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Groups of Jungian analysts, which included the present authors, met to discuss four key theoretical concepts, each of which was felt to have problematic aspects if used unquestioningly in contemporary practice. The concepts were: The Primitive, Inner and Outer Worlds, Contrasexuality and Participation Mystique. The discussions were informed by clinical material and specific papers chosen for their critical evaluation of the topic. Four recorded transcripts were made, with permission, for further consideration of the relationship between contemporary Jungian theory and practice using the research method of thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: Work of Analysis, Frames of Reference and Power Dynamics. The authors discuss the themes in relation to the overarching theme of power, understood as operating at conscious and unconscious levels. The artwork "Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View" by Cornelia Parker is used as a metaphor in discussing the dynamic of challenging foundational concepts. The authors suggest that power dynamics are intrinsic in both the difficulty and the benefits of critically evaluating key concepts, binding together the theoretical (what informs us) with the clinical (what we do in the consulting room) as well as blowing apart pre‐conceived notions of what underpins the analyst's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a former work, we introduced a new class of functions, which we call measure pseudo S$$ \mathcal{S} $$‐asymptotically omega periodic functions and give some properties of those functions as the topological properties of the space of such functions, the invariance by translation of this space, and the convolution product in this space. In this paper, we consider the same class of functions and give contributions as the stability by the integral operator; we present some examples and composition results. Then we apply the obtained results to investigate the existence of measure pseudo S$$ \mathcal{S} $$‐asymptotically omega periodic mild solutions for some nonlinear infinite delay integral equations arising in epidemiology; exactly, we consider the nonlinear infinite delay integral equation: x(t)=α(t)x(t−β)+∫−∞ta(t−s)f(s,x(s))ds+g(t,x(t))fort∈ℝ.$$ x(t)=\alpha (t)x\left(t-\beta \right)+{\int}_{-\infty}^ta\left(t-s\right)f\left(s,x(s)\right) ds+g\left(t,x(t)\right)\kern0.5em \mathrm{for}\kern0.4em t\in \mathbb{R}. $$Then we apply these results to a finite delay integral equation when the delay is time dependent x(t)=α(t)x(t−β)+∫t−γ(t)tf(s,x(s))ds+g(t,x(t))fort∈ℝ.$$ x(t)=\alpha (t)x\left(t-\beta \right)+{\int}_{t-\gamma (t)}^tf\left(s,x(s)\right) ds+g\left(t,x(t)\right)\kern0.5em \mathrm{for}\kern0.4em t\in \mathbb{R}. $$ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous and cellular architecture of scaffolds plays a significant role in mechanical strength and bone regeneration during the healing of fractured bones. In this present study, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)‐based gyroid and primitive lattice structures were used to design the cellular porous biomimetic scaffolds with different unit cell sizes (4, 5, and 6). The fused filament fabrication‐based 3D printing technology was used for the fabrication of polylactic acid scaffolds. The surface morphology and mechanical compressive strength of differently structured scaffolds were observed using scanning electron microscopy and a universal testing machine. The unit cell size of 4 showed higher compressive strength in both gyroid and primitive structured scaffolds compared to unit cell sizes 5 and 6. Moreover, the gyroid structured scaffolds have higher compressive strengths as compared to primitive structured scaffolds due to the higher bonding surface area at the intercalated layers of the scaffold. Hence, the mechanical strength of scaffolds can be tailored by varying the unit cell size and cellular structures to avoid stress shielding and ensure implant safety. These TPMS‐based scaffolds are promising and can be used as bone substitute materials in tissue engineering and orthopedic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung's thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post-Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non-racial psyche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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If M is a smooth projective variety whose motive is Kimura finite‐dimensional and for which the standard Lefschetz Conjecture B holds, then the motive of M splits off a primitive motive whose cohomology is the primitive cohomology. Under the same hypotheses on M, let X be a smooth complete intersection of ample divisors within M. Then the motive of X is the sum of a variable and a fixed motive inducing the corresponding splitting in cohomology. I also give variants with group actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steady-state production of all circulating blood cells in the adult ultimately depends on hematopoietic stem cells ( HSCs), which first arise in small numbers beginning at embryonic day (E) 10.5 in large arterial vessels of the murine embryo. However, blood cell synthesis first begins in the yolk sac beginning at E7.25 and consists of two waves of hematopoietic progenitors. The first wave consists of primitive erythroid, megakaryocyte, and macrophage progenitors that rapidly give rise to maturing blood cells of all three lineages. This 'primitive' wave of progenitors is followed by a partially overlapping wave of 'erythro-myeloid progenitors', which contain definitive erythroid, megakaryocyte, macrophage, neutrophil, and mast cell progenitors that seed the fetal liver and jump-start hematopoiesis before the engraftment and expansion of HSCs. These two waves of progenitors that arise in the yolk sac are necessary and even sufficient to sustain the survival of the mouse embryo until birth in the absence of HSCs. They provide key signals to support HSC emergence. Finally, HSC-independent hematopoiesis also provides long-lived tissue-resident macrophage populations that function in multiple adult organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial development has advanced at a varying pace in different parts of the world over the past 200 years. Inhabitants of the most industrially advanced regions have experienced major changes in patterns of antigen exposure to infectious agents and to environmental biologic substances. This article analyzes the major factors that affect the amounts and variety of antigens to which the immune system of a young child is exposed. Depending on individual living environments and lifestyles, the types of antigen exposure of young children are graded into five patterns: 'primitive', 'pre-modern', 'early modern', 'modern', and 'ultramodern'. These patterns represent increasing deviation from the pattern of human immune system exposure to antigens prior to the industrial revolution. This article further discusses how such changes in antigen exposure have affected the immunologic system, especially with regard to the development of total IgE and allergic response-relevant antigen-specific IgE, and how the patterns of antigen exposure are related to the propensity to develop allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy is a recently recognized soft tissue tumor with only a few cases reported. Here, we reported another two cases of the lesion, a 5-month-old boy presenting with a soft tissue mass in the neck region that recurred 2 months later and a 3-day-old girl with a congenital superficial dorsal lumbar mass that extended to the spinal canal 1 month later. They shared similar histological patterns, such as unusual diffuse myxoid background, delicate vascular network, small cystic spaces, low to moderate cellularity, and primitive mesenchymal tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive for vimentin, CD99, CD117 and nestin, negative for myoid, lipoblastic, histiocytic, and neural markers. In conclusion, primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy is a distinctive entity with its own clinical pathological features. Expression of CD99, CD117 and nestin may be consistent with the primitive nature of the tumor and may serve as ancillary markers for differential diagnosis from the other infantile tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the effect intrapartum oxytocin administration can have on Primitive Neonatal Reflexes. The secondary objective was to observe the influence of intrapartum oxytocin may have on breastfeeding. Methods: Twenty healthy primiparae with a single gestation at term were included. To assess Primitive Neonatal Reflexes, video film was taken during an experimental situation designed to elicit Primitive Neonatal Reflexes. Three independent observers blinded to the oxytocin dose that had been administered coded the Primitive Neonatal Reflexes. Data regarding breastfeeding were collected by telephone at 3 months. Results: Medium oxytocin dose was 1931.9 ± 1754.4 mUI. A Kappa index >0.75 was obtained for four Primitive Neonatal Reflexes: swallow, jaw jerk, suck and gazing. A negative association was found between oxytocin dose and sucking (p = 0.03). At 3 months of life, women exclusively breastfeeding (63.1%) had received a significantly lower average dose of oxytocin than those not exclusively breastfeeding (36.8%) (p = 0.04). Conclusion: In this pilot study, intrapartum exogenous oxytocin seems to disturb sucking and breastfeeding duration. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to ascertain whether there could be other effects of intrapartum oxytocin on newborn behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant vacuoles are organelles bound by a single membrane, and involved in various functions such as intracellular digestion, metabolite storage, and secretion. To understand their evolution and fundamental mechanisms, characterization of vacuoles in primitive plants would be invaluable. Algal cells often contain polyphosphate-rich compartments, which are thought to be the counterparts of seed plant vacuoles. Here, we developed a method for isolating these vacuoles from Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and identified their proteins by MALDI TOF-MS. The vacuoles were of unexpectedly high density, and were highly enriched at the boundary between 62 and 80% w/v iodixanol by density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The vacuole-containing fraction was subjected to SDS–PAGE, and a total of 46 proteins were identified, including six lytic enzymes, 13 transporters, six proteins for membrane fusion or vesicle trafficking, five non-lytic enzymes, 13 proteins of unknown function, and three miscellaneous proteins. Fourteen proteins were homologous to known vacuolar or lysosomal proteins from seed plants, yeasts or mammals, suggesting functional and evolutionary relationships between C. merolae vacuoles and these compartments. The vacuolar localization of four novel proteins, namely CMP249C (metallopeptidase), CMJ260C (prenylated Rab receptor), CMS401C (ABC transporter) and CMT369C ( o-methyltransferase), was confirmed by labeling with specific antibodies or transient expression of hemagglutinin-tagged proteins. The results presented here provide insights into the proteome of C. merolae vacuoles and shed light on their functions, as well as indicating new features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly assumed that Jung's view of myth, like his view of everything else, is best understood vis-à-vis Freud's. I argue that Jung in fact positions himself much more broadly, not merely against other psychologists of myth but more fundamentally against non-psychologists altogether. Undeniably, Jung pits his theory against Freud's, but only after pitting both his theory and Freud's against those theories that assume the subject matter of myth to be the external world rather than the human mind and that assume the function of myth to be either the explanation or the description of the external world rather than the expression of the human mind. The theorists whom Jung challenges are called 'nature mythologists', for whom myth is either a literal explanation or a symbolic description of the natural world. Which element of the natural world myth is about varies from nature mythologist to nature mythologist. The two leading nature mythologists, both of whom Jung cites, were Edward Tylor and James Frazer. Their theories epitomize the nineteenth-century approach to myth. For them, myth is the 'primitive' counterpart to science, which is entirely modern. For them, myth and science are incompatible, science is true and myth false, and myth must therefore go when science comes. Jung's rejection of the external world as the referent of myth and of explanation or description of that world as the function of myth epitomizes the twentieth-century response to nineteenth-century theories. For not merely Jung and Freud but also twentieth-century theorists generally, myth is anything but the 'primitive' counterpart to modern science. Consequently, myth and science are not rivals, so that myth need not go when science comes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]