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Highlights Corrosion of steel is one of the challenging issues that researchers has focused on it. Among corrosion control methods, organic coatings with suitable lifetime and efficiency are a great of interest. In the present research, polyaniline‐ copper‐based metal organic framework (PANI‐Cu‐MOF) is synthesized using in‐situ oxidation polymerization method and successfully characterized with different techniques. Then, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt. % of PANI‐Cu‐MOF composite are added to vinyl ester (VE) resin based on bisphenol A and coated on ST37 steel. The performance of the as‐prepared coatings on ST37 is evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 360 h. The EIS results showed that loading of PANI‐Cu‐MOF (0.5 wt. %) in VE led to the highest protective properties against aggressive species with |Z|0.01 Hz = 6.76 × 107 Ωcm2 after 360 h. The uniform distribution of PANI‐Cu‐MOF composite in VE and its hydrophobic property causes a delay in the penetration of the corrosive species into the coating, thus increasing the corrosion resistance. PANI‐Cu‐MOF composite is embedded to VE resin as novel anti‐corrosive pigment. The highest Rcoat are achieved for VE‐PANI‐Cu‐MOF 0.5 wt. %. In the presence of PANI‐Cu‐MOF, the corrosive species penetrations decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), a key intermediate for epoxy resins, provides strong adhesion, processability and the resulting thermoset boasts high cross linking density. However, the inherent brittleness and susceptibility to cracking restrict its advanced applications. To overcome these drawbacks, CO2 fixed cyclic carbonate from castor oil (CCO) was synthesized from epoxidised castor oil (ECO) and used in varying quantities as a toughening agent for amine cured DGEBA. Different amines have been utilized to cure the epoxy and to study the structure–property relationship by fixing the amount of CCO. The inclusion of 10% CCO resulted in improvement in the tensile strength, storage modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength of the epoxy‐urethane hybrid. Moreover, the epoxy‐urethane networks had reduced cross linking density imparted by the fatty acid units of CCO and the presence of unreacted carbonate groups facilitated molecular movement, thereby contributing to energy dissipation during the deformation process. Further incorporation of the CCO lowers the mechanical properties of the hybrids due to a reduction in cross linking density. Trimethylolpropane tris[poly(propyleneglycol)amine terminated] ether cured system exhibited the highest thermal stability compared to hexamethylene diamine, isophorone diamine, and 4,7,10‐trioxa‐1,13 tridecanediamine. The Tg decreased as the CCO content increased, while the water contact angle increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common industrial chemical known as bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to endocrine disruption and can interfere with hormonal signaling pathways in humans and animals. This comprehensive review aims to explore the detrimental consequences of BPA on reproductive organ performance and apoptosis induction, shedding light on the emerging body of evidence from laboratory animal studies. Historically, most studies investigating the connection between BPA and reproductive tissue function have mainly leaned on laboratory animal models. These studies have provided crucial insights into the harmful effects of BPA on several facets of reproduction. This review consolidates an increasing literature that correlates exposure to BPA in the environment with a negative impact on human health. It also integrates findings from laboratory studies conducted on diverse species, collectively bolstering the mounting evidence that environmental BPA exposure can be detrimental to both humans and animals, particularly to reproductive health. Furthermore, this article explores the fundamental processes by which BPA triggers cell death and apoptosis in testicular cells. By elucidating these mechanisms, this review aids a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between BPA and reproductive tissues. Key Points: Apoptosis of the testicular cells occurs in both healthy and pathological situations.EDCs cause widespread germ cell death by upregulating apoptosis‐related proteins or causing an oxidative imbalanceClassifying the environmental pollutants that pose a significant risk to people in general and selecting the factors that need more investigation could aid in discovering environmental contaminants' risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of in situ techniques to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneous reactions is essential for understanding physicochemical processes in aqueous phase. In this work, a new approach coupling in situ UV–vis spectroscopy with a two‐step algorithm strategy is developed to quantitatively monitor heterogeneous reactions in a compact closed‐loop incorporation. The algorithm involves the inverse adding‐doubling method for light scattering correction and the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method for spectral deconvolution. Innovatively, theoretical spectral simulations are employed to connect MCR‐ALS solutions with chemical molecular structural evolution without prior information for reference spectra. As a model case study, the aqueous adsorption kinetics of bisphenol A onto polyamide microparticles are successfully quantified in a one‐step UV–vis spectroscopic measurement. The practical applicability of this approach is confirmed by rapidly screening a superior adsorbent from commercial materials for antibiotic wastewater adsorption treatment. The demonstrated capabilities are expected to extend beyond monitoring adsorption systems to other heterogeneous reactions, significantly advancing UV–vis spectroscopic techniques toward practical integration into automated experimental platforms for probing aqueous chemical processes and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study introduces a new electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A (BPA) and metal ions utilizing a microsphere dual‐ligand Ni‐based MOFs modified carbon paste. The MOFs (Ni‐bipy‐btc) synthesized from dual‐ligands were prepared via a hydrothermal method and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT‐IR spectrometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and specific surface area test (BET) analysis. The resulting MOFs exhibited promising performance as electrode materials for electrochemical sensors targeting the detection of BPA and heavy metal ions (Pb2+ and Cu2+). The linear range of the MOFs (Ni‐bipy‐btc)/CPE electrode for BPA detection ranged from 0.2 to 150 μM, with a detection limit of 0.045 μM, demonstrating robust immunity and stability. Additionally, the limit of detection for the MOFs (Ni‐bipy‐btc)/CPE electrode was found to be 4.3 and 9.5 nM for Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions, respectively, showcasing excellent stability and reproducibility. This study presents a straightforward approach for the highly sensitive electrochemical detection of BPA and heavy metal ions using a simple hydrothermal reaction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of amorphous‐crystalline interfaces of heterogeneous metal oxide systems is an effective approach to modulate the interfacial adsorption behavior and carrier transfer pathways for the photocatalytic process. In this work, the amorphous‐crystalline interface is constructed by covalently linking a flexible crosslinked polymer (FCP) layer to a Pt0.25%/TO(B) substrate. Adsorption‐photodegradation experiments show that Pt0.25%/TO(B)‐FCP can ultimately enrich bisphenol A molecules to the interface within 5 min and in situ‐photodegrade >97.0% of bisphenol A within 10 min (50 ppm), which is 6.21 times than pure TO(B). In addition to the efficient accumulation of BPA molecules, the rapid hole transfer pathway at the amorphous‐crystalline interface is revealed by theoretical calculations, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and photoelectrochemical characterization. The coexistence of Pt single atoms (SAs) and nanoclusters (NCs) optimizes the transfer kinetics and reduces the energy barrier of photogenerated holes of TO(B). Meanwhile, the covalent hole transfer channels between the FCP layer and Pt0.25%/TO(B) significantly accelerate the separation and transfer of photogenerated carrier, promoting the photodegradation of adsorbed BPA molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient removal of low‐concentration endocrine disruptors is crucial for the protection of the aquatic environment. In this study, porous polymer adsorbent materials were modified by nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma to achieve efficient adsorption of low‐concentration bisphenol A (BPA). The removal efficiency of BPA reached 99% after 10 min of plasma modification at a pulse peak voltage of 28 kV, which increased by 25.8% compared to the raw materials. This enhancement was attributed to the increase of active sites and oxygen‐containing functional groups. The adsorption behaviors of the porous polymer materials were primarily dominated by monolayer chemisorption. Subsequently, comparative experiments further verified the high‐efficiency adsorption performance of porous polymer materials after plasma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water bodies contamination is a pressing issue of modern society, exacerbated by the large structural variety of contaminants. This explains the interest toward developing systems able to remove from wastewater different contaminants, with different susceptibility to removal methods. Consequently, herein hybrid ionic liquid gels, based on 1,3:2,4‐dibenzylidene‐D‐sorbitol (DBS), doped with graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide, are described. First, the gel–sol transition temperatures (Tgel), rheological and self‐healing properties are determined. These gels are then used as sorbent materials and, for the first time, for removing mixtures of pollutants of different classes, namely the dyes rhodamine B and methyl orange, the drugs diclofenac and carbamazepine, or the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A, to simulate real wastewaters. Interestingly, hybrid gels prove efficient in removing single and mixed pollutants. The best performing gel is reusable for at least 12 consecutive cycles, without any intermediate washing. It can also be embedded in adsorption columns or dialysis membranes, to treat larger volumes of wastewater. Here, this gel achieves an adsorption capacity of 117 and 66 mg g−1 for rhodamine B and bisphenol A in mixture, with a distinct preference toward cationic contaminants, exhibiting competitive performance with most systems previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in plastic and paper products, and its exposure can occur through skin contact or oral ingestion. The hazardous effects of BPA absorbed through the skin may be more severe; however, few studies have investigated the skin toxicity of BPA. This study investigated the effects of BPA on human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines, which is relevant for skin exposure. BPA treatment reduced cell viability in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner and elevated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor, reduced BPA‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. However, only 10% of the decreased cell viability was restored at the highest NAC concentration. Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), which is an ER stress inhibitor, effectively countered the increase in ER stress‐related proteins induced by BPA. Moreover, TUDCA treatment led to a reduction in oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the decrease in ROS levels, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and modulation of stress signaling proteins. Consequently, TUDCA significantly improved BPA‐induced cytotoxicity in a concentration‐dependent manner. Notably, combined treatment using TUDCA and NAC further reduced the BPA‐induced ROS levels; however, no significant difference in cell viability was observed compared with that for TUDCA treatment alone. These findings indicated that the oxidative stress observed following BPA exposure was exacerbated by ER stress. Moreover, the principal factor driving BPA‐induced cytotoxicity was indeed ER stress, which has potential implications for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with similar stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of organic micropollutants (OMP) in aquatic systems is a major societal problem that can be addressed by approaches including nanofiltration, flocculation, reverse osmosis and adsorptive methods using insoluble materials (e.g. activated carbon, MOFs, nanocomposites). More recently, polymeric versions of supramolecular hosts (e.g. cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes) have been investigated as OMP sequestrants. Herein, we report our study of the use of water insoluble dimethylcatechol walled acyclic cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) hosts as solid state sequestrants for a panel of five OMPs. A series of hosts (H1–H4) were synthesized by reaction of glycoluril oligomer (monomer–tetramer) with 3,6‐dimethylcatechol and fully characterized by spectroscopic means and x‐ray crystallography. The solid hosts sequester OMPs from water with removal efficiencies exceeding 90 % in some cases. The removal efficiencies of the new hosts parallel the known molecular recognition properties of analogous water soluble acyclic CB[n]. OMP uptake by solid host occurs rapidly (≈120 seconds). Head‐to‐head comparison with CB[6] in batch‐mode separation and DARCO activated carbon in flow‐through separation mode show that tetramer derived host (H4) performs very well under identical conditions. The work establishes insoluble acyclic CB[n]‐type receptors as a promising new platform for OMP sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, the implementation of a smartphone‐based portable molecularly imprinted photonic crystal hydrogel (MIPCH) colorimetric sensor for the visual and label‐free detection of bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples is reported. The sensor is prepared by photopolymerizing BPA‐added hydrogel precursor solution within the voids of a photonic crystal opal film, followed by the extraction of BPA molecules. Rebinding of the BPA analyte to the MIPCH causes the hydrogel to swell, leading to a significant redshift in the diffracting spectrum. The MIPCH sensor exhibits a low limit of detection of 0.96 × 10−15m. The sensor also shows linear response in the femtomolar range, rapid responsiveness (≤6 min), selective detection of BPA in complex matrices, long‐term stability, and reproducibility. Images of the sensor responses are used to train a deep‐learning‐based regression model on a smartphone to predict the BPA concentration quantitatively. Integration of the regression model with the developed sensor provides an accurate and portable smart sensor platform well‐suited for real‐time and on‐field monitoring of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of polycarbonates (PCs) from isosorbide (ISB) monomers has been recently investigated. However, compared to bisphenol A, PCs face challenges in commercialization because their high rigidity renders it difficult to increase their molecular weight, resulting in high brittleness. To address these limitations, a flexible co‐monomer, ethoxylated ISB (EI5), was mixed with ISB to produce ISB/EI5‐based PCs. The structures of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs were controlled by varying the ISB/EI5 ratio from 100/0 to 60/40 mol%. Films were fabricated, and their thermal, optical, and mechanical properties and degradability were investigated. With increasing EI5 content, the thermal processability of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs improved, and the produced films exhibited excellent visible light transmittance and UV‐blocking effects. The mechanical properties of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs indicated sufficient tensile strength (σ = 89.7–72.9 MPa), competitive to that of commercial PC, and the properties could be controlled by adjusting the ISB/EI5 ratio. The contact angle and hydrolysis behavior of the ISB/EI5‐based PC films indicated increased surface hydrophilicity and increased degradation rate with increasing EI5 content. In conclusion, the structural control of the ISB/EI5‐based PCs enhanced their moldability and degradability, suggesting their potential commercial utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA) has many adverse effects on environmental safety and human health. Aiming at the existing problems at the current detection methods, herein, a 3D metal‐organic framework (Ni‐MOF) was fabricated as a carrier to achieve BPA aptamers immobilization inside its array channels under Mg2+ regulation. Based on the reversible quenching of 6‐FAM (6‐carboxyfluorescein) fluorescence labeled on the BPA aptamers during the encapsulation process, a fluorescent aptamer sensing platform was constructed for the quantitative detection of BPA in water. Morphology analysis, VASP (Vienna ab‐initio simulation package) and other kinetic simulations were performed to elaborate the mechanism of the influence of pore size, medium ions, etc. on the recognition process. Due to the in‐hole fixation strategy of aptamers, Ni‐MOF played an obvious protection aptamers. Not only the activity of BPA aptamer@MOF composite was maintained more than 50 % in complex environments such as pH 3.0–11.0, 30–70 °C and organic solvents, but also the aptamer was protected from nuclease hydrolysis under physiological conditions. The stability and application range of the sensor are greatly improved, detection limit of 0.34 μM. The result was expected to provide theoretical guidance for the rapid detection of pollutants in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfonated mesoporous polydivinylbenzene solid acid was prepared by in situ sulfonation method, and the physical chemical properties of this solid acid was characterized by XRD, BET, FT‐IR, etc. Acid density of sulfonated mesoporous polydivinylbenzene was characterized by acid base titration, and the result showed that the acid density was 1.58 mmol H+/g. The condensation of phenol and acetone was used as a probe reaction to investigate the catalytic performance of sulfonated mesoporous polydivinylbenzene as a solid acid. Results showed that the phenol conversion rate could approach theoretical conversion rate with Bisphenol‐A selectivity of 91 % at 90 °C. More importantly, sulfonated mesoporous polydivinylbenzene had good stability, and after repeated use for five times, the catalytic performance was not significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are versatile materials, offering lightweight, durable, and affordable solutions across various industries. However, their non‐degradable nature poses challenges by end of their life. This study presented an innovative carbonyl extraction method to utilize waste poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) as reaction precursor to synthesis of activated furan as precursor for photoswitchable Stenhouse adducts. This innovative chemical strategy not only generated N,N'‐functionalized barbiturates but also provided an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective alternative to traditional synthesis methods. The method presented hereby not only promotes sustainability by repurposing waste polycarbonate as carbonyl equivalent under green conditions but also yielded reusable bisphenol A (BPA). Furthermore, the derived activated furans exhibited their functionality by forming colored donor‐acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) on aminated polymer surfaces. This work demonstrated a transition from a linear plastics economy toward a circular one, highlighting the potential of plastic waste as a resource for creating materials with improved properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Its etiology is uncertain and one of the hypotheses is that environmental factors, such as the bisphenol A (BPA) endocrine disruptor, may be involved. Objective: To investigate the association between exposure to BPA and PCOS. Search Strategy: Research was conducted focusing on studies published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish from January 2001 to March 2023 and available in Embase, Medline/PubMed, Rima, Lilacs, Scielo, Google academic, and SCI databases. Selection Criteria: Studies in humans that evaluated the association between exposure to BPA and a diagnosis of PCOS. Data Collection and Analysis: Following PRISMA guidelines, study characteristics and relevant data were extracted. Main Results: Selection of 15 case–control and 7 cross‐sectional studies with a total of 1682 PCOS patients. The studies were carried out in China, Poland, Turkey, Japan, Greece, Italy, the USA, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, India, Czechia, and Slovakia. A positive relationship between exposure to BPA and PCOS was described in19 studies (1391 [82.70%] of the PCOS patients). The fluids used in the studies were serum, urine, plasma, and follicular fluid. BPA was measured by ELISA and by chromatography (HPLC, HPLC‐MS/MS, GC–MS, and GC–MS/MS). Diagnosis of PCOS used Rotterdam criteria in 15, NIH 1999 in 3, AE&PCOS Society in 2, similar to the Rotterdam criteria in 1, and criteria not informed in 1. Androgens were measured in 16 studies; in 12, hyperandrogenism was positively associated with BPA. BPA level was related to body mass index (BMI) in studies. In 15 studies independently of BMI, women with PCOS had higher BPA levels. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were evaluated in 12 studies and in 6 a positive correlation was found with BPA levels. Lipid profile was evaluated in seven studies and in only one the correlation between lipid profile and BPA levels was present. Conclusions: Exposure to BPA is positively associated with PCOS, mainly with the hyperandrogenism. Synopsis: Bisphenol A exposure is positively associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, mainly with the hyperandrogenism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycidyl ethers are prepared from a series of furan‐based diols and cured with a diamine to form thermosets. The furan diols demonstrate lower toxicity than bisphenol‐A in a prior study. The diglycidyl ethers show improved thermal stability compared to the parent diols. Cured thermosets are prepared at elevated temperature using isophorone diamine (IPDA). Glass transition temperatures are in the range of 30–54 °C and depend on the structure of the furan diol. Coatings are prepared on steel substrates and show very high hardness, good adhesion, and a range of flexibility. Properties compare favorably with a control based on a bisphenol‐A epoxy resin. The study demonstrates that epoxy resins based on furan diols, which have been shown to have lower toxicity than bisphenol‐A, can form thermosets having properties comparable to a standard epoxy resin system; and thus, are viable as replacements for bisphenol‐A epoxy resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Mounting evidence shows that bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to review related epidemiologic studies and conduct a meta‐analysis to quantitatively estimate the association between BPA and metabolic syndrome. Four electronic databases were systematically searched to identify suitable articles. A total of 47 published studies were finally included. Two studies involved metabolic syndrome. Of the 17, 17, 14, and 13 studies on the relationship between BPA with abdominal obesity, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia, 10, 6, 3, and 4 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, respectively. The results showed that the risk of abdominal obesity increased with the increase of BPA exposure, especially in the group with higher BPA exposure levels (Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1, pooled OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.33; Q3 vs. Q1, pooled OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.51; Q4 vs. Q1, pooled OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.61). However, there was no significant correlation between BPA exposure and metabolic syndrome components including hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia. The present study found that BPA exposure is significantly associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity. However, the relationship between BPA with metabolic syndrome and its other components needs further longitudinal studies to verify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an anthropogenic chemical compound utilized to manufacture a wide range of consumer products, such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), food packages, and thermal papers. Because of its extensive worldwide use, BPA is pervasive in the environment, negatively affecting aquatic life. Therefore, we studied the occurrence, persistence, and ecological risk of BPA in surface water receiving raw leachate from a municipal solid waste (MSW) open dump in Kerawalapitiya, Sri Lanka. Our findings corroborate that the BPA average concentrations in the canal network were 0.4–42.6 µg/L during the wet season and 0.2–4.9 µg/L during the dry season. The levels of BPA at 11 locations (out of 16) during both seasons differed significantly from the upstream sample, where there was no impact from the dump site (p < 0.05), indicating the ubiquitous occurrence and persistence of BPA in the canal network. BPA levels in the waterbodies are greater in the wet period than in the dry period because of the continuous ingress of run‐off‐driven leachate to the canal network. Our study infers that pH and salinity correlate positively with BPA, while temperature, DO, and TSS are negatively correlated with BPA. BPA levels in five locations during the wet season and one during the dry season surpassed the tolerable level of BPA stipulated by the Canadian Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines to safeguard aquatic life, which is 3.5 µg/L. The findings of the acute ecological risk assessment articulate that during the wet season, Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and orange chromide (Etroplus maculatus) constitute a high acute risk, while they pose a medium acute risk during the dry season. Our study suggests that the relevant authorities must prevent the ingress of runoff rich with BPA onto the canal network to protect aquatic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, wastewater treatment plants and collection systems from Nagpur, Central India were studied for frequently occurring endocrine disrupting chemicals. All the EDCs, such as bisphenol A, butylparaben, and diethyl phthalate were present in all the collected samples with a detection frequency of 100%. Laboratory analysis revealed high bisphenol A, butylparaben, and diethyl phthalate levels, with mean concentrations of 79.10, 4.12, and 2.25 μg/L, respectively, in influent samples and 33.20, 1.62, and 0.77 μg/L, respectively, in the effluent wastewater. The distribution of the emergent pollutants among the sampling locations was found to be consistent with the physicochemical characteristics of wastewater, according to the component analysis, and the sites with the highest levels of contamination were also identified. Finally, an ecological risk assessment was carried out for aquatic biota in terms of risk quotients. The risk quotients for the target chemicals in effluent wastewater suggested a minimal impact, except for the target insect Chrironomus riparius, which had a risk quotient value of 33.20 for bisphenol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of natural clay minerals for the adsorption of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) presents a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach. However, the hydrophilic nature of clay minerals' surface limits their efficacy in removing these hydrophobic pollutants. To overcome these limitations, this study employed two cationic surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), to modify kaolin minerals to enhance their capacity to adsorb a specific type of EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA), and its analogs. The experimental results validated that the surfactant‐modified kaolin exhibited remarkable efficiency in removing BPA from water. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of CPC‐K and CTAC‐K for BPA were determined to be 11.4 mg/g (pH = 2.0–8.0) and 13.4 mg/g (pH = 2.0–6.5), respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that the BPA adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic process, while isotherm analysis suggested that the BPA adsorption was better described by the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.993–0.998). The surfactant‐modified kaolin demonstrated a retention of over 70% of its initial adsorption capacity after five cycles of desorption and regeneration, further confirming its potential for recycling. Additionally, these modified adsorbents exhibited excellent compatibility in removing bisphenol analogs. These findings provide valuable insights into the practical application of surfactant‐modified clay minerals for the elimination of hydrophobic organic pollutants from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics, while providing modern conveniences, have become an inescapable source of global concern due to their role in environmental pollution. Particularly, the focus on bisphenol A (BPA) reveals its biohazardous nature and association with liver issues, specifically steatosis. However, research indicates that BPA is just one facet of the problem, as other bisphenol analogues, microplastics, nanoplastics and additional plastic derivatives also pose potential risks. Notably, BPA is implicated in every stage of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset and progression, surpassing hepatitis B virus as a primary cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. As plastic contamination tops the environmental contaminants list, urgent action is needed to assess causative factors and mitigate their impact. This review delves into the molecular disruptions linking plastic pollutant exposure to liver diseases, emphasizing the broader connection between plastics and the rising prevalence of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance that can harm the environment and human health by interfering with the normal functioning of the body's hormonal system. It is commonly found in various plastic‐based products such as cosmetics, canned foods, beverage containers, and medical equipment and as well as it can also be absorbed by inhalation. There have been limited studies on the effects of BPA on lung fibroblasts, and it is still unclear how high levels of BPA can impact respiratory system cells, particularly the lungs and trachea. In this research, we aimed to investigate the cell cycle disruption potential of BPA on respiratory system cells by examining healthy trachea and lung cells together for the first time. The findings indicated that BPA exposure can alter the healthy cells' morphology, leading to reduced cellular viability that has been assessed by MTT and SRB assays. BPA treatment was able to activate caspase3 as expected, which could cause apoptosis in treated cells. Although the highest dose of BPA did not increase the apoptotic rate of rat trachea cells, it remarkably caused them to become necrotic (52.12%). In addition to quantifying the induction of apoptosis and necrosis by BPA, cell cycle profiles were also determined using flow cytometry. Thereby, BPA treatment unexpectedly inhibited the cell cycle's progression by causing G2/M cell cycle arrest in both lung and tracheal cells, which hindered cell proliferation. The findings of the study suggested that exposure to BPA could lead to serious respiratory problems, even respiratory tract cancers via alterations in the cell cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorinated bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives are formed during chlorination process of drinking water, whereas bisphenol S (BPS) and brominated BPA and BPS (TBBPA and TBBPS) were synthesized for many industrial uses such as fire retardants. However, the effect of halogenated BPA and BPS derivatives on glucocorticoid metabolizing enzyme 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β‐HSD1) remains unclear. The inhibitory effects of 6 BPA derivatives in the inhibition of human and rat 11β‐HSD1 were investigated. The potencies for inhibition on human 11β‐HSD1 were TBBPA (IC50, 3.87 μM) = monochloro BPA (MCBPA, 4.08 μM) = trichloro BPA (TrCBPA, 4.41 μM) > tetrachloro BPA (TCBPA, 9.75 μM) > TBBPS (>100 μM) = BPS (>100 μM), and those for rat 11β‐HSD1 were TrCBPA (IC50, 2.76 μM) = MCBPA (3.75 μM) > TBBPA (39.58 μM) > TCBPA = TBBPS = BPS. All these BPA derivatives are mixed/competitive inhibitors of both human and rat enzymes. Molecular docking studies predict that MCBPA, TrCBPA, TCBPA, and TBBPA all bind to the active site of human 11β‐HSD1, forming hydrogen bonds with catalytic residue Ser170 except TCBPA. Regression of the lowest binding energy with IC50 values revealed a significant inverse linear regression. In conclusion, halogenated BPA derivatives are mostly potent inhibitors of human and rat 11β‐HSD1, and there is structure‐dependent inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐loaded biochar (BC) catalytic systems are widely used for the removal of organic pollutants. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on the impact of different preparation conditions on the performance of synthetic materials. In the present research, CuO and Fe2O3 were loaded on the surface of Ginkgo biloba BC by a hydrothermal method and a chemical co‐precipitation method to prepare carbon‐based metal catalytic materials. Bisphenol A (BPA) was selected as the target pollutant to study the activation effect of the metal‐loaded BC to persulfate (PS). The results showed that the catalytic performance of the CuO/BC materials was better than that of Fe2O3/BC and Fe2O3/CuO/BC. By exploring the influence of the preparation process on the catalytic performance, it can be obtained that the optimal calcination temperature was 350°C and the optimal loading ratio was 2.5:1(w/w) for CuO/BC materials. The CuO/BC prepared under this condition could remove 81.5% of BPA within 60 min. The research results are beneficial to promote the efficient utilization of metal‐loaded BC in the field of organic pollutant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a novel strategy employing a phosphate‐mediated S‐scheme 2D/2D Van der Waals heterojunction, xCu[acs]/yP‐BCN, linking copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) with boron‐doped and nitrogen‐deficient graphitic carbon nitride (BCN). By leveraging phosphate as a charge transfer mediator, spatial constraints are mitigated, facilitating efficient electron transition from BCN to CuPc upon excitation. The captured photoelectrons by CuPc central Cu2+ ion promote CO2 conversion into valuable products, boosting photocatalytic efficiency by 78‐fold compared to standalone BCN. In situ µs transient absorption spectroscopy quantitatively demonstrates a remarkable 36.4% electron transfer efficiency for CO2 reduction with xCu[acs]/yP‐BCN, surpassing other catalyst configurations. Additionally, a 4% CuPc integration into BCN substantially increases photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) to 96%, attributed to the heterojunction's ability to prevent charge carrier recombination. Moreover, under direct sunlight, the optimized heterostructure achieves a bisphenol‐A (BPA) photodegradation efficiency of approximately 70.6%, highlighting the potential of interface‐tailored photocatalysts in efficiently reducing CO2 and degrading environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tetraphenylethylene-containing bisphenol monomer 5-[4-(triphenylvinyl)phenyl]benzene-1,3-diol (TPE-OH) was designed and synthesized by Suzuki coupling and nucleophilic substitution reaction. By adjusting the proportion of TPE-OH, a series of rigid polyaryl ether, namely PPTES, were facilely synthesized by homopolymerization or copolymerization with 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-diazepine-1-one (DHPZ) and 4,40-difluorodiphenyl sulfone (DFS). The following characterization of their structures with nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis of both monomers and polymers. Large, volume-twisted and non-coplanar rigid tetraphenylethylene could effectively increase the molecular chain spacing and reduce the regularity of the molecular chain, as evidenced by molecular dynamics simulation with Materials Studio, in turn to form an amorphous nature of PPTES phase state. In addition, such PPTESs have excellent solubility, heat resistance, and other comprehensive properties. Their glass transition temperature (Tg) is between 219 and 300°C, and the 5% thermogravimetric temperature of PPTESs locates at 490-539°C under N2 atmosphere. At 1 GHz, the intrinsic dielectric permittivity of polymer films is between 2.32 and 2.61, gradually decreases with TPE-OH content. This work would provide new idea and choice for the selection of polyaryl ether resin bisphenol monomer, and promote the development and application of low-dielectric polyarylether materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations (UN) has considered water a human right since 1977. However, freshwater available for consumption represents less than 1% of all water on Earth. Groundwater represents one of the largest reserves of drinking water and is susceptible to chemical contamination, especially from pollutants that seep into the soil, such as atrazine, bisphenol A, and tetracycline. These substances, along with Escherichia coli, were selected to simulate contamination in groundwater samples and evaluate the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation using boron‐doped diamond anodes and four different anion salts to analyze their impact on the treatment process. After electrolysis, the degradation of tetracycline, bisphenol A and atrazine was found to increase with decreasing current density, with average values of 77%, 96% and 100% at 15 mA cm−2 and 68%, 83% and 99% at 35 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, the mineralization of these substances showed the same behavior, decreasing from 67%, 64%, and 54% at 15 mA cm−2 to 52%, 35%, and 49% at 35 mA cm−2. The analysis of the results showed that the ions present in the solution significantly affect the degradation process and that they interact with the impurities used. For atrazine and tetracycline, the degradation efficiency followed the same pattern, PO43− ${{\mathrm{PO}}_{4}}^{3-}$ < SO42− ${{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}}^{2-}$ < NO3− ${{\mathrm{NO}}_{3}}^{-}$ < Cl− ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}$. However, in the case of bisphenol A and E. coli, phosphate showed better results, similar to nitrate. The high efficiency in eliminating bacteria, even at high concentrations, shows that the electrochemical treatment system has a strong bactericidal effect, eliminating bacterial colonies with up to 5 min of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as oxidizing agents are a promising technology. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to initially construct carbazole‐based D‐π‐A type conjugated polymer (PBNCZ) via the oxidative coupling. Additionally, introducing ─COO− through Cyano hydrolysis extends its conjugated structure and improves the energy band structure, which greatly facilitates the generation of •OH as well as the enrichment of pollutants. Detailed experiments and theoretical calculations have proved that the introduction of ─COO− enhances the adsorption of O2 and bisphenol A (BPA), optimizing the reaction path of •OH. Thus, it completely decomposes 10 ppm of BPA within just 10 min, exceeding all previously organic photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production by PBNCZ‐COO− reaches 1719.03 µmol h−1 g−1 under visible light. This multifunctional material with high adsorption capacity, photodegradation efficiency, and photocatalytic H2O2 production activity provides a solid foundation for the preparation of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as oxidizing agents are a promising technology. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to initially construct carbazole‐based D‐π‐A type conjugated polymer (PBNCZ) via the oxidative coupling. Additionally, introducing ─COO− through Cyano hydrolysis extends its conjugated structure and improves the energy band structure, which greatly facilitates the generation of •OH as well as the enrichment of pollutants. Detailed experiments and theoretical calculations have proved that the introduction of ─COO− enhances the adsorption of O2 and bisphenol A (BPA), optimizing the reaction path of •OH. Thus, it completely decomposes 10 ppm of BPA within just 10 min, exceeding all previously organic photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production by PBNCZ‐COO− reaches 1719.03 µmol h−1 g−1 under visible light. This multifunctional material with high adsorption capacity, photodegradation efficiency, and photocatalytic H2O2 production activity provides a solid foundation for the preparation of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A promising high temperature phthalonitrile (PN) resin composed of a polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) core bridged by two bisphenol A linkers and end capped with PN groups is presented. This PEKK‐PN resin was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, and rheometry. The PEKK‐PN resin was evaluated with two different compositions containing 1) 70:30 PEKK‐PN to bisphenol A PN (n = 0) and 2) pure PEKK‐PN. The 70:30 PEKK‐PN resin was mixed with bis[4‐(3‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone and exhibited a melt viscosity of 271 cP, much lower than the 657 cP viscosity of the pure PEKK‐PN mixture. Void‐free PEKK‐PN polymers were easily prepared by degassing and curing up to 380°C, resulting in fully crosslinked networks exhibiting thermal stability above 500°C and a 75% char yield. Additionally, the cured PEKK‐PN polymer samples displayed good mechanical integrity retaining 50% stiffness at 300°C. This combination of properties suggests these new PEKK‐PN resins are excellent materials for high temperature thermosets in composite applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental damage caused by waste plastics and downstream chemical breakdown products is a modern crisis. Endocrine‐disrupting bisphenol A (BPA), found in breakdown products of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC), is an especially pernicious example that interferes with the reproduction and development of a wide range of organisms, including humans. Herein we report a single‐stage thiocracking method to chemically upcycle polycarbonate using elemental sulfur, a waste product of fossil fuel refining. Importantly, this method disintegrates bisphenol A units into monoaryls, thus eliminating endocrine‐disrupting BPA from the material and from any potential downstream waste. Thiocracking of PC (10 wt%) with elemental sulfur (90 wt%) at 320 °C yields the highly crosslinked network SPC90. The composition, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of SPC90 were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, elemental analysis, SEM/EDX, compressive strength tests, and flexural strength tests. The composite SPC90 (compressive strength = 12.8 MPa, flexural strength = 4.33 MPa) showed mechanical strengths exceeding those of commercial bricks and competitive with those of mineral cements. The approach discussed herein represents a method to chemically upcycle polycarbonate while deconstructing BPA units, and valorizing waste sulfur to yield structurally viable building materials that could replace less‐green legacy materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic H2O2 generation system based on polymer catalyst receives increasing attention in recent years; however, the insufficient charge separation efficiency and low oxygen adsorption/activation capacity severely limit their potential application. In this study, a sulfur (C=S) functionalized polymer catalyst is reported through a green water‐mediated and catalyst‐free multi‐component reactions (MCRs) route. The sulfur functional group endows the polymer with a suitable energy band and facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pair. The reported polymer achieves a high H2O2 production efficiency (3132 μmol g−1 h−1) in pure water without oxygen aeration. To demonstrate their potential in in situ wastewater treatment, a panel reactor system (20×20 cm) is constructed for large‐scale production of H2O2, which realizes continuous degradation of emerging pollutants including antibiotics and bisphenol A under natural sunlight irradiation condition. The H2O2 utilization efficiency of the photo‐self‐Fenton system using in situ generated H2O2 is found 7.9 times higher than that of the traditional photo‐Fenton system. This study offers new insights in green synthesis and design of functional polymer photocatalyst, and demonstrates the feasibility of panel reactor system for large‐scale continuous H2O2 photocatalytic production and water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to enhance the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens in commercial photosensitive resin (PS‐resin) through blend‐thermosets using a benzoxazine monomer based on bisphenol A and a commercially available resin. Specifically, a benzoxazine‐based bisphenol A compound, 6,6‐(propane‐2,2‐diyl)bis(3‐cyclohexyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazine), was successfully synthesized via the Mannich reaction. The synthesis involved paraformaldehyde, bisphenol A, and cyclohexylamine in a molar ratio of 4:1:2, respectively. To prepare the blend‐thermosets, a stereolithography 3D printer (SLA) was utilized, combining the PS‐resin with varying amounts of the benzoxazine (ranging from 0 to 8 parts per hundred of resin, phr). The printed specimens were then subjected to a polymerization process by heating them at various temperatures ranging from 120 to 160°C in a hot air oven for 2 h, allowing the benzoxazine to undergo ring‐opening reaction and form the thermoset structure. Characterization of all the materials obtained, including the PS‐resin, benzoxazine, and the blend‐thermosets before and after heating, was conducted using techniques such as FT‐IR and DSC. This work also showcased a sample technique for verifying the ring‐opening of the benzoxazine ring. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the blend‐thermosets were evaluated through tests for tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, and hardness. The addition of merely 2 phr of benzoxazine monomers and subsequent curing at 120°C resulted in a notable improvement in the mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common synthetic endocrine disruptor that can be utilized in the fabrication of materials such as polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Numerous studies have linked BPA to learning and memory problems, although the precise mechanism remains unknown. Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system, and it is intimately related to learning and memory. This study aims to evaluate whether altered cognitive behavior involves the GABA signaling pathway in male offspring of rats exposed to BPA during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. Pregnant rats were orally given BPA (0, 0.04, 0.4, and 4 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day) from the first day of pregnancy to the 21st day of breastfeeding. Three‐week‐old male rat offspring were selected for an open‐field experiment and a new object recognition experiment to evaluate the effect of BPA exposure on cognitive behavior. Furthermore, the role of GABA signaling markers in the cognition affected by BPA was investigated at the molecular level using western blotting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The research demonstrated that BPA exposure impacted the behavior and memory of male rat offspring and elevated the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), GABA type A receptors subunit (GABAARα1), and GABA vesicle transporter (VGAT) in the hippocampus while decreasing the expression levels of GABA transaminase (GABA‐T) and GABA transporter 1 (GAT‐1). These findings indicate that the alteration in the expression of GABA signaling molecules may be one of the molecular mechanisms by which perinatal exposure to BPA leads to decreased learning and memory in male rat offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an exogenous endocrine‐disrupting chemical, is widely used to produce polycarbonate plastics. The widely used BPA has been detected in human urine samples, raising public anxiety about the detrimental effects of BPA on the bladder. In this study, we explored regulatory mechanisms for the adverse effects of BPA in human bladder BdFC and T24 cells. BPA induced extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest caused by the ATM‐CHK1/CHK2‐CDC25c‐CDC2 signaling, which ultimately inhibited the growth of human bladder cells. We also found that BPA decreased the binding activity of AP‐1 and NF‐κB transcription factors in human bladder cells, which inhibited migration and invasion through matrix metallopeptidase‐2 and ‐9 inactivation. Phosphorylation of MAPKs was implicated with BPA‐mediated detrimental effects in human bladder cells. Collectively, our results provide a novel explanation for the underlying molecular mechanisms that BPA induces cytotoxicity in human bladder cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound widely used especially in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA is a carcinogen and comes into foods due to plastic materials that come into contact with foodstuffs. The aim of this research was to determine the change in the BPA level in Savak brined white cheese during cold storage in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages. For this purpose, two groups were assigned as control (standard cheese produced by raw cow's milk) and BPA (cheese produced from the raw cow milk with 1 mg/L BPA added). The cheese samples were packed in PET packages containing, an 18% brine solution, and stored at +4°C for 270 days. The statistically significant difference was found in BPA levels between the control and BPA‐added group in PET packages (P ≤ 0.05). The BPA levels in the brine solution and cheese of the control group were determined between 0.443–0.747 μg/L and 0.927–1.237 μg/kg, respectively. BPA levels in the brine and cheeses of the BPA‐added group were between 1387–1894 μg/L and 3702–4205 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the using of BPA in cheese production leads to very high levels of BPA even during long storage and poses a risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as natural and synthetic hormones as well as phenolic industrial chemicals are considered contaminants of emerging concern in environmental waters. While EDCs carried through rivers may impact ecosystem health and productivity, these compounds are still not widely studied nor regulated. In the present study, we report the occurrence of EDCs in urban rivers in Mega Manila, namely, the Marikina, Pasig, Angat, and Pampanga Rivers that drain into Manila Bay. Endocrine‐disrupting compounds may have reached these rivers through domestic wastewater and industrial effluents. Water samples from the rivers were extracted by solid‐phase extraction before instrumental analysis using a liquid chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The analytical method exhibited good linear response (>99% in the concentration range of 1–50 µg/L) and low instrument detection limits (0.14–1.46 µg/L) for the hormones estrone (E1), estradiol, ethinylestradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, and the industrial chemicals bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and octylphenol. Of the hormones, E1 was detected up to 11 ng/L. Bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and octylphenol were measured up to 54, 1878, and 62 ng/L, respectively. Endocrine‐disrupting compounds are not yet monitored in water bodies in the Philippines and there are no local guidelines yet on occurrence, pollution prevention, and mitigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:259–266. © 2023 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic environmental pollutant widely used in industry, as well as is an endocrine disrupting chemicals and has a toxic effects on heart tissue. The aim of this study is to reveal the cardioprotective effects of 18β‐glycyrretinic acid (GA) against BPA‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats. In this study, 40 male rats were used and five different groups (each group includes eight rats) were formed. The rats were applied BPA (250 mg/kg b.w.) alone or with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. Rats were killed on Day 15 and heart tissues were taken for analysis. GA treatment decreased serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB levels, reducing BPA‐induced heart damage. GA treatment showed ameliorative effects against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress caused by BPA by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and GSH level of the heart tissue and decreasing the MDA level. In addition, GA showed antiapoptotic effect by increasing Bcl‐2, procaspase‐3, and ‐9 protein expression levels and decreasing Bax, cytochrome c, and P53 protein levels in heart tissue. As a result, it was found that GA has cardioprotective effects on heart tissue by exhibiting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects against heart damage caused by BPA, an environmental pollutant. Thus, it was supported that GA could be a potential cardioprotective agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing advanced stationary phases to improve separation efficiency is essential in capillary electrochromatography. Due to their outstanding performance, covalent organic frameworks have recently demonstrated considerable promise in the field of separation science. Herein, an open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography method was reported using porous imine‐based covalent organic framework with sufficiently available interaction sites as stationary phase. The imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary was easily prepared via an in situ growth method at room temperature, and its separation performance was evaluated, indicating the high separation efficiency for three types of analytes, including herbicides, polybrominated dibenzofurans, and bisphenols. Moreover, the imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary showed good reproducibility and stability, with intraday (n = 3), interday (n = 3), and column‐to‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations of retention time and peak areas of less than 5%. The separation efficiency of the coated capillary remained unchanged even after 200 runs and the maximum theoretical plates reached up to 85 595 N/m for 4,4′‐ethylidenebisphenol. It was predicted that the imine‐based covalent organic framework stationary phase would be a strong contender for chromatographic separation with high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution caused by organic micro‐pollutants is seriously harmful to aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this work, a hierarchical porous aerogel (HPAG) prepared from rigid conjugated polymers is used to remove organic micro‐pollutants from water. Thanks to the hierarchical porous structure and rich π electrons, HPAG showed a fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity for adsorbates. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of HPAG for bisphenol A, 1‐naphthylamine, and naphthalene is 60.5, 50.9 and 63.9 mg g−1 at 10 ppm, respectively, and the adsorption behaviors were in accordance with the Freundlich model. HPAG exhibited a high preference in adsorbing organic micro‐pollutants with high hydrophobicity, and the removal efficiency for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reached over 95%. The HPAG can be easily recycled and regenerated after washing with dichloromethane, and the adsorption performance maintained above 82% after 5 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are truncated cone‐like structures that are natural cyclic oligosaccharides. Here, a simple preparation method for super porous poly(α‐CD), poly(β‐CD), and poly(γ‐CD) cryogels crosslinking with divinyl sulfone at 150%, 100% and 125% mole ratios with respect to the α‐CD, β‐CD, and γ‐CD molecules, respectively, under cryogenic conditions, is reported. The interconnected homogeneous pore distribution of CD‐based cryogels with pore sizes in the range of 5–100 μm is confirmed by SEM analysis. The CD‐based cryogels weighing 10 mg are determined as hemocompatible with <1% hemolysis ratios and >79% blood clotting indexes; whereas the same materials weighing 1 mg are biocompatible with >75% cell viability on L929 fibroblasts. Additionally, active agent adsorption/delivery efficiencies of CD‐based cryogels utilizing two active agents, Bisphenol A (BPA, a carcinogenic compound) and Curcumin (CUR, a polyphenolic compound), are individually evaluated. It was revealed that p(γ‐CD) cryogels exhibited the highest active agent loading capacity for BPA, 87 ± 13 mg/g, whereas p(α‐CD) cryogels showed the highest loading capacity for CUR, 136 ± 4 mg/g. Moreover, the active agent release from p(α‐CD), p(β‐CD), and p(γ‐CD) cryogel networks at pH 7.4 and 37°C were determined as 40.6 ± 2, 35.3 ± 2, and 34 ± 1 mg/g for BPA, and 1.07 ± 0.2, 1.27 ± 0.1, and 1.37 ± 0.1 mg/g for CUR, respectively, within 96 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycarbonate (PC) is a thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent properties, and its excellent dielectric properties have broad application prospects in the field of electronics. In this paper, bisphenol Z (BPZ) and diphenyl carbonate (DPC) are used as raw materials to synthesize special polycarbonate (BPZ‐PC) by melt transesterification. The effects of catalyst type, catalyst dosage, molar ratio of raw materials, transesterification reaction time and vacuum degree, polycondensation reaction temperature and time on the molecular weight of the product are investigated, and the optimal reaction conditions are obtained. The chemical structure of the product is verified by FTIR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectra tests. The thermal properties, mechanical properties, optical properties and dielectric properties of BPZ‐PC are evaluated. Therefore, due to its excellent performance, BPZ‐PC, a high‐performance low‐dielectric polycarbonate, can be widely used in high‐frequency communication, microelectronics, and aerospace industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microextraction based on pH‐responsive deep eutectic solvent combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of bisphenol A in water samples. Five deep eutectic solvents were prepared using thymol (hydrogen bond acceptor) and 6‐, 8‐, 9‐, 10‐, and 12‐carbon carboxylic acids (hydrogen bond donor), and were used as extraction solvent. Herein, by alkalinizing the environment, phase transition takes place, and by adding acid, phase separation and extraction of analytes occur simultaneously. Some important parameters on the extraction such as deep eutectic solvent type, molar ratio of deep eutectic solvent components, deep eutectic solvent volume, potassium hydroxide concentration, hydrochloric acid volume, extraction time, and salt addition were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, intra‐ and interday precisions of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 10 μg L–1 of bisphenol A in water samples were 2.2% and 4.3%, respectively. The analytical performance of the method showed linearity over the concentration of 0.05–50 μg L−1 with the detection limit of 0.02 μg L−1. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by spiking different concentrations of bisphenol A in real water samples and obtaining relative recoveries in the range of 92.5%−105.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing scientific and regulatory concern regarding environmental concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) increases the need to understand the sources and sinks of this chemical. We developed a coupled flow network/fugacity‐based fate and transport model to assess the contribution of different emissions sources to the concentration of BPA in surface water in Germany. The model utilizes BPA loadings and sinks, BPA physicochemical properties, a water flow network, environmental characteristics, and fugacity equations. The model considers industrial emissions, leaching from BPA‐containing articles, wastewater treatment and bypass events, and emissions from landfills. The model also considers different scenarios that account for changes in the usage profile of BPA. Model predictions compare favorably to measured surface water concentrations, with the modeled concentrations generally falling within the range of measured values. Model scenarios that consider reductions in BPA usage due to government‐mandated restrictions and voluntary reductions in usage predict falling BPA concentrations that are consistent with the most recent monitoring data. Model predictions of the contributions from different usage scenarios and wastewater treatment methods can be used to assess the efficacy of different restrictions and waste handling strategies to support efforts to evaluate the costs and benefits associated with actions aimed at reducing BPA levels in the environment. This feature of the model is of particular importance, given current efforts to update the regulations regarding BPA usage in the EU. The model indicates that as the current restriction on BPA in thermal paper works through the paper recycling process, BPA concentrations will continue to decrease. Other actions, such as upgrades to the stormwater and wastewater infrastructure to minimize the frequency of storm‐related bypasses, are predicted to provide more meaningful reductions than additional restrictions on usage. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:226–238. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Key Points: We used a coupled fugacity‐based model and flow network to model BPA in surface waters of Germany that considered different scenarios representative of current and future BPA usage.There was good agreement between the measured and modeled concentrations, and the model predicted the observed reduction in surface water concentrations associated with recent usage restrictions.The model predicts that improved management of landfills and landfill leachate and improvements in stormwater infrastructure can result in significant reductions in loadings and therefore further reductions in surface water BPA concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) enters the environment through various industrial and consumer‐related pathways. Industrial sources include BPA manufacturing and secondary industrial uses such as the manufacturing of polymers and other substances based on or containing BPA. However, secondary sources and emissions to the environment, such as those related to the consumer use of articles containing BPA, may be more important than industrial emissions. Although readily biodegradable, BPA is widely distributed in various environmental compartments and living organisms. It is still not well understood which specific sources and pathways are responsible for releasing BPA into the environment. Therefore, we developed FlowEQ, a coupled flow network and fugacity‐based fate and transport model for the assessment of BPA in surface water. The work is divided into two parts. In Part I, inputs needed to support the modeling and model validation were collected. Bisphenol A was measured at 23 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and 21 landfills in Germany. In addition, the BPA content of 132 consumer articles from 27 article classes was analyzed. Bisphenol A concentrations in WWTPs ranged from 0.33 to 910 µg L−1 in influents and from less than 0.01 to 0.65 µg L−1 in effluents, resulting in removal efficiencies of 13%–100%. Average BPA concentrations in landfill leachate ranged from less than 0.01 to approximately 1400 µg L−1. Bisphenol A concentrations measured in consumer articles varied significantly by type, ranging from less than 0.5 µg kg−1 in printing inks up to 1 691 700 µg kg−1 in articles made from recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These concentrations were combined with information on use, leaching, and contact with water to develop estimates of loadings. Together with the results of the FlowEQ modeling presented in Part II, this assessment improves our understanding of the sources and emission pathways of BPA in surface water. The model considers various sources of BPA and can estimate future surface water concentrations of BPA based on changes in use. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:211–225. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Key Points: We conducted a comprehensive study of bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in wastewater treatment plants, landfill leachates, and consumer articles in Germany.These measurements were used to improve the understanding of the importance of different products and uses as sources of BPA in surface water.The measurements were used to calculate BPA loadings to surface water and treatment removal efficiencies in support of a coupled fugacity‐based model and flow network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are constantly exposed to low concentrations of ubiquitous environmental pollutant, Bisphenol A (BPA). Due to the prevalence of hypertension (one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease [CVD]) in the population, it is necessary to explore the adverse effect of BPA under hypertension associated pathogenic milieu. The current study exposed the Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) induced hypertensive Wistar rats to low dose BPA (50 μg/kg) for 30 days period. In tissue samples immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic assays were conducted. Moreover, studies on primary kidney cell culture were employed to explore the impact of low dose of BPA exposure at nanomolar level (20−80 nM range) on renal cells through various fluorescence assays. The observed results illustrate that BPA exposure potentiates/aggravates hypertension induced tissue abnormalities (renal fibrosis), oxidative stress (ROS generation), elevated angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity, malfunction of the antioxidant and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, tissue lipid abnormalities and inflammatory factor expression (both messenger RNA and protein level of TNF‐α and IL‐6). Further, in vitro exposure of nM levels of BPA to primary kidney cells modulates oxidative stress (both superoxide and total ROS), mitochondrial physiology (reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential—∆ψm) and lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner. In addition, angiotensin II induced ROS generation was aggravated further by BPA during coexposure in kidney cells. Therefore, during risk assessment, a precise investigation on BPA exposure in hypertensive (CVD vulnerable) populations is highly suggested. Highlights: Bisphenol A (BPA) potentiates kidney tissue abnormalities in hypertensive animals.Low dose BPA exposure aggravates oxidative stress under hypertensive milieu.BPA exposure stimulates TNF‐α and IL‐6 expression.Low dose BPA elevates ROS levels and mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney cells.BPA exposure amplifies Angiotensin II induced ROS generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring of bisphenol A (BPHA) is required as its release with byproducts into the aquatic environment every year, causes pollution and toxicity which affects the human health. An efficient electrochemical sensor is therefore needed to determine BPHA in water from natural resources. To construct the sensor, a thin layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is applied to the surface of glassy carbon (GC) then β‐CD and Aunano are sequentially electrodeposited. The performance of the sensor is optimized and shows excellent catalytic effect in wide concentration range 7 nM to 700 μM with low detection limit of 5.02 nM compared to other cited modified electrodes. Each of the sensor constituents share in the enhancement of its performance; Aunano has intrinsic surface electroactivity, β‐CD "host" allows for BPHA "guest" surface accumulation, and CNTs with large conductive surface area realize homogeneous distribution of the other two components. The advantages of the BPHA electrochemical sensor are simple to prepare, timesaving, and shows good sensitivity, stability, selectivity in presence of interfering ions and compounds, it is suitable for use with portable simple equipment for in situ measurements. Furthermore, the application of the sensor in wastewater samples shows good recovery of BPHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A and its structural analogs are used by industrial processes for the manufacture of plastics, and medical and electronic devices. When these products are disposed of, they tend to leach out causing pollution and impacting human health. Thus, many studies are focused on detecting the presence of Bisphenols in environmental matrices, especially in water and food, as it is a major route of human exposure. Advancements have been made in the preparation and detection of samples using different analytical techniques. The most widely used techniques for bisphenol detection are liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. The progress made for ultra‐trace detection of Bisphenols via the development of efficient sample extraction techniques and the benefits of each technique are highlighted. The recent advances in detection techniques using colorimetric and Raman spectroscopy are reviewed with an emphasis on the use of portable onsite techniques compared to conventional labor‐intensive and time‐consuming techniques. An overview of all the approaches to determining Bisphenols in environmental and food samples is discussed in detail to provide insight into the progress made in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is one of the most commonly used alternatives of bisphenol A in the plastics industry. The effects of BPAF on nervous development are unclear. Curcumin (CUR) has been determined to be an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant agent. In this study, the effects of BPAF on neurotoxicity of zebrafish embryos/larvae and whether CUR could reverse effects induced by BPAF were investigated. The results showed that BPAF treatment induced deficits in locomotor behavior, altered the larval brain development, caused aberrant expression of neurogenesis related genes (elavl3, zn5, α‐tubulin, syn2a, and gap43), decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and induced oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in zebrafish larvae. CUR addition could block the adverse effects of BPAF on nervous development by attenuated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by BPAF in zebrafish, enhanced the activity of AChE, and increased the expression of genes involved in the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐8). The results of this study indicate that BPAF could induce aberrant development on nervous system. However, CUR exerts neuroprotective effects on BPAF‐induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is an alternative of bisphenol A in plastics industry. The effects of BPAF on nervous development are unclear. The results of this study showed that BPAF induced deficits in locomotor behavior, altered the brain development, caused aberrant expression of neurogenesis related genes, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, and induced oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in zebrafish larvae. CUR intervention blocked the adverse effects of BPAF on nervous development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]