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Phase-average technique based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis and continuous wavelet transform are used to reveal the phase-averaged features of square cylinder wake measured by high-speed PIV. The one-dimensional orthogonal wavelet analysis is first applied to decompose the measured velocity fields into large-, intermediate- and small-scale structures. Then the phase information referenced with large- and intermediate-scale flow structures are clearly identified based on Morlet wavelet transform. Finally, the data ensembles are phase-sorted to give phase-averaged representations of measured flow field. The instantaneous multi-scale structures suggest that large-scale vortices are weakened and begin to transfer into intermediate-vortices at the downstream of separation region. The intermediate-scale vortex observed at the upper boundary of shear layer is considered to be associated with the secondary vortex movement. The phase-averaged intermediate-scale structures tend to convey downstream along streamwise direction, with the rotation sense varying from the first half period to the last half period. The peaks of phase-averaged large-scale Reynolds stress tend to move back and forth in the near-wake region. These findings suggest that the proposed phase-average technique is effective in revealing multi-scale fluid dynamics of wake flow structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the multi-scale turbulent structures of triangle cylinder wake flow measured by high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV). The measured turbulent structures were spatially extracted into large-, intermediate-, relatively small-, and small-scale components using two-dimensional orthogonal wavelet analysis. Then the features of multi-scale turbulent structures were analyzed in terms of two-point auto correlation, power spectra, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress. It is found that the large-scale structure attributed to coherent motions in the wake flow makes largest contribution to the total fluctuating energy and maximum Reynolds shear stress, accounting for 84% and 92% respectively. The intermediate scale structures, which are unidentifiable by PIV measurement, are found to shed into the separated shear layer due to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, and the central frequency of intermediate scale vortex is approximately twice of Kármán vortex shedding frequency. Besides, two symmetric regions of intensive velocity fluctuations having relatively small-scale are observed near the cylinder surface and the boundary of separation region, and they are not dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional (3D) turbulent structure was simulated by large eddy simulation (LES), and then the numerical result was validated by PIV experiment. In order to give a detailed description of dune wake flow, the instantaneous velocity, vorticity, and pressure were decomposed into the large-, intermediate- and relatively small-scale components by 3D wavelet multi-resolution technique. To get a further understanding of coherent structure, the decomposed wavelet components were employed to calculate Q-criterion. It was found that the rollers and horse-shoe structures in the separation bubble were mainly contributed from large-scale structures and it made the most significance to the vorticity concentration. The observations of intermediate-scale horse-shoe structures indicated that the coherent structure was the combined effect of large- and intermediate-scale structures. Besides, from the visualization of 3D streamlines and pressure iso-surfaces, the separation bubble and pressure distribution are found to be dominated by large-scale structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional orthogonal wavelet multi-resolution technique was applied to analyze flow structures of various scales around an externally mounted vehicle mirror. Firstly, the three-dimensional flow of mirror wake was numerically analyzed at a Reynolds number of 105 by using the large-eddy simulation (LES). Then the instantaneous velocity and vorticity were decomposed into the large-, intermediate- and relatively small-scale components by the wavelet multi-resolution technique. It was found that a three-dimensional large-scale vertical vortex dominates the mirror wake flow and makes a main contribution to vorticity concentration. Some intermediate- and relatively small-scale vortices were extracted from the LES and were clearly identifiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wavelet multiresolution analysis has been applied to digital images of ethanol sprays injected into air at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. The imaging was performed with laser-sheet imaging using the 308 nm light from a XeCl excimer laser. Image capturing was performed with a CCD camera. The importance of different scales in the turbulent structure of the sprays was easily recognized using wavelet multiresolution analysis. It was observed that the intermediate and small scale levels contained information of such important phenomena as the spray break-up. This was not easily recognized in the original images, due to averaging over all scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow feature of the jet issuing from the circular pipe with the rotating inclined section has been investigated by the methods of flow visualization and image processing. It has been found that the jet diffusion is affected by the inclined angle and the rotating speed. The coherent structure of the jet has also been studied by using wavelet multiresolution analysis. The multiscale turbulent structures were visualized and the core and edge of the vortex were identified at different broad scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an application of the wavelet transform in in-line solder paste inspection. In the development of a three-dimensional (3D) automatic inspection device of solder paste, it is necessary to detect the characteristic positions in images. In this paper, on the basis of the property of local wavelet transform modulus maximum (WTMM) and the deference filter, a practical algorithm is proposed for the detection of the characteristic positions. The proposed algorithm is applied to more than 20 actual images obtained from the 3D automatic inspection device. The detected errors are smaller than the maximum permissible error of 5 pixels. Also, the proposed algorithm is verified in-line. The experimental results show that the quality of solder paste can be successfully judged in-line. The proposed algorithm is superior to other possible techniques reported so far because of its implementation in assembly lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A preface for the 2006 issue of the "International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing" is presented.