1. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency.
- Author
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Bollée G, Harambat J, Bensman A, Knebelmann B, Daudon M, and Ceballos-Picot I
- Subjects
- Adenine analogs & derivatives, Adenine urine, Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase genetics, Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase urine, Allopurinol therapeutic use, Animals, Biomarkers urine, Disease Progression, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Kidney Diseases enzymology, Kidney Diseases etiology, Metabolism, Inborn Errors complications, Metabolism, Inborn Errors diagnosis, Metabolism, Inborn Errors drug therapy, Metabolism, Inborn Errors genetics, Metabolism, Inborn Errors urine, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Recurrence, Urolithiasis complications, Urolithiasis diagnosis, Urolithiasis drug therapy, Urolithiasis etiology, Urolithiasis genetics, Urolithiasis urine, Xanthine Dehydrogenase antagonists & inhibitors, Xanthine Dehydrogenase metabolism, Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, Metabolism, Inborn Errors enzymology, Urolithiasis enzymology
- Abstract
Complete adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is a rare inherited metabolic disorder that leads to the formation and hyperexcretion of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) into urine. The low solubility of DHA results in precipitation of this compound and the formation of urinary crystals and stones. The disease can present as recurrent urolithiasis or nephropathy secondary to crystal precipitation into renal parenchyma (DHA nephropathy). The diagnostic tools available-including stone analysis, crystalluria, and APRT activity measurement-make the diagnosis easy to confirm when APRT deficiency is suspected. However, the disease can present at any age, and the variability of symptoms can present a diagnostic challenge to many physicians. The early recognition and treatment of APRT deficiency are of crucial importance for preventing irreversible loss of renal function, which still occurs in a non-negligible proportion of cases. This review summarizes the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying stone formation and renal disease, along with the diagnosis and management of APRT deficiency.
- Published
- 2012
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