Search

Orbital metastasis is a rare entity in oncology. With increasing awareness and advancement, patients with initial ocular presentation can be diagnosed and treated. Ocular metastasis is more common in breast cancer followed by lung cancer. Lung cancer with ocular presentation generally have poor prognosis because of difficult diagnosis, Vision impairment and delayed management. Here, we report one such case of 59 year old female presented with painful periorbital swelling in left eye for 3 months with no pulmonary symptoms. On evaluation, she was diagnosed as ocular metastasis with primary being lung adenocarcinoma. Through this case, we enlighten the epidemiology, presentation, clinical features and evaluation of such patients which might help clinicians in further management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies demonstrating a high predominance of pulmonary disease among individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD), genomic examinations have recognized and initiated mutations in proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF) among patients with lung malignant growth. To support our hypothesis of being ILD could show a more vital event for framing into bronchogenic threat BRAFV600E change was examined. Objectives: To inquire about the frequency of BRAF (V600E) mutation in ILD with the possible evaluation of the presence of BRAF V600 mutation and such parameters as patient's age, gender, and histopathological type. Materials and Methods: From January 2017 to April 2019, a review study was led in a few confidential labs and the Teeba respiratory focus in Hilla city, Babylon region. Sixty patients with interstitial lung issues' clarifying data were recuperated, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue portions were furthermore collected, all of the results were surveyed by three expert histopathologists, and the last attestation of the examination was done. Equivalent number (60) of healthy lung tissues were also involved and used as control tests for polymerase chain reaction review. Results: Only two (3.3%) of ILD tests harbored BRAF V600E change, all of them were between 41 and 50 years and were the usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) type. Conclusions: BRAF V600E mutation likely could be identified in ILD especially UIP. Prognosis of such patients with mutated BRAF gene should be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the Oman Journal of Ophthalmology discusses a case of choroidal metastasis as the initial manifestation of lung carcinoma in a 65-year-old Indian male. The patient presented with vision loss in the left eye, weight loss, and no history of smoking. The diagnosis was confirmed through imaging tests, and the patient was referred for urgent oncology evaluation due to the presence of metastases. The article emphasizes the importance of thorough eye examinations in detecting such conditions early. [Extracted from the article]

A 67-year-old man is presented with complaints of chest pain and productive cough for 1½ years. Chest X-ray was suggestive of right upper lobe Koch's lesion. Sputum was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. His symptoms got relieved partially by antitubercular treatment but the patient had an aggravation of symptoms for which he was evaluated. Computed tomography (CT) thorax revealed an endobronchial lesion in the right upper lobe bronchus. Bronchoscopy showed a mass in the right main bronchus and biopsy was suggestive of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). 18Fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/CT was performed for staging. There would have been chances of coexisting tuberculosis with SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the world's leading cause of cancer-related death. Radiology remains the mainstay for timely diagnosis; however, atypical radiologic patterns are known, and these may be misdiagnosed as infectious or inflammatory pathology, particularly in the absence of smoking history. We report herein an account of an older male nonsmoker who presented radiologically with bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, simulating pneumonia, but was eventually diagnosed with adenosquamous lung carcinoma. The delay in diagnosis and subsequent unfortunate rapid deterioration of our patient serves as a reminder for clinicians to consider lung cancer in patients with clinical/radiologic findings suggestive of pneumonia, especially in nonsmokers or cases refractory to antibiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) was first described in the 19th century which is usually seen in association with lung cancer and is very rare in the oral cavity. Here, we report one such case in a 39-year-old male patient who presented with swelling on the left middle third of the face for 6 months. This is the 12th SNEC of oral cavity case so far reported in the English literature and the third case to be present on buccal mucosa. It presented as a nodular swelling over the buccal mucosa and was clinically diagnosed as a traumatic fibroma. The histopathological sections showed diffuse sheets of round cells with granular chromatin. Immunohistochemical findings helped us arrive at a final diagnosis. SNECs are highly proliferative tumors characterized by early and widespread metastases through the vascular channels. Hence, the diagnosis and appropriate management of these lesions is important to decrease the morbidity and mortality rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraneoplastic optic neuropathy (PON) is a rare phenomenon that is associated with lung carcinoma. In addition, retinal metastasis is extremely rare, accounting for <1% of intraocular metastasis. We hereby report a rare case of synchronous metastases from lung carcinoma to the choroid of the right eye and the retina of the left eye complicated with presumed PON. The presence of intraocular mass and optic disc swelling should prompt investigations for systemic malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. The burden of TB is significantly high in developing countries causing serious public health concern, and the incidence of lung cancer is also increasing all around the world with high mortality. Pulmonary TB coexisting with lung cancer can mask the underlying disorder producing diagnostic dilemma resulting in a delay in diagnosis leading to decreased survival of the patients. Here, we report a rare case of a 66-year-old male diagnosed with microbiologically confirmed TB along with coexisting small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung presenting with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radiation‑induced bystander effects (RIBE) is the radiobiological effects detected in nonirradiated cells that have received signals from neighboring irradiated cells. In some studies, there are observations that RIBE unexpectedly reduces at high doses. In this study, the expression of two selected apoptotic and repair genes and their possible role in the formation of this unexpected reduction is examined. Materials and Methods: The QU‑DB cells were irradiated with gamma rays of a 60Co teletherapy unit at doses of 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. One hour following irradiation, their culture media were transferred to bystander cells to induced RIBE. After 24 h incubation, the RNA of cells was isolated and cDNA synthesized. Expression levels of BAX, XPA, and XPA/BAX ratio were examined by relative quantitative reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. Results: In target cells, up‑regulation of both genes was observed at all doses. In bystander cells, at the low dose (2 Gy), the expression of BAX was more than XPA; at 4 Gy, the ratio was balanced. A significant correlation was found between the XPA/BAX ratio and the dose, at high doses pattern of gene expression dominated by DNA repair gene. Conclusion: Gene expression profile was distinctive in bystander cells compared to target cells. The observed linear increasing of the ratio of XPA/BAX could support the hypothesis that the DNA repair system is stimulated and causes a reduction in RIBE at high doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) is the radiobiological effects detected in nonirradiated cells that have received signals from neighboring irradiated cells. In some studies, there are observations that RIBE unexpectedly reduces at high doses. In this study, the expression of two selected apoptotic and repair genes and their possible role in the formation of this unexpected reduction is examined.Materials and Methods: The QU-DB cells were irradiated with gamma rays of a60 Co teletherapy unit at doses of 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. One hour following irradiation, their culture media were transferred to bystander cells to induced RIBE. After 24 h incubation, the RNA of cells was isolated and cDNA synthesized. Expression levels of BAX, XPA, and XPA/BAX ratio were examined by relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results: In target cells, up-regulation of both genes was observed at all doses. In bystander cells, at the low dose (2 Gy), the expression of BAX was more than XPA; at 4 Gy, the ratio was balanced. A significant correlation was found between the XPA/BAX ratio and the dose, at high doses pattern of gene expression dominated by DNA repair gene.Conclusion: Gene expression profile was distinctive in bystander cells compared to target cells. The observed linear increasing of the ratio of XPA/BAX could support the hypothesis that the DNA repair system is stimulated and causes a reduction in RIBE at high doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although majority of lung cancers have distant metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis, colonic metastases are extremely rare. This report presents a rare clinical case which presented with lower limb deep vein thrombosis and found to have colon polyp incidentally detected while evaluating for occult blood positive in stool. Histopathology of the polyp was suggestive of lung primary and on further evaluation PET scan was suggestive of left lung mass with widespread distant metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Biomarkers can be used for screening lung cancer and the clinician can decide for further invasive workup for diagnosis. Aims: To know the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in Broncho Alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) and serum of bronchogenic carcinoma. Settings and Design: Case-Control study was conducted in the Medical College Hospital during a period of 2 years. Methods and Material: We randomly selected 50 cases and 50 controls subjects. Cases were the patients with proven malignancy by biopsy or cytology, and controls were other non-malignant pulmonary diseases. All patients' CEA of Broncho Alveolar Lavage Fluid and serum was done. Statistical Analysis: The mean and receiver operating curve were done for CEA of serum and BAL fluid, and based on the cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: Mean value of CEA in both BALF and serum in non-smoker patients of the malignant lesion was significantly higher than the non-malignant lesion. Mean value of CEA in both BALF and serum in smoker patients of the malignant lesion was higher than the benign lesion, but statistically not significant. The cut-off value for Serum CEA is 1μg/l, whereas for BALF CEA is 2μg/l. Sensitivity, specificity of CEA of Serum and BALF combined were 92% and 62% respectively. Conclusions: Determination of CEA in the BALF and serum may be helpful as a screening tool for further workup for malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Second primary malignancy (SPM) is associated with decreased overall survival (OS) in laryngeal carcinomas (LC).Methods: One hundred eighty three LC patients were analyzed retrospectively. The primary and secondary endpoints were the incidence of SPM and the OS difference between patients with and without SPM.Results: SPM developed in 22 (12.0%) patients at median 52 months (range, 4-131 months), with a yearly 2.8% incidence, of which 19 (10.4%) and 3 (1.6%) were metachronous and synchronous, respectively. Lung was the commonest SPM (72.7%). Of 47 deaths, 12 (25.5%) were SPM related. Comparatively SPM patients had significantly shorter median OS (68.0 months vs. median not reached; P = 0.005), with lower 5-year (67.0% vs. 78.9%) and 8-year (32.6 vs. 69.8%) survival rates.Conclusion: The present findings suggested the SPM as a competing risk factor for death in index LC patients with its annual incidence rate of 2.8% and for accounting one of every four deaths in this patients group. Emergence of lung carcinoma as the most frequent type of SPM and the ability to treat >50% of them with an estimated long-term outcomes emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and curative treatment of SPMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem in developing countries, with India bearing highest burden. Lung cancer (LC), especially adenocarcinoma, is also increasing all over the world, with India having highest mortality in males due to lung cancer. Both diseases do co-exists producing diagnostic dilemma and treatment controversies. We intended to explore the incidence of both diseases at a tertiary cancer centre. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted between 2014 to 2017. Diagnosis and treatment of TB were according to DOTS protocol. For lung cancer biopsy was mandatory for diagnosis. Results: Our study was conducted on 42 patients at the Department of Radiotherapy, R.G. Kar Medical College. In 19 of the 42 patients, the diagnosis of TB and LC occurred simultaneously, whereas, in 23, the occurrence was sequential. Fifteen (35.7%) patients reported having had TB twice. TB treatment was given as Category 1 of DOTS in 21 patients (50%) and Category 2 in 15 (35.7%). In 6 (14.3%) patients, the data on treatment regimen were either not provided or unavailable. Regarding carcinoma lung management, 50% of patients were purely treated as palliative intent. Twenty percent of patients received chemotherapy with platinum doublet. Thirty percent of patients were given best supportive care. Conclusion: The symptoms of TB and lung carcinoma overlap with each other. If we get any patient with lung cancer not much improving after anticancer treatment, diagnosis of TB should be kept in mind. Similarly, in any diagnosed case of pulmonary TB, development of lung cancer should be considered if not improved with anti-tubercular treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cytological evaluation of specimens from respiratory tract is the initial investigation in patients suspected to have pulmonary diseases. The various cytological specimens submitted for analysis include bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial wash, brush smears, transbronchial needle aspiration, guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears and pleural fluid. Present study was undertaken to study the spectrum of lesions diagnosed by cytomorphological analysis of various cytological specimens. Materials and Methods: Centrifuged and direct smears from received samples were stained with MGG and PAP stain. Special stains (ZN and PAS) were used wherever required. Cytohistological correlation was done wherever biopsy was available. Results: This study included 671 samples from 583 patients suspected clinicoradiologically of having a respiratory pathology. A male preponderance (65.87%) was noted with 73.59% of patients in age group 40–80 years. Cytological diagnoses were classified as non-diagnostic (14.90%), negative for malignancy (59.76%), specific benign lesions (5.22%), positive for atypical cells (3.87%) and malignant (16.25%). Tuberculosis (TB) was found in 17 cases. Adenocarcinoma (both primary and metastatic) was the commonest malignancy of the 99 cases positive for malignancy. Incidence of primary lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were found to be equal. Conclusion: Lung carcinoma is presently the leading cause of cancer deaths while TB is still a common cause of death in developing countries. Cytopathology has a definite role in diagnosis of malignant lesions and also contributes in diagnosis of unsuspected chronic infections. Cytological diagnosis is fairly accurate if the specimen obtained is adequate and representative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New developments in thoracic oncology have challenged the way pathologists approach pulmonary carcinoma. Categorization as small cell or nonsmall cell is no longer adequate, and a distinction between adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) is necessary for specific therapy. Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis and subtyping of primary lung carcinoma and reliability of the cytological parameters. Settings, Design, and Subjects and Methods: Histologically confirmed lung carcinomas diagnosed on FNAC were evaluated for various cytological parameters by three pathologists, and data were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 39 cases (22 ADCs, 9 SqCCs, 6 small cell carcinomas and 2 poorly differentiated carcinomas) were studied. The features frequently observed in small cell carcinoma included small cell size (83%), scant cytoplasm (83%), nuclear molding (100%), and granular chromatin with nuclear streaks (67%) in the background. SqCCs showed single cells (66%), distinct cell borders (44%), abundant homogenous cytoplasm (78%), hyperchromatic nuclei (56%), and keratinous debris (22%) whereas ADCs showed glands (45%), three-dimensional (68%) and papillary (23%) clusters, indistinct cell borders (77%), cytoplasmic vacuolation (55%), vesicular chromatin (45%), and mucinous (23%) background. There was a statistically significant agreement between cytologic and histologic diagnosis (P < 0.001) with a very good level of agreement (κ = 0.9). The overall percentage of agreement was 97%, with substantial agreement between the observers (κ = 0.73). Cell size, cohesion, cell borders, molding, chromatin texture, and cytoplasmic characteristics were significantly associated with the diagnosis. Conclusion: Cytologic subtyping of lung carcinoma is feasible and reasonably accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral cavity is an uncommon site for metastasis and is usually an evidence of widespread disease. The clinical presentation of the metastatic lesions differs between the various sites in the oral region. Metastatic tumors account for 1-3% of all oral malignancies. The jawbones, particularly the mandibular molar area is more frequently affected than the oral soft tissues (2:1). Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with metastasis from lung to the mandible, where the metastasis was detected before primary tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the mechanism of effect of miR-21 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human A549 lung cancer cells and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Methods The effect of miR-21 on A549 cells were detected by MTT method. MiR-21 expression levels were overexpressed or inhibited in A549 cells by transfecting with miR-21 mimics or inhibitors. Correlation among key molecules (Wnt1, β-catenin, CyclinD1 and miR-21) of mRNA and protein levels in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were studied by Real-time PCR and Western blot hybridization assay. Invasive ability of A549 cells was determined via Transwell chamber cell invasion assay; the role of miR-21 in A549 cells was explored via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A Lewis lung carcinoma animal model was established to detect miR-21 expressions in tumor animals and controlled animal tissues, and verify expression changes of the above molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was determined in the animal level. Results MTT assay results showed that miR-21 overexpression could markedly enhance cell absorbance value; that is, miR-21 could increase the ability proliferation of A549 cells. β-catenin and CyclinD1 expression levels were significantly higher in miR-21 mimic transfected cells ( P < 0.05), and Wnt1 gene had no significant change. Wnt1 , β-catenin and CyclinD1 gene expression showed no significant change when miR-21 expression was suppressed, compared with controls. After cells were transfected with miR-21 mimics, cell invasion assay revealed that the perforated cells was significantly higher than the perforated cells in the control group ( P < 0.01). Lewis lung assay revealed that miR-21 expression levels in the Lewis lung carcinoma were significantly higher; and at the same time, Wnt1 , β-catenin and CyclinD1 gene expression levels were significantly increased, compared to controls. Conclusions In A549 human lung cancer cells and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice, key molecules β-catenin and CyclinD1of miR-21 expressions and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are positively correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between k-RAS gene mutation and the resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Forty-five pathologies confirmed NSCLC patients who received EGFR-TKI (Gefitinib) treatment were retrospectively included in this study. The mutation of codon 12 and 13, located in exon1 and exon 2 of k-RAS gene were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DAN sequencing in tumor samples of the included 45 NSCLC patients. The correlation between Gefitinib treatment response and k-RAS mutation status was analyzed in tumor samples of the 45 NSCLC patients. Results: Eight tumor samples of the 45 NSCLC patients were found to be mutated in coden 12 or 13, with an mutation rate of 17.8% (8/45); the objective response rate (ORR) was 29.7%(11/37) with 1 cases of complete response (CR) and 10 cases of partial response in k-RAS mutation negative patients. Furthermore, the ORR was 0.0% in k-RAS mutation positive patients with none CR. The ORR between k-RAS mutation and nonmutation patients were significant different (P < 0.05). Conclusion: k-RAS gene mutation status was associated with the response of Gefitinib treatment in patients with NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solitary bone metastasis to fibula in patients of lung carcinoma is a rare entity, with only four cases reported in literature. We, hereby, present a case of a 50 year-old-male who was given three cycles of chemotherapy for lung carcinoma with no distant metastasis but presented 2 months later with a fusiform, painful swelling around the knee that was clinically suspected to be inflammatory in nature but proved to be fibular metastasis on cytology. There was no evidence of skeletal metastasis on initial bone scan. He was given palliative radiotherapy for this with symptomatic relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXT: Lung cancer has varied epidemiology depending on the geographic region. Globally, there have been important changes in incidence trends amongst men and women, histology, and incidence in non-smokers. Indian epidemiological data on lung cancer is scarce. AIMS: We set out to study the epidemiological patterns and clinical profile of lung cancer in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We interviewed consecutive patients presenting to the thoracic oncology department between 2008 and 2009. Demographic data, smoking history, place of residence, histology, stage at presentation, and treatment details were collected. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS. RESULTS: There were 489 patients, with a median age of 56 years, of which 255 (52%) were non-smokers and 234 (48%) were smokers. One hundred and thirtythree patients had consumed smokeless tobacco. The male-to-female ratio was 3.5:1. Sixty-nine patients (14.1%) were incorrectly diagnosed and treated with anti-tuberculosis treatment, which delayed the diagnosis of lung cancer by four months. Eight percent of patients had small-cell carcinoma; of the 92% patients with non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC), the most common histology was adenocarcinoma (43.8%), followed by squamous cell (26.2%), large cell (2.1%) and other (8.3%). Eighteen percent of patients were diagnosed by cytology, therefore were diagnosed as NSCLC, without further histologic subtyping. Most patients (43%) were in Stage III at presentation. Lung followed by bone were the common sites of metastases. The majority of the patients (49%) received palliative chemotherapy. Among definitive therapy, concurrent chemo-radiation (13%) was offered more frequently than surgery (6%). CONCLUSION: Considerably higher numbers of Indian patients with lung cancer are non-smokers, compared to the West. The global trend of rise in adenocarcinoma is paralleled in India. Non-tobacco-related risk factors need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool in the management of lung cancers. Although PET is sensitive in detection of lung cancer, but FDG (2-deoxy-2-18fluro-D-glucose) is not tumor specific and may accumulate in a variety of nonmalignant conditions occasionally giving false positive result. Addition of CT to PET improves specificity foremost, but also sensitivity in tumor imaging. Thus, PET/CT fusion images are a more accurate test than either of its individual components and are probably also better than side-by-side viewing of images from both modalities. PET/CT fusion images are useful in differentiating between malignant and benign disease, fi brosis and recurrence, staging and in changing patient management to more appropriate therapy. With analysis and discussion it appears that PET/ CT fusion images have the potential to dramatically improve our ability to manage the patients with lung cancer and is contributing to our understanding of cancer cell biology and in development of new therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The most common and also the most often assayed mtDNA deletion mutation, ◻mtDNA4977 has been demonstrated in various types of human cancer. However, knowledge about ◻mtDNA4977 in lung carcinoma is poor. AIM: To study the 4977 bp deletions of mitochondrial DNA (◻mtDNA4977) in lung cancer, adjacent histologically normal and normal lung tissue and its potential roles in the development of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven matched lung cancer/adjacent histologically normal and 20 histologically normal lung tissue samples in subjects without lung cancer were analyzed by PCR technique. RESULTS: ◻mtDNA4977 deletions were detected in 54.1% (20/37) of lung cancers, 59.5% (22/37) of adjacent normal and 30.0% (6/20) of normal lung tissue samples. No significant difference was found in the frequency of ◻mtDNA4977 deletions between the tumor and adjacent normal lung tissues (P value = 0.815). Moreover, no significant difference was found in the frequency of ◻mtDNA4977 deletions between the tumor and histologically normal lung tissues in subjects without lung cancer (P value = 0.101). However, the correlation between ◻mtDNA4977 deletion and age and smoking factors was present in our data. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Fisher's exact test was used to assess the difference in different groups by the Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 10.0, Statistical analysis software. CONCLUSIONS: Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp deletion, which is not specific to lung cancer, may reflect the environmental and aging process influences operative during tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a case of lung cancer presented initially as hydro-pneumothorax and has undergone intercostal tube drainage, received repeated courses of antibiotics and even antitubercular drugs without any improvement. Without a confirmatory diagnosis, patient was referred to our institution. Based on initial and follow-up chest X-rays, it was suspected to be either an encysted empyema or lung abscess. But on computed tomography (CT) thorax the thick walled cavitary mass was seen, and CT guided fine-needle aspiration cytology proved the diagnosis. Thus, it's a rare presentation of lung cancer as hydro-pneumothorax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastasis in breast from extra-mammary malignancy is rare and lung is the third most common primary site when such a metastasis occurs. Small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are two histological varieties of lung carcinoma that may metastasize to breast and squamous cell type is very rare. Here we report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of lung that metastasized in the breast and mimicked primary breast carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) of lung are rare neoplasms originating in bronchial submucosal glands and comprising 0.1-0.2% of primary lung cancers. MECs, the most common malignancy in salivary glands, were earlier thought to occur only in salivary glands. Later studies showed that they can arise as a primary in bronchus, esophagus, lacrimal glands, pancreas, thymus and thyroid gland. Initially described as a benign adenoma, it is now considered to be a malignant epithelial tumor. There have been reports of metastases to regional lymph nodes, other parts of the lung and distant organs. Cavitary lesion in MEC of lung is rare. Here, we report a case of MEC of lung with metastases to skeletal muscles of thigh and arm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case of MEC of lung presenting with such unusual pattern of metastasis as presenting feature with almost no symptoms of primary lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]