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BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Starch‐based food is easy to retrograde during cold storage after gelatinization, which leads to quality fission and a relatively short shelf life. Some lipids can effectively enhance the storage stability of starch gels by the formation of starch–lipid complexes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP) on gelatinization, rheological and retrogradation properties of Japonica rice starch (JS) at different conditions and to analyze the correlation between the physical‐chemical properties and structural characteristics of the JS–GMP complex.The addition of GMP to JS could retard the process of starch gelatinization through forming JS–GMP complexes. The resulting JS–GMP pastes were typical pseudoplastic fluids with shear thinning, and their solid‐like properties were prominent (tan δ < 1). In addition, the retrogradation of JS–GMP complex was more inhibited during storage at −18 than at 4 °C. The added amount of GMP was negatively and highly associated with the minimum viscosity, consistency coefficient, hardness and elasticity, whereas it was positively and highly correlated with the breakdown value, fluid characteristic index and relative crystallinity. The relative crystallinity of JS was affected by GMP in an approximate dose‐dependent manner.The addition of GMP can influence the gelatinization properties, rheological properties and retrogradation characteristics of JS, and the formation of JS–GMP complex could improve the quality and storage stability of starch gel, which provides ideas for the quality control of starch‐based food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of three metal (Ag(I) and Hg(II)) complexes based on bis‐carbene ligands and correlative three precursors H2Ln·(PF6)2 (n = 1–3) were reported. In each cationic moiety of complexes 1 and 2 and the monomer of complex 3, two Ag+ (or Hg2+) ions and two Ln (n = 1–3) formed one 36‐membered macrometallocycle. There existed π–π interactions between two naphthalenes in each cationic moiety of 1 and 2. The monomers of 3 were connected together through HgO bonds to form 1D chain. In the crystal packings of 1–3, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional supramolecular structures were formed through CH˙˙˙π contacts and CH˙˙˙F H bonds. Additionally, the recognition capacity of 1 for H2PO4− was studied via fluorescence spectra, UV/Vis spectra, HRMS, 1H NMR titrations, and infrared (IR) spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Healthcare for childbearing women with complex needs demands a multi‐disciplinary approach requiring transitions between care providers, paradigms, and models of care. These transitions may create disconnects between women and the maternity care “system.” Poorly managed care transitions can lead to women becoming hostage to the power struggles between healthcare organizations and the professionals working within them, further increasing the risk of poor outcomes. This paper presents the findings of a study that aimed to better understand how midwives provide woman‐centered care for women with complex needs in the real world of maternity services.A constructivist grounded theory approach, using Clarke's situational analysis to extend critical and feminist perspectives in data analysis. Qualitative data were obtained from two sources: publicly available data, and individual interviews with providers of care (midwives) and recipients of care (women with complex pregnancies).Woman‐centered care is defined as care in which the woman is seen, heard, and known. “The midwifery capabilities theory” describes the process whereby midwives create opportunities to develop women's capabilities. Capabilities are enabled through the midwifery relationship creating space, moments in time, and equalizing power and positionality.Aligning with contemporary theories surrounding the provision of midwifery care, the midwifery capabilities theory recognizes the individual health and social status of women and the rights to self‐determination. This centers care around each individual's needs, which, in addition to improving health and well‐being outcomes, contributes to improved self‐confidence, enhancing engagement through authentic professional relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Background Materials and Methods Results Conclusions We seek to describe the current practice pattern use of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and fibrinogen concentrate (FC) in trauma patients.Trauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC) and endotheliopathy of trauma (EOT) contribute significantly to mortality from traumatic haemorrhage. FC, and 4‐factor PCC are potential treatments for EOT and TIC, respectively.We obtained data from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) registry and identified patients who received either PCC or FC using procedural codes. We used descriptive statistics to characterise practice patterns of these products.There were 6 714 002 total encounters within the TQIP from 2017 to 2022, of which 10 589 received PCC and 3009 received FC. Of the recipients, there were 35 that received both products. There were 44 that received both. The median age of PCC recipients was 77 (69–84) with 19 patients <15 years of age with the youngest being 2 years of age. There was a general upward trend in the number of facilities with documented use of PCC: 155/744, 168/766, 189/764, 206/780, 234/795, and 235/816, respectively. The median age of FC recipients was 57 (32–75) with 48 patients <15 years of age with the youngest being 1 year of age. There was a minor downward trend in the number of facilities that had documented use of FC: 55, 44, 39, 32, 38 and 40.The administration of PCC and FC remains uncommon, although there appears to be an upward trend of PCC use. Most PCC use appeared to be for anticoagulation reversal in the setting of head trauma. Data guiding the use of these products are necessary as these products become more recognised as adjuncts to traumatic haemorrhage control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn─I2) battery is a promising energy storage system due to its inherent safety, high theoretical capacity, sustainability, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the shuttle effect of polyiodide severely affects the stable loading of active iodine and even accelerates the corrosion of the Zn anode, thus impeding its further advancement. Herein, a unique trimethylsulfonium cation (TMS+) with strong adsorption is proposed to stabilize both the iodine cathode and Zn anode. Benefiting from the robust interaction between TMS+ and polyiodide, the electrolyte can effectively immobilize large‐capacity iodine in the form of oily precipitate, thus avoiding the shuttle effect of polyiodide and the Zn corrosion. Additionally, TMS+ can be preferentially adsorbed on various Zn facets, inducing an electrostatic shielding effect to inhibit Zn dendrite growth. Consequently, Zn anode can be stably cycled over 3400 h at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2, and a large areal capacity of 2.71 mAh cm−2 as well as long‐life stability over 6400 cycles is achieved for Zn─I2 battery. Furthermore, cation adsorption engineering is practically utilized in pouch cells, realizing superior fast‐charging stability over 790 cycles. This electrolyte modification with dual stabilizations is anticipated to be applied to other metal‐iodine batteries as a cost‐effective, facile, and safe strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An engineered tetra‐amide macrocycle is presented, and its conformation and anion recognition properties are investigated. The tetra‐amide macrocycle 1, containing the m‐amino benzoic acid, 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylic acid and m‐xylenedinediamine adopts an envelope‐like conformation in solid‐state, where the m‐xylenedinediamine ring is perpendicular with the molecular plain. The tetra‐amide macrocycle 1 is able to bind anions such as halides, sulphate and phosphate in DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide) solution. The stabilities of the fluoride (2.6×103 M−1) and chloride (5.6×102 M−1) complexes of 1 in DMSO is higher than that of bromide (66 M−1) and iodide (52 M−1). SO42− complexes of 1 in DMSO is more stable than the HSO4−, NO3− and H2PO4− complexes. Using this information, a quantitative evaluation of the stability of the 1 : 1 complex of 1, for which overall binding energy in the order −123.98 kcal/mol for SO42−was calculated. The strong binding affinity of the tetra‐amide macrocycle 1 toward the SO42− ion can be explained on the basis of non‐covalant interaction like ion−dipole interaction, hydrogen bonding interaction and size selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four novel lanthanide La (III), Ce (III), Nd (III), and Dy (III) complexes with (Z)‐4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylamino)‐3‐((benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylimino)methyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (L) were prepared and characterized. The novel compounds' structural compositions were elucidated by the application of analytical and spectroscopic methodologies. From physical and chemical measurements, the general formula for the [LnLCl3]2H2O complexes (C1‐C4) was proposed, which was proven by theoretical measurements. Using cisplatin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and ascorbic acid as standards, the compound's anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant qualities were assessed, and activities followed the order: Ce (III)L(C2) > Nd (III)L(C3) > Dy (III)L(C4) > La (III)L(C1) > L where the Ce (III) complexes exhibited the highest activity followed by Nd (III) complexes. Molecular docking studies were performed using the MOA2022 software to identify putative binding mechanisms for the methionine adenosyl‐transferases in liver cancer (PDB ID: 5A19) and the most active site of the Bacillus subtilis receptor (PDB ID: 5e6k), where the strength of the interaction increases with the negative binding energy L ˂ [LaLCl3] ˂ [DyLCl3] ˂ [NdLCl3] ˂ [CeLCl3]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Theabrownins (TBs) are one of most important quality components in dark tea, but have not been produced industrially. In this study, the aqueous extract was obtained from Pu‐erh ripe tea, one kind of dark tea. Caffeine, theaflavin, catechin and saponin were removed by trichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n‐butanol in turn to obtain a TB isolate. The TB isolate was subjected to column chromatography using a macroporous resin HPD‐750 and eluted with a gradient of 0–700 g kg−1 ethanol aqueous solution. Four fractions were obtained, and named as TBs‐FC1, TBs‐FC2, TBs‐FC3 and TBs‐FC4. RESULTS: These four fractions contained polysaccharides and no small molecules such as catechins, caffeine and theaflavins as well as average molecular weights of 123.000 kDa, 23.380 kDa, 89.870 kDa and 106.600 kDa. It was revealed that they were complexes of TBs and tea polysaccharide conjugates (TPCs). Ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐visible) and infrared (IR) spectra showed the properties of TBs and TPCs. Their zeta potentials ranged from −13.40 mV to −38.80 mV in aqueous solutions at pH 3.0–9.0. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that TBs do not exist in free state but in combined state in dark tea, which provide the theoretical basis for the industrialization of TBs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new polyimine polymer (PL) containing sulphone functional groups was prepared from polycondensation of Schiff base (L) with terephthaloyl chloride at a very moderate condition. The polymer metal complexes were then synthesized from the reaction of polymer with metal salts. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and CHNS elemental analysis have been used to characterize all the synthesized materials. The excellent thermal stability of PL was specified by TGA. The optical features were assessed with the UV‐visible technique. The polymer complexes represent absorbance at the same wavelength as L and PL. The synthesized polymer metal complexes have a band gap varying from 3.19 (CuPL) to 2.77 (CdPL) eV. The inherent viscosities for the synthesized polymer is 0.4490 dL/g in DMF at 25 °C, indicating their moderate molecular weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An INCOSE‐wide initiative has exposed at least 600 heuristics. Previous work indicates that rationalizing and simplifying this set to make it useful and memorable is difficult, if not intractable. Difficulty Assessment Tools (DATs) have been used for years to characterize the difficulty of a problem and provide tailored advice. This paper explores using a DAT to characterize the problem, and using the outputs to provide heuristic and other forms of advice. To test this approach, 50 heuristics and 10 principles were scored and embedded into an online DAT. An experiment was conducted to determine whether the DAT discussion, recommended approach, and heuristic/principles advice were useful. All teams considered the discussion very useful. As might be expected, the results indicated that the heuristic usefulness was a function of the teams' experience and familiarity with the task. The tool prioritization of suitable heuristics met developers' expectations, but was undetected by the users. This maybe because the heuristics were a hand‐picked set of 50 Heuristics from a set of 600+, meaning all were highly useful. Further work is proposed to check this assessment. The DAT usefulness results indicate that Systems Engineers should use the DAT to inform their approach throughout the lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The INCOSE Complex Systems Working Group Heuristics Team has selected 67 Principles and Heuristics that are considered to be particularly relevant to Complex Systems. These have been incorporated into a Difficulty Assessment Tool that prioritizes the list of Principles and Heuristics based on scoring of a matrix of four Difficulty Elements and six System Elements (to characterize the nature of the complexity). The purpose of this paper is to describe an initial assessment of the effectiveness and usefulness of the Difficulty Assessment Tool. The Tool has been used to assess eight Case Studies by five assessment teams — one with three people working together, one with two people and the remaining three with individual assessments. The results of these assessments have been compared using four different correlation methods, using the total weighted Heuristic score, the maximum weighted Heuristic score, a Match / Mismatch analysis of the top fifteen and bottom seven Heuristics, and a difference ranking between pairs of assessors of all 67 Principles and Heuristics. The last two assessment methods are shown to be more insightful. The assessment teams then reviewed the relevance of the highest and lowest‐ranked Principles and Heuristics to the full Case Study definitions (Problem and Outcome). There is good agreement of relevance for the highest‐ranking Principles and Heuristics, less so for the lowest‐ranking ones. Based on this initial assessment, the DAT shows promise to help people develop complex systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for further assessment of the Difficulty Assessment Tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in instrumentation and development of computational strategies for ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) studies have contributed to an extensive growth in the application of this analytical technique to comprehensive structural description of supramolecular systems. Apart from the benefits of IM‐MS for interrogation of intrinsic properties of noncovalent aggregates in the experimental gas‐phase environment, its merits for the description of native structural aspects, under the premises of having maintained the noncovalent interactions innate upon the ionization process, have attracted even more attention and gained increasing interest in the scientific community. Thus, various types of supramolecular complexes and assemblies relevant for biological, medical, material, and environmental sciences have been characterized so far by IM‐MS supported by computational chemistry. This review covers the state‐of‐the‐art in this field and discusses experimental methods and accompanying computational approaches for assessing the reliable three‐dimensional structural elucidation of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by IM‐MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The use of two emulsifiers to fabricate a composite emulsifier is a useful strategy used to strengthen the emulsifying capacity. To investigate the feasibility of using soy protein isolate (SPI) to stabilise Pickering emulsions stabilised by soy peptide nanoparticles (SPNs), the SPI was introduced into the SPN system to fabricate SPI‐SPN complex emulsifiers, and the effects of the SPI on the properties of the SPNs and SPN‐stabilised emulsions were investigated with various oil fractions. The addition of SPI significantly reduced the particle sizes and surface hydrophobicities. Furthermore, the SPI increased the structural rearrangements of the SPNs at the oil–water interface. Compared with emulsions stabilised with the SPN alone, the droplet sizes of the SPI‐SPN emulsions were smaller, and the interface protein adsorption percentages were lower for all oil fractions. The viscosity of the SPI‐SPN emulsion was higher than that of the SPNs emulsion at Φ ≤ 0.60. Decreases in G′ and G″ were observed when the SPI was added at all Φ values tested. More importantly, the added SPI markedly enhanced the creaming stabilities of the SPN emulsions at low Φ (≤0.40). These results confirmed that SPI improved the emulsifying activity of the SPNs and enhanced the stabilities of Pickering emulsions stabilised with SPNs at low Φ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the morphological and cytotoxic properties of starch–myristic acid complex (SMC) derivatives. The study attempts to prepare a SMC by frying. By liquid–liquid extraction, starch–myristic acid complex nanostructured materials are isolated. X‐ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy are used to determine the morphology and crystallization of the extract. The study performs various assays to assess the toxicological profile of starch–myristic acid complex‐derived nanostructured materials (SMC‐NMs), including cellular viability tests, cellular and nuclear morphological examinations, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal nanoscale particles between 30 and 90 nm in water fraction‐based SMC‐NMs (WSMC‐NMs) and 160 and 250 nm in methanol fraction‐based SMC‐NMs (MSMC‐NMs). The WSMC‐NMs and MSMC‐NMs decrease the cell viability by 77% and 91% at 250 µg mL−1, respectively. The SMC‐NMs enhance necrotic cell death by increasing the level of ROS in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The SMC‐NMs alter gene expression within 24 h. Gene expression of GSTM3 and GSR has explicitly upregulated in a dose‐dependent manner in WSMC‐NMs and MSMC‐NMs exposed cells. The study finds that nanoscale particles may develop during cooking, increasing the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of electrode materials with high rate and excellent cycling stability is the key to supercapacitors. Due to their remarkable high conductivity and great electrochemical activity, transition bimetallic sulfides are extremely appealing electrode materials for supercapacitors, but their synthesis is still challenging. In this study, a NiCo bimetallic sulfide (NiCo2S4) microspheres with porous structure were prepared via direct vulcanization of NiCo‐EG complexes followed by a thermal treatment, which were pre‐synthesized via coordination of ethylene glycol (EG) with transition metal ions (Ni2+, Co2+) under hydrothermal condition. Some experimental parameters were investigated, including the control of NiCo2S4 microspheres produced by the ratio of precursor NiCo‐EG to different masses of sulfur sources, which in turn affects the electrochemical properties. When applied as electrode for supercapacitor, the NiCo2S4 microspheres obtained under optimal condition delivered a high capacitance (1386 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (845 F g−1 at 10 A g−1) and stable cycling performance (80.05% after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g). Furthermore, for checking the practicality of the produced NiCo2S4 microspheres, an asymmetric supercapacitor device was built using activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode and NiCo2S4 microspheres as the positive electrode. The assembled NiCo2S4//AC cell had a power density of 799.9 W kg−1 and an energy density of 30.5 Wh kg−1, confirming that the structurally optimized NiCo2S4 porous nanomicrospheres have excellent electrochemical properties and have a wide range of application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complexation can be utilized to modify starch properties. In this study, tapioca starch–methyl myristate (SM) complexes are prepared by mixing tapioca starch and methyl myristate (MM) in water at 90 °C. The MM amount is varied at 1%–10% w/w to study its effects on the complexes' physicochemical properties, which are characterized using spectroscopic, thermal, crystallinity, particle size, and microscopic analyses. The complexes are stable crystalline materials, as iodine cannot replace complexed MM. In water, these complexes aggregate to form two different sizes of 29.5–162.7 nm (23%–58% population) and 711.2–7086.7 nm (42%–77% population), which melt at 90–95 °C. Solid complexes form porous morphologies, which start degrading at 260.3–263.4 °C, indicating high thermal stability. An in vitro digestibility study using α‐amylase shows that the higher the MM amount is, the slower the starch degradation. At 120 min digestion time, the complexes produce 11%–16% lower reducing sugar than native starch (S). This shows that starch complexation with MM complexes can produce starch materials with slower digestibility. For the kinetic analysis, the Weibull model fits better than the exponential model for analyzing the digestion kinetics of SM complexes by the α‐amylase enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the manner of Oedipus Rex, the myth of Myrrha—a story about a daughter's initiation of sex with her father—promises to divulge insights about feminine development. Given parallels between these two myths, the author asks why Jung identified Electra rather than Myrrha as the feminine counterpart to Oedipus, and revisits Freud's and Jung's differing interpretations of the incest theme in personality development. To break open the metaphor of Myrrha's incest, the author analyzes a similar account of incest in the Old Testament story of Lot and his wife and finds that they share a theme of female bitterness related to wounding of the mother and its arresting effect on the daughter's maturation. The article then considers the Demeter‐Persephone myth, a tale not of incest but rape in Persephone's initiation into womanhood. In contrast to Myrrha, Persephone's development unfolds with strong maternal support tempered by the opposing claims on her by the masculine. The article draws these stories together to illuminate the archetypal forces that drive feminine development as well as the human affairs that resist and complicate them. The article concludes with a case study of a client whose developmental "stuckness" follows the contours of the Myrrha myth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mnemiopsin 1 (Mn1) and Mnemiopsin 2 (Mn2) are photoproteins found in Mnemiopsis leidyi. We have tried to answer the question of whether the structural features of photoproteins can explain the observed activity data. According to the activity measurements data, they have the same characteristic wavelength. However, the initial intensity of Mn2 is significantly higher than that of Mn1, and decay time of Mn1 (0.92 s−1) is lower than that of Mn2 (1.46 s−1). The phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that, compared with Obelin and Aequorin from Obelia longissima and Aequorea victoria, respectively, a gene modification event may have caused the expansion of the N‐terminal side of all photoproteins from M. leidyi. An in silico study has shown that the stability of the photoprotein–substrate complex of Mn2 is higher than that of Mn1, indicating a higher affinity of the substrate for Mn2 compared with Mn1. It was revealed that the active EF‐hand loops 1 and III in Mn2 is locally more rigid compared with those in Mn1. We concluded that different stability of the photoprotein complexes leads to different initial intensity. While different patterns of the local dynamics of loops I and III may influence the decay rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies for a variety of metal ion complexes of functionalised sarcophagines (sarcophagine=sar=3,6,10,13,16,19‐hexa‐azabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane) have further confirmed not only that the form of the metal ion/sar unit is unique for each metal, albeit with a sensitivity of the conformation to the associated counter anions, but also that for any given metal and ligand substituent, the dimensions (bond lengths and angles) of the complex and the substituent at the secondary nitrogen centres do not differ significantly from those of the isolated components. Despite this, where the substituent contains reactive sites, the reactivity differs markedly from that of their form in an uncoordinated substrate. Rationalisations are offered for these differences, in part through the use of Hirshfeld surface analysis of the intermolecular interactions. The kinetic inertness of the complexes means that the metal ions can be considered to act as regioselective protecting groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Potato protein possesses strong potential for application in the food industry due to its outstanding nutritional and functional properties. However, the inevitable industrial processing often brings adverse effects. The use of a polysaccharide and protein complex is a promising way to improve the performance of potato protein. This work aimed to investigate the effects of different physical factors on the potato protein/chitosan (PP/CS) complex system. RESULTS: The addition of NaCl was not conductive to the formation of PP/CS complexes, resulting in significantly decreased peak turbidities from 1.29 to 0.75. The effect of different ions on PP/CS system matched with the Hofmeister series in the following order: Li+ > Control > Na+ > K+; SCN− > I− > NO3− > Br− ≈ Control > Cl− > SO42−, among which the salting‐in ions (Li+, Br−, NO3−, I− and SCN−) tended to promote the formation of PP/CS complexes. The turbidity increased significantly when the reaction temperature rose to 45 °C and above, and peak turbidity was obtained at lower pH values. The PP/CS system reaction at 45 °C led to the highest whiteness value, and the Maillard reaction could occur when the temperature was above 45 °C. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study confirmed that different physical factors led to strong influences on PP/CS complexes, especially when considering the Hofmeister series and the Maillard reaction. These findings could have significant implications for the utilization of potato protein in complex food systems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Healthcare research exploring the lived experiences of health care professionals from different disciplines, such as nursing, medicine, and allied health, has repeatedly highlighted many methodological challenges, especially in understanding the individual human experience within complex systems. In response, complexity theory and phenomenological approaches emerged and evolved in ways that potentially offered researchers frameworks to inform an understanding of the individual human experience. However, while these two theoretical approaches inform a method of inquiry, there is a gap in understanding the phenomenon of 'being' and how this is embodied within complex systems such as the healthcare system. The Aims and Objectives: The aim of this paper is to present an integrated theoretical framework, namely complex adaptive phenomenology (CAP). CAP aims to address this inquiry gap by offering a structured conceptual framework wherein complexity theory and phenomenology are complementary but multi‐dimensional. The key objective of CAP was to synthesize and integrate two methods of inquiry that examine the relational aspects of 'being', that is the gestalt of perception, action, and context, The authors argue that CAP is well‐suited to complex research contexts such as healthcare. The framework focuses on the reciprocal, co‐constructive relationships extant between perception, meaning, context, and action that shape experiences of 'being' within complex systems. Complexity theory's connectionist orientation explains the relationships that are formative of the experience of being, while phenomenology explores the manifestations of these formative relationships by attending to the notion of 'being' itself. Conclusion: The authors propose that an integrated framework, of phenomenology and complexity theory, can provide a platform for deeper understandings of the experiences of health professionals and contribute to healthcare scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, one of the selective and potent inhibitors named (E)‐3‐benzylidene‐indoline‐2‐one (I), as against different receptor tyrosine kinase in metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth, is inspected in the gas phase and in solution, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** and B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory. A stimulating issue for this biologically active species is the effect of different media on its stability, structure, and energy gap in intermolecular [4 + 2] adsorption of I (as diene) to C20 (as dienophile) to yield (E)‐3‐benzylidene‐indoline‐2‐one[20]fullerene: Ia complex. In going from gas phase to C6H6, C2H4Cl2, EtOH, MeNO2, DMSO, and H2O solvents, individually, the optimization of complex (Ia) leads to the following: (1) The thermodynamic stability; the adsorption energy difference between liquid and gas phase (∆El–g) and dipole moment (μ) seem proportional to the dielectric constant (ε) of the scrutinized media. (2) The kinetic stability; energy difference (∆EL–H) between the frontier molecular orbitals; FMO in different media is altered in the opposite direction of ε. (3) Despite of popular belief that the endo isomer emerges thermodynamically more stable than its corresponding exo isomer, we suggest formation of kinetically more stable exo isomer because of π–π stacking among the benzyl ring and C20 nanocage. (4) The possibility of hetero [4 + 2] cycloaddition is anticipated by the lowest energy barrier of 3.8 kcal/mol probed for exo transition state (TS) in gas phase, while the highest energy barrier of 7.9 kcal/mol corresponds to the endo TS in water. (5) Due to lack of the repulsion type interaction, the exo [4 + 2] cycloaddition of unstable C20 fullerene with the scrutinized oxindole can be carried out thermally at r.t. and currently hold responsible for the origin of stereoselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are a common form of arrhythmia associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with structural heart disease. It is unclear whether PVCs site of origin and QRS‐width has a prognostic significance in patients without structural heart disease. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic importance of PVCs morphology and duration in this patient group. Methods: We included 511 consecutive patients without a history of previous heart disease. They were examined with echocardiography and exercise test with normal findings. We categorized the PVCs from a 12 lead ECG according to morphology and width of the QRS‐complex and analyzed the outcome in terms of a composite endpoint of total mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. Results: During a median follow‐up time of 5.3 years, 19 patients (3.5%) died and 61 (11.3%) met the composite outcome. Patients with PVCs originating from the outflow tracts had a significantly lower risk for the composite outcome compared to patients with non‐OT‐PVCs. Similarly, patients with PVC originating from the right ventricle had a better outcome than patients with left ventricular PCVs. No difference in outcome depending on QRS‐width during PVCs was noticed. Conclusion: In our cohort of consecutively included PVC patients without structural heart disease PVCs from the outflow tracts were associated with a better prognostic outcome than non‐OT PVCs; the same was true for right ventricular PVCs when compared to left ventricular ones. The classification of the origin of the PVCs was based on 12‐lead ECG morphology. QRS‐width during PVC did not seem to have prognostic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to characterize the mechanical properties of O/W emulsion gels stabilized through soy protein isolate (SPI)‐xanthan gum (XG) complex and to elucidate their practical usefulness in plant‐based processed meat products. O/W emulsions prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of SPI‐XG complexes, which was formed via electrostatic interactions under acidic conditions (pH 4.0), with plant oil were gelled in the presence of several hydrocolloids. Effects of hydrocolloid composition, oil type and load, and oil droplet size on the mechanical properties of the emulsion gels were investigated by dynamic viscoelasticity measurements, and fluorescence microscopy was performed for observation of the oil droplet dispersion. Results indicated that methylcellulose should be required to provide the gels with heat resistance and that the type of oil used should affect dynamic storage modulus (G') of the gels particularly at lower temperatures. It was also found that increased oil load should decrease the gel's resistance to deformation, making the gel structure brittle, and that oil drop size should affect G' and dynamic loss modulus (G") at lower strains. Food application tests indicated that the emulsion gels used had a great impact on the mechanical properties of plant‐based meat patties. These findings would contribute to the utilization of the emulsion gels as a lipid portion in plant‐based processed meat products, leading to the progress of industrial practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hesperidin and hesperetin are two important plant flavanones abundantly found in citrus fruit. They have discovered many biological activities to treat diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite their various benefits, they have poor solubility, which reduces their bioavailability and absorption. In this study, nanophytosomes have been utilized to improve their payload's solubility and bioavailability. In the current study, hesperetin or hesperidin was complexed with Phospholipon 90G with a 2:1 or 3:1 molar ratio, respectively. The formation of associations between active compounds and phospholipid were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Dynamic light scattering data show that the prepared associations in the presence of body fluids can make nanoparticles in the range of 200–250 nm. In addition, oral administration demonstrated that Cmax of hesperidin and hesperetin was increased (up to four times) after complexation with the lipid. It is concluded that phospholipid association may be used as a suitable and straightforward strategy to improve therapeutic activities of hesperidin and hesperetin by increasing their solubility and bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilonidal Sinus is a benign, chronic disease that affects the hair follicles of the natal cleft of the sacrococcygeal area. Its ideal treatment is controversial, especially in complex or recurrent cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of minimally invasive endoscopic approach in this setting. We enrolled patients affected by complex or recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus from January 2015 through December 2020 who underwent Video‐Assisted Ablation of Pilonidal Sinus. All patients enrolled were re‐evaluated once a year with a standard physical examination. The patients included were 38. Recurrence rate at 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐years follow‐ups were 28.9%, 22.2% and 38.1% respectively. Of interest, the mean (SD) distance from the most lateral orifice to the midline was higher in group of patients with recurrence and the multivariate analysis demonstrated that it was the limiting factor, which influences the recurrence rate. In complex or recurrent pilonidal sinus disease with pits off the midline the endoscopic approach should not be the first choice. This makes us think that these cases should have their own classification to be identified and guide surgeons in choosing the appropriate approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The non‐covalent interaction between α‐lactalbumin (α‐La) and dihydromyricetin (DMY) was systematically revealed based on spectrofluorimetry and molecular docking method, and the potential application of their complex as an emulsifier in nano‐emulsion was evaluated. The results showed that DMY and α‐La could form a non‐covalent complex, which led to the static fluorescence quenching of α‐La, and their complexation was driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force, causing the changes in the microenvironment around the tryptophan and tyrosine residues of α‐La, which was consistent with molecular docking analysis. The increase of the proportion of DMY in the complex could gradually improve the ability of the complex to reduce the oil/water interfacial tension and its ABTS radical scavenging ability. The stability and β‐carotene protective effect of nano‐emulsion developed by the complex were superior to those of nano‐emulsion stabilised by α‐La, which were positively correlated with the DMY concentration in the complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure of the complex of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (afRubisco) with its products 3PGAs has been determined to a resolution of 1.7 Å and is of the closed form. Type III Rubiscos such as afRubisco have 18 out of the 19 essential amino acid residues of canonical Rubisco; the 19th is Tyr rather than Phe. Superposition with the structure of a complex of the similar tkRubisco with the six‐carbon intermediate analog 2CABP shows the same conformation of the 19 residues except for Glu46 and Thr51. Glu46 adopts a unique conformation different from that in other Rubiscos and makes two H‐bonds with the ligand 3PGA. Similar to other closed state Rubiscos, the backbone of Thr51 is rotated and the side chain makes an H‐bond with the ligand 3PGA. Two product 3PGA molecules are bound at the active site, overlapping well with the 2CABP of tkRubisco/2CABP. The positions of the P1 and P2 phosphate groups differ by 0.4 and 0.53 Å, respectively, between 2CABP and the two 3PGAs. This afRubisco/3PGA complex mimics an intermediate stage of the carboxylation reaction which occurs after the production of the two 3PGA products but before the reopening of the active site. The stability of this complex suggests that the Rubisco active site will not reopen before both 3PGA products are formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of this position paper argue that there is currently very little evidence‐based practice in relation to learners with severe learning disabilities (SLD) and profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD), and that which there is, has often been badly used and/or abused. More specifically, we argue that relevant educational research undertaken so far has a strong tendency towards: (i) conflating the need for common strategies to be universally used in teaching, with the 'need' for a common curriculum; (ii) quoting research that applies to children with certain types of SEND as though it applies to all children with SEND; (iii) assuming there is a homogeneity of learning disability among people with the same condition (for example Down's syndrome, autism) and (iv) encouraging assumptions that any academic progress, no matter how small the gain, is axiomatically superior in value for all pupils. The authors conclude that there is need for a new look at 'evidence‐based practice' for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A solvent method was used to prepare the inclusion compound of neohesperidin (NH) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) to improve the water solubility and thermal stability of NH. The physical and chemical properties and supramolecular structure of the inclusion complex were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TG‐DTG, PXRD, NMR and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that the C‐ring of NH was embedded in the cavity of HP‐β‐CD to form an inclusion complex. The phase has changed significantly, NH is completely dispersed in HP‐β‐CD in an amorphous state, and the two are combined in the form of non‐covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces. Through inclusion of HP‐β‐CD, the solubility of NH in water at 37 °C increased from 161.81 μg ml−1 to 1927.12 μg ml−1, and its stability was also significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are powerful regulators of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the specific molecular requirements controlling the bioavailability of BMPs in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are not yet fully understood. Our previous work showed that BMPs are targeted to the ECM as growth factor‐prodomain (GF‐PD) complexes (CPLXs) via specific interactions of their PDs. We showed that BMP‐7 PD binding to the extracellular microfibril component fibrillin‐1 renders the CPLXs from an open, bioactive V‐shape into a closed, latent ring shape. Here, we show that specific PD interactions with heparin/heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) allow to target and spatially concentrate BMP‐7 and BMP‐9 CPLXs in bioactive V‐shape conformation. However, targeting to GAGs may be BMP specific, since BMP‐10 GF and CPLX do not interact with heparin. Bioactivity assays on solid phase in combination with interaction studies showed that the BMP‐7 PD protects the BMP‐7 GF from inactivation by heparin. By using transmission electron microscopy, molecular docking, and site‐directed mutagenesis, we determined the BMP‐7 PD‐binding site for heparin. Further, fine‐mapping of the fibrillin‐1‐binding site within the BMP‐7 PD and molecular modeling showed that both binding sites are mutually exclusive in the open V‐ versus closed ring‐shape conformation. Together, our data suggest that targeting exquisite BMP PD‐binding sites by extracellular protein and GAG scaffolds integrates BMP GF bioavailability in a contextual manner in development, postnatal life, and connective tissue disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new complexes based on 4,4′‐[1,3‐phenylenebis(oxy)]diphthalic acid (H4L) ligands were synthesized, namely, [Cd2(L)(1,10‐phen)2(H2O)]n(1) and [Co2(L)(1,10‐phen)2(H2O)]n(2), in which 2D structures transform into 3D supramolecular structures by CH···π interaction. The proton conductivity of complexes 1 and 2 at low temperature is close (σ1 = 3.12 × 10−8 S cm−1 and σ2 = 3.81 × 10−8 S cm−1 at 30°C), but these two complexes show different conduction mechanisms. The Vehicular mechanism in 1 is caused by the O···H/H···O contact in 1, which is stronger than 2, and the Grotthuss mechanism in 2 is caused by the N···H/H···N contact in 2, which is stronger than 1. At the same time, complex 1 showed excellent antibacterial properties in vitro, mainly reflected in that five kinds of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas putida, and Pectobacterium carotovora) could play an obvious inhibitory effect in the concentration range of 20 μg·ml−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoid complexes have more biological activities than parent flavonoids, including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and many others. Selenium is an essential trace element for human body. Therefore, a quercetin‐Se complex was synthesized and analyzed in this paper, getting the results as following: (1) A light‐ yellow product was obtained with the max yield of 30.30 %. (2) The complex molecule contains two quercetin units and a selenoxyl group, called selenious acid acyl diquercetin. (3) It has a strong antioxidant activity with a maximum DPPH scavenging rate of 97.71 %. In addition, we prepared a skin cream containing 1 % quercetin selenium complex, and it has excellent antioxidant activity with a DPPH scavenging rate of 82.4 %. Therefore, the generated selenious acid acyl diquercetin is a potential antioxidant material for skin care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinicians are trained to diagnose disease and recommend treatments or procedures. This is the focus of much of undergraduate training, but delivery of healthcare depends on so much more than theoretical knowledge and technical skill. It is a complex environment where professionals from different backgrounds have to work together to deliver safe pathways of care to patients who have very varied backgrounds. This can lead to inefficiency and variation in provision of care and clinical outcomes. In turn, this can negatively impact on the experience of patients and staff. Attempting to change this complex environment requires a unique set of skills. This article describes an international fellowship that creates a network of individuals skilled in quality improvement, human factors, service design and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cd and Co metal centered nicotinamide/nicotinic acid complexes were synthesized by chemical reactions. The complexes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffractometer (P‐XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) detector. The complexes were used as interfacial layers in between Al and p‐Si to fabricate Al/Cd‐complex/p‐Si and Al/Co‐complex/p‐Si metal semiconductor devices. The devices were characterized by current–voltage (I‐V) and current‐time (I‐t) measurements under dark and various light power intensities. The ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance values were extracted from I‐V measurements and discussed in detail by various techniques. The I‐t measurements were used to derive various detector parameters such as responsivity, photosensitivity, and specific detectivity for various power values and wavelength regions. The devices exhibited good photodiode and photodetector performance according to results, and they can be improved for optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to investigate the cation‐π interaction of Ag+ cation with [2.2]paracyclophane. It was found that cationic Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)+ and Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)2+ complex species are formed in the gas phase. Further, applying quantum mechanical calculations in the frame of the density functional theory, using B3LYP functional with Def2TZVP basis set, the most probable structures of the proved Ag+ ‐ [2.2]paracyclophane complexes were derived. In the Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)+ complex, the cation Ag+ is bounded to three carbon atoms of one benzene ring of [2.2]paracyclophane ligand via cation‐π interaction. Quite analogously is bonded also second [2.2]paracyclophane molecule in Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)2+ complex. The interaction energy, E(int), of Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)+ complex was calculated to be −220.79 kJ/mol, E(int) of Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)2+ complex is −362.67 kJ/mol. It is consistent with the formation of the considered Ag+ ‐ [2.2]paracyclophane complex species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), transition metal complexes as modifiers are used to optimize the energy‐level alignment of the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL), reduce the defects at the ETL/perovskite interface, and improve the crystallinity of the perovskite layer. Herein, it is shown that application of [Ni(NH3)6]F2 or [Co(NH3)6]F2 complexes yields a substantially improved open‐circuit voltage and fill factor, and thereby photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). The optimum PCEs of the [Ni(NH3)6]F2‐ or [Co(NH3)6]F2‐treated PSCs reach 22.58% and 22.47%, respectively, which are much higher than that of the unmodified PSC (20.21%). This study provides a direction for improving the performance of a planar PSC using a complex‐modified ETL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The market for rice protein (RP) has been steadily growing, but applications of RPs as food ingredients and functional materials are limited due to poor solubility in water. Here, the complex of RP and isolated soy protein (ISP) was prepared, and the potential utility of RP–ISP complex as an emulsifier was evaluated. The solubility of the RP solution was 25.8% whereas it was greatly increased to 68.4% in the RP–ISP complex. The properties of RP and RP–ISP complex were assessed by scanning electron microscope, gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and surface hydrophobicity test. Next soybean oil emulsions were prepared using the RP and RP–ISP complex. The RP‐stabilised emulsion was unstable to storage. In contrast, the RP–ISP complex‐stabilised emulsions showed good stability, especially when more than 0.2% ISP was added. These data suggest that the preparation of soluble RPs by ISP could expand the applications of RP in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal (II) complexes of Cu (II) (1), and Ni (II) (2) with Schiff base derived from 4‐amino‐antipyrine were synthesized. These complexes were fully characterized by FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopies, crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. Crystal structures of these two complexes were mononuclear. Furthermore, complex Cu (II) (1), of [CuII(H2L1)(NO3)] composition, is 4‐coordinated in a square‐planar environment. Complex Ni (II) (2) is six‐coordinated in an octahedral geometry and can be described as [NiII (H2L2)2]; this crystal structure additionally contains solvent—DMSO molecule. The experimental structural models are interpreted by Hirshfeld surface analysis, density functional theory calculations, Molecular Electrostatic Potential, and the atoms in molecules method. Density functional theory calculations support all experimental results, as well as predict the correct structure of complexes. In addition, the types of interactions in the structure of the complexes were identified by Hirshfeld surface analysis, and molecular electrostatic potential was used to confirm the formation of these interactions, and the results of these studies are consistent. Then the theory of atom in molecule was performed, which predicts the type of interaction of the ligand metal non‐covalently with ionic nature. To determine the mechanism of adsorption of complexes on chitosan, a Monte Carlo adsorption locator was utilized. The adsorption process of complex [CuII (H2L1)NO3]and [NiII(H2L2)2(C2H6SO)] in the aqueous phase on CS was calculated by Monte Carlo adsorption locator. The results showed complex [NiII(H2L2)2(C2H6SO)] had a high binding efficiency on CS compared with complex [CuII (H2L1)NO3]. Moreover, the anticancer effects of ligands and complexes toward MTT assay against SW480 cancer cell lines were investigated. The biological activity results illustrate that the ligands and complexes have anticancer activity. Molecular docking studies were also carried out for both complexes to find their binding affinity with protein B‐cell lymphorna (BCL‐2, PDB ID: 4LXD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two tetranuclear 3d–4f heterometallic complexes [Cu2Ln2(NO3)4(OAc)2L4] (Ln = Dy 1, Tb 2) were obtained under solvothermal reactions of 1‐amino‐propan‐2‐ol (HL) with [Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2] and Ln (NO3)3·5H2O. The structural analyses confirmed a centrosymmetric Z‐shaped skeleton for them with the peripheral positions occupied by two Cu (II) ions. The neighboring two lanthanide ions, as well as the neighboring ions of Ln (III) and Cu (II), are all double‐bridged through two O atoms. The detailed dynamic magnetic investigation showed slow magnetic relaxation behaviors for both complexes with an energy barrier of 1.35(2) and 2.02(4) K for 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, it revealed from the electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) that complexes 1 and 2 easily undergo dimerization in solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thioether‐functionalized aminosilanes Me2Si(NH‐C6H4‐2‐SR)2 (R=Ph, Me) were lithiated with n‐BuLi and subsequently allowed to react with CuCl in the presence of PMe3. In the case of Me2Si(NH‐C6H4‐2‐SPh)2, the dinuclear complex [Cu2{Me2Si(NC6H4‐2‐SPh)2}(PMe3)2] was isolated. In [Cu2{Me2Si(NC6H4‐2‐SPh)2}(PMe3)2] the copper atoms adopt a distorted trigonal‐planar coordination (Cu−N: 191.2(2) pm, Cu−P: 216.3(1) pm, Cu−S: 244.4(1) pm). The reaction of Li2Me2Si(N‐C6H4‐2‐SMe)2 with CuCl in the presence of PMe3 led to rearrangement processes from which the ionic cluster compound [Cu(PMe3)4][Cu5{Me2Si(N‐C6H4‐2‐S)(N‐C6H4‐2‐S−Me)}2(PMe3)2] was isolated in low yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: More than 40% of adults in the United States suffer from obesity. Obesity is inextricably linked to many chronic illnesses like type‐2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, sleep apnea, stroke, and cancers. When used in combination with lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy has a vital role in treating obesity and improves short‐term and long‐term outcomes. A growing number of physicians are now interested in obesity medicine, and many of them are seeking guidance on how to treat complex patients with co‐morbidities. This review provides a practical guide to the use of anti‐obesity medications across various obesity‐related comorbidities. It provides a general review of the currently approved anti‐obesity medications and effective combinations. It discusses the highlights of the major trials and recent studies assessing the benefits of anti‐obesity medications in comorbid conditions such as type‐2 diabetes mellitus, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, renal diseases, and liver diseases. This review briefly examines the aspects of recognizing and addressing iatrogenic weight gain; discusses the precautions and prescribing considerations of anti‐obesity medications, including side effects and possible dose adjustments in various comorbid conditions; and provides an expert opinion on an individualized choice of the best anti‐obesity medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel homomultinuclear complexes [Co6(L)2(μ‐OAc)4]·2CHCl3·CH3COCH3 (1) and [Ni2(L)(H2O)2(Py)2]·2CHCl3 (2) with a newly designed rigid bis(salamo)‐type tetraoxime ligand (H4L) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra, UV–Vis absorption spectra, and X‐ray single‐crystal diffractions. Complex 1 is a novel triple‐decker symmetrical six‐core cluster structure with twofold axis and inversion center. The Co(II) atoms were sandwiched between the bis(salamo)‐type ligands and possess two different geometries of distorted tetragonal pyramid and octahedron, respectively. Complex 2 possesses a dinuclear structure and the Ni(II) atoms are located in the N2O2 cavities of the ligand, and axial coordination atoms come from the coordinated water and pyridine molecules. Both Ni(II) atoms adopt distorted octahedral geometries. The interactions were quantitatively determined by Hirshfeld surfaces analyses of complexes 1 and 2. The coordination ratios were determined by studying the fluorescence properties of complexes 1 and 2. The results of fluorescence titration experiment show that the metals to ligand binding ratios are 6:2 and 2:1 for complexes 1 and 2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are important for the regulation of transcription, DNA replication, and genome stability in eukaryotes. Although genetic studies have illustrated various biological functions of core and accessory subunits of chromatin‐remodeling complexes in plants, the identification and characterization of chromatin‐remodeling complexes in plants is lagging behind that in yeast and animals. Recent studies determined whether and how the Arabidopsis SWI/SNF, ISWI, INO80, SWR1, and CHD chromatin remodelers function in multi‐subunit complexes in Arabidopsis. Both conserved and plant‐specific subunits of chromatin‐remodeling complexes have been identified and characterized. These findings provide a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanisms by which the chromatin‐remodeling complexes function in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin America is a civilization in transition, a kind of 'in-between', as Rafael López-Pedraza would coin the expression: it is associated not only with various levels of pre-existing consciousness, but also with the emotional life of its inhabitants. This Latin American baroque speaks not only of the cultural complexes which pertain to all of the peoples in this vast territory, but also of why certain emotions - cruelty, intolerance, anxiety, sadness, resentment, joy, rage, envy, suffering, fear, indignation, jealousy, sorrow and shame, to name a few - move these complexes and acquire certain shades in each region and in each inhabitant. Let us remember the relationship that Jung establishes between the emotions and the complexes. For him, although the emotions are the same in their content, they cluster in the complexes of each individual or collective in such a specific, automatic, spontaneous and involuntary way that they possess their own energy, and no one can ignore them. Taking into account these notions of emotion and complex, we analyze some emotions proposed by López-Pedraza (2008) in his book, Emotions: A List, to draw a picture of the collective emotions that predominate among Latin Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells manage their cholesterol by negative feedback using a battery of sterol‐responsive proteins. How these activities are coordinated so as to specify the abundance and distribution of the sterol is unclear. We present a simple mathematical model that addresses this question. It assumes that almost all of the cholesterol is associated with phospholipids in stoichiometric complexes. A small fraction of the sterol is uncomplexed and thermodynamically active. It equilibrates among the organelles, setting their sterol level according to the affinity of their phospholipids. The activity of the homeostatic proteins in the cytoplasmic membranes is then set by their fractional saturation with uncomplexed cholesterol in competition with the phospholipids. The high‐affinity phospholipids in the plasma membrane (PM) are filled to near stoichiometric equivalence, giving it most of the cell sterol. Notably, the affinity of the phospholipids in the endomembranes (EMs) is lower by orders of magnitude than that of the phospholipids in the PM. Thus, the small amount of sterol in the EMs rests far below stoichiometric capacity. Simulations match a variety of experimental data. The model captures the essence of cell cholesterol homeostasis, makes coherent a diverse set of experimental findings, provides a surprising prediction and suggests new experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dinuclear Ni (II) and Zn (II) salamo‐type complexes, [Ni2(L)(μ‐OAc)(MeOH)]·2CHCl3 (1) and [{Zn2(L)(μ‐OMe)}3]·3CHCl3·MeOH (2), have been successfully synthesized by wet‐chemical method and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV–Vis spectra and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 consists of two closely related dinuclear units 1A and 1B, and complex 2 consists of three closely related dinuclear units 2A, 2B and 2C. The five units are unique example of crystallographically independent but chemically identical molecules. The Ni (II) atoms of complex 1 are located in the N2O4 coordination cavities, possessing six‐coordinated distorted octahedral geometries, but all Zn (II) atoms in complex 2 are located in the N2O3 coordination cavities, possessing five‐coordinated distorted square‐pyramid and triangular bipyramid geometries, the geometries about the Zn (II) atoms (Zn3 and Zn6) that obtain in 2B and 2C where τ5 is very close to 0.500, which is τ5Zn3 = 0.5006 and τ5Zn6 = 0.4941, respectively. The interactions were quantitatively determined by Hirshfeld surfaces analyses. Significantly, fluorescence properties were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plant glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) produce various specialized metabolites. Increasing GST density represents a strategy to enhance the yield of these chemicals; however, the gene regulatory network that controls GST initiation remains unclear.In a previous study of Artemisiaannua L., we found that a HD‐ZIP IV transcription factor, AaHD1, promotes GST initiation by directly regulating AaGSW2. Here, we identified two AaHD1‐interacting transcription factors, namely AaMIXTA‐like 2 (AaMYB16) and AaMYB5.Through the generation and characterization of transgenic plants, we found that AaMYB16 is a positive regulator of GST initiation, whereas AaMYB5 has the opposite effect. Notably, neither of them regulates GST formation independently. Rather, they act competitively, by interacting and modulating AaHD1 promoter binding activity. Additionally, the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) was shown to be associated with the AaHD1‐AaMYB16/AaMYB5 regulatory network through transcriptional regulation via a JASMONATE‐ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) protein repressor.These results bring new insights into the mechanism of GST initiation through regulatory complexes, which appear to have similar functions in a range of vascular plant taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, all‐cellulose composite materials are prepared through the dissolution and regeneration process using waste kraft papers as raw material in the sodium hydroxide/thiourea/urea solvent system. The degree of conversion is controlled by adjusting the microenvironment of the cellulose solvents, and the composite membrane is prepared by mixing the regenerated cellulose with the insoluble cellulose, which aims at adjusting the morphology and mechanical properties of the composite material. The shape of the regenerated cellulose after the dissolution and regeneration change from the original fiber into a sphere as shown by SEM images. The composite films show different phenomena, the insoluble part, and the matrix phase form a dense and strong network structure. The presence of this insoluble part increases the strength of the matrix phase and fundamentally changes the brittleness of the regenerated cellulose. This work provides a green and promising method to prepare high‐performance, environmentally friendly all‐cellulose composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using symmetrical bis (salamo)‐type tetraoxime ligand H3L and Cu (ClO4)2·6H2O in different solvent systems, two unusual homomultinuclear Cu (II) complexes, [Cu4(L)2(CH3CH2OH)2](ClO4)2·2H2O (1) and [Cu2(L)]n (ClO4)n·nCH3CN (2), were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Hirshfeld surfaces analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complex 1 includes [Cu4(L)2(CH3CH2OH)2]2+ ion, two ClO4− counter anions, two coordinated ethanol molecules and two aquatic dissociative molecules, the two deprotonated ligand (L)3− units package around four Cu (II) ions yield a centrosymmetric helical molecules with a charged linear folding center, while complex 2 forms a 1‐D linear topology structure and is only the substitution of chloroform in the solvent system of complex 1 with acetonitrile. Coordination mode of complex 2 is widely different from that of complex 1. In the Cu (II) ions of complex 1, there are two coordination modes of Cu (II) ions, the hexa‐coordinated distorted octahedral structure and the penta‐coordinated distorted tetragonal pyramid structure, but complex 2 only has almost perfect tetragonal pyramid geometry. Fluorescence properties of H3L and its complexes 1 and 2 have also been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]