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Context: Hysterosalpingography (HSG), is the radiographic evaluation of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes after the administration of a contrast medium through the cervical canal. Aims: To determine the pattern of infertility, the risk factors for infertility in women presenting for HSG, and the findings among women with infertility at Federal Medical Centre Katsina. Study Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study design. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of HSG findings done at the federal medical center Katsina over a 12-month period. Information on the patients was obtained from the Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) system which includes the presenting clinical history, the age, and the outcome of HSG. Statistical Analysis: Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of one hundred and forty-four (144) women were examined. Their age ranged from 17 48 years with a mean of 31.2 ± 6.3 years. The most common indication for the procedure was infertility, accounting for 89.6% of all cases. The most common Radiological finding was tubal occlusion (factor), which was seen in 40 patients constituting 28% of the radiological findings. The right tubal occlusion was seen at 11.8% while the left tubal occlusion was seen at 6.9%. Bilateral tubal occlusion was seen in 9.0%. Conclusions: The frequent indication for HSG is infertility and the common finding on HSG was a tubal factor with hydrosalpinx being the frequent cause of infertility in our environment. The right tubal occlusion constitutes a higher percentage than the left. Secondary infertility was more common than primary infertility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which there is elevation of arterial blood pressure (s). Hypertensive cardiomegaly is a complication and effect of long standing systemic hypertension on the heart. Aims: This study is to relate a component of hypertensive heart disease with sonographic changes found in the carotid arteries of these patients, as they are directly linked to atherosclerotic effect of hypertension. Materials and Methods: In this prospective crosssectional study, four hundred (400) subjects with primary hypertension were recruited. The study group (200) is having cardiomegaly on PA chest radiograph. The carotid arteries of all participants were insonated on both gray scale and Doppler modes. Demographic characteristics, CIMT, and Doppler velocimetric indices (PSV, EDV, and RI) were generated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age for the study group was 48.91 ± 10.0, consisting of 110 (53.9%) males and 90 (45.9%) females. Cardiothoracic ratio was seen to increase with age (P < 0.0001) and not associated with gender (P = 0.110). The mean carotid intimamedia thickness (CIMT) in the right and left was 1.3 ± 0.13 mm and 1.50 ± 0.18 mm, with the highest CIMT of 1.70 ± 0.25 mm seen at higher systolic readings (P = 0.002). Mean PSV of right common carotid artery (CCA) was 66.20 ± 21.81 cm/s and left CCA was 59.54 ± 22.75 cm/s, EDV of right CCA was 17.85 ± 5.97 cm/s and left CCA was 16.56 ± 6.44 cm/s, RI of right CCA was 0.72 ± 0.07 cm/s and left CCA was 0.72 ± 0.06 cm/s. Positive correlation was seen between age and CIMT (P = 0.001). 7.5% had echogenic smooth plaques. Conclusions: Carotid artery abnormalities continue to relate with severity of hypertension among patients with chest radiographic findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]