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Acetylation is critically required for p53 activation, though it remains poorly understood how p53 acetylation is regulated in glioblastoma (GBM). This study reveals that p53 acetylation is a favorable prognostic marker for GBM, regardless of p53 status, and that Smad1, a key negative regulator of p53 acetylation, is involved in this process. Smad1 forms a complex with p53 and p300, inhibiting p300's interaction with p53 and leading to reduced p53 acetylation and increased Smad1 acetylation in GBM. This results in enhanced tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy, particularly in tumors with missense mutant p53. Acetylation of K373 is found to be essential for Smad1's oncogenic function but does not confer chemoresistance in the absence of p53. Through molecular docking, it is discovered that Smad1 and p53 both interact with the acetyltransferase domain of p300, but at different amino acid sites. Disturbing the interface of Smad1 through amino acid mutations abolishes the Smad1-p300 complex and promotes p53 acetylation. Therefore, a small molecule is identified through virtual screening that specifically disrupts the Smad1-p300 interaction, offering a promising strategy for inhibiting GBM and increasing chemosensitivity by inhibiting Smad1 acetylation and restoring p53 acetylation., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

High-temperature graphitization of graphene oxide (GO) is a crucial step for enhancing interlayer stacking and repairing the in-plane defects of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films. However, the fine control of the structural repair and reducing the energy consumption in thermal treatment remain challenges. In this study, ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with experiments are used to investigate the structural evolution of rGO upon thermal annealing, with or without the presence of single-layer graphene (SLG). It is found that the SLG promotes the repair of the carbon honeycombed matrix and alleviates the release of carbon-containing groups during graphitization. Further electronic analysis reveals the crucial role of charge transfer from SLG to defective graphene in strengthening the C─C bonds. The result of Raman spectroscopy matches with the simulation, demonstrating an improved repairing degree of rGO upon contacting with SLG. This study provides a deeper understanding of the graphitization and repair mechanism of rGO, which may be useful for the highly efficient preparation of high-quality graphene films., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

High efficiently photocatalytic CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR) into liquid fuels in pure water system remains challenged. Iron polyphthalocyanine (FePPc) with strong light harvesting, unique Fe-N 4 structure, abundant pores, and good stability could serve as a promising catalyst for CO 2 photoreduction. To further improve the catalytic efficiency, herein, symmetry-breaking Fe sites are constructed by coupling with atomically precise M 1 Ag 24 (M=Ag, Au, Pt) series clusters. Especially, the introduction of Pt 1 Ag 24 causes the most asymmetric charge distribution of Fe in FePPc (followed by Au 1 Ag 24 and Ag 25 ), leading to the favorable CO 2 adsorption and activation. In addition, Pt 1 Ag 24 -FePPc exhibits the most effective photogenerated carriers transfer and separation. As a result, Pt 1 Ag 24 -FePPc shows the methanol/ethanol yield of 48.55/32.97 μmol ⋅ g cat -1  ⋅ h -1 in H 2 O-CO 2 system under visible light irradiation, ~1.65/1.25-fold, 1.83/1.37-fold, and 3.60/1.61-fold higher than that of Au 1 Ag 24 -FePPc, Ag 25 -FePPc, and FePPc, respectively. This work provides a concept for precisely construction and regulation symmetry-breaking sites of cluster-based catalysts for effective CO 2 conversion., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The instability to moisture, heat, and ultraviolet (UV) light is the main problem in the application of quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs). Thin film encapsulation can effectively improve their operational stability. However, it is difficult to achieve multiple barrier effects with single layer of encapsulated film. Here, a hybrid thin-film encapsulation strategy is reported to encapsulate lead sulfide QDSCs, which can isolate moisture and partial thermal, and prevent the penetration of UV light, thus retarding the surface oxidation process of the quantum dots. After 60 h, the encapsulated device retains a normalized power conversion efficiency of 83.8% and 80.6% at 85% humidity and 75 °C, respectively, which is three and six times of the value obtained in unencapsulated devices. At continuous UV illumination, encapsulated device exhibits five times higher stability than the reference. This strategy provides the way for the overall improvement of the operating stability of lead sulfide QDSCs in harsh environments of high humidity, high temperature, and UV light., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. One of the most commonly applied therapeutic techniques to combat this disease is chemotherapy. Despite its success, the majority of clinically applied chemotherapeutic agents are associated with strong side effects and drug resistance. To overcome this limitation, much research efforts are devoted toward the development of new anticancer agents. Among the most promising class of compounds, Cu(II) complexes have emerged. Despite their strong cytotoxic effect, these agents are typically associated with low water solubility, low stability, and poor tumor selectivity. To overcome these limitations, herein, we report on the encapsulation of a promising Cu(II) terpyridine complex with the Pluronic F-127/Poloxamer-407 polymeric carrier into nanoparticles. Besides overcoming the pharmacological drawbacks, the nanoparticles were able to eradicate human breast adenocarcinoma monolayer cells as well as challenging multicellular tumor spheroids at nanomolar concentrations., (© 2024 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Tailorable lithium (Li) nucleation and uniform early-stage plating is essential for long-lifespan Li metal batteries. Among factors influencing the early plating of Li anode, the substrate is critical, but a fine control of the substrate structure on a scale of ≈10 nm has been rarely achieved. Herein, a carbon consisting of ordered grids is prepared, as a model to investigate the effect of substrate structure on the Li nucleation. In contrast to the individual spherical Li nuclei formed on the flat graphene, an ultrauniform and nuclei-free Li plating is obtained on the ordered carbon with a grid size smaller than the thermodynamical critical radius of Li nucleation (≈26 nm). Simultaneously, an inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte-interphase is promoted by the cross-sectional carbon layers of such ordered grids which are exposed to the electrolyte. Consequently, the carbon grids with a grid size of ≈10 nm show a favorable cycling stability for more than 1100 cycles measured at 2 mA cm -2 in a half cell. With LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 as cathode, the assembled full cell with a cathode capacity of 3 mAh cm -2 and a negative/positive ratio of 1.67 demonstrates a stable cycling for over 130 cycles with a capacity retention of 88%., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Current reconstruction chemistry studies are mainly operated at the laboratory scale, where the operating parameters are different from those used in industrial water electrolyzers. This gap leads to unclear reconstruction behaviors under industrial conditions and constrains the application of catalysts. Here, this work presents a new reconstruction mechanism and anomalous detachment phenomena observed in leaching-type oxygen-evolving precatalysts under industrial conditions, different from the reported results obtained under laboratory conditions. The identified detachment issues are closely linked to the production of a potassium salt separate phase, which proves sensitive to the local environment, and its instability easily leads to catalyst stripping from the substrate. By establishing detachment critical point and operating parameter-detachment correlation, a targeted reconstruction strategy is proposed to achieve smooth ligand leaching and effectively solve the detachment issue. Theoretical analyses validate the dual-site regulation in directionally reconstructed catalysts with optimized intermediate adsorption. Under industrial conditions, the coupled electrolyzer delivers an industrial-level current density at low cell voltage with prolonged durability, 1 A cm -2 at 2 V for over 340 h. This work bridges the gap of leaching-type precatalysts between laboratory test conditions and industrial operating conditions., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Wild-type sortase A is an important virulence factor displaying a diverse array of proteins on the surface of bacteria. This protein display relies on the transpeptidase activity of sortase A, which is widely engineered to allow protein ligation and protein engineering based on the interaction between sortase A and peptides. Here an unknown interaction is found between sortase A from Staphylococcus aureus and nucleic acids, in which exogenously expressed engineered sortase A binds oligonucleotides in vitro and is independent of its canonical transpeptidase activity. When incubated with mammalian cells, engineered sortase A further mediates oligonucleotide labeling to the cell surface, where sortase A attaches itself and is part of the labeled moiety. The labeling reaction can also be mediated by many classes of wild-type sortases as well. Cell surface GAG appears involved in sortase-mediated oligonucleotide cell labeling, as demonstrated by CRISPR screening. This interaction property is utilized to develop a technique called CellID to facilitate sample multiplexing for scRNA-seq and shows the potential of using sortases to label cells with diverse oligonucleotides. Together, the binding between sortase A and nucleic acids opens a new avenue to understanding the virulence of wild-type sortases and exploring the application of sortases in biotechnology., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has garnered extensive attention as electrodes, sensors, and membranes, necessitating the efficient reduction of graphene oxide (GO) for optimal performance. In this work, a swift reduction of GO that involves bringing GO foam in contact with semi-molten metals like tin (Sn) and lithium (Li) is presented. These findings reveal that the electrical resistance of GO foam is significantly diminished by its interaction with these metals, even in dry air. Taking inspiration from this technique, Sn foil is employed to encase the GO foam, followed by a calcination in 15 vol% H 2 /Ar environment at 235 °C to fabricate the rGO, which demonstrates a remarkably lower electrical resistivity of 0.42 Ω cm when compared to the chemically reduced GO via hydrazine hydrate (650 Ω cm). The reduction mechanism entails the migration of Sn on GO and its subsequent reaction with oxygen functional groups. SnO/Sn(OH) 2 formed from the reaction can be subsequently reversed through reduction by H 2 to Sn. Utilizing this rGO as the host material for a sulfur cathode, a lithium-sulfur battery is constructed that displays a specific capacity of 1146 mAh g -1 and maintains a capacity retention of 68.4% after 300 cycles at a rate of 0.2 C., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Water-droplet-based electricity generators are emerging hydrovoltaic technologies that harvest energy from water circulation through strong interactions between water and nanomaterials. However, such devices exhibit poor current performance owing to their unclear driving force (evaporation or infiltration) and undesirable reverse diffusion current. Herein, a water-droplet-based hydrovoltaic electricity generator induced by capillary infiltration with an asymmetric structure composed of a diode-like heterojunction formed by negatively and positively charged materials is fabricated. This device can generate current densities of 160 and 450 µA cm -2 at room temperature and 65 °C, respectively. The heterojunction achieves a rectification ratio of 12, which effectively suppresses the reverse current caused by concentration differences. This results in an improved charge accumulation of ≈60 mC cm -2 in 1000 s, which is three times the value observed in the control device. When the area of the device is increased to 6 cm 2 , the current increases linearly to 1 mA, thus demonstrating the scale-up potential of the generator. It has been proven that the streaming potential originates from capillary infiltration, and the presence of ion rectification. The proposed method of constructing ion-diode-like structures provides a new strategy for improving generator performance., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The extensive use of pharmaceutical antibiotics in treatment of human and animal infections has resulted in growing concerns about antibiotic pollution worldwide. In this work a novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel has been developed to function as an effective and non-selective adsorbent for various antibiotic pollutants in aqueous solution. This IPN hydrogel is made of multiple active components, including carbon nanotube (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and urea-modified sodium alginate (SA). It can be readily prepared through efficient carbodiimide-mediated amide coupling reaction followed by calcium chloride-induced alginate cross-linking. The structural properties, swellability, and thermal stability of this hydrogel have been investigated, while its adsorption properties towards an important antibiotic pollutant, tetracycline, was thoroughly characterized based on adsorption kinetic and isotherm analyses. With a BET surface area of 38.7 m 2 /g, the IPN hydrogel shows an excellent adsorption capacity of 84.28±4.2 mg/g towards tetracycline in water, while the adsorption capacity is decreased by only 18 % after four cycles of use, demonstrating very good reusability. Adsorptive performance in removing two other antibiotics, neomycin and erythromycin, has also been examined and compared. Overall, our studies disclose that this newly designed hybrid hydrogel is an effective and reusable adsorbent material for treating antibiotic pollution in the environment., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT)  accumulates in both tumor and adjacent normal tissue due to low selective biodistribution, results in undesirable side effect with limited clinic application. Herein, an intelligent nanoplatform is reported that selectively acts as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in normal tissue but as ROS generator in tumor microenvironment (TME) to differentially control ROS level in tumor and surrounding normal tissue during PDT. By down-regulating the produced ROS with dampened cytokine wave in normal tissue after PDT, the nanoplatform reduces the inflammatory response of normal tissue in PDT, minimizing the side effect and tumor metastasis in PDT. Alternatively, the nanoplatform switches from ROS scavenger to generator through the glutathione (GSH) responsive degradation in TME, which effectively improves the PDT efficacy with reduced GSH level and amplified oxidative stress in tumor. Simultaneously, the released Mn ions provide real-time and in situ signal change of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the reversal process of catalysis activity and achieve accurate tumor diagnosis. This TME-responsive ROS scavenger/generator with activable MRI contrast may provide a new dimension for design of next-generation PDT agents with precise diagnosis, high therapeutic efficacy, and low side effect., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Graphite oxide and its exfoliated counterpart, graphene oxide, are important precursors for the large-scale production of graphene-based materials and many relevant applications. The current batch-style preparation of graphite oxide suffers from safety concern, long reaction time, and nonuniform product quality, due to the large volume of reactors and slow energy exchange. Reaction in microchannels can largely enhance the oxidization efficiency of graphite due to the enhanced mass transfer and extremely quick energy exchange, by which the controllable oxidization of graphite is achieved in ≈2 min. Comprehensive characterizations show that the graphene oxide obtained through the microfluidic strategy has features like those prepared in laboratory beakers and industrial reactors, yet with the higher oxidization degree and more epoxy groups. More importantly, the microfluidic preparation allows for on-line monitoring of the oxidization by Raman spectroscopy, ready for the dynamical control of reaction condition and product quality. The capability of continuous preparation is also demonstrated by showing the assembly of fibers and reduction of graphene oxide in microfluidic channels, and the applicability of graphene oxide prepared from the microfluidic strategy for thermally and electrically conductive films., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) have recently been shown to provide better radiosensitization than solid nanoparticles (NPs) when excited with X-rays. Here, a Monte Carlo simulation of different radiosensitization effects by NPs and nMOFs using a lattice model consisting of 3D arrays of nanoscale secondary building units (SBUs) is reported. The simulation results reveal that lattices outperform solid NPs regardless of radiation sources or particle sizes via enhanced scatterings of photons and electrons within the lattices. Optimum dose enhancement can be achieved by tuning SBU size and inter-SBU distance., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The development of the basic understanding of the charge storage mechanisms in electrodes for energy storage applications needs deep characterization of the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this work, we studied the charge of the double layer capacitance at single layer graphene (SLG) electrode used as a model material, in neat (EMIm-TFSI) and solvated (with acetonitrile) ionic liquid electrodes. The combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements evidence that the presence of solvent drastically increases the charge carrier density at the SLG/ionic liquid interface. The capacitance is thus governed not only by the electronic properties of the graphene, but also by the specific organization of the electrolyte side at the SLG surface originating from the strong interactions existing between the EMIm + cations and SLG surface. EQCM measurements also show that the carbon structure, with the presence of sp 2 carbons, affects the charge storage mechanism by favoring counter-ion adsorption on SLG electrode versus ion exchange mechanism in amorphous porous carbons., (© 2021 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Evaluating the alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) at 50-80 °C required in industry can veritably promote practical applications. Here, the thermally induced complete reconstruction (TICR) of molybdate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pre-catalysts at 51.9 °C and its fundamental mechanism are uncovered. The dynamic reconstruction processes, the real active species, and stereoscopic structural characteristics are identified by in situ low-/high-temperature Raman, ex situ microscopy, and electron tomography. The completely reconstructed (CR) catalyst (denoted as cat.-51.9) is interconnected by thermodynamically stable (oxy)hydroxide nanoparticles, with abundant boundaries and low crystallinity. For alkaline OER, cat.-51.9 exhibits a low overpotential (282.3 mV at 20 mA cm -2 , 25.0 °C) and ultrastable catalysis at 51.9 °C (250 h, with a negligible activity decay of 19.6 µV h -1 ). The experimental observations combined with theoretical analyses confirm the fast catalytic kinetics enabled by the co-effect of boundaries and vacancies. The coupled cat.-51.9 and MoO 2 -Ni hydrogen-evolving arrays provide stable electrolysis operation at 51.9 °C for 220 h. This work uncovers new reconstruction phenomenon of pre-catalysts under realistic conditions and exceptional durability of CR catalysts toward practical high-temperature AWE., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Stimuli-responsive micro/nanostructures that can dynamically and reversibly adapt their configurations according to external stimuli have stimulated a wide scope of engineering applications, ranging from material surface engineering to micromanipulations. However, it remains a challenge to achieve a precise local control of the actuation to realize applications that require heterogeneous and on-demand responses. Here, a new experimental technique is developed for large arrays of hybrid magnetic micropillars and achieve precise local control of actuation using a simple magnetic field. By manipulating the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles within individual elastomer micropillars, a wide range of the magnetomechanical responses from less than 5% to ≈50% for the ratio of the bending deflection to the original length of the pillars is realized. It is demonstrated that the micropillars with different degrees of bending deformation can be configured in any spatial pattern using a photomask-assisted template-casting technique to achieve heterogeneous, site-specific, and programmed bending actuations. This unprecedented local control of the micropillars offers exciting novel applications, as demonstrated here in encryptable surface printing and stamping, direction- and track-programmable microparticle/droplet transport, and smart magnetic micro-tweezers. The hybrid magnetic micropillars reported here provide a versatile prototype for heterogeneous and on-demand actuation using programmable stimuli-responsive micro/nanostructures., (© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) awakes a host innate immune system and reactivates cytotoxic T cells to elicit durable response in some cancer patients. Now, a cationic nanoscale metal-organic framework, W-TBP, is used to facilitate tumor antigen presentation by enabling immunogenic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and promoting the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Comprised of dinuclear W VI secondary building units and photosensitizing 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-benzoato)porphyrin (TBP) ligands, cationic W-TBP mediates PDT to release tumor associated antigens and delivers immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to DCs. The enhanced antigen presentation synergizes with CBI to expand and reinvigorate cytotoxic T cells, leading to superb anticancer efficacy and robust abscopal effects with >97 % tumor regression in a bilateral breast cancer model., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Polymerizing epoxides after cyclic esters remains a major challenge, though their block copolymers have been extensively studied and used for decades. Reported here is a simple catalytic approach based on a metal-free Lewis pair that addresses the challenge. When the Lewis acid is used in excess of a base, selective (transesterification-free) polymerization of epoxides occurs in the presence of esters, while selectivity toward cyclic esters is achieved by an oppositely biased catalyst. Hence, one-pot block copolymerization can be performed in both ester-first and ether-first orders with selectivity being switchable at any stage, yielding ether-ester-type block copolymers with unlimited ordering of sequences as well as widely variable compositions and architectures. The selectivity can also be switched back and forth several times to generate a multiblock copolymer. Experimental and calculational results indicate that the selectivity originates mainly from the state of catalyst-activated hydroxy species., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Despite high-surface area carbons, e.g., graphene-based materials, being investigated as anodes for lithium (Li)-ion batteries, the fundamental mechanism of Li-ion storage on such carbons is insufficiently understood. In this work, the evolution of the electrode/electrolyte interface is probed on a single-layer graphene (SLG) film by performing Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy when the SLG film is electrochemically cycled as the anode in a half cell. The utilization of SLG eliminates the inevitable intercalation of Li ions in graphite or few-layer graphene, which may have complicated the discussion in previous work. Combining the in situ studies with ex situ observations and ab initio simulations, the formation of solid electrolyte interphase and the structural evolution of SLG are discussed when the SLG is biased in an electrolyte. This study provides new insights into the understanding of Li-ion storage on SLG and suggests how high-surface-area carbons could play proper roles in anodes for Li-ion batteries., (© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Although with an extremely high theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g -1 ), the lithium (Li) metal anodes reported so far typically possess capacities of ≤5 mA h cm -2 and cyclable at currents of ≤5 mA cm -2 . In this work, a hierarchal carbon scaffold is designed with the self-growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in nickel-decorated melamine sponges via thermal annealing. It is found that the nitrogen-doped carbon obtained from the melamine sponge, coupled with CNTs, provides an overall strong yet internally flexible host which enables an areal capacity of up to 15 mA h cm -2 cyclable at a charging/discharging current of 15 mA cm -2 as Li metal anodes. Characterizations show that the highly conductive yet uniformly distributed CNTs effectively suppress the local current density, leading to more uniform Li nucleation in Li plating. The flexible CNTs in the stiff scaffold enhance the tolerance to the stress caused by the intrinsic volume variation in Li plating/striping, resulting in the stable cycling performance at high currents. This study provides a potentially scalable and cost-effective strategy for preparation of high-performance Li-metal anodes., (© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Carbon nanomaterials are perceived to be ideally suited candidates for high-end energy applications, owing to their unparalleled advantages including superior electric and thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and high specific surface areas. It has been demonstrated through several research contributions that the electrochemical performance of carbon nanomaterials significantly depends upon their versatile electronic structures and microstructures. These can be precisely tailored by rational defect engineering, heteroatom doping, heterostructure coupling, and pore fabrication, which largely affect the intrinsic nature of active sites and facilitate the ion/electron transfer. Herein, the recent progress in tailoring carbon nanostructures toward high-end electrocatalysis and supercapacitor applications is summarized, with an emphasis on synthesis strategies, advanced characterizations, and specific elucidation of structure-performance relationship. The challenges and opportunities for the rational design and detection of variously tailored carbon nanomaterials that can further improve the fundamental understanding and practical applications in the field of energy storage and conversion are also discussed., (© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

High-performance yet flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) hold great promise as miniaturized power sources for increasing demand of integrated electronic devices. Herein, this study demonstrates a scalable fabrication of multilayered graphene-based MSCs (MG-MSCs), by direct laser writing (DLW) of stacked graphene films made from industry-scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Combining the dry transfer of multilayered CVD graphene films, DLW allows a highly efficient fabrication of large-areal MSCs with exceptional flexibility, diverse planar geometry, and capability of customer-designed integration. The MG-MSCs exhibit simultaneously ultrahigh energy density of 23 mWh cm -3 and power density of 1860 W cm -3 in an ionogel electrolyte. Notably, such MG-MSCs demonstrate an outstanding flexible alternating current line-filtering performance in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/H 2 SO 4 hydrogel electrolyte, indicated by a phase angle of -76.2° at 120 Hz and a resistance-capacitance constant of 0.54 ms, due to the efficient ion transport coupled with the excellent electric conductance of the planar MG microelectrodes. MG-polyaniline (MG-PANI) hybrid MSCs fabricated by DLW of MG-PANI hybrid films show an optimized capacitance of 3.8 mF cm -2 in PVA/H 2 SO 4 hydrogel electrolyte; an integrated device comprising MG-MSCs line filtering, MG-PANI MSCs, and pressure/gas sensors is demonstrated., (© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

We report the rational design of metal-organic layers (MOLs) that are built from [Hf 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (HCO 2 ) 6 ] secondary building units (SBUs) and Ir[bpy(ppy) 2 ] + - or [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ -derived tricarboxylate ligands (Hf-BPY-Ir or Hf-BPY-Ru; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, ppy=2-phenylpyridine) and their applications in X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) of colon cancer. Heavy Hf atoms in the SBUs efficiently absorb X-rays and transfer energy to Ir[bpy(ppy) 2 ] + or [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ moieties to induce PDT by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ability of X-rays to penetrate deeply into tissue and efficient ROS diffusion through ultrathin 2D MOLs (ca. 1.2 nm) enable highly effective X-PDT to afford superb anticancer efficacy., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon is obtained by KOH activation of C 60 in an ammonia atmosphere. As an anode for Li-ion batteries, it shows a reversible capacity of up to ≈1900 mA h g -1 at 100 mA g -1 . Simulations suggest that the superior Li-ion storage may be related to the curvature of the graphenes and the presence of pyrrolic/pyridinic group dopants., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A hierarchical porous carbon is fabricated by introducing a polyurethane sponge to a template graphene oxide into a 3D interconnected structure, while KOH activation generates abundant micropores in its backbone. Supercapacitors assembled with this carbon achieve a high energy density of 89 W h kg(-1) (64 W h L(-1) ) and outstanding power density due to the shortened ion-transport distance in 3D., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

H. Ji, Y. Zhu, and co-workers demonstrate a 3D hierarchically porous carbon by introducing a polyurethane sponge to template graphene oxide into a 3D interconnected structure while KOH activation generates abundant micropores in its backbone. As described on page 5222, a supercapacitor assembled with this carbon material achieves a high energy density of 89 W h kg(-1) (64 W h L(-1) ) and outstanding power density due to its shortened ion transport distance in three dimensions., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

KOH activation of microwave exfoliated graphite oxide (MEGO) is investigated in detail at temperatures of 450-550 °C. Out of the activation temperature range conventionally used for the preparation of activated carbons (>600 °C), the reaction between KOH and MEGO platelets at relatively low temperatures allows one to trace the structural transition from quasi-two-dimensional graphene platelets to three-dimensional porous carbon. In addition, it is found that nanometer-sized pores are created in the graphene platelets at the activation temperature of around 450 °C, leading to a carbon that maintains the platelet-like morphology, yet with a specific surface area much higher than MEGO (e.g., increased from 156 to 937 m(2) g(-1) ). Such a porous yet highly conducting carbon shows a largely enhanced electrochemical activity and thus improved electrochemical performance when being used as electrodes in supercapacitors. A specific capacitance of 265 F g(-1) (185 F cm(-3) ) is obtained at a current density of 1 A g(-1) in 6 m KOH electrolyte, which remains 223 F g(-1) (156 F cm(-3) ) at the current density of 10 A g(-1) ., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The large-scale synthesis of graphene-oxide-like quantum dots (GOLQDs) is reported by oxidizing C(60) molecules using a modified Hummers method with a yield of ≈25 wt% readily achieved. The GOLQDs are highly soluble in water and in addition to hexagons have other carbon rings in the structure. They have an average height of ≈1.2 nm and a diameter distribution of 0.6-2.2 nm after drying on substrates. First-principle calculations indicate that a possible rupturing route may include the insertion of oxygen atoms to CC bonds in the C(60) molecule, followed by rupture of that CC bonds. The GOLQD suspension has a strong photoluminescence (PL) with peak position dependent on excitation wavelength. The PL is related to the size and emissive traps caused by oxygen-containing groups. The GOLQDs also catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with a high selectivity., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)