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1. The Uganda Poverty Assessment Report 2016 : Farms, Cities and Good Fortune - Assessing Poverty Reduction in Uganda from 2006 to 2013

Author

World Bank

Subjects
MEASURES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, INFORMAL INSURANCE MECHANISMS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXTREME POVERTY, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, SCHOOL FEEDING, FOOD EXPENDITURE, FOOD POLICY, SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, LAND MANAGEMENT, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, POOR, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, RURAL TRANSFORMATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, SAFETY NETS, UNEMPLOYMENT, INCOME, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, BETTER ACCESS TO MARKETS, FARM INCOME, FOOD BASKET, LAND SIZE, FARM INCOMES, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, POVERTY RATES, AGRICULTURAL WAGES, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, MALNUTRITION, FOOD PRICES, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, PUBLIC SAFETY NETS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FARM ACTIVITIES, POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, LIVESTOCK INCOME, FARM WORK, POOR” HOUSEHOLDS, PUBLIC SPENDING, EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE, WAR, FOOD ITEMS, FARMERS, POVERTY REDUCING, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, IMPACT OF SHOCKS, REMOTE RURAL AREAS, ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, VILLAGE ECONOMIES, LAND OWNERSHIP, SANITATION, RURAL INCOME, TRANSFERS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, RURAL MIGRANTS, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, POVERTY SEVERITY, INFORMAL TRANSFERS, INCOME EARNING POTENTIAL, DRINKING WATER, HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, FOOD POVERTY LINE, RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS, POVERTY REDUCTION, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, RURAL VILLAGES, POVERTY INDEX, FOOD PRODUCTION, RISKS, LAND REFORM, SOCIAL SECURITY, FEMALE FARMERS, CROP PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, INEQUALITY, FOOD GOODS, POVERTY GAP, RURAL POPULATION, TARGETING, POVERTY POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, IMPACT ON POVERTY, FOOD EXPENDITURES, ACCESS TO MARKETS, IRRIGATION, POLITICAL ECONOMY, FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SMALLHOLDER FARMERS, FEEDING PROGRAMS, FOOD NEEDS, POVERTY MEASURES, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, DROUGHT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL POVERTY, POVERTY STATUS, INCOME POVERTY, FOOD CONSUMPTION, DEATH, CHILD NUTRITION, POVERTY ANALYSIS, FORMAL SAFETY NETS, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POOR AREAS, ACCESS TO SERVICES, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, NATIONAL POVERTY LINES, HUMAN CAPITAL, POOR PEOPLE, INSURANCE, POOR COMMUNITIES, RURAL URBAN NATIONAL, NUTRITION, RURAL AREA, AGRICULTURAL INCOMES, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENT, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, CROP INCOME, POVERTY INCIDENCE, FOOD CROPS, RURAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE, COUNTERFACTUAL, POVERTY LINES, FOOD MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, POVERTY LEVELS, CONFLICT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, FOOD SHARE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE, RURAL, INCOME GROWTH, FARM INCOME GROWTH, POVERTY LINE, RURAL MIGRATION, SAVINGS, POVERTY INDICATORS, POOR FARMERS, INDICATORS OF POVERTY, CASH TRANSFERS, INFORMAL INSURANCE, CHILD MORTALITY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, INCOME SUPPORT, INCOME VOLATILITY, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, LACK OF INFORMATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Abstract

Uganda’s progress in reducing poverty from 1993 to 2006 is a remarkable story of success that has been well told. The narrative of Uganda’s continued, albeit it slightly slower, progress in reducing poverty since 2006 is less familiar. This was a period in which growth slowed as the gains from reforms years earlier had been fully realized, and weak infrastructure and increasing corruption increasingly constrained private sector competitiveness (World Bank 2015). This report examines Uganda’s progress in reducing poverty, with a specific focus on the period 2006 to 2013. The report shows that high growth from 2006 to 2010 benefited poverty reduction. Before turning in further detail to the key findings of the report, it is important to note that the analysis undertaken in this report is only possible because the Government of Uganda has invested in a high quality series of household surveys to document progress in wellbeing since 1993. The Uganda Bureau of Statistics has conducted high-quality household surveys that every three to four years that have provided a comparable series of data on poverty and other household characteristics for the last twenty years. Uganda is one of the few countries in the region to have achieved this level of comparable, frequent poverty monitoring over time. Without this, it would not be possible to document the lessons Uganda provides.

Published
2016

2. Synergies in Child Nutrition: Interactions of Food Security, Health and Environment, and Child Care

Author

Emmanuel Skoufias

Subjects
Health services, Malnutrition, Child care, Geography, Food security, Conceptual framework, Environmental health, Spite, Nutrition outcomes, medicine, Empirical evidence, medicine.disease
Abstract

This paper examines the extent to which the three key underlying determinants of nutrition -- food security; adequate caregiving resources at the maternal, household, and community levels; and access to health services and a safe and hygienic environment -- on their own and interactively are correlated with nutrition outcomes, such as height-for-age z-scores. Based on data from different years in eight countries in four regions where malnutrition is high, an indicator is constructed for each component of the three underlying drivers of nutrition. In spite of the limitations inherent in the available data, the analysis (i) reveals that progress toward improved access to adequate food security and adequate environment and health has been quite limited; and (ii) provides evidence of significant synergies among adequate food, child care, and environment and health.

Published
2016

3. Inequality of Opportunity in Early Childhood Development in Morocco over Time

Author

El-Kogali, Safaa, Krafft, Caroline, Abdelkhalek, Touhami, Benkassmi, Mohamed, Chavez, Monica, Bassett, Lucy, and Ejjanoui, Fouzia

Subjects
INFANT MORTALITY RATES, CHILDCARE, VITAMINS, CHILDHOOD, CHILDREN, PLAY, CALORIES, HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN, CHILD HEALTH, FAMILIES, PHYSICAL GROWTH, HYGIENE PRACTICES, CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, MEASUREMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTIVITY, CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, BREASTFEEDING, PRESCHOOL EDUCATION, FOOD INSECURITY, OLD CHILDREN, WORKERS, EDUCATION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, MALNUTRITION, GROWTH MONITORING, EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE, CRIME, STIS, MOTOR SKILLS, DIPHTHERIA, DISEASES, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, CHILD SURVIVAL, HIV/AIDS, PREPRIMARY EDUCATION, HEALTH, INTERVENTION, AGED, VIOLENCE, ORGANIZATIONS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, BEHAVIORAL CHANGES, IODINE, PICTURE BOOKS, MEASLES, NEONATAL MORTALITY, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CAPACITY, SAFE DELIVERY, MUTUAL AID, DEVELOPMENT, PLAYGROUPS, SURVEILLANCE, WHOOPING COUGH, PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE, PARENTING, COMMUNITY HEALTH, PRESCHOOLS, MORTALITY, DELIVERY CARE, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, RESEARCH PROGRAM, EARLY CHILDHOOD, RISKS, CHILDHOOD DISEASES, POLIO VACCINE, YOUNG CHILDREN, CHILD STUNTING, MATERNAL MORTALITY, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, UNDERNUTRITION, ECCE, FAMILY HEALTH, DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, SURVEYS, EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT, BIRTHS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, STRESS, INFANT MORTALITY, HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, ANTENATAL CARE, EARLY EDUCATION, POLIO, INSTITUTIONALIZATION, CHILD DISCIPLINE, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IODINE DEFICIENCY, HOME VISITS, INFANT CARE, IMMUNIZATION, FAMILY PLANNING, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, PREGNANCY, HEALTH CARE, REGISTRATION, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, MORTALITY RATES, PRENATAL CARE, CHILD GROWTH, NUTRITION, CAREGIVERS, HYGIENE, BIRTH, PARENTING EDUCATION, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, LEARNING, STUNTING, ECD POLICIES, PSYCHOLOGY, PEOPLE, KNOWLEDGE, ECD, STRATEGY, MENTAL DEVELOPMENT, FINE MOTOR SKILLS, ECD PROGRAMS, DIARRHEA, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS, BIRTH WEIGHT, HEALTH SERVICES, CHILD MORTALITY, WASTING, GENDER, WEIGHT, TETANUS
Abstract

Early childhood development is a critical, but often neglected, phase of human development. Shortfalls in early childhood development have historically been a challenge in Morocco, with children facing unequal opportunities to develop because of the circumstances of their birth. This paper examines the roots of inequality in human and economic development in Morocco by focusing on the state of early childhood development, inequality in early childhood development, and trends over time, using several surveys conducted between 2003 and 2012. Large disparities exist in children's chances of healthy early childhood development based on the circumstances of their birth. There have not been consistent improvements in the levels of early childhood development or decreases in inequality over time. This study discusses critical directions for future policy on early childhood development to address the deficits and disparities identified.

Published
2016

4. Ethiopia : Priorities for Ending Extreme Poverty and Promoting Shared Prosperity

Author

World Bank Group

Subjects
MEASURES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, DISTRIBUTION OF ACCESS, WASTE, CHILDREN, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXTREME POVERTY, CALORIES, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS, FOOD PRICE, FAMILIES, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, FOOD POLICY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, IMPLEMENTATION, SOCIAL STUDIES, LAND MANAGEMENT, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY, POOR, SAFETY NETS, MIGRANTS, UNEMPLOYMENT, INCOME, RURAL SERVICES, RURAL POVERTY RATES, FARM INCOME, WATER POLLUTION, COLD STORAGE, HOLISTIC APPROACH, WORKERS, CROWDING OUT, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, FARM GROWTH, POVERTY RATES, FOOD PRICES, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, FOLIC ACID, PUBLIC SAFETY NETS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, SWEATSHOPS, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, SOCIAL SERVICES, DIETS, HEALTH, WAR, INTERVENTION, AGED, VIOLENCE, FARMERS, RISK MANAGEMENT, HUMAN HEALTH, DISTRIBUTION OF LAND, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POVERTY IMPACT, REMOTE DISTRICTS, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, SANITATION, POLLUTION, RURAL INCOME, TRANSFERS, SURVEILLANCE, LAND SCARCITY, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POOR, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, DECISION MAKING, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, LACK OF CREDIT, OZONE, SOCIAL RESEARCH, MORTALITY, RURAL WORKERS, DRINKING WATER, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, SUBSISTENCE FARMERS, POVERTY REDUCTION, RISKS, CLINICS, CLEAN WATER, POOR MARKET ACCESS, FEMALE FARMERS, CROP PRODUCTION, LIVING CONDITIONS, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, WORKPLACE, EMPLOYMENT INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, INEQUALITY, MARKETING, PREGNANT WOMEN, NON‐FARM INCOME, STRESS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POPULATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, TARGETING, POVERTY POVERTY, LIFESTYLE, IMPACT ON POVERTY, ANTENATAL CARE, REMOTE AREAS, POVERTY MAPS, ACCESS TO MARKETS, POLIO, IRRIGATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, CLEAN DRINKING WATER, LIFE‐EXPECTANCY, SAFETY NET TRANSFERS, DROUGHT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL POVERTY, INFORMAL SAFETY NETS, IRON, FOOD SECURITY, CHILD NUTRITION, IMMUNIZATION, POVERTY ESTIMATES, ACCESS TO SERVICES, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, HEALTH CARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, DISASTERS, POOR PEOPLE, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, INSURANCE, REGISTRATION, RURAL SERVICE, NUTRITION, PUBLIC HEALTH, HYGIENE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, AGRICULTURAL INCOMES, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, MIGRATION, SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, EXERCISES, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, RURAL DWELLERS, QUALITY OF LIFE, PEOPLE, INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE, KNOWLEDGE, PRIVATE INSURANCE MARKETS, STRATEGY, INTERNET, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, REMOTE LOCATIONS, CONFLICT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, RURAL, RURAL POVERTY RATE, INCOME GROWTH, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, FARM INCOME GROWTH, POVERTY LINE, LAWS, SAVINGS, POSTNATAL CARE, RURAL POLICY, INSURANCE MARKETS, PUBLIC WORKS, HEALTH SERVICES, REFUGEES, OBSERVATION, CHILD MORTALITY, ILLITERACY, ESTIMATES OF POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, WEIGHT, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Abstract

This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) identifies the binding constraints to reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity in Ethiopia. Achieving those goals requires a two pronged strategy of building on the strengths of past performance as well as introducing new elements. Progress in rural livelihoods drove poverty reduction in the past and will likely do so in the future. In addition, faster, and more inclusive, private sector-led structural change and ‘getting urbanization right’ are essential going forward. The report identifies two key challenges to sustainable progress: Ethiopia needs sustainably financed infrastructure that enables private investment to flourish and reduces reliance on public borrowing. It must also strengthen feedback mechanisms that inform policymakers of what works and what doesn’t so that the aspirations of a rapidly rising and better-educated working-age population can be met. The report is structured in two parts: Part A analyses the past and Part B identifies priorities for the future.

Published
2016

5. Incentivizing Nutrition: How to Apply Incentive Mechanisms to Accelerate Improved Nutrition Outcomes

Author

Leslie Elder, Olivier J. Wouters, Luc Laviolette, and Sudararajan Gopalan

Subjects
Extreme poverty, Economic growth, Poverty, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.disease, Compendium, Malnutrition, Incentive, Health facility, Nutrition outcomes, Economics, medicine, Prosperity, media_common
Abstract

Malnutrition is a driver of poverty. Reducing malnutrition is essential to achieving the World Bank’s goals of eliminating extreme poverty and enhancing shared prosperity. This compendium offers practical information on how to plan, implement, and monitor incentivized operations for improving nutrition results for World Bank client countries. For more detailed background information, see the World Bank report Incentivizing Nutrition: Incentive Mechanisms to Accelerate Improved Nutrition Outcomes.

Published
2016

6. Sri Lanka Poverty and Welfare : Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges

Author

Newhouse, David Locke, Suarez Becerra, Pablo, and Doan, Dung

Subjects
MEASURES, HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME, ECONOMIC GROWTH, TRANSFERS IN KIND, EXTREME POVERTY, RURAL SECTOR, POVERTY MAP, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, SCHOOL FEEDING, FOOD EXPENDITURE, SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, AGRICULTURAL LAND, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, POOR, SAFETY NETS, UNEMPLOYMENT, INCOME, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, FARM INCOME, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, POVERTY RATES, AGRICULTURAL WAGES, FOOD PRICES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, POVERTY, FARM WORK, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, WELFARE INDICATORS, POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATES, FISCAL CONSTRAINTS, FOOD ITEMS, FARMERS, OLD AGE, POOR HOUSEHOLD, RURAL COUNTERPARTS, HIGHER INEQUALITY, LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, SANITATION, TRANSFERS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POOR, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY SEVERITY, INCOME INEQUALITY, HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, POVERTY REDUCTION, CALORIE INTAKE, CLEAN WATER, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, INEQUALITY, POVERTY GAP, TARGETING, POVERTY POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, IMPACT ON POVERTY, FOOD EXPENDITURES, REMOTE AREAS, POVERTY SITUATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, NATIONAL POVERTY, FEMALE PARTICIPATION, FOOD CONSUMPTION, POOR FAMILIES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD – AGE, FARMLAND, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POOR CHILDREN, POVERTY ESTIMATES, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, ACCESS TO SERVICES, HUMAN CAPITAL, POOR PEOPLE, INSURANCE, NUTRITION, ECONOMIC POLICIES, POVERTY GAP INDEX, POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, POVERTY INCIDENCE, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, GLOBAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE, COUNTERFACTUAL, POVERTY LINES, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, CONFLICT, POOR ADULTS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, INEQUALITY REDUCTION, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, RURAL, RURAL POVERTY RATE, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, POVERTY LINE, SAVINGS, POVERTY INDICATORS, PUBLIC WORKS, RURAL SECTORS, POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE, ESTIMATES OF POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, POOR ECONOMIC GROWTH
Abstract

Analysis of Sri Lanka’s recent progress in reducing poverty and inequality is directly relevant to the new government’s development agenda. The newly sworn-in president ran for election on a platform that featured, among other goals, inclusive growth and support to the agricultural sector. The pursuit of these and other goals of the new administration can be informed by a fuller understanding of recent developments in household living standards across the country. Yet the World Bank’s most recent poverty assessment in Sri Lanka, covering the period from 1990 to 2002, was published a decade ago. Since then, domestic economic growth, the end of the civil conflict and fluctuations in global markets has led to substantial changes in Sri Lanka’s economic environment. To inform the new government’s development policies, this report examines five topics related to recent developments in poverty and welfare. Sections two through five of the report focus on: (i) trends in poverty, welfare, and inequality since 2002, (ii) labor market outcomes associated with the observed reduction in poverty, (iii) four potential causes of this poverty reduction, (iv) the state of poverty and inequality in 2012/13, and (v) the role of social protection in reducing poverty. Section six concludes by pointing out future implications and remaining knowledge gaps to continue to reduce poverty and improve living standards. This analysis draws mainly on data from the 2002, 2006-07, 2009-10, and 2012-13 rounds of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey, supplemented by annual rounds of the labor force survey from 2002 to 2012. Since the surveys could not be conducted in parts of the Northern and Eastern provinces before 2011 due to the civil conflict, their geographical coverage varies from year to year. To ensure comparability, all historical trends presented in this report correspond to the same geographic area. With the exception of figures that are based solely on 2012-13 data, the figures exclude Northern and Eastern provinces, which account for about 12.9 percent of the total population. A more detailed description of the data is provided in appendix one.

Published
2016

7. The Experience of Cash Transfers in Myanmar : Lessons from a Social Protection and Poverty Reduction Perspective

Author

Infante-Villarroel, Mariana

Subjects
MEASURES, POOR’ BENEFICIARIES, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME, TARGETING MECHANISMS, RURAL POPULATION, TARGETING, CHILDREN, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, ANTENATAL CARE, LIVELIHOOD SECURITY, REMOTE AREAS, FAMILIES, SINGLE PARENTS, FOOD RATIONS, IMPLEMENTATION, DAILY INCOME, POOR, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, NUTRITION EDUCATION, VULNERABLE PEOPLE, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD SECURITY, POOR FAMILIES, GAMBLING, MALNUTRITION, IMMUNIZATION, POOR CHILDREN, POVERTY, SIBLINGS, CASH INCOME, PREGNANCY, FOOD TRANSFERS, HUMAN CAPITAL, OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, DISASTERS, INSURANCE, REGISTRATION, NUTRITION, HEALTH, REMOTE COMMUNITIES, RISK MANAGEMENT, VIOLENCE, CORRELATES OF POVERTY, BASIC NEEDS, CAPACITY-BUILDING, ACCESS TO FOOD, VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT, MIGRATION, SOCIAL PROTECTION, REGION, FOOD, TRANSFERS, RURAL AREAS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, WEALTH GROUPS, KNOWLEDGE, FOOD MARKETS, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, RICE, STRATEGY, WFP, CONFLICT, SAFETY NET, HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, ACUTE MALNUTRITION, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, RURAL, CONSUMPTION, BIRTH ATTENDANTS, POVERTY REDUCTION, RISKS, POSTNATAL CARE, PUBLIC WORKS, HEALTH SERVICES, CASH TRANSFERS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SOCIAL SECURITY, VILLAGE LEADERS, VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS, SCHOOLING, VULNERABLE GROUPS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, INEQUALITY, PREGNANT WOMEN
Abstract

Cash is an appropriate instrument to provide assistance to poor and vulnerable households in most contexts in Myanmar. Cash transfers (CTs) have the potential to help poor and vulnerable householdsmeet basic needs and encourage investments in human capital accumulation. Building on existing programs such as the stipends program and testing CTs with relatively simple design and implementation arrangements can be a viable option in the short term.

Published
2015

8. Stagnant Stunting Rate Despite Rapid Economic Growth in Papua New Guinea : Factors Correlated with Malnutrition among Children under Five

Author

Hou, Xiaohui

Subjects
VITAMINS, HEALTH STATUS, PROTEIN, INFANTS, INFANT FEEDING, CHILDREN, ECONOMIC GROWTH, CALORIES, CHILD HEALTH, MINERALS, FAMILIES, SEVERE MALNUTRITION, FOOD POLICY, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, IMPLEMENTATION, POPULATION, ANEMIA PREVALENCE, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, PRODUCTIVITY, BREASTFEEDING, STAPLE FOODS, FOOD INSECURITY, WORKERS, EDUCATION, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, MALNUTRITION, GROWTH MONITORING, POVERTY, FOOD QUALITY, DISEASES, RISK FACTORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, GROWTH, HEALTH, INTERVENTION, IODIZATION, SPATIAL VARIATIONS, ORGANIZATIONS, NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMS, NUTRITION STATUS, SOCIAL WORKERS, SALT IODIZATION, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, IODINE, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CAPACITY, DEVELOPMENT, MALARIA, VITAMIN, FOOD, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, VEGETABLES, MORTALITY, NUTRITION SURVEYS, FOOD INTAKE, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, CHILD MALNUTRITION, CONSUMPTION, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIETARY IMPROVEMENT, REGIONAL LEVEL, CHILD STUNTING, VITAMIN A, WASTED CHILDREN, UNDERNUTRITION, MICRONUTRIENTS, NUTRITIONISTS, HUNGER, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, SURVEYS, EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, NUTRIENT, NUTRIENTS, INFECTION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIABETES, SOCIAL ECONOMIC STATUS, NUTRITION EDUCATION, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, FOOD ACCESS, HEALTH POLICY, IRON, NUTRITION POLICY, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, FOOD SECURITY, IODINE DEFICIENCY, CHILD NUTRITION, POLICY, REGIONS, HEALTH WORKERS, PREGNANCY, HEALTH CARE, OBESITY, NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES, FOOD RESEARCH, CHILD GROWTH, NUTRITION, PUBLIC HEALTH, MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN, RURAL COMMUNITIES, BIRTH, UNDERWEIGHT RATES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, FEEDING, STUNTING, POLICY RESEARCH, REGION, DIET, MORBIDITY, HUMAN NUTRITION, WEIGHT GAIN, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, KNOWLEDGE, RICE, STRATEGY, ANEMIA, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POORER FAMILIES, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, POVERTY LINE, DIARRHEA, HEALTH SERVICES, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, ANIMAL PROTEIN, CHILD MORTALITY, ILLITERACY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, WASTING, WEIGHT, CALORIC INTAKE, MALNUTRITION RATES, RURAL POPULATIONS
Abstract

Maternal and child undernutrition is a pervasive and detrimental condition in Papua New Guinea. Despite rapid economic growth during the past decade, the stunting rate for children under 5, one of the primary indicators for child undernutrition, was estimated at 46 percent in Papua New Guinea in 2010, stagnant from 44 percent in 2005. This paper analyzes the association between the demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and health-related factors on nutritional status for children under age 5 years, using the 2009–10 Papua New Guinea Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Stunting and underweight rates sharply rise in the first 24 months. Even in the better-off quintiles, children suffer from suboptimal breastfeeding and complementary food in the first 24 months. In general, the regression results showed that household wealth and geographic location are crucial factors that contribute to children’s malnutrition. More importantly, food quality, measured by protein intake, has significant predicting power on child malnutrition. Broadly increasing socioeconomic status and improving the quantity and quality of caloric intake are general steps to improving health outcomes in Papua New Guinea. In addition, three key areas were identified as critical to alleviating the persistent and detrimental stunting rate in the country: (1) exclusive breastfeeding and complementary food; (2) interventions by health workers; and (3) nutrition education.

Published
2015

9. Rwanda Poverty Assessment

Author

World Bank Group

Subjects
MEASURES, LAND – SIZE, NONFARM INCOME, FEMALE -HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FARM EMPLOYMENT, LAND QUALITY, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, FARM SECTOR, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXTREME POVERTY, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH INSURANCE, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS, ROSCAS, POVERTY MAP, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, RURAL PROVINCES, EXTREMELY POOR HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD POLICY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, INCIDENCE ANALYSIS, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, POOR, FEMALE- HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, FOOD AVAILABILITY, INCOME, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, LANDHOLDINGS, FARM INCOME, FOOD BASKET, LAND SIZE, FOOD INSECURITY, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, POVERTY RATES, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, MALNUTRITION, AGRICULTURAL YIELDS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FARM ACTIVITIES, POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, LIVESTOCK INCOME, FARM WORK, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, PUBLIC SPENDING, INADEQUATE FOOD, EXTREME POOR HOUSEHOLDS, WAR, FARMERS, LACK OF EDUCATION, POVERTY REDUCING, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR DISTRICTS, HIGHER INEQUALITY, LAND OWNERSHIP, FARM-GATE, SOCIAL PROTECTIONS, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, SANITATION, AGRICULTURAL CHANGE, POVERTY PROFILE, FARM ACTIVITY, TRANSFERS, RURAL AREAS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, RURAL POOR, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, HOUSEHOLD INCOME DIVERSIFICATION, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL WORKERS, DRINKING WATER, FOOD INTAKE, HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, FOOD POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, POVERTY INDEX, RISKS, CALORIE INTAKE, CLEAN WATER, CHRONIC POVERTY, CROP PRODUCTION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, INEQUALITY, RURAL INCOMES, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, POVERTY GAP, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POPULATION, TARGETING, POVERTY POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, POVERTY TARGET, REMOTE AREAS, POVERTY MAPS, FARM SELF- EMPLOYMENT, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, HIGH INEQUALITY, FAMINE, IRRIGATION, FARM WORKERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT, ASSET HOLDINGS, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY MEASURES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL POVERTY, POVERTY STATUS, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD SECURITY, DEATH, FARMLAND, CHILD NUTRITION, POOR CHILDREN, ACCESS TO SERVICES, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, HUMAN CAPITAL, POOR PEOPLE, INSURANCE, NUTRITION, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL AREA, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, CORRELATES OF POVERTY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, ABSOLUTE POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, FOOD AID, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE, COUNTERFACTUAL, POVERTY LINES, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, POVERTY LEVELS, CONFLICT, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, INEQUALITY REDUCTION, FOOD POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, INCOME RISK, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE, RURAL, INCOME GROWTH, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, POVERTY LINE, SAVINGS, POVERTY INDICATORS, FARM SELF -EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC WORKS, RURAL SECTORS, CHILD MORTALITY, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLD, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, EQUITABLE ACCESS
Abstract

The last poverty assessment for Rwanda was conducted in 1997. Three years after the genocide, the country was characterized by deep and widespread poverty, rock-bottom health indicators, and pervasive hunger and food insecurity. In real terms, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was lower than it had been in 1960. In real terms, the economy quadrupled between 1995 and 2013. Enrolment in primary school is near universal and infant and child mortality are among the lowest in Africa. A large part of the population, including the extreme poor, is covered by public health insurance. This poverty assessment focuses on the evolution of poverty and other social indicators over the past decade (2000-1 and 2010-11). Using data from a variety of sources, mainly the three household living standards surveys (EICV) and the three demographic and health surveys (DHS) conducted during the past decade, the poverty assessment documents trends in monetary and non-monetary dimensions of living standards and examines the drivers of observed trends. The aim of the poverty assessment is to provide policy makers and development partners with information and analysis that can be used to improve the effectiveness of their poverty reduction and social programs.

Published
2015

10. Scaling Up Nutrition for a More Resilient Mali : Nutrition Diagnostics and Costed Plan for Scaling Up

Author

Shekar, Meera, Mattern, Max, Eozenou, Patrick, Dayton Eberwein, Julia, Kweku Akuoku, Jonathan, Di Gropello, Emanuela, and Karamba, Wendy

Subjects
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, NUTRITION SECTOR, VITAMINS, HEALTH STATUS, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, DIAGNOSTICS, MINERALS, FAMILIES, HYGIENE PRACTICES, DETERMINANTS OF MALNUTRITION, FOOD POLICY, WATER SOURCES, PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, VULNERABLE REGIONS, POPULATION GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, SAFETY NETS, BREASTFEEDING, VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, FOOD INSECURITY, STAPLE FOODS, WORKERS, AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, GROWTH MONITORING, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, FOLIC ACID, REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD SUPPLIES, HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN, DISEASES, NUTRITION SERVICES, DIETS, HIV/AIDS, HUMANITARIAN AID, INTERVENTION, AGED, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, FARMERS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, LIVER CIRRHOSIS, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY, NUTRITION STATUS, SALT IODIZATION, IODINE, CHRONIC UNDERNUTRITION, MEASLES, CALCIUM, CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS, LIVE BIRTHS, MALARIA, NUTRITION STATISTICS, SANITATION, VITAMIN, POOR HEALTH, RURAL AREAS, FOOD SAFETY, CHILD FEEDING, COMMUNITY HEALTH, ACUTE MALNUTRITION, MORTALITY, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, CHILD MALNUTRITION, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, BASIC HEALTH SERVICES, COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, POVERTY REDUCTION, MATERNAL HEALTH, HOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, CHILD STUNTING, MATERNAL MORTALITY, VITAMIN A, UNDERNUTRITION, MICRONUTRIENTS, GROWTH PROMOTION, HUNGER, NUTRITION PROGRAMS, SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING, PREGNANT WOMEN, REGIONAL VARIATION, FAMILY MEMBERS, MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION, POVERTY GAP, CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES, INFANT MORTALITY, GEOGRAPHIC REGION, NUTRIENT, ESSENTIAL NUTRITION ACTIONS, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, FLOUR, FAMINE, IRRIGATION, INFECTION, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, POOR NUTRITION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVER CANCER, FEEDING PROGRAMS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IRON DEFICIENCY, NUTRITION EDUCATION, IRON, NUTRITION POLICY, FOOD SECURITY, FARMER, CHILD NUTRITION, HEALTH INDICATORS, EXTENSION AGENTS, STUNTED CHILDREN, CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES, PREGNANCY, HEALTH CARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, BASIC HEALTH, NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES, MORTALITY RATES, NUTRITION, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES, PUBLIC HEALTH, HYGIENE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, ACCESS TO FOOD, MODERATE MALNUTRITION, COMMUNITY NUTRITION, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, SOCIAL PROTECTION, WORLD FOOD PROGRAM, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, NATURAL DISASTER, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, STUNTING, FOOD CROPS, SWEET POTATO, CHILD CARE, FOOD DISTRIBUTION, MORBIDITY, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM, ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, YOUNG CHILD, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, FOOD STANDARDS, RICE, ANEMIA, FOOD INTAKES, SMALL-SCALE AGRICULTURE, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, GROUNDNUTS, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, INCOME QUINTILE, DIARRHEA, MINERAL, NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH SERVICES, VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, CHILD MORTALITY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, WASTING, POVERTY RATE, SCHOOLING, EQUITABLE ACCESS, MALNUTRITION RATES, FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Abstract

This paper builds on the global experience and Mali s context to identify an effective nutrition approach as well as costs and benefits of key nutrition programs, as part of a resilience agenda after the crisis. It is intended to help guide the selection of the most cost-effective interventions as well as strategies for scaling these up. The paper looks at both relevant nutrition-specific interventions, largely delivered through the health sector, and at multisectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions delivered through other sectors such as agriculture, social protection, and water and sanitation that have the potential to strengthen nutritional outcomes in Mali. We first estimate that the costs and benefits of implementing 10 nutrition-specific interventions in all regions of Mali would require a yearly public investment of $64 million. The expected benefits are large: annually about 480,000 Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and more than 14,000 lives would be saved and over 260,000 cases of stunting among children under five would be averted. However, because it is unlikely that the Government of Mali or its partners will find the $64 million necessary to reach full national coverage, we also consider three potential scale-up scenarios based on considerations of their potential for impact, the burden of stunting, resource requirements, and implementation capacity. Using cost-benefit analyses, we propose scale-up scenarios that represent a compromise between the need to move to full coverage and the constraints imposed by limited resources. We identify and cost six nutrition-sensitive interventions that are relevant to Mali s context and for which there are both evidence of positive impact on nutrition outcomes and some cost information. These findings point to a powerful set of nutrition-specific interventions and a candidate list of nutrition-sensitive approaches that represent a highly cost-effective approach to reducing child malnutrition in Mali.

Published
2015

11. How to Protect and Promote the Nutrition of Mothers and Children : Case Studies in Latin America and the Caribbean

Author

World Bank

Subjects
VITAMINS, GROWTH RETARDATION, PROTEIN, EXTREME POVERTY, NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE, QUALITY ASSURANCE, ADOLESCENTS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE, POLICY MAKERS, CHILD DEATHS, UNEMPLOYMENT, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, COMPLICATIONS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, BREASTFEEDING, OLD CHILDREN, WORKERS, MALNUTRITION, MOTHER, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, ISOLATION, NUTRITION SERVICES, SECURITY SITUATION, SOCIAL SERVICES, VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTS, AGED, INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS, NUTRITIONAL NEEDS, IMMUNIZATIONS, CHRONIC UNDERNUTRITION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, POLICY CHANGE, YOUNG GIRLS, VITAMIN, CROP YIELD, URBAN SLUMS, HEALTH FACILITIES, VEGETABLES, HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, VULNERABILITY, EMERGENCIES, CHOLERA, DISABILITY, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, COMMUNITY NUTRITION WORKERS, FOOD PRODUCTION, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, VICTIMS, YOUNG CHILDREN, HOSPITALS, CHILD STUNTING, VITAMIN A, UNDERNUTRITION, MICRONUTRIENTS, HUNGER, NUTRITION PROGRAMS, PREGNANT WOMEN, LACTATING MOTHERS, COMPLEMENTARY FOODS, HEALTH OFFICIALS, NUTRIENT, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, EARTHQUAKE, FEEDING PROGRAMS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IRON, FOOD PRESERVATION, CHILD NUTRITION, BABY, NATIONAL CAPACITY, CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES, ORPHANS, HEALTH SYSTEMS, NUTRITION, SAFE DRINKING WATER, MALNUTRITION AMONG CHILDREN, CATCHMENT AREA, YOUNG CHILD, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, WORKFORCE, DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS, EGGS, SERVICES FOR CHILDREN, DIARRHEA, INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES, NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS, CHILD MORTALITY, NEWBORN CARE, HOSPITAL, POOR POPULATIONS, PUBLIC INFORMATION, ADEQUATE NUTRITION, INFANTS, INFANT FEEDING, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS, CHILD HEALTH, MINERALS, FAMILIES, COOKING, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH SYSTEM, MILK, INFANT FORMULA, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, MIGRANTS, PRODUCTIVITY, FOOD INSECURITY, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, FOOD PRICES, GROWTH MONITORING, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, FOLIC ACID, ARID LANDS, CHILD SURVIVAL, COMPREHENSIVE CARE, INTERVENTION, KIDS, REMOTE RURAL AREAS, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, IODINE, SANITATION, RURAL AREAS, LABOR MARKET, SAFETY NET, CHILD FEEDING, DECISION MAKING, COMMUNITY HEALTH, PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION, ACUTE MALNUTRITION, MORTALITY, DRY SEASON, IMCI, CHILD MALNUTRITION, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ASSISTANCE TO FAMILIES, CLEAN WATER, GRASS-ROOTS, HEALTH SECTOR, WASTED CHILDREN, GROWTH PROMOTION, INFANT, SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING, VULNERABLE GROUPS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, NEWBORN, MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION, BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES, SOCIAL WORK, MASS UNEMPLOYMENT, UNFPA, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN, FOOD SECURITY, LOCAL FARMERS, POOR FAMILIES, IMMUNIZATION, SUPPORT TO FAMILIES, STUNTED CHILDREN, URBAN CENTERS, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, CHILD GROWTH, POPULATION EXPLOSION, CAREGIVERS, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES, HYGIENE, MODERATE MALNUTRITION, COMMUNITY NUTRITION, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, WOMEN LEADERS, FOOD COMMODITIES, DIET, CHILD CARE, MORBIDITY, CHILDBEARING, RURAL DWELLERS, EPIDEMIC, FOOD SUPPLEMENTS, IODINE SUPPLEMENTS, FOOD PRODUCTS, MINERAL, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, URBAN AREAS, WASTING, CENSUSES, MALNUTRITION RATES, EARLY IDENTIFICATION, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

The nutrition cluster is a very important entity to coordinate actions during emergencies. It is important that the nutrition cluster know in advance which institutions work where and what kind of inputs are pre-positioned. Risk management plans need to be ready at the local level in advance of emergencies. Although emergencies occur every year in Guatemala, the emergency response often fails to incorporate the management of malnutrition among its priority actions. Community programs, like AIN-C (a community- based child care program - atencion integral a la ninez comunitaria), can be an efficient mechanism to protect young children's nutrition and provide an important channel for the government or other assistance agencies to funnel support to communities in need during a period of crisis or emergency. This is because community workers know the families and those who are most vulnerable; they are willing to be called upon to help their community; and they can provide educational support to families to ensure rapid recovery among young children. Community-based growth promotion programs such as AIN-C can be strengthened and scaled up, and they are a good investment, in the aftermath of an emergency or during a time of economic crisis, to swiftly deliver services to affected families. Community agents can carry important information to the community and can distribute food, nutrition and health supplements such as micronutrient powders and oral rehydration salts for young children, as well as hygiene and water purification products. Community kitchens are an efficient approach to reduce hunger among the poor during times of high economic stress. They provide a social safety net and can have a nutrition effect when carefully planned. Community kitchens adjust to the labor market and general economic conditions; hence targeting of the poor and most in need through community kitchens is self-selective. The kitchens can expand and shrink as participants continually assess the trade-off between unpaid work in exchange for free or inexpensive meals and the pursuit of opportunities in the labor market.

Published
2012

12. Situational Analysis : Improving Economic Outcomes by Expanding Nutrition Programming in the Kyrgyz Republic

Author

World Bank and UNICEF

Subjects
DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, NUMBER OF DEATHS, VITAMINS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICAL GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ADOLESCENTS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE, PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, POLICY MAKERS, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, CHILD DEATHS, ANEMIA PREVALENCE, BREAST MILK SUBSTITUTES, COMPLEMENTARY FOOD, BREASTFEEDING, VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, OLD CHILDREN, WORKERS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, MALNUTRITION, MOTHER, RISK FACTORS, HIV/AIDS, ILL HEALTH, AGED, UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN, OLD AGE, SERVICE DELIVERY, PENSIONS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, BREAST MILK, NATIONAL LAWS, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, POOR HEALTH, HEALTH FACILITIES, SCHOOL CURRICULA, EMERGENCIES, HEALTH RISKS, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, DISABILITY, INFORMATION SYSTEM, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, DRINKING WATER, NUTRITION OUTCOMES, COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, CAUSES OF DEATH, YOUNG CHILDREN, HOSPITALS, MATERNAL MORTALITY, VITAMIN A, UNDERNUTRITION, WORK FORCE, NUTRITION PROGRAMS, PREGNANT WOMEN, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, ANTENATAL CARE, RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, INFECTION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, COST EFFECTIVENESS, USE OF RESOURCES, TOBACCO, HEALTH POLICY, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, IRON, DISSEMINATION, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, HEALTH PROBLEMS, BABY, CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES, GOITER, PREGNANCY, HEALTH CARE, NUTRITION, PUBLIC HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, CHILD MORTALITY RATE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM, YOUNG CHILD, DIARRHEAL DISEASE, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, WORKFORCE, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS, BREASTFEEDING PROMOTION, POLICY BRIEF, GENDER EQUALITY, IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS, DIARRHEA, POPULATION SIZE, LAWS, NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS, QUALITY OF CARE, CHILD MORTALITY, LACK OF AWARENESS, POLICY DIALOGUE, PERSONAL COMMUNICATION, LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH, NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES, REFERRAL SYSTEM, INFANTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, FAMILIES, HEALTH SYSTEM, PHYSICIANS, POPULATION GROUPS, CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH REFORM, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, FREQUENT PREGNANCIES, PRODUCTIVITY, FOOD INSECURITY, MATERNAL NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, FOLIC ACID, MEDICINES, HEALTH OUTCOMES, CHILD SURVIVAL, INTERVENTION, BULLETIN, LARGE FAMILIES, VICIOUS CYCLE, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY, LEADING CAUSES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, IODINE, COMMUNITY ACTION, CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS, HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM, LIVE BIRTHS, MALARIA, SANITATION, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, PUBLIC EDUCATION, GLOBAL CONSENSUS, RURAL AREAS, PROGRESS, CHILD FEEDING, ACUTE MALNUTRITION, MORTALITY, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, CHILD MALNUTRITION, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EMERGENCY RELIEF, MATERNAL HEALTH, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, HUMAN RIGHTS, HEALTH SECTOR, DELIVERY COSTS, INFANT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, MARKETING, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, NEWBORN, PREMATURE DEATH, INFANT MORTALITY, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION, EPIDEMIOLOGY, OBSTETRIC CARE, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, REMITTANCES, FOOD SECURITY, IODINE DEFICIENCY, POLICY FORMULATION, IMMUNIZATION, FAMILY PLANNING, HEALTH INDICATORS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, HUMAN CAPITAL, OBESITY, DISASTERS, MORTALITY RATES, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES, HYGIENE, PERINATAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE, SOCIAL MARKETING, SURVIVAL RATE, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, HEALTHY LIFE, RICHER COUNTRIES, TUBERCULOSIS, STUNTING, DIET, CHILD CARE, MORBIDITY, VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY, RISK OF INFECTION, ANEMIA, CYCLE OF POVERTY, UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, LABOR FORCE, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, HEALTH SERVICES, DISCRIMINATION, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, URBAN AREAS, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, WASTING, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
Abstract

The World Bank and The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) jointly developed this report to calculate the potential human and economic benefits to be gained from increasing nutrition investments in the Kyrgyz Republic. This report provides compelling evidence of the potential to improve health and economic outcomes through scaling up effective nutrition interventions and introducing new proven interventions to reduce the direct causes of under nutrition in order to support the Kyrgyz government's commitment to the well-being and prosperous future of the Kyrgyz people. This situational analysis examines and quantifies the scope of under nutrition in the Kyrgyz Republic by presenting: (1) the epidemiology of under nutrition; (2) an estimate of the health consequences of under nutrition in terms of mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs), and the economic losses due to lost workforce and productivity; (3) the health, social protection, and agriculture and food intervention systems relevant to delivering interventions for improving nutrition; (4) the current coverage of nutrition interventions; and (5) the potential economic gains achievable by scaling up effective nutrition interventions. The current context is very favorable for scaling up nutrition interventions in the Kyrgyz Republic. Investing in nutrition has increasingly proven to have excellent development and health returns. The international development community has recognized (1) the need to scale up nutrition interventions; (2) the potential for public-private partnerships; and, (3) a growing consensus around a common framework for action. Reducing under nutrition worldwide is a priority for the World Bank and UNICEF, and also critical to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Published
2011

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