites brown. Sternum and borders yellow, with anterior lateral excavations brown. Legs yellow, with proximal and distal region of lateral surfaces of tibiae black and lateral surfaces of patellae I and II black. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with one pair of black longitudinal spots in cardiac area; in median region, one pair of black spots on each side followed by three black spots, subsequently one subretangular black spot. Contour of spinnerets black; venter yellow (Fig. 3C). Total length 4.76. Carapace length 2.25, width 1.89, height 0.83. Clypeus length 0.15. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.64, posterior row 0.67, MOQ: length 0.36, anterior width 0.34, posterior width 0.39, AME 0.10, PME 0.10, ALE 0.13, PLE 0.10, AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.80, ALE-PLE 0.04. Chelicerae: length 1.18 with 4 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.14, width 1.03. Leg I: femur (fe) 1.94, patella (pa) 0.89, tibia (ti) 2.00, metatarsus (mt) 1.87, tarsus (ta) 0.86. II: fe 2.04, pa 0.77, ti 1.91, mt 1.76, ta 0.91. III: fe 2.09, pa 0.72, ti 1.57, mt 2.03, ta 0.99. IV: fe 2.50, pa 0.90, ti 2.05, mt 2.89, ta 1.03. Abdomen: length 2.29, width 1.58. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2. Palp: tibia longer than half cymbial length; ventral lobe of retrolateral tibial apophysis with short apical spur; dorsal lobe absent, ventral tibial apophysis curved apically; embolus short; embolar basal process, tegular prolateral process and tegular retrolateral process absent (Fig. 9E, F). Female paratype (MPEG 35481). Carapace yellow, with brown stripe extending over ocular area, and brown lateral stripes. Chelicerae dark brown. Labium brown. Endites brown. Sternum and borders yellow, with anterior lateral excavations brown. Legs yellow, with proximal and distal region of lateral surfaces of tibiae black and lateral surfaces of patellae I and II black. Abdomen dorsum as in male, except last black spot, which is replaced by three subtriangular black spots connected one to another; venter yellow (Fig. 3D). Total length 6.04. Carapace length 2.44, width 1.98, height 0.90. Clypeus length 0.22. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.63, posterior row 0.70, MOQ: length 0.40, anterior width 0.36, posterior width 0.36, AME 0.16, PME 0.15, ALE 0.10, PLE 0.12, AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.06. Chelicerae: length 1.09 with 5 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.14, width 1.20. Leg I: femur (fe) 2.14, patella (pa) 0.76, tibia (ti) 1.84, metatarsus (mt) 1.92, tarsus (ta) 0.96. II: fe 2.10, pa 0.82, ti 1.84, mt 1.88, ta 0.94, pa 0.87, ti 2.09, mt 2.95, ta 1.01. Abdomen: length 3.45, width 2.44. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. No leg III. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2. Epigynum: copulatory opening anteriorly positioned; posterior vulval plate well developed; secondary spermathecae absent (Fig. 9G, H). Variation. Lengths (1♂) total 4.30, carapace 1.98, femur I 2.00. Material examined. Only the type material. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 28)., Published as part of Xavier, Cláudia & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, Taxonomic revision of the genus Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), pp. 201-250 in Zootaxa 5004 (2) on pages 216-217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5123398

Tupirinna coari sp. nov. Figs 4E, F, 12A–D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D522D3C9-C0BF-4165-B85C-B5DA9C58E6CC Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Base de Operações Geólogo Pedro de Moura, Porto Urucu (04°53’04.8’’S, 65°09’12.4’’W), Coari, Amazonas, Brazil, 12.VII.2003, leg. M.C.S. Costa (MPEG 35484). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Same locality as holotype (04°48’56’’S, 65°01’53’’W), 2.IX.2006, leg. D.F. Candiani, 1♀ (MPEG 35513), 1♀ (MPEG 35512). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition after the type locality. Diagnosis. Males of Tupirinna coari sp. nov. resemble those of T. gigantea sp. nov. by the embolus short and directed retrolaterally, and by the long, narrow AS, but can be distinguished by the simple, comma-shaped embolus without an extended tip (Fig. 12A, B). Females resemble those of T. gigantea sp. nov. by the epigynal plate concave, but can be recognized by the copulatory opening positioned anteriorly, surrounded by a dark, rounded spot (Fig. 12C, D). Description. Male holotype (MPEG 35484). Carapace orange, with brown stripe extending over ocular area, and dark brown lateral stripes. Chelicerae dark brown. Labium brown. Endites brown. Sternum yellow, with borders and anterior lateral excavations brown. Legs yellow, with lateral surfaces of patellae black; proximal and distal regions of lateral surfaces of tibiae black. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with pair of black longitudinal spots in cardiac area; in median region one huge subrectangular black spot, with two pairs of yellow spots inside. Contour of spinnerets black; venter yellow, with brown rectangular spot (Fig. 4E). Total length 4.50. Carapace length 2.43, width 1.98, height 1.14. Clypeus height 0.19. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.68, posterior row 0.77, MOQ: length 0.40, anterior width 0.36, posterior width 0.41, AME 0.19, PME 0.14, ALE 0.16, PLE 0.16, AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.12, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.02. Chelicerae: length 1.27 with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.16, width 1.17. Leg I: femur (fe) 2.10, patella (pa) 0.72, tibia (ti) 2.02, metatarsus (mt) 1.67, tarsus (ta) 0.96. II: fe 2.12, pa 0.77, ti 1.80, mt 2.17, ta 1.09. III: fe 2.08, pa 0.70, ti 1.59, mt 2.18, ta 0.98. IV: fe 2.55, pa 0.77, ti 2.03, mt 2.59, ta 1.44. Abdomen: length 2.13, width 1.22. Palp: tibia almost equal to half cymbial length; ventral lobe of retrolateral tibial apophysis with apical spur; dorsal lobe absent; ventral tibial apophysis with median longitudinal protuberance; embolus short, embolar basal process (TEP) present; tegular retrolateral process small, pointed (Fig. 12A, B). Female paratype (MPEG 35513). Carapace yellow, with small black spot on central area, and black lateral stripes. Chelicerae yellow. Labium yellow. Endites yellow. Sternum with borders and anterior lateral excavations brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen dorsum white, with pair of black circular spots followed by black subrectangular transverse spot in cardiac area; followed by four pairs of black transverse spots until end of abdomen; venter white (Fig. 4F). Total length 5.84. Carapace length 2.60, width 2.09, height 0.83. Clypeus length 0.28. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.68, posterior row 0.77, MOQ: length 0.37, anterior width 0.38, posterior width 0.43, AME 0.15, PME 0.16, ALE 0.12, PLE 0.13, AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.03. Chelicerae: length 1.19. Sternum length 1.27, width 1.24. Leg I: femur (fe) 2.12, patella (pa) 0.94, tibia (ti) 1.96, metatarsus (mt) 2.12, tarsus (ta) 1.15. II: fe 2.39, pa 0.89, ti 1.98, mt 2.06, ta 1.17. III: fe 2.50, pa 0.96, ti 2.02, mt 2.19, ta 1.20. IV: fe 2.73, pa 0.96, ti 2.47, mt 3.28, ta 1.40. Abdomen: length 2.85, width 1.97. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2-2-2-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v0-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1. Epigynum: copulatory opening anteriorly positioned; posterior vulval plate well developed; secondary spermathecae absent (Fig. 12C, D). Variation. Lengths (1♂) total 5.12, carapace 2.04, femur I 1.91. Material examined. Only the type material. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 28).

Tupirinna oba sp. nov. Figs 7F, 16E, F urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B8ACC4BC-8B0C-4219-93D0-D0AEA6743460 Type material. Holotype: ♀ from Campus 19° Batalhão Caçadores (14°48’S, 39°02’W), Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, I–VI.2007, leg. D. Uzel et al., pitfall trap (IBSP 135845). Paratype: BRAZIL: Bahia: Lafaiete Coutinho (13°24’24”S, 40°45’42”W), VII.2006 – VII.2007, leg. J. Romão, pitfall trap, 1♀ (IBSP 145525). Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition referring to the goddess Obá, from the Afro-Brazilian religion candomblé. Diagnosis. Females of Tupirinna oba sp. nov. share with those of T. caraca sp. nov. the recurved posterior transversal ridges on epigynal plate, and with those of T. albofasciata and T. palmares sp. nov. the presence of a well-defined median depression in the epigynal plate. They can be distinguished from the former by the larger, subrectangular copulatory opening, and from the latter by the presence of posterior transversal ridges (Fig. 16E, F). Description. Female holotype (IBSP 135845). Carapace orange, with median brown stripe gradually lighter and extending over ocular area, and black lateral stripes. Chelicerae orange. Labium orange. Endites yellow. Sternum and anterior lateral excavations yellow, with borders brown. Legs yellow, with lateral surfaces of patellae black; distal region of lateral surfaces of tibiae black. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with one pair of longitudinal black spots in cardiac area; in median region, two pairs of black spots on each side, followed by one subretangular black spot. Contour of spinnerets black; venter yellow (Fig. 7F). Total length 5.82. Carapace length 2.59, width 2.09, height 1.15. Clypeus height 0.20. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.70, posterior row 0.76, MOQ: length 0.37, anterior width 0.39, posterior width 0.40. AME 0.16, PME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PLE 0.11, AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.03. Chelicerae: length 1.19, with 5 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.34, width 1.36. Leg I: femur (fe) 2.21, patella (pa) 0.72, tibia (ti) 2.13, metatarsus (mt) 1.95, tarsus (ta) 0.90. II: fe 2.24, pa 0.79, ti 1.98, mt 2.02, ta 0.89. III: fe 2.11, pa 0.67, ti 1.67, mt 1.76, ta 0.99. IV: fe 2.65, pa 0.95, ti 2.55, mt 2.41, ta 1.03. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1; p0-1-1; r0-1-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1- 1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2. Abdomen: length 2.90, width 1.87. Epigynum: copulatory opening anteriorly positioned; posterior vulval plate weakly developed; secondary spermathecae present (Fig. 16E, F). Male: Unknown. Variation. Lengths (4♀) total 5.57–6.50, carapace 2.46–2.69, femur I 2.23–2.37. Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Bahia: Salvador, Cabula, Campus 19° Batalhão Caçadores (12°57’27”S, 38°28’10”W), I–VI.2007, leg. D. Uzel et al., pitfall trap, 1♀ (IBSP 135847); Same data, 6–11.VI.2007, 1♀ (IBSP 135430); Uruçuca (14°35′30.33″S, 39°17′04.16″W), 1♀ (IBSP). Distribution. State of Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 27)., Published as part of Xavier, Cláudia & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2021, Taxonomic revision of the genus Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), pp. 201-250 in Zootaxa 5004 (2) on page 236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5123398

Tupirinna lata sp. nov. Figs 5E, F, 14E–H, 22A–L, 23A–F urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 858133A5-E464-4FB8-A6C8-8EA869B5F731 Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Parque Estadual Serra do Japi (23°17”S, 46°59”W), Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, 16.V.2008, leg. J. Sobjack (UFMG 7387). Paratypes: BRAZIL: São Paulo: Same data as holotype, 13.XI.2007, 1♀ (UFMG 7427); Espírito Santo: Apiacá, Fazenda Santa Maria (21°05’17”S, 41°34’27”W), 19.VII.1991, leg. R. Baptista & A.B. Kury, 1♀ (MNRJ 07607); São Mateus, Reserva Florestal do Vale do Rio Doce (19°06’S, 39°45’W), 19–25.VII.1997, leg. A.D. Brescovit et al., 1♂ (IBSP 12996); Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Parque Municipal das Mangabeiras (19°57’14.86”S, 43°54’19.15”W), 5–12.XII.2008, leg. H.H. Santos et al., 1♂ (UFMG 8496); Catas Altas, RPPN Santuário do Caraça (20°5’51”S, 43°29’18”W), 2010, leg. L.N. Perillo, 1♂ (UFMG 6760); Santa Bárbara, RPPN Santuário do Caraça, Pico do Sol (20°3’31.85”S, 43°30’19.72”W), 21.VIII.2010, leg. L.N. Perillo, 5♂ (UFMG 6644); Same data, 15.IX.2010, 2♂ (UFMG 6645); Santa Catarina: Chapecó (27°05’31”S, 52°36’56”W), 4.IX.2009, leg. R.C. Francisco, 1♂ (MCTP 29575), 1♂ (MCTP 29576); Guatambú (27°07’28”S, 52°47’14”W), 4.IX.2009, leg. R.C. Francisco, 1♂ (MCTP 29573); Same data, 12.XII.2013, 1♀ (MCTP 37876); São Paulo: Itapevi (23°32’43”S, 46°55’59”W), I–XII.1999, leg. C. Bertim & V. Onofrio, 1♂ (IBSP 115667); Mairiporã (23°19′10.2″S, 46°35′24.97″W), VIII.1989, leg. L. Borimecico, 1♂ (IBSP 60260); Mogi das Cruzes, Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety (23°30’22”S, 46°11’59”W), 13–18.X.2003, leg. Equipe Biota, pitfall trap, 1♂ (IBSP 55035); São Paulo, Parque Alfredo Volpi (23°35’21”S, 46°42’03”W), 18–25.VII.2005, leg. A. Bagio, pitfall trap, 1♂ (IBSP 59320); São Paulo, Jardim Ângela, Reservatório Guarapiranga, leg. R.P. Indicatti, 1♂ (IBSP 79931); São Paulo, Parque Ilha dos Eucaliptos, Reservatório Guarapiranga (23°40’17”S, 46°43’39”W), 7–13.X.2003, leg. I. Cizauskas & C.R.M. Garcia, pitfall trap, 1♂ (IBSP 62178), 1♂ (IBSP 62179); Same locality, 9–15.IX.1999, leg. R.P. Indicatti, pitfall trap, 1♂ (IBSP 131675). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective meaning wide, in reference to the wide, inverted T-shaped copulatory pouch. Diagnosis. Males of Tupirinna lata sp. nov. resemble those of T. palmares sp. nov. by the TEP dorsal in relation to the embolus, but differ by the presence of a relatively large, medially inserted RTA dorsal lobe and by the narrow-based, spiniform embolus (Fig. 14E, F). Females are readily distinguished from those of all other Tupirinna species by the wide, inverted T-shaped copulatory pouch (Fig. 14G, H). Description. Male holotype (UFMG 7387). Carapace yellow, with brown median stripe extending over ocular area, and brown lateral stripes. Chelicerae yellow. Labium brown. Endites yellow. Sternum yellow, with borders and anterior lateral excavations brown. Legs yellow, with proximal and distal region of lateral surfaces of tibiae and distal region of metatarsi black. Abdomen dorsum grey, with pair of black longitudinal spots in cardiac area; in median region, a pair of black spots on each side, followed by three black transverse spots; subsequently one black transverse spot in middle, followed by one black U-shaped spot. Contour of spinnerets black; venter yellow. Total length 4.66. Carapace length 2.18, width 1.90, height 0.92. Clypeus height 0.11. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.64, posterior row 0.70, MOQ: length 0.34, anterior width 0.36, posterior width 0.39, AME 0.13, PME 0.12, ALE 0.13, PLE 0.11, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.12, ALE-PLE 0.04. Chelicerae: length 1.15, with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.08, width 1.14. Leg I: femur (fe) 1.91, patella (pa) 0.74, tibia (ti) 1.82, metatarsus (mt) 1.60, tarsus (ta) 0.98. II: fe 1.74, pa 0.76, ti 1.75, mt 1.62, ta 0.89. III: fe 1.82, pa 0.75, ti 1.57, mt 1.79, ta 1.04. IV: fe 2.53, pa 0.71, ti 1.89, mt 1.90, ta 0.87. Abdomen: length 2.29, width 1.47. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-2. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v2-2-2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2. Palp: tibia half cymbial length; ventral lobe of retrolateral tibial apophysis without apical spur; dorsal lobe present, short and subquadrangular; ventral tibial apophysis short; embolus short, embolar basal process present; tegular retrolateral process long, rounded (Figs 14E, F, 23A–F). Female paratype (UFMG 7427). Carapace orange, with median brown stripe extending over ocular area, and brown lateral stripes. Chelicerae orange. Labium brown. Endites orange. Sternum yellow, with borders and anterior lateral excavations brown; femora, patellae and tibiae yellow; metatarsi and tarsi orange, with proximal region of patellae, proximal and distal region of lateral surfaces of tibiae and distal region of metatarsi black. Abdomen dorsum yellow, with pair of black longitudinal spots in cardiac area; in median region, two pairs of black spots on each side; followed by one huge black transverse spot divided in the middle. Contour of spinnerets black; venter yellow. Total length 5.45. Carapace length 2.32, width 2.01, height 0.90. Clypeus height 0.13. Eye diameters and interdistances: anterior row 0.61, posterior row 0.66, MOQ: length 0.40, anterior width 0.35, posterior width 0.36, AME 0.14, PME 0.10, ALE 0.12, PLE 0.11, AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.04. Chelicerae: length 0.98, with 5 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum length 1.27, width 1.21. Leg I: femur (fe) 1.96, patella (pa) 0.81, tibia (ti) 1.90, metatarsus (mt) 1.54, tarsus (ta) 0.88. II: fe 2.11, pa 0.86, ti 1.75, mt 1.63, ta 0.93. III: fe 2.01, pa 0.74, ti 1.70, mt 1.72, ta 0.94. IV: fe 2.17, pa 0.84, ti 2.08. Abdomen: length 2.88, width 1.94. Leg spination: I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v3-2-2; metatarsus v2-2-2. II – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-2, metatarsus v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-0. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2, no metatarsus IV. Epigynum: copulatory opening positioned anteriorly; posterior vulval plate weakly developed; secondary spermathecae present (Fig. 14G, H). Variation. Lengths (3♂) total 5.05–5.74, carapace 2.26–2.23, femur I 2.08–2.23; (3♀) total 6.83–7.03, carapace 2.41–2.45, femur I 2.27–2.29. Additional material examined. BRAZIL: São Paulo: Botucatu, Fazenda Butignoli (22°51’26”S, 48°26’02”W), 9.IX.1987, leg. I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti, 1♂ (MZUSP); Fazenda Edgardia (22°49′56.17″S, 48°25′11.89″W), 7.X.1984, leg. I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti, 1♂ (MZUSP); Same data, 10.IX.1987, leg. I.M.P. Rinaldi & L.C. Forti, 1♀ (MZUSP); São Paulo (23°33′41.00″S, 46°43′50.80″W), VIII.1972, leg. I.C.B. Alunos, 1♂ (IBSP). Distribution. States of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil (Fig. 27).