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The application of medical implants has greatly improved the survival rate and life quality of patients. Nevertheless, in recent years, there are increasing cases of implant dysfunction or failure because of bacterial infections. Despite significant improvements in biomedicine, there are still serious challenges in the treatment of implant-related infections. With the formation of bacterial biofilms and the development of bacterial resistance, these limitations lead to a low efficacy of conventional antibiotics. To address these challenges, it is urgent to exploit innovative treatment strategies for implant-related infections. Based on these ideas, environment-responsive therapeutic platforms with high selectivity, low drug resistance, and minor dose-limiting toxicity have attracted widespread attention. By using exogenous/endogenous stimuli, the antibacterial activity of therapeutics can be activated on demand and exhibit remarkable therapeutic effects. Exogenous stimuli include photo, magnetism, microwave, and ultrasound. Endogenous stimuli mainly include the pathological characteristics of bacterial infections such as acidic pH, anomalous temperature, and abnormal enzymatic activities. In this review, the recent progress of environment-responsive therapeutic platforms with spatiotemporally controlled drug release/activation is systematically summarized. Afterward, the limitations and opportunities of these emerging platforms are highlighted. Finally, it is hoped that this review will offer novel ideas and techniques to combat implant-related infections., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The past several years has witnessed significant progress in enhancing photocatalytic performance via robust electric and magnetic fields' modulation to promote the separation and transfer of photoexcited carriers, and phase control at reactive interface to lower photocatalytic reaction energy barrier and facilitate mass transfer. These three research directions have received soaring attention in photocatalytic field. Herein, recent advances in photocatalysis modulated by electric field (i.e., piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric fields, as well as their coupling) with specific examples and mechanisms discussion are first examined. Subsequently, the strategy via magnetic field manipulation for enhancing photocatalytic performance is scrutinized, including the spin polarization, Lorentz force, and magnetoresistance effect. Afterward, materials with tailored structure and composition design enabled by reactive phase control and their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities to further boost photocatalytic efficiency are presented, aiming at providing crucial theoretical and experimental guidance for those working in photocatalysis, ferroelectrics, triboelectrics, piezo-/pyro-/tribo-phototronics, and electromagnetics, among other related areas., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Mass transfer is an essential factor determining photocatalytic performance, which can be modulated by fluid field via manipulating the kinetic characteristics of photocatalysts and photocatalytic intermediates. Past decades have witnessed the efforts and achievements made in manipulating mass transfer based on photocatalyst structure and composition design, and thus, a critical survey that scrutinizes the recent progress in this topic is urgently necessitated. This review examines the basic principles of how mass transfer behavior impacts photocatalytic activity accompanying with the discussion on theoretical simulation calculation including fluid flow speed and pattern. Meanwhile, newly emerged viable photocatalytic micro/nanomotors with self-thermophoresis, self-diffusiophoresis, and bubble-propulsion mechanisms as well as magnet-actuated photocatalytic artificial cilia for facilitating mass transfer will be covered. Furthermore, their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, organic pollution degradation, bacteria disinfection and so forth are scrutinized. Finally, a brief summary and future outlook are presented, providing a viable guideline to those working in photocatalysis, mass transfer, and other related fields., (© 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

For the maximization of the surface charge density in triboelectric nanogenerators, a new method of injecting single-polarity ions onto surfaces is introduced for the generation of surface charges. The triboelectric nanogenerator's output power gets greatly enhanced and its maximum surface charge density is systematically studied, which shows a huge room for the improvement of the output of triboelectric nanogenerators by surface modification., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A newly-designed triboelectric nanogenerator is demonstrated which is composed of a grating-segmented freestanding triboelectric layer and two groups of interdigitated electrodes with the same periodicity. The sliding motion of the grating units across the electrode fingers can be converted into multiple alternating currents through the external load due to the contact electrification and electrostatic induction. Working in non-contact mode, the device shows excellent stability and the total conversion efficiency can reach up to 85% at low operation frequency., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

For versatile mechanical energy harvesting from arbitrary moving objects such as humans, a new mode of triboelectric nanogenerator is developed based on the sliding of a freestanding triboelectric-layer between two stationary electrodes on the same plane. With two electrodes alternatively approached by the tribo-charges on the sliding layer, electricity is effectively generated due to electrostatic induction. A unique feature of this nanogenerator is that it can operate in non-contact sliding mode, which greatly increases the lifetime and the efficiency of such devices., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)