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Data investigating the natural history of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infection in mid‐adult women compared with young adult women from regions exhibiting a bimodal distribution pattern are scarce. From November 2012 to September 2019, 3681 healthy women aged 18–45 years from the control group of a bivalent HPV vaccine Phase 3 trial in China were followed over 5.5 years. At scheduled visits (Day 0, months 7, 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, 54, and 66), cervical samples were collected for ThinPrep Pap tests and HPV DNA testing, women with abnormal cytology were referred for colposcopy. Data was analyzed using Cox regression model and a competing risk model. Sensitivity analyses were performed among participants attending all scheduled visits. The incidences of HR‐HPV persistent infections (over 6 months [6mPIs]) were 35.5 and 29.0 per 1000 person‐years (PYs) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.46), and HR‐HPV associated CIN grade 2 or greater (CIN2+) were 4.3 and 1.9 per 1000 PYs (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.25, 4.26) in women aged 18–26 and 27–45 years. Competing risk models showed that the cumulative incidence of HR‐HPV infections that progressed to CIN2+ was significantly higher in women aged 18–26 than in women aged 27–45 (5.3% vs. 2.9%, Gray's test p =.0291). The cumulative clearance rates of HR‐HPV infections in women aged 18–26 and 27–45 were similar (94.7% vs. 95.8%, Gray's test p =.3309) during the study period. In conclusion, although mid‐adult women exhibit lower incidences of HR‐HPV infection and associated cervical lesions compared to young women, this population continues to face a substantial risk of acquiring causal HPV infections, which may progress to cervical lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the incidence of kidney failure is increasing worldwide. Hemodialysis is the main method for the treatment of kidney diseases, and the continuous development of new hemodialysis membranes is the key to improve the treatment effect and the quality of life of patients. In this study, heparinized multi‐walled carbon nanotube/cellulose acetate (Hep/MWCNTs@CA) membranes were prepared by non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). The morphology and pore structure of Hep/MWCNTs@CA membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elongation at break and tensile strength of the membranes were characterized by a mechanical property universal tester. The results showed that mechanical properties of 0.1 wt% MWCNTs enhanced the membrane is best. The water contact angle test confirmed that MWCNTs can improve the membrane hydrophilicity, and combined with the adsorption test results for proteins, it was found that the hydrophilicity can reduce the adsorption of proteins to the composite membrane and improve the blood compatibility of the material. The dialysis performance of urea and lysozyme was tested by a self‐made simulated hemodialysis device, and the clearance rates of urea and lysozyme were 84% and 47.2%, respectively, which showed that the interfacial gap between MWCNTs and CA matrix can make the composite membrane retain a high retention rate of macromolecular proteins (92.3%) and further improved the clearance rate of small and medium molecular toxins. In addition, the good blood compatibility and biocompatible properties of the materials were confirmed by hemolysis, recalcification and cytotoxicity tests on Hep/MWCNTs@CA membranes. In conclusion, the prepared Hep/MWCNTs@CA holds great potential for application in the field of hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop a 3D free‐breathing cardiac multi‐parametric mapping framework that is robust to confounders of respiratory motion, fat, and B1+ inhomogeneities and validate it for joint myocardial T1 and T1ρ mapping at 3T. Methods: An electrocardiogram‐triggered sequence with dual‐echo Dixon readout was developed, where nine cardiac cycles were repeatedly acquired with inversion recovery and T1ρ preparation pulses for T1 and T1ρ sensitization. A subject‐specific respiratory motion model relating the 1D diaphragmatic navigator to the respiration‐induced 3D translational motion of the heart was constructed followed by respiratory motion binning and intra‐bin 3D translational and inter‐bin non‐rigid motion correction. Spin history B1+ inhomogeneities were corrected with optimized dual flip angle strategy. After water‐fat separation, the water images were matched to the simulated dictionary for T1 and T1ρ quantification. Phantoms and 10 heathy subjects were imaged to validate the proposed technique. Results: The proposed technique achieved strong correlation (T1: R2 = 0.99; T1ρ: R2 = 0.98) with the reference measurements in phantoms. 3D cardiac T1 and T1ρ maps with spatial resolution of 2 × 2 × 4 mm were obtained with scan time of 5.4 ± 0.5 min, demonstrating comparable T1 (1236 ± 59 ms) and T1ρ (50.2 ± 2.4 ms) measurements to 2D separate breath‐hold mapping techniques. The estimated B1+ maps showed spatial variations across the left ventricle with the septal and inferior regions being 10%–25% lower than the anterior and septal regions. Conclusion: The proposed technique achieved efficient 3D joint myocardial T1 and T1ρ mapping at 3T with respiratory motion correction, spin history B1+ correction and water‐fat separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify the distinct change trajectories of the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) over time and to investigate their associations with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: This study included 52 394 participants from the prospective project, the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China‐PAR). The CVAI was calculated using measures of age, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Latent mixture modelling was conducted to fit distinct trajectory patterns. The logistic regression model was applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of T2DM with various CVAI trajectory patterns. Results: Four distinct CVAI trajectory patterns were identified: low‐increasing, moderate‐increasing, moderate high‐increasing and high‐increasing. Compared with low‐increasing CVAI, participants with moderate‐increasing (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.49–2.00), moderate high‐increasing (3.48, 3.01–4.03) and high‐increasing CVAI (5.50, 4.67–6.47) had a significantly increased risk of T2DM. Similar trajectory patterns were identified in both men and women. The ORs (95% CI) for moderate‐increasing, moderate high‐increasing and high‐increasing groups were 3.28 (2.56–4.19), 7.85 (6.09–10.13) and 13.21 (9.98–17.49) in women respectively, and 1.20 (0.99–1.45), 2.18 (1.82–2.62) and 3.60 (2.93–4.43) in men respectively, when compared to the low‐increasing CVAI group. Further, significant effect modifications for age, smoking and physical activity (all Pinteraction <0.05) were observed in the relationship between CVAI trajectory patterns and T2DM. Conclusions: Initially high and persistently elevated CVAI is significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM, with a particular focus on women, younger people, nonsmokers and physically inactive individuals. Continuous monitoring of CVAI levels will benefit effective identification, early intervention and management of individuals at high risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterising the spatial and temporal distribution of the S‐N‐trending rift in southern Tibet is crucial for elucidating the dynamics of E‐W extension within the Tibetan Plateau since the Miocene. The Kung Co–Tangra Yumco rift, located in the central part of the rift system, was initiated at the peak of rifting development. While the initiation of rifting has been ascertained through low‐temperature thermochronology, direct timing constraints remain absent for the Gangga Graben in the southernmost region. Utilising the quartz electron spin resonance (ESR) dating technique, we ascertained the onset age of the eastern boundary fault of the Gangga Graben to be 12.00 ± 1.80 Ma, with an accelerated activity phase at 9.17 ± 1.19 Ma, and an activity age for the western boundary fault at 2.22 ± 0.24 Ma. U‐series dating conducted on the western boundary disclosed a time span of 20–13 ka for hot spring fissure activity. Seismic evidence, inclusive of those from the Gongdapu Horst, indicates persistent activity of the Gangga Graben since the Pleistocene. Comparative analysis of age data from the Kung Co–Tangra Yumco rift suggests that it commenced almost synchronously along its strike at ~14.5–12 Ma. Considering the rifts trending from west to east in southern Tibet and the genetic mechanism of leucogranite, we propose an E‐W extension mechanism in southern Tibet. At ~26–14 Ma, the lithosphere experienced weakened delamination and asthenosphere upwelling, leading to a series of magmatic activities and onset of E‐W extension in southern Tibet. At ~17–7 Ma, as the basal shearing of the underthrusting Indian Plate increased, it marked the peak phase of rifting in southern Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Mastering the characteristics of gas–liquid humidification jets at low pressure is fundamental for creating indoor humidity environments on the Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau. In this paper, we numerically simulate gas–liquid two‐phase jets at 50.0–101.3 kPa and analyze their flow, mass transfer, and heat transfer properties based on relevant dimensionless numbers. The results show that, for Reynolds number (Re) = 1652–9914 at low pressure, the jet axis velocity decays more slowly, the entrainment between the jet boundary and ambient air is enhanced, and the momentum diffusion range is larger. Specifically, at Re = 1652, the average jet axis velocity of 50.0 kPa is 0.13 m/s higher than that of 101.3 kPa. The jet dimensionless velocity distribution of each radial section obeys the Voigt curve. Under low‐pressure conditions, the humidity diffusion range of the jet expands, while the temperature diffusion range decreases. The jet flow trajectory and velocity distribution are highly dependent on Re and Froude number (Fr), and temperature distribution depends significantly on Prandtl number (Pr) and Re. The jet humidity distribution highly depends on Schmidt number (Sc) when Re = 1652 and Re = 4957–9914, while showing weaker dependence on Sc for Re = 1652–4957. This study is aimed at enhancing the theory of gas–liquid jet flow and providing theoretical guidance for developing indoor humidity environment construction techniques at low pressure, thereby improving the livability of plateau buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small molecule organic materials are widely used as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high reversible capacity, designable structure, and environmental friendliness. However, they suffer from poor intrinsic electronic conductivity, severe dissolution, and low initial coulombic efficiency. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated in metal‐ion batteries, outperforming some small molecule organic materials in terms of both cycling stability and rate capability. Herein, the first rational design and synthesis of a new cobalt‐based MOF (CoBPDCA), are reported employing cobalt(II) nitrate as the metal source and small organic molecules (2,2‐bipyridyl‐4,4‐dicarboxylic acid, BPDCA) as the ligands, which shows exceptional chemical stability and impressive electron conductivity. Most importantly, CoBPDCA electrodes deliver a high reversible capacity of 1112.9 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C (1 C = 1000 mA g−1) and outstanding high‐rate durability (166.3 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles at 10 C). Employing a series of spectroscopic and morphological characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is revealed that these impressively electrochemical performances are contributed to the dual active redox centers of Co cations and BPDCA ligands (CN and CO groups), and the superb electron conductivity. This work might provide a new strategy and a deeper understanding of the other MOFs' development for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high overpotential of Li‐O2 batteries (LOBs) is primarily triggered by sluggish charge transfer kinetics at the reaction interfaces. A typical LiBr redox mediator (RM) catalyst can effectively reduce the battery's overpotential. However, it is prone to shuttling and corroding the Li anode, leading to RM loss and reduced energy efficiency. To address these challenges, we introduced Li2MoO4 into the LiBr‐containing electrolyte to promote the solution‐phase mediated LOBs. This addition tailors the anion‐enhanced Li+ solvation sheath layer and forms a robust anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) on the Li anode. The robust SEI effectively mitigates the corrosion of soluble Br3−/Br2 and attacks by highly reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the dispersed and high‐density Li2MoO4 exhibits strong adsorption capabilities for O2/LiO2 and Br‐related species during the discharge/charge process, thereby promoting the growth and decomposition of Li2O2 in the solution phase and inhibiting the shuttle effect of Br‐related species in LOBs. Consequently, the LOBs demonstrate exceptional cycling stability (415 cycles) and high energy efficiency (86.2 %), paving the way for the sustainable development and practical application of these battery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo‐promoted cyanomethyl radical procedures for the preparation of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indenes and 2,8‐dihydrocyclopenta[a]indenes from phenyl‐linked 1,6‐enynes with α‐halogenated acetonitriles are reported. The iodocyanomethylation/cyclization is performed via an atom‐transfer radical addition (ATRA) strategy under photocatalyst‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. In particular, the photoinduced cyanomethylative cascade bicyclization is carried out under the fac‐Ir(ppy)3/Na2CO3 catalystic symtem and visible light irradiation. These methods offer a one‐step and atom‐economical access to diverse cyano‐group containing five‐membered rings with broad substrate scope and high selectivity. A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic conjugated carboxylic acids are promising anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high specific capacity, design flexibility, and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, similar to polysulfides, organic conjugated carboxylic acid materials and their redox intermediates suffer from poor intrinsic electronic conductivity, severe dissolution issues, and the resulting shuttle effect, thereby giving rise to rapid capacity decay and poor cycling stability. Herein, a SiO2 template‐assisted pyrolysis strategy is developed to prepare nitrogen‐doped hollow porous carbon bowls (N‐HPCB) as highly efficient hosts for organic conjugated carboxylic acids (maleic acid, MA). Benefiting from the large specific surface area, rational pore structure, and numerous nitrogen defect sites, N‐HPCB can remarkably suppress the dissolution of MA and its redox intermediates (LixMA) through both physical confinement and chemical bonding and facilitate the LixMA conversion. With these merits, the MA@HPCB electrodes deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 1134.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, exceptional long‐term cyclability (retaining 328.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 985 cycles), and outstanding rate capability (189.1 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). Thus, the work provides a new approach to achieving a high‐rate and highly stable organic conjugated carboxylic acid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐temperature aqueous zinc batteries have recently garnered significant attention for large‐scale energy storage. However, spontaneous hydrogen evolution and passivation on the Zn metal anode severely affect its cycling stability under elevated temperature conditions. Herein, a facile strategy is employed to construct a bifunctional composite protective layer comprising an insulating ZnF2 layer combined with Zn affinity conductive tin (Sn) metal. This combination optimally distributes Zn ions (Zn2+) and maintains consistent thermal field distribution around Zn anodes. Moreover, the presence of fluorides on the interface efficiently suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction, while the Sn metal serves as nucleation seeds with reversible alloying and dealloying process to endow dendrite‐free morphology and fast reaction kinetics. Specifically, the symmetric cell with the coated electrode exhibits excellent stability at a current density of 3 mA cm−2 over 420 h at 50 °C. When coupled with the modified Zn anode and I2 cathode, the Zn//I2 full cells deliver high areal capacity and substantiate their practical application, exhibiting remarkable high‐temperature resilience over 2000 cycles with 97.8% capacity retained at 50 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the internet of things, the simple preparation of sensors has become a challenge. The present work presents the simple preparation of flexible sensors by using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing combined with the microwave radiation‐assisted treatment of the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers to create the flexible sensors. The as‐prepared TPU/CNT composites exhibit the 7.27 MPa tensile strength and 401% elongation at break, similar to those of the pure TPU. After 200 tensile cycles, the TPU/CNT composites can still stably convert pressure into electrical signals, which can be used as flexible sensors with high sensitivity (0.879 kPa−1). In addition, shoe insoles and finger cover with sensing performance are fabricated through the FDM 3D printing technology, demonstrating the potential of the sensors to monitor human gait, finger straightening, and bending movements. The as‐proposed method involves the embedding CNTs as conductive fillers on the surface of TPU to form the TPU/CNT composite conductive layers on the surface of TPU, which is beneficial for maintaining the elasticity of the polymer matrix. The challenges in preparing stable, low‐cost, and scalable flexible sensors and highlights of the advantages of 3D printing technology in manufacturing flexible piezoresistive sensors are also deeply discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through considering an unconventional parameter of electromagnetic waves, Janus metasurfaces offer a new strategy to integrate multiple functionalities into a single device. However, the traditional Janus metasurfaces lack reconfigurability and suffer from complex manufacture process due to common multilayer structures. Herein, it is shown that a multi‐encrypted Janus metasurface integrating with phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) can achieve tunable switching of dual functionalities and two‐faced spatial asymmetric wavefront manipulation. By controlling four degrees of freedom (i.e., incident wavelength, polarization, output direction, and the phase state of GST), the metasurfaces can simultaneously enable transmitted phase and reflected amplitude modulations. As an experimental demonstration, a transmission‐type hologram and a reflection‐type grayscale image are securely encrypted in a single metasurface and actively switched with two specific keys, which contains four optical parameters. The nonvolatile switchable Janus metasurfaces provide potential applications in displays, information encryption, and data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), a major precursor to end‐stage renal disease, involves mitochondrial dysfunction in proximal renal tubular cells (PTCs), contributing to its pathogenesis. Estrogen‐related receptor α (ERRα) is essential for mitochondrial integrity in PTCs, yet its regulation in DKD is poorly understood. This study investigates ERRα expression and its regulatory mechanisms in DKD, assessing its therapeutic potential. Using genetic, biochemical, and cellular approaches, ERRα expression Was examined in human DKD specimens and DKD mouse models. We identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) as a regulator of ERRα, promoting its degradation through K48‐linked polyubiquitination at the K100 residue. This degradation pathway significantly contributed to mitochondrial injury in PTCs of DKD models. Notably, conditional ERRα overexpression or RBBP6 inhibition markedly reduced mitochondrial damage in diabetic mice, highlighting ERRα's protective role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity. The interaction between RBBP6 and ERRα opens new therapeutic avenues, suggesting that modulating RBBP6‐ERRα interactions could be a strategy for preserving mitochondrial function and slowing DKD progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the significant oxidation challenges and reciprocal diffusion reactions that occur under the operating conditions of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) anodes, it is crucial to develop thin protective coatings that possess a dense structure, appropriate conductivity, good chemical and mechanical compatibility for metallic interconnectors (MIC). Except for the mainly studied cathode environments, the fuel streams during the real stack operation will also inevitably confront the MIC with oxidation and interfacial reaction issues, giving a potential contribution to the overall stack degradation. However, there is relatively little research on these service stability issues induced by the anode operating atmospheres. This research emphasizes the continuity of sputtered CeOx coatings of different thicknesses during the initial oxidation phase and seeks to optimize the coating thickness. By varying the sputtering powers, CeOx coatings with thicknesses of 110, 380, and 600 nm are deposited on laboratory‐made ferritic stainless steel (AMIC 21). The chemical states of the sputtered Ce ions, the microstructure evolution, and the interfacial reaction mechanism for the CeOx‐coated MIC are successively explored under a simulated anode environment. After isothermal exposure to SOFC anode‐reducing atmosphere (90%H2/10%H2O) at 800°C for 50–300 h, the CeOx coatings exhibit good structural stability with uniform grains tightly arranged on the surface. The interfacial reaction layers detected for the CeOx‐coated AMIC 21 samples are less than 1.6 µm after exposure for 300 h, indicating the effectiveness of CeOx coatings for SOFC interconnector application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A new fluorescent fingerprint powder (DFF‐MMT) was formulated by blending cyclic chalcone dye DFF with montmorillonite (MMT), which can develop latent fingerprints (LFPs) with exceptional resolution and contrast on various surfaces, including ordinary glass, tin foil, marble, LED screens, and materials with distinct colors and fluorescent backgrounds. The fluorescence of DFF‐MMT transforms from orange to bright yellow with LFPs, allowing for a flawless visualization of fingerprints on uneven surfaces or materials with static electricity. Impressively, fingerprints developed by DFF‐MMT can be stored for over 21 months and conveniently duplicated. The developed LFPs by DFF‐MMT still keep high quality under the influence of aquatic condition, illumination and thermal effects. DFF‐MMT also exhibits benefits, such as affordability, real‐time, high‐resolution, high‐contrast development and no damage to DNA, making it an ideal choice for sophisticated criminal investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Imbalanced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis has been reported in multiple autoimmune diseases and supplementation with NAD+ precursors has consistently demonstrated positive therapeutic benefits for these conditions. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease, in which the decreased number and impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the main pathogenesis. Here we found NAD+ level was decreased in the plasma and CD4+ T cells of ITP patients. Supplementation with NAD+ precursor nicotinamide (NAM), but not nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), increased Treg frequency and ameliorated thrombocytopenia in an ITP murine model. Moreover, whilst both NAM and NMN restored cytosolic NAD+ level in the CD4+ T cells from ITP patients, only NAM promoted Treg differentiation. Mechanistically, Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a major consumer of NAD+, was highly expressed in the CD4+ T cells of ITP patients, potentially contributing to the low level of NAD+. NAM, which could act as Sirt1 inhibitor, promoted Foxp3 acetylation and stability in induced Tregs derived from naïve CD4+ T cells of ITP patients. These findings suggest that NAM holds promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for restoring immune balance in ITP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite improvements in interventional techniques leading to faster myocardial reperfusion postmyocardial infarction, there has been a significant rise in the occurrence of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI/RI could offer a crucial approach to reducing myocardial damage and enhancing patient outcomes. This study examined the myocardial protective properties of puerarin (PUE) in the context of MI/RI using hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury models were employed in H9c2 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Our findings demonstrate that pretreatment with PUE effectively mitigated cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, restored redox balance, preserved mitochondrial energy production and maintained mitochondrial function following MI/RI. Furthermore, these cardioprotective effects of PUE were found to be mediated by the downregulation of voltage‐dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which PUE inhibits MI/RI and reveal that this protective effect of PUE is dependent on the downregulation of VDAC1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide anion adsorption on transition metals can improve the performance of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), while the specific reaction mechanisms governing selective CO2RR pathways remain unclear. In this study, we reveal for the first time the distinct pathway switching between gaseous (CO) and liquid products (formate and ethanol) on the well‐defined Ag−Cu nanostructures with controlled chlorination. We show that CO2 conversion to CO on Ag/AgCl can be tuned by adjusting the thickness of AgCl layer, achieving a high selectivity over a broad potential range in a 0.5 M KHCO3 using flow cell. In contrast, the optimized Cl−Ag/Cu system enables the conversion of CO2 into liquid products including formate and ethanol with a total Faradaic efficiency (FE) nearing 100 %, delivering high current densities of 136.3 and 20.8 mA cm−2 at −1.3 V, respectively. In situ infrared experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that the lateral adsorbate of *OCHO intermediate facilitates the thermodynamics of both the CO pathway on Cl−Ag(111) and the formate pathway on Cl−Ag/Cu(111) by reducing Gibbs free energy barriers of each potential‐limit step. This work uncovers the role of chlorination in the tuning of C‐bound or O‐bound intermediates during CO2RR on Ag−Cu catalysts, determining the reaction pathway under lateral adsorbate effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial infarction, the most severe manifestation of coronary artery disease, is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Here, a novel nanotherapy engineering approach is reported for enhancing therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury. An anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory nanotherapy (TPCD NP) is first fabricated. MSCs are successfully engineered with TPCD NP by endocytosis, and TPCD NP engineering does not affect stemness of MSCs. TPCD NP‐internalized MSCs (tn‐MSCs) are resistant to oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under oxidative distress, tn‐MSCs show stronger paracrine activity compared to MSCs. Consistently, tn‐MSCs effectively enhance angiogenesis of endothelial cells under pathological conditions. Also, tn‐MSCs protect cardiomyocytes from ROS‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by improving mitochondrial membrane potential and regulating the p53 signaling pathway. In mice with MI/R injury, the survival time of tn‐MSCs in the injured heart is prolonged, compared to pristine MSCs. Correspondingly, tn‐MSCs more significantly reduce the infarct size, improve cardiac function, and promote cardiac remodeling in MI/R injury mice. Mechanistically, tn‐MSCs alleviate MI/R injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promoting cardiac repair. Consequently, tn‐MSCs are promising for treating cardiovascular diseases linked to oxidative distress and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of mining depth, the gas management problem in coal and gas outburst mine is more prominent. At the same time, gas is used as a clean resource to mine together with coal which is to realize the simultaneous extraction of coal and gas more practical significance. The relation between coal mining and gas extraction is mutually reinforcing and restricting. It is of great theoretical significance and application value to study simultaneous extraction of coal and gas technique optimization. The Qidong Coal Mine of the Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group is a coal and gas outburst mine. The spacing of the coal seam is small, the occurrence conditions are complex, and the mining is difficult. This study used theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering analogy to investigate the coordinated mining technology of coal and gas in outburst coal seams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen direct reduction iron coupled with electronic arc furnace (H2DRI‐EAF) technology, as an important technology for decarbonisation in the iron and steel industry, has the advantages of high electrification and low carbon emissions. However, the large demand for hydrogen in this technology relies significantly on the production of electrolytic hydrogen, leading to a substantial increase in power consumption in the steel production process. Moreover, the use of an unclean power source in electrolytic hydrogen production leads to increases in indirect carbon emissions, reducing the low‐carbon attributes of the technology. This study investigates the integrated flexible operation mode of a steel plant. An illustrating method is utilised for modelling the entire steel production process and power to hydrogen (PtH2) process in detail for the H2DRI‐EAF steel plant, which includes natural gas, photovoltaic, wind power self‐provided power plants, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed for the comprehensive scheduling of the steel mill. The results of the case studies indicate that by reliably integrating the production of renewable energy and natural gas power plants, the PtH2 system can fully consume the renewable energy output while ensuring the smooth progress of steel production and maximising the reduction of carbon emissions from hydrogen production and the total cost of steel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Delamination restricts the out‐of‐plane loading capacity of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs), posing a challenge in their structural applications. While interlaminar reinforcement using aramid fibers has emerged as a promising method to alleviate delamination issues, the effects of aramid fiber size and areal density on the flexural properties of reinforced CFRPs remain underexplored. This study investigated the reinforcing potential of different aramid fiber forms, including short aramid fibers, aramid pulp, and aramid nanofibers, through a three‐point bending test on CFRPs. The results revealed that short aramid fibers and aramid pulp provided better reinforcing effects than aramid nanofibers as their fiber lengths were optimal for the bridging mechanism. Specimens reinforced with 0.16 g/m2 short aramid fibers attained the highest flexural strength, with a 20.9% improvement compared to unmodified specimens. Increasing the areal reinforcement density led to thicker interlayers, which negatively impacted flexural strength. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the use of aramid fibers in the industrial manufacturing of CFRPs, considering both reinforcing effects and process efficiency. Different‐sized aramid fibers were used for interlaminar reinforcement of CFRPs. Influence of interlayer thickness on flexural properties was investigated. Up to 20.9% improvement in flexural strength was achieved. Potential applications of different‐sized aramid fibers were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Aim Methods Results Conclusion Haemophilia A (HA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by variants in F8. Although traditional mutational analyses have identified numerous pathogenic variants, the aetiology of HA in certain patients remains unclear. Furthermore, female patients with severe HA are rare.To investigate the molecular defects underlying severe HA in two patients and provide personalised reproductive interventions for their families.Two patients diagnosed with severe HA without other clinical phenotypes were enrolled in the study. A combination of whole‐exome sequencing, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and long‐read sequencing (LR‐sequencing) was performed to reveal the molecular defects of them, followed by the application of different reproductive intervention strategies.Proband 1, a 29‐year‐old man with FVIII activity of 0.8%, did not exhibit common F8 variants, including Inv1 or Inv22, in the coding region. However, he carried a rare maternal novel inversion on ChrX:154148973_154170321, spanning approximately 21.345 Kbp, with breakpoints in introns 13 and 14 of F8. Finally, the couple of Proband 1 opted for assisted reproductive technology using preimplantation genetic testing and successfully conceived. Proband 2, a 20‐year‐old female with severe HA and FVIII activity of 0.6%, carried inv22 of F8. Further investigation combining whole exome sequencing (WES) and pedigree analysis revealed that she carried a maternal cross‐deletion encompassing exons 1–22 of F8, FUNDC2, BRCC3 and CLIC2, along with a de novo missense variant c.5852T>C (p.Leu1951Ser) on her paternal X‐chromosome. Chromosome X‐inactivation (XCI) analysis demonstrated a highly skewed inactivation of the maternal X chromosome, with a ratio of 98:2. Subsequently, prenatal diagnosis confirmed that the third child in this family did not carry any of the F8 variants present in Proband 2.Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic aetiology of HA and emphasise the importance of a definitive diagnosis in guiding genetic counselling and personalised reproductive interventions for affected individuals and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerogel energy‐efficient glass can effectively reduce building energy consumption, but the low light transmission and weak mechanical properties greatly limit the application of aerogel in energy‐efficient windows. Herein, a modified aramid nanofiber aerogel with outstanding mechanical strength (1.80 MPa, pull over 30000 times its weight), transparency (94.38% in the infrared region), and resistance to extreme environments (thermal insulation, frost resistance, flame retardancy, and self‐extinguishing) is designed and synthesized using nanowire domain space structure strategy. The aerogel used for energy‐efficient windows to reduce energy consumption in buildings is demonstrated. When the aerogel energy‐efficient windows are applied in winter, the average temperature of the energy‐efficient windows during the period from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. is 4.01 and 7.01 °C higher than the ordinary glass house and the outdoor temperature, respectively. Carbon reduction calculations show that even in the coldest provinces of China, poly(terephthaloyl chloride‐co‐phenylenediamine‐co‐2‐(4‐Aminophenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐5‐amine) (PTPA) aerogel for passive heating can reduce CO2 emissions by 94.14 Kg m−2 per year. This study provides a new strategy for synthesizing transparent aramid aerogels and a new way to develop passive heating and warming energy‐efficient windows for the next generation of energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported herein a visible light mediated de Mayo‐type reaction between 1,3‐diketones and BCB. The reaction proceeds through a [2π+2σ] cycloaddition and retro‐aldol sequence, producing cis‐difunctionalized cyclobutanes in high yields with good regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is highly prevalent in elder individuals, and its variable cognitive outcomes indicate some cognitive reserve mechanisms. Contribution from functional network features is still unclear. Here we explore how functional segregation‐integration preference influences the cognitive changes against CSVD. Materials and Methods: A total of, 271 CSVD patients were included, all underwent MRI scans including routine and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI). Hierarchical balance index (HB) was obtained from the rs‐fMRI connectivity using eigenmode‐based approach. Individuals were classified into segregated and integrated groups according to negative and positive HB. A composite CSVD lesion score was calculated from imaging findings. Global and five specific cognitive functions were assessed. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis revealed negative contribution from lesion load to global and all cognitive domains (β = −0.22~−0.35, ∆R2 = 0.046~0.112, all p < 0.001). Inclusion of HB did not show significant contribution (all p > 0.05), but interaction between HB and lesion score was significantly associated with global (β = −0.27, ∆R2 = 0.013, p = 0.034) and execution score (β = −0.34, ∆R2 = 0.023, p = 0.002). Integrated patients show significant better global cognitive (23.9 ± 3.9 vs. 25.5 ± 3.1, p = 0.044) and executive ability (0.235 ± 0.678 vs. 0.535 ± 0.688, p = 0.049) at mild damage stage, visuospatial (−0.001 ± 0.804 vs. 0.379 ± 0.249, p = 0.034) and language ability (−0.133 ± 0.849 vs. 0.218 ± 0.704, p = 0.037) at moderate damage stage. Cross‐overs of cognitive scores were observed. Significant better execution (−0.277 ± 0.717 vs. −0.675 ± 0.883, p = 0.027) was found in severe damage stage for segregated patients. Conclusion: Thus, we concluded that integrated network contributes to cognitive resilience in mild and moderate but not in severe damage stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary alloys of platinum (Pt) are well‐studied to address the poor poisoning resistance of Pt. Among them, the ordered alloys, also known as intermetallics, tend to show exceptional advantages in activity and durability. In contrast, the medium and high‐entropy Pt alloy systems, with three or more elements, have been reported with better performance but not fully understood, due to the complex relationship of elemental miscibility. Herein a unique asymmetric synergistic effect in the ordering process of a series of ternary alloy AuxPt1‐xCu3 (x = 0‐1) is reported. The volcano plot of ordering degree (OD) in AuxPt1‐xCu3 (x = 0‐1) shows its peak in the Au‐rich samples but gradually shifts to Au/Pt equal molar ratio with the increasing temperature. Based on formation energy calculation and molecular dynamics analysis, the unique ordering trend of ternary alloys and the shift of OD peak position are rationalized. Among the studied samples, Au0.4Pt0.6Cu3‐350 sample exhibits the highest mass activity in electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation (3.58 A·mgAu+Pt−1), 4.4 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. This work not only explores the unique asymmetrical effect in the OD of ternary intermetallics, but also helps to understand the complex inter‐metallic relationship in the medium‐entropy and high‐entropy alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin aging is one of the most abundant aging‐related disorders that can be accelerated by excessive exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Topically applied fermented skincare ingredients have gained mounting attentions due to their high concentration of various skin nourishing nutrients and bioactive components and low skin irritation potency. Aims: In the present study, we aim to fully demonstrate the skin‐related benefits of a novel extract of Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed‐culture ferment (TBFE). Methods: TBFE was prepared through an innovative mixed‐culture fermentation process. The contents of nutrients and bioactive ingredients were quantified by different methods accordingly. Both in vitro tests and randomized controlled human trial were utilized to further demonstrate multifaceted beneficial effects on human skin, as well as the potential mechanisms. Results: Our results showed that TBFE upregulated the expression of type IV collagen, elastin, aquaporin‐3, and dermal‐epidermal junction markers, while inhibited production of melanin, in different skin cell models. Moreover, TBFE inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory mediators induced by ultraviolet irradiation in normal human keratinocytes, while stimulated autophagy in senescent keratinocytes. Results from clinical studies confirmed those in vitro findings, demonstrating that TBFE at 5% and 20% concentration provides anti‐aging properties in subjects with sensitive skin, in terms of improving wrinkles, moisturization, and skin lightening. Conclusions: In summary, we demonstrate that a novel mixed‐culture ferment extract has promising anti‐aging effects, which may be attributed to anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, and promotion of autophagy in skin cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have shown promising results in the treatment of hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) when combined with endocrine therapy (ET). It is crucial to evaluate the actual effectiveness and safety of CDK4/6i in clinical practice, as well as to analyze the factors that can predict their outcomes. Methods: Patients with HR+ MBC who received CDK4/6i‐based therapy between May 2016 and May 2023 at Hunan Cancer Hospital were evaluated for progression‐free survival (PFS). Adverse reactions were assessed based on the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (version 5.0). Results: This study included 344 patients, with a median PFS (mPFS) of 12.8 months (range: 10.4–15.2 months). After adjustment, Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that visceral metastasis (specifically liver and brain metastases), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥ 1, estrogen receptor ≤ 80%, progesterone receptor ≤ 10%, Ki‐67 > 30%, and treatment in later stages were significant factors associated with reduced PFS. Based on this, we created a prognostic nomogram and validated its performance, obtaining a C‐index of 0.714 (95% confidence interval: 0.640–0.787) as well as reliable calibration and clinical impact. The mPFS of CDK4/6i rechallenge was 7.7 months; for patients who initially discontinued CDK4/6i for reasons other than disease progression, CDK4/6i rechallenge still provided a mPFS of 11.4 months. The tolerability and safety of combining CDK4/6is with ET were manageable. Adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in 3.8% of patients. Neutropenia (29.1%), leukopenia (13.7%), and anemia (4.1%) were the primary grade 3/4 adverse reactions. Conclusions: This real‐world study highlights the ample efficacy and reasonable safety of combined CDK4/6i and ET in patients with HR+ MBC. Individualized treatment decisions and ongoing safety monitoring are important to optimize the therapeutic benefit of CDK4/6i treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lattice‐oxygen is highly oxidizable, ideal for electrocatalytic C−H oxidation but insufficient alone for C(O)−C bond cleavage due to the non‐removable nature of lattice sites. Here, we present a visible light‐assisted electrochemical method of in situ formulating removable lattice‐oxygen sites in a nickel‐oxyhydroxide (ESE‐NiOOH) electrocatalyst. This catalyst efficiently converts aromatic alcohols and carbonyls with C(O)−C fragments from lignin and plastics into benzoic acids (BAs) with high yields (83–99 %). Without light irradiation, ESE‐NiOOH's intrinsic lattice‐oxygen is non‐removable and inert for C(O)−C bond cleavage. In situ characterizations show light‐induced lattice‐oxygen removal and regeneration via OH− refilling. Theoretical calculations identify the nucleophilic oxygen attack on ketone‐derived carbanion as a rate‐determining step, which can be remarkably facilitated by removable lattice‐oxygen to activate α‐C−H bonds. As a proof‐of‐concept, an "electrochemical funnel" strategy is developed for high‐efficiency upgrading aromatic mixtures with C(O)−C moieties into BA with up to 94 % yield. This in situ removal‐regeneration approach for lattice sites opens an avenue for the tailored design of interfacial electrocatalysts to selectively upcycle waste carbon sources into valuable products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals are easily threatened by heat stress or hypothermia in outdoor environments. Therefore, there is a pressing necessity for thermal regulation materials capable of adapting to temperature shocks. Herein, an aerogel‐functionalized textile as a passive thermal regulator (AT‐PTR) is designed and demonstrated, comprising a heating side composed of carbon nanotube‐modified cotton fabric and a cooling side built of silica aerogel‐functionalized poly(vinylidene‐co‐hexafluoropropene) P(VdF‐HFP) nanofibers. The AT‐PTR demonstrates exceptional solar absorption on the heating side, achieving a warming performance of 23.2 °C in cold winter. On the cooling side, its high solar reflectance and infrared emissivity facilitate a sub‐ambient cooling effect of 12.7 °C during hot summer. Moreover, outdoor field tests of the AT‐PTR conducted across various regions and seasons demonstrate an all‐seasonal outdoor human thermal management capability. Additionally, the AT‐PTR exhibits outstanding wind‐proof and moisture permeability, and heat flow can be simply attained by flipping the AT‐PTR, ensuring sustained thermal comfort for individuals across various environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal Trapped Waves (CTWs) have the potential to transmit significant energy from atmospheric wind systems, causing dramatic coastal changes over vast areas, even far from the wind systems. This study investigated the impacts of CTWs generated by Typhoon In‐fa (2021) on the northern South China Sea (NSCS) hydrodynamics using tide gauge observations, reanalysis data, and numerical model outputs. The analysis results indicate that the CTWs induced by Typhoon In‐fa exhibit distinct characteristics in different phases of wave crest and trough. During the crest phase, coastal currents generated by CTWs flow opposite to the background circulation, while during the trough phase, they flow in the same direction. This process is accompanied by changes in cross‐shore currents, such that during the crest phase of CTWs, the cross‐shore currents are landward at the surface and seaward at the bottom, while during the trough phase of CTWs, the cross‐shore currents become reversed. These changes further lead to downwelling in temperature, salinity, and density during the crest phase of CTWs, and upwelling during the trough phase of CTWs. Results from a linear CTW model demonstrated that the above characteristics agreed with the traditional CTW theory. Sensitivity experiments with the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) explored key factors influencing NSCS hydrodynamics, including local winds and CTWs from Typhoon In‐fa. The local winds and CTWs have different effects: they compete during the crest phase and co‐work during the trough phase, with local winds dominating the sea surface and CTWs dominating the seabed. Plain Language Summary: Under global warming, the intensity and frequency of typhoons are expected to increase. In this study, we focus on the impacts of far‐field typhoons. Large‐scale waves (with periods of several days, and wavelengths of a few thousand kilometers) excited by far‐field typhoons can propagate over the continental shelf. These waves have the potential to capture and transmit a significant amount of energy from atmospheric wind systems, leading to dramatic changes in coastal marine environments over vast areas, even far from the propagating wind systems. Using far‐field Typhoon In‐fa (2021) as an example, this study combines tide gauge observations, reanalysis data, and numerical modeling to investigate typhoon‐induced large‐scale waves and explores their impact on the hydrodynamics in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The results indicate that waves induced by far‐field Typhoon In‐fa can significantly alter the dynamics and hydrodynamics of the NSCS shelf, with differing impacts at stages of wave crest and trough. This study has great implications for hydrodynamical and ecological research in the coastal and continental shelf areas. Key Points: The Coastal Trapped Waves (CTWs) induced by far‐field Typhoon In‐fa can significantly impact the hydrodynamics in the northern South China SeaThe impacts of the CTWs exhibit distinct characteristics in different phases of wave crest and troughThe local winds control the surface response and the CTWs dominate the bottom currents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of nociceptive nerves in modulating immune responses to harmful stimuli via pain or itch induction remains controversial. Compared to conventional surgery, various implant surgeries are more prone to infections even with low bacterial loads. In this study, an optogenetic technique is introduced for selectively activating peripheral nociceptive nerves using a fully implantable, wirelessly rechargeable optogenetic device. By targeting nociceptors in the limbs of awake, freely moving mice, it is found that activation induces anticipatory immunity in the innervated territory and enhances the adhesion of various host cells to the implant surface. This effect mediates acute immune cell‐mediated killing of Staphylococcus aureus on implants and enables the host to win "implant surface competition" against Staphylococcus aureus. This finding provides new strategies for preventing and treating implant‐associated infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles within lunar soil grains are a primary product of space weathering. The microstructural and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles are diverse and their formation mechanisms are still under debate. In this paper, for the first time, tadpole‐shaped nanoparticles (with Fe‐Ni(‐S) head and Fe‐Ti‐O tail) were found in the impact melt glass spherule of an agglutinate in the returned Chang'e‐5 lunar soil, and their possible formation mechanisms were discussed. In terms of the Fe‐Ni(‐S) "head" formation mechanisms, they probably produced by shock‐induced dissemination. Another possibility is that the Fe‐Ni(‐S) heads were derived from the impact glass due to liquid immiscibility. The S degassing of FeS was contributed to nanophase Fe‐Ni metal. For the Fe‐Ti‐O tails, they are devitrified ilmenites, nucleated as a result of the passage of the Fe nanoparticles through the melt. These nanoparticles formed though impact‐induced nonequilibrium growth and recorded the movement and migration of the Fe‐Ni‐S nanoparticles within the melt. The tadpole‐shape nanoparticles provide a new example of viscous fingering in impact melts and the associated ilmenite dendrites point to the formation of high‐temperature chemical gardens in lunar impact melt. Plain Language Summary: The Moon's surface is a hostile environment. Micrometeorite impacts and solar wind irradiation have modified lunar surface for billions of years, producing large amount of nanoscale metal particles within lunar soil grains. These nanoparticles show a variety of microstructure and chemical characteristics, and the formation mechanisms are still controversial. From the returned Chang'e‐5 lunar soil, we first discovered tadpole‐shaped Fe‐Ni‐S‐Ti nanoparticles in the impact melt glass of an agglutinate particle. The composition of the nanoparticles "metal heads" indicates they could derive from impact‐induced dissemination in melts or unmixing of two immiscible melts between Fe‐S melt and silicate melt. S outgassing from FeS led to the creation of nanoscale Fe‐Ni metallic particles. The Fe‐Ti‐O tails of the nanoparticles indicate that these particles are most likely exsolution from melt during the movement and migration of the Fe‐Ni‐S nanoparticles. Our observations provide a viscous fingering in impact melts of nano‐phase metal particles in lunar soil. The presence of ilmenite dendrites suggests the occurrence of high‐temperature chemical gardens (self‐organizing nonequilibrium process) during the impact process. Key Points: Tadpole‐shaped Fe‐Ni‐S‐Ti nanoparticles have been found in the impact melt glass spherule of an agglutinate in Chang'e‐5 lunar soilThe nanoparticles made up of Fe‐Ni‐S heads and with tails made up of Fe‐Ti‐O (ilmenite)The nanoparticles provide a new example of viscous fingering and ilmenite dendrites point to high‐T chemical gardens in lunar impact melt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress accelerate cellular aging, but their impact on different tissues varies. The cornea, known for its robust antioxidant defense systems, is relatively resistant to age‐related diseases like cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which the cornea maintains ROS homeostasis during aging remain unclear. Through comparative single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of the cornea and other tissues in young and old nonhuman primates, we identified that a ZNF281 coding transcriptomic program is specifically activated in cornea during aging. Further investigation revealed that ZNF281 forms a positive feedback loop with FOXO3 to sense elevated levels of ROS and mitigate their effects potentially by regulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. Importantly, we observed that overexpression of ZNF281 in MSCs prevented cellular senescence. In summary, these findings open up possibilities for understanding tissue‐specific aging and developing new therapies targeting ROS damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]