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Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, symptoms frequency and associated risk factors of digital eye strain (DES) among children attending online classes during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The online electronic survey form was prepared on the Google app. Children/parents were asked to indicate the total duration of digital device use before and during COVID era. The symptoms of DES, its severity and frequency were recorded & measured with the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire. Results: Two hundred and sixty one parents responded to the questionnaire, of these 217 were complete. Mean age of children was 13 ± 2.45 years. Mean duration of digital device used during COVID era was 3.9 ± 1.9 h which is more than pre COVID era (1.9 ± 1.1 h, P = 5 h in COVID era as compared to 1.8% (n = 4) before COVID era. The most common digital device used were smartphones (n = 134, 61.7%). One hundred and eight children (49.8%) were attending online classes for >2 h per day. Prevalence of DES in our cohort is 50.23% (109/217). Of these 26.3% were mild, 12.9% moderate and 11.1% of severe grade. Most common symptoms were itching and headache (n = 117, 53.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed age >14 years (P = 0.04), male gender (P = 0.0004), smartphone use (P = 0.003), use of device >5 h (P = 0.0007) and mobile games >1 h/day (P = 0.0001) as independent risk factors for DES in children. Conclusion: There is an increased prevalence of DES among children in COVID era. Parents should be considerate about duration, type and distance of digital device use to avoid DES symptoms in children.

Background: Tobacco use is responsible for 3 million deaths globally every year. Tailored counseling by a specialist increases quit rates additionally by 4%–7% compared to normal. Now, tobacco cessation is a part of oral health assessment. Hence, brief advice from dental health professionals as part of their routine consultations or interactions is an approach that makes use of existing health-care systems. Purpose: A study was carried out among the dental professionals of Bhopal to assess their knowledge, preparedness, and perceived barriers regarding tobacco cessation counseling. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among dental professionals which include academicians (Group 1), clinicians (Group 2), and both clinicians and academicians (Group 3) of Bhopal City over a period of 3 month's from May to July 2019. Two-hundred dental professionals were approached, in which 145 participated in the study. Self-administered structured, semi-open, and coded questionnaire was mailed to them and analysis was done. Results: The findings of the study suggest that almost all the groups agreed that they have a role in helping patients regarding tobacco cessation. Our study has overcome all the perceived barriers as 75.9% of Group 3 professionals got positive feedback from the patients after counseling and 70.9% of academicians feel chances of quitting tobacco have increased after they advised the patient to quit the habit, but 42.9% of Group 3 professionals think that they don't get time to counsel patients. Conclusion: As concluded in our study, Group 3 dental professionals (both academicians and clinicians) have better knowledge and actively participate in cessation of patients as compared to academicians and clinicians. Hence, there is an urgent need to sensitize and train clinicians and academicians at community and institutional levels.

Purpose: To know the pattern of presentations and management outcome of steroid induced glaucoma in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Methods: Children of VKC using steroid with two of the following criteria were enrolled: Intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mm Hg, glaucomatous optic disc and visual field defects. Misused topical steroids were classified in 4 groups; A- Highly potent drugs (dexamethasone, betamethasone), B- Moderate (prednisolone), C- Weak (loteprednol, fluorometholone), D- Unknown drugs. Active/conservative interventions were done to control IOP. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), IOP, anterior segment and fundus examinations were noted. One-way ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey HSD test were used to compare the groups. Results: Out of 1423 VKC patients, 240 were using topical steroid without prescriptions. 92 eyes of 47 patients had steroid induced glaucoma. Hence prevalence of this complication was 3.30% in this study population. Mean age was 14.1 ± 3.8 years. Mean IOP was 38 ± 12 mm of Hg and mean vertical cup disc ratio was 0.67 ± 0.25. IOP was controlled by withdrawal of steroids (9 eyes), with antiglaucoma medications (27), trabeculectomy (57) and glaucoma drainage device (1). Mean CDVA at presentation was better in group C (0.23 log MAR). Mean IOP was highest in group A (43.1 mm Hg) followed by group D (40.5 mm Hg). At presentation 17 were blind (CDVA