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ABSTRACT Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted dermatology, particularly in diagnosing skin diseases. However, aesthetic dermatology faces unique challenges due to subjective evaluations and the lack of standardized assessment methods.This review aims to explore the current state of AI in dermatology, evaluate its application in diagnosing skin conditions, and discuss the limitations of traditional evaluation methods in aesthetic dermatology. Additionally, the review proposes strategies for future integration of AI to address existing challenges.A comprehensive review of AI applications in dermatology was conducted, in both diagnostic and aesthetic fields. Traditional methods such as subjective surveys and hardware devices were analyzed and compared with emerging AI technologies. The limitations of current AI models were evaluated, and the need for standardized evaluation methods and diverse datasets was identified.AI has shown great potential in diagnosing skin diseases, particularly skin cancer. However, in aesthetic dermatology, traditional methods remain subjective and lack standardization, therefore limiting their effectiveness. Emerging AI applications in this field show promise, but they have significant limitations due to biased datasets and inconsistent evaluation methods.To develop the potential of AI in aesthetic dermatology, it is crucial to create standardized evaluation methods, collect diverse datasets reflecting various ethnicities and ages, and educate practitioners on AI's utility and limitations. Addressing these challenges will improve diagnostic accuracy, better patient outcomes, and help integrate AI effectively into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Aim Patient/Methods Results Conclusion Laser procedures are often used for global improvement in skin quality. The state of the skin is under stress after laser treatment, and it is beneficial to utilize topical agents to assist with optimal healing and cosmetic outcomes. Currently, such post‐laser‐cosmeceutical synergies are being investigated. Skin adaptogens are bioactive ingredients that enhance the skin's resistance and adaptation to stress.Investigate the use of an adaptogenic moisturizing serum (AMS) in synergy with post‐laser treatment recovery.Eight patients underwent long‐pulsed 755‐nm alexandrite or 1064‐nm picosecond laser treatments on the face, targeting photoaging and pigmentation. After the laser treatment, during their healing process, they utilized a novel AMS twice daily to assist with the post‐laser recovery. A blinded expert grader evaluated before and after facial images of each patient using a modified Griffiths photodamage photonumeric scale.The findings revealed that the AMS was well‐tolerated with no reported adverse events, and elicited aesthetically pleasing results. There was a significant decrease in photodamage scores following the treatment (p = 0.0078) with a median reduction of 3.5. Patients had improvement in skin photodamage, pigmentation, and skin radiance in clinic and photography after a combination of laser and AMS serum treatments.Utilizing the adaptogen moisturizing serum skin care regimen after the laser treatments likely assisted in the skin's healing process. As a result, we propose that there is a potential benefit of combining certain laser treatments and an adaptogen‐based skin care regimen for better aesthetic outcomes and skin recuperation post‐procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophical aesthetics has recently been expanding its purview—with exciting work on everyday aesthetics, somaesthetics, gustatory aesthetics, and the aesthetics of imperceptibilia like mathematics and human character—reclaiming territory that was lost during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when the discipline begun concentrating almost exclusively on the philosophy of art and restricted the aesthetic realm to the distally perceptible. Yet there remains considerable reluctance towards acknowledging the aesthetic character of many of these objects. This raises an important question—partly made salient again by the ongoing expansion of the aesthetic domain, and partly by the fact that many still seem resistant to this aesthetic diversification—which aestheticians seem to avoid: what, if anything, constrains the scope of beauty or the aesthetic? I argue that form, construed as comprising a degree, however minimal, of experienceable complexity, is necessary and sufficient for an object's candidature for the possession of aesthetic properties. Such a condition serves to discriminate between attempts to expand the scope of the aesthetic that are legitimate and those that are not. If correct, my view suggests that the aesthetic realm, though not limitless, is very broad indeed—but this, I think, is as it should be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of modified vermilion border‐marionette line (MVBML) approach on postoperative facial scar, nerves injury, and prognosis of patients with buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC). Patients and Methods: This is a single‐center, prospective cohort study that enrolled 80 patients with BSCC from June 2015 to December 2020. According to the different surgical approaches, the patients were divided into two groups: the lower lip median (LLM) approach group and the MVBML approach group. Results: The results showed that the appearance (p = 0.003), scar consciousness (p < 0.001) and satisfaction with appearance (p = 0.001) of patients in the MVBML group were significantly better than those in the LLM group, and the difference was more obvious in elderly group. Statistical analysis of postoperative nerves injury showed that the MVBML group had a lower risk of facial and mental nerves injury than the LLM group, and there was a significant statistical difference in mental nerve injury between the two groups (p < 0.001). Through Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, we found no significant difference in disease‐specific survival (p = 0.47) or disease‐free survival (p = 0.70) between the LLM approach group and the MVBML approach group. Conclusions: The MVBML surgical approach is worthy of advancement for the surgical treatment of BSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adipose tissue is a vital metabolic organ that takes part in body homeostasis. However, an increase in fat tissue can be detrimental for one's health and lead to undesirable changes in body shape. Noninvasive lipolysis is becoming an increasingly popular method to destroy and remove excess body fat and improve one's satisfaction with their body appearance. Aim: The aim of this study was to perform an evidence‐based review of the clinical efficacy and safety of noninvasive lipolysis modalities in fat reduction. Materials and Methods: An evidence‐based review was performed to evaluate the scientific evidence available on the subject. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) were searched between February and May 2022 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies performed on adult population in the last 20 years investigating the clinical outcomes of noninvasive lipolysis modalities. The selected studies were divided by modality type (cryolipolysis, ultrasound therapy, radiofrequency, and laser therapy), and the data on the efficacy and safety were extracted. Results: In total, the search identified 55 papers which met the inclusion criteria. All four energy‐based modalities, including cryolipolysis, ultrasound therapy, radiofrequency, and laser therapy, were shown to be clinically effective in terms of both objective body measurements, such as fat layer thickness or circumference reduction, and subjective patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the abovementioned methods were proven to have a low side effect profile. Conclusion: In conclusion, although evidence supports safety and efficacy, further well‐designed trials are needed to strengthen confidence in long‐term effectiveness and safety of noninvasive lipolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: High‐quality perioperative photography is imperative to good surgical planning in facial reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. We explore the utility of an add‐on smartphone telephoto lens to avoid the distortions noted in prior studies using smartphone cameras. Methods: Standard perioperative photographs of the same subject were taken with three distinct cameras using a dual‐ring light setup. The three camera setups iPhone 11 alone, iPhone 11 with the 58 Moment telephoto lens attachment, and a D3300 Nikon DSLR APS‐C sensor camera with a 60 mm NIKKOR F2.8G ED macro lens were compared using a 47‐question online survey consisting of demographic and image‐specific questions sent to plastic surgeons. Results: Forty‐nine facial plastic surgeons completed the survey. The iPhone 11 alone was identified as having the lowest quality for central/peripheral distortion (83%), columella/caudal septum/alar anatomy (58.3%), and skin quality (38.3%). With the addition of the telephoto lens, the ability to assess all categories was significantly improved. 53.1% (n = 26) of respondents found the iPhone 11 + 58 mm telephoto lens setup to be the most useful for perioperative surgical planning. Conclusions: Smartphone photography with the addition of a telephoto lens can offer a comparable option to the DSLR with regard to photo quality and detail. Summary: A telephoto add‐on lens is an effective solution to overcome the central distortion seen in images taken by the iPhone for perioperative photography. This photo quality was found to be comparable to that of traditional DSLR cameras in our survey study. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2590–2596, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to compare differences between complete denture conditions self‐rated by older adult wearers and clinically exanimated by a professional based on standardised aesthetics and functional criteria. Materials and methods: Complete denture clinical examination was based on the functional (stability, retention, occlusion and articulation, vertical dimension of occlusion) and aesthetics criteria. Data on self‐rated complete denture conditions were measured using the Patient's Denture Assessment (PDA) questionnaire based on standardised aesthetic and functional criteria (n = 122). Prevalence rates of clinical and self‐rated complete denture condition, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and absolute and relative bias were calculated. Results: The highest sensitivity (66.7% [95% CI 55.3‐76.7]) was obtained for aesthetic criterion, whereas occlusion revealed the lowest sensitivity (14.9% [95% CI 6.2‐28.3]). Stability had the highest specificity (91.3% [95% CI 72.0‐98.9]) and aesthetics the lowest (21.4% [95% CI 8.3‐41.0]). Stability also yielded the highest positive predictive value (83.3% [95% CI 51.6‐97.9]), and vertical dimension of occlusion the lowest (26.3% [95% CI 9.1‐51.2]). The vertical dimension of occlusion yielded the highest negative predictive value (71.2% [95% CI 58.7‐81.7]). Self‐rated data underestimated the complete denture condition in 6.5% compared with clinical examinations when the aesthetic criterion was excluded from the analysis and 7.6% when added. Conclusions: Older adult wearers better identified the condition of their complete denture when the aesthetic criterion was excluded from examination. In contrast, considering functional criteria (retention, stability, occlusion and vertical dimension of occlusion), self‐rated complete denture conditions underestimated clinical examination. Clinical Relevance: Using standardised aesthetic criteria in epidemiological studies for assessing complete denture conditions self‐rated by wearers could avoid underestimating or overestimating the information regarding the use or need for dental prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many service and retail facilities, such as hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and airports, are incorporating nature elements into their building design. Individuals' affinity for nature is called biophilia. The literature on biophilic design heavily focuses on the restorative effects of biophilic design on the facility users, leaving many other effects under‐investigated. In particular, biophilic design implementation requires significant financial investment, thus, whether biophilic design can bring financial returns from consumers would be of interest to practitioners. This study investigates whether biophilic design attributes are linked to consumers' willingness to pay a price premium (WTPP). Two pretests show that when biophilic attributes are moderately implemented, they can elevate aesthetic and attractiveness perceptions, but this effect tapers off if the implementation is excessive. Through three between‐subjects main experiments, this study confirms that WTPP is enhanced via increased aesthetic value and luxury perceptions when biophilic attributes are present (vs. absent—Studies 1 and 2), but this serial mediation is moderated by biophilic scarcity (low vs. high—Study 3). An adequate level of nature elements, when implemented in biophilic‐scarce areas, can improve customers' perceptions of aesthetic value and luxury. This, in turn, improves customers' WTPP for the service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While the demand for aesthetic procedures is rising, complications are rising alongside. Infection is a frequent complication, there is therefore an increased need for strict aseptic technique, particularly in procedures breaching the skin. The level of training of practitioners carrying out these procedures varies and there are no comprehensive guidelines on aseptic aesthetic practice in the Benelux region. Objective: Developing a step‐by‐step procedure for achieving and maintaining a high standard of aseptic conditions in a standard aesthetic practice in the Benelux region. Methods: A consensus group of 10 aesthetic medical practitioners (dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and cosmetic physicians) representing the Benelux region convened to discuss best practice for aseptic techniques in medical aesthetics. Step‐by‐step procedures were recommended to achieve optimal aseptic practice in private facilities and define important considerations for reducing infection risk. Recommendations were based on current evidence and extensive clinical experience. Results: Recommendations were made to achieve and maintain a high standard of asepsis and infection control. Guidance included maintaining high standard aseptic conditions of the injecting room, the injecting area on the patient, the injection procedure, the materials, and procedures commonly used to achieve aseptic conditions. Conclusions: This expert consensus summary publication recommends aseptic procedures, setting a standard with the goal of minimizing rates of complications in aesthetic clinical practice in the Benelux region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faces and their aesthetic appreciation are a core element of social interaction. Although studies have been made on facial processing when looking at faces with different perspectives, a direct comparison of faces in the left to the right perspective is missing. Portraits in classical Western art indicate a preference of the left compared to the right perspective, but the neural underpinnings of such an asymmetry still have to be clarified. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the current study focuses on the processing of three-quarter faces seen with different perspectives. Seventeen participants were asked to passively look at photographs of six male and six female faces with a neutral expression; the photographs were taken from the left, right, and frontal perspectives while keeping their focus on the eyes. The results showed that specific brain areas were involved in processing the three-quarter faces in either symmetric or asymmetric ways. Viewing left and right three-quarter faces resulted in two mirror-like activations in the striate cortex corresponding to the symmetric layout of the left and right perspectives. Viewing the left face resulted additionally in an enhanced activation also in the left extrastriate cortex. The right perspective of male faces elicited a lower activation compared to other perspectives in face-selective areas of the brain. Our findings suggest that the preference of the left three-quarter face emerges already in the early visual pathway presumably prior to facial identification, emotional processing, and aesthetic appreciation. Our observations may have general importance in disentangling different neural components and processing stages in the spatiotemporal characteristics of artistic expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The external ear plays a significant aesthetic role in the appearance of the face. Chronological and extrinsic aging effects on the ear lobe get further pronounced since routine surgical aesthetic procedures for the face do not address these morphological changes. Ear adornment with jewelry and piercings further cause sagging of the ear lobe and stretch the ear piercing. Dermal fillers offer a viable option for ear lobe rejuvenation by increasing its volume and addressing the morphological changes with minimal adverse effects or downtime associated with surgery. Aims: The authors aim to review the choice of dermal fillers used for ear lobule correction. The anatomy and its implications on techniques used for ear lobe rejuvenation are elaborated in this article based on the authors experience and reported literature. Methods: All patients who had received ear lobe fillers were evaluated, treated and followed up. Literature review of experience of treating patients with hyaluronic acid fillers for ear lobule correction and their rejuvenation was reviewed. Results: Hyaluronic acid fillers are a quick and easy method to restore the youthfulness and aesthetic ideals of the ear lobe. They address all the parameters of aging, volume deficit, reduction in the number and depth of creases and improvement in the number of wrinkles which surgical correction may not address. They can also be used for prejuvenation in younger populations expected to wear heavier ear jewelry. The results are immediate, long‐lasting and the side effects and downtime are minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Data suggest that hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers using VYC technology have a higher incidence of delayed‐onset nodule development at facial injection sites than earlier HA products. Objective: To assess the incidence of delayed‐onset nodules with VYC products based on a single experienced injector. Methods and Materials: Patients with delayed‐onset nodules after injections with VYC‐20L, VYC‐17.5L, and VYC‐15L were identified by retrospective chart review. Results: Since 2010, 2139 patients received injections from the same physician with combinations of VYC‐20L (57.6% of patients; 2.4 syringes/patient), VYC‐17.5L (23.9%; 1.5), or VYC‐15L (18.5%; 1.5). Seven female patients (mean age, 62 years) developed delayed‐onset nodules for an overall incidence of 0.33%. A potential inflammatory trigger (reported by 6 patients) occurred 1–168 days prior to nodule development. Nodule biopsy in 1 patient confirmed a foreign‐body granuloma. The most effective treatment incorporated prednisone with or without hyaluronidase, and in 2 patients, nodules resolved spontaneously. The incidence of delayed‐onset nodules was not associated with injection technique or amount of product used. Conclusion: VYC‐associated incidence of delayed‐onset nodules (0.33%) was lower than earlier estimates from previous studies. In the current analysis, VYC‐15L had a rate of delayed reactions comparable with non‐VYC products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimally invasive treatments as soft tissue filler injections can enhance the appearance of the jawline. This prospective, single‐center study investigated aesthetic outcome, patient satisfaction, adverse events, and volume changes after jawline contouring using standardized reporting scales and objectifiable 3D surface analysis. Methods: A total of 30 patients (1 male and 29 females, mean age: 57.2 (±8.7) years) were investigated. Patients underwent jawline augmentation using a highly cross‐linked hyaluronic acid–based soft tissue filler. Three‐dimensional surface imaging was performed after 2 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Furthermore, the aesthetic results and the occurrence of complications were investigated after two weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results: The surface‐volume coefficient (SVC) had an average of 1.10 ± 0.2 after 14 days, 0.95 ± 0.1 after 3 months, 0.83 ± 0.1 after 6 months, 0.74 ± 0.1 after 9 months, and 0.63 ± 0.1 after 12 months. A significant correlation was revealed between time of measurement and measured SVC with rp = −0.761, p < 0.001. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference between the measured SVC and the different time points of measurement with p < 0.001. The data revealed strong aesthetic improvement with results most often reported as "very much improved" according to the 5‐point GAIS after 3, 6, and 9 months, both by the investigator and by the patients. A 12‐month follow‐up analysis showed "much improved" results in a majority of cases. Conclusion: The result of this investigation showed that jawline enhancement using minimally invasive soft tissue filler injections produces durable, safe results that are generally rated as very satisfying from a patient's and investigator's perspective over a time period of 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This ethnography explores the aesthetic dimension of religion and the sensational ways in which it contributes to shaping ordinary ethics on Long Street in Cape Town, South Africa. In the context of everyday social life on Long Street, homeless peoples' claim of an ethical character is denied recognition. Long Street is a public space of conviviality and differences, a hybrid social reality marked with growing urbanization, globalization, and neoliberalism, and overseen by a continuous presence of security units. It is a street saturated with ever‐increasing social problems resulting from a revival of class differences. Ordinary ethics on Long Street is complex, unpredictable, dynamic, and vulnerable, and stands the risk of potential breakdown. Against this backdrop, this ethnography recounts the ways in which aesthetic formations of religion stimulate technologies of imaginations that offer homeless people sensory experiences of refuge, recognition, being, and belonging amidst social exclusion and a harsh lived experience. Aesthetics of religion are ethics made visible in public life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since there is no universal standard of beauty, each aesthetic provider's definition may shape his/her practice of aesthetic procedures. Beauty and attractiveness are commonly defined by both mathematical and cultural influences and are shaped by our surroundings and what is most familiar to us. Therefore, we thoroughly explored the literature to better elucidate these variables and biases that affect the perception of beauty, in order to better provide appropriate and customized aesthetic procedures that preserve each individuals' own unique beauty. Understanding how each provider's own bias and aesthetic preferences differs from that of his/her patients may go a long way to improving communication in the consultation process and patient satisfaction with the outcomes achieved. We know that clinicians many times superimpose their biases onto their patients, so it is important that each practitioner accounts for bias in aesthetic medicine when consulting with patients and colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subdorsal Osteotomy and Complete Dorsal Preservation - A New Paradigm in Preservation Rhinoplasty? Keywords: Rhinoplasty; preservation rhinoplasty; osteotomy; ostectomy; aesthetic EN Rhinoplasty preservation rhinoplasty osteotomy ostectomy aesthetic 769 771 3 03/15/22 20220401 NES 220401 INTRODUCTION The concept of dorsal preservation rhinoplasty (DPR) has emerged as an evolving approach to primary rhinoplasty and, in the past decade, new concepts of nasal anatomy have emerged due to cadaver studies and, more recently, due to accurate radiological studies.1 These new findings/concepts have allowed surgeons to develop and apply a rational basis on many different variations in modern DPR. Rhinoplasty, preservation rhinoplasty, osteotomy, ostectomy, aesthetic. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; COVID‐19), which causes coronavirus disease 2019, is highly contagious and a particularly popular problem in all around the world and also in all departments of every hospital. Aims: Protecting the well‐being of the aesthetic dermatologists while providing a sufficient workforce is vital for pandemic planning. Results and Conclusions: In this article, we will discuss this problem from an aesthetic dermatology aspect and we will review whether these procedures are safe or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injectable fillers have become a vital part of cosmetology. A wide variety of injectable fillers are developed for either correction of facial wrinkles and folds or facial contouring. As the most popular filler products, polymeric injectable fillers represent a class of the most common implantable medical devices. This review is intended to not only present current filler products, but also share perspectives of future trends, development processes, and regulatory considerations for the next generation of fillers. First, currently approved polymeric injectable fillers are described in detail. Second, future trends of polymeric injectable fillers are discussed. Fillers based on the emerging technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with stimuli‐responsive or tunable properties, as well as device/drug combination products, are promising candidates. Third, fillers for cosmetology are different from traditionally recognized medical devices. As a result, the target population of such fillers is different from that of other implantable devices, leading to different user needs that impact their development processes. Last, product applications, regulatory requirements, device evaluation, characteristics, and difficulties for regulating filler products for minimally invasive cosmetology are reviewed. Both regulatory science and scientific supervision are needed for polymeric injectable fillers which are facing great opportunities as well as challenges. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48515. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Although alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures appear to limit bone resorption after dental extraction, long‐term outcomes remain limited. The objective of this prospective case series was to evaluate the long‐term hard and soft tissue changes after ARP procedure in the aesthetic area, using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and saddle connective tissue graft. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients were subjected to ARP and impressions and CT scans were taken at baseline and 3 months. After 5 to 7 years, a secondary long‐term clinical and radiological analysis was carried out. Horizontal alveolar bone changes, soft tissue profiles and implant outcomes were assessed. Results: Although a limited hard and soft tissue remodeling occurred during the first 3 months after ARP, from 3 months to the long‐term evaluation, the alveolar bone dimensions remained stable and the soft tissue profiles significantly increased, in the more cervical levels. The implant survival rate after 5 to 7 years yielded 100% and peri‐implant bone levels and soft tissue health were good. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, the present data confirms the long‐term effectiveness of ARP using DBBM and a saddle connective tissue graft offering stable hard and soft tissue conditions up to 5 to 7 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Management of facial skin cancer and its complications is important research topics needing continuous update to improve the outcome. Objective: The study is to share our findings with surgeons and healthcare providers. The authors provide their efforts by pooling data from multiple institutions; as reporting surgical outcomes is significantly lacking and much needed in the Middle East and North Africa region in order to meaningfully improve quality of care. This study proposes an algorithm for management that could aid a surgical decision‐making for reconstruction of defects after excision of facial skin cancer. Methods: Retrograde simple descriptive analysis study is conducted for multicenter data about management of facial skin cancer and its cosmetic outcome. The analysis involves 159 male patients and 95 females. Results: Nonmelanoma skin cancer was reported in 250 (98.4%) of 254 cases. Reconstructive procedures were complicated in 16 cases (~6.3% of the study). Skin cancer recurrence in head and neck has happened in five cases (~1.9% of the study). Flaps used survived without major complications; however, V‐Y advancement flaps showed the best aesthetic outcome. Conclusion: This study reports data in order to meaningfully improve the quality of care. Disease incidence, reconstructive complications, recurrences, and aesthetic outcome of facial skin cancer are included in the study. Based on the data pooling, the study proposes a simple treatment algorithm that could aid in surgical decision‐making. V‐Y advancement flaps showed the best aesthetic outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the biological and aesthetic outcome of connective tissue grafting around single‐tooth implant replacements in the anterior maxilla after five years. Materials and methods: Nineteen patients (mean age: 22) received 33 implants in combination with bone grafts. After healing, 10 implant sites received facial connective tissue grafts harvested from the palate (test group). The remaining 23 implant sites without soft tissue grafts were used as a control group. The biological outcomes included survival rate, complications, marginal bone level, keratinized mucosa height and soft tissue level. The aesthetic outcomes included soft tissue thickness, spectrophotometric colour of mucosa, 3D facial dimensional changes and professional reported aesthetic outcomes. All data were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively after six months and one, three and five years. Results: After five years, the survival and success rate of implants was 100% and 93.9% (one aesthetic and one biological complication). The soft tissue level changed significantly more towards the incisal direction in the test than in the control group from one to five years of observation (p =.024). The facial dimension increased significantly more in the test group than in the control group (3 mm marginally: p =.010). The subjective evaluation of mucosa colour was significantly better in the test versus control group (p =.035). Other biological and aesthetic parameters were not significantly different between the test and control group. Conclusion: Augmentation using a connective tissue graft may result in better mucosal colour match and more facial dimensional gain compared to implant sites without soft tissue grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Assess the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the first 100 patients who underwent reduction rhinoplasty with the spare roof technique (SRT).Methods: Prospective, interventional, and longitudinal study performed on consecutive patients undergoing primary rhinoplasty by SRT. All the surgical procedures were performed by the surgeon who first described this technique. The validated Portuguese version of the Utrecht Questionnaire for Outcome Assessment in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty was used. Patients completed the questionnaire presurgery and again 3 and 12 months postsurgery. In addition, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to score nasal patency for both sides.Results: The study population included 100 Caucasian Mediterranean patients (33 males; 67 females). Mean age at surgery was 32.8 years. Analysis of the preoperative and postoperative mean aesthetic VAS scores showed a significant improvement from 3.67 to 8.1 (P < 0.001) and 8.44 (P < 0.001), respectively, 3 and 12 months postsurgery. Analysis of the five aesthetic Likert scale questions all showed a highly significant improvement after rhinoplasty. The mean preoperative aesthetic sum score was 13.9, which improved to 8.26 and 7.08, respectively, 3 and 12 months postsurgery (P < 0.001), indicating a significant improvement of subjective body image in relation to nasal appearance. Analysis of the preoperative and postoperative mean functional VAS score showed a significant improvement on both sides.Conclusion: This prospective statistical study confirms that SRT significantly improved patient quality of life regarding nose function and appearance. It is a reliable technique that can help deliver consistently good results in reduction rhinoplasty in Caucasian patients with dorsal hump seeking rhinoplasty.Level Of Evidence: 2 Laryngoscope, 129:2702-2706, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology is a highly regarded medical journal that focuses on aesthetic and cosmetic medicine and surgery. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including review articles, cosmetic commentaries, injectables, energy-based devices, chemical peels, skincare, dermatologic surgery, basic science, and letters to the editor. The journal aims to provide valuable and up-to-date information to its readers and is committed to becoming a trusted resource in the field of cosmetic and aesthetic medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To describe the average values of the nasal anthropometric measurements of Caucasian Mediterranean patients seeking rhinoplasty and evaluate the major nasal deformities. Design: Prospective, observational and cross‐sectional study. Setting: Centro Hospitalar do Porto. Participants: A 100 Caucasian Mediterranean patients seeking rhinoplasty. Outcomes: Standardized photography was used to obtain nasal anthropometric measurements and to evaluate the major nasal defects. Data regarding age, gender, skin type and Fitzpatrick scale were also collected. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the means values of palpebral fissure, intercanthal width, upper lip height, nasal root width, morphological nose width, nose height, nasal tip projection and nasofrontal–hump and nasofrontal–supratip angles between females and males. The major nasal deformity was dorsal hump (78.0%), followed by rinomegalia (53.0%) and boxy bulbous tip (47.0%). Conclusion: The present study shows statistically significant gender differences between anthropometric nasal measurements and the mean values are greater than standard values obtained on general population. This might be one of the reasons why Caucasian Mediterranean patients seek aesthetical rhinoplasty. On both genders, dorsal hump, rinomegalia and boxy bulbous tip were the major nasal defects. This emphasize the importance of rhinoplasty techniques designed to reconstruct nasal dorsum and nasal tip on Caucasian Mediterranean patients. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first study of digital anthropometric nasal analysis and evaluation of major nasal defects specifically in Caucasian Mediterranean patients who applied for rhinoplasty. With this results, we provide a reference material for the evaluation of the Caucasian and Mediterranean patient when planning a cosmetic nasal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of permanent tooth replacement goes back to the year 2000 BC at least, when carved bamboo pegs were used to replace missing teeth in ancient China. The phenomenon of osseointegration, however, was not verified until the mid‐1960s, when Branemark discovered that titanium could integrate to bone. Since then, the osseointegration capacity of implants has been profoundly investigated and implants as such have evolved enormously in all possible aspects, from material selection and processing to specific surface engineering, among many others. This review article, in particular, focuses on dental implants and aims to introduce the main concerns involved in modern dentistry, concentrating especially on the importance of finding an effective way to prevent peri‐implantitis. In this sense, strategies such as shifting from metal to ceramic implant components and applying novel antimicrobial antibiotic‐free coatings seem to be taking the lead. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Introduction: Periorbital hyperchromia (POH) is a multifactorial condition, precipitated or aggravated by sleep disorders, which negatively affects quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of POH on QoL, sleep quality, and dissatisfaction of affected patients. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study of male and female patients over 18 years, participants were examined, their demographic data were registered, and Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI‐BR), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess dissatisfaction. Results: Patients (n = 100) were mostly women (91%) with a mean age of 36.9 years and POH duration of 18.32 years. Phototypes II (24%) and III (60%) were predominant. A total of 33% reported 4‐6 hours and 66% reported over 6 hours of sleep per night. POH was classified as mild (59%), moderate (37%), or severe (4%). Mean dissatisfaction with POH was 6.9, PSQI was 6.04, and DLQI was 4.92. There was a significant difference in the dissatisfaction scale (P < .005) between men and women. Women reported worse QoL (P < .001) and higher dissatisfaction (P < .0001). A correlation between DLQI and disease duration was found. Conclusion: Periorbital hyperchromia negatively impacts patients' QoL. Dissatisfaction is directly related to disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of tattoos in the today's society brings with it a significant increase of the incidence of associated cutaneous reactions. Among the several complications that may occur after a tattooing procedure, allergic and photo‐allergic reactions, infections, and Koebner phenomenon are the most common ones observed. Most of these complications may be avoided by identifying, before tattooing, the presence of risk factors or comorbidities that may increase the risk of their onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desire for a more youthful appearance is that for which men and women often present for consideration of aesthetic interventions. For the female patient who is contemplating facial cosmetic enhancement, a true myriad of possible treatments exist. These options include neuromodulators, light‐based therapies, and soft tissue fillers, and are often touted as restoring a more "youthful" appearance to an otherwise aged‐appearing face. Perhaps it is not only youth that is being restored, but femininity, which in turn is appraised as being more beautiful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a tendency in contemporary (analytic) aesthetics to considerably restrict the scope of things that can be beautiful or ugly. This peculiarly modern tendency is holding back progress in aesthetics and robbing it of its potential contribution to other domains of inquiry. One view that has suffered neglect as a result of this tendency is the moral beauty view, whereby the moral virtues are beautiful and the moral vices are ugly. This neglect stems from an assumption to the effect that virtues and vices simply cannot be beautiful or ugly. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it develops an account of form, under which, it argues, possession of form suffices for an object's candidature for beauty and ugliness. Second, it argues that, under the foregoing proposal, the moral beauty view turns out to be a coherent position, and so should be taken seriously in both aesthetics and ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetic appraisal is rarely included in the objective assessment of outcome studies of impacted maxillary canines treatment. The present study aimed to validate a new index for assessing the aesthetic appearance of maxillary canines and adjacent soft tissues. The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at University Hospitals Leuven. Four oral‐maxillofacial surgeons, two orthodontists, two prosthodontists, and two lay persons rated 11 maxillary canines and adjacent soft tissues according to the new index. Each of the examiners repeated the examination three times with a 2‐week interval. Twelve relevant aesthetic variables were selected on the basis of the anatomic form, color, and surface characteristics of the canine crown and on the basis of the anatomic form, color, and surface characteristics of the adjacent soft tissues. Intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient and Fleiss' kappa statistics were performed to analyze the intrarater and interrater agreement. The index proofed to be a reliable assessment tool. Considering the cumulative assessment of the Maxillary Canine Aesthetic Index (MCAI), the mean ICC value for the interrater agreement of the 10 examiners was 0.71, representing a good agreement. Intrarater agreement ranged from 0.10 to 0.91. Interrater agreement (Fleiss' kappa statistics) calculated for each variable ranged from 0.08 to 0.98. The MCAI is a tool in rating aesthetic outcome of impacted canine treatment and adjacent soft tissues. The MCAI can be used to evaluate the aesthetic outcome after surgical exposure or transalveolar transplantation of maxillary canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Optimal use of hollow sections in bridge construction. Structural steel hollow sections can be used to design aesthetic, efficient and elegant bridges as truss structures. Their excellent load‐bearing capacity with low risk of buckling and high torsional resistance makes hollow sections the perfect choice for compression members and in truss constructions. Bridges using hollow sections have a better load‐to‐weight ratio compared to other forms of designs, reducing material consumption. Large spans are no problem with hollow sections. Ultimately this allows for light, airy structures that blend aesthetically into our environment. The surface, and thus the coating area, is comparatively small and there are no sharp edges that can cause problems with corrosion or dirt can deposit. According to ZTV‐ING [14], only hot finished hollow sections in accordance with EN 10210 [5] may be used as materials for structural components. In order to maintain a technically safe, economical and architecturally attractive structure, the planner should think about the connections as well as the construction and erection at an early stage of design. The high degree of prefabrication in steel construction should be used where possible to shorten the construction time and minimize the disruption of traffic. Maintenance and durability should also be considered with regard to the accessibility of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article examines data gathered in a broader study of a school‐based reading challenge to children aged from 8 to 14 to read science information books, centred in their school or class library. A survey was conducted before they embarked on the reading challenge to establish the children's reading habits. After the period of time allotted to the challenge had ended, participating teachers and children completed questionnaires and a sample from each were interviewed. Evidence relating to reading non‐fiction for pleasure was identified and extracted from the dataset and analysed. Prior to the challenge, most children's attitude to science books was that they would be boring, difficult or at variance with what they perceived as their reader identity. More positive attitudes resulted from taking part in the challenge. Contemporary science information books were found to be in themselves a source of pleasure. It is concluded that it is possible to differentiate between the pleasures of fiction and non‐fiction and that different types of pleasure which are derived from reading science non‐fiction can also be differentiated, ranging from extrinsic to intrinsic and including efferent and aesthetic. A tentative typology of intrinsic pleasures is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Many submandibular gland diseases are treated by surgical intervention. Transcervical surgery results in an obvious cervical scar, whereas the retroauricular approach leaves a scar in the postauricular area. Therefore, robotic submandibular gland resection through a trans‐hairline approach is developed to improve postoperative aesthetic outcomes. Methods: From 2012 to 2017, 24 consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria and had received submandibular gland resection through the trans‐hairline robotic surgery were analyzed. Results: All surgical procedures were successfully performed without conversion and appreciable complications. The incision was completely concealed within the hairs. Treatments of submandibular gland benign or malignant tumors were completed without any positive margins or disease recurrence. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the trans‐hairline approach for robotic submandibular gland resection in the first human series. The procedure is applicable to many submandibular gland diseases with complete disease control, and has aesthetic advantages over other robotic surgical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Acheulean handaxe is one of the longest‐known and longest‐surviving artifacts of the Palaeolithic and, despite its experimentally tested functionality, is often regarded as puzzling. It is unnecessary to invoke a unique‐for‐mammals genetic mechanism to explain the handaxe phenomenon. Instead, we propose that two nongenetic processes are sufficient. The first is a set of ergonomic design principles linked to the production of sturdy, hand‐held cutting tools in the context of a knapped‐stone technology that lacked hafting. The second is an esthetic preference for regular forms with gradual curves and pleasing proportions. Neither process is a cultural meme but, operating together in a cultural context, they can account for all of the supposedly puzzling time‐space patterns presented by handaxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rivers, streams, and canals support a variety of critical agricultural, industrial, transportation, ecological, and household uses. They also provide important aesthetic, recreational, and sociocultural benefits. This review paper synthesizes the evidence to date regarding the value of these linear water features as aesthetic and recreational resources to adjacent and nearby residents. Specifically, it summarizes 25 studies that have used the hedonic pricing method to calculate the effects of views of and proximity to rivers, streams, and canals on surrounding residential property values. The majority of studies indicated that significant positive property price effects are associated with river, stream, and canal view and proximity, though these effects appear less definitive in rural than urban settings. Implications of the body of evidence for planning, management, and development are discussed, and potential effects of climate change and diversion policies are highlighted. Improvements in measurement facilitated by advanced geographic information systems and rigorous spatially explicit regression techniques are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The objective of this study was to assess prospectively the outcomes of extra-narrow diameter implants ( XNDI) placed in teenage patients as a temporary restorative option. Material and Methods Twenty consecutive young patients presenting one or several missing teeth received XNDI that were immediately restored with composite, Polymethylmethacrylate (Acrylic) or ceramic crown. Clinical and radiographical outcomes were assessed for a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. Additionally, each patient completed retrospectively a satisfaction questionnaire using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results A total of 30 implants were placed and followed for a period of 1-7.4 years (mean: 3.59 years). One implant failed after 3 weeks and was replaced successfully. No further biological complications occurred during the follow-up period, leading to an implant survival rate of 96.6%. The patient satisfaction evaluations displayed high levels of comfort and function. Conclusion Immediately restored XNDI to replace missing teeth on teenager patients seems to be an effective temporary restorative option to replace missing teeth in young patients. Composite or ceramic crowns should be preferred. Clinical trials with long-term follow-ups and the assessment of passive egression are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of the present study is to assess the long-term effect of classic rhinoplasty on patients' quality of life.Study Design: Outcomes research.Methods: The study included 100 operated patients; there were 34 males and 66 females. The ages ranged between 23 and 57 years old, with a mean of 36.4 years. A minimum of 3 years between the operation and the study was selected to assess the long-term effect of the operation on the patients' quality of life and exclude any short-term impressions. The time elapsed between surgery and the time of the study ranged from 3 to 13 years, with a mean of 6.8 years. Patients were assessed using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory, which has been proven valid and reliable in ear, nose, and throat interventions.Results: From the 100 patients included in the study, 92 reported improvement in their quality of life due to the operation and only eight worsening. In the social support subscale, 97 patients reported better quality of life, and only three patients reported worse quality of life. The patients' overall life markedly improved, reaching a mean of 80% in the Glasgow Benefit Inventory.Conclusions: The present long-term study using a validated and reliable instrument concludes that rhinoplasty improves the quality of life of patients in all sectors.Level Of Evidence: 2c Laryngoscope, 127:2017-2025, 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mannitol has both hydrating and antioxidant properties that make it an ideal excipient for use with hyaluronic acid ( HA) fillers. This review examines the role of reactive oxygen species in the ageing process and their effects on both endogenous HA and HA products developed for aesthetic use. Evidence is presented to show that the free radical scavenging properties of mannitol provide it with a two-fold mechanism of action when combined with HA fillers: reducing the inflammation and swelling associated with the injection procedure itself, and preventing the degradation of the injected HA by free radicals. Mannitol also has a long- and well-established safety profile in both the food and pharmaceutical industry. Having established the rationale for using mannitol in combination with an HA filler, the products using this strategy are then reviewed. The addition of mannitol to HA fillers is a viable and safe option for improving both short- and long-term HA aesthetic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, steel-glass designs usually prevail in modern architecture [1]. Glass has evolved from the material used mainly for windows into a material that is often combined with steel and used for curtain walls and various structural members in many types of structure, such as buildings, railway stations, airport terminals and passenger service centres on expressways ([2], [3], [4], [5]). Structural aesthetics, reflected in the beauty of objects of refined taste, is a major concern in both architectural and engineering forms [6]. Japanese aesthetics, based on tradition, has been widely shown in architecture itself as well as in the world of engineering structures [7]. This contribution discusses the perception of the aesthetic qualities of steel-glass elements in buildings - considering their dimensions, visual lightness, texture, reflection, transparency, colour, light, translucence and design context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a computational model that simulates the mental function of multicolor aesthetic evaluation through backpropagation neural networks was constructed. Helmut Leder's psychological model served as the theoretical framework. We determined the macro-architecture of the computational model through two psychological experiments using the semantic differential (SD) method. The aesthetic score of a multicolor stimulus is defined as the inverse of its factor score on the factor 'Pleasure' extracted in the first experiment, and each of the three factors extracted in the second experiment-i.e., 'Stability,' 'Heaviness,' and 'Presence'-is regarded as a simple perceptual feature. The genetic algorithm was then employed to optimize the hidden layer node number, the learning rate, and the momentum constant of each neural network. In two simulation tests, this computational model exhibited some predictive power, implying that the model can be regarded as a relatively successful approximation of the psychological mechanism of multicolor aesthetic evaluation. In addition, the results of the second simulation also show that the perceptual feature 'Heaviness' possesses the principal impact on the aesthetic evaluation of multicolor objects, whereas the other two perceptual features 'Stability' and 'Presence' have a minor influence. The heavier and/or more stable a multicolor object is perceived to be, the less aesthetically pleasing it is. Conversely, the stronger the sense of matter presence a multicolor object elicits, the more aesthetically appealing it is. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 216-235, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/hypothesis: To validate a new screening tool for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty.Study Design: We performed a prospective instrument validation study in an academic rhinology clinic.Methods: The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire-Aesthetic Surgery (BDDQ-AS) is a seven-item short questionnaire validated in 116 patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty. Screening was positive if the patient acknowledged on the BDDQ-AS that he/she was concerned about their appearance (question 1 = yes) AND preoccupied with these concerns (question 2 = yes) AND that these concerns caused at least moderate distress or impairment in different domains of daily life (question 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 ≥ 3 or question 7 = yes). Construct validity was assessed by comparing the BDDQ-AS to the Sheehan Disability Scale and the Derriford Appearance Scale-59. To determine concurrent validity, the BDDQ-AS was compared to the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD. Finally, the predictive value of the BDDQ-AS on satisfaction 12 months after rhinoplasty was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation.Results: Reliability of the BDDQ-AS was adequate, with Cronbach alpha = .83 for rhinoplasty patients and .84 for controls. Sensitivity was 89.6% and specificity 81.4%. BDDQ-AS-positive patients (n = 55) were more impaired in daily life and experienced more appearance-related distress and dysfunction compared to BDDQ-AS-negative patients. Moreover, they had more severe BDD symptoms. Finally, BDDQ-AS-positive patients were less satisfied after surgery compared to BDDQ-AS-negative patients.Conclusions: We hereby validated a new screening tool for BDD in an aesthetic rhinoplasty population.Level Of Evidence: 3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1739-1745, 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A successful implant reconstruction with optimal esthetics consists of a visually pleasing prosthesis and complete and healthy surrounding soft tissue. In the current literature, numerous indices used to qualitatively assess esthetics have been described. However, studies comparing the indices and their reproducibility are scarce. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare three different esthetic indices for the evaluation of single implant-supported crowns. Materials and Methods A total of 10 prosthodontists ( P), 10 orthodontists ( O), 10 general dentists ( G), and 10 lay people ( L) independently performed the same assessment using 30 photographs and corresponding casts with three different esthetic indices ( Peri-Implant and Crown Index [ PICI], Implant Crown Aesthetic Index [ ICAI], 'Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score [ PES/WES]) and repeated the evaluations 4 weeks later. Results The PES/WES and the PICI showed significantly higher esthetic scores (pink, white, total) and clinical acceptance compared with the ICAI in all four groups and in both assessments. The highest intraobserver agreement was achieved using the PES/WES and the least with the ICAI. The mean Kappa per group ranged from 0.18 (group L with ICAI) to 0.63 (group G with PICI). Conclusion In comparison with the ICAI, the PES/WES and PICI were more reproducible. Therefore, PES/WES and PICI seem to be more suitable as esthetic indices for single implant crowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a highly concentrated autologous solution of plasma prepared from a patient's own blood. PRP contains platelets that are purported to release numerous growth factors that may be valuable in numerous dermatologic applications. Here, we review systematically the clinical cosmetic applications of PRP including: androgenetic alopecia, scar revision, acne scars, skin rejuvenation, dermal augmentation, and striae distensae to understand the potential and best practices for PRP use. A systematic search was conducted on three databases: Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Publications were included if they were in English, investigated the clinical applications of PRP in aesthetic dermatology and reported clinical results either as case reports or clinical studies. There were a total of 22 manuscripts that fulfilled these criteria. Four evaluated hair-related applications, eight evaluated the treatment of scars and postprocedure recovery, eight evaluated skin rejuvenation and dermal augmentation, and two evaluated treatment of striae distensae. PRP is a relatively new treatment modality with studies suggesting its utility in aesthetic dermatology. The combination of PRP with other therapies is particularly interesting. Future studies should include controls, including incorporation of split-face comparisons, to reduce intersubject variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Farbe bestimmt die Wahrnehmung des Charakters des Tragwerks, insbesondere bei Metalltragwerken. Eine wenige Mikrometer feine Farbschicht trägt die Verantwortung für die optische Identität des Tragwerks. Auf der Grundlage der Farbenlehre und unter Bezugnahme auf repräsentative Bauwerke wird hier ein Ausflug in die Psychologie und die Bedeutung der wichtigsten Farben angeboten. Es werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Form und Farbe sowie zwischen Farbe und Tragwerk analysiert. Die Farbe sollte als ästhetisches Instrument für Tragwerkplaner verstanden werden, mit deren Hilfe sie ihre Sensibilität ausbilden und ihre Kreativität anregen können. Colour of steel structures. Colour is decisive in the perception and character of structural engineering works, especially with steel structures. A micrometric coat of paint is responsible for the visual identity of the structure. Based on colour theory and relevant examples of structural engineering works, we propose a look at the psychology and meanings of the main colours. The analysis examines the relationships between shape and colour and between colour and structure. Colour should be an aesthetic instrument used by structural engineer's to educate sensitivity and stimulate creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To evaluate the treatment of gingival recession with a connective tissue graft ( CTG) alone or in combination with low-level laser therapy ( CTG + L). Methods Forty patients presenting 40 Miller Class I and II gingival recessions were included. The defects were randomly assigned to receive either CTG ( n = 20) or CTG + L ( n = 20). A diode laser (660 nm) was applied to the test sites immediately after surgery and every other day for 7 days (eight applications). Results The mean percentage of root coverage was 91.9% for the test group and 89.48% for the control group after 6 months ( p > 0.05). The test group presented more complete root coverage ( n = 13, 65%) than the control group ( n = 7, 35%) ( p = 0.04). Dentine sensitivity decreased significantly after 6 months in both groups ( p < 0.001). The two groups showed improvement in aesthetics at the end of treatment. Conclusions Low-level laser therapy may increase the percentage of complete root coverage when associated with CTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Published literature reports significant improvements in pathological conditions, such as pain, blood dyscrasias, and cellulite, after using topical occlusive accessories containing particulate ceramic materials. Recent work reported a reduction in body measurements after 30 days of daily use of high-waist undershorts made of synthetic fabrics with embedded ceramic particles. Objectives In this study, we investigated whether the use of a garment made with synthetic fibers embedded with powdered ceramic could lead to reductions in body measurements at a longer time span (120 day). Methods Thirty-two female volunteers wore clothing containing ceramic powder for at least 8 h a day for 120 days. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated through anthropometric measurements taken before treatment and after 30, 60, and 120 days of treatment. Results The experimental data showed a more pronounced reduction in body measurements at the beginning of treatment with a trend of stabilization in measured body circumferences during the final 60 days of the experimental period. Conclusions The experimental data showed that the occlusive treatment with a garment composed of ceramic particles promoted reductions in body measurements during a 120-day experimental period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine - on the basis of the most recent yearly listings - whether there were any common measurable variables associated with the smiles of the world's most influential people. A total of 168 subjects were selected from the lists of Time magazine's 100 most influential people during the period 2006-2010. Smiling frontal view photographs were obtained. Thirty-six variables for each subject were traced and measured using photogrammetric analysis to obtain qualitative and quantitative proportions and measurements. Differences with respect to gender, occupation and year of listing were tested to 95% significance, using the Student's t-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The chi-squared test was used for qualitative variables. Irrespective of gender or occupation, the similar quantifiable characteristics of the smiles of the most influential subjects were the following: vertical upper lip proportion, smile width, incisor exposure, buccal corridor ratio, smile symmetry index and intra-dental proportions ( P > 0·05). Other qualitative standards were as follows: smile symmetry, the buccal corridors and smile arc, direction of occlusal cant and the degree of deviation between maxillary and facial midlines. Differences were found for gingival display and smile height parameters ( P = 0·001). The smiles of the world's most influential people revealed common standards, regardless of occupation or gender, which may play a decisive role in the expressions of influential faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To characterize anatomical features of altered passive eruption ( APE)-affected teeth using cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT) and to present a novel combined surgical approach to its correction. Clinical Innovation Report Eighty-four teeth from 14 subjects affected by APE were subjected to CBCT. Periodontal variables were recorded before surgery, and anatomical variables were measured on CBCTs. Clinical crown length was measured on study casts. Surgical treatment was carried out based on the lengths of the anatomical crowns transferred to a surgical guide that served as a reference for the incisions. The mean distance between the CEJ and the bone crest was on average <1 mm, facial bone thickness was ≥1 mm and soft tissue thickness was >1 mm for every tooth analysed; no association between the soft and the hard tissue thicknesses was observed. Conclusion The CBCT can be used in the diagnosis and treatment planning of APE cases. Anatomically, the APE cases described often presented a thick facial bone plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate the clinical and aesthetic outcome of regenerative periodontal therapy ( RPT) using minimally invasive surgery and a collagen-enriched bovine-derived xenograft (1); to identify risk factors for failure (clinical attachment level ( CAL) gain ≤1 mm) and advanced gingival recession ( REC) increase (>1 mm) (2). Material and methods Ninety-five non-smoking patients, with ≤25% full-mouth plaque and bleeding presenting ≥6 months after initial periodontal therapy with ≥1 isolated inter-dental infrabony defect were recruited. Patients were consecutively treated by the same clinician using minimally invasive surgery and a collagen-enriched bovine-derived xenograft. Clinical, radiographic and aesthetic data were collected before surgery and up to 1 year. Multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for failure and advanced REC increase. Results Eighty-four patients (39 men, 45 women; mean age 53) complied and demonstrated mean probing depth ( PD) of 7.8 mm, CAL of 10.0 mm and defect depth of 5.2 mm before surgery. At 1 year, postsurgery mean PD reduction was 3.5 mm (range 0.0-8.0), CAL gain was 3.1 mm (range 0.0-7.0) and radiographic defect fill was 53% (range 0-100). Forty-nine percentage showed ≥4 mm CAL gain, whereas 15% were considered failures. Mean inter-dental and midfacial REC increase was 0.3 mm (range−2.0-2.0) and 0.5 mm (range−1.5-2.0) respectively. Midfacial REC increase and contour deterioration contributed most to a small, yet significant reduction in the Pink Esthetic Score from 10.06 to 9.42 ( p = 0.002). Risk factors for failure included defects with a non-supportive anatomy ( OR: ≥10.4), plaque ( OR: 14.7) and complication(s) ( OR: 12.0). Risk factors for advanced midfacial REC increase included defects with a non-supportive anatomy ( OR: 58.8) and a thin-scalloped gingival biotype ( OR: 76.9). Conclusions RPT using minimally invasive surgery and a collagen-enriched bovine-derived xenograft demonstrated favourable clinical outcome after 1 year, even though soft tissue aesthetics could not be fully preserved. Defects with a non-supporting anatomy may be at risk for failure and advanced midfacial recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00612.x Rehabilitation with ear prosthesis linked to osseointegrated implants Background: The absence of an ear, which can be the result of a congenital malformation, surgical tumour resection or traumatic injury, is a significant aesthetic problem. Attachment of ear prostheses with adhesives can cause local irritation for the wearer and affect the colour of the prostheses. Use of implants in craniofacial reconstruction can improve the retention and stability of prostheses giving to patient greater comfort and security relative to adhesive attachment. Objective: The aim of this report was to present a clinical case of a mutilated patient who was rehabilitated by means of installing an ear prosthesis fixed through osseointegrated implants. Materials and methods: The patient had two implants installed in the mastoid region that were linked by a bar, and a clip-type system was used. The ear prosthesis was constructed from medical-use silicone, pigmented to match the patient's skin colour and linked to the retention system. Conclusion: The patient's rehabilitation was satisfactory from both a functional and an aesthetic point of view, making it possible for the patient to return to a normal social life and regain lost self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]