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Van der Waals materials and devices incorporating them exhibit highly thickness‐dependent properties. The small lateral dimensions of mechanically exfoliated 2D‐layered flakes, however, remarkably complicate their precise thickness determination. Quantitative analysis of reflectance measurements using optical microspectroscopy is proven to be as precise as spectroscopic ellipsometry while providing an easily adaptable and non‐destructive method for thickness determination. The use of magnifying objective lenses allows obtaining the reflectance within a measurement spot of only a few microns in diameter. When the dimensions of exfoliated flakes are even smaller, however, the acquired reflectance is a superposition of those of the material of interest and the subjacent materials. To overcome this limitation, a facile approach to reduce the resolvable structure size by combining the evaluation of the reflectance measurement via transfer matrix method with spatial information extracted from optical micrographs is introduced. The efficacy when characterizing micrometer‐sized flakes is exemplarily demonstrated for thickness determination of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and a thin film of silicon dioxide. It is shown that a maximum error of less than 10% is achieved even when the flake only covers 20% of the measurement spot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new galvanic cell design of a self‐powered and 3D‐printable soft sensor showing health monitoring, object recognition, and contactless hand gesture recognition, is reported. The soft sensor consists of a 3D‐printed poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel electrolyte layer, a soft anode layer, and a soft cathode layer. The anode layer is a 3D‐printed and Cu2+ cross‐linked poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐3‐alanine‐2‐hydroxypropylmethacrylate) (PDA) hydrogel dispersed with Cu metal particles (PDA/Cu2+/Cu hydrogel), while the cathode layer is a bottom thin layer of the PAA hydrogel containing MnO2 (PAA/MnO2). Using graphite films as the soft electrodes, the soft sensor is finally assembled. The soft sensor has high force and temperature sensitivities. It gives different electric current responses under stretching, bending, pressing, and impact loading. The soft sensor is demonstrated to be useful in detecting human motion and physiological activities, e.g., breath. Based on the force and contactless temperature sensitivities, the soft sensor is used to recognize human hand gestures and plastic balls with different diameters. This 3D printable soft sensor with self‐powering, contactless motion capturing, and multi‐pimulus sensing capabilities illustrates a new pathway to make soft sensory devices for healthcare and human‐machine interaction applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes the reaction of phytic acid (PA) and urea (UM) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to synthesize flame retardant gasses (CO2, NH3) for the preparation of PVA composite films containing flame retardant microbubbles. The flame retardancy of PVA composite films was assessed using methods including limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94), and cone calorimetry. The results indicated an increase in the LOI of the PVA composite film containing flame retardant microfoam from 20% to 30% compared with the pure PVA film, and that UL 94 reached VTM‐0. Furthermore, its peak exothermic rate and total exothermic amount were reduced by 36.25% and 38.92%, respectively, compared with the pure PVA film. The investigation of the flame‐retardant mechanism employed thermogravimetric‐infrared (TG‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the CO2 and NH3 flame retardant microbubbles within the composite film render it less ignitable at the initial stage, and that the internal UM of the composite film continues to decompose, releasing CO2 and NH3 upon heating. In addition, the acidic substances decomposed by PA during combustion promote the dehydration, cross‐linking, and cyclization of PVA, generating chemical structures such as POC, POP, and PO4 with enhanced thermal stability. This encourages the formation of a continuous, dense charcoal layer and impedes the transfer of oxygen and heat into the interior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration and portable development of electronic devices urgently require flexible films with high thermal conductivity and insulation to overcome heat accumulation. The layered heterojunction composite films are prepared by the stacking technique for the first time. The morphology, structure composition and thermal stability of heterojunction films are studied. Compared with pure epoxy resin (EP), the heterojunction film still has good thermal stability at 600°C. At the same time, the plane heat conduction network constructed by the expanded graphite (EG) plane of the heterojunction film enables the film to dissipate heat effectively. In the simulation process of actual heat dissipation, the chip surface temperature can be reduced by 10°C. The thermal conductivity of the heterojunction film is 2.49 Wm−1 K−1 when the mass fraction of boron nitride‐ γ aminopropyl triethoxysilane (BN‐KH550) is 50 wt%. Compared with pure epoxy resin, the thermal conductivity is increased by 1464%. The boron nitride (BN) surface resistance of the heterojunction film is large, which can isolate the conductive path of the EG layer and provide effective electrical insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights With the wide application of modern electronic devices, the problem of electromagnetic pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the demand for efficient electromagnetic shielding materials is becoming more and more urgent. To address this problem, we homogeneously mixed polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and triiron tetraoxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles by solution blending, and prepared composite precursor membranes by taking advantage of the magnetic properties and good electromagnetic loss characteristics of Fe3O4, as well as the high thermal stability and film‐forming properties of PAN and PVP. Subsequently, carbonized PAN‐PVP/ Fe3O4 composite films with different Fe3O4 contents were successfully prepared by carbonization under high temperature inert atmosphere to convert PAN and PVP into carbon materials. It was found that the PAN‐PVP/ Fe3O4 porous carbon film with 3 wt% Fe3O4 addition had a conductivity of 3.99 S·mm−1 at a thickness of 0.42 mm, and an average EMI SET of 78.9 dB, SEA of 64.8 dB, and SSEt of 1838 dB/(cm2·g−1) in the X‐band, which is a typical wave absorbing material and can meet commercial electromagnetic shielding requirements. This work provides new ideas and methods for the research and development of polymer‐based porous carbonized film as electromagnetic shielding materials. The carbon films with rich porous structure were prepared. Fe3O4 was successfully embedded into the carbon film. Carbon films have an efficient conducting network. Carbon film has excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. The main shielding mode of carbon film is absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoscale redox‐active molecular films are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage applications due to their ability to facilitate long‐range charge transport. However, establishing stable and efficient electrode‐molecule interfaces remains a critical challenge. In this study, the properties of redox‐active copper‐polypyridyl thin films covalently bonded to graphite rods are explored, investigating their potential as supercapacitors. Using an electrochemical grafting method, robust covalent interfaces are created, resulting in copper‐polypyridyl films prepared on graphite rods and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, exhibiting both Cu(II) and Cu(I) redox states. These redox‐active mettalo‐oligomeric films demonstrate a structural transition between octahedral and tetrahedral geometries around the Cu(II), and Cu(I), respectively contributing to their charge storage capabilities. The combination of an electrical double‐layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance through Faradaic charge transfer is evaluated in different acidic electrolytes, showing significant capacitance enhancement. Notably, proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) at free pyridine‐N sites in Cu(I) polypyridyl complex is identified as a key factor in their distinct behavior in aqueous solutions, a finding supported by computational studies. This study shows the potential of binder‐free thin films for efficient supercapacitor applications, with a maximum areal capacitance of 6.8 mF cm⁻2 in aqueous media, representing an 1840% improvement over bare graphite rods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relentless drive toward miniaturization in microelectronic devices has sparked an urgent need for materials that offer both high thermal conductivity (TC) and excellent electrical insulation. Thermal interface materials (TIMs) possessing these dual attributes are highly sought after for modern electronics, but achieving such a combination has proven to be a formidable challenge. In this study, a cutting‐edge solution is presented by developing boron nitride (BN) and graphite films layered silicone rubber composites with exceptional TC and electrical insulation properties. Through a carefully devised stacking‐cutting method, the high orientation degree of both BN and graphite films is successfully preserved, resulting in an unprecedented through‐plane TC of 23.7 Wm−1 K−1 and a remarkably low compressive modulus of 4.85 MPa. Furthermore, the exceptional properties of composites, including low thermal resistance and high resilience rate, make them a reliable and durable option for various applications. Practical tests demonstrate their outstanding heat dissipation performance, significantly reducing CPU temperatures in a computer cooling system. This research work unveils the possible upper limit of TC in BN‐based TIMs and paves the way for their large‐scale practical implementation, particularly in the thermal management of next‐generation electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of re‐purposing end‐of‐life commercial supercapacitors as electrochemical desalination cells, aligning with circular economy principles. A commercial 500‐Farad supercapacitor was disassembled, and its carbon electrodes underwent various degrees of modification. The most straightforward modification involved NaOH‐etching of the aluminum current collector to produce free‐standing carbon films. More advanced modifications included CO2 activation and binder‐added wet processing of the electrodes. When evaluated as electrodes for electrochemical desalination via capacitive deionization of low‐salinity (20 mM) NaCl solutions, the minimally modified NaOH‐etched carbon electrodes achieved an average desalination capacity of 5.8 mg g−1 and a charge efficiency of 80 %. In contrast, the CO2‐activated, wet‐processed electrodes demonstrated an improved desalination capacity of 7.9 mg g−1 and a charge efficiency above 90 % with stable performance over 20 cycles. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling supercapacitors for sustainable water desalination applications, offering a promising avenue for resource recovery and re‐purposing in pursuing environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports monitoring equipment that integrates advanced sensing technology has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Hence, we proposed a TPU/PLA 3D printing film triboelectric nanogenerator (TP‐TENG) to monitor basketball player posture for training effectiveness evaluation. By introducing carbon fibers, TPU/PLA/Carbon film with conductive and positive triboelectric properties was prepared. According to results, the peak power density is 58.38 mW m−2 when the load resistance of 30 MΩ is matched. Nevertheless, when TP‐TENG encounters wrinkles and continues to work for a period of time, its output performance will tend to stabilize. And the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), transfer charge (QSC), and short‐circuit current (ISC) increase to 91 %, 92 %, and 92 %, respectively, almost the same as their original values. Furthermore, the TP‐TENG sensor can recognize human posture in different basketball motion posture, including skipping, squatting, walking, running. This work can help to promote the application of 3D printing TENG in basketball sports monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of various metal acetylene dicarboxylates (MxADC, M=Cu, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni) via new methods are reported. The previously unknown crystal structures for Ag2ADC and FeADC are presented. The behaviour of the different metal dicarboxylates and their role as graphitization catalysts in a printable highly energetic carbon precursor is investigated in detail. Despite the copper compound has the lowest decomposition temperature of all studied acetylene dicarboxylates and is significantly enhancing the conductivity of carbon thin films obtained at low pyrolysis temperatures, the catalytic effect of cobalt and iron on graphitizing carbon results in a superior conductivity in carbon thin films pyrolyzed at lower temperatures down to 600 °C. The newly designed precursors are demonstrated to produce micro‐supercapacitors via 3D‐piezoelectric inkjet technique at low pyrolysis temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel surface modification technique for graphite films (GF) to improve the interface thermal resistance with epoxy resin was presented. By utilizing the self‐polymerization of dopamine (PDA), dopamine micro and nanoparticles were formed on the surface of the GF. Subsequently, the surface of the epoxy resin was functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) through grafting of the silane coupling agent 3‐glycidyl ether oxy‐propyl trimethoxy silane (GOPTS), enabling the introduction of epoxy resin groups onto the surface of the GF. Employing a simple folding technique, a three‐dimensional GF network (3DGF) was constructed, in which modified GF was successfully incorporated into the polymer matrix. The results showed that the 3DGF network further promoted the effective transfer of heat and electrons within the composite, leading to a significant improvement in thermal and electrothermal conversion performance. The prepared 3DGPGF/epoxy resin composite exhibits high thermal conductivity (7.14 W/mK) at a relatively low GF loading (31.9 wt%). Under a voltage of 12 V, the surface temperature of the sample rapidly rises from room temperature to 130°C within 200 s, and can completely melt ice cubes within 60 s. These results indicate that epoxy‐silane‐dopamine‐modified graphite film can be a promising candidate material, and this work provides a promising strategy for designing and manufacturing high‐performance composites with improved thermal properties. The developed method has the potential to be extended to other polymer matrices and fillers, and the prepared composites have enormous potential in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin composite films hold great promise for microwave devices for microwave absorption. This work mainly focuses on the investigation of the microwave absorption and mechanical studies of a composite thin film of activated carbon and manganese ferrite as conductive fillers within a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The production of activated carbon was successfully accomplished using a pyrolysis technique. Composite films consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and activated carbon‐manganese ferrite were fabricated using a solution blending method. The composite films maintained a consistent concentration of activated carbon at 5 wt%. The characterization of the materials was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The composite consists of 3 wt% of MnFe2O4 and 5 wt% Activated carbon/PVDF showed exceptional absorption properties and achieved a minimum reflection loss of around −38 dB at a frequency of 8–12 GHz at a thickness of 2 mm. Significantly, the composite film exhibited a greater tensile strength than the PVDF film. The results of our study highlighted the enhanced microwave absorption and economical manufacturing technique for producing composite films. These films exhibit promising microwave‐absorbing properties in stealth applications. Highlights: A facile strategy to fabricate thin film PVDF composites was proposed.Novel activated carbon was synthesized to enhance the conductivity.Achieved reflection loss of around −38 dB at a frequency of 8–12 GHz.Synergistic effects of fillers enhanced dielectric and magnetic losses.Exhibited efficient mechanical performance and microwave absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TC4 titanium alloy has been widely used in the automotive field due to its exceptional properties. However, inherent defects such as low hardness and poor wear resistance for TC4 alloy limited its wider application. The microarc oxidation (MAO) technique was employed in this paper to prepare MAO coatings on TC4 titanium alloy. The microstructure, phase structure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance were systematically evaluated. The results show that the coating contains a large amount of rutile TiO2 hard phase after MAO treatment, which significantly improves the mechanical properties of the substrate. The hardness of the MAO coating can reach 581 HV.05. Furthermore, the synergistic lubrication effect of onion‐like carbon (OLC) nanoparticles and organic molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) in PAO oil was observed for MAO‐treated TC4. Particularly, when.01 wt.% OLC is used with 1 wt.% MoDTC oil, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases to.062, and the wear rate decreases to 4.3 × 10−7 mm3/Nm. Combined Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicate that OLC is deposited on coating area to form a lubricating carbon film. Additionally, OLC can promote the decomposition of MoDTC during sliding to generate a tribofilm containing MoS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In carbon allotropes, interfacial engineering of various sp2 nanocarbon building blocks has shown great promise in designing and fabricating creative nanocarbon assemblies with novel structural and functional properties. Here, a robust, flexible, metal‐like heterostructured carbon nanotube (CNT) film formed of amorphous graphene nanosheets (AGNs) on CNT networked film is demonstrated, presenting a sp3‐sp2 dominated interfacial heterostructure. Extensive characterization reveals that AGN exhibits a complete absence of long‐range periodicity with twisty six‐member rings. Such 2D graphene mailed 1D CNT structure endows the heterostructured carbon nanocomposite film with a combination of unique properties, including surface nano‐flattening (flatness fourfold of the raw CNT film), excellent anti‐wear performance, greatly enhanced modulus (enhanced by 400%), hardness (enhanced by 300 times), and conductivity (enhanced by 270%). Unlike conventional carbon‐based materials, such flexible films show distinct substantial deformability and rapid resilience over wide temperatures (−196–≈1300 °C), which facilitate the design of new‐concept lightweight high‐temperature resistant and shape‐transformable materials for advanced aerospace applications under extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (Cu) is widely used as an industrial electrode due to its high electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and cost‐effectiveness. However, Cu is susceptible to corrosion, which degrades device performance over time. Although various methods (alloying, physical passivation, surface treatment, etc.) are introduced to address the corrosion issue, they can cause decreased conductivity or vertical insulation. Here, using the nitrogen‐doped amorphous carbon (a‐C:N) thin film is proposed as a substrate on which Cu is directly deposited. This simple method significantly inhibits corrosion of ultrathin Cu (<20 nm) films in humid conditions, enabling the fabrication of ultrathin electronic circuit boards without corrosion under ambient conditions. This study investigates the origin of corrosion resistance through comprehensive microscopic/spectroscopic characterizations and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations: i) diffusion of Cu atoms into the a‐C:N driven by stable C‐Cu‐N bond formation, ii) diffusion of N atoms from the a‐C:N to the Cu layer heading the top surface, which is the thermodynamically preferred location for N, and iii) the doped N atoms in Cu layer suppress the inclusion of O into the Cu lattice. By leveraging the ultrathinness and deformability of the circuit board, a transparent electrode and a crumpleable LED lighting device are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quasi‐static tensile properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) films have been extensively investigated, yet research on their impact tensile properties at high strain rates remains scarce. In this article, CNT films prepared by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method were densely arranged by chlorosulfuric acid (CSA) under wet stretching. The Instron 3365 and miniaturized split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) were used to conduct tensile testing at different strain rates. The findings reveal that CSA wet‐stretching markedly enhances the density and orientation of CNT films, resulting in significant improvements in tensile properties with a notable strain rate effect. Specifically, when immersed for 60 s under a draft ratio of 40% and a strain rate of 1900 s−1, the densified CNT films exhibit maximum stress and energy absorption values of 777.44 MPa and 54.79 MJ/m3, respectively, achieving a 637.1% and 425.7% increase compared with the original film. This research provides a convenient and feasible strategy to prepare CNT films with high energy absorption tolerance across various strain rates, thus expanding the practical application potential of CNT films. Highlights: The study innovates a posttreatment way to produce superior FCCVD CNT films.CSA treatment and wet stretching enhance CNT films' mechanical properties.Dynamic fracture strength boosts over 600% and energy absorption raises over 400%.CSA can purify FCCVD‐prepared CNT films, greatly improving their properties.The Prep can be effectively integrated with the direct spinning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve high‐quality hard carbon nanofibers (HCNFs), and particularly flexible HCNFs films is the eternal pursuit from low‐cost coal pitch (CP). However, it is still trapped seriously by the inborn bottleneck of low‐softening‐point (LSP) characteristics of CP itself. Herein, an efficient Bi(NO3)3·5H2O‐assisted electrospinning‐carbonization methodology is creatively devised to obtain flexible HCNFs films directly from LSP CP. The essential roles of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and pre‐oxidation in constructing flexible films are rationally proposed. With further regulation in Bi(NO3)3·5H2O dosage and calcination temperatures, specific micro‐structures/morphologies of flexible HCNFs films are finely optimized. The optimum HCNFs‐1.2 film is endowed with robust structural flexibility/stability, high‐content active oxygen/nitrogen groups, abundant graphic microcrystalline zones of large interlayer spacing, and convenient ion‐diffusion channels. Thanks to such remarkable merits, HCNFs‐1.2 retains a large reversible capacity of 125.3 mAh g‒1 over 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g‒1, when evaluated as a self‐supporting film anode for sodium dual‐ion batteries (SDIBs). Furthermore, the HCNFs‐1.2‐based SDIBs deliver a specific capacity of 90.9 mAh g‒1 at 0.1 A g‒1, along with a capacity retention of 78.4% after 1500 cycles at 1.0 A g‒1. The insightful understanding here will provide meaningful guidance for rational design of advanced flexible film electrodes toward next‐generation SDIBs and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many existing research focuses on the differences or performance comparisons between single‐atom or small‐sized nanocluster catalysts, but there is a lack of comprehensive research on the coupling relationship between the structure and activity and the mechanism of synergy. This study investigates the combined catalytic potential of cobalt single atoms (SAs) and nanoclusters (NCs) for enhanced peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade norfloxacin (NFX). A novel CoSAs‐NCs/CN/TiO2 catalyst is synthesized, featuring cobalt SAs and NCs uniformly dispersed on the carbon film wrapping TiO2, and the degradation efficiency of the NFX solution is almost completely degraded, with a mineralization rate of 76.35%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the synergistic interaction between cobalt SAs and NCs promotes more efficient PMS adsorption and activation and significantly reduces the activation energy barrier, which enhances electron transfer and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This research highlights the robust and versatile nature of this novel catalyst system in addressing various contaminants. This study elucidates the activation mechanism of catalysts, providing new ideas for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in environmental remediation, linking the structure and performance of catalysts, and emphasizes the practicality and importance of the CoSAs‐NCs/CN/TiO2 catalyst in effectively and long‐term remediation of water pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent and light films with high electrical conductivity are preferred for flexible electronic applications. Here, a film exhibiting high transparency, electrical conductivity, and flexibility is produced using a polyimide (PI) substrate and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through spray coating. Cost‐effective MWCNTs are used instead of other electrically conductive materials, including silver nanowire ink, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and other carbon materials. The average sheet resistance of the prepared MWCNT–PI film is 520.2 Ω □−1 (infinite for the bare PI film), which is lower than the sheet resistances of the SWCNT–PI film reported by another group. This can be attributed to the increase in electrical conductivity of the highly transparent PI film due to the use of MWCNTs. The transparency of the MWCNT–PI film is 71.834% at 550 nm. When MWCNTs and PI are combined, MWCNTs protrude from the surface of the PI film, creating networks and increasing electrical conductivity. Atomic force microscopy analysis reveals that MWCNT networks form on the surface of the MWCNT–PI film. This study suggests the possibility that MWCNTs can also be used as carbon materials for flexible and highly transparent films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The revolution of millimeter‐wave (mmWave) technologies is prompting a need for absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials. While conventional shielding materials struggle in the mmWave spectrum due to their reflective nature, this study introduces a novel EMI shielding film with ultralow reflection (<0.05 dB or 1.5%), ultrahigh absorption (>70 dB or 98.5%), and superior shielding (>70 dB or 99.99999%) across triple mmWave frequency bands with a thickness of 400 µm. By integrating a magnetic composite layer (MCL), a conductive patterned grid (CPG), and a double‐walled carbon nanotube film (DWCNTF), specific resonant frequencies of electromagnetic waves are transmitted into the film with minimized reflection, and trapped and dissipated between the CPG and the DWCNTF. The design factors for resonant frequencies, such as the CPG geometry and the MCL refractive index, are systematically investigated based on electromagnetic wave propagation theories. This innovative approach presents a promising solution for effective mmWave EMI shielding materials, with implications for mobile communication, radar systems, and wireless gigabit communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioinspired microdevices have made significant strides in various applications including human motion and health detection. However, facile and highly efficient fabrication approach of flexible pressure sensors remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the gecko's foot structure, a flexible pressure sensor with microdomes structure is fabricated by tip‐assisted on‐demand electrohydrodynamic jet (EHD‐jet) printing method. Ascribed to the interlocking electrodes with microdome structure, 3D deformation rates are substantially enlarged. When the microdromes structure is under pressure, the resistivity of carbon nanotubes film coated on the surface of microdomes structure will change remarkably. By using the combined effect of assisted tip and ring focusing electrode, the influence and constraints on microstructure fabrication caused by substrate material and morphology are minimized. The desired uniform structures can be adjusted rapidly by changing the printing parameters and liquid properties. High length‐height ratio (0.64) of microdomes enhances sensitivity, with minimum detection limit is 2 Pa and response time is 40 ms. Finally, the bionic flexible sensor indicated excellent performance in capable of detecting pressure, sound vibrations and human motion. This work presents a new method for high‐efficiency fabrication micro‐nano patterns for flexible sensors inspired, which could be used in wearable tech and health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the electrochemical performance of the Zn solid‐state battery, we introduce simonkolleite as a novel anode material. With oxygen vacancies on its surface, simonkolleite exhibits both electrical and chemical activity; these vacancies serve as n‐type donors, significantly improving the material's conductivity. In this research, simonkolleite is synthesized using a straightforward and cost‐effective method and employed as the anode. The all‐solid‐state Zn battery combines the simonkolleite anode, sodium silicate (SS) electrolyte, and graphite film (GF) cathode. Our battery configuration (simonkolleite/Ingot SS/GF) achieves a high 1280 mAh g−1 capacity and demonstrates improved cyclic stability. The large‐scale module battery can also power a motor‐fan unit for 1 h and 19 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a material with strong impact resistance, bending direction and in‐plane direction, the tensile and bending properties of sandwich films obtained by placing and re‐pressing a compression‐molded polypropylene sheet between two sheets of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) were evaluated. Three types of CFRTP were investigated, and thermoplastic nylon 66, polyurethane, and polyphenylene sulfite were used as the resin base materials to wrap the carbon fiber. Regarding the tensile properties of the sandwich films, the Young's modulus and maximum stress values were lower compared with those of the CFRTP sheets, regardless of the resin base material. However, improvements in elongation properties of 97%, 109%, and 156%, respectively were found, transforming the film into a softer and stronger film. Regarding the bending properties of the sandwich films, the Young's modulus and maximum stress values were higher compared with those of the CFRTP sheet. To examine the influence of the number of layers, the five‐layer sheet, in which the sandwich film was placed in two CFRTP sheets, exhibited inferior elongation properties to the three‐layer sheet during the tensile test. However, the results of the bending test found a significant improvement in Young's modulus of approximately 2.5 times and final strength of approximately three times. We anticipate that this material could be applicable to components requiring specific mechanical properties in both bending and in‐plane directions in future applications. Highlights: CFRTP sandwich sheets were fabricated using a simple hot‐press method.The sandwich sheet showed improved mechanical properties in the in‐plane directions.Both the tensile modulus and the bending modulus have reached the GPa‐order.The sandwich film in question had particularly excellent bending properties.The sandwich film showed dependence on the number of layers.In‐plane elasticity of the films was evaluated using a falling ball test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilayer films of diamond‐like carbon (DLC) on monocrystalline diamond substrates have been for the first time obtained by plasma‐chemical deposition. Their chemical composition and structural and morphological properties are studied. The DLC individual layers differ in their sp3 carbon content. The multilayer nature of the resulting coatings is confirmed by periodic density modulation on the small‐angle X‐ray reflectometry curve and modulations in the CsC8, CsC6, CsC4 lines on the crater depth profile of secondary ions of elements (secondary ion mass spectrometry). The dependence of the deposition rate of multilayer DLC films on diamond, their composition and properties on the argon additive to the reaction gas mixture, as well as on methane flow, pressure and growth time, are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a fast and sensitive method, with an ex–situ bismuth film screen‐printed carbon electrode (ex–situ Bi–SPCE), for the determination of Cr(VI) through adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) using Pyrogallol Red (PGR) as complexing agent. The method is based on the oxidation of PGR by Cr(VI) and posterior complexation with Cr(III). To obtain a sensitive and selective method, the effects of various parameters such as pH, ligand concentration of PGR (CPGR), accumulation potential, and accumulation time (Eacc, tacc) were optimized. The optimal conditions using Bi–SPCE prepared ex–situ were pH 4.5 (0.01 mol L−1 acetic acid/acetate buffer), CPGR: 2.6 μmol L−1, Eacc: −0.70 V and tacc: 60 s. Peak current is proportional to Cr(VI) concentration over the range 0.23–12.0 μg L−1, with a 3σ detection limit of 0.97 μg L−1. The method was validated by determining Cr(VI) in tap water spiked with Cr(VI) and Cr(III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐precise, crosstalk‐free tactile perception offers an intuitive way for informative human‐machine interactions. However, the differentiation and labeling of touch position and strength require substantial computational space due to the cumbersome post‐processing of parallel data. Herein, a programmable and robust electronic skin (PR e‐skin) with event‐driven in‐sensor touch differential and perception, solving the inherent defects in the von Neumann framework is introduced. The PR e‐skin realizes feature simplification and reduction of data transmission by integrating the computing framework into sensing terminals. Furthermore, the event‐driven functional mode further greatly compresses untriggered redundant data. Benefiting from the minimal concise dataset, the PR e‐skin can directly differentiate touch position and pressure with swift response time (<0.3 ms). Robust carbon functional film ensures long‐term and stable implementation (>10 000 cycles) of the in‐sensor computing architectural feature. In a designable, continuous position detection with an extensive pressure range (210 kPa), which is an improvement of 5.5 times, the PR e‐skin can ultra‐sensitive extract trajectory sliding or rapping actions. Moreover, combined with customized neural network, a dual‐encryption recognition system is constructed based on slide action, reaching a high recognition accuracy of ≈98%, which reveals the great potential in intelligent interaction and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of incorporating polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyetherimide (PEI), and polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) thermoplastic films in melt form as interlayers to toughen carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The addition of melt‐infused PET, PEI, and PEEK film into carbon fiber/epoxy composite enhanced the mode‐I interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) by 60%, 156%, and 284%, respectively. The primary toughening mechanisms found were plastic deformation and mechanical interlocking through fiber bridging, which left fiber imprint traces on the fracture surface. The mode‐II ILFT of PET, PEI, and PEEK film interleaved laminates was improved by 80%, 188%, and 96%, respectively. Plastic deformation was observed to be the principal toughening mechanism. Notably, these enhancements in ILFT were achieved while simultaneously increasing interlaminar shear strength. These findings show the role of hot‐melt‐infused PET, PEI, and PEEK thermoplastic films in the improvement of ILFT of composites which is crucial in the design of damage‐tolerant composite structures. Highlights: Composites were interleaved with PET, PEI, and PEEK films via melt‐infusion.Mode‐I and mode‐II ILFT were significantly enhanced, up to 284% for PEEK.Failure exhibited plastic deformation, extensive fiber bridging, and pull‐out.Melt‐infusion created complex, mechanically interlocked interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High thermal conductivity graphite films (GFs) have a thermal conductivity, which have attracted much attention in recent years. As the surface of GFs is extremely smooth, the resin matrix and GFs are only connected by van der Waals forces, and it is difficult to produce chemical bonds between them, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the composites. In this study, the composites were prepared by etching defects on the surface of GFs by high‐temperature heat treatment. It was determined that the critical temperature range for effective etching was between 600 and 650°C. The GFs were subjected to high‐temperature heat treatment to create circular, hexagonal, and disordered groove‐like defects, and then combined with prepregs and bismaleimide resins in a single molding process. The composites exhibit a distinct layered "sandwich" structure, where surface‐induced defects enhance the interfacial adhesion between GFs and the resin matrix, creating a "nail‐punched" structure. The thermal conductivity of the S‐650 sample in the X‐direction was up to 1187.93 W/(m·K), and the flexural strength of the S‐800 sample was up to 116.18 MPa. The prepared composites are expected to be widely used in thermal interface fields such as heat exchangers, battery heat dissipation and aerospace thermal control systems. Highlights: High‐temperature treatment was used to successfully introduce defects into GFs.The formation mechanisms of the three types of defects were explained.The thermal conductivity of the composites was increased to over 1000 W/(m·K).Composites reinforced with modified GFs exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo‐oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐copolymer and PAN/single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composite films were studied in the presence of oxygenated entities which may act as an internal oxygen supplier. The oxygenated moiety exhibited dual behavior, enhancing the stabilization efficiency of PAN while also improving the dispersion of SWCNT. The addition of oxygenated moiety treated SWCNT to PAN resulted in a significant reduction in activation energy from 118 kJ/mol to 99 kJ/mol, owing to a more stable oxidation reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis showed weight loss due to stabilization, and polymer chain degradation was lower in treated SWCNT composite films, resulting in an approximate 6% increase in residual weight. Mechanical testing showed a significant increase in tensile strength to 54.15 MPa and tensile modulus to 2.53 GPa with elongation at break of 13.2%, which is attributed to the enhanced interfacial shear strength resulting from the improved dispersion of oxygenated moiety‐treated nanotubes. Furthermore, thermomechanical analysis studies showed improvement in dimension stability with oxygenated moiety treated SWCNT composite films, attributed to better dispersion and increased interfacial strength between the polymer and filler. Highlights: Oxygenated entities stabilize PAN and improve SWCNT dispersion.Activation energy was reduced from 118 to 99 kJ/mol with Tween‐80.Residual weight increased by 6% with treated SWCNT in TGA.Improved tensile strength (54.14 MPa), modulus (2.53 GPa) with modified SWCNT.Dimension stability is enhanced by interfacial strength with modified SWCNT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correlative methods to characterize single entities by electrochemistry and microscopy/spectroscopy are increasingly needed to elucidate structure‐function relationships of nanomaterials. However, the technical constraints often differ depending on the characterization techniques to be applied in combination. One of the cornerstones of correlative single‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) is the substrate, which needs to achieve a high conductivity, low roughness, and electrochemical inertness. This work shows that graphitized sputtered carbon thin films constitute excellent electrodes for SEE while enabling characterization with scanning probe, optical, electron, and X‐ray microscopies. Three different correlative SEE experiments using nanoparticles, nanocubes, and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene materials are reported to illustrate the potential of using carbon thin film substrates for SEE characterization. The advantages and unique capabilities of SEE correlative strategies are further demonstrated by showing that electrochemically oxidized Ti3C2Tx MXene display changes in chemical bonding and electrolyte ion distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon electrode‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) without hole transport layer (HTL) have been emerging as a promising low‐cost photovoltaic technology with excellent stability for commercialization. However, the loose physical contact between the carbon electrode and perovskite layer, as well as the relatively poor conductivity of the carbon film, contributes mainly to the large gap in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) between C‐PSCs and the metal (Ag, Au, etc.,) electrode‐based counterparts. To this end, a simple but effective mechanical compression strategy for efficient C‐PSCs is developed. The mechanical compression densifies the porous carbon electrode for high film conductivity and also provides intimate contact between carbon and perovskite layers for fast charge extraction. Consequently, the resulting HTL‐free C‐PSCs using MAPbI3 (MA = methylammonium) absorber yield a PCE of 15.29%, corresponding to a 27.6% improvement compared to the counterpart without mechanical pressing treatment. Moreover, the compacted carbon film also serves as an enhanced barrier against the intrusion of water and oxygen, and the unencapsulated device retains 88.9% of its initial PCE after 1000 h of aging in ambient conditions with 35 ± 2% humidity. This work paves a simple and effective way toward efficient and stable C‐PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction to a publication titled "A correlation between morphology and mechanical performance of injected‐molded PE/EVA/clay nanocomposites: Insight into phase miscibility and interfacial phenomena." The correction states that the type of transmission electron microscope used was incorrectly stated in the original publication. The correct type is the Libra200. Additionally, holes in the carbon film used as a substrate for supporting the specimens for transmission electron microscopy were misinterpreted as polymer phases. The correction provides corrected versions of Figures 6, 7, and 8, and states that the conclusions about the dispersion and delamination state of nanoclay layers are still valid. The authors apologize for the error. [Extracted from the article]

Organic dual‐state emitters show high quantum yields of luminescence in both solution and the aggregated state. Alkyl side chains are frequently used to engineer solid‐state structures and prominent examples are naphthalimide‐functionalized cyanostilbene derivatives (NICS‐X), where H‐aggregation takes place for ethoxyl substitution (NICS‐E), while methoxyl and butoxyl substitution (NICS‐M and NICS‐B) lead to the quasi‐isolated Q‐type structure. While this takes place for powder samples, vacuum‐sublimed thin films are used, and it is shown by photoluminescence (PL) measurements that H‐aggregation takes place for all three NICS derivatives. In contrast, the energy‐level alignment of NICS‐X films on graphite exhibits disparities as shown by photoelectron spectroscopy: pronounced disorder in NICS‐B films leads to energy‐level bending, while the energy levels of NICS‐M and NICS‐E films remain flat. In such a way, it is demonstrated that side‐chain engineering of luminogens affects the short‐range order (responsible for the PL) and the long‐range order (responsible for the energy‐level alignment) in different ways. Furthermore, the importance of a substrate (thin films vs powder) on the solid‐state aggregation is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4‐(trimethylsilyl)morpholine O(CH2CH2)2NSi(CH3)3 (TMSM) was investigated as a single‐source precursor for SiCNO films synthesis. Optical emission spectroscopy of plasma generated from TMSM/He, TMSM/H2, and TMSM/NH3 gas mixtures revealed the presence of N2, CH, H, CN, and CO species. The last two are suggested to be responsible for the lowering of carbon concentration in the films in comparison with the precursor. The refractive index ranged from 1.5 to 2.0, and bandgap varied from 2.0 to 4.6 eV, which pointed that some of the films can be used as antireflective coatings in silicon photovoltaic cell technologies and dielectric layers in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost of polymer precursors and high energy need in carbonization for the preparation of carbon materials are two limiting factors in the commercialization of carbon‐based materials. In this study, carbon nanofiber films were prepared by adding a very small concentration of polymer polyacrylonitrile in nanocellulose (extracted from agro waste i.e., rice straws) with an overall aim of producing carbon nanomaterials with cost effective, renewable and sustainable carbon source. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) added nanocellulose solution was drop‐casted to prepare Nanocellulose/Polyacrylonitrile‐based nanofibers film (NC/PAN). It was further stabilized in air atmosphere at 280 °C followed by carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere at 700 °C. It was found that addition of NC/PAN have 18 % lower activation energies than PAN. Results of tunneling electron microscopy showed that polyacrylonitrile/nanocellulose films carbonized at 700 °C temperature exhibited amorphous carbon nanofibers structure similar to bare polyacrylonitrile based carbon film carbonized at higher temperature of 1000 °C‐1200 °C. Furthermore, polyacrylonitrile/nanocellulose based carbon nanofibers have showed high degree of carbonization ((ID)/(IG)=0.87) as compared to bare polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofibers film ((ID)/(IG)=1.02). This may be attributed to chiral nature of nanocellulose which served as a template to orientation of graphene planes and showed efficient carbonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron beam (e‐beam) with a small spot size is the key to produce microfocus x‐ray source. The spot size of the e‐beam can be controlled by changing the aperture angle at the target, and the focus size of the microfocus x‐ray source is changed accordingly. At the same time, the SNR (Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio) of the image is reduced because the aperture produces secondary x‐ray, which interferes with the x‐ray imaging. In this paper, the aperture size and its position are optimized for getting the smallest spot size of the e‐beam, and the experimental results show that the resolution is 0.8 μm with the aperture size of 0.5 mm. In addition, this paper also presents that the image's SNR can be improved by coating carbon film on the back surface of the aperture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal anode (LMA) emerges as a promising candidate for lithium (Li)‐based battery chemistries with high‐energy‐density. However, inhomogeneous charge distribution from the unbalanced ion/electron transport causes dendritic Li deposition, leading to "dead Li" and parasitic reactions, particularly at high Li utilization ratios (low negative/positive ratios in full cells). Herein, an innovative LMA structural model deploying a hyperporous/hybrid conductive architecture is proposed on single‐walled carbon nanotube film (HCA/C), fabricated through a nonsolvent induced phase separation process. This design integrates ionic polymers with conductive carbon, offering a substantial improvement over traditional metal current collectors by reducing the weight of LMA and enabling high‐energy‐density batteries. The HCA/C promotes uniform lithium deposition even under rapid charging (up to 5 mA cm−2) owing to its efficient mixed ion/electron conduction pathways. Thus, the HCA/C demonstrates stable cycling for 200 cycles with a low negative/positive ratio of 1.0 when paired with a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode (areal capacity of 5.0 mAh cm−2). Furthermore, a stacked pouch‐type full cell using HCA/C realizes a high energy density of 344 Wh kg−1cell/951 Wh L−1cell based on the total mass of the cell, exceeding previously reported pouch‐type full cells. This work paves the way for LMA development in high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous carbon materials are often difficult to achieve high density while possessing high porosity, which limits their application in compact energy storage. Here, a design of freestanding porous‐yet‐dense carbon films with a tunable density (1.08–1.33 g cm−3) and porosity (specific surface area of 0–423.8 m2 g−1) is presented through an assembly of porous carbon nanosheet with graphene oxide under vacuum filtration. The typical freestanding carbon films simultaneously deliver a high density of 1.08 g cm−3 and a high specific surface area of 423.8 m2 g−1 when the porous carbon nanosheet content is 75 wt.%. As anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, the optimized freestanding carbon films deliver high volumetric capacity (270 mAh cm−3 at 20 mA g−1), high initial capacity efficiency (81 %) and superior long‐term cycling stability (1300 cycles with a capacity decay rate of 0.012 % per cycle). This study provides a promising direction for creating freestanding electrodes that meet both high‐porosity and high‐density requirements for compact sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical elements based on nanomaterials are becoming major avenues to satisfy the technological requirements of compact, lightweight, and tunable elements of the emerging terahertz (THz) field. A new generation of diffractive components integrating specific geometry with additional features (flexibility, stretchability, rotation, and other approaches for tuning properties) extends the functionality of wavefront control. Here, an innovative approach is demonstrated to control the THz wavefront via a layered composition of spiral zone plates (SZPs) with tunable mutual orientation and scaling. As a proof of concept, the SZP is designed using Laguerre‐Gauss mode analysis with further fabrication and experimental characterization of the resultant vortex beams. For each single SZP, a flexible element is proposed based on a thin film of single‐walled carbon nanotubes deposited on a stretchable substrate. Thus, this diffraction element can be tuned not only by rotation (along the azimuthal direction), but also by its stretching (in the radial direction). The spatial tuning of the developed SZPs (spiral zone plates) opens up an efficient, convenient, and highly customizable approach for the manipulation of vortex beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressive performances of composite structures can be significantly decreased due to the lightning strike damage, so the structures with lightning frighten must be considered lightning protection design. In this study, compressive experiments after lightning strikes were conducted on non‐protected, 12‐layer interlaminar carbon nanotube film (CNF) protected, and traditional surface silver coating (TSSC)‐protected composite laminates. A numerical analysis procedure was established, incorporating a lightning strike ablation damage simulation (LSADS) module and compressive residual strength calculation (CRSC) module. The procedure's effectiveness was verified by the experiment results. Based on this procedure, the compressive performances and the possible failure mechanism of laminates after lightning strikes were analyzed. The results show that the laminates with TSSC protection and 12‐layer interlaminar CNF protection can increase compressive residual strength compared with non‐protected laminates. The predominant compressive damages of the laminates after lightning strikes are fiber‐matrix shear damage and fiber fracture damage. Optimized one‐layer interlaminar CNF protection with a thickness of 0.36 mm can increase the laminate compressive strength but decrease the structural weight. This study offers a reference and basis for the lightning strike protection design of composite structures. Highlights: CNF in lightning strike protection of composite structures.Compressive failure mechanism of composite laminates after lightning strikes.A numerical procedure to evaluate lightning damage and compressive performances.Design of interlaminar CNF protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coal indirect liquefied diesel soot (Coal‐to‐liquids diesel soot, CS) was collected by a self‐made soot trapper. CS was modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and named as CS‐CTAB. The tribological properties of CS and CS‐CTAB in 10#white oil(10#WO) were tested on a WTM‐2E controlled atmosphere miniature friction and wear testing machine. The morphology, composition, and tribological mechanism of CS and modified CS‐CTAB were studied by using TEM, XPS, XRD, Raman, and other instruments. The results showed that CS modified by CTAB is wrapped and entangled in long chains. Their main structure components are all amorphous carbon with a small amount of graphite crystallites. The addition of CS‐CTAB (0.8 wt%) significantly reduces both AFC and wear rate, with reductions of 32.9% for AFC, and 65.6% for wear rate compared to no additive. The anti‐friction and anti‐wear effect of CS is greatly improved after being modified by CTAB. Mechanism analysis shows that CS as a lubricant additive, acts as a micro‐bearing in the friction process and falls off under the action of shear force to generate an independent graphite sheet, thus forming a graphite protective film on the surface of 304 stainless steel plate. However, CS has the defects of low graphitization degree, large particle size, and easy agglomeration. During friction, uneven adsorption of CS on the surface can worsen wear. However, CTAB modification can improve dispersion stability in 10#WO and effectively reduce wear on the friction surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is hindered by the disadvantages of shuttling of polysulfides and the sluggish redox kinetics of the conversion of sulfur species during discharge and charge. Herein, the crystallinities of a titanium nitride (TiN) film on copper‐embedded carbon nanofibers (Cu‐CNFs) are regulated and the nanofibers are used as interlayers to resolve the aforementioned crucial issues. A low‐crystalline TiN‐coated Cu‐CNF (L‐TiN‐Cu‐CNF) interlayer is compared with its highly crystalline counterpart (H‐TiN‐Cu‐CNFs). It is demonstrated that the L‐TiN coating not only strengthens the chemical adsorption toward polysulfides but also greatly accelerates the electrochemical conversion of polysulfides. Due to robust carbon frameworks and enhanced kinetics, impressive high‐rate performance at 2 C (913 mAh g−1 based on sulfur) as well as remarkable cyclic stability up to 300 cycles (626 mAh g−1) with capacity retention of 46.5% is realized for L‐TiN‐Cu‐CNF interlayer‐configured Li–S batteries. Even under high loading (3.8 mg cm−2) of sulfur and relatively lean electrolyte (10 μL electrolyte per milligram sulfur) conditions, the Li–S battery equipped with L‐TiN‐Cu‐CNF interlayers delivers a high capacity of 1144 mAh g−1 with cathodic capacity of 4.25 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C, providing a potential pathway toward the design of multifunctional interlayers for highly efficient Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deposition–dissolution mechanism with a two‐electron transfer reaction endows aqueous Zn–Mn batteries with a desirable theoretical energy density. However, due to the limited solubility of traditional manganese‐based materials and the competitive Mn shuttle behavior, the practical performance is unsatisfactory. Herein, by synergistically incorporating a novel Mn‐rich Mn4N cathode with a plasma functionalized carbon nanotubes film (PCNT) interlayer, an aqueous Zn–Mn battery with a high Mn‐utilization rate and high energy/power density is successfully developed. Specifically, the Mn4N cathode boasts high manganese content and dissolution activity, thereby offering a copious supply of Mn2+ ions for the battery system. The PCNT interlayer, with abundant micropore structures and functional groups, not only restrains the Mn2+ shuttle by entrapping the dissolved Mn2+ but also offers copious reaction sites, ensuring concentrating Mn2+ on the cathodic side and maximizing their contribution to the electrochemical reaction. Consequently, Mn4N‐PCNT exhibits a low polarization voltage and superior Mn‐utilization rate (64.8%). Without the MnSO4 additive, Mn4N‐PCNT achieves an ultra‐high energy density of 821.9 W h kg−1 and remarkable long‐term cycling stability (90% capacity retention over 9000 cycles). The delightful results demonstrate the practical application potential of Mn4N‐PCNT and open up new avenues for the rational design of advanced Zn–Mn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the quick growth of portable/wearable devices and electronics, the development of high efficiency flexible electromagnetic interference shielding films is a hot research topic. This work discusses the latest advances in flexible carbon‐based electromagnetic interference shielding films, such as constructing desirable structures, combining with magnetic constituents, and filling with polymer matrices. The new construction strategies, preparation methods, performances, and associated mechanisms are summarized. Moreover, the synergism, multifunctionality, and potential application of outstanding carbon‐based electromagnetic interference shielding films including graphene‐based, CNT‐based, and carbon fiber‐based films are analyzed in detail. Additionally, some significant issues and prospective views on carbon‐based composites as flexible electromagnetic interference shielding films are also presented. Highlights: The latest progress of flexible carbon‐based EMI shielding filmsConstructing desirable structure, synergizing with others, designing CPCsThe relationship between preparation, structure, property, and mechanismsThe synergism, multifunctionality, application of EMI shielding filmsKey challenges and future perspectives of carbon‐based EMI shielding films [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation during ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) of tantalum barriers on various porous organosilicate glass low‐k SiCOH films is studied using advanced diagnostics and quantum chemical calculations. VUV photons break the Si–C bonds, releasing hydrocarbon radicals from the pore surfaces. These radicals, trapped in pores that are partially sealed by tantalum deposition, can either react with tantalum to form carbide‐like compounds, TaCx, or be redeposited in the pores as CHx polymers. This is evidenced by a decrease in CH3 groups that correlates with an increase in TaCx. The formation of TaCx poses a significant challenge in the back end of line (BEOL) technology when reducing the barrier thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the ongoing evolution of flexible printed circuit boards and the importance of safeguarding the intellectual property of circuit designs, there exists an imperative demand for the development of a black film exhibiting exceptional electrical properties and remarkable light‐shielding capabilities. Consequently, this work employs a straightforward strategy to enhance the opacity of polyimide films by incorporating carbon black (CB) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) as black fillers using an in situ doping method. Rigorous tests are conducted, analyzing properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown field strength, current density, and ferroelectric energy storage. The optimal ratio of CB to MnO2 (mass fraction) is determined as 1:5, with a total powder doping amount of 6 wt%, providing the best ratio relative to the matrix resin. This ratio ensures an optimal powder dispersion state, resulting in an outstanding breakdown field of 147.4 kV/mm and ultralow dielectric constants, measuring less than 3.78 at 103 Hz. This composite film is anticipated to find applications as a cutting‐edge material for electronic devices and the semiconductor industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon films were directly formed on tungsten (W) substrates without an intermediate layer via coaxial arc plasma deposition. The substrate surface was pretreated to remove the native oxide films to improve film adhesion using environmentally friendly alkaline and acidic solutions. The fundamental electrochemical characteristics of the deposited films were similar to those of diamond and diamond‐like carbon films. Thus, the deposited films can be used in the electrodes of highly sensitive electrochemical sensors. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon materials derived from fullerene are reported recently with unique structures and properties. However, only micrometer size samples can be obtained that limits the studying and exploration for membrane applications. Here, the preparation of a centimeter‐size nanoporous amorphous carbon monolayer is reported by rapid pyrolyzing a Langmuir–Blodgett film of fullerene. The sample is fully characterized and the results indicate that the amorphous carbon monolayer derived from fullerene is metastable and insulating. The ionic transmembrane transport study demonstrates that the membrane is porous and cation selective with a selectivity of 26%. This work provides new insights into the controlled synthesis of large‐size metastable amorphous carbon monolayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study primarily focuses on utilizing tin as the primary electrode material. Tin is chosen for its exceptional theoretical capacitance and cost‐effectiveness, attributed to its tetravalent ions carrying a high charge. Tin also exhibits desirable soft material characteristics, ensuring superior stability and adhesion. The experimental methodology involves thermal evaporation and vacuum heat treatment to create Sn, Sn‐9 wt.%Zn, Sn‐40wt.%Zn alloy negative electrodes. For the solid electrolyte, we opt for magnesium silicate processed battery cloth deposition combined with a polymer, offering flexibility. The positive electrode incorporates a graphite film modified with a stable and conductive phosphate, referred to as GFN. This approach enables the development of an all‐solid‐state Sn‐C ion secondary battery while prioritizing safety and environmental friendliness. The experimental findings encompass microscopic structural insights into various electrode materials, elucidation of the metallurgical mechanism of alloy films, exploration of ion transport pathways, and confirmation of the charge and discharge mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroscale superlubricity on engineering steel surfaces offers a promising solution for minimizing friction and wear in engineering applications. However, achieving superlubricity typically requires a long running‐in period, which may result in significant wear for the friction pair. Herein, a new lubricant with superlubricating properties is rationally designed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and critic acid (CA) under complexing effect with a running‐in period of about 800 s. Importantly, the introduction of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) obtained from the pyrolysis of CA into PEG aqueous solution shortens the running‐in period for achieving macroscale superlubricity (µ ≈ 0.005) between steel/steel contact to 44 s. The corresponding wear rate (1.15 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1) on the steel disk is reduced by 77% due to the shorter running‐in time. Furthermore, the surface analysis combined with the molecular dynamics simulations demonstrates that CQDs easily adsorb on the surface of the friction pair, forming a carbon film that reduces interaction energy between the lubricant molecules and the substrate. This work provides new insights into the lubrication mechanism of CQDs and contributes to the design of liquid superlubricants with short running‐in periods and low wear rates on engineering steel surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]