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Purpose Animals Studied Procedures Results Conclusions To determine the load at failure of canine intact cadaveric eyes and to describe the anatomic location and length of the rupture following external compression.Sixty‐six canine cadaveric globes.Globes were subjected to an axial force impacting the cornea or equator using a commercially available mechanical testing unit. Following rupture, eyes were inspected to document the anatomical site and length of rupture.The mean ± SD force necessary to induce scleral rupture was 310 ± 120 N OD and 294 ± 113 N OS. Increasing body weight (OD p = .000015, OS p = .0074) as well as cranial‐to‐caudal (OD p = .000045, OS p = .0075) and medial‐to‐lateral (OD p = .00027, OS p = .0083) globe diameter were associated with a higher force necessary to induce rupture. The median (25%, 75%) length of the scleral rupture was 8.5 (7.0, 11.0) mm OS and 10 (7.0, 12.5) mm OD. The median location was 8.0 (5.0, 10.0) mm posterior to the limbus at the most cranial extent OS and 6.5 (3.3, 10.0) mm OD. Rupture orientation in relation to the limbus was perpendicular (n = 35), parallel (n = 13), or other (n = 16). Globe laterality (i.e., OD or OS), sex, and age did not have a significant influence on the force necessary to induce rupture (p > .05).Following external compression, the canine globe frequently ruptures in a region approximating the equator extending 1 cm posteriorly, which may not be readily apparent on clinical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Results Conclusion To investigate clinical characteristics of postoperative supraciliary effusion (SCE) development following gonioscopy‐assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG).In this prospective and observational study, 64 eyes (64 patients) with PEXG were examined with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) after GATT over a 12‐month follow‐up. Outcomes were surgical success, intraocular pressure (IOP), best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of antiglaucoma medications (AGM) and complications of the SCE (+) group with those of SCE (−) group.SCE was observed in 39 eyes (60.9%) within the first postoperative week. Probability of complete success was significantly higher in the SCE (+) group than in the SCE (−) group (25.6% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.009). IOP was significantly lower at postoperative first day in the SCE (+) group than in the SCE (−) group (p = 0.04), but it was similar thereafter during follow‐up (p > 0.05). Postoperative BCVA did not show significant difference at the end of the follow‐up (p > 0.05). Postoperative number of AGM was found to be significantly lower in the SCE (+) group compared to the SCE (−) group (p < 0.05). A significant IOP rise was observed after SCE resolution (p = 0.002).Presence of SCE accompanied with significantly lower IOP during the early postoperative period after GATT surgery for PEXG. SCE might have a favourable impact on postoperative AGM use. SCE can easily be examined by SD‐OCT, and be used as a prognostic indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cornea is one of the tissues responsible for covering and protecting the inner structures of the eye. Central corneal thickness (CCT) is defined as the distance between the anterior epithelial surface and the posterior surface of the endothelial layer. This parameter plays a very important role regarding intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, evaluation of corneal uniformity, selection of a suitable technique for corneal refractive surgery and the planning of surgical procedures to overcome corneal disease. This comprehensive review elucidates the multifaceted factors influencing the central corneal thickness. Recognising the impact of these factors not only enhances our understanding of corneal dynamics but also contributes significantly to the refinement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in ophthalmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a frequently occurring chorioretinal disease, that is commonly associated with subretinal fluid accumulation in a generally young population. Even though choroidal abnormalities have been found to be of importance, the exact pathogenesis of CSC is still being learned. The origin of pigment epithelial detachments, seen in many CSC patients, is also unclear. Based on the follow‐up of a CSC patient for more than 5 years, we hypothesize that intraocular pressure and, by extension, the pressure gradient across the Bruch's membrane, may be one factor in the pathogenesis of pigment epithelial detachments in CSC, which might very well have implications for the occurrence of and possible ways to prevent subretinal fluid in CSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common causes of blindness on a global scale is glaucoma. There is a strong association between glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Because of this, adequate IOP‐lowering is the most important treatment strategy, mostly through topical eyedrops. Well‐functioning meibomian glands are paramount for maintaining a stable tear film, and their dysfunction is the most common cause of dry eye disease. There is a growing concern that both topical glaucoma medications themselves and their added preservatives damage the meibomian glands, and consequently, the ocular surface. Preserved topical glaucoma medications appear to cause dysfunction and atrophy of the meibomian glands. Upon comparison, preserved formulations caused more symptoms of dry eye, tear film instability, inflammatory changes and meibomian gland dropout than the preservative‐free counterpart. However, although seemingly less detrimental, unpreserved alternatives may diminish glandular efficacy, and, depending on the active ingredient, lead to glandular death. This negatively impacts quality of life, adherence to treatment regimens and prognosis. In this review, we explore the available evidence regarding the effects of IOP‐lowering eye drops on the meibomian glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine vision‐related quality of life (VR‐QoL) and functional and structural parameters associated with VR‐QoL in patients with glaucoma before and 12 months after trabeculectomy. Methods: Fifty‐eight patients undergoing trabeculectomy were included. Participants completed the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25) prior to and 12 months after trabeculectomy. Functional (visual acuity and visual fields) and structural (ganglion cell layer volume) parameters were evaluated for their association with VR‐QoL using multiple linear regression of VFQ‐25 subscale scores. Intraocular pressure and the number of glaucoma medications were also included in the analyses. Results: The VFQ‐25 composite score did not change after trabeculectomy (before: 74.9; 12 months: 74.0; p = 0.512). The subscale mental health had a significantly higher score 12 months after trabeculectomy (before: 65.6; 12 months: 71.4; p = 0.017). The VFQ‐25 scores for general health (before: 68.5; 12 months: 62.5; p = 0.009) and role difficulties (before: 78.9; 12 months: 53.7; p < 0.001) were significantly lower 12 months after trabeculectomy. No functional or structural parameters were associated with VFQ‐25 composite score. Conclusion: Overall, VR‐QoL in glaucoma patients was similar before and after trabeculectomy, reflecting the procedure's stabilizing effect on both objective and subjective visual function. The absence of correlations between VR‐QoL and clinical parameters emphasizes the multifaceted nature of VR‐QoL and highlights the limitations of depending solely on objective clinical metrics to evaluate patients' subjective experiences. Using both objective measures and VR‐QoL, clinicians can better understand the challenges patients face due to glaucoma and trabeculectomy, potentially leading to better solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the association of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum glucose with intraocular pressure (IOP) in a large UK general population. Materials and Methods: Participants were selected from the UK Biobank, excluding those with eye conditions that may affect IOP. IOP was measured using an ocular response analyser. Goldmann‐correlated IOP (IOPg) and corneal‐compensated IOP (IOPcc) were outcomes of interest, and ocular hypertension was defined as left‐eye IOPg or IOPcc > 21 mmHg. HbA1c and random (non‐fasting) serum glucose were the exposures of interest. Multivariate restricted cubic spline models, as well as linear regression, were applied to explore the associations of interest. Results: Among 68 806 participants (46.5% male), the mean age was 56.7 years. The mean (standard deviation) for IOPg was 15.7 (3.6) mmHg and 15.9 (3.6) mmHg for IOPcc. Occular hypertension was prevalent in 8055 participants (11.7%) and 4178 participants (6.1%) had diabetes. Those with diabetes had higher IOP and a higher prevalence of ocular hypertension. After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables, HbA1c was positively associated with IOP in participants with diabetes, but not in those without diabetes. For every 10‐mmol/mol increase in HbA1c, IOPg increased by 0.20 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12, 0.28) and IOPcc by 0.15 mmHg (95% CI 0.07, 0.23); the odds of ocular hypertension was increased by 6% (95% CI 1.00, 1.13) in participants with diabetes. A borderline positive association between serum glucose and IOP was found only in participants without diabetes. Conclusions: Impaired glycaemic control was associated with elevated IOP and a possible risk of ocular hypertension among participants with diabetes but of normal ocular health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions To evaluate and compare the long‐term efficacy of medical treatments for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP), and establish a hierarchical ranking based on their effectiveness. ‘Long‐term’ is defined as a treatment duration of over 12 weeks in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).This systematic review and model‐based network meta‐analysis (MBNMA) collected data of 795 patients with 997 eyes from RCTs. Patients with NTG were selected based on strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, with randomsation procedures and masking as reported in the individual trials. Eight different medications were compared, including prostaglandin analogues, beta‐blockers, brimonidine, unoprostone isopropyl, brovincamine, and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). Notably, PEA is an oral medication, while other drugs are topical agents.Primary outcome is the long‐term efficacy of IOP control across medications with different follow‐up durations. Among the eight medications, PEA demonstrates the highest efficacy (Surface under the cumulative ranking, SUCRA = 7.46%), followed by two prostaglandin analogues: travoprost (SUCRA = 6.86%) and latanoprost (SUCRA = 6.76%), then two beta‐blockers: nipradilol (SUCRA = 4.90%) and timolol (SUCRA = 4.89%). Both brimonidine and unoprostone isopropyl have SUCRA scores below 4.0%, indicating modest but limited efficacy. Brovincamine has the lowest SUCRA score (1.32%), reflecting minimal effectiveness.This study revealed PEA as a promising agent for long‐term IOP control in NTG patients, suggesting potential use as primary or adjunctive therapy. The outcomes call for PEA's consideration in clinical practice and highlight the need for further research into its long‐term efficacy and safety for NTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Observational studies suggest that antidiabetic drugs may lower POAG risk; while the causal relationship remains unclear. Naturally occurring variation in genes encoding antidiabetics drug targets can be used as proxies to investigate long‐term therapeutic effect of these drugs on POAG risk. Methods: We performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study to evaluate the potential effect of antidiabetic drug targets on POAG in Europeans and East Asians. To proxy antidiabetic drugs (ABCC8, PPARG, GLP1R, SLC5A2), we leveraged genetic variants located near or within drug target genes that were associated with HbA1c. The validity of our ancestry‐specific genetic instrument was checked with multipul positive control outcomes. Genetic summary statistics of POAG from the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium, Global Biobank Meta‐analysis Initiative, and FinnGen consortia were analyzed for Europeans (38,164 cases and 1,576,179 controls) and East Asians (16,650 cases and 288,833 controls) separately. Inverse‐variance weighted random‐effects models were used as primary method. Results: MR results provided consistent evidence of a protective effect of ABCC8 inhibition on POAG using data sets from IGG, GBMI, and FinnGen. Genetically predicted one‐standard deviation reduction in HbA1c from ABCC8 inhibition were significant associated with lower risk of POAG in Europeans (OR = 0.211, 95% CI: 0.133–0.333; p < 0.001) and East Asians (OR = 0.070, 95% CI: 0.011–0.459; p = 0.0056). The association between genetically predicted ABCC8 inhibition and risk of POAG was mainly mediated through intraocular pressure. No association was found for PPARG, SLC5A2, or GLP1R. Sensitivity analyses supported this observation. Conclusions: We found a protective effect of genetically proxied ABCC8 inhibition on POAG risk in both Europeans and East Asians, highlighting ABCC8 as a promising candidate drug target for POAG, and mechanisms underlying the protective effect should also be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevention of blindness from glaucoma requires multiple treatments to lower intraocular pressure. Here, human contact lenses are modified with highly porous metal‐organic frameworks with sustained release of brimonidine for prolonged glaucoma treatment. Various metal‐organic frameworks were screened for their attachment to lenses, loading with brimonidine, and drug‐release properties. Optimized therapeutic ocular lenses conjugated with MIL‐101(Cr) frameworks maintain optical transparency and power. Coating of lenses with MIL‐101(Cr) nanoparticles reduced brimonidine washout with tears and ensured a gradual and localized release of the drug into the eyeball through the cornea. The hybrid lenses provided a 4.5‐fold better decrease in eye pressure, compared by area under the curve (AUC) value to a commercially available brimonidine tartrate solution. Therapeutic lenses did not induce any notable eye irritation or corneal damage in vivo. The newly developed hybrid lenses are expected to provide a robust platform for the therapy and prevention of various ocular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Results Conclusion To examine the effectiveness and identify clinical response predictors of a short corticosteroid‐based regimen consisting of topical preservative‐free 0.1% dexamethasone (Monopex®, Théa Laboratories) in conjunction with artificial tears (AT) for dry eyes in a real‐life clinical setting.Patients were recruited from the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic and were allowed to use ATs of their own choice in addition to the prescribed 14‐day topical dexamethasone course. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ‐5), Schirmer test (ST), fluorescein tear film break‐up time (FBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS), meibum expressibility (ME), meibum quality (MQ), number of expressible meibomian glands among the central eight glands in the lower lids (NMG) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured at baseline and at 1‐month follow‐up. The average values of clinical parameters from both eyes were used for analyses. A paired t‐test and a significance value of p < 0.05 were used for statistical analyses. Associations between sex, age, baseline values and the changes after the intervention (Δ) were explored using linear regression.A total of 167 patients (124 women, mean age 54 years ±17 (standard deviation)) were included. One month after initiation of intervention, OSDI and DEQ5 scores improved from 39.5 ± 22.1 to 31.4 ± 21.3 (p < 0.001) and from 12.6 ± 4.2 to 11.0 ± 4.6 (p < 0.001), respectively. OSS improved from 2.2 ± 1.4 to 1.8 ± 1.5 (p < 0.001), NMG increased from 4.8 ± 2.2 to 5.1 ± 2.2 (p < 0.05), while IOP decreased from 12.9 ± 3.3 to 12.4 ± 3.5 mmHg (p < 0.05). Significant associations were found between the change in symptoms and objective measures of DED (ΔOSDI, ΔDEQ5, ΔOSS, ΔFBUT, ΔNMG, ΔMQ) and their respective baseline values (OSDI, DEQ5, OSS, FBUT, NMG, MQ). The remaining tests did not show statistically significant changes.Improvement in dry eye symptoms and signs were observed following a short course of topical, preservative‐free 0.1% dexamethasone treatment in combination with AT. Individuals exhibiting more pronounced symptoms and signs witnessed the most profound improvements with the treatment regimen, suggesting that poor baseline parameters may serve as response predictors of the treatment regimen. While the real‐life data presented herein are valuable, the conclusions are limited by the inherent biases of a non‐controlled study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animals Studied Procedures Results Conclusions To evaluate the effects of topical application of 0.5% tropicamide and 1% atropine on pupil diameter (PD), intraocular pressure (IOP), and tear production (TP) in healthy pet rabbits.Ten healthy client‐owned rabbits.A prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study was conducted. Each animal received one drop of 0.5% tropicamide or 1% atropine in a randomly selected eye. PD, IOP, and TP were evaluated before drug instillation and at 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 0.75 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, and 72 h post‐instillation. Data were analyzed using a paired two‐sample repeated measures T‐test with Bonferroni correction.In both tropicamide and atropine treated eyes, the mean PD significantly increased from 15 min until 12 h after treatment with a maximum PD at 45 min (+2.7 mm and + 2.4 mm respectively). Following tropicamide and atropine instillation, IOP increased significantly in treated eyes at 45 min (+2.9 mmHg) and 15 min (+5.2 mmHg) respectively, compared to untreated eyes. No significant effects were found on TP, in both tropicamide and atropine treated eyes at any time. No effects were observed in the untreated eyes on any of the parameters evaluated for both drugs.Topical treatment with 0.5% tropicamide and 1% atropine induced mydriasis in healthy pet rabbits and could be considered as effective options when mydriatic/cycloplegic drugs are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions This study aims to characterize the clinical outcomes after allogeneic simple limbal epithelial transplantation (alloSLET) utilizing tissue from cadaveric donor eyes to address persistent corneal epithelial defects caused by limbal stem cell deficiency.We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records from 20 patients, encompassing 24 eyes, who underwent alloSLET at least 2 years prior. The primary endpoint was the achievement of complete epithelialization of the corneal surface by corneal epithelium. Secondary endpoints included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and postoperative adverse events.The median postoperative follow‐up period was 36 months (range, 24–74 months). At 1, 3 and 6 months post‐surgery, 96% of eyes demonstrated epithelialized corneal surfaces, which declined to 71% at 12 months, to 54% at 24 and 36 months after surgery, and to 50% thereafter. There were no significant differences in graft survival between alloSLET performed alone versus in combination with penetrating keratoplasty. However, instances of graft failure were associated with postoperative elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and a history of multiple amniotic membrane and corneal graft transplants.AlloSLET emerges as a viable mid‐term intervention for limbal stem cell deficiency‐associated non‐healing corneal epithelial defects in the absence of autologous limbal tissue. Our findings underscore the increased risk of graft failure in patients with elevated IOP and a background of multiple previous amniotic membrane and corneal graft procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animal Studied Procedures Results Conclusions To evaluate whether intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection is effective in regulating posterior capsular opacification (PCO), fibrin formation and intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery.Prospective study involving 30 eyes of 21 dogs that underwent phacoemulsification.Thirty eyes were randomly divided into two groups of 15 eyes (control and tPA groups). Intracameral tPA (25 μg/0.1 mL) was injected into tPA group eyes before corneal incision closure but not into the eyes of the control group. The grades of anterior fibrin formation and PCO were compared based on slit lamp biomicroscope examination at 1 and 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2–3 months postoperatively. IOP was measured using applanation tonometry every 30 min for 4 h immediately after operation and on the following morning. The IOP of the two groups at each time was compared.The grade of anterior fibrin formation and that of PCO were not significantly different between the two groups at any time point (p > .05). However, the IOP of the tPA group was significantly lower than that of the control group at each point on the day of surgery (p < .05). No complications were observed with tPA injection, except for temporary hyphema (for 3 days) in one eye.Although the intracameral tPA injection did not affect anterior fibrin formation and PCO, it effectively maintained normal IOP immediately after phacoemulsification. Thus, our findings provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of intracameral tPA injection in achieving immediate IOP control after phacoemulsification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animals Studied Procedure(s) Results Conclusions The aim of this study was to detect and describe ocular abnormalities in a population of Turkmen horses.A total of 55 Turkmen horses (33 mares and 22 stallions) from one herd were evaluated in this study.Demographic data (Age, Sex, Coat color) were recorded. All animals underwent complete ophthalmic examination. The Schirmer tear test ‐I (STT‐I) was performed for all horses prior to other diagnostic tests. Neuro‐ophthalmic examinations (menace response, dazzle reflex, pupillary light reflex, maze test, and visual tracking) were carried out in different lighting situations (bright and dim lights). Slit lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein staining, and tonometry were performed for each horse.The mean (standard deviation) age of horses was 5.7 (4.6) years (range of 1–17 years). In total, 18 horses (32.7%) had ocular‐related lesions. Cataract, iris hyperpigmentation and corneal edema were the most identified conditions in the horses of this study.About one‐third of studied horses had at least one ocular abnormality. No ocular abnormalities attributed to the distinct cream/gold coat color were identified, which the Turkmen horse is known for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Results Conclusion Prospective investigation to determine the prevalence of ocular melanosis in adult Cairn Terriers within the United Kingdom using a previously established staging scheme.Ophthalmic assessment was performed on adult Cairn Terriers, recruited from various geographic locations within the United Kingdom. Examination included gonioscopy, rebound tonometry, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, performed by one examiner (AM).A total of 93 dogs were examined, including 52 females and 41 males, aged between 15 months and 16 years 4 months. Sixty of 93 dogs (64.5%) were >7 years of age. Nine of 93 dogs (9.6%) demonstrated changes consistent with ocular melanosis. Four of 9 (44.4%) had Stage 1 disease and 5 of 9 (55.6%), Stage 2. Stages 3 or 4 were not identified in any dogs. Mean intraocular pressures in affected and unaffected dogs were 14.7 mmHg (range 12–17 mmHg) and 12.8 mmHg (range 5–21 mmHg), respectively. Incomplete pupil dilation was noted in affected dogs following pharmacologic mydriasis.Ocular melanosis was identified in approximately 10% of examined dogs, over half were dogs of breeding age (<7 years of age). It is possible that Grade 1 disease could go undetected, prior to obvious scleral pigment accumulation (Grade 2 disease). It is therefore recommended that dogs undergoing pre‐breeding screens have pre‐dilation assessment of the anterior segment using slit lamp biomicroscopy with subsequent gonioscopy to clearly assess for circumferential thickening of the iris base that might otherwise go undetected. Additionally, regular reassessment of breeding dogs is advised as disease progression could be rapid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This systematic review and meta‐analysis quantitatively examines the efficacy of angle‐based minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods: A literature search was performed on Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from inception until 20 December 2022. Pilot, cohort, observational studies and randomised controlled trials including at least 5 subjects undergoing angle‐based MIGS (trabecular‐bypass devices, excisional trabeculotomy, goniotomy and ab‐interno canaloplasty) for NTG, with or without cataract surgery, were included. Meta‐analysis of continuous outcome using the meta routine in R version 2022.12.0+353 was performed to determine mean intraocular pressure (IOP) and anti‐glaucoma medication (AGM) reduction post‐operatively. Results: Of the 846 studies initially identified, 15 studies with a pooled total of 367 eyes which underwent combined phacoemulsification and angle‐based MIGS were included for final meta‐analysis. Outcomes of the iStent were reported in 5 studies, iStent inject in 7 studies, Hydrus Microstent in 1 study, Kahook Dual Blade in 3 studies, and Trabectome in 2 studies. There was significant reduction in both IOP and AGM post‐operatively at 6 months (2.44 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.83–3.06; 1.21 AGM, 95%CI: 0.99–1.44), 12 months (2.28 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.71–2.84; 1.18 AGM, 95%CI: 0.90–1.47), 24 months (2.10 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.51–2.68; 1.26 AGM, 95%CI: 0.85–1.68) and 36 months (2.43 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.71–3.15, 0.87 AGM, 95%CI: 0.21–1.53) (all p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis on combined phacoemulsification‐iStent inject surgery demonstrated a reduction in both IOP (2.31 mmHg, 95%CI: 1.07–3.56, p < 0.001) and AGM (1.07 AGM, 95%CI: 0.86–1.29, p < 0.001) at 12 months post‐operatively. Conclusions: Angle‐based MIGS combined with phacoemulsification effectively reduces IOP and AGM in NTG eyes for up to 36 months after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters between eyes with unilateral primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and their fellow eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle closure suspect (PACS). Methods: Subjects underwent anterior segment imaging using 360‐degree swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT, CASIA Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) and ocular investigations including gonioscopy and IOP measurement. Each SS‐OCT scan (divided into 8 frames, 22.5 degrees apart) was analysed and an average was obtained for the following anterior segment parameters: iridotrabecular contact (ITC), angle opening distance (AOD750), iris thickness and curvature, anterior chamber width, depth and area (ACW, ACD and ACA) and lens vault (LV). Results: Among 132 unilateral PACG subjects (mean age: 62.91 ± 7.2 years; 59.1% male), eyes with PACG had significantly higher presenting IOP (24.81 ± 0.94 vs. 18.43 ± 0.57 mmHg, p < 0.001), smaller gonioscopic Shaffer grade (2.07 ± 0.07 vs. 2.31 ± 0.07, p < 0.001) and a greater extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS, 1.21 ± 0.21 vs. 0.54 ± 0.16 clock hours, p = 0.001). PACG eyes also exhibited increased ITC, ITC area, greater LV and smaller AOD750, ACD and ACA (all p < 0.05). Using the forward stepwise regression model, an increase in 1 mmHg in presenting IOP before laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) increases the odds of having PACG by 9% (95% confidence interval 5%–14%). Conclusions: PACG eyes have higher presenting IOP, smaller anterior segment parameters, greater extent of PAS, and larger LV compared to their fellow eyes with angle closure. Narrower anterior chamber dimensions and higher presenting IOP before LPI may increase risk of chronic elevated IOP and glaucomatous optic neuropathy after LPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of implantation of a XEN45 Gel Stent with the outcome of implantation of a Preserflo MicroShunt in a matched‐pair analysis in eyes being naïve to filtering surgery. Methods: In this comparative, retrospective study, 50 eyes that had undergone XEN45 Gel Stent implantation were compared with 50 eyes after Preserflo implantation. Follow‐up was at least 6 months, and surgical success was measured by criteria A (IOP < 21 mmHg, IOP reduction >20%, no repeat surgery); criteria B (IOP < 18 mmHg, IOP reduction >20%, no repeat surgery); and criteria C (IOP ≤15 mmHg, IOP reduction ≥40%, no repeat surgery). Results: After a follow‐up period of 12 months, mean IOP had decreased from preoperative 25.2 ± 4.8 mmHg in the XEN group to 14.5 ± 4.0 (n = 35) and from 25.3 ± 6.8 mmHg to 11.9 ± 2.9 (n = 41) in the Preserflo group, respectively. The IOP at the last follow‐up of the two groups differed significantly (p < 0.01). The probability of surgical success did not differ concerning Criteria A and B, but surgical success was significantly higher in the Preserflo group for Criteria C (60%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both the Preserflo and XEN45 Gel Stent provide an effective and safe treatment option for advanced glaucoma and have a high potential to reduce intraocular pressure. Absolute IOP levels of <16 mmHg after 12 months were significantly more frequent in the Preserflo group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess intra‐ (repeatability) and inter‐observer (reproducibility) variability of laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) for retinal blood flow (RBF) measurement in 20 eyes of wild type (C57BL/6J) mice and effect of intravitreal Aflibercept on RBF in optic nerve head (ONH) region of 10 eyes of Ins2 (Akita) diabetic mice. Methods: 'Mean blur rate (MBR)' was measured for all quadrants of tissue area (MT), vessel (MV) and total area (MA) of ONH region. Changes in MT were analysed at each timepoint. Repeatability was evaluated by measuring MBR variability without changing mouse head position, and reproducibility after resetting mouse head position by another operator. Coefficient of repeatability (CR) through Bland–Altman plot method coefficient of variation (COV) and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Intravitreal Aflibercept (1 μg) was administered to Akita eyes and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a tonometer at baseline, day 7, 14, 21 and 28 post‐injection. Hurvich and Tsai's criterion was used. Results: Coefficient of repeatability values of repeatability and reproducibility for all quadrants were within limits of agreement. Reliability was excellent (ICC 0.98–0.99) and reproducibility was moderate to excellent (ICC 0.64–0.96). There was a non‐significant IOP increase in all Akita eyes at Day 28 (p > 0.05), and significant increase in MT in all quadrants at Day 21 and superior, inferior and temporal quadrants at Day 28 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Laser speckle flowgraphy demonstrates excellent repeatability and moderate to excellent reproducibility in measuring RBF. Intravitreal Aflibercept injection results in a significant increase in MT up to 28 days post‐injection without significant increase in IOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To estimate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) during the first 24 h after transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TCP). Methods: A prospective single‐centre study, where patients with glaucoma destined for treatment with TCP were asked for participation. The IOP was measured prior to TCP and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post‐TCP. An IOP spike was defined as an elevation of IOP of ≥5 mmHg compared with baseline. The visual acuity (VA) was examined at baseline and after 24 h. Results: The mean IOP prior to TCP in 58 eyes of 58 patients was 26.2 (±8.9 SD) mmHg. Twenty‐three eyes (40%) experienced an IOP spike at some examination timepoint during the first 24 h. The mean value of the IOP spike was 12.1 (±6.9) mmHg. Fifty‐six per cent of the eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) experienced an IOP spike, and 16% had an IOP spike ≥20 mmHg. The IOP was significantly reduced at the 24 h examination by 8.1 (±7.8) mmHg (n = 58). The VA 24 h after TCP was unchanged compared with baseline. Conclusion: Clinically significant IOP spikes were common in the first 24 h post‐TCP. Almost one in five eyes had an increase of 10 mmHg and in almost one in 10 eyes, the IOP increase was 20 mmHg or higher. Eyes with PEXG had a higher occurrence of IOP spikes and displayed a greater magnitude of IOP elevation. Prophylactic post‐operative IOP‐lowering medication should be considered to prevent further glaucoma damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Animals and Procedures Results Conclusions Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is essential for managing glaucoma, requiring tonometry. Local anesthesia is typically used, but nerve blocks may be needed for blepharospasm. This study investigated the efficacy of auriculopalpebral nerve block with lidocaine in achieving eyelid akinesia and its influence on IOP in dogs.In a randomized, blinded trial, 12 healthy adult mixed‐breed dogs (24 eyes) received either auriculopalpebral nerve block with 2% lidocaine (n = 12 eyes) or no block (n = 12 eyes). Tetracaine drops were used for topical anesthesia in half of blocked/non‐blocked eyes, and the rest of the eyes got artificial tears as control. The impact of nerve block was evaluated through assessments of menace response, palpebral reflex, and IOP before the block, after drop instillation, and at 15‐min intervals until block dissipation.Auriculopalpebral nerve block provided effective eyelid akinesia in 58.5% (7/12 eyes) at 15 min, reaching 91.7% (11/12 eyes) at 30 min, indicating peak efficacy. Subsequently, the block gradually diminished, with 66.7% (8/12 eyes) and 33.3% (4/12 eyes) maintaining akinesia at 45 and 60 min, respectively. Importantly, neither auriculopalpebral nerve block nor tetracaine administration significantly affected IOP measurements (p > .05).Auriculopalpebral nerve block using lidocaine demonstrated efficient eyelid akinesia, peaking at 30 min postinjection. This technique proved to be safe with no notable alterations in IOP, suggesting its potential utility in canine ophthalmology for procedures requiring eyelid akinesia, particularly in the management of glaucoma where maintaining accurate IOP measurements is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Procedures Results Conclusions Investigate the tolerance, stability, and efficacy of topical 0.1% and 1% atropine in cats.Six cats underwent two trials separated by a 2‐week washout period. One drop of artificial tears was placed in one randomly selected eye (control), and one drop of either 0.1% atropine (Trial I) or 1% atropine (Trial II) was placed in the other eye. Immediate adverse effects were recorded for severity (0–3) and duration (seconds). Horizontal pupil diameter (HPD), pupillary light reflexes (PLRs), intraocular pressure (IOP), Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1), and heart rate (HR) were monitored at baseline then 8 h post‐administration. PLRs were assessed for a total of 72 h. Stability was assessed weekly for 1 month in room temperature and refrigerated conditions, evaluating solution clarity, pH, and drug concentrations.Adverse effects had a significantly lower severity score and shorter duration with 0.1% versus 1% atropine (severity 1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5, p = .010; duration 107.5 ± 53.3 vs. 293.3 ± 106.5 s, p = .009). HPD was significantly greater than baseline measurements as early as 40 min for both atropine formulations. Pupils were non‐responsive for a significantly shorter duration with 0.1% versus 1% atropine (median 7 h vs. 47.5 h, p = .031). Compared with control eyes, IOP was significantly elevated by 1% atropine (p = .021) but not 0.1% atropine (p = .502). No significant differences were noted in STT‐1 and HR measurements. Both solutions were stable in room temperature and refrigerated conditions for 1 month.Diluted 0.1% atropine was stable and better tolerated by cats, offering a potential alternative to feline patients that experience adverse effects from topical 1% atropine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient topical drug delivery remains a significant challenge in glaucoma management. Although nanoparticle formulations offer considerable promise, their complex preparation processes, co‐delivery issues, and batch consistency have hindered their potential. A scalable fabrication strategy is developed here for preparing solid drug nanoparticles (SDNs) with enhanced drug delivery efficiency. Utilizing hydrophobic antiglaucoma drugs brimonidine (BM) and betaxolol (BX), uniform fixed combination BM/BX SDNs are fabricated through a continuous process, improving batch‐to‐batch consistency for combined glaucoma treatment. With trehalose being used as a lyoprotectant, BM/BX SDNs can be stored as dry powder and easily reconstituted in phosphate buffered saline. Importantly, reconstituted BM/BX SDNs form clear, homogenous solutions, and exhibit negligible cytotoxicity and irritation, making them well‐suited for topical administration as eyedrops. Ex vivo and in vivo studies demonstrated that topically applied BM/BX SDNs permeate through the cornea significantly (about two fold to three fold) compared to their hydrophilic counterparts, i.e., brimonidine tartrate, and betaxolol hydrogen chloride. Notably, BM/BX SDNs displayed consistent intraocular pressure lowering effects in vivo in both normotensive rats and glaucoma mice. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of the scalable fabrication strategy and the resultant BM/BX SDNs for improving glaucoma management through eyedrops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Setting Design Methods Results Conclusions To report the 2‐year efficacy and safety of penetrating canaloplasty versus ab externo canaloplasty for the treatment of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG).A single surgical site in China.This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. POAG patients were randomly assigned to the penetrating canaloplasty or ab externo canaloplasty group.This study enrolled POAG patients who underwent penetrating canaloplasty or ab externo canaloplasty randomly. Surgical success, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and surgical complications were evaluated until 24 months post‐operatively. Surgical success was defined as 6 mmHg ≤ IOP ≤21 mmHg with an IOP reduction ≥20%, which included qualified success (with or without medications) and complete success (without medications).A total of 52 eyes (45 patients) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the penetrating canaloplasty group (PCP, n = 26) or the ab externo canaloplasty group (CP, n = 26). The probabilities of qualified success and complete success were 92.3% and 76.9%, respectively, in the PCP group and 64.1% and 52.1%, respectively, in the CP group at 24 months (p = 0.013, p = 0.042, log‐rank test). The mean IOP decreased from 30.8 ± 10.7 and 28.6 ± 11.8 mmHg to 14.1 ± 3.3 mmHg in the PCP group and 22.1 ± 13.6 mmHg in the CP group at year two (p = 0.007). The PCP group also received fewer medications (0.2 ± 0.5) than did the CP group (0.7 ± 1.2) at year two (p = 0.038). Post‐operative complications were similar, and the most common complications were transient IOP elevation and hyphema in the PCP group (42.3%, 46.2%) and the CP group (38.5%, 23.1%) (p > 0.05).Compared to ab externo canaloplasty, penetrating canaloplasty had a greater surgical success rate and better IOP reduction with a comparable rate of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine complications, visual outcomes, photic patient‐reported symptoms, corneal morphology, IOL tilt, and intraocular pressure after implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) and iris prosthesis (IP) following iridocyclectomy. Methods: Patients with previous iridocyclectomy treated with an IOL and IP at the Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet between 2007 and 2018 were included in this national retrospective non‐comparative case series. The assessment encompassed BCVA, PRO questionnaire, corneal topography, and anterior segment OCT. Results: 45 patients were included. Eight of 45 patients were previously treated with ruthenium‐106 brachytherapy in conjunction with iridocyclectomy. Six of 45 patients developed endothelial dysfunction four of whom had received ruthenium‐106 brachytherapy. Five of 45 patients had subluxation of the IOL/IP complex due to incomplete zonula apparatus. BCVA improved for all patients after lens surgery. 26 patients participated in the invited follow‐up examination. 19 of 26 (73%) reported none or mild photic symptoms after IP instalment. Five (19%) reported ongoing severe photic symptoms. The corneal astigmatism significantly increased after iridocyclectomy but did not change after lens surgery. Conclusions: Implantation of an IOL and IP is a safe procedure, alleviating photic symptoms in most patients. It comes with higher risk of complications due to a more demanding procedure and larger surgical traumas from previous treatments. Ruthenium‐106 brachytherapy increases the complication risk. Corneal astigmatism is induced by iridocyclectomy but does not change after lens surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bleb failure is a common complication after glaucoma filtration surgery. Different bleb classification schemes incorporating filtration bleb vascularization have been proposed, but the reported correlation with intraocular pressure (IOP) has been variable, possibly because of subjective vascularization grading. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate bleb vascularization after Preserflo Microshunt (PM) implantation using anterior segment OCT‐angiography (AS‐OCTA) as a biomarker for bleb failure. Methods: Twenty‐three eyes of twenty‐three patients underwent PM implantation. Up to 12 months after surgery PM scleral passage‐centred AS‐OCTA measurements (PLEX Elite 9000) for bleb‐vessel density (BVD) determination were performed and IOP as well as necessity for surgical revisions (needling and open revision) were documented. After multi‐step image analysis (region of interest definition, artefact removal, binarization, BVD calculation), the predictive value of early postoperative BVD for surgical revisions was assessed using logistic regression modelling. Results: Baseline IOP (23.57 ± 7.75 mmHg) decreased significantly to 8.30 ± 2.12, 9.17 ± 2.33 and 11.70 ± 4.40 mmHg after 1, 2 and 4 week(s), and 13.48 ± 5.83, 11.87 ± 4.49, 12.30 ± 6.65, 11.87 ± 3.11 and 13.05 ± 4.12 mmHg after 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month(s), respectively (p < 0.001). Nine patients (39%) needed surgical revisions after a median time of 2 months. Bleb vessel densities at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly associated with future surgical revisions upon logistic regression analysis (2 W/4 W likelihood‐ratio test p‐value: 0.0244/0.0098; 2 W/4 W area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.796/0.909). Conclusion: Filtration bleb vessel density can be determined using AS‐OCTA in the early postoperative period and is predictive for bleb failure after PM implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The brain and eye share many characteristics, so the eye may provide an easy‐access window on brain processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the link between glaucoma as well as intraocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering drops load and all‐cause dementia. Methods: This was a nested case‐control study based on the French national healthcare database from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2018in individuals aged ≥60 years. We compared cases of incident all‐cause dementia with 1:5 controls matched by date of case diagnosis (index date), age, sex, and income. We set a 5‐year exposure to glaucoma period ending 2 years before the index date (lag‐time period to avoid protopathic bias). The main outcome was glaucoma defined with hospitalization related to POAG and/or dispensations of IOP‐lowering drops. The secondary outcome was the IOP‐lowering drops load. Results: In total, 4810 incident all‐cause dementia and 24 050 matched controls were analysed (median [IQR] age 82 [10] years; 66.6% women). The prevalence of glaucoma was 14.0% in controls and cases. Risk of all‐cause dementia was not associated with glaucoma (crude OR, 1.02; 95% CI [0.93–1.11]; p = 0.7; adjusted OR, 0.99; 95% CI [0.91–1.09]; p = 0.9) or IOP‐lowering drops load (p = 0.2). Conclusion: The present study in general population ≥60 years old in France did not find any association between glaucoma and incident all‐cause dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corneal diseases are a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness. The first‐line treatment for corneal opacity is penetrating keratoplasty (human donor cornea transplantation). At present, keratoprosthesis (KPro), an artificial cornea, is the last resort for correcting end‐stage corneal blindness and is usually supported by donor tissue. This article describes a new intralamellar tissue‐free KPro design concept and its preparation method. Wherein, an injection‐molding route is adopted to create a mechanically and structurally stable near‐KPro geometry using a photo‐polymerized poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) with 4% Bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisMA) crosslinked (PC4) hydrogel composition. Prior to this, the physico‐mechanical properties of crosslinked hydrogels matching corneal tissue are identified, and the surface morphological characteristics of silk cocoon membranes are ascertained in choosing suitable KPro materials. Cytocompatibility tests on PC4 and silk‐incorporated PC4 hydrogels using rabbit corneal fibroblast cell‐line evidenced enhancement in cell growth on silk‐PC4 surfaces. Furthermore, near KPro geometry is surface‐profiled to create a one‐of‐a‐kind design with clear optics and a silk‐bioactivated composite‐based haptic‐flange hydrogel network containing site‐specific submillimeter‐scale perforations to improve tissue integration. Considering this unique KPro geometry, the optic‐haptic‐flange construct is a tissue‐free semi‐bioresorbable hydrogel device presumed to provide stability under the influence of intraocular pressure (IOP) and eyelid shear. Through this study, it is identified new KPro materials facilitate significant cytocompatibility while complimented with site‐specific novel design would offer tissue ingrowth with gradual resorption of silk, leaving behind a stable intralamellar tissue integrated with hydrogel when implanted in the corneal niche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Design Methods Results Conclusion To characterise the retinal vasculometry of a Danish eye and vision cohort and examine associations with systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean arterial BP, and intraocular pressure (IOP).Longitudinal study.The retinal vasculature of fundus images from the FOREVER (Finding Ophthalmic Risks and Evaluating the Value of Eye exams and their predictive Reliability) cohort was analysed using a fully automated image analysis program. Longitudinal associations of retinal vessel morphology at follow‐up visit with IOP (baseline and follow‐up) and BP (follow‐up) were examined using multilevel linear regression models adjusting for age, sex and retinal vasculometry at baseline as fixed effects and person as random effect. Width measurements were additionally adjusted for the spherical equivalent.A total of 2089 subjects (62% female) with a mean age of 61 (standard deviation 8) years and a mean follow‐up period of 4.1 years (SD 0.6 years) were included. The mean arteriolar diameter was approximately 20% thinner than the mean venular diameter, and venules were about 21%–23% less tortuous than arterioles. BP at follow‐up was associated with decreased arteriolar diameter from baseline to follow‐up. After adjusting for baseline IOP, IOP at follow‐up was associated with increased arteriolar tortuosity above baseline (0.59%, 95% CI 0.08–1.10, p‐value 0.024).In a Danish eye and vision cohort, variations in BP and alterations in IOP over time were associated with changes in the width and tortuosity of retinal vessels. Our findings contribute novel insights into retinal vascular alterations over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions A high‐frequency point‐of‐care (POC) ultrasound instrument was used to evaluate the microstructural and biomechanical properties of the anterior sclera in vivo using parameters computed from quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods.In this cross‐sectional study, both eyes of 85 enrolled patients were scanned with the POC instrument and ultrasound data were processed to obtain QUS parameters. Pearson correlation and multi‐linear regression were used to identify relationships between QUS parameters and refractive error (RE) or axial length. After categorising eyes based on RE, binary support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were trained using the QUS or ophthalmic parameters (anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, corneal power, and intraocular pressure) to classify each eye. Classifier performance was evaluated by computing the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC).Individual QUS parameters correlated with RE and axial length (p < 0.05). Multi‐linear regression revealed significant correlation between the set of QUS parameters and both RE (R = 0.49, p < 0.001) and axial length (R = 0.46, p = 0.001). Classifiers trained with QUS parameters achieved higher AUC (푝 = 0.06) for identifying myopic eyes (AUC = 0.71) compared to classifiers trained with ophthalmic parameters (AUC = 0.63). QUS‐based classifiers attained the highest AUC when identifying highly myopic eyes (AUC = 0.77).QUS parameters correlate with progressing myopia and may be indicative of myopia‐induced microstructural and biomechanical changes in the anterior sclera. These methods may provide critical clinical information complementary to standard ophthalmic measurements for predicting myopia progression and risk assessment for posterior staphyloma formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are the two primary risk factors for glaucoma, an optic neuropathy that is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. In most people, IOP is tightly regulated over a lifetime by the conventional outflow tissues. However, the mechanistic contributions of age to conventional outflow dysregulation, elevated IOP and glaucoma are unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we studied how age affects the morphology, biomechanical properties and function of conventional outflow tissues in C57BL/6 mice, which have an outflow system similar to humans. As reported in humans, we observed that IOP in mice was maintained within a tight range over their lifespan. Remarkably, despite a constellation of age‐related changes to the conventional outflow tissues that would be expected to hinder aqueous drainage and impair homeostatic function (decreased cellularity, increased pigment accumulation, increased cellular senescence and increased stiffness), outflow facility, a measure of conventional outflow tissue fluid conductivity, was stable with age. We conclude that the murine conventional outflow system has significant functional reserve in healthy eyes. However, these age‐related changes, when combined with other underlying factors, such as genetic susceptibility, are expected to increase risk for ocular hypertension and glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the chronic effects of oral cannabidiol (CBD) use on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP), and concentration of CBD in tears of healthy dogs. Animals Studied: Eighteen healthy research Beagles. Procedures: This was a masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized prospective study. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to three groups (six dogs per group) based on daily dosage of oral MCT oil (placebo), CBD 5 mg/kg, and CBD 10 mg/kg. Schirmer tear test (STT‐1) and IOP were measured twice daily (7 am and 7 pm) every 4 weeks for 36 weeks. Week 36 tears were collected and analyzed for CBD concentrations (ng/mL) using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. A mixed linear model was used as the statistical method and p‐value <.05 was considered significant. Results: No significant differences were found between placebo vs. 5 mg/kg vs. 10 mg/kg for STT‐1 or IOP (AM and PM). CBD was detected in 10 out of 11 (91%) viable tear samples receiving 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg dosages. One sample in the 5 mg/kg group had inadequate tear volume for analysis. The CBD concentration in tears was at or below the lower limit of quantification in placebo group, 4.12–11.2 ng/mL for the 5 mg/kg group, and 6.22–152 ng/mL for the 10 mg/kg group. Conclusions: Long‐term administration of oral CBD in healthy research beagles demonstrates a favorable safety profile regarding ocular tolerability. Oral CBD administration does not appear to affect tear production or IOP over a 36‐week period. This is the first canine study positively identifying concentrations of CBD in tears following oral administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To synthesise evidence across studies on factors associated with pathologic myopia (PM) onset and progression based on the META‐analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META‐PM) classification framework. Methods: Findings from six longitudinal studies (5–18 years) were narratively synthesised and meta‐analysed, using odds ratio (OR) as the common measure of association. All studies adjusted for baseline myopia, age and sex at a minimum. The quality of evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Results: Five out of six studies were conducted in Asia. There was inconclusive evidence of an independent effect (or lack thereof) of ethnicity and sex on PM onset/progression. The odds of PM onset increased with greater axial length (pooled OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.71–2.40; p < 0.001), older age (pooled OR: 1.07; 1.05–1.09; p < 0.001) and more negative spherical equivalent refraction, SER (OR: 0.77; 0.68–0.87; p < 0.001), all of which were supported by an acceptable level of evidence. Fundus tessellation was found to independently increase the odds of PM onset in a population‐based study (OR: 3.02; 2.58–3.53; p < 0.001), although this was only supported by weak evidence. There was acceptable evidence that greater axial length (pooled OR: 1.23; 1.09–1.39; p < 0.001), more negative SER (pooled OR: 0.87; 0.83–0.92; p < 0.001) and higher education level (pooled OR: 3.17; 1.36–7.35; p < 0.01) increased the odds of PM progression. Other baseline factors found to be associated with PM progression but currently supported by weak evidence included age (pooled OR: 1.01), severity of myopic maculopathy (OR: 3.61), intraocular pressure (OR: 1.62) and hypertension (OR: 0.21). Conclusions: Most PM risk/prognostic factors are not supported by an adequate evidence base at present (an indication that PM remains understudied). Current factors for which an acceptable level of evidence exists (limited in number) are unmodifiable in adults and lack personalised information. More longitudinal studies focusing on uncovering modifiable factors and imaging biomarkers are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Research assuming linearity has concluded that corneal biomechanics are compromised in high myopia. We investigated whether this assumption was appropriate and re‐examined these associations across different levels of myopia. Methods: Myopic (spherical equivalent refraction, SER ≤ −0.50 D) eyes of 10,488 adults aged 40–69 years without any history of systemic and ocular conditions were identified in the UK Biobank. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was employed to test the linear association between corneal hysteresis (CH) or corneal resistance factor (CRF), separately, and SER while controlling for age, sex, corneal radius and intraocular pressure. Quantile regression (QR) was used to test the same set of associations across 49 equally spaced conditional quantiles of SER. Results: In OLS regression, each standard deviation (SD) decrease in CH and CRF was associated with 0.08 D (95% CI: 0.04–0.12; p < 0.001) and 0.10 D (95% CI: 0.04–0.15; p < 0.001) higher myopia, respectively. However, residual analysis indicated that the linearity assumption was violated. QR revealed no evidence of a significant association between CH/CRF and SER in low myopia, but a significant (p < 0.05) positive association became evident from −2.78 D (0.06 and 0.08 D higher myopia per SD decrease in CH and CRF). The magnitude of association increased exponentially with increasing myopia: in the −5.03 D quantile, every SD decrease in CH and CRF was associated with 0.17 D (95% CI: 0.08–0.25; p < 0.001) and 0.21 D (95% CI: 0.10–0.31; p < 0.001) higher myopia. In the −8.63 D quantile, this further increased to 0.54 D (95% CI: 0.33–0.76; p < 0.001) and 0.67 D (95% CI: 0.41–0.93; p < 0.001) higher myopia per SD decrease in CH and CRF. Conclusions: Corneal biomechanics appeared compromised from around −3.00 D. These changes were observed to be exponential with increasing myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major risk factor for glaucoma, the first leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is the decellularisation of the trabecular meshwork (TM) in the conventional outflow pathway. Stem cell‐based therapy, particularly the utilisation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), presents an enticing potential for tissue regeneration and intraocular pressure (IOP) maintenance in glaucoma. We have previously observed that differentiated iPSCs can stimulate endogenous cell proliferation in the TM, a pivotal factor in TM regeneration and aqueous humour outflow restoration. In this study, we investigated the response of TM cells in vivo after interacting with iPSC‐derived cells and identified two subpopulations responsible for this relatively long‐term tissue regeneration: ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2)‐positive cells and Nestin (NES)‐positive cells. We further uncovered that alterations of these responsive cells are linked to ageing and different glaucoma etiologies, suggesting that ABCG2+ subpopulation decellularization could serve as a potential risk factor for TM decellularization in glaucoma. Taken together, our findings illustrated the proliferative subpopulations in the conventional outflow pathway when stimulated with iPSC‐derived cells and defined them as TM precursors, which may be applied to develop novel therapeutic approaches for glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 6‐month‐old intact female mixed‐breed kitten presented with severe exophthalmos of the left eye. Periocular lesions, including subconjunctival haemorrhage, third eyelid protrusion, and left eyelid oedema, were detected in the absence of globe retropulsion. The left intraocular pressure was increased, and ocular ultrasonography revealed ipsilateral retrobulbar fluid. Coagulation panels were markedly prolonged and severe anaemia was detected. Ultrasound‐guided retrobulbar centesis performed to decrease intraocular pressure yielded blood. Based on the history and clinical findings, anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication was suspected. Treatment included partial tarsorrhaphy and the administration of topical antibiotics, artificial tears, and vitamin K1. Fresh whole blood and fresh frozen plasma were transfused for supportive therapy. Coagulation parameters improved after 7 days of hospitalisation. The periocular lesions resolved within 14 days, despite persistent optic nerve damage and blindness. This case report raises the possibility that anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity may result in retrobulbar haemorrhage in the absence of other typical cavitary bleeding. Although uncommon, anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity should be considered in cats with retrobulbar haemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared skull morphology and ocular parameters in brachycephalic (BC, n = 16) and nonbrachycephalic (NB, n = 16) dogs using head CT scans. The results of a Schirmer tear test I (STT I), intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular biometry, external structure, ocular protrusion, and palpebral fissure dimensions were evaluated and compared between BC and NB dogs. There were no statistically significant differences in the STT I results, IOP, globe dimensions, globe volume, internal structure, and external structure between BC and NB dogs (P >.05). Brachycephalic dogs exhibited significantly greater ocular protrusion and significantly larger palpebral fissure dimensions compared with NB dogs. For all dogs, we found a strong positive correlation between globe volume and body weight (r = 0.836, P =.0000). The globe volumes, external structure parameters, and ocular protrusion were normalized by body weight and were also significantly larger in BC dogs compared with NB dogs (P <.001). The ocular protrusion (r = 0.521, P <.0000) and horizontal palpebral fissure (r = 0.372, P =.0024) showed a moderate positive correlation with the cephalic index (CI). Additionally, normalized globe volume (r = 0.435, P =.0003), normalized orbital depth (r = 0.419, P =.0005), and normalized retrobulbar depth (r = 0.444, P =.0002) had a moderate positive correlation with the CI. The study emphasizes how the distinctive skull structure of BC dogs, with shortened facial bones and thickened retrobulbar soft tissue, influences their ocular appearance and raises the risk of eye problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animals Studied Procedures Results Conclusions To establish normative data for selected ocular diagnostic tests and commensal conjunctival microflora and describe the incidence of ocular pathology in Chilean flamingos.A total of 41 Chilean flamingos were examined at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.In 20 flamingos, blink rate was assessed undisturbed in their exhibit, then gentle manual restraint was used to assess palpebral fissure length (PFL), aqueous tear production (phenol red thread test [PRTT] in one eye, endodontic absorbent paper point tear test [EAPPTT] in the other), intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry), and fluorescein staining. Twenty‐one other flamingos were brought to a darkened area for neuro‐ophthalmic examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Swabs from seven flamingos were used for ocular microbiome evaluation.Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Flamingos comprised 23 females/18 males, aged 11 ± 9.1 (0.7–40) years. Test results: blink rate, 3.7 ± 2 (1–9) blinks/min; PFL, 11.2 ± 1.2 (9–14) mm; IOP, 14 ± 3.2 (10–22) mmHg; EAPPT, 10.2 ± 2.8 (9–14) mm/min; PRTT, 6.8 ± 2.5 (3–13) mm/15 s. Dazzle reflex was positive in four birds examined. Pathologies included cataracts (n = 7 birds), corneal fibrosis (n = 3), endothelial pigment (n = 2), uveal cysts (n = 1), lens luxation (n = 1), and uveitis (n = 1). Ocular microbiome showed high diversity of taxa.Baseline ocular parameters and incidence of ophthalmic pathology assist veterinarians with disease screening for Chilean flamingos, while the ocular microbiome showed high diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the safety and efficacy of the Preserflo Microshunt with trabeculectomy in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. The primary outcome measures recorded as a measure of efficacy of the interventions were intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) at final follow‐up and IOP reduction (IOPR). Secondary outcomes recorded to measure efficacy were reduction in the number of glaucoma medications and reinterventions. To assess safety profile, the proportions of patients with post‐operative complications were recorded. Seven articles were included in this study. A total of 1353 eyes were included in this review (Preserflo: 812, trabeculectomy: 541). Post‐operative IOP (mean difference [MD] = 0.78 [0.66, 0.90], p < 0.001) results are significantly lower for trabeculectomy than Preserflo. The IOPR (MD = −1.20 [−2.30, −0.09], p = 0.034) results significantly favour trabeculectomy over Preserflo Microshunt. The reduction in topical glaucoma medications (MD = −0.32 [−0.58, −0.07], p = 0.014) is significantly higher for trabeculectomy. There is no statistically significant difference in levels of hypotony (risk ratio [RR] = −0.05 [−0.47, 0.37], p = 0.806), choroidal effusion/detachment (RR = −0.12 [−0.42, 0.19], p = 0.444), hyphaema (RR = 0.20 [−0.11, 0.51], p = 0.216) and flat anterior chamber (RR = 0.49 [−1.02, 0.03], p = 0.066). There are significantly more bleb‐related complications in the trabeculectomy groups than Preserflo groups (RR = −0.63 [−1.01, −0.24], p = 0.001). There were statistically more reinterventions required in the trabeculectomy groups than Preserflo groups (RR = −0.48 [−0.65, −0.30], p < 0.001). Compared to trabeculectomy, the Preserflo Microshunt is not as effective in lowering intra‐ocular pressure, has a similar safety profile and has a lower reintervention rate. Further research is required given the lack of randomised controlled trials within this study and resulting low strength of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg conbercept in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia (pmCNV). Methods: The 177 pmCNV patients were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive conbercept or sham injection, respectively. The conbercept group receive conbercept intravitreal injections administered on a pro re nata (PRN) basis after 3 monthly loading doses. The sham group received three consecutive monthly sham injections and then one conbercept injection followed by PRN conbercept intravitreal injections. Results: At month 3, the mean BCVA for the two groups were improved by 12.0 letters (conbercept group, from 54.05 letters to 66.05 letters) and 0.6 letters (sham group, from 49.77 letters to 50.33 letters), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean central retinal thickness (CRT) at month 3 in the two groups decreased 62.0 μm (conbercept group, from 348.90 μm to 286.18 μm) and 4.4 μm (sham group, from 347.86 μm to 343.47 μm) (p < 0.001). At month 9, the mean BCVA improved by 13.3 letters in the conbercept group and 11.3 letters in the sham group. The mean CRT decreased 73.6 μm in the conbercept group and 55.9 μm in the sham group (p < 0.001). The most common ocular adverse events were associated with intravitreal injections, such as conjunctival haemorrhage and increased intraocular pressure. Conclusion: Intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg conbercept provided improvement in visual and anatomical outcomes in pmCNV patients with low rates of ocular and nonocular safety events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document titled "Continuing Professional Development" provides information for RANZCO Fellows to earn CPD points by reading two articles in the Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology journal. The first article discusses angle-based minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in normal tension glaucoma, including the postoperative time points with the largest reductions in intraocular pressure and number of anti-glaucoma medications. The second article evaluates the use of multimodal imaging in predicting late age-related macular degeneration development, highlighting the imaging modalities assessed and the parameters included in the prediction model. Another article examines the retention time of different ophthalmic viscosurgical devices during phacoemulsification, while the last article explores the evaluation of keratometry and corneal astigmatism data from biometers and anterior segment tomographers. [Extracted from the article]

Objective Animals Studied Procedures Results Conclusions To evaluate the effects of alfaxalone, medetomidine, and xylazine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica).Eight 12‐month‐old pigeons (16 eyes).The pigeons were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (10 mg/kg of alfaxalone, 0.2 mg/kg of medetomidine, or 10 mg/kg of xylazine) with a 7‐day washout period. The IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer and calibrated using the formula y = 0.439x + 2.059, where y is the tonometric IOP and x is the actual IOP.All three drugs significantly reduced IOP. Alfaxalone led to the least reduction at 5.2 mm Hg, medetomidine reduced IOP to 12.5 mm Hg, whereas xylazine resulted in the greatest reduction at 15.3 mm Hg. Alfaxalone achieved its maximum IOP reduction in 6 min, whereas medetomidine and xylazine required 95 and 115 min, respectively. Both alpha‐2 agonists, medetomidine, and xylazine, showed a prolonged duration of effect and a greater reduction in IOP than those of alfaxalone. All three medications provided adequate sedation without any discernible adverse effects.The findings revealed the varied effects of these drugs on IOP in pigeons, potentially providing valuable insights that could be useful for broader applications in veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the inflammatory reaction in eyes with late in‐the‐bag intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation. Methods: This prospective clinical study with fellow‐eye comparison consists of 76 of the patients (76 eyes) with late in‐the‐bag IOL dislocation enrolled in the LION trial. The main outcome measure was anterior chamber flare before surgery measured with a laser flare meter in photon counts per millisecond (pc/ms). The dislocation was graded as 1 (small: optic still covering the visual axis), 2 (optic equator close to the visual axis) or 3 (optic decentred beyond the visual axis, but the IOL–capsule complex partly visible in the pupillary area). The secondary aim was to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) before surgery. Results: Flare levels before surgery were significantly higher in the dislocation eyes than in the fellow eyes with a median flare of 21.5 (range 5.4–135.7) pc/ms versus 14.1 (2.0–42.9) pc/ms, respectively (p ˂ 0.001). A regression analysis of log‐transformed flare values showed that the dislocation eyes had a non‐significant tendency towards higher flare in dislocation grade 1 with a median flare of 24.6 (5.4–135.7) pc/ms compared to grade 2; 19.6 (6.5–41.5) pc/ms (p = 0.06), and no significant difference compared to grade 3; 19.4 (10.2–53.5) pc/ms (p = 0.47). The IOP was significantly higher in the dislocation eyes than in the fellow eyes (p ˂ 0.001). Conclusions: Eyes with late in‐the‐bag IOL dislocation had increased flare levels compared to their fellow eyes. This suggests that inflammation is part of the clinical picture of late in‐the‐bag IOL dislocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the accuracy of the Reichert® Tono‐Vera® Vet rebound tonometer for canine intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. Animals Studied: Five normal canine ex vivo globes. Procedures: The anterior chambers of five freshly enucleated normal canine eyes were cannulated and connected to a reservoir of Plasma‐Lyte A and a manometer. Starting at a manometric IOP of 5 mmHg, the pressure was progressively increased to 80 mmHg by raising the reservoir. Triplicate IOP measurements were taken with the Tono‐Vera® Vet from the central cornea using the dog setting and compared to the manometric pressure by linear regression analysis and Bland–Altman plots. Results: There was a strong positive linear regression trend when comparing central corneal Tono‐Vera® Vet IOPs to manometric pressures (r2 =.99) with solid agreement between the two methods. Compared to manometric IOPs, the Tono‐Vera® Vet underestimated IOPs at higher pressures ≥70 mmHg. Conclusions: Measurement of IOPs from the central cornea with the Tono‐Vera® Vet provided accurate results over a large range in normal canine globes compared to direct manometry. The mild to moderate underestimation of IOPs at high pressures was not considered clinically relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma drainage devices are implanted in the eye to treat glaucoma, a disease that can cause vision loss and blindness. These devices are designed to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for the progression of glaucoma, by providing an alternative outflow path for the fluid produced by the eye, the aqueous humor. Here, a novel polymeric minimally invasive glaucoma implant designed to enhance aqueous humor outflow is demonstrated. The implant is made of a unique, potentially biodegradable thermoplastic material, polycarbonate bisamide (PC‐BA), and produced through replica molding using hot embossing and femtosecond laser‐machined glass molds. Post‐mortem experiments demonstrate successful device implantation into a rabbit's eye, with the implant remaining securely in place. Although the mass loss and changes in molecular weight observed in the in vitro degradation experiments are not significant within the tested times and degradation conditions, the PC‐BA is a slow‐degradation polymer that may take a few years to fully degrade. Thus, the implant will also slowly degrade and be absorbed by the body over time, leaving behind a natural outflow pathway. This potentially biodegradable glaucoma implant may represent a promising new approach for restoring outflow in a more natural way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animals Studied Procedure Results Conclusion The aim of this study was to document ophthalmic examination findings and provide reference values for ocular examinations and diagnostics in clinically normal Western tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) and to evaluate the mydriatic effect of a topical rocuronium bromide and identify any adverse effects.Sixteen Western tiger salamanders.A complete ophthalmic examination, including intraocular pressure via rebound tonometry [iCare® TonoVet (dog‐setting) or iCare® TonoVet Plus (dog‐setting)], and fluorescein and Rose Bengal stains, was performed. Ocular surface flora culture swabs were collected for microbiology in four salamanders. Rocuronium bromide (50 μL; 0.01 mg) was administered into each eye in three salamanders. Pupil size and constriction ability were evaluated up to 60 min following administration of rocuronium bromide. Distant visual examination and Doppler heart rate were used to monitor for potential adverse effects of rocuronium bromide.Observed ocular abnormalities included lipid keratopathy/keratitis (19%; 3/16), parasitic ophthalmitis (19%; 3/16), and cataracts (6.3%; 1/16). A significant difference was found between tonometry with iCare® TonoVet (11.5 ± 2.7 mmHg) versus TonoVet Plus (15.4 ± 3.7 mmHg) (p = .025). Fluorescein and Rose Bengal stains were negative in all salamanders. Ocular surface microbiology revealed a high incidence of contamination from environmental flora, with the most common isolate being unidentified as Gram‐negative nonfermenters (75%; 3/4). No significant change in pupil size or constriction ability was observed with rocuronium bromide.This is the first study to document ocular examination findings and diagnostics in captive and wild urodeles and may serve as a reference for clinical assessment and future studies of the Western tiger salamander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animals Studied Procedure Results Conclusions To assess the accuracy of canine intraocular pressure (IOP) estimates from the eyeTelemed IOPvet indentation tonometer.Part 1 included 54 eyes from 28 Beagle dogs—23 ADAMTS10‐mutants with open‐angle glaucoma and 5 normals. Part 2 involved five normal canine ex vivo globes.Part 1 (in vivo) compared IOPvet estimates in normal and glaucomatous dogs to Reichert Tono‐Vera® Vet rebound tonometry. The three IOPvet estimates were green (normal; <20 mmHg, according to the manufacturer), yellow (elevated; 20–30 mmHg), and red (high; >30 mmHg). In Part 2 (ex vivo), the pressure inside freshly enucleated normal canine eyes was progressively increased from 5 to 80 mmHg and compared to IOPvet estimates. Descriptive statistics compared IOPvet estimates to rebound tonometry and direct manometry, with the threshold from normal to glaucoma set at 30 mmHg.In Part 1 (in vivo), normal pressures (≤30 mmHg) were mainly identified correctly as green or yellow—110 of 111 estimates, corresponding to a specificity of 99%. Only 16 of 125 affected estimates were correctly displayed in the >30‐mmHg range; the remaining 109 showed ≤30 mmHg, corresponding to a sensitivity of 13%. In Part 2 (ex vivo), all normal pressures were correctly estimated with green, but 64 of 88 manometric IOPs >30 mmHg were falsely estimated as 20–30 mmHg.The IOPvet is inaccurate in estimating canine IOP with a low sensitivity at identifying dogs with IOP > 30 mmHg. Canine‐specific instrument revision is required to correctly identify elevated (yellow = 20–30 mmHg) and high (red >30 mmHg) IOPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is closely linked to aqueous overaccumulation and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). For refractory glaucoma, aqueous shunts with valves are commonly implanted for effective aqueous drainage control and IOP stabilization. However, existing valved glaucoma implants have the disadvantages of inconsistent valve opening/closing pressures, poor long‐term repeatability due to their reliance on moving parts, and complex architectures and fabrication processes. Here, we propose a novel valving concept, the droplet Laplace valve (DLV), a three‐dimensional printable moving‐parts‐free microvalve with customizable and consistent threshold valving pressures. The DLV uses a flow discretization unit governed by capillarity, comprising a droplet‐forming nozzle, and a separated reservoir to digitize continuous flow into quantifiable droplets. Unlike the classic one‐time‐use Laplace valves, the DLV's unique design allows for its reusability. The opening pressure is adjustable by varying the nozzle size, like the classic Laplace valves (following the Young–Laplace equation), while the closing pressure can be modified by tuning the separation distance and the reservoir size. Various DLVs with customizable opening pressures from 5 to 11 mmHg have been demonstrated, with opening/closing pressure differences suppressed down to <0.5 mmHg (<0.15 mmHg under the best conditions). Thanks to its moving‐parts‐free nature and digitized flow properties, the DLV shows a highly repeatable valving performance (<1.7%, 1000 cycles) and a predictable linear flow rate–pressure correlation (R2 > 0.99). Preliminary ex vivo validation in an enucleated porcine eye confirms the DLV's efficiency in aqueous shunting and prompt IOP stabilization. The DLV technology holds great promise in glaucoma implants for IOP management and various microsystems for flow control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Animal studied Procedure Results Conclusions To report preliminary results of MP‐TSCP in canine patients with glaucoma while evaluating sweep velocity, treatment efficacy, and safety utilizing standardized surgical parameters.Client‐owned dogs that underwent MP‐TSCP at a veterinary referral hospital.Medical records of 19 eyes (14 dogs) treated with MP‐TSCP were reviewed. Eleven eyes were treated with a 10 s/sweep (s) velocity and 8 eyes with a 20 s/s. Laser duty cycle was set at 31.3%, mean laser energy was 2766 mW, and mean duration was 120 s per hemisphere. Minimum post‐operative follow‐up was 6 months. Outcomes of intraocular pressure (IOP), vision status, degree of antiglaucoma medications, and complications were evaluated.There was a significantly lower median (IQR) IOP (<25 mmHg) at each timepoint postoperatively compared to IOP pre‐operatively (p < 0.05). The overall success rate for IOP control at 6 months was 84%, 100% for the 10 s/s and 62.5% for the 20 s/s. Vision was preserved in 10/11 (90%) eyes from the 10 s/s group and 4/8 (50%) eyes from the 20 s/s group at 6 months. Average number of glaucoma medications in the 10 s/s group decreased from 4.4 to 1.5 and from 3.3 to 2.5 in the 20 s/s group. Post‐operative complications were mild and resolved within 1 week.MP‐TSCP is a non‐invasive treatment alternative for canine glaucoma. Employing higher energy levels rendered long‐term IOP control while retaining a high safety profile with minimal postoperative complications. There was no statistical difference between a 10 s/s and 20 s/s surgical velocity, both leading to successful surgical outcomes up to 6 months post‐operatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]