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Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The most common presentation of TB is the pulmonary form; however, extrapulmonary manifestations are not uncommon, particularly in the immunocompromised patients. TB of the central nervous system is the most severe extrapulmonary presentation. We report a post-kidney transplant patient who had multiple ring-like lesions on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the results of MRI and biopsy specimen, the patient was diagnosed with multiple intracranial tuberculomas. He was treated successfully with a standard quadruple therapy of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide.

Actinomycosis is an infectious disease caused by a gram-positive anaerobic or microaerophilic Actinomyces species that causes both chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. The following study reports a 48-year-old Iranian woman presenting with a spontaneous discharging sinus on the hard palate for 8 months. The patient has no past medical history of note. Laboratory findings were unremarkable. The diagnosis was based on history and clinical evidence of the lesion confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient was treated with a regimen of oral ampicillin 500 mg four times a day. She had a marked response to the treatment after 4 weeks, and it was planned to continue the treatment for at least 6 months with regular follow-up. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first report of actinomycotic sinus tract of the hard palate in Iran.