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Jacob’s disease is characterized by osteochondroma arising from the coronoid process of the mandible. Patients usually present with limitations of mouth opening and cheek prominence. Computed tomography of facial bones with three‑dimensional reconstruction was considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Management was principally surgical which involved the removal of the coronoid process either by intraoral or extraoral approach. Postsurgical mouth‑opening exercises are considered important for maintaining the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mass fatality incidents occur due to environmental, medical, vehicle, industrial, or terrorist events that can involve large numbers of victims. Identification of these victims is of utmost importance in these situations. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) may be helpful in some forensic contexts, offering several advantages for postmortem forensic imaging. Aim: The research study aims to evaluate the sexual dimorphism of the maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance to estimate sex by using CBCT. Materials and Methods: In 40 CBCT scans of 20 males and 20 females, maxillary sinuses height, width and inter coronoid distances of mandible were measured for forensic analysis. In high quality, reconstructed images of bilateral maxillary sinuses, height, and width were measured, and in mandible, inter coronoid was measured in axial view. Results were tabulated and analyzed using an unpaired t-test and discriminant function analysis used to compare differences in the measured parameters between males and females. Results: Mean values of inter coronoid in males and females are (♂ =88.1, ♀ =78.1). The maxillary sinus right side height and width (♂ =32.2, ♀ =24.6) (♂ =19.7, ♀ =19.6) left side height and width (♂ =32.7, ♀ =23.6) (♂ =18.1, ♀ =17.8), respectively. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference was found in maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance between males and females. Results showed significantly larger dimensions of maxillary sinus and inter coronoid distance in males compared to females. The correct predictive accuracy rate of sex determination was 100% in females and 90% in males with overall accuracy of 95%. Conclusion: The present study showed the importance of maxillary sinus dimensions and inter coronoid distance in sex estimation using cone-beam computed tomography in forensic medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condylar articular cartilage is a mandibular growth site. As a result, developmental abnormalities at this location manifest as altered growth on the affected side of the condyle, mandibular ramus, mandibular body, and alveolar process. There are many causes of the various growth disturbances and abnormalities of the mandibular condyle and related structures. The authors report an interesting case of unilateral severe condylar hypoplasia secondary to chronic ear infection in childhood. Coronoid hyperplasia was also present on the ipsilateral side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in the assessment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis and its importance in treatment planning. The objectives of study were to measure and assess the mediolateral extent of ankylosis mass in 3D-CT and to compare the extent with intraoperative assessment. The study was also aimed to measure the coronoid process elongation in 3D-CT and its significance in treatment planning. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 3D-CT evaluation of 11 patients with TMJ ankylosis during the period of February 2006-October 2007. Results: The 3D-CT assessment provided the length of the coronoid process and the relation of vital structures including maxillary artery to the ankylosed mass. Measurement of ankylosed mass also aids in preoperative measurement of the graft required to reconstruct the defect following removal of the ankylosed mass. Conclusion: Our study concludes that 3D-CT is a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment planning of TMJ ankylosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) located in the coronoid process of the mandible in a 12-year-old girl is presented. Treatment consisted of excision of the lesion through preauricular, submandibular and intraoral approach. An access osteotomy distal to second molar region was required to gain access to medial side of the coronoid process. To our knowledge, this is the third case of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the coronoid process of mandible. While examining a patient with a large expansile intrabony jaw cavity with thin peripheral bone, which is filled with blood without presence of bruit, thrills and pulse pressure, the diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst should be on top of the differential diagnosis list. Seventy-four to eighty-five percent of aneurysmal bone cysts of jaws occur in 10-20 years age group. Therefore, a pediatric dentist may be the first person to see such a lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]