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In this paper, we investigate the fractal nature of the local fractional Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs Equation (LFLGHE) describing nonlinear waves with weak scattering in a fractal medium. The main goal of the paper is to introduce and apply the Local Fractional Elzaki Variational Iteration Method (LFEVIM) for solution of LFLGHE. Convergence analysis of LFEVIM solution for general nonlinear local fractional partial differential equation is also provided. Two examples of the local fractional LFLGHE are considered to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique with numerical simulations on Cantor set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address a classical open question by H. Brezis and R. Ignat concerning the characterization of constant functions through double integrals that involve difference quotients. Our first result is a counterexample to the question in its full generality. This counterexample requires the construction of a function whose difference quotients avoid a sequence of intervals with endpoints that diverge to infinity. Our second result is a positive answer to the question when restricted either to functions that are bounded and approximately differentiable almost everywhere, or to functions with bounded variation. We also present some related open problems that are motivated by our positive and negative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a new fractal modified equal width-Burgers equation (MEWBE) with the local fractional derivative (LFD) for the first time. By defining the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF) on the Cantor set (CS), two special functions, namely, the T H υ (μ υ) and C H υ (μ υ) functions, are derived for constructing the auxiliary function to seek the non-differentiable (ND) exact solutions. And 16 groups of the ND exact solutions are successfully established. The solutions on the CS are depicted graphically to interpret the nonlinear dynamic behaviors. Furthermore, the comparative results of the fractal MEWBE and the classical MEWBE are also discussed. The obtained results confirm that the proposed method is effective and powerful, and can provide a promising way to find the ND exact solutions of the local fractional PDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper derives a new fractional Fokas system with the aid of the local fractional derivative. A novel technology named the extended rational fractal sine–cosine method is presented for the first time ever to develop the abundant traveling wave solutions. Two families (six sets) of the traveling wave solutions on Cantor set are successfully constructed. The dynamic behaviors of the solutions on Cantor sets are provided via numerical simulations. The obtained results in this work strongly prove that the proposed approach is simple but effective, which is expected to shed a new light on the study of the traveling wave theory of the local fractional equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we derive a new fractional (3 + 1) -dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation via the local fractional derivative. With the help of the traveling wave transform of the non-differentiable type, the local fractional (3 + 1) -dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation is converted into a nonlinear local fractional ordinary differential equation. Then, a new method named as Mittag-Leffler function-based method is used to construct the exact traveling wave solutions for the first time. Four families (eight sets) of the traveling wave solutions are obtained and the behaviors of the solutions on Cantor sets are presented via the 3D plot. The results show that the proposed method is a powerful tool to study the traveling wave theory of the local fractional equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present examples of one-parametric iterated function systems converging to the standard middle-third Cantor set. The main goal is the study of the continuous growth of the attractor of the corresponding parametrization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Properties of one-dimensional discrete-time quantum walks (DTQWs) are sensitive to the presence of inhomogeneities in the substrate, which can be generated by defining position-dependent coin operators. Deterministic aperiodic sequences of two or more symbols provide ideal environments where these properties can be explored in a controlled way. Based on an exhaustive numerical study, this work discusses a two-coin model resulting from the construction rules that lead to the usual fractal Cantor set. Although the fraction of the less frequent coin → 0 as the size of the chain is increased, it leaves peculiar properties in the walker dynamics. They are characterized by the wave function, from which results for the probability distribution and its variance, as well as the entanglement entropy, were obtained. A number of results for different choices of the two coins are presented. The entanglement entropy has shown to be very sensitive to uncovering subtle quantum effects present in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-similarity and Lipschitz equivalence are two basic and important properties of fractal sets. In this paper, we consider those properties of the union of Cantor set and its translate. We give a necessary and sufficient condition that the union is a self-similar set. Moreover, we show that the union satisfies the strong separation condition if it is of the self-similarity. By using the augment tree, we characterize the Lipschitz equivalence between Cantor set and the union of Cantor set and its translate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the construction of new Cantor like sets in the hyperbolic plane. Also, we study the arithmetic sum of two of these Cantor like sets, as well as of those previously introduced in the literature. An hyperbolization, in the sense of Gromov, of the commutative ring of hyperbolic numbers is also given. Finally, we present the construction of a Cantor-type set as hyperbolic boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the purpose of researching the changing regularities of the Cantor set's multi-fractal spectrums and generalized fractal dimensions under different probability factors, from statistical physics, the Cantor set is given a mass distribution, when the mass is given with different probability ratios, the different multi-fractal spectrums and the generalized fractal dimensions will be acquired by computer calculation. The following conclusions can be acquired. On one hand, the maximal width of the multi-fractal spectrum and the maximal vertical height of the generalized fractal dimension will become more and more narrow with getting two probability factors closer and closer. On the other hand, when two probability factors are equal to 1/2, both the multi-fractal spectrum and the generalized fractal dimension focus on the value 0.6309, which is not the value of the physical multi-fractal spectrum and the generalized fractal dimension but the mathematical Hausdorff dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the ternary Cantor set is generalized into the context of hyperbolic numbers. The partial order structure of hyperbolic numbers is revealed and the notion of hyperbolic interval is defined. This allows us to define a general framework of the fractal geometry on the hyperbolic plane. Three types of the hyperbolic analogues of the real Cantor set are identified. The complementary nature of the real Cantor dust and the real Sierpinski carpet on the hyperbolic plane are outlined. The relevance of these findings in the context of modern physics are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different topics are shown to be related. Some group presentations generalizing certain symmetric presentations found by Coxeter, and the ideal compactification of the sets obtained by lifting knots in 3-manifolds to their universal covering spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We establish a formula yielding the Hausdorff measure for a class of non-self-similar Cantor sets in terms of the canonical covers of the Cantor set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider some properties of the intersection of deleted digits Cantor sets with their translates. We investigate conditions on the set of digits such that, for any t between zero and the dimension of the deleted digits Cantor set itself, the set of translations such that the intersection has that Hausdorff dimension equal to t is dense in the set F of translations such that the intersection is non-empty. We make some simple observations regarding properties of the set F, in particular, we characterize when F is an interval, in terms of conditions on the digit set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The framework of a new scale invariant analysis on a Cantor set C ⊂ I = [0,1], presented recently1 is clarified and extended further. For an arbitrarily small ε > 0, elements $\tilde{x}$ in I\C satisfying $0 < \tilde{x} < \varepsilon < x$, x ∈ C together with an inversion rule are called relative infinitesimals relative to the scale ε. A non-archimedean absolute value $v(\tilde{x}) = \log_{\varepsilon ^{-1}}\frac{\varepsilon}{\tilde{x}}$, ε → 0 is assigned to each such infinitesimal which is then shown to induce a non-archimedean structure in the full Cantor set C. A valued measure constructed using the new absolute value is shown to give rise to the finite Hausdorff measure of the set. The definition of differentiability on C in the non-archimedean sense is introduced. The associated Cantor function is shown to relate to the valuation on C which is then reinterpreated as a locally constant function in the extended non-archimedean space. The definitions and the constructions are verified explicitly on a Cantor set which is defined recursively from I deleting q number of open intervals each of length $\frac{1}{r}$ leaving out p numbers of closed intervals so that p + q = r. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cauchy equation for automorphisms of the unit interval is fulfilled only by the identity mapping. We consider two weakened forms of this Cauchy equation: the reciprocity equation and the n-divisibility equation. Although the solution sets of both functional equations are quite large, requiring that an automorphism is both reciprocal and n-divisible, drastically increases the set of obligatory fixed points. However, increasing n also enlarges the domain on which the automorphism can be chosen freely. We also describe the solution sets of two functional equations that arise by composing the reciprocity and n-divisibility property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formulation of a new analysis on a zero measure Cantor set C(⊂I = [0,1]) is presented. A non-Archimedean absolute value is introduced in C exploiting the concept of relative infinitesimals and a scale invariant ultrametric valuation of the form logε-1 (ε/x) for a given scale ε > 0 and infinitesimals 0 < x < ε, x ∈ I\C. Using this new absolute value, a valued (metric) measure is defined on C and is shown to be equal to the finite Hausdorff measure of the set, if it exists. The formulation of a scale invariant real analysis is also outlined, when the singleton {0} of the real line R is replaced by a zero measure Cantor set. The Cantor function is realized as a locally constant function in this setting. The ordinary derivative dx/dt in R is replaced by the scale invariant logarithmic derivative d log x/d log t on the set of valued infinitesimals. As a result, the ordinary real valued functions are expected to enjoy some novel asymptotic properties, which might have important applications in number theory and in other areas of mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invariant Cantor sets of the logistic map gμ(x) = μx(1 - x) for μ > 4 are hyperbolic and form a continuous family. We show that this family can be obtained explicitly through solutions of initial value problems for a system of infinitely coupled differential equations due to the hyperbolicity. The same result also applies to the tent map Ta(x) = a(1/2 - |1/2 - x|) for a > 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterize the path length set of asymmetric binary fractal trees in terms of the scaling ratios, r and ℓ. We show that if r + ℓ < 1, then the path length set is a Cantor set, and if r + ℓ ≥ 1, then the path length set is an interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the Ramsey theory of continuous graph-structures on complete, separable metric spaces and apply the results to the problem of covering a plane by functions. Let the homogeneity number$\mathfrak{hm}(c)$ of a pair-coloring c:[X]2→2 be the number of c-homogeneous subsets of X needed to cover X. We isolate two continuous pair-colorings on the Cantor space 2ω, cmin and cmax, which satisfy $\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm min})\le \mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm max})$ and prove: Theorem. (1) For every Polish space X and every continuous pair-coloringc:[X]2→2with$\mathfrak{hm}(c) > \aleph_0$, \[ \mathfrak{hm}(c)=\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm min})\quad {\rm or}\quad \mathfrak{hm}(c) =\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm max}). \] (2) There is a model of set theory in which$\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm min})=\aleph_1$and$\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm max})=\aleph_2$. The consistency of $\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm min})=2^{\aleph_0}$ and of $\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm max}) < 2^{\aleph_0}$ follows from [20]. We prove that $\mathfrak{hm}(c_{\rm min})$ is equal to the covering number of (2ω)2 by graphs of Lipschitz functions and their reflections on the diagonal. An iteration of an optimal forcing notion associated to cmin gives: Theorem.There is a model of set theory in which (1) ℝ2 is coverable byℵ1 graphs and reflections of graphs of continuous real functions; (2) ℝ2 is not coverable byℵ1graphs and reflections of graphs of Lipschitz real functions. Figure 1.1 in the introduction summarizes the ZFC results in Part I of the paper. The independence results in Part II show that any two rows in Fig. 1.1 can be separated if one excludes ${\rm Cov}({\mathcal Lip}({\mathbb R}))$ from row (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the class of two-dimensional maps of the form F(x,y) = (g(y),f(x)), (x,y) ∈ [0,1] × [0,1] = I[sup 2], where f and g are continuous interval maps. The paper deals with the structure of minimal sets for this class of maps. We give a complete description of finite minimal sets and prove some partial results concerning the infinite case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]