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Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian, Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed (2023): A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia (3) 45 (17): 285-291, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17

Justicia tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2; Table 1). Justicia tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp. nov. is morphologically closely allied to Justicia salsoloides T.Anderson. It differs by its herbaceous, slender, purplish-green, glabrous, and angled stem, elliptic-oblong, lanceolate, glabrous, sub-sessile leaves, corolla pubescent on throat within and sub-terete capsules. TYPUS. — India. Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai district, Poosathurai, (10°20’58”N, 78°47’22”E), c. 82 m, 11.X.2021, P. Raja & S. Soosairaj 4760 (holo-, RHT!; iso-, MH!). DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. — Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. is presently known only from the type locality where less than 20 individuals have been observed in open places in Vellar river bed at elevations of 70-85 m and associated with Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth, Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton, Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L., Dyschoriste madurensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze, Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., Euphorbia corrigioloides Boiss., Leucas diffusa Benth., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Cyanotis cristata (L.) D.Don, Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Siegler. & Ebinger and Melanocenchris monoica (Rottler) C.E.C.Fisch. PHENOLOGY. — Flowering and fruiting were observed from July to December. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet tamilnadensis refers to one of the south Indian states Tamil Nadu from where the specimens were collected. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. was observed at only one location which is fragmented by transportation. The total population of this species is enumerated to be less than 20 individuals, and based on the field observation, the conservation status of the species has been evaluated accordingly. We have been surveying the entire Pudukkottai district and the surrounding regions since 2012. And from the entire study in the past decade, it was noted that the proposed species is found only in that specific location (Fig. 3). The geographic range for the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is c. 0.5 km ² and the distribution is limited to the type locality (IUCN 2022). Urbanization, transportation and expansion of the highly invasive Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. threatens the population of this species. Hence, this species is classified in criterion B (AOO) under B2a and B2b and criterion D (number of mature individuals is less than 20) as well to meet the criteria for the Critically Endangered B2ab (ii,iii,v); D. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — India. Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai district, Poosathurai, (10°20’58”N, 78°47’22”E), c. 80 m, 09.X.2022, P . Raja 4766 (RHT!). DESCRIPTION Prostrate herb, 200-300 mm long; rootstock woody with fleshy roots. Stem prostrate, angled, slender, glabrous, bearded at nodes. Leaves sub-sessile, 9-35 × 3-6 mm, subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong, opposite, cuneate at base, margins entire on young leaves and occasionally margins undulate on mature leaves, obtusely acute at apex, mid nerve prominent, lateral nerves 3-4, obscure. Inflorescence sub-terminal and terminal spikes, 15-50 mm long, loosely arranged, peduncle 4-10 mm long. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 5-9 × 2-3 mm, base truncate, margin entire, apex acute, ciliate at base. Bracteoles 2, lanceolate, 10-12 × 1.5-2 mm, 3-nerved, nerves obscure, base truncate, margin entire, ciliate at base, acute at apex. Flowers 1 cm long; calyx lobes 5, equal in length, 5 × 1 mm, narrow, linear, cuneate at base, acute at apex, pubescent; corolla 1 cm long, pubescent without; corolla tube 5 mm long, pubescent in throat; bilabiate, upper two-lobed, lobes connate except tip, lower broadly 3-lobed, mid lobe broader than lateral lobes, 4 × 3 mm, purplish inside, lateral lobes 4 × 2 mm, white inside. Stamens 2, exserted; filaments 5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2-celled, pubescent on upper anther cell, 3 mm long with 1 mm appendage on lower anther cell. Pistil 8 mm long, ovary 2 × 1.5 mm, ovules 4, style slender, 6 mm long, pubescent on basal half, stigma simple. Capsule 12-15 × 5 mm, sub-terete, white tomentose without, shortly mucronate at apex. Seeds 3-4, echinate. TAXONOMIC COMMENTS Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. and J. salsoloides are restricted in distribution (Carnatic regions of Indian Peninsula). In the field, the habit of J. tamilnadensis closely resembles to that of Lepidagathis cristata Willd. and it could be mistaken in the absence of inflorescences. The rootstock of J. tamilnadensis resembles that of the Justicia trinervia Vahl. There are about 5-7 fleshy roots per plant. Each root is about 100-160 mm long and 2-3 mm wide and deeply rooted to the barren or gravel soil up to 200 mm in depth. The tuberous root system enables the persistent stem to tolerate the dry season., Published as part of Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian & Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed, 2023, A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 285-291 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (17) on pages 286-289, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17, http://zenodo.org/record/8135393, {"references":["IUCN 2022. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 2022 - 1. https: // www. iucnredlist. org"]}

KEY TO THE GENUS JUSTicia L. FROM TAMIL NADU, INDIA 1. Calyx lobes 5............................................................................................................................................... 2 — Calyx lobes 4............................................................................................................................................. 14 2. Shrubs or undershrubs................................................................................................................................ 3 — Erect or diffuse herbs................................................................................................................................. 12 3. Anther cells minutely apiculate at base........................................................................................................ 4 — Anther cells with prominent white appendage at base................................................................................. 5 4. Inflorescence capitate.................................................................................. J. beddomei (C.B.Clarke) Bennet — Inflorescence spikes.................................................................................................................. J. adhatoda L. 5. Capsule 2-2.5 cm long................................................................................................................................ 6 — Capsule less than 2 cm long........................................................................................................................ 7 6. Erect shrubs. Leaves 6-9 cm broad................................................................................... J. santapaui Bennet — Procumbent undershrub. Leaves 0.5-1.5 cm broad.......................... J. nilgherrensis (Nees) Wight ex C.B. Clarke 7. Leaves less than 3 cm long........................................................................................................................... 8 — Leaves more than 5 cm long........................................................................................................................ 9 8. Bracts elliptic, acute.................................................................................................. J. salsoloides T.Anderson — Bracts orbicular or obcordate, short-apiculate............................................................... J. tranquebariensis L.f. 9. Capsule pubescent..................................................................................................................................... 10 — Capsule glabrous........................................................................................................... J. gendarussa Burm.f. 10. Seeds spinulose or echinate when wetted................................................................................................... 11 — Seeds softly round-tuberculate when wetted.............................................................. J. wynaadensis B.Heyne 11. Bracts white with green nerves; bracteoles similar....................................................................... J. betonica L. — Bracts not as above; bracteoles different, often absent............................................................ J. glauca Rottler 12. Leaves more than 5 cm broad................................................................................................. J. scandens Vahl — Leaves less than 1 cm broad....................................................................................................................... 13 13. Bracts white with green nerves. Seeds tuberculate when wetted............................................. J. trinervia Vahl — Bracts not as above. Seeds echinate when wetted.......................... J. tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp.nov. 14. Spikes stout, cylindric............................................................................................................................... 15 — Spikes slender, linear................................................................................................................................. 18 15. Subshrubs or undershrubs; branchlets somewhat woody........................................................................... 16 — Herbaceous; branchlets slender.................................................................................................................. 17 16. Bracts with bulbous based white hairs. Capsule pubescent.......................................... J. neesii Ramamoorthy — Bracts not as above. Capsule glabrous........................................................... J. latispica (C.B.Clarke) Gamble 17. Spikes up to 3 cm long......................................................................................................... J. procumbens L. — Spikes more than 5 cm long................................................................................................ J. simplex D.Don 18. Calyx lobes obtuse at apex................................................................... J. quinqueangularis J.Koenig ex Roxb. — Calyx lobes acute at apex........................................................................................................................... 19 19. Bracts and bracteoles ovate.................................................................................................... J. diffusa Willd. — Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate................................................................................................................. 20 20. Seeds tuberculate.......................................................................... J. prostrata (Roxb. ex C.B.Clarke) Gamble — Seeds papillae............................................................................................................................................ 21 21. Leaves ovate-elliptic or linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous........................................................... J. vahlii Roth — Leaves ovate or orbicular, obtuse, strigose above, villous beneath......................... J. nepalensis V.A.W.Graham, Published as part of Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian & Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed, 2023, A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 285-291 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (17) on page 290, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17, http://zenodo.org/record/8135393

KEY TO THE GENUS JUSTicia L. FROM TAMIL NADU, INDIA 1. Calyx lobes 5............................................................................................................................................... 2 — Calyx lobes 4............................................................................................................................................. 14 2. Shrubs or undershrubs................................................................................................................................ 3 — Erect or diffuse herbs................................................................................................................................. 12 3. Anther cells minutely apiculate at base........................................................................................................ 4 — Anther cells with prominent white appendage at base................................................................................. 5 4. Inflorescence capitate.................................................................................. J. beddomei (C.B.Clarke) Bennet — Inflorescence spikes.................................................................................................................. J. adhatoda L. 5. Capsule 2-2.5 cm long................................................................................................................................ 6 — Capsule less than 2 cm long........................................................................................................................ 7 6. Erect shrubs. Leaves 6-9 cm broad................................................................................... J. santapaui Bennet — Procumbent undershrub. Leaves 0.5-1.5 cm broad.......................... J. nilgherrensis (Nees) Wight ex C.B. Clarke 7. Leaves less than 3 cm long........................................................................................................................... 8 — Leaves more than 5 cm long........................................................................................................................ 9 8. Bracts elliptic, acute.................................................................................................. J. salsoloides T.Anderson — Bracts orbicular or obcordate, short-apiculate............................................................... J. tranquebariensis L.f. 9. Capsule pubescent..................................................................................................................................... 10 — Capsule glabrous........................................................................................................... J. gendarussa Burm.f. 10. Seeds spinulose or echinate when wetted................................................................................................... 11 — Seeds softly round-tuberculate when wetted.............................................................. J. wynaadensis B.Heyne 11. Bracts white with green nerves; bracteoles similar....................................................................... J. betonica L. — Bracts not as above; bracteoles different, often absent............................................................ J. glauca Rottler 12. Leaves more than 5 cm broad................................................................................................. J. scandens Vahl — Leaves less than 1 cm broad....................................................................................................................... 13 13. Bracts white with green nerves. Seeds tuberculate when wetted............................................. J. trinervia Vahl — Bracts not as above. Seeds echinate when wetted.......................... J. tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp.nov. 14. Spikes stout, cylindric............................................................................................................................... 15 — Spikes slender, linear................................................................................................................................. 18 15. Subshrubs or undershrubs; branchlets somewhat woody........................................................................... 16 — Herbaceous; branchlets slender.................................................................................................................. 17 16. Bracts with bulbous based white hairs. Capsule pubescent.......................................... J. neesii Ramamoorthy — Bracts not as above. Capsule glabrous........................................................... J. latispica (C.B.Clarke) Gamble 17. Spikes up to 3 cm long......................................................................................................... J. procumbens L. — Spikes more than 5 cm long................................................................................................ J. simplex D.Don 18. Calyx lobes obtuse at apex................................................................... J. quinqueangularis J.Koenig ex Roxb. — Calyx lobes acute at apex........................................................................................................................... 19 19. Bracts and bracteoles ovate.................................................................................................... J. diffusa Willd. — Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate................................................................................................................. 20 20. Seeds tuberculate.......................................................................... J. prostrata (Roxb. ex C.B.Clarke) Gamble — Seeds papillae............................................................................................................................................ 21 21. Leaves ovate-elliptic or linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous........................................................... J. vahlii Roth — Leaves ovate or orbicular, obtuse, strigose above, villous beneath......................... J. nepalensis V.A.W.Graham

Asystasia venui Anant Kumar, G. Krishna & Av. Bhattacharjee sp. nov. FIGURES 2 & 3 Type:— INDIA. West Bengal, Howrah, Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, along bank of Janardanam Lake, 11.3 m, 22.55856° E & 88.29227° N, 20.11.2019, Anant Kumar, Gopal Krishna & Avishek Bhattacharjee 86184 (Holotype CAL, CAL0000033886; isotype CAL, CAL0000033887!). Diagnosis:— Asystasia venui is morphologically allied to A. atroviridis Anderson (1867: 526), but differs in having smaller calyx lobes (vs. longer calyx lobes); papillose ovary (vs. glandular hairy ovary); glabrous style throughout (vs. style pubescent basally); densely glandular pubescent capsules (vs. glabrous capsules). Description:—Erect or decumbent herbs, 30−60 cm high; stem purplish red, branched, quadrangular, sulcate, ribbed after drying, rooting at nodes on lower portion, pubescent when young, then glabrescent when old except for nodes. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate or uppermost pair sessile; petioles (0−) 0.5−8 cm long, sulcate, pubescent; lamina elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, uppermost pair ovate to broadly ovate, smaller in size, 1.4−10 × 0.9−4.4 cm, chartaceous, base unequal, rounded, subcordate, attenuate, or decurrent onto petiole when young, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate, pubescent and green above, tuberculate, glabrous and whitish beneath, veins camptodromous, midvein prominent, impressed above, prominent below, pubescent, lateral veins 5−7 pairs, otherwise same as mid vein. Inflorescences terminal, condensed racemes, 1–4 cm long, 4−12-flowered, pubescent. Flowers ca. 2 cm across; pedicels slender, 1−1.2 cm long, pubescent. Bracts triangular, 1.2–1.5 mm long, apex acuminate, margin ciliate persistent; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–0.7 mm long, apex acute, margin ciliate, persistent. Calyx 5-lobed, pubescent and glandular-hairy outside, glabrous inside; tube 1–1.5 mm long; lobes linear-lanceolate, 3−3.5 mm long, apex acute. Corolla infundibuliform, ventricose, white, with a light violet-purple blotch on the middle lobe of lower lip, glandular-hairy outside, glabrous inside; tube 2–2.3 cm long, base cylindrical for 1.5–1.7 cm long, throat 5–6 mm long; lobes 5, elliptic-ovate, 5−7 × 4–4.5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted at base of throat, slightly exserted; filaments white, slender, shorter pair 5−5.5 mm long, longer pair 8−8.5 mm long, connate at the base in pairs, glabrous; anthers white with a vertical violet-black band on the sides, oblong, 1.2–1.5 cm long, spurred at base, connective beyond the anther cells, glabrous. Ovary green, oblong or columnar, compressed, 1.2−1.5 mm long, papillose, basally surrounded by fleshy, dull white, nectariferous disc, 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cell; style white, filiform, 2.4–2.6 cm long, glabrous; stigma shortly 2-lobed, smooth. Capsules green, clavate, compressed, 1.4–2.2 cm long, dehiscent, densely glandular hairy. Seeds 4, suborbicular, flattened, ca. 3 mm across, tuberculate, rugose, dentate along margins, borne on ca. 2 mm long, hook-like retinacula. Phenology:—Flowering and fruiting from September to December. Habitat: — The new species grows along lakes in shady area at an elevation of about 10 m. The association includes Rivina humilis L., Ruellia tuberosa L., Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Mikania micrantha Kunth and Plumbago zeylanica L. and grasses etc. Distribution:—The species is distributed in Howrah, West Bengal, India so far. Etymology:—The new species is named after Dr Potharaju Venu, Former Senior Scientist of Botanical Survey of India, for his significant contribution to the taxonomy of Indian Acanthaceae. Notes:— The Indian species of the genus can be categorized in two groups on the basis of shape of corolla tube, i.e. Group 1 comprises three species Asystasia atroviridis Anderson (1867: 526), A. neesiana (Wallich 1830: 73) Nees (1832: 89), A. venui Anant Kumar, G. Krishna & Av. Bhattacharjee sp. nov. having cylindrical, shortly funnelshaped corolla tube upwards, and Group 2 having 10 species A. chelonoides Nees (1832: 89), A. crispata Bentham (1852: 647), A. dalzelliana Santapau (1948: 276), A. gangetica (Linnaeus 1756: 3) Anderson (1860: 235), A. indica H.J. Chowdhery & Av. Bhattacharjee (2006: 211), A. macrocarpa Nees (1832: 89), A. mysorensis (Roth 1821: 303) Anderson (1867: 524), A. pusilla C.B. Clarke (1889: 55), A. travancorica Beddome (1872: 39), and A. variabilis (Nees 1847: 165) Trimen (1895: 324) with tubular-ventricose corolla tube (FIGURE 1). Out of these, five species are endemic to India, e.g., A. crispata, A. dalzelliana, A. indica, A. pusilla, and A. travancorica. Lindau (1895) erected a new genus Asystasiella Lindau (1895: 326) to accommodate the species of Group one with two species, viz. A. neesiana and A. atroviridis, and it was considered to be different from Asystasia by having a narrow cylindric corolla tube and stachel pollen (spheroidal with spines). Ensermu et al. (1992) discussed the delimitation of the genus based on pollen morphology. Since, the genus Asystasia encompasses considerable variation in inflorescence form, corolla morphology, and pollen type, therefore, the genus Asystasiella was included within Asystasia (Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022). The generic circumscription of Asystasia, Asystasiella, Mackaya and other related genera should be delimitated by molecular phylogenetic study along with pollen morphology. Das (1939: 408) incorrectly transferred these three species from Asystasia to Mackaya as M. atroviridis (Anderson 1867: 526) Das (1939: 448), M. macrocarpa (Nees 1832: 89) Das (1939: 447), and M. neesiana (Wallich 1830: 73) Das (1939: 447), respectively. However, the genus Mackaya is characterized by two fertile stamens without spurs and with two staminodes, while Asystasia has all four fertile stamens with spur at the base of anthers. Deng and Wu (2009: 308) stated that these three species were quite different from Mackaya in having four stamens and they preferred to place them in Asystasia rather than in Mackaya. Based on the above mentioned reasons the new species fits with Asystasia instead of Mackaya and hence, we are describing it here under Asystasia. The new species was wrongly identified as Asystasia chelonoides Nees by Chowdhery and Pandey (2007). However, it can be easily distinguished from Asystasia chelonoides by its long tubular-cylindrical corolla and densely flowered racemes. Comparison of diagnostic characters of the new species with its most allied species is provided in detail in Table 1. Additional specimens examined (Paratypes):— INDIA. West Bangal: Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, along bank of Janardanam Lake, 10 m, 22.55847° E & 88.29214° N, 23.11.2020, Anant Kumar, Gopal Krishna & Avishek Bhattacharjee 86185 (CAL); Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, along bank of Janardanam Lake, 11 m, 22.55862° E & 88.29233° N, 20.11.2018, Anant Kumar, Gopal Krishna & Avishek Bhattacharjee 81601 (CAL); Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Division 9, 12 m, 22.55746° E & 88.29357° N, 23.09.2010, Avishek Bhattacharjee 72736 (CAL).

Kumar, Anant, Krishna, Gopal, Bhattacharjee, Avishek (2023): Asystasia venui (Justicieae: Acanthaceae): A new species from West Bengal, India. Phytotaxa 600 (4): 239-247, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

55. Strobilanthes maclurei Merr. (Acanthaceae) in Philipp. J. Sci. 21(4): 354. 1922. TYPE:— CHINA. Hainan: Wuzhishan, Wuzhi Shan, alt. 700 m, 21 December 1921, F. A. McClure 2143 (i.e. Canton Christian College Herbarium 8578) (syntype: PNH, destroyed, A 00094307 image!, NY 00278318 image!). The name Strobilanthes maclurei Merr. was validly published with a single gathering “ McClure 8578 ” cited in the protologue (Merrill, 1922a). However, on the label of the syntype specimen exists in A, the collecting number is 2143 and the herbarium number is Canton Christian College Herbarium 8578. Therefore, the erroneous collecting number in the protologue is to be corrected., Published as part of Lin, Yun, Bi, Hai-Yan, Sun, Jun & Sun, Qian, 2023, Correction of collecting number errors in the protologues of sixty-four taxon names from China, pp. 271-282 in Phytotaxa 598 (4) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7983799, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1922 a) Diagnoses of Hainan Plants. The Philippine Journal of Science 21 (4): 337 - 355."]}

Strobilanthes spathulatibracteata D.V. Hai, Z.L. Lin & Y.F. Deng, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) Type: — VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Van Ban District, Liem Phu Commune, elev. 741 m, 21°57’29.9”N, 104°20’26.8”E, 24 March 2019, Do Van Hai, Zheli Lin, Xixi Zhang HL 322 (holotype HN [HN000075338!]; isotypes, HN [HN000075339!, HN000075340!, HN000075341!, HN000075342!], IBSC!). Diagnosis: — The new species resembles Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau (1897: 651) in the solitary terminal spicate inflorescence, but differs in hirsute (vs. pubescent) stem when young, 8–11 pairs (vs. 4–7 pairs) of secondary veins, longer (3–5 cm vs. ca. 2 cm) and hirsute (vs. pubescent) petiole, spathulate (vs. linear-spathulate) bract, spathulate (vs. linear) bracteoles, gland-tipped hirsute (vs. sparsely pubescent and gland-tipped pubescent) bracts, bracteoles and calyx, and 2-lipped (vs. equally 5-lobed) calyx. A detailed comparison between the two species is given in Table 1. Perennial undershrubs, up to 2 m high. Stems erect, quadrangular, sulcate, hirsute when young and glabrescent when old, internodes swollen. Leaves opposite, equal or subequal in each pair; petioles 3–5 cm long, hirsute; blades elliptic to ovate, 5–20 × 3–10 cm, adaxially hirsute when young subglabrescent, densely covered with linear cystoliths, abaxially pubescent, hirsute along the veins and secondary veins, apex acute, base cuneate to attenuate and decurrent onto the petioles, margin serrate and ciliate, lateral veins 8–11 pairs. Inflorescence of terminal spikes, 4–8 cm long, 8–14-flowered; peduncle 5–7 mm long, rachis hirsute, internodes 5–6 mm long; flowers in opposite pairs. Bracts pale green except the violet tip, persistent, 23–25 × 2–5 mm, spathulate, pinnately veined, apex truncate or rounded and retuse, margin long-ciliate with gland-tipped hairs, both surfaces subglabrous and covered with linear cystoliths; bracteoles 2, spathulate, ca. 2 × 0.2 cm, apex truncate or rounded, sometimes retuse, margin long-ciliate with gland-tipped hairs, both surfaces subglabrous and covered with linear cystoliths. Calyx ca. 2 cm long, 2-lipped, lower lip 2- lobed to 1/3 length, upper lip equally 3-lobed to 1/3 length; lobes oblong, ca. 1.5 mm broad, green except the violet tips, apex truncate or rounded, margin long-ciliate with gland-tipped hairs; both surfaces subglabrous, the exterior covered with linear cystoliths. Corolla white with purple stripes on throat and lobes, 3.5–4.5 cm long, subventricose, outside puberulent, inside hirsute; tube basally cylindrical and ca. 3 mm broad for ca. 1.5 cm then gradually widened to ca. 1 cm at the mouth; lobes 6–7 × ca. 5 mm, apex rounded. Stamens 4, included, didynamous; filaments monadelphous by a membranous sheath at base, hirsute basally, the shorter pairs 3–3.5 mm long, the longer pairs 7–8 mm long; anthers ca. 3 mm long, oblong, attached at lower 1/3. Pollen grains prolate, 3-colporate, pseudocolpi 12, with 15 longitudinal ribs, exine ornamentation reticulate. Ovary narrowly obovoid, 2.5–2.8 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., densely covered with glandular hairs; style 2.5 cm long, linear, sparsely glandular-pilose, especially at tip; stigma unequally 2-clefted. Capsule narrowly oblong-obovoid, 15–16 × 4–5 mm, apically pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds ovate to suborbicular in outline, 4–4.5 × ca. 4 mm, pubescent with appressed mucilaginous hairs, areole small. Etymology:— The specific epithet is derived from the Latin “ spathulatus ” and “ bracteatus ”, referring to the shape of the bracts of the new species. Phenology:— Flowering from October to March; fruiting from November to April. Distribution and ecology: — Strobilanthes spathulatibracteata was found from a few locations in northern Vietnam, and is probably endemic there. It grows under the shade of secondary rain forest on soils or in between soils and limestone, at elevations of 700–800 m asl. The new species is association with Leptochilus wrightii (Hooker ex Baker 1864: 160) X. C. Zhang (2012: 656), Pteridrys australis Ching (1934: 142), Tectaria subtriphylla (Hooker & Arnott 1838: 256) Copeland (1907: 410) (Polypodiaceae), Dennstaedtia zeylanica (Swartz 1801: 91) Zink ex Fraser-Jenkins & Kandel (2015: 161) (Dennstaedtiaceae), Rhaphidophora crassicaulis Engler & K. Krause (1908: 52) (Araceae), Musa sp. (Musaceae), Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarié 1917: 300) M.F. Newman & Škorničk. (2018: 24) (Zingiberaceae), etc. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— VIETNAM. Bac Kan Province, Na Ri District, Kim Hy Commune, 25 March 2014, Do Van Hai et al., DVH 25032014 (HN); ibid., 10 February 2023, Do Van Hai et al., VAST09- 399 B (HN); Lao Cai Province: Van Ban District, Liem Phu commune, elev. 802 m, 21°57’30.2”N, 104°20’22.6”E, 17 April 2011, Do Van Hai et al., DVH17042011 (HN); ibid., elev. 791 m, 21°57’40.5”N, 104°20’11.9”E, 19 April 2011, Do Van Hai et al., DVH19042011 (HN); Tuyen Quang Province: Ham Yen District, Cham Chu Nature Reserve, 2 October 2003, Vu Xuan Phuong et al., Phuong 6674 (HN); Na Hang District, Thanh Tuong Commune, Ban Bung village, 9 December 1997, Nguyen Kim Dao 1018 (HN). Conservation status:— This new species has been collected several times from the cited locations in Bac Kan, Lao Cai, Tuyen Quang provinces in northern Vietnam, but during our fieldwork in this area, we observed only one population growing on soils mixed with limestone in secondary rain forests. All places where S. spathulatibracteata grows, fall within the protected areas like nature reserves or forestry companies. Therefore, we suggest a status of Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2022) and criteria. Taxonomic note: In the genus Strobilanthe s, the term “two-lipped calyx” has been used to describe species having the five calyx lobes form two groups, one with two and another with three. This character was used by Nees (1847) and Bremekamp (1944) to separate seven genera from Strobilanthes s. l., but appears to be of almost random occurrence within the genus and is of relatively little systematic importance except at the level of species (Wood & Scotland 2003). In Vietnam, some species, e.g., Strobilanthes adpressa J.R.I. Wood (2003: 110), S. cystolithigera Lindau (1897: 651) and S. longzhouensis H. S. Lo & D. Fang (1997: 34), have a two-lipped calyx, but the new species can be easily distinguished from these by its spathulate bracts and bracteoles, of which the margin is long-ciliate and with gland-tipped hairs. The stamens are hirsute except the apex and the style is sparsely glandular pilose near the base but densely pilose apically. 2010; Lindau 1897 and taken from specimens in HN herbarium)

Strobilanthes spathulatibracteata D.V. Hai, Z.L. Lin & Y.F. Deng, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) Type: — VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Van Ban District, Liem Phu Commune, elev. 741 m, 21°57’29.9”N, 104°20’26.8”E, 24 March 2019, Do Van Hai, Zheli Lin, Xixi Zhang HL 322 (holotype HN [HN000075338!]; isotypes, HN [HN000075339!, HN000075340!, HN000075341!, HN000075342!], IBSC!). Diagnosis: — The new species resembles Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau (1897: 651) in the solitary terminal spicate inflorescence, but differs in hirsute (vs. pubescent) stem when young, 8–11 pairs (vs. 4–7 pairs) of secondary veins, longer (3–5 cm vs. ca. 2 cm) and hirsute (vs. pubescent) petiole, spathulate (vs. linear-spathulate) bract, spathulate (vs. linear) bracteoles, gland-tipped hirsute (vs. sparsely pubescent and gland-tipped pubescent) bracts, bracteoles and calyx, and 2-lipped (vs. equally 5-lobed) calyx. A detailed comparison between the two species is given in Table 1. Perennial undershrubs, up to 2 m high. Stems erect, quadrangular, sulcate, hirsute when young and glabrescent when old, internodes swollen. Leaves opposite, equal or subequal in each pair; petioles 3–5 cm long, hirsute; blades elliptic to ovate, 5–20 × 3–10 cm, adaxially hirsute when young subglabrescent, densely covered with linear cystoliths, abaxially pubescent, hirsute along the veins and secondary veins, apex acute, base cuneate to attenuate and decurrent onto the petioles, margin serrate and ciliate, lateral veins 8–11 pairs. Inflorescence of terminal spikes, 4–8 cm long, 8–14-flowered; peduncle 5–7 mm long, rachis hirsute, internodes 5–6 mm long; flowers in opposite pairs. Bracts pale green except the violet tip, persistent, 23–25 × 2–5 mm, spathulate, pinnately veined, apex truncate or rounded and retuse, margin long-ciliate with gland-tipped hairs, both surfaces subglabrous and covered with linear cystoliths; bracteoles 2, spathulate, ca. 2 × 0.2 cm, apex truncate or rounded, sometimes retuse, margin long-ciliate with gland-tipped hairs, both surfaces subglabrous and covered with linear cystoliths. Calyx ca. 2 cm long, 2-lipped, lower lip 2- lobed to 1/3 length, upper lip equally 3-lobed to 1/3 length; lobes oblong, ca. 1.5 mm broad, green except the violet tips, apex truncate or rounded, margin long-ciliate with gland-tipped hairs; both surfaces subglabrous, the exterior covered with linear cystoliths. Corolla white with purple stripes on throat and lobes, 3.5–4.5 cm long, subventricose, outside puberulent, inside hirsute; tube basally cylindrical and ca. 3 mm broad for ca. 1.5 cm then gradually widened to ca. 1 cm at the mouth; lobes 6–7 × ca. 5 mm, apex rounded. Stamens 4, included, didynamous; filaments monadelphous by a membranous sheath at base, hirsute basally, the shorter pairs 3–3.5 mm long, the longer pairs 7–8 mm long; anthers ca. 3 mm long, oblong, attached at lower 1/3. Pollen grains prolate, 3-colporate, pseudocolpi 12, with 15 longitudinal ribs, exine ornamentation reticulate. Ovary narrowly obovoid, 2.5–2.8 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., densely covered with glandular hairs; style 2.5 cm long, linear, sparsely glandular-pilose, especially at tip; stigma unequally 2-clefted. Capsule narrowly oblong-obovoid, 15–16 × 4–5 mm, apically pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds ovate to suborbicular in outline, 4–4.5 × ca. 4 mm, pubescent with appressed mucilaginous hairs, areole small. Etymology:— The specific epithet is derived from the Latin “ spathulatus ” and “ bracteatus ”, referring to the shape of the bracts of the new species. Phenology:— Flowering from October to March; fruiting from November to April. Distribution and ecology: — Strobilanthes spathulatibracteata was found from a few locations in northern Vietnam, and is probably endemic there. It grows under the shade of secondary rain forest on soils or in between soils and limestone, at elevations of 700–800 m asl. The new species is association with Leptochilus wrightii (Hooker ex Baker 1864: 160) X. C. Zhang (2012: 656), Pteridrys australis Ching (1934: 142), Tectaria subtriphylla (Hooker & Arnott 1838: 256) Copeland (1907: 410) (Polypodiaceae), Dennstaedtia zeylanica (Swartz 1801: 91) Zink ex Fraser-Jenkins & Kandel (2015: 161) (Dennstaedtiaceae), Rhaphidophora crassicaulis Engler & K. Krause (1908: 52) (Araceae), Musa sp. (Musaceae), Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarié 1917: 300) M.F. Newman & Škorničk. (2018: 24) (Zingiberaceae), etc. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— VIETNAM. Bac Kan Province, Na Ri District, Kim Hy Commune, 25 March 2014, Do Van Hai et al., DVH 25032014 (HN); ibid., 10 February 2023, Do Van Hai et al., VAST09- 399 B (HN); Lao Cai Province: Van Ban District, Liem Phu commune, elev. 802 m, 21°57’30.2”N, 104°20’22.6”E, 17 April 2011, Do Van Hai et al., DVH17042011 (HN); ibid., elev. 791 m, 21°57’40.5”N, 104°20’11.9”E, 19 April 2011, Do Van Hai et al., DVH19042011 (HN); Tuyen Quang Province: Ham Yen District, Cham Chu Nature Reserve, 2 October 2003, Vu Xuan Phuong et al., Phuong 6674 (HN); Na Hang District, Thanh Tuong Commune, Ban Bung village, 9 December 1997, Nguyen Kim Dao 1018 (HN). Conservation status:— This new species has been collected several times from the cited locations in Bac Kan, Lao Cai, Tuyen Quang provinces in northern Vietnam, but during our fieldwork in this area, we observed only one population growing on soils mixed with limestone in secondary rain forests. All places where S. spathulatibracteata grows, fall within the protected areas like nature reserves or forestry companies. Therefore, we suggest a status of Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN Red List categories (IUCN 2022) and criteria. Taxonomic note: In the genus Strobilanthe s, the term “two-lipped calyx” has been used to describe species having the five calyx lobes form two groups, one with two and another with three. This character was used by Nees (1847) and Bremekamp (1944) to separate seven genera from Strobilanthes s. l., but appears to be of almost random occurrence within the genus and is of relatively little systematic importance except at the level of species (Wood & Scotland 2003). In Vietnam, some species, e.g., Strobilanthes adpressa J.R.I. Wood (2003: 110), S. cystolithigera Lindau (1897: 651) and S. longzhouensis H. S. Lo & D. Fang (1997: 34), have a two-lipped calyx, but the new species can be easily distinguished from these by its spathulate bracts and bracteoles, of which the margin is long-ciliate and with gland-tipped hairs. The stamens are hirsute except the apex and the style is sparsely glandular pilose near the base but densely pilose apically. 2010; Lindau 1897 and taken from specimens in HN herbarium), Published as part of Hai, Do Van, Thuy, Nguyen Thu, Lin, Zheli & Deng, Yunfei, 2023, Strobilanthes spathulatibracteata, a new species of Acanthaceae from northern Vietnam, pp. 184-192 in Phytotaxa 597 (2) on pages 185-190, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7929443, {"references":["Lindau, G. (1897) Acanthaceae Americanae et Asiaticae. Bulletin du L'Herbier Boissier 5: 643 - 681.","Zhang, X. C. (2012) Lycophytes and Ferns of China. Peking University Press, Beijing, 715 pp. [in Chinese]","Hooker, W. J. & Arnott, G. A. W (1838) The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage 6. H. G. Bohn, London. pp. 241 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 246","Copeland, E. B. (1907) A revision of Tectaria with special Regard to the Philippine Species. Philippine Journal of Science. Section C, Botany. Manila 2: 409 - 418.","Swartz, O. (1801) Genera et species filicum ordine systematico redigendi. Journal fur die Botanik (Schrader) 1800 (2): 1 - 120.","Fraser-Jenkins, C. R., Kandel, D. R. & Pariyar, S. (2015) Ferns and Fern-allies of Nepal 1. National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Department of Plant Resources, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, 508 pp.","Crevost, C. & Lemarie, C. (1917) Catalogue des produits de l'Indochine 1. Produits alimentaires et plantes fourrageres, Gouvernement generale de l'Indochine, 488 pp.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines. pdf (accessed 2 March 2023).","Bremekamp, C. E. B. (1944) Materials for a monograph of the Strobilanthinae. Verhandelingen der Nederlandsche Akademie Van Wettenschappen Afdeeling Natuurkunde, Tweede Sectie 41: 1 - 305.","Wood, J. R. I. & Scotland, R. W. (2003) The 2 - lipped species of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 58: 83 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4119357","Fang, D., Luo, X. R. & Tang, H. T. (1997) New materials for Acanthaceae from Guangxi. Guihaia 17 (1): 23 - 59."]}

Strobilanthes spathulatibracteata is described as a new species from northern Vietnam. Morphologically, it resembles S. tonkinensis, but differs in its perennial undershrub habit, hirsute young stem, fragrant stem and blades, spathulate bracts and bracteoles with gland-tipped hirsute indumentum, 2-lipped calyx, 35–45 mm long corolla being puberulent outside and hirsute inside, and apically pubescent fruits. Photographs, illustrations, information on its habitat, ecology, pollen morphology and a preliminary conservation assessment are provided.

Strobilanthes sripadensis Nilanthi, Gopallawa & Jayawardana sp. nov. (Figure 2 & 3) Type:— SRI LANKA. Sabaragamuwa Province: Ratnapura District, Peak Wilderness Nature Reserve, Katukithula, 6.8038174 N & 80.4681832 E, 1130 m, 11 December 2021, Nilanthi, Gopallawa, Jayawardana & Jayasinghe RMRN119 (holotype PDA!). Diagnosis:— The new species resembles S. pentandra, but differs by having leaf apex short acuminate (vs. acute), margin entire or slightly sinuate (vs. serrulate), lateral veins 5–7 pairs (vs. 4–5), outermost bract longer than the inner one (vs. outermost smaller than the inner), bract, bracteole, and calyx pubescent (vs. glabrous), corolla white with prominent dark purple lines at throat (vs. pale violet), fertile stamens 4 (vs. fertile stamens 5). Description:— Subshrub, slender, up to 50 cm high. Stems terete, glabrous, woody, slightly swollen at node, transverse ridges not prominent. Leaves opposite, unequal in each pair; petioles 1.4–2.5 cm long, glabrous; blades oblong to elliptical, 6.2–10.5 × 2.1–3.6 cm, base cuneate, margin entire or slightly sinuate, apex obtusely short acuminate, adaxially dark green, glabrous with numerous cystoliths, abaxially paler green, glabrescent, venation camptodromous, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, prominent on both surfaces, tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescences of bracteate heads, terminal or axillary opposite pairs on short leafy branchlets; heads oblong, few-flowered, 1.3–5.1 × 1.1–1.9 cm, glabrous; peduncles 1.8–4.7 cm long; flowers sessile; rachis glabrescent. Bracts broadly oblong, 0.5–1.0 × 0.2–0.6 cm, apex obtuse, slightly concave, the outermost ones longer than the inner ones, pubescent on adaxial surface and margin towards the apex, then densely glandular pubescent on mature capsule. Bracteoles linear-oblong, 7.9–9.1 × 1.9–2.0 mm, apex obtuse, pubescent along margin towards the apex, then glandular-pubescent. Calyx five-lobed to about half of the length; lobes linear, 8.9–9.0 × 1.9–3.0 mm, apex acute, margin pubescent towards the apex, then densely glandular-pubescent when fruiting, persistent. Corolla 1.4–1.5 cm long, white with prominent dark purple lines at throat, outside glabrous, inside glabrous except at the place of the insertion of the stamens, tube very narrowly cylindrical for 1.3–1.4 cm, then abruptly inflated and campanulate, flower diameter 2.1–2.3 cm, lobes obovate, 10–13 × 4–8 mm, spreading. Stamens 4, exserted, didynamous; filaments glabrous except for a few hairs at the base, shorter pair 12.9–13.1 mm long, longer pair 18.2–19.0 mm long; anthers bithecous, subsagittate, dorsifixed near to the base, anthers yellow brown. Staminode 1. Ovary two locular, oblong-elliptic, 2.5–3.0 mm long; style exserted, slightly curved, 1.7–2.0 cm long, glabrous; stigma unlobed. Capsule 8–9 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, narrowly oblong-ellipsoid, glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds, ca. 1.5 mm broad softly pubescent. Pollen Morphology:— Pollen grains of S. sripadensis (Figure 4) are spheroidal, 47–56 × 2.7–2.9 µm, 3-colporate, equatorial. Carine and Scotland (1998) observed the pollen morphology of 25 Strobilanthes species from Sri Lanka. They recognized 13 ellipsoid pollen types and 12 spheroidal pollen types for Sri Lankan Strobilanthes species. Pollen morphological characters showed a great variability among Sri Lankan Strobilanthes species. Etymology:— This specific epithet “ sripadensis ” refers to the type locality of this species where the term “ Sri Pada” means “holy footprint” in Sinhala and comes from an indentation at the top of the mountain of the same name which is believed by Buddhists to be the foot print of lord “Gauthama Buddha”. This mountain, which is revered by Sri Lanka’s four main religions, is located within the Peak Wilderness Nature Reserve in close proximity to the type locality. Phenology:— Flowering in December and fruiting in February. Distribution and Habitat:— The new species is currently known only from Katukithula and Warnagla in Peak Wilderness Nature Reserve (Figure 1). It grows in the wet zone, in the transitional gradient between lowland rainforest and sub-montane forest at an elevation of 1130 m. This species inhabits areas along the nature trail appearing to prefer well-shaded areas of higher forest cover. Associated species are Syzygium alubo Kosterm (1981: 34), Garcinia echinocarpa Thwaites (1854: 71) and Aporosa fusiformis Thwaites (1861: 288). Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— SRI LANKA. RATNAPURA DISTRICT: Peak Wilderness Nature Reserve, Katukithula, 6.8038174 N & 80.4681832 E, 1130 m, 11 December 2021, Nilanthi, Gopallawa, Jayawardana & Jayasinghe BGAPK001 (PDA); same locality, same date, Nilanthi, Gopallawa, Jayawardana & Jayasinghe BGAPK002 (PDA); same locality, same date, Nilanthi, Gopallawa, Jayawardana & Jayasinghe BGAPK003 (PDA). Conservation status:— About 20 individuals were observed at, Katukithula with the extent of occurrence ca. 0.25 km 2. and about 25 individuals were observed at Warnagala with the extent of occurrence ca. 0.25 km 2 This newly described species may be facing the threat of extinction in the wild due to the low number of plants representing the entire known populations and its limited distribution. Between 2018 and 2021, it is shown that Katukithula population has a significant decline, with a loss of approximately 80% of the population. Furthermore, due to its presence along the edge of a path, there is a threat to this population from road clearing and weeding. Therefore, this new species is assigned to the category ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature guidelines (IUCN, 2019). Further field investigations are required to determine if other populations of S. sripadensis are present. Note:— A detailed comparison between the new species and S. pentandra is given in Table 1., Published as part of Nilanthi, Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Renuka, Gopallawa, Bhathiya, Jayawardana, Nuwan & Jayasinghe, Himesh Dilruwan, 2023, Strobilanthes sripadensis a new species of Acanthaceae from Sri Lanka, pp. 127-134 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on pages 128-131, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7840489, {"references":["Carine, M. A. & Scotland, R. W. (1998) Pollen morphology of Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) from southern India and Sri Lanka. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 103: 143 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0034 - 6667 (98) 00030 - X","Thwaites, G. H. K. (1854) Description of some new genera and species of Ceylon plants. Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 6: 65 - 72.","Thwaites, G. H. K. (1861) Enumeratio plantarum Zeylaniae 4. Dulau & Co., London, pp. 241 - 320.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. 113 pp. Available at http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 25 June 2022)"]}

Petalidium konkiepense Swanepoel & A.E.van Wyk, sp. nov. (Figs 1 & 2) Diagnosis: —A woody dwarf shrub up to 1 m tall, morphologically most similar to Petalidium linifolium, differing by having the leaf lamina oblanceolate or rarely a few narrowly lanceolate (sensu Lindley), flat, subconduplicate to conduplicate towards the apex (vs. linear or narrowly lanceolate [sensu Lindley], flat, often recurved towards the apex), pale green or yellow-green and not glossy (vs. pale to bright green and glossy, covered with a glutinous secretion), with midrib and 1–4 principal lateral veins each side (vs. principal lateral veins absent), venation prominent both sides (vs. adaxially only), indumentum puberulent, abaxially often with widely spaced short-stalked glandular and robust long-stalked multi-cellular glandular trichomes in addition (vs. glabrous, except for short conical trichomes adaxially). Type: — NAMIBIA.|| Kharas Region: Bethanien District, Farm Soutkuil 181. Along track to Farm Wegdraai 179, ca. 1 km from northernmost farmstead, 2717 AD, 806 m, 26 August 2022, Swanepoel 613 (holotype WIND!; isotypes PRE!, PRU!). Woody, dwarf shrub up to 1 m tall. Stems multi-stemmed from just below or above ground level from thick rootstock or main stem, up to 150 mm in diam., bark rough and fissured, grey or dark brownish grey; older distal stems rigid, cylindrical, bark smooth or longitudinally fissured, cream or white; young stems quadrangular, green, becoming white with age, puberulent, usually with widely spaced, long, robust, multi-cellular glandular or eglandular trichomes, glabrescent, cystoliths visible. Leaves opposite and decussate on new shoots, fascicled on older stems, subsessile; lamina oblanceolate, rarely few narrowly lanceolate (sensu Lindley), flat, often subconduplicate to conduplicate towards apex, often appearing linear (when dry margin strongly involute towards midrib), up to 24.0 × 4.4 mm, pale green, semi-succulent, puberulent, usually with widely spaced short-stalked glandular and robust long-stalked multicellular glandular trichomes on margins and abaxially on venation, apex acute, margin entire, slightly incrassate, midrib and 1–4 principal lateral veins conspicuous, pale green or pale yellow, prominently raised on both surfaces, cystoliths visible on both surfaces, often conspicuous on veins and margins. Flowers solitary, axillary; bracts absent; pedicels (below bracteoles) 3–6 mm long; bracteoles ovate, symmetrical, membranaceous, 15–21 × 9–12 mm, apex attenuate, apiculate, base sub-cordate, cordate, rounded or truncate, white or cream, often violet, indigo or brown in places, venation reticulate, prominent both sides, conspicuous, green, dark green, brown, violet or indigo, puberulent abaxially, with scattered short-stalked glandular trichomes in addition, midrib rectilinear, main veins and margins with widely spaced, robust, long-stalked, multi-cellular glandular and eglandular trichomes up to 4.5 mm long, adaxially glabrous to sparsely puberulent with short-stalked glandular trichomes in places, margins sparsely lanate, cystoliths linear or linear-oblanceolate, visible on midrib and lateral veins, often conspicuous. Calyx 6.1–10.9 mm long including basal tube of 1.6–3.3 mm long, lobes 5, regular, lanceolate, acute, unequal, 2.9–7.0 × 1.2–1.7 mm; puberulous abaxially and with scattered multi-cellular stalked glandular trichomes of various lengths, strigose adaxially with short-stalked glandular trichomes in addition, margins ciliate. Corolla with narrow unexpanded portion of tube cylindrical, slightly narrowing towards expanded part, laterally slightly flattened, 26–37 mm long with lobes straightened, narrow portion 8.0– 11.8 mm long, 1.9–3.6 mm diam., expanded portion 10.0– 11.8 mm long, distal part of narrow portion and expanded portion puberulous outside with scattered short-stalked glandular trichomes in addition, inside of anticous portion towards mouth with few long stiff white hairs, throat puberulous, inside otherwise glabrous; lobes patent, obovate, apices rounded, often retuse or truncate, margins entire, upper lobes free for 80–90%, overlapping, 10.0–11.1 × 7.5–12.5 mm, lateral lobes 10.0–13.1 × 7.0– 13.1 mm, front lobe 10.0–12.6 × 8.0– 13.7 mm, lobes violet (heliotrope), mauve or blue, front lobe with two narrowly triangular nectar guides, the latter pale yellow, indigo or inconspicuous, sometimes prominent, lateral lobes with two narrowly triangular indigo markings towards base; palate chestnut towards base of expanded portion, slightly prominently transversely 6–8-ribbed. Stamens didynamous, inserted dorsally in throat, free parts of filaments fused for 1.4–2.0 mm at base, fused part prominent, adnate to tube, free parts tapering towards apex, flattened, sparingly puberulous with few short-stalked glandular trichomes, longer filament 6.3–8.0 mm long, shorter filament 4.4–5.0 mm long, outer filament trace decurrent to base of tube, puberulous; filament curtain phaulopsoid (Manktelow 2000); anthers 2-thecous, thecae oblong, equal, 3.0– 3.5 mm long with scattered short-stalked glandular trichomes, apex obtuse, base with short lobes (sagittate). Gynoecium ca. 23 mm long; ovary ovoid, laterally compressed, 2.0 × 1.0– 1.3 mm, inserted on fleshy disc, towards apex with scattered short-stalked glandular trichomes; style filiform, 14–19 mm long, puberulous with in addition very short-stalked glandular trichomes, stigma lobes linear, unequal, longer lobe 1.0– 1.6 mm long, shorter lobe ca. 0.5–1.2 mm long. Capsule elliptic, 6.5–7.0 × 3.4–5.0 mm long, tawny, glossy, glabrous; seeds not seen. Phenology: —Flowers and fruit have been recorded from June to September. Distribution and habitat: —At present, Petalidium konkiepense is only known from the area between the lower Fish and Konkiep rivers. All known populations fall within the drainage area of the Konkiep River on the farms Churutabis-Sonntagsbrunn 108, Soutkuil 181, and Bobbejaankrans 180 in southern Namibia (Fig. 3). It occurs in the Northwest Canyon Lands Landscape unit of Burke (2017) on arid hillsides and along drainage lines at elevations of 780–900 m a.s.l., ca. 155 km inland from the Atlantic Ocean. Plants grow in shallow clayey soil among limestone or shale rocks (Fig. 1) of the sedimentary Nama Group (Mendelsohn et al. 2002). Average annual rainfall in the area is less than 50 mm and falls mainly in summer (Mendelsohn et al. 2002). Conservation status: — Petalidium konkiepense is known from only one location with four small sub-populations where it is locally common. Although a brief search at various other localities with seemingly suitable habitat did not reveal any plants, it is probably more widespread than currently known. Petalidium konkiepense is here considered to be in immediate conservation danger due to its restricted distribution. Although protected in the Canyon Nature Park, prolonged droughts and rising temperatures seem to have a negative effect on the species, since in all the subpopulations most plants show signs of die-back and are in poor condition with many dead branches. Admittedly, some plants manage episodic drought by dying back and resprouting, so this is not necessarily an indication that plants are in immediate danger of dying. Hence monitoring of the plants over a longer period of time is recommended to establish the permanence of the observed die-back. Given the small extent of occurrence (EOO) of 119 km ², the single location, and the observed die-back on most of the mature individuals, a conservation status of Endangered EN B1ab(v) is proposed (IUCN 2012). Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the Konkiep River (a tributary of the Fish River) in the Gariep Centre of Plant Endemism in southern Namibia. The name “Konkiep” (also spelled “Koin kieb”, “Konkip”, or “Koanquip”) is derived from the Khoesaan language Khoekhoegowab (Alexander 1838, Sprigade & Moisel 1904, Nienaber & Raper 1983, Raper et al. 2014). Its meaning, however, is uncertain and has most probably been lost in time. It has been claimed by some authorities that “Konkiep” is an adaptation of “Goageb” (also spelled “Goangib”), which is said to mean “the swollen twin river” (Nienaber & Raper 1983, Raper et al. 2014). However, we do not find this explanation convincing as, according to probably the earliest report on the geography of the region by Alexander (1838), Goageb (as “Gnuanuip”), is the name of a tributary of the Konkiep (as “Koanquip”) River. Notes: —In addition to P. linifolium (Fig. 4), the new species can also be confused with P. cymbiforme (Fig. 5), a species with relatively narrow leaves and a more or less similar distribution range (Fig. 3). However, the leaves of P. konkiepense are oblanceolate, rarely lanceolate (sensu Lindley) with principal lateral veins (vs. linear, rarely lanceolate [sensu Lindley], with lateral veins absent), the bracteoles are membranaceous, white or cream in colour (vs. cartilaginous, green, or pale green), and the colour of the corolla of P. konkiepense is violet (“heliotrope”), mauve or blue (vs. white or cream). Some of the morphological features to distinguish among P. konkiepense, P. linifolium, and P. cymbiforme are provided in Table 1. Also see Figs 4 & 5. All the mentioned species are from the infrageneric group composed of plants with regular, five-parted calyces (Obermeijer 1936, Tripp et al. 2017). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — NAMIBIA, || Kharas Region: Farm Churutabis-Sonntagsbrunn 108, at entrance gate to Fish River Lodge, 2717AD, 784 m, 27 August 2022, Swanepoel 615 (WIND!); On Soutkuil, 2717CB, 30 June 1986, Craven 2512 (WIND!); Farm Bobbejaankranz [Bobbejaankrans], on road from Soutkuil to house, 2717CB, 22 September 1989, Craven 3493 (WIND!); Bethanien District, Farm Soutkuil No. 181, 2717CB, no date, Owen-Smith 1203 (WIND!); Farm Soutkuil 181, track between Soutkuil and Farm Wegdraai 179, 5.7 km from northernmost farmstead on Soutkuil, 2717CB, 894 m, 26 August 2022, Swanepoel 614 (WIND); Farm Soutkuil 181, 2717CD, 14 July 1988, Craven 3332 (WIND!); Farm Soutkuil 181, approaching Soutkuil house from southern side, 2717CD, 1 July 1991, Craven 3936 (WIND!)., Published as part of Swanepoel, Wessel & Van Wyk, Abraham E., 2023, Petalidium konkiepense (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia, pp. 29-38 in Phytotaxa 585 (1) on pages 30-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7672906, {"references":["Pretoria, 1231 pp. IUCN (2012) IUCN red list categories and criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge U. K., iv + 32 pp. Manktelow, M. (2000) The filament curtain: a structure important to systematics and pollination biology in the Acanthaceae. Botanical","https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1863. tb 01056. x Beentje, H. (2016) The Kew plant glossary: an illustrated dictionary of plant terms, 2 nd ed. Kew Publishing, Kew, 184 pp. Burke, A. (2017) Biodiversity zoning in the Greater Fish River Canyon Landscape in southern Namibia. Namibian Journal of Environment","https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / bojl. 1999.0309 Mendelsohn, J., Jarvis, A., Roberts, C. & Robertson, T. (2002) Atlas of Namibia. Philip, Cape Town, 200 pp. Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1832) Acanthaceae India Orientalis. In: N. Wallich (Ed.), Plantae Asiaticae rariores: or descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants, vol. 3. Treuttel & Wurtz, London, pp. 41 - 117.","Alexander, J. E. (1838) An expedition of discovery into the interior of Africa, through the hitherto undescribed countries of the Great","https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 468 Nienaber, G. S. & Raper, P. E. (1983) Hottentot (Khoekhoen) place names. Butterworth, Durban, 243 pp. Obermeijer, A. A. (1936) The South African species of Petalidium. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18: 151 - 162. Raper, P. E., Moller, L. A. & Du Plessis, T. (2014) Dictionary of southern African place names. Jonathan Ball, Johannesburg, 566 pp. Schinz, H. (1926) Acanthaceae. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich 71: 145 - 146. Sprigade, P. & Moisel, M. (Eds.) (1904) Kriegskarte von Deutsch-Sudwestafrika 1: 800 000. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, set of eight maps","Tripp, E. A., Tsai, Y. E., Zhuang, Y. & Dexter, K. G. (2017) RADseq dataset with 90 % missing data fully resolves recent radiation of Petalidium (Acanthaceae) in the ultra-arid deserts of Namibia. Ecology and Evolution 7: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.3274"]}

Petalidium konkiepense, here described as a new species, is only known from the Gariep Centre of Plant Endemism in southern Namibia, where it grows on arid hillsides and along drainage lines. Diagnostic morphological characters for P. konkiepense include the rigid, cylindrical distal stems (quadrangular when young), grey or dark brownish grey bark (white to cream when young), densely puberulent vegetative parts with widely spaced robust glandular and eglandular trichomes, and the oblanceolate leaves with prominent midrib and principal lateral veins. A comparison of some of the more prominent features to differentiate Petalidium konkiepense from its morphologically most similar relatives, P. linifolium and P. cymbiforme, is provided. Based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria, a conservation assessment of Endangered under criteria B1 is recommended for the new species.

[1] Avicennia germinans (L.) L. (Fig. 6A) Sp. Pl., ed. 3, 2: 891 (Linnaeus 1764). — Bontia germinans L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1122 [7 Jun. 1759] (Linnaeus 1759). Avicennia nitida Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 25 [Aug.-Sep. 1760] (Jacquin 1760). — Hilairanthus nitidus (Jacq.) Tiegh., J. Bot. [Morot] 12: 358 (Tieghem 1898). — Avicennia officinalis L. var. nitida (Jacq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 502 [5 Nov. 1891] (Kuntze 1891). Avicennia tomentosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 25 [Aug.-Sep. 1760] (Jacquin 1760). — Hilairanthus tomentosus (Jacq.) Tiegh., J. Bot. [Morot] 12: 358 (Tieghem 1898). Avicennia africana P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 1: 80 (Palisot 1806). Avicennia tomentosa var. campechensis Kunth, Nova genera et species plantarum [H.B.K.] 2: 284 [8 June 1818] (Kunth 1818). Avicennia tomentosa var. cumanensis Kunth, Nova genera et species plantarum [H.B.K.] 2: 283 [8 June 1818] (Kunth 1818). — Avicennia germinans var. cumanensis (Kunth) Moldenke, Phytologia 30 (1): 15 [23 Jan. 1975] (Moldenke 1975). Avicennia tomentosa var. guayaquilensis Kunth, Nova genera et species plantarum [H.B.K.] 2: 284 [8 June 1818] (Kunth 1818). — Avicennia germinans var. guayaquilensis (Kunth) Moldenke, Phytologia 29 (2): 75 [19 Nov. 1974] (Moldenke 1974). Avicennia elliptica Thunb., Pl. Bras. 3: 37 (Thunberg 1821). Avicennia floridana Raf., Atlantic J.: 148 (Rafinesque 1832). Avicennia lamarckiana C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 529 [Jul.-Dec. 1845] (Presl 1845). Avicennia meyeri Miq., Linnaea 18: 262 [“1844” publ. Feb(-May?) 1845] (Miquel 1845). Avicennia oblongifolia Nutt. ex Chapm., Fl. South. U.S.: 310 [14 Aug. 1860] (Chapman 1860). Avicennia floridana Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 64 (Gandoger 1918), nom. illeg. hom., non Raf. (Rafinesque 1832). Avicennia nitida var. trinitensis Moldenke, Phytologia 1 (2): 96 [4 Aug. 1934] (Moldenke 1934). Avicennia germinans f. aberrans Moldenke, Phytologia 47 (3): 222 [Dec. 1980] (Moldenke 1980). Avicennia germinans f. brasiliensis Moldenke, Phytologia 47 (3): 222 [Dec. 1980] (Moldenke 1980). Avicennia germinans f. venezuelensis Moldenke, Phytologia 47 (3): 222 [Dec. 1980] (Moldenke 1980). NOTES. — A species restricted to mangrove forests. Replacement of Bontia L. by Avicennia Jacq. already appears in errata of Species Plantarum, ed. 2 (Linnaeus 1763, 2: 1684, typographical error “990” for 890), but as for genus only. It was fully incorporated in ed. 3 for species (Linnaeus 1764: 891) (see Compère 1963). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: payuy • Ka: apali’ɨ, apaliyu • Nt: paluwa • Cr: pativyé-blan • Fr: palétuvier blanc • Br: siriúba. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 36 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: M.-F. Prévost 3900, 15 m × 18 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 362, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["LINNAEUS C. VON 1764. - Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, ed. 3. Vol. 2. J. T. Trattner, Vienna, 1682 p. + index.","LINNAEUS C. VON 1763. - Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, ed. 2. Vol. 2. Lars Salvius, Stockholm (Holmia), 1684 p. + index.","COMPERE P. 1963. - The correct name of the Afro-American black mangrove. Taxon 12 (4): 150 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1216183"]}

Justicia tanalensis S. Moore (1906: 220). (Figs. 1, 2, 3) Type:— MADAGASCAR. Fianarantsoa, Amoron’i Mania, Ambositra, Tanala, Ambohimitombo Forest, 1350–1450 m, 27 November, 1894, Forsysth-Major 414 (lectotype designated here!: BM [BM000931344], Fig. 2, digital image!). Terrestrial or lithophytic, prostrate, rhizomatous herbs, up to 70 cm long. Rhizome trailing with adventitious roots. Stems branched, with internodes 0.5–2.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent with short brown hairs. Petiole 1–2.2 mm long, sparsely pubescent with short brown trichomes; leaf blades dark green above, whitish-green or greyish-green below, lanceolate, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, base obtuse to rounded, margin entire, apex attenuate or sometimes mucronate apiculate, both surfaces sparsely pubescent with sparse hairs along main veins, more numerous along margins, hairs brown; cystoliths linear; lateral veins 3–4 pairs, brochidodromous, ascending. Inflorescences of axillary, spiciform cymes, 1.5–3.5 cm long, axes sparsely pubescent with short spreading translucid eglandular hairs. Bracts linear, ca. 0.3 mm long; bracteoles longer than bracts, linear or ensiform, often curved, ca. 0.5 mm long, both sparsely with short indumentum. Calyx divided into 4 subequal lobes, lobes linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long, ornamented with black dots, sparsely pubescent. Corolla ca. 7 mm long, white, with purplish marking in throat; tube with basal conic portion ca. 4 mm long; limb 2-lipped, upper lip of two slightly rounded lobes ca. 3 mm long; lower lip divided into 3-lobes, lateral lobes rounded, median lobe slightly elliptic, ca. 2 mm long. Stamens included within corolla tube, inserted ca. 2 mm from base of corolla; filaments ca. 2 mm long; anthers ca. 0.5 mm long. Ovary dark brown, ca. 0.3 mm, glabrous; style brown, ca. 4.7 mm long, with very sparse short hairs; style ca. 4.2 mm long; stigma with one expanded, flattened small lobe. Capsule brown, 2-seeded, ca. 4 × 1.2 mm, sessile, surface glabrous, slightly verrucose; seed brown, rounded, ca. 0.2 mm diameter, surface slightly verrucose and glabrous. Phenology:— Flowering from September to January. Distribution and ecology:— The species is found at Antavolobe Iaroka forest, Moramanga in Alaotra-Mangoro region and in Ambohimitombo forest, Ambositra in Amoron’i Mania region, central highland of Madagascar (Fig. 4). This region is described by Moat and Smith (2007) as mid-elevation humid forest. It grows on mossy rock outcrops. There is a possibility that Justicia tanalensis occurs in further adjacent areas that have not yet been fully explored. Conservation status:— Justicia tanalensis is known only from three collections from Antavolobe Iaroka and Ambohimitombo forests, occurring within two threat-defined locations in the central highland mid-elevation forests of Madagascar. But regarding the potential range of its distribution, the species may occur along the forest corridor between the two locations with an EOO; defined as the area contained within the shortest continuous imaginary boundary which can be drawn to encompass all the known, inferred or projected sites of present occurrence of a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy (IUCN, 2014), of 5,894 km 2 and an AOO, defined as the area within its extent of occurrence, which is occupied by a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy (IUCN), of 28 km 2 automatically calculated using the Kew’s GeoCat (http://geocat.kew.org/; Bachman et al. 2011) platform, estimated from the currently known localities. From its range, the major threat of this species is the habitat loss due to bushfire, illegal logging and slash and burn agriculture. Hence, this species should be assessed as Endangered under the criterion EN B2ab (I, II, III), following the categories and criteria of the IUCN (2014). Additional specimens examined:— MADAGASCAR. Fianarantsoa: Ambositra, Tanala, Ambohimitombo Forest, 1350–1450 m, 19 January 1895, Forsyth-Major 414 (BM, K); Toamasina: Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Antavolobe Iaroka Forest, 19º01′32.49″S; 48º26′28.29″E, 1150 m, 24 September 2019, OLG 1501 (TAN, HIB); same locality, 12 November, 2019, SAJIT 3367 (TAN, HIB). Lectotypification:— Justicia tanalensis was described by Moore (1906) based on the collection Forsyth-Major 414 collected from Ambohimitombo forest, Tanala, District of Ambositra, region of Amoron’i Mania, province of Fianarantsoa. In searching the online herbarium, two herbarium sheets were traced at herbaria BM and K respectively. On the sheet at BM, it includes two different specimens collected on 27 November 1894 (BM000931344) and 19 January 1895 (BM0009313690), which are separated by pencil lines (Fig. 2). The sheet at K consists of only one specimen collected on January 19, 1895 (K000378558, Fig. 3). According to Art. 8.2 Footnote 2 of the ICN, the collection Forsyth-Major 414 comprises two different gatherings collected at the same locality with same collection number but at different time. According to Art. 9.6, all of them are syntypes since the original author did not indicate any one as the holotype, and they may be the candidate of the lectotype. Among these specimens, the duplicate BM000931344 is selected to serve as the lectotype for the name J. tanalensis here, because it is the best one with the complete flower preserved and bears a label printed the phrase “type specimen” by the haberium manager even though it has not yet effectively published. Systematic notes:— The recent molecular evidence indicates that the genus Justicia is paraphyletic whereas the genus in the New World is monophyletic (McDade et al. 2000; Kiel et al. 2017). Morphological and color traits of the flowers, as well as the shape, the size and the inflorescence type, are highly diverse (Kiel et al. 2017). According to the work of Rueangsawang et al. (2019), the genus is sister to subtribe Diclipterinae including Peristrophe Nees (1832: 112), which was transferred to Dicliptera Jussieu (1807: 267) by Darbyshire & Vollesen (2007), and Hypoestes Sol. ex Brown (1810: 474). Furthermore, J. tanalensis belongs to the sect. Rostellaria Anderson (1863: 38), one of the sixteen sections described by Graham in 1988, which is characterized by an inflorescence with a simple spike with two or a single flower per node, the axis eglandular, and the bracts are narrowly triangular, shorter than the calyx. As well, this section is sister to the sect. Harnieria (Solms 1867: 109) Bentham (1867: 1109) and sect. Monechma Hochstetter (1841: 374) from the Old World (Kiel et al. 2017). Morphologically, J. tanalensis is close to J. delicatula Scott Elliot (1891: 39) where the type was recorded in Fort-Dauphin (Taolagnaro), South East of Madagascar but with some differences from J. delicatula by the leaf shape being lanceolate, smaller, apex attenuate or sometimes mucronate apiculate, sparsely covered by cystoliths and sparsely pubescents, petiole 1–2.2 mm long. The inflorescence is 1.5–3.5 cm long, calyx is sparsely pubescent. J. delicatula is erect, with broader leaves, ovates, with presence of prominent raphids on both sides, larger nerves reddish-yellow, spikes 1.5–2.5 cm long; capsules 6 mm long, seeds ovoid, echinulate., Published as part of Onjalalaina, Uy. E., Jiang, Hui, Rakotonasolo, Andrimalala R., Wanga, Vincent Okelo & Hu, Guang-Wan, 2022, Reappraisal and lectotypification of Justicia tanalensis S. Moore (Acanthaceae), rediscovered from central Madagascar more than 100 years since the last collection, pp. 293-300 in Phytotaxa 573 (2) on pages 294-298, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7350020, {"references":["Moore, S. (1906) Alabastra Diversa - Part XIII. Journal of Botany 44: 217 - 224.","Moat, J. & Smith, S. (2007) Atlas of Vegetation of Madagascar. London, Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew publishing, 124 pp.","IUCN (2014) IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 11. Gland, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom, 33 pp.","Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A. W., de Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 150.2109","McDade, L. A., Daniel, T. F., Masta, S. E. & Riley, K. M. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Justicieae (Acanthaceae): Evidence from molecular sequences, morphology, and cytology. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 87: 435 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2666140","Kiel, C. A., Daniel, T. F., Darbyshire, I. & McDade, L. A. (2017) Unravelling relationships in the morphologically diverse and taxonomically challenging \" justicioid \" lineage (Acanthaceae: Justicieae). Taxon 66: 645 - 674. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 663.8","Rueangsawang, K., Chantaranothai, P. & Simpson, D. A. (2019) Two new species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from northern Thailand. Kew Bulletin 74: 40 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 019 - 9832 - 3","Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1832) Acanthaceae indiae orientalis. In: Wallich, N. (ed.) Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 3. Treuttel & Wurtz, London. pp. 70 - 117.","De Jussieu, A. L. (1807) Memoire sur le Dicliptera et le Blechum, genres nouveaux de plantes, composes de plusieurs especes auparavant reunis au Justicia. Annales du Museium d'Histoire naturelle 9: 267 - 269.","Darbyshire, I. & Vollesen, K. (2007) The Transfer of the Genus Peristrophe to Dicliptera (Acanthaceae), with a New Species Described from Eastern Africa. Kew Bulletin 62 (1): 119 - 128.","Brown, R. (1810) Acanthaceae. In: Taylor, R. (ed.) Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et insulae Van-Diemen 1: 472 - 481.","Anderson, T. (1863) An enumeration of the species of Acanthaceae from the Continent of Africa and the adjacent Islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 7: 13 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1863. tb 01056. x","Hochstetter, C. F. F. (1841) Plantarum Nubicarun nova genera. Flora oder allgemeine botanische Zeitung 24: 369 - 384."]}

Phlogacanthus jenkinsii C.B. Clarke (1885: 511) [Figs. 1,2]. Lectotype:—(designated by Maity & Dash 2020): INDIA. Assam: s.d., Jenkins s.n. (K, barcode K000950015, digital image!). Description: — Shrubs, up to 3 m tall; stem stout, quadrangular, sometimes ridged, pubescent when young, glabrous on maturity, green–red; leaves elliptic–lanceolate, 4–17(20) × 1.5–4.5(7) cm, apex acute–caudate, entire, cuneate, green, glabrous on both surface, petiolate; petiole ca. 4 cm long; inflorescence axillary, compact thyrse, ca. 7 cm long, many-flowered, peduncled; peduncle up to 4 cm long, puberulent; flowers zygomorphic, pedicellate; pedicel up to 5 mm long, puberulous; bracteate; bract 1 per flower, up to 2 mm long, linear, green, pubescent; bracteolate; bracteoles 2 per flower, subulate, ca. 1 mm long, green, dense pubescent; calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, densely grey pubescent; tube very short, ca. 2mm long; lobes linear–lanceolate, up to 1 cm long; corolla 2-lipped, slightly curved, 2–2.5 cm long, orange-yellow, pubescent outside; tube broader towards apex, 1.5–1.8 cm long, slightly curved; upper lip ca. 5 mm long, 2-lobed; lower lip ca. 2 mm long, 3-lobed; stamens 2, slightly exerted; filaments ca. 1.5 cm long, orange, mostly glabrous, filiform except base; base curved, slightly broader than apex, pubescent; anthers oblong, ca. 3 mm long, parallel, introrse, brown–greenish; staminodes 2, very minute, obscure, ridge like, only be seen in most mature flowers; ovary ovoid-oblong, ca. 4 mm long, green, glabrous, 2-chambered, 12-ovuled; style filiform, curved at apex, green–orange, glabrous; stigma minute, 2-cleft; fruits not seen. Vernacular name:—Kawldai-Par-Eng (Mizo) Phenology:—Flowering from January to March. Distribution:— India (Assam, Manipur, Mizoram) and Myanmar. Specimens examined:— INDIA. Mizoram: Rulchawm, ca. 1100 m, 27 January 2022, M. Sawmliana s.n., (ARUN). Assam: 1829, s.coll., s.n., (K); Manipur: 1881–1882, G. Watt 7360, (CAL). MYANMAR. Katha State: Kadu Hill, 3000 ft, 23 February 1910, J.H. Lace 5121 (E); “Upper Burmah, Valley of the Taping”, 2000 ft, February 1914, G. Forrest 12170 (E); Sumprabum Sub-Division, “Two miles north west of Kanang”, 6500 ft, March 1962, J. Keenan, U Tun Aung & U Tha Hla 3900 (E). Threat assessment as per IUCN guidelines (IUCN, 2012a, 2012b, 2019):— The species was known from five collections from Assam and Manipur without any precise locality. During our present study, we have collected the species from four localities in and around Rulchawm, Mizoram. Based on the present and past collections the area of occupancy (AOO) is calculated to 500 km 2 with very limited distribution at less than 5 locations where the habitats are continuously shrinking due to developmental works. Therefore, the taxon is assessed here as endangered [EN B2ab(iii)] in India., Published as part of Maity, Rohan, Sawmliana, Mal & Dash, Sudhansu Sekhar, 2022, Rediscovery of Phlogacanthus jenkinsii (Acanthaceae) from India after 140 years, pp. 286-292 in Phytotaxa 573 (2) on pages 287-289, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7350012, {"references":["Maity, R. & Dash, S. S. (2020) Lectotypification of seven names in genus Phlogacanthus (Acanthaceae). Nelumbo 62 (2): 266 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.20324 / nelumbo / v 62 / 2020 / 157463","IUCN. (2012 a) IUCN Red list Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. (2 nd ed.) Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom, 32 pp. Available at: www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / categories-and-criteria (accessed 22 November 2022)","IUCN. (2012 b) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red list Categories and Criteria at Regional and National Levels. Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. Available at: www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / categories-and-criteria (accessed 22 November 2022)","IUCN. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red list Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available at: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 22 November 2022)"]}

Nilanthi, Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Renuka, Samarakoon, Hiruna, Jayawardana, Nuwan, Hathurusinghe, Bhagya, Wijesundara, Siril, Bandaranayake, Pradeepa Chandani Gunathilake (2022): Strobilanthes glandulata (Acanthaceae), a new species from Sri Lanka based on the morphological and molecular evidences. Phytotaxa 573 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.573.1.1

Strobilanthes glandulata Nilanthi, sp. nov. (Figures 5 & 7) Type:— SRI LANKA. Central province: Kandy District, Madugoda, 14 Feb 1928, Alston 1966 (holotype PDA!). Diagnosis:— Strobilanthes glandulata is closely related to S. lupulina (Figure 6 & 8).but differs by having slender rounded (not stout quadrangular) stem, ovate (not broadly elliptic) leaves, leaf margin dentate (not serrate), flowers in oval-elongated heads (not in short heads), bracts well-spaced (not compact), margin crenate (not entire), and 3-4 ribs which are completely encircle the poles of pollen (all ribs joined at poles) Description:— Shrubs, 1–2 m high. Stem slender, rounded, glabrescent below, hispid-pubescent above, muchbranched, young shoots pale green, becoming dark brown when old. Leaves unequal, variable in size; blades ovate, 3–14 × 1.5–8 cm, apex acuminate, base attenuate, margin dentate, hispid on the upper surface, bullate above, cystoliths numerous, decurrent on the petiole; petioles 1.3–7.5 cm long, hispid. Inflorescences terminal and axillary oval-elongated heads; peduncles 3.5–4 cm long, hispid; heads 4.5–6.1 cm long. Bracts distinct, broadly ovate, obtuse, concave, margin crenate with dotted glands, densely covered with glandular-hairs, lower bracts 3–10 × 2–4 mm, smaller than the upper bracts 10–15 × 4–7.5 mm. Calyx 5–6 mm long, oblong, glabrous, lobes equal. Corolla 21–25 mm long, 8–12 mm wide, pale purple, funnel-shaped, glabrous outside, glandular pubescent inside, lobes ovate, obtuse, 3 mm long, 4 mm wide. Stamens 4, included, 2-longer and 2-shorter, longer stamina filament 15–18 mm long, shorter stamina filament 7–9 mm long, stamina filament pubescent. Pollen ellipsoid, tricolporate, P/E = 1.3, ribs 18, ribs have solid aggregates of raised supratectal elements, endoaperture elongate (Figure 2). Ovary ca. 2× 1 mm, apex pubescent, style 18–22 mm long, filiform, pubescent on lower part; stigma linear, ca. 2 mm long, simple, glabrous. Capsule not seen. Etymology:— The epithet “ glandulata ” refers to the glandular-hairs on the bracts. Phenology:— Flowering from March to May. Habitat:— The new species grows in the shady places among rocks in the banks of streams and edges of nature trails (Figure 9). Distribution:— It is rather restricted in undisturbed habitat in Rambukoluwa, at an elevation of 282 m towards the eastern slope of the Knuckles Mountain and Madugoda in Sri Lanka. Whereas S. lupulina shows quite widespread distributions at low and high altitudes of the wet zone at an elevation of 100–1800m. Conservation Status:—From 2016 to 2021, we visited Madugoda for several times. However we were unable to rediscover S. glandulata from Madugoda. Destruction of natural habitats due to agriculture and development projects could be the main reason for the disappearance of this species from the type locality. As a result, the study determined that the only remaining population of S. glandulata is in Rambukoluwa. Approximately, 300 individuals have been noted in the Rambukoluwa area, and it seems that the species is well-adapted to the habitat. There is a threat to this population due to road construction for the Kaluganga project. Therefore, S. glandulata could be classified as Critically Endangered (B1ab, ii, iii, v; B2ab, ii, iii, v) following the IUCN Status Categories under Criterion Additional specimens of Strobilanthes glandulata examined (paratypes):— Matale District, Eastern slope of Knuckles mountain at Rambukoluwa, E 202704 N 258834, 282 m, 24April 2019, RMRN_123 (PDA!). S pecimens of Strobilanthes lupulina examined:—Matale District: Lagalla, Sept 1893, Trimen s.n.. (PDA); Kagalle District: Kalugala, 28 Aug 1927, Alston 877 (PDA); Across river from Kitulgala, 6 Nov 1967, Comanor 540 (PDA); Ambarawella, 23 Aug 1968, Amaratunga 1629 (PDA); Kalutara District: Kalugala, 28 Jun 1975, Waas 1290 (PDA); Kalwana-Agalawatta, 27 mile post, 9 Sep 1975, Sumithraarachchi et al. 1010 (PDA); Kalugala Forest, Pahala Hewessa, 6 Nov 1975, Sohmer & Waas 10276 (PDA); half mile north of Pahala Hewessa, 17 Feb 1977. B. & K. Bremer 810 (PDA), RATNAPURA DISTRICT: Kokawatte, Sinharaja Forest, Dec 1893, Trimen S.N. (PDA); Nuwara Eliya District: Gardner in Thwaites C.P. 254 (PDA); Road from Pundaluoya to highway A5 and Nuwara Eliya, 26 Dec 1970, Theobald & Krahulik 2818 (PDA)., Published as part of Nilanthi, Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Renuka, Samarakoon, Hiruna, Jayawardana, Nuwan, Hathurusinghe, Bhagya, Wijesundara, Siril & Bandaranayake, Pradeepa Chandani Gunathilake, 2022, Strobilanthes glandulata (Acanthaceae), a new species from Sri Lanka based on the morphological and molecular evidences, pp. 1-14 in Phytotaxa 573 (1) on pages 7-11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7329401

Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Fig. 1; Table 1). Lepidagathis decumbens sp. nov. resembles L. diffusa C.B. Clarke, but differs in having erect and decumbent habit, short internodes, long unilateral spikes, multicelled glandular hairs, sericeous floral parts and ovate-suborbicular seeds (Table 1). TYPE MATERIAL. — India. Tamil Nadu, Dharmapuri district, Thippampatti village, 12°14’53.304”N, 78°16’31.980”E, alt. c. 358 m, 25.X.2013, N. Dhatchanamoorthy 1295 (holo-, HIFP! • iso-, RHT!). ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet “ decumbens ” describes the erect and geniculate habit of the plant. DISTRIBUTION. — Lepidagathis decumbens sp. nov. is endemic to Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu, South India. PHENOLOGY. — Flowering and fruiting from October to January. ECOLOGY. — Dry, red, barren and gravel mixed soils at an elevation of 300-400 m a.s.l. Associated with Andrographis serpyllifolia (Vahl) Wight, Aristida hystrix L.f., Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell, Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. & Schult.f., Indigofera cordifolia Roth, I. linnaei Ali, Mollugo stricta L. Oldenlandia umbellata L., Oropetium thomaeum (L.f.) Trin., Senna italica Mill. and Tribulus subramanyamii P.Singh, G.S.Giri &V.Singh. CONSERVATION STATUS. — This species occurs in an area of only about one hectare which lies between the segments of Eastern Ghats. The population has about 50 mature individuals, there is a possibility that the species may occur in nearby areas with similar ecological niches. However, these habitats are yet to be explored. The species is currently categorized as ‘Data Deficient’ following IUCN (2020) criteria and categories. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — India. Tamil Nadu, Dharmapuri district, Thippampatti village, 12°14’53.304”N, 78°16’31.980”E, 30.XI.2015, N. Dhatchanamoorthy, P. Raja & S. Soosairaj 2125 (SJC). DESCRIPTION Erect-decumbent herb, perennial, with woody rootstock; branches up to 30 cm long, stem terete, young branches purplish, scabrid-glabrescent; internodes up to 1 cm long. Leaves opposite, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 0.8-2.5 × 0.3-0.5 cm, sessile, attenuate at base, entire at margins, apex curved and spiny; lateral nerves 3-5, prominent at abaxial surface, indistinct on adaxial surface, scabrous hairy on both sides, leaf scars prominent. Inflorescence axillary, spike unilateral, 3-6 × 1-1.5 cm. Bracts lanceolate, 1.2 × 0.3 cm, truncate at base, acute-acuminate at apex, spiny, outer surface glandular sericeous, inner surface sericeous, margin with long hispid hairs in lower 2/3, scabridulous at apex, midnerve prominent. Bracteoles lanceolate, 10 × 2.8 mm, acute-acuminate, glandular sericeous, midnerve prominent, laterals actinodromus, spiny at apex. Calyx 5 lobed, 8.5-9 mm long, minutely mucronate-spiny at apex, outer surface glandular sericeous, inner surface sericeous; posterior sepal broader, lanceolate, 8.5 × 3.5 mm, acute-acuminate; anterior sepals 2, connate up to middle, lanceolate, 8.5 × 1.5 mm; lateral sepals 2, linear, 8.5 × 1.2 mm, smaller than the others. Corolla white, c. 1.4 cm long, 1 cm across, hispid on outer surface except at base; sparsely hispid inside, purple with yellow spots along the ribs, lobes 5, glabrous inside, upper 2 lobes connate, obtuse, emarginate, lower 3 lobes, median broader than the lateral, obtuse, emarginate, margins sinuate, lateral lobes obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous, dorsifixed, filament 2-3.5 mm long, sparsely glandular; anthers ovoid-oblong, c. 2 mm long, bearded, pollen 3-colporate, 41.81-48.85 × 28.22-32.26 µm, exine thin, c. 3.52 µm, reticulate. Disk annular; ovary ovoid, c. 1.2 × 1 mm, glabrous; 2-locular; ovules 2 in each cell; style slender, 6 mm long, hispidglandular at base; stigma slightly bifid, glabrous. Capsules shorter than calyx, ovate-oblong, c. 6 × 4 mm, glabrous. Seeds 2, ovoid-suborbicular, c. 3.5 × 3 mm, densely short mucilaginous hairy. TAXONOMIC NOTES The distinguished characters between the species were compared (Table 1) with their images (Fig. 2). Lepidagathis diffusa is a prostrate herb, with up to 3 cm long internodes, leaf nerves prominent on both surfaces, spike dense, ovoid-oblong at upper axils, and the seeds are oblong with long mucilaginous hairs whereas the new species is erect-decumbent herb, with up to 1 cm short internodes, leaves linear-oblong and nerves indistinct on adaxial surface, spike oblong (unilateral) up to 6 cm long at leaf scar axils, floral parts glandular sericeous, and the seeds are ovoid-suborbicular with short mucilaginous hairs (Fig. 1). Anatomically, leaves of Lepidagathis diffusa have simple and non-glandular hairs, cystoliths on both surfaces, anisocytic and diacytic types of stomata. The cross section (CS) of stem shows vascular bundles (VB) surrounded by 2 layers of sclerenchyma cells, uniseriate medullary rays, absence of intra-xylary phloem and presence of acicular crystals at pith. Anatomy of L. decumbens leaves shows simple and four lobed glandular foliage hairs, cystoliths occur only on abaxial surface, epidermal peel has only diacytic type of stomata. The CS of stem shows VB surrounded by 3 layers of sclerenchyma cells, uni- and biseriate medullary rays, presence of intra-xylary phloem, and absence of acicular crystals (Fig. 3; Table 2) at pith. The SEM images of seeds from the two species clearly represented the difference in size and shape, particularly the base of seeds and the length of hydrophilic hairs (Fig. 4). In all, clear differences in morphology, anatomy, reproductive features and SEM images are strongly evidenced to confirm this Lapidagathis was new and named as L. decumbens.

Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Fig. 1; Table 1). Lepidagathis decumbens sp. nov. resembles L. diffusa C.B. Clarke, but differs in having erect and decumbent habit, short internodes, long unilateral spikes, multicelled glandular hairs, sericeous floral parts and ovate-suborbicular seeds (Table 1). TYPE MATERIAL. — India. Tamil Nadu, Dharmapuri district, Thippampatti village, 12°14’53.304”N, 78°16’31.980”E, alt. c. 358 m, 25.X.2013, N. Dhatchanamoorthy 1295 (holo-, HIFP! • iso-, RHT!). ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet “ decumbens ” describes the erect and geniculate habit of the plant. DISTRIBUTION. — Lepidagathis decumbens sp. nov. is endemic to Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu, South India. PHENOLOGY. — Flowering and fruiting from October to January. ECOLOGY. — Dry, red, barren and gravel mixed soils at an elevation of 300-400 m a.s.l. Associated with Andrographis serpyllifolia (Vahl) Wight, Aristida hystrix L.f., Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell, Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. & Schult.f., Indigofera cordifolia Roth, I. linnaei Ali, Mollugo stricta L. Oldenlandia umbellata L., Oropetium thomaeum (L.f.) Trin., Senna italica Mill. and Tribulus subramanyamii P.Singh, G.S.Giri &V.Singh. CONSERVATION STATUS. — This species occurs in an area of only about one hectare which lies between the segments of Eastern Ghats. The population has about 50 mature individuals, there is a possibility that the species may occur in nearby areas with similar ecological niches. However, these habitats are yet to be explored. The species is currently categorized as ‘Data Deficient’ following IUCN (2020) criteria and categories. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — India. Tamil Nadu, Dharmapuri district, Thippampatti village, 12°14’53.304”N, 78°16’31.980”E, 30.XI.2015, N. Dhatchanamoorthy, P. Raja & S. Soosairaj 2125 (SJC). DESCRIPTION Erect-decumbent herb, perennial, with woody rootstock; branches up to 30 cm long, stem terete, young branches purplish, scabrid-glabrescent; internodes up to 1 cm long. Leaves opposite, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 0.8-2.5 × 0.3-0.5 cm, sessile, attenuate at base, entire at margins, apex curved and spiny; lateral nerves 3-5, prominent at abaxial surface, indistinct on adaxial surface, scabrous hairy on both sides, leaf scars prominent. Inflorescence axillary, spike unilateral, 3-6 × 1-1.5 cm. Bracts lanceolate, 1.2 × 0.3 cm, truncate at base, acute-acuminate at apex, spiny, outer surface glandular sericeous, inner surface sericeous, margin with long hispid hairs in lower 2/3, scabridulous at apex, midnerve prominent. Bracteoles lanceolate, 10 × 2.8 mm, acute-acuminate, glandular sericeous, midnerve prominent, laterals actinodromus, spiny at apex. Calyx 5 lobed, 8.5-9 mm long, minutely mucronate-spiny at apex, outer surface glandular sericeous, inner surface sericeous; posterior sepal broader, lanceolate, 8.5 × 3.5 mm, acute-acuminate; anterior sepals 2, connate up to middle, lanceolate, 8.5 × 1.5 mm; lateral sepals 2, linear, 8.5 × 1.2 mm, smaller than the others. Corolla white, c. 1.4 cm long, 1 cm across, hispid on outer surface except at base; sparsely hispid inside, purple with yellow spots along the ribs, lobes 5, glabrous inside, upper 2 lobes connate, obtuse, emarginate, lower 3 lobes, median broader than the lateral, obtuse, emarginate, margins sinuate, lateral lobes obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous, dorsifixed, filament 2-3.5 mm long, sparsely glandular; anthers ovoid-oblong, c. 2 mm long, bearded, pollen 3-colporate, 41.81-48.85 × 28.22-32.26 µm, exine thin, c. 3.52 µm, reticulate. Disk annular; ovary ovoid, c. 1.2 × 1 mm, glabrous; 2-locular; ovules 2 in each cell; style slender, 6 mm long, hispidglandular at base; stigma slightly bifid, glabrous. Capsules shorter than calyx, ovate-oblong, c. 6 × 4 mm, glabrous. Seeds 2, ovoid-suborbicular, c. 3.5 × 3 mm, densely short mucilaginous hairy. TAXONOMIC NOTES The distinguished characters between the species were compared (Table 1) with their images (Fig. 2). Lepidagathis diffusa is a prostrate herb, with up to 3 cm long internodes, leaf nerves prominent on both surfaces, spike dense, ovoid-oblong at upper axils, and the seeds are oblong with long mucilaginous hairs whereas the new species is erect-decumbent herb, with up to 1 cm short internodes, leaves linear-oblong and nerves indistinct on adaxial surface, spike oblong (unilateral) up to 6 cm long at leaf scar axils, floral parts glandular sericeous, and the seeds are ovoid-suborbicular with short mucilaginous hairs (Fig. 1). Anatomically, leaves of Lepidagathis diffusa have simple and non-glandular hairs, cystoliths on both surfaces, anisocytic and diacytic types of stomata. The cross section (CS) of stem shows vascular bundles (VB) surrounded by 2 layers of sclerenchyma cells, uniseriate medullary rays, absence of intra-xylary phloem and presence of acicular crystals at pith. Anatomy of L. decumbens leaves shows simple and four lobed glandular foliage hairs, cystoliths occur only on abaxial surface, epidermal peel has only diacytic type of stomata. The CS of stem shows VB surrounded by 3 layers of sclerenchyma cells, uni- and biseriate medullary rays, presence of intra-xylary phloem, and absence of acicular crystals (Fig. 3; Table 2) at pith. The SEM images of seeds from the two species clearly represented the difference in size and shape, particularly the base of seeds and the length of hydrophilic hairs (Fig. 4). In all, clear differences in morphology, anatomy, reproductive features and SEM images are strongly evidenced to confirm this Lapidagathis was new and named as L. decumbens., Published as part of Dhatchanamoorthy, Narayanasamy, Karthikeyan, Chinnasamy, Raja, Prakasam, Soosairaj, Sebastian & Balachandran, Natesan, 2022, Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species from Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 321-329 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (24) on pages 322-326, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a24, http://zenodo.org/record/7254723, {"references":["IUCN 2020. - The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019 - 3. https: // www. iucnredlist. org"]}

KEY TO THE GENUS LEPIDAGATHIS WILLD. FROM TAMIL NADU 1. Prostrate-decumbent herb, capsule 2-seeded................................................................................................ 2 — Erect subshrub, capsule 4-seeded................................................................................................................. 8 2. Leaf margin or apex spinous tipped............................................................................................................. 3 Leaf margin entire or toothed, apex mucronate........................................................................................... 4 3. Leaves lanceolate, margin entire, one spine only at apex.......................................... L. spinosa Wight ex Nees — Leaves ovate-oblong, margin and apex spinous tipped....................................................... L. barberi Gamble 4. Spike aggregated only at lower nodes........................................................................................................... 5 — Spike at axils of leafy and leafless stem......................................................................................................... 7 5. Leaves> 3 cm long, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs.................................................................. L. hamiltoniana Wall. — Leaves ........................................................ L. mitis Dalzell — Leaves glabrous on both sides, margin entire to toothed....................................................... L. cristata Willd. 7. Spike globose-ovoid, internodes long to 3 cm................................................................ L.diffusa C.B. Clarke — Spike elongate and unilateral, internodes short to 1 cm......... L. decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. 8. Bract and calyx lobes single nerved, bract margin hyaline....................................................... L. hyalina Nees — Bract and calyx lobes 3-7 nerved, bract scarious or coriaceous..................................................................... 9 9. Bract scarious, lower calyx lobes 3-ribbed, upper 7-ribbed...................................................... L. scariosa Nees — Bract coriaceous, calyx lobes 3-ribbed........................................................................................................ 10 10. Flowers in soft, condensed spike, leaves crenate-serrate........................................... L. fasciculata (Retz.) Nees — Flowers in elongate spike, villous, leaves entire or undulate................................................. L. cuspidata Nees, Published as part of Dhatchanamoorthy, Narayanasamy, Karthikeyan, Chinnasamy, Raja, Prakasam, Soosairaj, Sebastian & Balachandran, Natesan, 2022, Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species from Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 321-329 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (24) on page 328, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a24, http://zenodo.org/record/7254723

Dhatchanamoorthy, Narayanasamy, Karthikeyan, Chinnasamy, Raja, Prakasam, Soosairaj, Sebastian, Balachandran, Natesan (2022): Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species from Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia (3) 44 (24): 321-329, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a24

Petalidium mannheimerae Swanepoel, Nanyeni & A.E.van Wyk, sp. nov. (Figs 3 & 4) Diagnosis:— A woody dwarf shrub up to 1.5 m tall, morphologically most similar to Petalidium lucens and P.parvifolium differing from both in having the lamina semi-succulent, subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, and with lateral veins indistinct or absent (vs. lamina not succulent, flat, lateral veins distinct); from P. lucens in having indumentum on vegetative parts puberulent and on leaf margins having widely spaced, robust, stalked glands (vs. dense short simple or sessile stellate trichomes [with 2 or 3 branches], usually with isolated dendritic trichomes in addition, glabrescent), corolla lobes white (vs. mauve or light blue); from P. parvifolium in having indumentum on vegetative parts puberulent (vs. scattered sessile glandular trichomes), leaf margins with widely spaced, robust, stalked glandular trichomes (vs. trichomes absent), corolla white (vs. mauve, white or white with lilac tinge). Type: — NAMIBIA. || Kharas Region: Karasburg District, Aussenkjer [Aussenkehr] 147 Farm: The mountain on the bank of the Orange River less than a km from the turn off to the right as you come in from the Sjambok entrance, 2817 CB, 14 September 2014, Nanyeni 936 (holotype WIND!; isotypes PRE!, PRU!). Petalidium sp. A in Snijman (2013: 164). Dense, woody, dwarf shrub to 1.5 m tall. Stems multi-stemmed from just below or above ground level from a thick rootstock or main stem, up to 140 mm in diam., bark smooth, cream, grey-white or grey-black; older distal stems rigid, cylindrical, bark smooth or longitudinally fissured, cream, grey-brown or yellow-brown; young stems quadrangular, green, puberulent, usually with widely spaced, long, robust, multi-cellular trichomes, glabrescent, cystoliths visible, linear or linear-oblanceolate. Leaves opposite and decussate, subsessile or with petioles up to 1.5 mm long; lamina narrowly obovate, oblanceolate, elliptic or suborbicular, subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, 10– 24 × 4–16 mm, green, semi-succulent, puberulent, apex acute, rounded or emarginate, base attenuate, decurrent onto petiole almost to stem, margin entire with widely spaced, robust, stalked glandular trichomes; midrib conspicuous, prominent abaxially, lateral veins indistinct or absent, cystoliths conspicuous on both sides, especially in herbarium material. Flowers solitary, axillary, supporting leaf (“bract”) similar to foliage leaves; pedicels (below bracteoles) 3–4 mm long; bracteoles ovate, usually asymmetrically, membranaceous, apex attenuate, usually with 1–5, long, sharp, robust, multicellular trichomes, base cordate or truncate, pale green, yellow-green or mauve-green, when dry also buff or brown, venation usually conspicuous, pale green, dark green or mauve-green, prominent especially adaxially, 13–15 × 7–9 mm, puberulent both sides, margins lanate and sometimes with widely spaced short stalked glandular and or long, robust multicellular trichomes, cystoliths visible on midrib towards base. Calyx 5–6 mm long including basal tube of 1–2 mm, puberulous abaxially towards base and with scattered very short stalked glandular trichomes abaxially, strigose adaxially, margins puberulous-ciliate; lobes 5, regular, linear-triangular, acute, 3.3–4.0 × 1.0– 1.2 mm. Corolla with narrow unexpanded portion of tube cylindrical, slightly widening towards throat, slightly flattened, 22–25 mm long with lobes straightened, narrow portion ca. 5–7 mm long, 2.0– 2.5 mm diam., expanded portion 8–10 mm long, corolla white, inside of expanded portion pale maroon, chestnut or yellow, distal half sometimes white, lobe traces (veins) including herringbone pattern on anticous portion white, front lobe with two pale yellow or cream narrowly triangular nectar guides or guides absent, other lobes sometimes with pale maroon markings towards base, outside puberulous, towards mouth with few long stiff white hairs, throat puberulous, otherwise glabrous; lobes patent, obovate, apices rounded, often retuse, margins entire or irregularly denticulate to crenate, upper lobes overlapping, free, ca. 6 × 9 mm, lateral lobes ca. 8 × 8 mm, front lobe ca. 9 × 7 mm; palate prominently transversely ca. 7-ribbed. Filaments didynamous, inserted dorsally in throat, filaments fused for ca. 1.8 mm at base, fused part prominent, adnate to tube, free parts tapering towards apex, flattened, sparingly puberulous with few short stalked glandular trichomes, long filament 6.1–7.3 mm long, short filament 4.3–4.8 mm long, outer filament trace decurrent to base of tube, puberulous; filament curtain phaulopsoid (Manktelow 2000); anthers 2-thecous, thecae oblong, equal or subequal, 2.1–2.3 mm long with scattered short stalked glandular trichomes, apex rounded, with minute spurs at base, 0.2 mm long. Gynoecium ca. 14 mm long; ovary ovoid, laterally compressed, 2.0 × 1.3 mm, inserted on fleshy disc, glabrous; style filiform, ca. 10 mm long, puberulous, stigma lobes linear, slightly flattened, unequal, longer lobe ca. 0.8 mm long, shorter lobe ca. 0.4 mm long. Capsule elliptic, 6.5–7.0 × 3.4–5.0 mm long, tawny, glossy, glabrous. Phenology:— Flowers have been recorded in August and September; fruits throughout the year. Distribution and habitat:— At present, Petalidium mannheimerae is known in Namibia from the vicinity of Aussenkehr in the Orange River Valley and in South Africa from ca. 30 km south of Vioolsdrif to near Eksteenfontein in the Richtersveld (Fig. 2). It occurs 92–110 km from the Atlantic Ocean on hillsides and drainage lines, at elevations of 134–187 m in Namibia and in South Africa at 551–700 m a.s.l. Average annual rainfall in the area is less than 50 mm (Mendelsohn et al. 2002). Conservation status:— Petalidium mannheimerae has been recorded at seven localities in an area of ca. 60 × 15 km where it is locally occasional to common. Although a brief search at various other localities with seemingly suitable habitat did not reveal any plants, it is probably more widespread than currently known. Although protected in the Aussenkehr Nature Park in Namibia, small stock farming on the banks of the Orange River might lead to overutilization by domestic goats belonging to local inhabitants. In South Africa, grazing by small stock and even a heavily grazed population is noted on herbarium sheets by two collectors (Jürgens 22952, Steyn 2127). At Swartkop, mining activities might pose a threat as P. mannheimerae occurs very close to and even in the mining area. A recent visit to the area of distribution revealed many dead woody plants, recently died, probably due to prolonged droughts in the area. It is possible that some of these might be referred to the new species. Petalidium mannheimerae is here provisionally ranked as Vulnerable VU D1 (IUCN 2012). Etymology:— The specific epithet honours Mrs Coleen Anne Mannheimer [1957–], renowned Namibian botanist and former curator of the National Herbarium of Namibia (WIND). She has collected widely in Namibia and has authored or co-authored several publications on the Namibian flora. Coleen introduced one of us (LN) to botany and botanical fieldwork and has since been a mentor to him in the herbarium and in the field. Her knowledge of the Namibian flora is exceptional and her ability to develop and encourage future Namibian botanists has been profound. Notes:— Some of the morphological features to distinguish among Petalidium mannheimerae, P. lucens, and P. parvifolium are provided in Table 1; also see Figs 4–6. Petalidium mannheimerae can also be confused with P. cymbiforme and P. linifolium due to similarities in habit and flower morphology. However, these species have a different indumentum and linear leaves, with the corolla of P. linifolium pale mauve (vs. white) and the venation of the bracteoles of P. cymbiforme inconspicuous (vs. usually conspicuous). All the mentioned species are members of Petalidium sect. Petalidium (sensu Meyer 1968), a group composed of plants with regular, five-parted calyces (Obermeijer 1936; Tripp et al. 2017). Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— NAMIBIA. || Kharas Region: Karasburg District, Aussenkjer [Aussenkehr] 147 Farm: The mountain on the bank of the Orange River less than a km from the turn off to the right as you come in from the Sjambok entrance, 2817 CB, 12 August 2018, Nanyeni 1371, 1372 (WIND!); Mountain slope, 250 m downstream of Sambok River Mouth, Farm Aussenkehr 147, 2817 CB, 134 m, 23 February 2022, Swanepoel 571 (WIND!). SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape Province: Richtersveld. Kahams area east of Stinkfonteinberge, east of kloof running down from Cornellsberg, 2817 CA, 600 m, 5 September 1977, Oliver, Tölken & Venter 665 (PRE!); 12 miles from Stinkfontein on way to Vioolsdrif in Richtersveld, 2917 CB, ca. 700 m, 15 November 1971, Werger 1511 (PRE!); Richtersveld. Vanzylsrivier, 2817 CB, 580 m, 25 September 1987, Jurgens 22952 (PRE!); Namaqualand District. Richtersveld, southeast of Sunvalley camp site, 2817 CB, 551 m, 8 August 2011, Steyn 1847 (PRE!); Richtersveld. Near Stinkfontein, 2817CD, 14 September 1961, Van Breda 1497 (PRE!); Richtersveld. Road between Stinkfontein & Modderdrift, 20 miles from Stinkfontein, 2817CD, 15 September 1961, Hardy 675 (PRE!); Vioolsdrif, Klein Helskloof, 20 km northeast of Eksteenfontein, 2817CD, 9 September 2002, Venter & Venter 9800 (PRE!); Namakwaland. 53 km vanaf Steinkopf pad na Vioolsdrif, 2817DC, 27 August 1983, Van Wyk 6513 (PRE!, PRU!); Vioolsdrif District. Nababeepsberg (Swartberge) in deep gorge below Helshoogte on eastern side of main road, 2817DC, 27 August 1988, Williamson 3912 (PRE!); Namakwaland. Swartbergmyn tussen Steinkopf en Vioolsdrif, 2817 DD, 27 August 1983, Van Wyk 6532 (PRE!, PRU!); Swartkop Mine, 2817 DD, 643 m, 7 August 2018, Nanyeni 1370 (PRE!, WIND!); Namaqualand District. Wyepoort River Valley, 2917 BA, 598 m, 9 October 2015, Steyn 2127 (PRE!)., Published as part of Swanepoel, Wessel, Nanyeni, Leevi & Van Wyk, Abraham E., 2022, Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium, pp. 1-13 in Phytotaxa 561 (1) on pages 5-11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.561.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7052737, {"references":["Snijman, D. A. (2013) Acanthaceae, In: Snijman, D. A. (ed.) Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region, vol. 2: the Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 162 - 164.","Manktelow, M. (2000) The filament curtain: a structure important to systematics and pollination biology in the Acanthaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 129 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2000. tb 01539. x","Mendelsohn, J., Jarvis, A., Roberts, C. & Robertson, T. (2002) Atlas of Namibia. Philip, Cape Town, 200 pp.","IUCN (2012) IUCN red list categories and criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edn. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge U. K., iv + 32 pp.","Meyer, P. G. (1968) Acanthaceae. Prodromus einer Flora von Sudwestafrica 130: 1 - 65.","Obermeijer, A. A. (1936) The South African species of Petalidium. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18: 151 - 162.","Tripp, E. A., Tsai, Y. E., Zhuang, Y. & Dexter, K. G. (2017) RADseq dataset with 90 % missing data fully resolves recent radiation of Petalidium (Acanthaceae) in the ultra-arid deserts of Namibia. Ecology and Evolution 7: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.3274"]}

Petalidium mannheimerae, here described as a new species, is only known from the Gariep Centre of Plant Endemism in southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa. Apparently first collected in 1961, it grows on arid hillsides and in drainage lines. Diagnostic morphological characters for P. mannheimerae include the rigid, cylindrical distal stems, grey-brown or yellow-brown bark, puberulent vegetative parts with sparsely scattered but robust glandular and eglandular trichomes, and the solitary white flowers with the unexpanded part of the corolla tube shorter than the expanded part. A comparison of some of the more prominent features to differentiate Petalidium mannheimerae from its morphologically most similar relatives is provided. Based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria, a conservation assessment of Vulnerable VU D1 is recommended for the new species. Herbarium specimens of P. mannheimerae have long been misidentified as P. parvifolium, a rarely collected species from east-central Namibia and west-central Botswana. Lectotypes are designated for three taxa, namely P. parvifolium, P. parvifolium var. angustifolium (a synonym of P. linifolium), and P. wilmaniae (a synonym of P. parvifolium).

Hypoestes lanata Dalzell (1850: 343). (Figure 1) Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA, Bombay (Mumbai), in a patch of old jungle, s.d., N. A. Dalzell s.n. (lectotype K!, barcode K000357980, Figure 2). Syntypes:— INDIA, Bombay, s.d., N . A. Dalzell s.n. (K, barcodes K000884436, K001392444 /5); ibid, (DD!, acc. no. 172595); Hills in the Konkan, s.d., Law s.n. (K!, barcode K000884437); N. Konkan, Rameshwar, s.d., N.A. Dalzell s.n. (K!, barcode K000884438). A suffruticose, erect to ascending, annual to perennial herb or undershrub, 100 to 150 cm tall, often rooting from ascending basal nodes; stem terete to faintly ribbed to angular, glabrous to sparsely or dense pubescent; nodes swollen, proximal often geniculate, sparsely pubescent. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 6–15 × 2–5 cm, base attenuate into 0.5–3 cm long petiole, apex acute to acuminate, margin undulate, sparsely pubescent, surfaces sparsely pubescent; cystoliths numerous cylindrical or linear-ellipsoid; mid-rib canaliculate, sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 7–8 pairs. Inflorescence axillary and terminal spiciform thyrses, densely wooly, tomentose often sprinkled with glandular hairs; axillary fewflowered, 3–5(–7) cm long reduced thyrses, terminal many-flowered, 5–12(–15) cm long elongated thyrses with distally reduced peduncle. Bracts two, opposite, whorled, foliaceous, ovate to lanceolate, 1–15 × 0.5–5 cm, distally reduced; distal bracts, sessile, obtuse, densely wooly tomentose on abaxial, sparsely lanate to tomentose or densely wooly tomentose; proximal bracts similar to the leaves, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, attenuate, distinctly stalked. Bracteoles whorled in pairs of 2, unequal, linear, subulate, ensiform, falcate, 0.5–1(–1.5) × 0.1–0.5 cm, villose to puberulous or sparsely wooly tomentose. Calyx sparsely glandular hairy, tube 2–4 mm, lobes 5, unequal, lanceolate, 3–4 mm, tip hyaline, acuminate. Corolla 20–25 mm, pink to carmine with shades of lilac, throat white, sparsely puberulent to glandular hairy; tube white, often marked with lilac, 5–7 mm long, sparsely glandular hairy to puberulent, characteristically twisted at 180° (lips became resupinate) and widened distally; lip held in lower position ligulate, 10–15 × 3–4 mm, obtuse, characteristically circinnate or recurved distally, white, pale pink; lip held in upper position is showy, oblanceolate, 15–18 × 4–7 mm, pink to carmine, often lined with maroon, base with white with maroon markings or mottling, apex incised for 1–2 mm, three lobed, lobes white to pink, medial lobe is shorter than lateral lobes. Stamens 2, inserted at the mouth of corolla tube, filament 13–17 mm, sparsely puberulent to puberulous, pinkish white to carmine, anthers monothecous, ellipsoid, ca. 2 mm, dorsifixed, ivory; pollens ellipsoid. Ovary 4-celled, ovoid to ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 3 mm, stipitate, sparsely glandular hairy, style filiform, ca. 20 mm, hyaline with carmine apex, stigma inconspicuous. Capsule stipitate, stalk ca. 7–12 mm, prolate, ca. 11–13 × 7 mm, apex acuminate, surface sparsely glandular hairy. Seeds 3–4, globose, fuscous, foveolate. Phenology:—Flowering starts after the monsoon in October and lasts till January to February, followed by fruiting. Habitat & Distribution:— Hypoestes lanata grows on the slopes, along the small hillocks and periphery of stunted forest patches. As it produces roots on ascending branches, often forming a bushy appearance. It usually prefers open situations but also occurs in partly shady situations. Considering the previous collection localities, its distribution is restricted to the north Konkan (Raigad and Ratnagiri districts of Maharashtra: Map 1). Additional Specimens Examined:— INDIA. Maharashtra: Bombay, 1851, Law s.n. (K); Ratnagiri, Chipalun, Kherdi, Dec. 1921, Acland 916 (BLAT); Raigad, Roha, Nagothane range, Jan. 1936, R . W. Inder s.n. (K); Bhira catchment, Patnus, Devkund Waterfall, Mangaon taluk, Raigad district, 01 Jan. 2017, S . Raskar 004 (BSI). IUCN Threat Assessment:— Hypoestes lanata is only known from north Konkan of Maharashtra and population is restricted to Raigad and Ratnagiri district. We have used the specimen data from three localities based on the previous collections from Rameshwar (near Roha), Nagothane (Roha), Kherdi (Chiplun) and our present collection from Bhira (Patnus) to calculate the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO). The GeoCAT analysis showed EOO of 3025 km 2 and AOO of 12 km 2. This analysis from four localities of the north Konkan and considering the plausible threats to these locations, viz. degrading habitat quality in north Konkan due to road widening projects, industrialization, urban area expansion (at Kherdi), tourism and clearing of the forest for check dam and power grids expansion (at present location at Bhira catchment area), the species is assessed here as Endangered (EN) [B1ab(i,ii,iii)] following the criterion provided by the IUCN (2019). Notes on typification:—In search of the original material of Hypoestes lanata and the collection referred by Dalzell we could locate six sheets at K and a single specimen at DD. Out of six specimens at K, four are having J.D. Hooker’s annotations and Herb. Hooker. stamp on them, and the specimen (barcode K001392445) precisely has an annotation as ‘ Hypoestes lanata Dalzell Bombay bis N.A. Dalzell’. Out of four, three possess Dalzell’s labels in his own handwriting.Among these three sheets, one specimen (barcode K000357980) has a small note ‘ Hypoestes lanata (mihi) rare, in a patch of old jungle flowers from Oct. to February’, the second specimen (barcode K001392444) has a label ‘ Hypoestes lanata ’, and the third specimen (barcode K000884437) appears to be received from J.S. Law (Hooker’s annotation) but the label on the sheet belongs to Dalzell and has ‘ Hypoestes lanata (mihi) hills in the Concan’ written on it. Remaining two specimens (barcode K000884436 and K000884438) belong to Dalzell’s personal collection set, which were donated by his widow after his demise in 1878. Both the specimens have labels in Dalzell’s handwriting, as ‘ Hypoestes ’ and ‘ Hypoestes lanata (mihi) Rameshwur N. Concan’, respectively. DD represents the single specimen (accession no. 172595) which was again part of Dalzell’s personal collection and purchased in 1878, perhaps distributed from K. In spite of all the specimens agreeing with the protologue and seemingly referring to Dalzell, it is uncertain that all are part of a single gathering. However, the specimen (barcode K000357980) has the locality which is in accord with protologue and designated here as lectotype (Art. 9.3 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018) and all other sheets are kept as syntypes. Discussion:—The present collection of Hypoestes lanata forms a rediscovery of presumed extinct taxon after a gap of 80 years, and the locality claims an additional distribution than the previously known localities. The species is narrowly endemic and restricted to north Konkan. It differs from all known Indian taxa in having wooly tomentose (from the distance looks like lanate) thyrses, spikes and terminal inflorescence stalks, tomentose bracts and bracteoles, glandular hairy sepals, twisted corolla tube, and showy pink-lilac, maroon corolla lobes.The species needs an immediate ex-situ conservation action through the domestication as it has ornamental potential, and can be easily multiplied through cuttings of the ascending shoots., Published as part of Raskar, Shivaji V., Patale, Madhukar W., Salunkhe, Chandrakant B., Bramhadande, Sneha P. & Nandikar, Mayur D., 2022, Rediscovery of presumed extinct Hypoestes lanata (Acanthaceae), a little known endemic species from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India, pp. 113-118 in Phytotaxa 560 (1) on pages 114-117, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7031320, {"references":["Dalzell, N. A. (1850) Contributions to the Botany of Western India. Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 2: 343.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 29 August 2022)","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Whitfieldia elongata (P.Beauv.) De Wild. & T.Durand Bas.: Ruellia elongata P.Beauv. Perennial herb, in wooded savannah. F.Monteiro 1475 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Avicennia germinans (L.) L. Bas.: Bontia germinans L. Syn.: Avicennia africana P.Beauv. Small to medium-sized tree, in mangrove. C.N.: munjingue (fruit), patu (kb). Uses: medicinal. Conservation: LC (IUCN 2017) Source: Jeffery et al. (1996), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699, {"references":["IUCN. (2017) IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Vers. 3, May 2017. Available from: www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 10 December 2021).","Jeffery, R. F., Van der Waal, C. & Radloff, F. (1996) Phytosociological survey of the northern sector of the Quicama National Park as basis for an ecological management plan. Unpublished report, National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, 300 pp."]}

Crossandra angolensis S.Moore Perennial herb, in wooded savannah. F.Monteiro 1159 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Barleria elegans S.Moore Perennial herb or subshrub, in wooded savannah and open forest. C.N.: ekete, hekete (kb). Uses: medicinal. F.Monteiro 269 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Neuracanthus scaber S.Moore Perennial herb, in wooded savannah and open forest. C.N.: kadalango, kangalango (kb). F.Monteiro 279 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Ecbolium cf. clarkei Hiern Subshrub, in wooded savannah. C.N.: catetelo-ya-coco (kb); catetelo-pequeno (pt). F.Monteiro 1326 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Blepharis cf. maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth Bas.: Acanthus maderaspatensis L. Subshrub, in wooded savannah. F.Monteiro 261 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Dicliptera verticillata (Forssk.) C.Chr. Bas.: Dianthera verticillata Forssk. Perennial herb, in wooded savannah. C.N.: kadalango, kangalango (kb). F.Monteiro 278 (LUAI, LISC), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699

Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida Syn.: Barleria auriculata Schumach.; Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine Perennial herb, in grassy savannah and wooded savannah. Source: Adão (2017), Published as part of Monteiro, Francisca, Costa, Esperança Da, Kissanga, Raquel, Costa, José Carlos & Catarino, Luís, 2022, An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Quiçama National Park, Angola, pp. 1-67 in Phytotaxa 557 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.557.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6985699, {"references":["Adao, T. S. (2017) Contribuicao para o Estudo Geobotanico da parte Norte do Parque Nacional da Quicama. Masters Thesis, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda, Angola, 83 pp."]}

Aphelandra martiusii Wasshausen (1975: 108) (Fig. 1–3) Replaced name: Lagochilium repandum Nees von Esenbeck (1847a: 86), not Aphelandra repanda Nees von Esenbeck (1847b: 728). Type: — BRAZIL. Pará: “In silvys ad fluvium Xingú”, 10–12 September 1819, C. F. P. Martius s.n. (lectotype designated here: M0186188 [image!]; isolectotypes: M0186187 [image!], M0186190 [image!]). Shrub 0.6-3 m tall, erect, cystoliths absent. Stem terete, glabrous. Leaves opposite-decussate, isophyllous; petiole 0.5–1.3 cm long, puberulent; blade submembranaceous, 25–32.5 × 4–9.6 cm, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, apex acuminate to attenuate, base decurrent, margin entire, venation eucamptodromous, lateral veins (11–) 16–19 pairs, adaxially flat, glabrous, greenish, abaxially puberulent along veins, pale green. Inflorescence a terminal spike, 7–10.7 cm long, quadrangular, congested; peduncle 5 mm long, puberulent; rachis with flowers opposite, glabrous; inflorescence bracts foliose, mid-vein pubescent, green to red. Flowers zygomorphic, imbricate; bracts red to pink, papyraceous, conduplicate, 3.5–3.9 cm long, 2.4–2.6 cm wide, obovate-cuneate, reticulate-nerved, glabrous, apex obtuse-mucronulate; bracteoles pink, papyraceous, (1.8–) 2.3–2.4 × (0.4–) 0.5–0.6 mm, oblong, apex asymmetric, glabrous. Calyx papyraceous, lobes subequal, quincuncial aestivation, oblong, apically acute, margin entire, posterior sepal ca. 15 × 2.5 mm, anterior pair ca. 14 × 2.5 mm, lateral pair ca. 8 × 1.5 mm, glabrous. Corolla bilabiate, (4–) 6.2 cm long, erect, purple, glabrous outside, puberulent inside; tube erect, ca. 3 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide at base to ca. 3 mm wide at top, then gradually enlarged to ca. 8 mm wide at mouth; mouth oblique; upper lip (0.8–) 1.2 × (0.8–) 1.2 cm, cucullate, ovate, apex retuse-revolute; lower lip 3-lobed, ca. 1.3 cm long, lobes subequal, ovate, middle lobe (4–) 6 × 6 mm, lateral lobes ca. 5 × 4 mm. Stamens 4, slightly didynamous, included; filaments ca. 2 cm long, puberulent; anthers monothecous, thecae ca. 7 mm long, apically obtuse, a tuft of long hairs on the abaxial surface. Ovary ca. 5 mm long, pyriform, glabrous; style ca. 2.4 cm long, filiform, glabrous; stigma ca. 0.5 mm long, bifid. Capsule slightly obovoid, 14–16 × 6–7 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Distribution and habitat: — Aphelandra martiusii is an endemic species to South America, distributed in Brazil, Colombia and Peru (Fig. 4). In Peru, it is only known from the northeastern Amazonian Department of Loreto. All collections are from the province of Mariscal Ramón Castilla (Locality of San Juan de Loretoyacu) and Putumayo (Cotuhé Camp), belonging to the territory of the Cotuhé River Conservation Concession. Aphelandra martiusii grows at floodplain forests on uneven terrain (IH 14380, 14517) and low terrace forest (IRP 2648) mostly undisturbed, at an elevation of 115– 140 m. In the Cotuhé Camp (IH 14380, 14517), this species is found associated with some arboreal species such as Coussapoa trinervia Spruce ex Mildbraed (1928: 416), Micrandra spruceana (Baillon 1864: 288) R.E. Schultes (1952: 217), Mabea nitida Spruce ex Bentham (1854: 367) and Ficus guianensis Desvaux ex Hamilton (1825: 62); some ferns from genus Adiantum Linnaeus (1753: 1094), Lindsaea Dryander ex Smith (1793: 413) and Trichomanes Linnaeus (1753: 1097) in the understory, and some Rubiaceae shrub species (Pitman et al. 2011). Phenology: —This species was observed in flowering from March to October, showing some falling flowers in this later month, and fruiting in May. Conservation status: — Aphelandra martiusii is endemic to the Amazon Forest, growing in Brazil, Colombia and Peru. In Brazil, this species is only known from its type locality (banks of Xingu river, Pará) having no information of its current possible threats. Therefore, this species should be listed as DD. In Colombia, it is widespread, growing in more than 10 localities with a total EOO> 20,000 km ² and an AOO> 50 km ². In Peru, A. martiusii is only known from two localities (San Juan de Loretoyacu and Cotuhé Camp) belonging to the Cotuhé River Conservation Concession. Despite being close to the Yaguas National Park, Cotuhé is currently being highly affected by deforestation for agricultural purposes, leading to the loss of several hectares of land (Novoa et al. 2021). A negative impact on the habitat of Aphelandra martiusii is therefore expected.The Colombian populations meet the criteria for Near Threatened; however, the species is classified as [EN (B2a+biii)] in Peru. Therefore, we assign this species to the category NT (AOO 10 locations) (IUCN 2012a, 2012b, 2019). Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Pará: ‘’ In silvis ad fluvium Xingú. ’’, 10–12 Sep 1819, C . F. P. Martius s. n. (GZU, M). COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Tarapacá, ‘’ Río Porvenir Grande cerca de Caño Pajaro. Bosque de zona plana temporalmente inundado.’’, 2°31’24.24”S, 70°11’06”W, 12 Feb 2006, M . Rodríguez & J. Aguila 10 (COAH); ‘’Corregimiento Puerto Arica, asociación AIZA, comunidad Puerto limón. Bosque de tierra firme ondulado, con transición de llanura aluvial’’, 2°17’50.6”S, 72°01’31.8”W, 97 m, 15 Nov 2017, M . Rodríguez et al. 3530 (COAH!); ‘’ Zona étnica de conservación de Puerto Caimán, asociación AIPEA, resguardo indígena Curare-Los Ingleses. ’’, 8 Apr 2018, A . Barona-C. 4952 (COAH); ‘’ Rio Caquetá, km 20 trocha Santa Isabel-Mirití. ’’, 18 May 1980, M . Pabón E. 1000 (COAH!, COL!). Vaupés: “Porto dos Miranhas dit. [ditionis] Japurensis, Prov. Fl. Nigri ”, Dec 1819, C . F. P. Martius s. n. (GZU, M). PERU. Loreto: Prov. Mariscal Ramón Castilla, Dist. Caballo Cocha, San Juan de Loretoyacu, 115 m, 03°25’44.22”S, 70°45’30.25”W, 3 Nov 2019 (fl.), I . Revilla Pantigoso 2648 (MOL). Prov. Putumayo, Dist. Yaguas, Inventario Rápido de las cabeceras del río Cotuhé, NE de Iquitos y Pebas, en la esquina del trapezoide de Colombia. Drenaje del bajo Putumayo, entre los ríos Yaguas y Amazonas. Camp 2, “Cotuhé”, borde sur, 140 m, 3°13’32.4”S, 70°54’93”W, 21 Oct 2010 (fl.), I . Huamantupa, Z. Cordero, N. Pitman & R. García 14380 (AMAZ, F). Same collection data as preceding, 135 m, 3°11’40.7”S, 70°52’45.9”W, 23 Oct 2010 (fl.), I . Huamantupa, Z. Cordero, N. Pitman & R. García 14517 (AMAZ, F). Lectotypification: —In the protologue of Lagochilium repandum, Nees von Esenbeck (1847a) did not cite any specimens but mentioned two localities where the species was collected: (1)“ In the woods at the river Xingu, prov. Paraensis ” and (2)“ In the woods at Porto dos Miranhas under the jurisdiction of Japurensis ”. Four duplicates housed at Herbarium M (M0186187, M0186190, M0186188 and M0186189) were traced. The handwriting on the two first sheets “ Brasilia prov. Pará ” and on the third sheet “ Habitat in sylvis ad fluv. Xingú. Provinciae Paräensis ” [Prov. Paraensis] indicating that these materials were collected by Martius in Pará, mainly close to the Xingu river, dating 10-12 September 1819. The another sheet M0186189 has the label “ in sylvis ad Porto dos Miranhas dit. Japurensis. Provinciae R. N. ” [Porto dos Miranhas, prov. Rio Negro, district of Japurensis]. Martius arrived at Rio Negro in December 1819, few months after his visit to Pará (Spix & Martius 1938); however, this district currently belongs to Vaupés, a department of Colombia (Wasshausen 1975). Among these four sheets, M0186188 and M0186189 bear the original blue label of Martius, while the sheets M0186187 and M0186190 are duplicates. These specimens may be the original material and they are part of the Martius’ collection which was obtained during his exploration to the Amazonian basis of Brazil between 1817 and 1820 (Spix & Martius 1938). Additionally, another sheet of L. repandum was found in GZU (GZU000250146). This material was given by Baron von Zschock to the University of Graz and belonged to the personal herbarium of Nees which was split up after his suspension as a professor at the University of Breslau (Steenis-Kruseman et al. 1950; Stafleu & Cowan 1981). In the sale of his herbarium and library, Nees von Esenbeck (1852) highlighted the historical significance of this material “ it is rendered still more important by its containing the original specimens on which my monographie labours, the dissertations on the Laurineae, Solaneae, Acanthaceae, Hepaticae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and Restiaceae, are founded ”. Accordingly, the sheet housed at GZU is also the original material of Lagochilium repandum. Since there is no holotype indicated by Nees von Esenbeck (1847a), all of these specimens are syntypes according to the Art. 9.6 of Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2018). Prior to the World Wide II, Francis MacBride travelled to Europe to photograph the type specimens of tropical American plants preserved at several European herbaria, including Munich (M) (Grimé & Plowman 1986). MacBride achieved to take photos of the syntypes of L. repandum housed at M and these photos are available online, F20492 (https://fm-digital-assets.fieldmuseum.org/288/549/20492.jpg) and F20498 (https://fm-digital-assets.fieldmuseum. org/288/481/20498.jpg). However, these photos cannot be considered as syntypes of L. repandum because these do not include any parts from the original material Despite being the one specimen with flowers, the duplicate housed at GZU is probably a mixed preparation of both syntypes, as it shows a label of both localities. Additionally, it is uncertain to which syntype belongs every fragment. Consequently, the duplicate GZU000250146 is discarded as lectotype. Among the remaining duplicates, the sheet M0186188 was the only one which bears a blue label of Martius with a note “ Bractea et cor. purpureae ”, the one collected in Pará and the first locality where this sample was collected by Martius. As discussed above, we here designate a duplicate of Martius s.n. at M (barcode 0186188) as the lectotype for the name Aphelandra martiusii. Discussion: —In Peru, Aphelandra martiusii is currently found in the city of San Juan de Loretoyacu, district of Caballo Cocha, province of Mariscal Ramon Castilla and Camp Cotuhé, district of Yaguas, province of Putumayo, both bordering to Colombia. This might be explained by the fact that Putumayo and Caballo Cocha are close to the department of Amazonas, Colombia, where recent material (Rodríguez et al. 3530) was collected to still confirm its existence in the jungle of this country. On the other hand, collections from Brazil solely date back from Martius’ exploration (1817-1820) when original materials were collected (Zanatta et al. 2020). This only one occurrence in Brazilian territory could owe to the missing of botanical explorations in the zone or otherwise, its extinction. The long distance between the known populations of A. martiusii might be related to a water dispersal through the Amazonas River. Similar situation has been observed in the genus Suessenguthia Merxmüller (1953: 178), with a sole collection in Pará (Brazil), and the others individuals over 2,000 km westward (Schmidt-Lebuhn 2003). The Peruvian species of Aphelandra may be separated into two groups: species with entire leaves and those with spiny leaves. The species in former group can be distinguished by the spiny or entire floral bracts. A. martiusii along with Aphelandra plowmanii Wasshausen (2013a: 109) and Aphelandra latibracteata Wasshausen (1973: 468) shares the presence of leaves and floral bracts entire and the cucullate corolla. Aphelandra latibracteata and A. plowmanii, endemic species to Peru, are known in Huánuco, San Martin and Ucayali, and Loreto and San Martin, respectively. These three species can be confusable by their inflorescence spike and corolla shape, however, A. martiusii differs by having obovate-cuneate floral bracts, larger bracteoles and a pink corolla. More detail of the diagnostic characters is summarized in Table 1., Published as part of Villanueva-Espinoza, Rosa, Azevedo, Igor H. F. & Montenegro, Luis Torres, 2022, Taxonomic update and first record of Aphelandra martiusii (Acanthaceae) in Peru, pp. 199-208 in Phytotaxa 549 (2) on pages 200-205, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6622805, {"references":["Wasshausen, D. (1975) The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 18: 1 - 157.","Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1847 a) Acanthaceae. In: von Martius, C. F. P., Eichler, A. G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis 9. Typographia Regia, Monachii, pp. 1 - 164, t. 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 454","Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. (1847 b) Acanthaceae. In: de Candolle, A. P. (Ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 11. Paris, Sumptibus Victoris Masson, pp. 46 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Baillon, H. E. (1864) Species Euphorbiacearum. Euphorbiacees Americaines. Premiere partie: Amerique austro-orientale. Adansonia 4: 257 - 377.","Schultes, R. (1952) Studies in the genus Micrandra 1: The relationship of the genus Cunuria to Micrandra. Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 15 (8): 201 - 221. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 41762138","Bentham, G. (1854) On the north Brazilian Euphorbiaceae in the collections of Mr. Spruce. Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 6: 376 - 377.","Hamilton, W. (1825) Prodromus Plantarum Indiae Occidentalis. London, Treuttel, 67 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 426","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 2. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 561 - 1200. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Smith, J. E. (1793) Tentamen botanicum de filicum generibus dorsiferarum. Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences de Turin 5: 401 - 422.","Pitman, N., Vriesendorp, C., Moskovits, D. K., May, R. von, Alvira, D., Wachter, T., Stotz, D. F. & del Campo, A. (Eds.) (2011) Peru: Yaguas-Cotuhe. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 23. The Field Museum, Chicago.","Novoa, S., Yupanqui, O., Finer, M. & Suarez, D. (2021) Deforestacion en la Concesion de Conservacion Cotuhe (region Loreto). MAAP: 142. Available from: https: // maaproject. org / 2021 / cotuhe-loreto / (accessed 1 December 2021).","IUCN (2012 a) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41 pp.","IUCN (2012 b) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32 pp.","IUCN (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, Version 14. 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(1852) Sale of his Library and Herbarium. Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 4: 28 - 30.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Grime, W. E. & Plowman, T. (1986) Type photographs at Field Museum of Natural History. Taxon 35: 932 - 934.","Zanatta, M. R. V., Hirao, Y. V., Zuntini, A. R. & Kameyama, C. (2020) Aphelandra in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. 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Identification key to Petalidium sesfonteinense, P. kaokoense, P. variabile, and other species of Petalidium within the distribution range of P. sesfonteinense 1. Plants usually prostrate or at least some branches prostrate...............................................................................................................2 1’. Plants erect..........................................................................................................................................................................................4 2. Inflorescence axis elongated. Flowers alternate on axis (up to 40)............................................................................ P. angustitubum 2’. Inflorescence compact balls...............................................................................................................................................................3 3. Leaf lamina ca. 1.5× as long as wide or more compact, broadly ovate.......................................................................... P. halimoides 3’. Leaf lamina ca. 2.5× as long as wide or thinner, narrowly ovate........................................................................................ P. lanatum 4. Indumentum on leaves consisting of simple trichomes, erect or appressed (strigose).......................................................................5 4’. Indumentum on leaves consisting of dendritic or stellate trichomes interspersed with very short-stalked glandular trichomes....................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 5. Trichomes erect, corolla tube distinctively curved, corolla lobes one-coloured red....................................................... P. coccineum 5’. Trichomes appressed, corolla tube straight, front corolla lobe differently coloured or of darker shade than other lobes: white, pink, or crimson; other lobes: brown, orange, pink, or crimson................................................................................................. P. variabile 6. Indumentum consisting of short-stalked stellate trichomes interspersed with very short-stalked glandular trichomes; expanded portion of corolla strigose outside................................................................................................................................... P. kaokoense 6’. Indumentum consisting of dendritic trichomes only; expanded portion of corolla glabrous outside....................... P. sesfonteinense, Published as part of Swanepoel, Wessel & Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A., 2022, Petalidium sesfonteinense (Acanthaceae), a new species from the Kaokoveld, Namibia, pp. 127-135 in Phytotaxa 549 (2) on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6622694

Petalidium sesfonteinense Swanepoel & E.Tripp, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Diagnosis:— A woody shrub up to 1 m tall, morphologically most similar to Petalidium kaokoense and P. variabile; from P. kaokoense it differs in having an indumentum on vegetative parts of relatively slender dendritic trichomes (vs. relatively stout stalked-stellate trichomes interspersed with dendritic trichomes), bracts oblanceolate (v s. linear-oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate), bracteoles symmetrically elliptic or narrowly ovate with long multicellular glandular trichomes and venation weak or not prominent (vs. asymmetrically elliptic-oblong, long multicellular glandular trichomes absent, reticulation prominent), corolla with expanded portion of tube glabrous externally (vs. strigose), upper lobes connate for 20–30% of their length and obovate (vs. 50%, oblong), lobes variously coloured (white, pink, magenta, apricot, yellow, or cream) and in contrast with maroon throat and mouth (vs. lobes, throat, and mouth maroon), seeds cordate (vs. discoid or ovate); from P. variabile it differs in indumentum on young stems different from that on leaves (vs. similar), indumentum on leaves dendritic (vs. strigose), bracteoles usually with long multicellular trichomes (vs. absent), expanded portion of corolla tube glabrous externally (vs. with short appressed simple trichomes), all corolla lobes of same colour and shade (vs. front corolla lobe differently coloured or shaded than other lobes), capsule flattened ellipsoid or ovoid, sides rugose or smooth (vs. flattened ovoid, sides smooth). Type: — NAMIBIA. Kunene Region: Eastern tributary to Ganamub River in mountainous area between Giribesvlakte and Hoanib River, 1913AB, 477 m, 14 June 2021, Swanepoel 568 (holotype WIND!; isotypes COLO!, PRE!, PRU!). Erect woody shrub to 1 m tall; all relatively young vegetative parts with dense indumentum of relatively slender white dendritic trichomes, glabrescent or nearly so. Stems: main stem up to 80 mm diam., bark fissured, creamcoloured or greyish white; bark on distal stems peeling in long, thin, narrow strips; young stems quadrangular with very short simple glandular and short to long eglandular trichomes, often multicellular, also bi-furcating and dendritic or long-stalked stellate trichomes, or trichomes absent; pale green with cystoliths linear or appearing circular. Leaves opposite and decussate, petiolate; laminae narrowly ovate, ovate or elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, 15–44 × 8–27 mm, with dense indumentum of dendritic trichomes, grey to greyish green, becoming green to yellowish green with age, cystoliths inconspicuous; apices acute, obtuse or rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, bases attenuate, decurrent, rarely rounded, margins entire; midribs prominent both sides, lateral veins 4 to 6 each side, usually not prominent, petioles up to 15 mm long. Flowers in short dichasia, bracts foliaceous, oblanceolate, up to 15.0 × 2.2 mm, apex acute, sessile; pedicels (below bracteoles) 0.5–1.2 mm long; bracteoles symmetrically elliptic or narrowly ovate, coriaceous, forming prominent bulging on bracteole pair from which corolla limb emerges from one side, apex acute, sometimes slightly acuminate or asymmetric, pale green to yellowish green, reticulation slightly or not prominent, midrib straight, venation indistinct, pale green, ca. 10.6–13.3 × 5.4–6.8 mm, abaxially with dense glandular trichomes of various lengths, few to scattered long multicellular glandular trichomes, sometimes with very long multicellular sparsely branched eglandular simple or dendritic trichomes in addition, strigose towards base, sericous adaxially, margin lanate towards apex, cystoliths visible. Calyx 6.6–7.2 mm long including basal tube of ca. 2 mm, strigose in places on both surfaces; lobes 4, lanceolate, acute, anticous lobe indistinctly bifid, anticous and upper ca. 5.6–7.8 × 1.5–1.7 mm, folded lengthwise, laterals 5.6–7.0 × 0.9–1.1 mm. Corolla 20–24 mm long with lobes straightened, narrow unexpanded portion cylindrical, slightly widening towards throat, flattened, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 3.2 mm diam, expanded portion ca. 6 mm long, outside glabrous, inside puberulous on area immediately above insertion of filaments up to mouth, otherwise glabrous; inside of anticous portion of throat yellow, terminating in two narrowly triangular separate markings (nectar guides) on proximal portion of lobes; lobes white, pink, magenta, apricot, yellow or cream, expanded portion (throat and mouth) maroon, front lobe including nectar guides maroon dotted proximally, all lobes patent and with long, stiff, patent, white eglandular trichomes, upper lobes obovate, 5.8–8.2 × 3.5–4.3 mm, connate for 20–30% of their length, overlapping or not, apices rounded, retuse, lateral lobes oblong, 5.2–7.8 × 3.2–4.5 mm, apices retuse or truncate, front lobe broadly obovate, 5.5–8.8 × 6.2–7.2 mm, apex rounded, retuse, all lobe margins entire or irregularly denticulate to dentate; palate prominently transversely 3–7-ribbed. Filaments didynamous, inserted dorsally in throat, each long and short filament fused for ca. 1.4 mm at base, fused part prominent, adnate to tube, free parts tapering towards apex, flattened, with scattered short eglandular trichomes, long filament 4.3–5.7 mm long, short filament 2.2–3.3 mm long; filament curtain reduced (Manktelow 2000); anthers 2-thecous, thecae oblong, subequal, 2.1–2.9 mm long with scattered short glandular and eglandular trichomes, apex rounded, with minute spurs at base. Gynoecium 12.6–15.6 mm long; ovary ovoid, laterally compressed, 1.5–2.0 × 1.5–1.7 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, situated on fleshy disc, glabrous, ovules elliptic, ca. 0.8 mm long; style filiform, 9.9–12.5 mm long, with scattered short eglandular trichomes, stigma lobes linear, slightly flattened, subequal, longer lobe 0.6–0.8 mm long, shorter lobe 0.5–0.7 mm long. Capsule flattened ellipsoid or ovoid, 6.2–6.5 × 3.3–3.6 × 1.4–2.0 mm, chestnut, glossy, sides rugose or smooth, glabrous. Seeds cordate, ca. 2.6 × 1.8 mm, densely covered with white hygroscopic trichomes. Phenology:— Flowers have been recorded from March to June. Fruits have been recorded from April to October. Distribution and habitat:— At present, Petalidium sesfonteinense is only known from the vicinity of Sesfontein and the surrounding mountainous area up to Tomakas in the west and Warmquelle in the east (Fig. 3). It occurs on hillsides, along seasonally dry riverbeds and at the base of rocky outcrops at elevations of 340–1070 m a.s.l., about 75–125 km from the Atlantic Ocean. Average annual rainfall in the area is 100–150 mm (Mendelsohn et al. 2002). Conservation status:— Petalidium sesfonteinense is locally common and probably more widespread in suitable habitats than currently recorded. It is here considered not in immediate conservation danger, because it occurs in sparsely to unpopulated areas and does not seem to be utilised by humans. However, it is browsed by livestock (goats) of the local inhabitants (pers. obs.). The area of occupancy is estimated at Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to Sesfontein, a village in northwestern Namibia near the type locality. Notes:— Some of the morphological features to distinguish between Petalidium sesfonteinense, P. kaokoense, and P. variabile are provided in Table 1. Hitherto in herbaria, Petalidium sesfonteinense has mostly been confused with P. variabile, a species from which it differs in indumentum, leaf, inflorescence, and flower characters (Table 1 & Fig. 4). Distribution of the two species, does not overlap: P. sesfonteinense occurs in northwestern Namibia in the vicinity of Sesfontein, and P. variabile from the Bergsig area 100 km to the south-southeast and southwards to west central Namibia and in northern Namibia near Otavi and Grootfontein. Records of P. variabile in Angola have not yet been vetted by the first author and might represent a different taxon. Petalidium sesfonteinense can also be confused with P. ohopohense, P. pilosi-bracteolatum, P. rossmannianum, and P.welwitschii, especially in herbarium specimens where fresh flowering material is not available. However, distribution of P. sesfonteinense does not overlap with these species, with P. pilosi-bracteolatum occurring to the south and the other three species to the east or the north of P. sesfonteinense. Other species of Petalidium occurring within the range of P. sesfonteinense are P. angustitibum Meyer (1967: 505), P. coccineum, P. halimoides, and P. lanatum. All the mentioned species, including P. sesfonteinense, are from the group composed of plants with irregular, four-parted calyces (Obermeijer 1936, Tripp et al. 2017). A key to P. sesfonteinense, P. kaokoense, P. variabile and other species of Petalidium within its distribution range is provided. Indumentum is very useful in differentiating among the mentioned taxa and consists mainly of three types of trichomes: simple (unbranched), stellate, and dendritic. The simple trichomes are either single or multi-celled and gland-tipped or not. The stellate trichomes are either stalked or sessile with arms radiating from a common point. The dendritic trichomes are stalked with the arms spirally arranged, opposite and distichous, or opposite and decussate. Each taxon has a unique combination of trichomes (see Table 1 and key to species). Tripp et al. (2017) conducted a phylogenomic study of Petalidium, sampling several species including Petalidium sesfonteinense (therein labelled as “ Petalidium variabile 16-20”), along with P. rossmannianum, P. welwitschii, and P. kaokoense (therein labelled with an arrow as “ Petalidium sp. 8 [cf. variabile]”). These four species together formed a strongly supported clade (Clades 7, 8, & 9 Tripp et al. 2017) that is sister to Clade 10, which contained Petalidium crispum Meuse ex Meyer (1961: 66), P. coccineum, and P. bracteatum Obermeijer (1936: 161). More sampling combined with next-generation sequencing is needed to further elucidate phylogenetic relatedness of this new species to other species of Petalidium, including the widespread P. variabile (Manzitto-Tripp et al. in prep.). In turn, this would help to clarify geographical limits of these closely related species. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— NAMIBIA, Kunene Region:—1813: North of Sesfontein, (– CD), 31 March 2004, Burke 04080 (WIND!); 42 km before Sesfontein from Puros, (–CD), 446 m, 18 May 2014, Klaassen EK2548 (WIND!); Hills 2 km north of Okarondokavi, (–CD), 742 m, 14 May 2022, Swanepoel 579 (WIND); Hills 2.5 km north of Okarondokavi, (–CD), 760 m, 14 May 2022, Swanepoel 580 (WIND); 6 km south of Okovikuta on road to Ganamub, (–CD), 694 m, 14 May 2022, Swanepoel 581 (WIND!).—1913: 33 km from Sesfontein turn-off to Hoanib River, (–AB), 347 m, 17 May 2014, Klaassen EK2542 (WIND!); 20 km Noord van Sesfontein, dolomiet berge, (–BA), 21 May 1976, Viljoen 313 (WIND!); ca. 3 km W of Sesfontein, (–BA), 600 m, 11 April 1985, Jacobsen & Moss K130 (WIND!); Dry water course in calcrete hills NW of Sesfontein, (–BA), 11 September 1995, Sullivan 350 (WIND!); 2 km NW of Sesfontein on D 3707, extremely dry slate slopes hosting on Ruellia, Justicia and Petalidium, (–BA), 26 March 2010, Tripp & Dexter 865–869 (PRE!, WIND!); Mountains 5 km southwest of Sesfontein, (–BA), 499 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 578 (WIND!); Hoanib Poort 11 km east of Sesfontein on road to Warmquelle, (–BA), 609 m, 15 May 2022, Swanepoel 582 (WIND!); 6 km east of Ganamub on road to Sesfontein, (–BA), 631 m, 25 May 2022, Swanepoel 584 (WIND!); 9 km east-northeast of Warmquelle in poort on road to Beesvlakte, (–BB), 919 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 576 (WIND!); 12 km east-northeast of Warmquelle in poort on road to Beesvlakte, (–BB), 1068 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 577 (WIND!); 37 km from Khowarib on road to Palmwag, (–DB), 1006 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 575 (WIND).

Petalidium sesfonteinense Swanepoel & E.Tripp, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Diagnosis:— A woody shrub up to 1 m tall, morphologically most similar to Petalidium kaokoense and P. variabile; from P. kaokoense it differs in having an indumentum on vegetative parts of relatively slender dendritic trichomes (vs. relatively stout stalked-stellate trichomes interspersed with dendritic trichomes), bracts oblanceolate (v s. linear-oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate), bracteoles symmetrically elliptic or narrowly ovate with long multicellular glandular trichomes and venation weak or not prominent (vs. asymmetrically elliptic-oblong, long multicellular glandular trichomes absent, reticulation prominent), corolla with expanded portion of tube glabrous externally (vs. strigose), upper lobes connate for 20–30% of their length and obovate (vs. 50%, oblong), lobes variously coloured (white, pink, magenta, apricot, yellow, or cream) and in contrast with maroon throat and mouth (vs. lobes, throat, and mouth maroon), seeds cordate (vs. discoid or ovate); from P. variabile it differs in indumentum on young stems different from that on leaves (vs. similar), indumentum on leaves dendritic (vs. strigose), bracteoles usually with long multicellular trichomes (vs. absent), expanded portion of corolla tube glabrous externally (vs. with short appressed simple trichomes), all corolla lobes of same colour and shade (vs. front corolla lobe differently coloured or shaded than other lobes), capsule flattened ellipsoid or ovoid, sides rugose or smooth (vs. flattened ovoid, sides smooth). Type: — NAMIBIA. Kunene Region: Eastern tributary to Ganamub River in mountainous area between Giribesvlakte and Hoanib River, 1913AB, 477 m, 14 June 2021, Swanepoel 568 (holotype WIND!; isotypes COLO!, PRE!, PRU!). Erect woody shrub to 1 m tall; all relatively young vegetative parts with dense indumentum of relatively slender white dendritic trichomes, glabrescent or nearly so. Stems: main stem up to 80 mm diam., bark fissured, creamcoloured or greyish white; bark on distal stems peeling in long, thin, narrow strips; young stems quadrangular with very short simple glandular and short to long eglandular trichomes, often multicellular, also bi-furcating and dendritic or long-stalked stellate trichomes, or trichomes absent; pale green with cystoliths linear or appearing circular. Leaves opposite and decussate, petiolate; laminae narrowly ovate, ovate or elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, 15–44 × 8–27 mm, with dense indumentum of dendritic trichomes, grey to greyish green, becoming green to yellowish green with age, cystoliths inconspicuous; apices acute, obtuse or rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, bases attenuate, decurrent, rarely rounded, margins entire; midribs prominent both sides, lateral veins 4 to 6 each side, usually not prominent, petioles up to 15 mm long. Flowers in short dichasia, bracts foliaceous, oblanceolate, up to 15.0 × 2.2 mm, apex acute, sessile; pedicels (below bracteoles) 0.5–1.2 mm long; bracteoles symmetrically elliptic or narrowly ovate, coriaceous, forming prominent bulging on bracteole pair from which corolla limb emerges from one side, apex acute, sometimes slightly acuminate or asymmetric, pale green to yellowish green, reticulation slightly or not prominent, midrib straight, venation indistinct, pale green, ca. 10.6–13.3 × 5.4–6.8 mm, abaxially with dense glandular trichomes of various lengths, few to scattered long multicellular glandular trichomes, sometimes with very long multicellular sparsely branched eglandular simple or dendritic trichomes in addition, strigose towards base, sericous adaxially, margin lanate towards apex, cystoliths visible. Calyx 6.6–7.2 mm long including basal tube of ca. 2 mm, strigose in places on both surfaces; lobes 4, lanceolate, acute, anticous lobe indistinctly bifid, anticous and upper ca. 5.6–7.8 × 1.5–1.7 mm, folded lengthwise, laterals 5.6–7.0 × 0.9–1.1 mm. Corolla 20–24 mm long with lobes straightened, narrow unexpanded portion cylindrical, slightly widening towards throat, flattened, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 3.2 mm diam, expanded portion ca. 6 mm long, outside glabrous, inside puberulous on area immediately above insertion of filaments up to mouth, otherwise glabrous; inside of anticous portion of throat yellow, terminating in two narrowly triangular separate markings (nectar guides) on proximal portion of lobes; lobes white, pink, magenta, apricot, yellow or cream, expanded portion (throat and mouth) maroon, front lobe including nectar guides maroon dotted proximally, all lobes patent and with long, stiff, patent, white eglandular trichomes, upper lobes obovate, 5.8–8.2 × 3.5–4.3 mm, connate for 20–30% of their length, overlapping or not, apices rounded, retuse, lateral lobes oblong, 5.2–7.8 × 3.2–4.5 mm, apices retuse or truncate, front lobe broadly obovate, 5.5–8.8 × 6.2–7.2 mm, apex rounded, retuse, all lobe margins entire or irregularly denticulate to dentate; palate prominently transversely 3–7-ribbed. Filaments didynamous, inserted dorsally in throat, each long and short filament fused for ca. 1.4 mm at base, fused part prominent, adnate to tube, free parts tapering towards apex, flattened, with scattered short eglandular trichomes, long filament 4.3–5.7 mm long, short filament 2.2–3.3 mm long; filament curtain reduced (Manktelow 2000); anthers 2-thecous, thecae oblong, subequal, 2.1–2.9 mm long with scattered short glandular and eglandular trichomes, apex rounded, with minute spurs at base. Gynoecium 12.6–15.6 mm long; ovary ovoid, laterally compressed, 1.5–2.0 × 1.5–1.7 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, situated on fleshy disc, glabrous, ovules elliptic, ca. 0.8 mm long; style filiform, 9.9–12.5 mm long, with scattered short eglandular trichomes, stigma lobes linear, slightly flattened, subequal, longer lobe 0.6–0.8 mm long, shorter lobe 0.5–0.7 mm long. Capsule flattened ellipsoid or ovoid, 6.2–6.5 × 3.3–3.6 × 1.4–2.0 mm, chestnut, glossy, sides rugose or smooth, glabrous. Seeds cordate, ca. 2.6 × 1.8 mm, densely covered with white hygroscopic trichomes. Phenology:— Flowers have been recorded from March to June. Fruits have been recorded from April to October. Distribution and habitat:— At present, Petalidium sesfonteinense is only known from the vicinity of Sesfontein and the surrounding mountainous area up to Tomakas in the west and Warmquelle in the east (Fig. 3). It occurs on hillsides, along seasonally dry riverbeds and at the base of rocky outcrops at elevations of 340–1070 m a.s.l., about 75–125 km from the Atlantic Ocean. Average annual rainfall in the area is 100–150 mm (Mendelsohn et al. 2002). Conservation status:— Petalidium sesfonteinense is locally common and probably more widespread in suitable habitats than currently recorded. It is here considered not in immediate conservation danger, because it occurs in sparsely to unpopulated areas and does not seem to be utilised by humans. However, it is browsed by livestock (goats) of the local inhabitants (pers. obs.). The area of occupancy is estimated at Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to Sesfontein, a village in northwestern Namibia near the type locality. Notes:— Some of the morphological features to distinguish between Petalidium sesfonteinense, P. kaokoense, and P. variabile are provided in Table 1. Hitherto in herbaria, Petalidium sesfonteinense has mostly been confused with P. variabile, a species from which it differs in indumentum, leaf, inflorescence, and flower characters (Table 1 & Fig. 4). Distribution of the two species, does not overlap: P. sesfonteinense occurs in northwestern Namibia in the vicinity of Sesfontein, and P. variabile from the Bergsig area 100 km to the south-southeast and southwards to west central Namibia and in northern Namibia near Otavi and Grootfontein. Records of P. variabile in Angola have not yet been vetted by the first author and might represent a different taxon. Petalidium sesfonteinense can also be confused with P. ohopohense, P. pilosi-bracteolatum, P. rossmannianum, and P.welwitschii, especially in herbarium specimens where fresh flowering material is not available. However, distribution of P. sesfonteinense does not overlap with these species, with P. pilosi-bracteolatum occurring to the south and the other three species to the east or the north of P. sesfonteinense. Other species of Petalidium occurring within the range of P. sesfonteinense are P. angustitibum Meyer (1967: 505), P. coccineum, P. halimoides, and P. lanatum. All the mentioned species, including P. sesfonteinense, are from the group composed of plants with irregular, four-parted calyces (Obermeijer 1936, Tripp et al. 2017). A key to P. sesfonteinense, P. kaokoense, P. variabile and other species of Petalidium within its distribution range is provided. Indumentum is very useful in differentiating among the mentioned taxa and consists mainly of three types of trichomes: simple (unbranched), stellate, and dendritic. The simple trichomes are either single or multi-celled and gland-tipped or not. The stellate trichomes are either stalked or sessile with arms radiating from a common point. The dendritic trichomes are stalked with the arms spirally arranged, opposite and distichous, or opposite and decussate. Each taxon has a unique combination of trichomes (see Table 1 and key to species). Tripp et al. (2017) conducted a phylogenomic study of Petalidium, sampling several species including Petalidium sesfonteinense (therein labelled as “ Petalidium variabile 16-20”), along with P. rossmannianum, P. welwitschii, and P. kaokoense (therein labelled with an arrow as “ Petalidium sp. 8 [cf. variabile]”). These four species together formed a strongly supported clade (Clades 7, 8, & 9 Tripp et al. 2017) that is sister to Clade 10, which contained Petalidium crispum Meuse ex Meyer (1961: 66), P. coccineum, and P. bracteatum Obermeijer (1936: 161). More sampling combined with next-generation sequencing is needed to further elucidate phylogenetic relatedness of this new species to other species of Petalidium, including the widespread P. variabile (Manzitto-Tripp et al. in prep.). In turn, this would help to clarify geographical limits of these closely related species. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— NAMIBIA, Kunene Region:—1813: North of Sesfontein, (– CD), 31 March 2004, Burke 04080 (WIND!); 42 km before Sesfontein from Puros, (–CD), 446 m, 18 May 2014, Klaassen EK2548 (WIND!); Hills 2 km north of Okarondokavi, (–CD), 742 m, 14 May 2022, Swanepoel 579 (WIND); Hills 2.5 km north of Okarondokavi, (–CD), 760 m, 14 May 2022, Swanepoel 580 (WIND); 6 km south of Okovikuta on road to Ganamub, (–CD), 694 m, 14 May 2022, Swanepoel 581 (WIND!).—1913: 33 km from Sesfontein turn-off to Hoanib River, (–AB), 347 m, 17 May 2014, Klaassen EK2542 (WIND!); 20 km Noord van Sesfontein, dolomiet berge, (–BA), 21 May 1976, Viljoen 313 (WIND!); ca. 3 km W of Sesfontein, (–BA), 600 m, 11 April 1985, Jacobsen & Moss K130 (WIND!); Dry water course in calcrete hills NW of Sesfontein, (–BA), 11 September 1995, Sullivan 350 (WIND!); 2 km NW of Sesfontein on D 3707, extremely dry slate slopes hosting on Ruellia, Justicia and Petalidium, (–BA), 26 March 2010, Tripp & Dexter 865–869 (PRE!, WIND!); Mountains 5 km southwest of Sesfontein, (–BA), 499 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 578 (WIND!); Hoanib Poort 11 km east of Sesfontein on road to Warmquelle, (–BA), 609 m, 15 May 2022, Swanepoel 582 (WIND!); 6 km east of Ganamub on road to Sesfontein, (–BA), 631 m, 25 May 2022, Swanepoel 584 (WIND!); 9 km east-northeast of Warmquelle in poort on road to Beesvlakte, (–BB), 919 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 576 (WIND!); 12 km east-northeast of Warmquelle in poort on road to Beesvlakte, (–BB), 1068 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 577 (WIND!); 37 km from Khowarib on road to Palmwag, (–DB), 1006 m, 12 May 2022, Swanepoel 575 (WIND)., Published as part of Swanepoel, Wessel & Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A., 2022, Petalidium sesfonteinense (Acanthaceae), a new species from the Kaokoveld, Namibia, pp. 127-135 in Phytotaxa 549 (2) on pages 128-134, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6622694, {"references":["Manktelow, M. (2000) The filament curtain: a structure important to systematics and pollination biology in the Acanthaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 129 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / bojl. 1999.0309","Mendelsohn, J., Jarvis, A., Roberts, C. & Robertson, T. (2002) Atlas of Namibia. Philip, Cape Town, 200 pp.","IUCN (2012) IUCN red list categories and criteria: Vers. 3.1. 2 nd edn. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U. K., iv + 32 pp.","Meyer, P. G. (1967) Beitrage zur kenntnis der Acanthaceen Sudwestafrikas. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Munchen 6: 505 - 515. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 51962 page / 537 / mode / 1 up]","Obermeijer, A. A. (1936) The South African species of Petalidium. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18: 151 - 162.","Tripp, E. A., Tsai, Y. E., Zhuang, Y. & Dexter, K. G. (2017) RADseq dataset with 90 % missing data fully resolves recent radiation of Petalidium (Acanthaceae) in the ultra-arid deserts of Namibia. Ecology and Evolution 7: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.3274","Meyer, P. G. (1961) Beitrage zur kenntnis der Acanthaceen Sudwestafrikas (III). Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Munchen 4: 59 - 72. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 52384 page / 747 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Thyrsacanthus ramosus (Nees von Esenbeck 1847a: 112) Côrtes & Rapini (2010: 970). ≡ Drejera ramosa Nees von Esenbeck (1847a: 112). Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. “Prov. Goyazana” [Minas Gerais]: “Allegres” [Mun. João Pinheiro], s.d., J. B. E. Pohl 1905 (GZU (GZU000249898)!; isolectotypes BR (BR0000006943295)!, K (K000529298)!, W (W0056712)!, W (W0056713)!). = Anisacanthus pohlii Lindau (1897: 663). syn. nov. Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. “Prov. Goyazana” [Minas Gerais]: “Allegres” [Mun. João Pinheiro], s.d., J. B. E. Pohl 1905 (W (W0056711)!; holotype B † = F negative No. 8760!). Distribution and habitat: — Thyrsacanthus ramosus is endemic to Brazil, recorded for the States of Goiás, Minas Gerais (the type collection), and São Paulo. This species is a scandent shrub inhabiting riverine forests along the tributary water bodies from the Paraná River in the Cerrado domain. Additional specimens: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Mun. Corumbaíba, margem esquerda do rio Corumbá, próximo ao eixo da barragem, 25 June 1993 (fl, fr), H . G.P. Santos et al. 122 (CEN, SPF – 2 sheets). São Paulo: Mun. Mogi-Guaçu, Reserva Biológica e Estação Experimental de Mogi-Guaçu, Mata do Cassimiro, 20 July 1992 (fl), C . E.O. Lohmann et al. 21 (HUEFS, SP, US). Notes: —The Nees von Esenbeck’s Acanthaceae monographs in Martius’ “ Flora Brasiliensis ” (Nees von Esenbeck 1847a) and in De Candolle’s “ Prodromus ” (Nees von Esenbeck 1847b) were published a few months apart (see Stafleu & Cowan 1976: 446, 1981: 336, 708). Because “ Flora Brasiliensis ” was published first, the names treated there have priority over the same names in the “ Prodromus,” which are isonyms (see Principle III and Art. 6 Note 2; Turland et al. 2018) although Nees von Esenbeck (1847a) hardly mentions the collections he relied on to describe his new names. In contrast, in “ Prodromus,” Nees von Esenbeck (1847b) almost always names the herbarium where he saw the specimens. Côrtes et al. (2010) mentioned that the “ holotype ” of Drejera ramosa is housed at GZU. Four specimens that correspond to the original material annotated by Nees von Esenbeck (1847a) were found at BR, GZU, K and W. However, according to Art. 9.4 of the ICN, all the specimens belonging to the type collection are syntypes, because a single specimen was not designated as the type in the protologue Nees von Esenbeck (e.g., Nees von Esenbeck 1847a). To avoid future confusion, the same specimen at GZU (GZU000249898) formerly cited by Côrtes et al. (2010) as “ holotype ” has been chosen as the lectotype. After we studied specimens at W, we realized that the types of Anisacanthus pohlii and Drejera ramosa correspond to a single J.E. Pohl’s gathering from the collection of the Austrian expedition to Brazil (1817–1835). All specimens have branches and leaves with hispid indumentum, leaf-blades with markedly impressed secondary veins, and inflorescences with secund flowers (originally decussate but with one flower per node aborted and alternately arranged, giving the impression of being secund). The number “1905,” cited by Lindau (1897) for A. pohlii, matches the Pohl’s diary number; while the number “2944,” cited by Nees von Esenbeck (1847b) for D. ramosa, to the “Herbarium Brasiliense” series. Therefore, Anisacanthus pohlii is here proposed as a synonym of D. ramosa. Additionally, we chose one of the three specimens at W (Fig. 2B) as the lectotype for A. pohlii because its holotype was destroyed in World War II (Art. 9.3; Turland et al. 2018)., Published as part of Chagas, Earl Celestino De Oliveira & Costa-Lima, James Lucas Da, 2022, A new combination in Justicia and a new synonym in Thyrsacanthus results in the restriction of Anisacanthus s. str. (Acanthaceae) to Central and North America, pp. 117-121 in Phytotaxa 549 (1) on pages 119-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/6605240, {"references":["Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1847 a) Acanthaceae. In: von Martius, C. F. P. (Ed.) Flora Brasiliensis [...], vol. 9. Typographia Regia C. Wolf et fil. & Offic. Lithograph. S. Minsinger, Monachii [Munich] & Frid. Fleischer in Comm., Lipsi ӕ [Leipzig], pp. 1 - 164, tab. 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 454","Cortes, A. L. A., Borges, R. L. B. & Rapini, A. (2010) Reinstatement of Thyrsacanthus Moric. (Acanthaceae) and taxonomic novelties in the genus. Taxon 59 (3): 965 - 972. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 593025","Lindau, G. (1897) Acanthace ӕ American ӕ et Asiatic ӕ. Nov ӕ vel minus cognit ӕ. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 5 (8): 643 - 681.","Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1847 b) Acanthaceae. In: De Candolle, A. (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis [...], vol. 11. Victoris Masson, Parisiis [Paris], pp. 46 - 519, 720 - 732 (Appendix). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. (1976) Taxonomic literature: A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types, ed. 2, vol. 1, A - G, Regnum Vegetabile 94. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, pp. 1 - 1136. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48631","Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. (1981) Taxonomic literature: A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types, ed. 2, vol. 3, Lh - O, Regnum Vegetabile 105. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, pp. 1 - 980. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48631","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017, Regnum Vegetabile vol. 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Chagas, Earl Celestino De Oliveira, Costa-Lima, James Lucas Da (2022): A new combination in Justicia and a new synonym in Thyrsacanthus results in the restriction of Anisacanthus s.str. (Acanthaceae) to Central and North America. Phytotaxa 549 (1): 117-121, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.11

Justicia triloba (Lindau 1914: 196) E.C.O.Chagas & Costa-Lima, comb. nov. ≡ Anisacanthus trilobus Lindau (1914: 196). Type:— BRAZIL. Piauí: Serra Branca, January 1907, E. Ule 7480 (holotype B† = F negative No. 8762!; lectotype K (K000529393)!, designated by Côrtes et al. (2010); isotypes G (G00236111)!, HBG (HBG522692)!, L (L2831415)!). (Figure 1A) = Harpochilus trimerocalyx Rizzini (1948: 359). Type:— BRAZIL. Piauí: Serra do Brejo, July 1912, P. von Luetzelburg 1301 (holotype RB (RB00533887)!). (Figure 1B) Distribution and habitat: — Justicia triloba is endemic to Brazil, occurring in the mountain ranges and plateaus from northeastern Brazil and its adjacencies, recorded along the Espinhaço Mountain Range (States of Bahia and Minas Gerais), Espigão Mestre (western State of Bahia and eastern State of Tocantins), Araripe (between the of States of Piauí, Ceará, and Pernambuco), and Ibiapaba (between the States of Piauí and Ceará) Plateaus (Chagas & Costa-Lima 2020a). Justicia triloba is a much-branched shrub, mainly inhabiting the dry scrubby vegetation, locally known as carrasco, but with some records in caatinga s.str., campo rupestre (within the Caatinga domain), and cerrado s.l. vegetation (Cerrado domain). Selected additional specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia: [Mun. Igaporã], 2 km E of Igaporã, on the BR 430 and about 44 km from Caetité, 13º46’S, 42º41’W, 14 April 1980 (fl), R. M . Harley et al. 21361 (CEPEC, IPA, K, MO, NY, RB, UEC, U, US). Ceará: Mun. Aiuaba, Gameleira de Baixo, 12 April 1991 (fl), M. A . Figueiredo et al. 116 (EAC). Minas Gerais: Mun. Buenópolis, Distrito de Curimataí, 17º55’7”S, 44º0’47”W, 22 January 2018 (fl), D. R . Gonzaga & W. A. Campanharo 1127 (RB). Pernambuco: Mun. Araripina, entre Feira Nova e Araripina, 6 May 1971 (fl), E.P . Heringer et al. 585 (IPA, RB, SPF, UB, US). Piauí: Mun. Padre Marcos, Serra Velha, km 2 da vicinal para Alagoinha do Piauí, 420 m, 21 May 1995 (fl, fr), M. E . Alencar 264 (HUEFS, K, US). Tocantins: Mun. Rio da Conceição, Folha SC-23-Y- C, T-5, área 7, ponto 18a, 649 m, 11º25’14”S, 46º44’20”W, 3 July 2009 (fl), F. C. A . Oliveira et al. 1500 (IBGE). Notes: —The pollen morphology of Justicia triloba was discussed in detail by Côrtes et al. (2010), and the basic pattern of its pollen grains (i.e., 3-colporate + 6-syncolpate) is one of the variations of the pollen type found in the New World “justicioid” lineage. The same type of pollen morphology is illustrated by Rizzini (1948) for Harpochilus trimerocalyx, included by Côrtes et al. (2010) as a synonym of its basionym Anisacanthus trilobus. However, due to a floral morphology similar to the species of Thyrsacanthus from northeastern Brazil [e.g., Thyrsacanthus microphyllus Côrtes & Rapini in Côrtes et al. (2010: 967) and T. ramosissimus Moricand (1847: 165)] and pollen morphology congruent with the New Word “justicioid” lineage species, Côrtes et al. (2010) considered A. trilobus of uncertain generic position. Subsequently, based on molecular data, Côrtes et al. (2015) confirmed that A. trilobus is phylogenetically more related to the New World “justicioid” lineage, within Justicia Linnaeus (1753: 15) and closely related to Harpochilus Nees von Esenbeck (1847a: 146) species. In addition, Justicia triloba shares with Justicia and related genera similar morphology of the capsules and seeds and some diagnostic characters, such as the presence of rugula in the corolla and anthers with asymmetric thecae. It is morphologically related to Justicia lepida (Moricand 1847: 157) Wasshausen (1973: 3), a species endemic to the Chapada Diamantina (and adjacent areas), in the State of Bahia, Brazil, occurring in campo rupestre vegetation (Côrtes & Rapini 2013, Chagas & Costa-Lima 2020b). Both species present branches with pubescent and glaucous indumentum, cymose dichasial inflorescences usually reduced to a single flower, a red corolla, calyx generally 3-partite, the lobes partially to fully fused, capsules with the fertile portion subglobose and irregularly striated longitudinally and seeds large, flat, and glabrous. Consequently, we propose its combination under Justicia., Published as part of Chagas, Earl Celestino De Oliveira & Costa-Lima, James Lucas Da, 2022, A new combination in Justicia and a new synonym in Thyrsacanthus results in the restriction of Anisacanthus s. str. (Acanthaceae) to Central and North America, pp. 117-121 in Phytotaxa 549 (1) on pages 118-119, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/6605240, {"references":["Lindau, G. (1914) Acanthaceae. In: Pilger, R (Ed.) Plantae Uleanae novae vel minus cognitae [Heft 3]. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 6 (56): 192 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994404","Cortes, A. L. A., Borges, R. L. B. & Rapini, A. (2010) Reinstatement of Thyrsacanthus Moric. (Acanthaceae) and taxonomic novelties in the genus. Taxon 59 (3): 965 - 972. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 593025","Rizzini, C. T. (1948) Disquisito circa Acanthacearum Aliquot genera Brasiliensia. Archivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 8: 295 - 372.","Chagas, E. C. O. & Costa-Lima, J. L. (2020 a) Anisacanthus. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // reflora. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 15335 (accessed 22 May 2021)","Moricand, M. E. (1847) Plantes Nouvelles d'Amerique, livr. 9. Imprimerie de Jules-Gme Fick, Geneve [Geneva], pp. 141 - 176, tab. 85 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106626","Cortes, A. L. A., Rapini, A. & Daniel, T. (2015) The Tetramerium lineage (Acanthaceae: Justicieae) does not support the Pleistocene Arc hypothesis for South American seasonally dry forests. American Journal of Botany 102 (6): 992 - 1007. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1400558","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum [...], vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmi ӕ [Stockholm], pp. 1 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1847 a) Acanthaceae. In: von Martius, C. F. P. (Ed.) Flora Brasiliensis [...], vol. 9. Typographia Regia C. Wolf et fil. & Offic. Lithograph. S. Minsinger, Monachii [Munich] & Frid. Fleischer in Comm., Lipsi ӕ [Leipzig], pp. 1 - 164, tab. 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 454","Wasshausen, D. C. (1973) New combinations in cultivated Justicia (Acanthaceae). Baileya 19 (1): 1 - 3.","Chagas, E. C. O. & Costa-Lima, J. L. (2020 b) Justicia. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // reflora. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 4137 (accessed 22 May 2021)"]}

Barleria grandiflora Dalzell (1850: 339). Type (lectotype designated here):— INDIA. Bombay [Mumbai], s.d., Dalzell s.n. ex Herb. Hookerianum (K barcode K001392446!). Fig. 2. Residual syntypes:—K barcodes K001392447!, K000797793! and K000797794! Notes: The species was described by Dalzell (1850) who provided a description and mentioned the locality “Crescit in montibus Syhadree ad Tulkut Ghaut”. In search of specimens of Dalzell in K, CAL, DD and W, we found five specimens under the name B. grandiflora (K001392446, K001392447, K000797793, K000797794 and K000797795). All the specimens except K000797795 (collected by J.E.Stocks) were collected by Dalzell and can be considered as original material. Shendage & Yadav (2010: 121) indicated “ Tulkut Ghat in Syahadri, Dalzell s. n. (K)” as “ Type ”, but they did not satisfy Art. 7.11 of the ICN, so this was not an effective lectotypification. From these K specimens we select K001392446 as lectotype because the sheet is annotated by Dalzell in his own hand and bears a complete specimen with flower., Published as part of Patil, Suraj S., Deshmukh, Pradip V. & Lekhak, Manoj M., 2022, Typification of some names in Indian Barleria L. (Acanthaceae), pp. 285-294 in Phytotaxa 547 (3) on page 289, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6577570, {"references":["Dalzell, N. A. (1850) Contributions to the Botany of Western India. In: W. J. Hooker (Ed.) Hooker's journal of botany and Kew Garden miscellany, 2. Benham and Reeve, London, pp. 336 - 344.","Shendage, S. M. & Yadav, S. R. (2010) Revision of the genus Barleria (Acanthaceae) in India. Rheedea 20: 81 - 130."]}

Barleria strigosa Willdenow (1800: 379) Type (lectotype designated here):— INDIA ORIENTALIS, s.d. (B-W 11664 -02 0!). Fig. 6. Residual syntype:—B-W barcode B-W11664 -01 0! ≡ Barleria caerulea Roxburgh (1832: 39), nom. illeg. [nom. superfl.]. = Barleria polytricha Wallich (1830b: 72) Type (lectotype designated here):— MYANMAR. “Meaong ripae Irawaddi”, 1826, Wallich (Cat. no. 7143A) (K001126778!). Fig. 7. Residual syntype:—K barcode K001126779! = Barleria hirsuta Nees (1832: 91), nom. illeg. (non Jacq. 1767). Type (lectotype designated here):—“Prome mont.”, 1826, Wallich 130 (GZU GZU000249406!). Residual syntypes:—Wallich Cat. no. 7142A (K barcode K001126776!); 7142B (K barcode K001126777!). Notes: Willdenow (1800) published B. strigosa with a diagnostic phrase name “ B inermis, foliis oblongis subtus petiolis ramisque strigosis, bracteis ciliatis ” and provided its origin as “Habitat in India orientali” and “v.s.” (vidi siccas), indicating that he had seen at least one herbarium specimen. There are two specimens in B-W (B-W 11664 -01 0 and B-W 11664 -02 0). Both specimens are in good condition bearing leaves, inflorescence and flowers. Willdenow’s protologue of B. strigosa matches with the morphology of both specimens and they can be considered original material. Here, we designate the specimen (B-W 11664 -02 0) as lectotype, which is well mounted on herbarium sheet and depicts flower structure clearly. Curiously, Shendage & Yadav (2010: 107) indicated “Wall., Numer. List No. 2509g (CAL)” as “type”, but this gathering, from cultivation in the Calcutta Botanic Garden, was almost certainly unavailable to Willdenow in 1800. Wallich (1830) described B. polytricha based on two syntype gatherings, one raised in the Calcutta Botanical Garden from seed he collected below Prome along the Irawaddi [Ayeyarwady] River (Wallich’s Cat. no. 7143A: K001126778) and another collected by William Gomez in Tavoy (Wallich’s Cat. no. 7143B: K001126779). The K specimen of 7143A bears an original label indicating Meaong (now Myanmar), whereas that of 7143B lacks locality information. Here, we designate the specimen bearing Wallich’s Catalogue no. 7143A (K001126778) as lectotype. Again, Shendage & Yadav (2010: 107) indicated “Wall., Numer. List No. 7143a (CAL)” as “type”, but this has no standing (Art. 7.11). Nees (1832) described B. hirsuta based on two syntype gatherings, one from Prome and another from Tong Dong, both from Myanmar. We found that the name B. hirsuta Nees is a later homonym of B. hirsuta Jacq. and hence, an illegitimate name. In search of the original material, we found three specimens collected by Wallich. Two are housed at K, i.e. from Prome (Wallich’s Cat. no. 7142A: K001126776) and Tong Dong (Wallich’s Cat. no. 7142B: K001126777). The third one from Prome Mont is at GZU (Wallich’s no. 130: GZU000249406). Here, we designate the specimen from GZU (GZU000249406) as lectotype., Published as part of Patil, Suraj S., Deshmukh, Pradip V. & Lekhak, Manoj M., 2022, Typification of some names in Indian Barleria L. (Acanthaceae), pp. 285-294 in Phytotaxa 547 (3) on page 293, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6577570, {"references":["Willdenow, C. L. (1800) Caroli a Linnei Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, 3 (1). Impensis G. C. Nauk, Berolini, pp. 375 - 380.","Roxburgh, W. (1832) Flora indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants, 3. W. Thacker, Serampore, pp. 39 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 590","Wallich, N. (1830 b) Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants, 1. Treuttel et Wurtz, London, pp. 72 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 468","Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis. In: N. Wallich (Ed.) Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants, 3. Treuttel et Wurtz, London, pp. 91 - 93.","Shendage, S. M. & Yadav, S. R. (2010) Revision of the genus Barleria (Acanthaceae) in India. Rheedea 20: 81 - 130."]}

Barleria pilosa Nees (1832: 93) Type (lectotype designated here):— INDIA. Courtallum, Wallich Cat. no. 2502b, Herb. Heyne (K barcode K001116226!). Fig. 5. Residual syntypes:—GZU barcodes GZU000261736! and GZU000251702!; K barcodes K001116225! and K000797788!; CAL barcodes CAL0000072414! and CAL0000033995! Notes: Nees (1832) validated B. pilosa based on the two gatherings distributed by Wallich ‘Herb. Madrasp. et Herb. Heyn. Wall. Cat. n. 2502a, b.’ without specifying the type. Shendage and Yadav (2010: 94) indicated “Wall., Numer. List No. 2502a (CAL)” as lectotype for the name, but their lectotypification was ineffective, as it violates Art. 7.11 of the ICN. The original material for this name includes two specimens mounted on the same sheet from Nees’s Herbarium at GZU, one (GZU000261736) labelled “2502 / Barleria pilosa Hb. Madr. / e Courtallum” and the other (GZU000251702) “2502/b / Hb. Heyn. / e Courtallum”; two specimens at K (“a”: K001116225 & “b”: K001116226) mounted together with Wallich’s (1830a: 76) cut-out label and another (K000797788) with label “ Barleria pilosa Heyne / ‘Cuttalam’ July 1828 ”; and two specimens at CAL (“2502 / Hb. Madr.”: CAL0000072414 & “2502 / Hb. Heyn.”: CAL0000033995). Instead of the specimen from CAL, we select the specimen from K (K001116226) as lectotype because it matches well with the protologue., Published as part of Patil, Suraj S., Deshmukh, Pradip V. & Lekhak, Manoj M., 2022, Typification of some names in Indian Barleria L. (Acanthaceae), pp. 285-294 in Phytotaxa 547 (3) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6577570, {"references":["Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis. In: N. Wallich (Ed.) Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants, 3. Treuttel et Wurtz, London, pp. 91 - 93.","Shendage, S. M. & Yadav, S. R. (2010) Revision of the genus Barleria (Acanthaceae) in India. Rheedea 20: 81 - 130.","Wallich, N. (1830 a) A numerical list of dried specimens of plants, in the East India Companys Museum collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company's botanic garden at Calcutta. London, pp. 75 - 76."]}

Barleria cuspidata Nees (1832: 93) Type (lectotype designated here):— INDIA. s.d., Wallich Cat. no. 2499b, Herb. Heyne (K barcode K000797773!). Fig. 1. Residual syntypes:—Wallich Cat. no. 2499a (GZU barcode GZU000251701!, K001116219!); 2499b (GZU barcode GZU000251699!; K, barcode K001116217!); 2499c (GZU barcode GZU000251537!; K, barcode K001116218!); 2496c (GZU barcode GZU000251698!; K barcode K000797771—72!). Notes: Nees (1832) validated Barleria cuspidata based on three gatherings listed under this name (“Herb. Madr., Herb. Heyn. et Herb. Wight. Wall. Cat. n. 2499a, b, c”) in Wallich’s Catalogue (1830a: 75), one distributed as ‘ B. mucronata ’ from Wight’s herbarium (“Wight Herb. propr. n. 16”), and another as “ B. noctiflora Hb. Heyn. ” from Wallich’s Catalogue (“n. 2496c”). Nees also indicated two localities: “in aridis Indiae or., prope Tanschaur (Tanjore), (Linn.)” and “In collibus provinciae Madurae, Dindygul etc. (Wight)”. The first appears to be a reference to what is cited (“aridis Tanschaur. König”) in the protologue of B. noctiflora L.f. (1782: 290), which Nees (1832) treated as a distinct species without citing this locality, so it is unclear to what Nees may have been referring. None of the specimens involved was indicated as a type. Therefore, the specimens 2499a, b and c and the other two specimens constitute syntypes. Shendage & Yadav (2010: 111) indicated “Wall., Numer. List No. 2499 (Photo!, K)” as “Type”, but this is not a single gathering (Art. 9.17 of the ICN) nor did they use the term “here designated” (Art. 7.11 of the ICN) or an equivalent, so this was not an acceptable lectotypification. While searching for the relevant type we found several sheets associated with Barleria cuspidata. At the Graz herbarium (GZU), where Nees’s Acanthaceae specimens now reside (Stafleu & Cowan 1981: 706), we found five sheets, viz. 2499a (GZU000251701) annotated with ‘Herb. Madr.’, 2499b (GZU000251699) with ‘Herb. Heyn.’, 2499c (GZU000251537) with ‘Herb. Wight.’, 2496c (GZU000251698) with ‘ Barleria noctiflora Herb. Heyn / ad partem’, and Herb. Wight propr. 16 (GZU000249396) with “ Barleria mucronata ”. The specimen number 16 distributed by Wight, according to Wight & Arnott (1934: 4), was actually a species of Ranunculus, prompting Nees (1847: 239) to later indicate this as “Wight h. propr. n. 1963”. At the Kew herbarium (K) we found six specimens pasted on two sheets (three each on a sheet). The first sheet bears a cut-out label from Wallich’s Catalogue “2499 Barleria cuspidata Hb. Madr. / B. Hb. Heyn. / C. Hb. Wight” and various plant fragments labelled with pencil “a” (K001116219), “b” (K001116217) and “c” (K001116218) whereas the second sheet comprises three specimens K000797771, K000797772 and K000797773, of which K000797773 is annotated as ‘2499b / Hb. Heyne’. The specimen K000797771 is annotated ‘Herb. Madr.’ and is without collection number whereas K000797772 bears the label ‘Herb. Wight. propr. 1963’. Five of these specimens, excepting K000797771, appear to be duplicates of specimens Nees possessed in his herbarium and would be original material for his name. From among the original material indicated above we select the specimen 2499b (K000797773) as the lectotype, it is well preserved and matches well with the protologue., Published as part of Patil, Suraj S., Deshmukh, Pradip V. & Lekhak, Manoj M., 2022, Typification of some names in Indian Barleria L. (Acanthaceae), pp. 285-294 in Phytotaxa 547 (3) on pages 285-287, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6577570, {"references":["Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis. In: N. Wallich (Ed.) Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants, 3. Treuttel et Wurtz, London, pp. 91 - 93.","Shendage, S. M. & Yadav, S. R. (2010) Revision of the genus Barleria (Acanthaceae) in India. Rheedea 20: 81 - 130.","Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. (1981) Taxonomic literature, ed. 2. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Vol. III: Lh-O. Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, pp. 706.","Wight, R. & Arnott, G. A. W. (1934) Prodromus florae peninsula Indiae orientalis. Parbury, Allen, & Co., London, pp. 4.","Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. (1847) Acanthaceae. In: de Candolle, A. L. P. P. (Ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 11. Masson, Paris, pp. 46 - 519."]}

Barleria lawii T. Anderson (1867: 492) Type (lectotype designated here):— INDIA. Bababoodun [Baba Budan] hills, s.d., Law s.n. (CAL barcode CAL0000019892!). Fig. 3. Residual syntypes:— BR No. 694246!; C barcode C10004759!; CAL barcode CAL0000019891!; P barcodes P00719485!, P00719488!, P00719487! and P00719490! Notes: This species was described by Thomas Anderson (1867), who cited two different gatherings in the protologue, viz. ‘in collibus Babadoodun, Law’ [on the hills of Babadoodun (Baba Budan), collected by Law] and ‘in montibus Concan et Malabar, Stocks, Law [in the mountains of Konkan and Malabar collected by Stocks and Law], these two gatherings must be treated as syntypes (Art. 9.6 of the ICN). Shendage & Yadav (2010: 103) indicated “ India, Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Bababudan hills, Stocks & Law 33 (CAL)” as the type, again failing to satisfy Art. 7.11 of the ICN so their type indication has no standing. We select the specimen from Anderson’s Herbarium collected by Law (CAL0000019892) (Fig. 3). From Bababoodun [Baba Budan] as lectotype as it matches well with the protologue. The other syntype gathering, Stocks & Law 33, from the Hooker et Thomson Herbarium is represented in BR (no. 694246), C (C10004759), CAL (CAL0000019891), and P (P00719485, P00719488, P00719487 and P00719490)., Published as part of Patil, Suraj S., Deshmukh, Pradip V. & Lekhak, Manoj M., 2022, Typification of some names in Indian Barleria L. (Acanthaceae), pp. 285-294 in Phytotaxa 547 (3) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6577570, {"references":["Anderson, T. (1867) An Enumeration of the Indian Species of Acanthaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 9: 425 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1867. tb 01308. x","Shendage, S. M. & Yadav, S. R. (2010) Revision of the genus Barleria (Acanthaceae) in India. Rheedea 20: 81 - 130."]}

Barleria nitida Nees (1832: 91) Type (lectotype designated here):— INDIA. s.d., Wallich’s Cat. no. 2509h, Herb. Wight (K barcode K001116287!). Fig. 4. Residual syntypes:—GZU barcode GZU000249420!; K barcode K001116288! Notes: Nees (1832) described the species based on three syntype gatherings distributed by Wallich (“Wall. Cat. n. 2509 h [‘ Barleria cristata ? Herb. Wight’], and i [‘ Barleria pungens ? Herb. Heyn. ’]”) and Wight (“Herb. propr. n. 14”), but did not specify one of these as the type. The specimen number 14 distributed by Wight, according to Wight & Arnott (1934: 4), was actually a species of Ranunculus, prompting Nees (1847: 224) to later indicate this as “Wight h. propr. n. 1955”. Shendage & Yadav (2010: 105) designated a specimen indicated as ‘Herb. Prop., Wight s.n. ’ from Madras Herbarium (MH) as lectotype. Although this specimen was collected by Wight, there is no indication that it bears the number 14 or 1955. So, it cannot be considered original material of Nees, and hence their attempted lectotypification cannot be followed. We could find three specimens, one at GZU (GZU000249420) from Nees Herbarium that bears the label ‘ 2509/h B. cristata ? Hb. Wight. ’ and two specimens on a single sheet at K, K001116287 and K001116288 with label 2509h and 2509i, respectively. Here, we choose one of the specimens from K (K001116287) as a lectotype., Published as part of Patil, Suraj S., Deshmukh, Pradip V. & Lekhak, Manoj M., 2022, Typification of some names in Indian Barleria L. (Acanthaceae), pp. 285-294 in Phytotaxa 547 (3) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6577570, {"references":["Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis. In: N. Wallich (Ed.) Plantae Asiaticae rariores, or, Descriptions and figures of a select number of unpublished East Indian plants, 3. Treuttel et Wurtz, London, pp. 91 - 93.","Wight, R. & Arnott, G. A. W. (1934) Prodromus florae peninsula Indiae orientalis. Parbury, Allen, & Co., London, pp. 4.","Nees Von Esenbeck, C. G. (1847) Acanthaceae. In: de Candolle, A. L. P. P. (Ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 11. Masson, Paris, pp. 46 - 519.","Shendage, S. M. & Yadav, S. R. (2010) Revision of the genus Barleria (Acanthaceae) in India. Rheedea 20: 81 - 130."]}

Nomenclatural investigation was carried out on eight binomials published in the genus Barleria L. (Acanthaceae). All the binomials were typified. Six of these names (B. cuspidata Heyne ex Nees, B. grandiflora Dalzell, B. lawii T.Anderson, B. nitida Nees, B. pilosa Heyne ex Nees and B. strigosa Willd. are currently accepted names. Of the remaining two, B. hirsuta Nees is a later homonym of B. hirsuta Jacq. and B. polytricha Wall., a synonym of B. strigosa Willd.

Ruellia scarlatina M.J. Silva, nom. nov. (Figure 1). = Ruellia capitata Rizzini (1956: 156.) nom. illeg., non Ruellia capitata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don. (1825: 120). Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia, 26 July 1952, fl., localidade do Macedo, A. Macedo 3677 (holotype RB 78758!; isotypes NY930506! S09-8233!, SP 84553!, US 2059785!, US 2197176!). Description:—Shrub or subshrub, erect, 0.7–1.8 m tall; stems subcylindrical at base and subquadrangular distally, green with brown spots, glabrous, few or non-branched on upper third; internodes 1.5–4.6 cm long, slightly dilated above the nodes. Leaves opposite decussate, membranaceous; petiole 6–7 mm long; leaf blade11–12 × 1.9–4.2 cm, narrowly elliptic, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, base attenuated, apex acuminate, margins entire, sparsely scabridulous with glandular-sessile trichomes on both surfaces, the scabridulous trichomes denser on the veins, adaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface opaque green, venation camptodromous-brochidodromous, secondary veins 8–10 per side, curved at apex, impressed on adaxial surface, prominent on abaxial surface, tertiary veins perpendicular to the secondary ones, impressed on both surfaces; cystoliths conspicuous on both surfaces. Thyrses glomeruliform, four-sided, 3–5 cm long, terminal, congested, sessile; bracts 3.9–5.5 × 0.4–0.6 cm, lanceolate, lance-elliptic, margins ciliate, apex acute, similar tonormal leaves in terms of indumentum, sessile; bracteoles 2.4–2.7 × 1.1–1.3 cm, widely ovate, pubescent and glandular-capitate on both surfaces, margins entire, apex acute, conspicuously nerved, sessile. Flowers 5.2–5.3 cm long; calyx 2.2–2.3 cm long, with glandular and pubescent trichomes on both surfaces, 5-lobed, lobes 2.2–2.5 × 0.49–0.51 cm, subequal, lanceolate, foliaceous, margins entire, apex obtuse; corolla 4.9–5 cm long, infundibuliform, scarlet-red, glandular-capitate externally, tube 2.6–2.7 cm long, the throat 2–2.3 cm long, subcylindrical, lobes 1.4–1.5 × 1–1.1 cm, slightly curved and spreading, ovate or ovate-elliptic, apex obtuse, rounded or emarginate; stamens 4, weakly didynamous, exserted, filaments inserted ca. 2.6 cm above the base of the corolla, sparsely hirsute-glandular, the shorter pair ca. 3.4 mm long, the longer pair ca. 3.5 mm long, anthers 5.8–6 mm long, dorsifixed, sagittate, mucronulate; ovary 4.2–4.3 × 1.3–1.7 mm, oblongoid or oblong-obovoid, densely and shortly hispid, styles 5.3–6.3 cm long, hispid, stigma bilobed, asymmetrical, nectar disc annular. Capsules 1.5–1.6 × ca. 0.5 cm, clavate, shortly acuminate, green when immature and cream-colored when mature, dense and short-tomentose; retinacula 2.9–3 mm long; calyx persistent and larger than the fruits. Seeds 7-8, 4.7–4.8 × ca. 4.8 mm, orbicular, light brown, apex obtuse, margins slightly whitish, with hygroscopic trichomes covering the entire surface. Phenology:—Collected with flowers in June, and with flowers and fruits in August and September. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to Goiás State, Brazil, and collected so far in mountainous areas in the municipality of Niquelândia (Figure 2). It grows in “cerrados densos”, “brejos”, edges of “florestas estacionais” or “florestas de galeria” on clayey and stony soils between 758 and 818 m. a.s.l. Etymology:—The specific epithet “scarlatina” alludes to its scarlet-red corolla. Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia, ca. 2 km da estrada para Macêdo Velho, 14°21’03”S, 48°24’52’’W, 29 August 1995, fl., M. L. Fonseca, R. Marquete & F. C. A. Oliveira 431 (IBGE, US); ibd., junto a cidade, Morro do Cristo, 14°27’08”S, 48°27’26’’W, 19 September 1996, fl. fr., 29 August 1995, fl., M. Aparecida da Silva & C.C. S. Ferreira 3145 (US, IBGE); ibd., rodovia Niquelândia-Votoratim Metais (BR 535), cerca de 3, 4 km do trevo de Niquelândia, margens da rodovia, 14°26’08”S, 48°26’34.6”W, 818 m. a.s.l., 07 September 2013, fl., Pirani, J.R. et al. 6494 (K, RB, SPF, UB); ibd., 2.3 km N of Niquelândia on GO-535, in route to Macêdo Velho, measured from traffic circle leaving town, 14°42’02”S, 48°29’02”W, 20 August 2016, fl., fr., Erin Tripp & Nicolás Medina 5968 (NY, COLO); ibd., cerca de 3, 5 km antes de chegar a Vila Macedo, cerrado denso, 14°23’53”S, 48°25’58”W, 29 August 2019, fl., fr., M. J. Silva & A. A. Alonso 9887 (UFG); ibd., GO 535 em direção a Vila Macedo, cerca de 200 metros acima da bica, 14°27’03”S, 48°26’46”W, 758 m. a.s.l., 24 June 2021, fl., M. J. Silva & I. S. Santos 12860 (UFG), M. J. Silva & I. S. Santos 12861 (UFG), M. J. Silva & I. S. Santos 128602 (UFG), M. J. Silva & I. S. Santos 12863 (UFG). Preliminary conservation status:—Species classified as Critically Endangered (CR), Criterion B1 subcriteria v, vi., E vii, due to having an estimated Extent of Occurrence of 47,561 Km 2. It forms populations of less than 20 adults plants and grows in areas under strong anthropogenic pressure such as roadsides, but also in mountainous areas, inappropriate for agricultural practices or civil construction. Morphological relationships and systematic position:— Ruellia scarlatina can be recognized by its subshrubby or shrubby habit, glabrous stems, glomeruliform and congested thyrses, with ovate or ovate-elliptic bracteoles, densely covered by glandular trichomes on both sides, flowers with calyx deeply divided into 5 lobes, corolla infundibuliform, scarlet-red, with external glandular trichomes and broad lobes, ovate or ovate-elliptic, stamens weakly didynamous, gynoecium shortly hispid, with clavate capsules with 7 or 8 orbicular seeds completely covered by hygroscopic hairs. According to Ezcurra (1993), due to its red corolla, Ruellia scarlatina could be included in the informal group Physiruellia, which, according to that author, is represented in South America by six species [R. elegans Poiret (1816: 727), R. reitzii Wasshausen & Smith (1969: 60), R. brevifolia (Pohl 1831: 155) Ezcurra (1989: 278), R. angustiflora Ness (1847: 51) Lindau ex Rambo (1964: 23), R. sanguinea Grisebach (1879: 260) and R. longipedunculata Lindau (1895:365)]. Tripp (2007), in a phylogenetic study of Ruellia, recovered the species placed by Ezcurra (1993) into the informal group Physiruelliain the “Physiruellia clade”, which, according to that author, included plants generally with dichasia simple or compound, profusely branched, and often long-pedunculate, flowers subtended by paired bracteoles, corolla often inflated,ovary with 8-14 ovules,capsules clavate,and seeds with hydroscopic trichomes only on their margins. The species of this clade, according to that author, were previously placed in the sections Ruellia and Physiruellia by Lindau (1895). Fernandes et al. (2020) cited six species of Ruellia with red flowers in Goiás State [R. adenocalyx Lindau (1898: 46), R. amplexicaulis (Nees 1847: 59) Lindau (1895: 311), R. angustior (Nees1847: 34) Lindau (1898: 46), R. brevifolia (Pohl 1831: 84) Ezcurra (1989: 278), R. densa (Nees 1847: 47) Hieronymus (1878: 74), and R. elegans Poiret (1816: 727)]. Although R. scarlatina shares red flowers with them, it cannot easily be confused with any of them because of leaf peculiarities (shape, apex, aspects of the trichomes, venation pattern), the type of inflorescence, and capsules, and the number of seeds per capsule, as evidenced in the key below., Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da, 2022, Ruellia scarlatina, a new name for the sixty-year-old but misunderstood Ruellia capitata Rizzini (Acanthaceae), pp. 55-65 in Phytotaxa 547 (1) on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6555939, {"references":["Rizzini, C. T. (1956) Notulae de Acanthaceis novis seu minus cognitis. Dusenia 7: 299 - 305.","Ezcurra, C. (1993) Systematics of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) in southern South America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80: 787 - 845. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2399931","Poiret, J. L. M. (1816) Encyclopeidie meithodique. Botanique, Suppl. 4. Agasse, Paris, 731 pp.","Wasshausen, D. C. & Smith, L. B. (1969) Acantaceas. In: Reitz, R. (ed.) Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. ACAN, Herbario Barbosa Rodrigues, Itajai. pp. 1 - 134.","Pohl, J. B. E. (1831) Plantarum Brasiliae icones et descriptiones hactenus ineditae 2. Antonii Strauss, Vienna, 152 pp.","Ezcurra, C. (1989) Ruellia sanguinea (Acanthaceae) y especies relacionadas en Argentina, Uruguay y sur de Brasil. Darwiniana 29: 269 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2807445","Grisebach, A. H. R. (1879) Symbolae ad Floram Argentinam. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaftenzu Gottingen 24: 3 - 346.","Lindau, G. (1895) Acanthaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die Natirlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4 (3 b). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 274 - 353.","Tripp, E. A. (2007) Evolutionary relationships within the species-rich genus Ruellia (Acanthaceae). Systematic Botany 32: 628 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364407782250625","Fernandes, U. G., Kameyama, C., Ezcurra, C., Indriunas, A. & Pessoa, C. S. (2020) Ruellia. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 4204 (Accessed 7 January 2022)","Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D (1847) Acanthaceae. In: von Martius, C. F. P., Eichler, A. G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis 9. Typographia Regia, Monachii, pp. 1 - 164, t. 1 - 31.","Hieronymus, G. H. E. (1878) Symbolae ad floram Braziliae centralis cognoscendam. In: Vidensk abelige Meddelelserfra Dansk Naturhistorisk Foreningi Kjobenhavn. pp. 104."]}

Key to Ruellia species with red flowers occurring in Goiás 1. Flowers in lax or congested terminal thyrses; corolla infundibuliform always with curved lobes; bracteoles> 1 cm long, foliaceous, covered with non-glandular and glandular trichomes........................................................................................................................2 - Flowers usually in compound dichasia or monochasia, both long-pedunculate, solitary, in pairs(or even three), or in fascicles in the leaf axils; corolla bilabiate or tubiform with straight or slightly curved lobes; bracteoles, when present, Ruellia scarlatina (Fig. 5, B) - Plants indumented; leaves opposite and whorled on the same individual, indumented by velutinous or villous and pluricellular trichomes; thyrses elongated; bracts elliptic or elliptic-obovate covered by glandular stipitate trichomes on both surfaces; bracteoles oblanceolate or spatulate; flowers conspicuously pedicellate, calyx with equal lobes; cystoliths inconspicuous; seeds 3 or 4......................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 3. Leaves sessile, elliptic-obovate with apex obtuse, villous and not whitish on both surfaces; secondary veins prominent on abaxial surface, straight; branches densely villous; capsules densely villous................................................ Ruellia angustior (Fig. 3, F–H) - Leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic or ovate, with apex shortly acuminate, densely velutinous-whitish on both surfaces; secondary veins impressed on abaxial surface, curved; branches densely velutinous; capsules glabrous or glabrescent............................................................................................................................................................................................. Ruellia adenocalyx (Fig. 3, A–E) 4. Flowers in monochasial or compound dichasia, long pedunculate; seeds 8–16................................................................................5 - Flowers solitary, in pairs of (or even three) fascicles, sessile; seeds 4–6............................................... Ruellia densa (Fig. 4, C, D) 5. Corolla ventricose, slightly bilabiate, with erect or ascending lobes and yellow throated internally; stamens weakly didynamous; seeds 10–16....................................................................................................................................... Ruellia brevifolia (Fig. 4, A, B) - Corolla not ventricose, conspicuously bilabiate, with lobes conspicuously curved and throat red or orange internally; stamens conspicuously didynamous; seeds 8–12.............................................................................................................................................6 6. Subshrubs erect; leaves indumented, with apex and base obtuse; flowers in monochasia; corolla hypocrateriform, slightly bilabiate; seeds 10–12, uniformly indumented.......................................................................................................... Ruellia elegans (Fig. 5, B) - Subshrubs with supporting branches; leaves glabrous with apex acuminate and base slightly amplexicaulous; flowers in longpedunculate dichasia; corolla tubular conspicuously bilabiate; seeds 8, indumented on margins.................... Ruellia amplexicaulis, Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da, 2022, Ruellia scarlatina, a new name for the sixty-year-old but misunderstood Ruellia capitata Rizzini (Acanthaceae), pp. 55-65 in Phytotaxa 547 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6555939