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Chiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs) with inherent chirality, dimensional tunability, and excellent semiconducting features are proved to be an ideal platform to study spin and helicity‐related physical phenomenon. However, due to their intrinsic thermodynamic unfavorability, there are many CHPs with exotic structures, such as superlattice‐type 2D heterostructures, which are covered by their transient lifespan caused by phase instability during the crystallization process. This limitation hinders the attempt to further explore and understand the chiral structure‐function relationship. Here, CHPs (R/SCPEA)2PbI4·(R/SCPEA)2FAPb2I7 (R/S1‐2, R/S‐CPEA = (R/S)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ethylammonium FA = formidinum) is obtained with asymmetric multiple‐quantum‐well architectures through kinetically‐controlled self‐assembly. Structural analysis identified the unique natural monolayer‐bilayer recurring heterostructures of 1–2 with sub‐nanometer accuracy and potentially non‐degenerate chiral environment. Such novel structures in 1–2 provide them fascinating multiple absorption‐emission features. Meanwhile, the chirality of 1–2 is confirmed by vibrational circular dichroism and angle‐dependent photocurrent measurement, provoking its potential in chiral optoelectronic devices. The work extends the understanding of CHP growth and will stimulate further exploration and synthesis of extraordinary chiral heterostructures, which may pave the way for the development of chiral optoelectronics and spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Piroplasmosis is a common and prevalent tick‐borne disease that affects equids. Objectives: To determine the infection and molecular characteristics of the piroplasms in donkeys from Xinjiang, northwestern China, we undertook a cross sectional study by collecting representative samples across several counties within the region. Methods: A total of 344 blood samples were collected from adult domestic donkeys from 13 counties in Xinjiang. PCR was conducted to test for T. equi and B. caballi in the blood samples based on the equine merozoite antigen‐1 (Ema‐1) gene and the 48 kDa rhoptry protein (BC48) gene, respectively. Results: Sixteen blood samples tested positive for piroplasms and the overall infection rate was 4.7% (16/344). Seven of the 13 counties were positive for piroplasms. Among the 16 piroplasm‐positive samples, 15 were singly infected with T. equi with an infection rate of 4.4% (15/344), and coinfection with T. equi and B. caballi was detected in one sample (0.3%, 1/344) from Wushi. Four T. equi sequence genotypes were identified and grouped into different branches of the evolutionary trees. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the infection rate of piroplasms is low in domestic donkeys in southern Xinjiang and that T. equi genotypes have a regional distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many consumers use cosmetic eye products to counteract age‐related changes in appearance. Measurements of eyelid shape in Asian women have been reported in the frontal view or 45‐degree profile only. The aim of this study was to describe morphological characteristics of the upper eyelid in Japanese and Chinese females from the frontal and profile aspects and examine morphological changes with age. Materials and methods: Standardized digital photographs of 772 Japanese and 346 Chinese women (15‐79 years of age) were acquired in frontal and 90‐degree profile aspects. Eleven upper eyelid parameters (e.g., width, length, depth, aperture, and curvature) were measured using image analysis to determine age‐related changes and compare by ethnicity. Results: Eyelid width, area between eyebrow and eyelid, and eyelid curvature were comparable for both ethnicities under age 40, but the aging effect was more pronounced in Chinese subjects. Eyelid height, depth, and upper eyelid aperture angle were also comparable for both ethnicities under age 40, but the aging effect was more evident in Japanese subjects. Upper eyelid incline angle, eye orientation, and upper eyelid protrusion angle changed comparably with age for both ethnicities. No prominent age‐related changes were evident for eyelid length or area between eyebrow and eye with the eye closed. Conclusion: Upper eyelid morphology changes with age in Japanese and Chinese females, starting around 40 years of age. Ethnic differences are limited in younger age groups but become more prominent with age. The findings suggest that aging affects some upper eyelid features earlier than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis (AD) have long been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Indeed, numerous studies show an increased risk of diabetes mellitus in individuals with AD although lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus is also observed in few studies. Though the underlying mechanisms accounting for the reciprocal influence between these two conditions are still unclear, the complex interplay between diabetes mellitus and AD is attributable, in part, to genetic and environmental factors, cytokines, epidermal dysfunction, as well as drugs used for the treatment of AD. Proper management of one condition can mitigate the other condition. In this review, we summarize the evidence of the interaction between diabetes mellitus and AD, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms by which these two conditions influence each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study examined the effects of different degree of esterification (DE) on the stability of high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) fabricated using pectin‐whey protein isolate complexes. The modified pectin with different DE was prepared using the alkali de‐esterification method with high methoxyl pectin (HMP). The impact of DE on the conformational changes of pectin and whey protein isolate (WPI) during the complexes formation was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Citrus pectin (CP)–WPI complexes and camellia oil were used to create an emulsion with a self‐supporting structure of 75% internal phase volume. The thermal, centrifugal, storage and freeze–thaw stabilities of CP–WPI stabilised HIPPEs with different DE were evaluated and the results revealed that the low methoxyl pectin (LMP) produced via alkali de‐esterification altered the charge density of pectin. Compared with the untreated pectin, the electrostatic interaction between CP–WPI complexes was enhanced and the stability of CP–WPI stabilised HIPPEs was improved. The study will help to better understand the interaction between CP and WPI, enhance the efficiency of the pectin–protein delivery system and improve the utilisation rate of citrus pectin, which has important guiding significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anomalous photovoltaic (APV) effect in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) has attracted massive interest for developing high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, exploring the ionizing radiation responsive APV effect remains blank, let alone its potential applications. Herein, the unprecedented APV behavior in a 1D lead‐free OIHP, (4‐AMP)BiI5 (ABI, 4‐AMP = 4‐(aminomethyl)pyridine) under X‐ray irradiation is reported, exhibiting a large above‐bandgap bulk photovoltage of ≈10 V. Such a strong APV effect is closely related to the intrinsic electric polarization in polar ABI, which acts as the driving force for X‐ray‐generated carriers' separation and transport, thus allowing it to be self‐powered. As a result, sensitive self‐powered X‐ray detectors based on high‐quality ABI single crystals are successfully fabricated, possessing a high sensitivity of 66.84 µC Gy−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 482 nGy s−1, and superior operational stability. This work first demonstrates the ionizing radiation‐responsive APV effect in OIHPs, which further enables passive radiation detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularly polarized light (CPL) detection has wide applications in many fields, where the anisotropy factor (gIph) is an important indicator to characterize the CPL detection performance. So far, many materials with high gIph have been reported, however, the exploration of the regulation of gIph is still in its infancy. Herein, two novel alternating chiral‐achiral cations intercalation‐type chiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs), named (R/S‐1‐phenylpropylamine)(propylamine)PbBr4 (1‐R/S), exhibit above room‐temperature (RT) polar‐phase transition, which greatly regulates the gIph value. The gIph of 1‐R is 0.04 in high‐temperature phase chiral non‐polar (P212121) by applying 5 V bias, interestingly, with the temperature decrease, the gIph value in low‐temperature phase chiral polar (P21) gradually increases (0.22@360K, 0.40@340K, 0.47@320K), and finally reaches a maximum of 0.5 at RT. Such value is not only the highest among 2D CHPs to date, but presents a 12.5‐fold amplification compared with 0.04. Further, this rare phenomenon should be attributed to the built‐in electric field induced by the polar photovoltaic effect, which sheds light on further obtaining CHPs with large gIph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Hypocotyl elongation is controlled by several signals and is a major characteristic of plants growing in darkness or under warm temperature. While already several molecular mechanisms associated with this process are known, protein degradation and associated E3 ligases have hardly been studied in the context of warm temperature.In a time‐course phosphoproteome analysis on Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to control or warm ambient temperature, we observed reduced levels of diverse proteins over time, which could be due to transcription, translation, and/or degradation. In addition, we observed differential phosphorylation of the LRR F‐box protein SLOMO MOTION (SLOMO) at two serine residues.We demonstrate that SLOMO is a negative regulator of hypocotyl growth, also under warm temperature conditions, and protein–protein interaction studies revealed possible interactors of SLOMO, such as MKK5, DWF1, and NCED4. We identified DWF1 as a likely SLOMO substrate and a regulator of warm temperature‐mediated hypocotyl growth.We propose that warm temperature‐mediated regulation of SLOMO activity controls the abundance of hypocotyl growth regulators, such as DWF1, through ubiquitin‐mediated degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The induction of cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation is a promising approach for cardiac regeneration following myocardial injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate CM proliferation. In particular, miR‐431 expression decreases during cardiac development, according to Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray data. However, whether miR‐431 regulates CM proliferation has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: We used integrated bioinformatics analysis of GEO datasets to identify the most significantly differentially expressed miRNAs. Real‐time quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to determine the miRNA expression patterns in hearts. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays were conducted to detect the role of miRNA in CM proliferation. Additionally, we detected whether miR‐431 affected CM proliferation in a myocardial infarction model. The TargetScan, miRDB and miRWalk online databases were used to predict the potential target genes of miRNAs. Luciferase reporter assays were used to study miRNA interactions with the targeting mRNA. Results: First, we found a significant reduction in miR‐431 levels during cardiac development. Then, by overexpression and inhibition of miR‐431, we demonstrated that miR‐431 promotes CM proliferation in vitro and in vivo, as determined by immunofluorescence assays of 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU), pH3, Aurora B and CM count, whereas miR‐431 inhibition suppresses CM proliferation. Then, we found that miR‐431 improved cardiac function post‐myocardial infarction. In addition, we identified FBXO32 as a direct target gene of miR‐431, with FBXO32 mRNA and protein expression being suppressed by miR‐431. FBXO32 inhibited CM proliferation. Overexpression of FBXO32 blocks the enhanced effect of miR‐431 on CM proliferation, suggesting that FBXO32 is a functional target of miR‐431 during CM proliferation. Conclusion: In summary, miR‐431 promotes CM proliferation by targeting FBXO32, providing a potential molecular target for preventing myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of machine learning methods to predict intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. IVH is a common complication of preterm birth and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study used electronic medical records and antenatal data to develop a predictive model for IVH. The model achieved good accuracy and stability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88. The study identified several important risk factors for IVH, including gestational age, birth weight, hepatitis B and C infection, and red cell distribution width. However, the study has limitations, including being a single-center study and potential selection bias. Further research is needed to validate and improve the predictive model. [Extracted from the article]

Smart window is promising to save building energy and reduce carbon emissions. The fast development leads to a high demand for multifunctionality not limited to energy saving, while the material design and fabrication are challenging. Herein, a scalable method is developed for tri‐mode light regulations: thermo‐, mechano‐, and hydro‐/solvato‐chromisms. The film is constructed of a bio‐inspired hierarchical‐structured surface and a functional elastomer base. Through combined experiments and simulations, the triple‐stimuli‐chromic mechanisms of strain‐induced surface structure deformations, wettability‐controlled reflective index matches, and thermal‐responsive nanostructural resonances, respectively are revealed. Besides a good energy‐saving performance, the robust method shows several advantages: 1) independent energy‐saving and privacy functionalities, 2) an additional hydro‐/solvato‐chromic mode to control privacy in extreme circumstances, and 3) designable patterns and colors to meet high aesthetic demand. The work may inspire the future development of multifunctional smart windows and spatio‐temporal light control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulk photovoltaic effect, a promising optoelectronic phenomenon for generating polarized dependent steady‐state photocurrent, has been widely applied in various photodetectors. However, incorporating stereochemically active lone pair to construct bulk photovoltage in organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) is still elusive and challenging. Herein, bulk photovoltage (1.2 V) has been successfully achieved by introducing the stereo‐chemically active lone pair perovskitizer to construct a polar tri‐layered hybrid perovskite, namely, (IBA)2MHy2Pb3Br10 (1, IBA=iso‐butylamine, MHy=methylhydrazine). Strikingly, owning to the promising bulk photovoltage, 1‐based detectors exhibit an ultra‐highly sensitive polarized photodetection (polarization ratio of up to 24.6) under self‐powered mode. This ratio surpasses all the reported two‐dimension OIHP single‐crystal photodetectors. In addition, detectors exhibit outstanding responsivity (≈200 mA W−1) and detectivity (≈2.4×1013 Jones). More excitingly, further investigation confirms that lone pair electrons in MHy+ result in the separation of positive and negative charges to produce directional dipoles, which further directional alignment to generate bulk photovoltage, thereby resulting in polarization‐dependent photocurrent. Our findings provide a new demonstration for polar multilayer materials' construction and may open opportunities for a host of high‐sensitive polarized photodetection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskites have made great advance in direct X‐ray detection, however the presence of toxic lead and the requirement of high working voltages severely limit their applicability and operational stability. Thus, exploring "green" lead‐free hybrid perovskites capable of detecting X‐rays at zero bias is crucial but remains toughly challenging. Here, utilizing chiral R/S‐1‐phenylpropylamine (R/S‐PPA) cations, a pair of 0D chiral‐polar perovskites, (R/S‐PPA)2BiI5 (1R/1S) are constructed. Their intrinsic spontaneous electric polarization induces a large bulk photovoltage of 0.63 V, which acts as a driving force to separate and transport photogenerated carriers, thus endowing them with the capability of self‐driven detection. Consequently, self‐driven X‐ray detectors with a low detection limit of 270 nGy s−1 are successfully constructed based on high‐quality, inch‐sized single crystals of 1R. Notably, they show suppressed baseline drift under the self‐driven mode, exhibiting superior operational stability. This study realizes self‐driven X‐ray detection in a single‐phase lead‐free hybrid perovskite by exploiting the intrinsic bulk photovoltaic effect, which sheds light on future explorations of lead‐free hybrid perovskites toward "green" self‐driven radiation detectors with high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the most important two greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which were closely coupled between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. However, the relationship between CO2 and CH4 fluxes of rice paddy at different temporal scales is still unclear. Based on 6 years of eddy covariance measurements on a flooded rice paddy field in Eastern China, the relationship between gross primary productivity (GPP) and CH4 fluxes and the effects of biophysical and environmental factors on daily CH4/GPP were investigated. CH4 fluxes and GPP were tightly linked at diurnal and seasonal scales. On average, half‐hourly CH4 fluxes lagged GPP by 1.5 hr while daily GPP lagged CH4 fluxes by 19 days over the growing season. Leaf area index, water table depth (WTD), air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and canopy conductance significantly affect daily CH4/GPP. A semi‐empirical multiplicative model was able to capture 77% and 84% seasonal variability of daily CH4/GPP for the training data set and testing data set, respectively. WTD is a crucial input affecting the performance of the model. Without WTD included, the agreement between estimated and observed daily CH4/GPP was weakened. Under the condition without WTD data available, separate calibration of the semi‐empirical multiplicative model before and after panicle initiation could improve the estimation of daily CH4/GPP to some extent. The findings in this study enhance our understanding regarding the complex interactions between CH4 fluxes and GPP in the rice paddy and are helpful for better estimation of CH4 fluxes from GPP. Plain Language Summary: This study investigated the relationship between CH4 fluxes and gross primary productivity (GPP) during the growing seasons on a rice paddy field. Results showed CH4 fluxes and GPP were tightly linked at diurnal and seasonal scales. Half‐hourly CH4 fluxes lagged GPP by 1.5 hr while daily GPP lagged CH4 fluxes by 19 days over the growing season. The long time lag of daily GPP relative to daily CH4 fluxes was mainly caused by the water management‐induced fast decline of CH4 fluxes after rice ripened. Due to the significant effects of biophysical and environmental factors on daily CH4/GPP, a semi‐empirical multiplicative model with the above factors as inputs was able to capture 77% and 84% seasonal variability of daily CH4/GPP for the training data set and testing data set, respectively. Without WTD included in the model, the agreement between estimated and observed daily CH4/GPP was weakened. Therefore, it is a very useful finding to promote our understanding of the complex interactions between CH4 fluxes and GPP in the rice paddy for better estimation of CH4 fluxes from GPP. Key Points: The positive relationship between CH4 fluxes and gross primary productivity (GPP) was observed at diurnal and seasonal scales during the rice paddy growing seasonOn average, half‐hourly CH4 fluxes lagged GPP by 1.5 hr while daily GPP lagged CH4 fluxes by 19 days over the growing seasonA semi‐empirical multiplicative model was able to capture the seasonal variability of daily CH4/GPP well [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral halide perovskites have emerged as promising circularly polarized light sources due to their great potential applications in 3D displays, optical data storage, and optical communication devices. However, to date, chiral halide perovskites with efficient blue circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are scarcely unearthed. Herein, through formamidine engineering to decrease lattice distortion, the first new types of chiral corrugated 2D halide perovskites are presented (R/S)‐(BPEA)FAPbBr4·H2O (2‐R/S) (BPEA = 4‐bromophenylethylaminium, FA = formamidinium). Interestingly, driven by the incorporation of FA organic cations, the chiral perovskite layer realizes the transformation from (100)‐oriented (R/S)‐(BPEA)2PbBr4·H2O (1‐R/S) to (110)‐oriented 2‐R/S accompanying with reduced lattice distortion. More importantly, (110)‐oriented chiral perovskites 2‐R exhibit remarkable blue CPL with large asymmetry factors (glum =8.4 × 10−3). This work offers an exciting approach to realizing efficient blue CPL and promotes their further applications in photoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral three‐dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (3D HOIPs) would show unique chiroptoelectronic performance due to the combination of chirality and 3D structure. However, the synthesis of 3D chiral HOIPs remains a significant challenge. Herein, we constructed a pair of unprecedented 3D chiral halide perovskitoids (R/S‐BPEA)EA6Pb4Cl15 (1‐R/S) (R/S‐BPEA=(R/S)‐1‐4‐Bromophenylethylammonium, EA=ethylammonium), in which the large chiral cations can be contained in the big "hollow" inorganic frameworks induced by mixing cations. Notably, 3D 1‐R/S shows natural chiroptical activity, as evidenced by its significant mirror circular dichroism spectra and the ability to distinguish circularly polarized light. Moreover, based on the unique 3D structure, 1‐S presents sensitive X‐ray detection performance with a low detection limit of 398 nGyair s−1, which is 14 times lower than the regular medical diagnosis of 5.5 μGyair s−1. In this work, 3D chiral halide perovskitoids provide a new route to develop chiral material in spintronics and optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered hybrid perovskites possess exceptional semiconductor features and structural versality, making them viable candidates for developing multifunctional dielectric phase‐transition materials (PTMS). However, most PTMs based on layered hybrid perovskites still suffer from Pb toxicity and low operating temperature. The recently developed hybrid double perovskites provide a new routine to designed PTMs with desired working performance and environment‐friendly chemical compositions. Herein, using rigid aromatic cations as templates, we have successfully synthesized a novel double perovskite (benzylammonium)4AgBiBr8 (1), which consists of corner‐sharing AgBr6 and BiBr6 layers and benzylammonium cations. Notably, 1 exhibits a high‐temperature first‐order reversible solid‐state phase transition at 383/387 K (cooling/heating) and switchable dielectric performance around the temperature. Compared with the soft organic chain version of the compound, the phase transition temperature of 1 shows a large enhancement of 99 K, validating the correctness of the designing strategy. In addition, 1 also exhibits semiconductor characteristics with a calculated bandgap of 2.34 eV and an optical bandgap of 2.29 eV. Remarkably, the single crystal photodetector of 1 shows a low dark current (2.12×10−13 A), a high on/off ratio (1.77×103), and a fast response (τrise=125 μs and τdecay=419 μs). Such a lead‐free phase transition material combined with semiconductor properties provides a new strategy to develop environmentally friendly multifunctional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two serious health conditions, obesity and atopic dermatitis (AD), share some pathological features such as insulin resistance, leptin resistance and inflammation, and a growing body of evidence suggests a link between obesity and AD. Obesity predisposes an individual to and/or worsens AD, whereas AD increases the risk of obesity. Obesity and AD's interactions are mediated by cytokines, chemokines and immune cells. Obese individuals with AD are more resistant to anti‐inflammatory therapy, while weight loss can alleviate AD. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking AD and obesity. We also discuss the pathogenic role of obesity in AD, and vice versa. Because of the connection between these two conditions, mitigation of one could possibly prevent the development of or alleviate the other condition. Effective management of AD and weight loss can enhance the wellness of individuals with both of these conditions. However, proper clinical studies are warranted to validate this speculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D chiral hybrid perovskites have recently emerged as outstanding semiconductor materials. However, most of the reported 2D chiral perovskites have limited structural types and contain high levels of toxic lead, which severely hinders their further applications. Herein, by using a mixed‐cation strategy, an unprecedented type of lead‐free cluster‐based 2D chiral hybrid double perovskite derivatives are successfully obtained, [(R/S‐PPA)4(IPA)6Ag2Bi4I24]·2H2O (1‐R and 1‐S), and [(R/S‐PPA)4(n‐BA)6Ag2Bi4I24]·2H2O (2‐R and 2‐S) (R/S‐PPA=R/S–1‐phenylpropylamine; IPA=isopentylamine; n‐BA=n‐butylamine). Their inorganic skeletons are linked by binuclear {Bi2I10} and infinite chain {Ag2Bi2I14}∞, in which bismuth clusters and multiple coordination modes (e.g., tetrahedral AgI4 and octahedral AgI6) are introduced into the double perovskite system for the first time. This introduction induces distortion of the inorganic layer, which may facilitate the transfer of chirality from the chiral cations into achiral double perovskite skeletons. Further, circular dichroism measurements and circularly polarized light detection confirm their inherent chiral optical activities. In addition, 1‐S exhibits an ultralow X‐ray detection limit of 129.5 nGy s−1, which is 42‐fold lower than that of demands in regular medical diagnosis (5.5 µGy s−1). This study provides a pathway to construct novel type of lead‐free cluster‐based double perovskite derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exceptional photophysical properties of 3D organic–inorganic lead halide hybrids (OILHs) endow their significant potential for usage in optoelectronics, which has sparked intense research on novel 3D OILHs and associated applications. However, constructing new 3D OILHs based on large organic cations suffers from tough challenges due to the limitation of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule, let alone further explorations of their practical applications. Herein, a brand‐new 3D lead chloride hybrid, (1MPZ)Pb4Cl10·H2O (1, 1MPZ = 1‐methylpiperazine) is reported, featuring a dense 3D lead chloride framework made of the corner‐, edge‐, and face‐shared lead chloride polyhedra. 1 presents a broadband white light emission with a large Stokes shift and a nanosecond photoluminescence lifetime, which originates from radiative recombination of self‐trapped excitons (STEs) induced by the highly distorted structure. Such a reabsorption‐free and fast‐decayed STEs emission coupling with the dense 3D architecture further enables 1 with effective X‐ray scintillation with good sensitivity. Impressively, 1 also shows superior environmental and radiation stability. This study provides a new 3D OILH with appealing luminescence, not only expanding the 3D OILH family but also inspiring the exploitation of their optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2,200‐year CESM1 pre‐industrial simulation is used to contrast Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC) variations between the first and second austral winters of multi‐year La Niñas. The typical SIC anomaly pattern induced by single‐year La Niñas appears only during the second austral winter of multi‐year La Niñas. A similar pattern, but zonally shifted compared to the typical one, is found during the first winter and exhibits a tripolar pattern with anomaly centers over the Ross, Amundsen‐Bellingshausen, and Weddell Seas. The shift is a result of the pre‐onset conditions associated with multi‐year La Niñas that excites unique atmospheric circulation modes during the first winter. The distinct zonally‐shifted SIC anomaly pattern is observed in four of the six multi‐year La Niña events during the period 1979–2020. These results suggest that it is helpful to separate La Niñas into single and multi‐year events to better understand the La Niña impacts on Antarctic climate. Plain Language Summary: La Niña events are characterized by abnormal cooling of sea surface waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Recently, more La Niña events have been observed to persist for multiple year. In this study, we analyze a long‐term climate model simulation to show that multi‐year La Niñas produce a different impact on Antarctic sea ice concentrations (SIC) than single‐year La Niñas. The typical SIC impact produced by single‐year La Niñas appears only during the second austral winter of multi‐year La Niñas. In contrast, during the first winter of multi‐year La Niñas the pattern is shifted westward and is characterized by a distinct tripolar pattern with anomaly centers over the Ross, Amundsen‐Bellingshausen, Weddell Seas. The different impact pattern during the first winter is caused by the different atmospheric wave trains excited by the different Indian Ocean conditions during the first and second winters of multi‐year events. The distinct impacts and impact mechanisms found in the climate model are also found in the observations. Four out of the six multi‐year La Niña events observed during 1979–2020 exhibit this zonally‐shifted SIC anomaly pattern during their first winters. The increasing occurrence of multi‐year La Niña events may affect Antarctic sea ice patterns in new ways. Key Points: The typical sea ice anomaly pattern appears during the second winter of multi‐year La Niñas but was zonally shifted during the first winterThe shifted pattern results from an unique pre‐onset Indian ocean condition of multi‐year La Niña and atmospheric teleconnections it excitesThe different sea ice impacts revealed in the CESM1 simulation appear in four of the six observed multi‐year La Niña events during 1979–2020 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mixed‐cation 3D lead bromide hybrid perovskite (NMDAP)2FAPb4Br13 (1, NMDAP2+ = N‐methyl‐1,3‐diaminopropanium, FA+ = formamidinium) is tailored by incorporating the large NMDAP2+ cation with the small FA+ ion into 3D FAPbBr3. Structurally, the small FA+ ions occupy the prototypical cavities formed by distorted corner‐sharing PbBr6 octahedra as in FAPbBr3, while the bulky NMDAP2+ ions are confined to the expanded lattice which is defined by a new structural motif composed of eight corner‐sharing PbBr6 octahedra and four edge‐sharing octahedra. This localized lattice expansion from FAPbBr3 creates a new branch of the intriguing 3D hybrid perovskite family, breaking the limits of the conventional Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule. Moreover, a high two‐photon absorption (2AP) coefficient of 60.8 cm MW−1 was demonstrated to near‐infrared (NIR) 800 nm illumination, enabling sensitive NIR photoresponses with large on/off ratio (≈104) as well as favorable stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral alternating cations intercalation‐type (ACI) perovskites, which are capable of great structural flexibility and a suitable quantum well barrier thickness that facilitates better charge transport, are urgently desired for circularly polarized light (CPL) detection. However, the chiral–polar photovoltaic effect (CPPE) in chiral ACI perovskites has never been reported although CPPE will provide great opportunities for future sustainable development. Here, by transmuting the organic ligands in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper‐type (RP) perovskites, two chiral–polar photovoltaic ACI perovskites (R/S‐PPA)EAPbCl4 (1R/1S) are successfully developed, which are stabilized by the alternating ordering of the short alkyl EA (EA = ethylammonium) and chiral aromatic PPA (PPA = 1‐phenylpropylamine) cations in the interlayer space. Particularly, converting chiral RP into ACI perovskites gives rise to a remarkable CPPE and suitable quantum well barrier thickness. These features contribute to the exploration of self‐powered ultraviolet CPL detection with an asymmetry factor up to 0.4, which reaches the highest value among the reported layered chiral perovskites. This is thought to be the first realization of CPPE in ACI perovskites, which paves the way for the application of chiral perovskites for self‐powered short‐wave ultraviolet CPL detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) is an important forage, biofuels and industrial plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas globally. It is characterized with robust growth and high biomass. We sequenced its allopolyploid genome and assembled 2.07 Gb into A' and B subgenomes of 14 chromosomes with scaffold N50 of 8.47 Mb, yielding a total of 77,139 genes. The allotetraploid speciation occurred approximately 15 Ma after the divergence between Setaria italica and Pennisetum glaucum, according to a phylogenetic analysis of Pennisetum species. Double whole‐genome duplication (WGD) and polyploidization events resulted in large‐scale gene expansion, especially in the key steps of growth and biomass accumulation. Integrated transcriptome profiling revealed the functional divergence between subgenomes A' and B. A' subgenome mainly contributed to plant growth, development and photosynthesis, whereas the B subgenome was primarily responsible for effective transportation and resistance to stimulation. Some key gene families related to cellulose biosynthesis were expanded and highly expressed in stems, which could explain the high cellulose content in elephant grass. Our findings provide deep insights into genetic evolution of elephant grass and will aid future biological research and breeding, even for other grasses in the family Poaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (Q‐2D) Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites based on CsPbBr3 are promising candidates for photodetection. Previous studies have predicted that the photoresponse of such materials with high inorganic‐layer numbers (n) will be more protruding in this portfolio. However, until now, only bilayered (n=2) CsPbBr3‐based DJ‐type hybrid perovskites are obtained and the higher number of layers (n>2) remain completely unexplored, owing to the relatively high formation energies. Here, by incorporating diamine into the 3D CsPbBr3 motif, a new Q‐2D trilayered CsPbBr3‐based DJ‐type hybrid perovskite that contains organic cation and inorganic Cs metal, namely (4‐AMP)Cs2Pb3Br10 (1, 4‐AMP2+=4‐(aminomethyl)piperidinium, n=3), is obtained. Excitingly, 1 exhibits excellent photoresponse, superior to its single‐layered and bilayered counterparts. The resulting photodetectors thus exhibit a large on/off ratio (>103), high photodetectivity (6.5×1010 Jones) and fast response speed (193 μs). As far as we know, 1 is the first Q‐2D CsPbBr3‐based DJ‐type hybrid perovskites with high n numbers. Our results may widen the range of the potential material in application of photodetection and will be helpful to design hybrid perovskites for other advanced optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric materials, particularly the emerging layered hybrid ferroelectrics, have shown great potential for high‐sensitive polarization photodetection owing to their striking bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE). Despite recent great achievements, the linear photoresponse range based on single‐mode BPVE is still limited in the shortwave region due to the large intrinsic bandgaps. Herein, first, the realization of self‐powered visible–infrared polarization photodetection by exploiting dual‐modal BPVE in a newly developed layered Dion–Jacobson (D‐J) hybrid ferroelectric (BDA)(EA)2Pb3Br10 (1, BDA is 1,4‐butadiammonium, EA is ethylammonium) is reported. Crystallographic investigations indicate that 1 adopts a typical trilayered D‐J perovskite structure with a fascinating ferroelectric feature and a giant two‐photon absorption coefficient as giant as 4.73 cm MW–1. Meanwhile, the bulk single crystal device of 1 exhibits excellent self‐powered direct detection performance under both visible light (405 nm) and near‐infrared light (800 nm), with a current on/off ratio as high as 103. More intriguingly, the device displays high sensitivity to the polarization of illuminated light, showing a considerable anisotropy up to 4.2 (405 nm) and 4.8 (800 nm), which are much larger than the detectors achieved by geometry anisotropy. The realization of self‐powered visible‐infrared dual‐modal polarization photodetection in 1 indicates the tremendous potential of hybrid ferroelectrics in various optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the risk factors for re‐recurrence in relapsed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and therapeutic approaches to reduce the re‐recurrence rate. Methods: Data of relapsed GTN treated in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020, were reviewed retrospectively. Risk factors associated with re‐recurrence were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 39 relapsed GTN patients were included in our study. At the time of the first relapse, 14 patients received single‐agent chemotherapy and 25 patients received multi‐agent chemotherapy. Surgery was performed in 19 patients. Complete remission was achieved in all of the patients. Re‐recurrence occurred in 21 patients. Univariate analysis suggested that unifocal recurrence was the only factor significantly associated with re‐recurrence (OR = 0.25, p = 0.04). Recurrence pattern‐based subgroup analysis showed that the proportion of re‐recurrence was lower in patients who received both surgery and chemotherapy compared to those who received only chemotherapy in the unifocal recurrence group (3/11 vs. 2/4), but not in the non‐unifocal recurrence group (7/8 vs. 9/16). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in re‐recurrence rates between the surgical approaches and that the non‐unifocal recurrence pattern was an independent risk factor for re‐recurrence. Conclusions: For relapsed GTN with unifocal recurrence pattern, surgical removal of the lesion can effectively reduce the re‐recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therefore, study expanded the genotype and phenotype of I NLRP7 i -related HM patients and provided more evidence that I NLRP7 i mutations could increase the risk of GTN. Notably, p.C221Lfs*13, p.Q472*, and p.P716S were novo mutations and the other mutations were rare mutations according to 1000 g, ExAC and gnomAD databases (Figure 1C). In a genotype-phenotype correlation study, we found that both I NLRP7 i missense mutations (27 alleles) and null mutations (27 alleles) contributed equally to the I NLRP7 i -related GTN patients. [Extracted from the article]

Aims: This study aimed to develop and validate the psychometric properties of Information Needs Questionnaire for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (INQ‐DTC) in DTC patients with radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Design: Mixed methods. Methods: Using qualitative methods, we developed the initial questionnaire from a personal perspective of information needs of 15 patients with DTC. We used a formal Delphi consensus process to help assess the initial questionnaire and provide recommendations for its application. Totally, 230 DTC patients with RAI therapy were selected for the process of validation. Results: The final version of INQ‐DTC contains 33 items. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.945, the total split‐half reliability was 0.822, and the test‐retest value was 0.984 for the overall score. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 factors, which could explain 61.86% of the total variance. The Scale‐level content validity index (S‐CVI) was 0.928, and 0.929 for the item‐level content validity index (I‐CVI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niulanshan Baijiu (NLS), a kind of light‐flavor Baijiu, is very popular in China. The gray model [GM (1,1)], a mathematical model, is used to predict the content changes of key odorants in NLS during the aging process. First, the smell experiment of NLS was carried out by gas chromatography‐olfactometry‐mass spectrometry (GC‐O‐MS). Then, 34 aroma compounds in NLS aged four different years were identified and quantitated, calculated the OAVs of these aroma compounds, there were 18 compounds with OAVs >1, which were considered as important aroma compounds in NLS, and finally, the gray prediction was carried out by modeling the content of these compounds. The correlations between the predicted values and actual values were as high as 0.9969. This is the first time that GM (1,1) is used in liquor content analysis, and the good prediction results show the applicability of GM (1,1) in predicting the content change of compounds during Baijiu aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the heterogeneous impacts of either global or local investor sentiments (IS) on stock returns (SR). We study 10 industry sectors through the lens of six (so‐called) emerging countries: China, Brazil, India, Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey, over the 2000 to 2014 period. Using a panel data framework, our study sheds light on a significant effect of local IS on expected returns for basic materials, consumer goods, industrial, and financial industries. Moreover, our results suggest that from global IS alone, one cannot predict expected SR in these markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of foreign equity portfolio investment on corruption. Employing a large dataset of 44 countries from 2001 to 2015 and three different measures of corruption, our results show that foreign investors from well‐governed countries tend to foster public accountability, reduce asymmetry information and corruption. We find empirical evidence that foreign equity portfolio investment interacts with stock market development and central bank transparency to reduce corruption. Our results suggest that stock market development and central bank transparency are regarded as complementary by international portfolio investors. Further analysis indicates that corruption appears more prevalent in countries where domestic investors dominate the stock market. Our results are robust to endogeneity using dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM). The findings suggest that attracting foreign equity investors reduces corruption, implying significant benefits for portfolio diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium oxysporum is the causal agent of the devastating Fusarium wilt by invading and colonizing the vascular system in various plants, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator that controls intracellular metabolism, cell growth, and stress responses in eukaryotes, but little is known about TOR signalling in F. oxysporum. In this study, we identified conserved FoTOR signalling pathway components including FoTORC1 and FoTORC2. Pharmacological assays showed that F. oxysporum is hypersensitive to rapamycin in the presence of FoFKBP12 while the deletion mutant strain ΔFofkbp12 is insensitive to rapamycin. Transcriptomic data indicated that FoTOR signalling controls multiple metabolic processes including ribosome biogenesis and cell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDEs). Genetic analysis revealed that FoTOR1 interacting protein 4 (FoTIP4) acts as a new component of FoTOR signalling to regulate hyphal growth and pathogenicity of F. oxysporum. Importantly, transcript levels of genes associated with ribosome biogenesis and CWDEs were dramatically downregulated in the ΔFotip4 mutant strain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that FoTIP4 can bind to the promoters of ribosome biogenesis‐ and CWDE‐related genes to positively regulate the expression of these genes. These results suggest that FoTOR signalling plays central roles in regulating hyphal growth and pathogenicity of F. oxysporum and provide new insights into FoTOR1 as a target for controlling and preventing Fusarium wilt in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide hybrid perovskites are attracting considerable attention as highly promising candidates for directly sensing X‐ray radiation, but it is challenging to realize passive X‐ray detection without an external power supply. However, the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in ferroelectrics promotes the independent separation of photoexcited carriers. Herein, by dimensionality reconstruction of a pure‐two‐dimensional (P‐2D) monolayered perovskite (CH3OC3H9N)2PbBr4, we obtained a quasi‐two‐dimensional (Q‐2D) ferroelectric (CH3OC3H9N)2CsPb2Br7. Converting P‐2D into Q‐2D perovskite stimulates a significant BPVE associated with robust ferroelectricity, as well as an enhanced mobility lifetime product. These features show the potential of the first passive X‐ray detector based on ferroelectrics with an impressive sensitivity up to 410 μC Gy−1 cm−2 at zero bias, which is even superior to the value of the state‐of‐the‐art α‐Se detector operated at relatively high bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Until recently, achieving a reference‐quality genome sequence for bread wheat was long thought beyond the limits of genome sequencing and assembly technology, primarily due to the large genome size and > 80% repetitive sequence content. The release of the chromosome scale 14.5‐Gb IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 genome sequence of bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS) was, therefore, a milestone. Here, we used a direct label and stain (DLS) optical map of the CS genome together with a prior nick, label, repair and stain (NLRS) optical map, and sequence contigs assembled with Pacific Biosciences long reads, to refine the v1.0 assembly. Inconsistencies between the sequence and maps were reconciled and gaps were closed. Gap filling and anchoring of 279 unplaced scaffolds increased the total length of pseudomolecules by 168 Mb (excluding Ns). Positions and orientations were corrected for 233 and 354 scaffolds, respectively, representing 10% of the genome sequence. The accuracy of the remaining 90% of the assembly was validated. As a result of the increased contiguity, the numbers of transposable elements (TEs) and intact TEs have increased in IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 compared with v1.0. In total, 98% of the gene models identified in v1.0 were mapped onto this new assembly through development of a dedicated approach implemented in the MAGAAT pipeline. The numbers of high‐confidence genes on pseudomolecules have increased from 105 319 to 105 534. The reconciled assembly enhances the utility of the sequence for genetic mapping, comparative genomics, gene annotation and isolation, and more general studies on the biology of wheat. Significance Statement: This new release of bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring reference genome sequence, IWGSC RefSeq v2.1, features correction of assembly errors affecting approximately 10% of the prior IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 release using genome‐wide optical maps and filling of gaps with single‐molecule long‐reads as well as incorporating re‐annotation of TEs and re‐computation of gene coordinates. These refinements enhance the sequence utility for breeding and research applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Pre‐harvest sprouting (PHS), the germination of grain before harvest, is a serious problem resulting in wheat yield and quality losses.Here, we mapped the PHS resistance gene PHS‐3D from synthetic hexaploid wheat to a 2.4 Mb presence–absence variation (PAV) region and found that its resistance effect was attributed to the pleiotropic Myb10‐D by integrated omics and functional analyses.Three haplotypes were detected in this PAV region among 262 worldwide wheat lines and 16 Aegilops tauschii, and the germination percentages of wheat lines containing Myb10‐D was approximately 40% lower than that of the other lines. Transcriptome and metabolome profiling indicated that Myb10‐D affected the transcription of genes in both the flavonoid and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathways, which resulted in increases in flavonoids and ABA in transgenic wheat lines. Myb10‐D activates 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) by biding the secondary wall MYB‐responsive element (SMRE) to promote ABA biosynthesis in early wheat seed development stages.We revealed that the newly discovered function of Myb10‐D confers PHS resistance by enhancing ABA biosynthesis to delay germination in wheat. The PAV harboring Myb10‐D associated with grain color and PHS will be useful for understanding and selecting white grained PHS resistant wheat cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large‐volume applications of lead‐free piezoceramics in high‐power ultrasonics. Zn2+‐doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1‐y)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐yBaTiO3 (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn2+‐doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance TF‐R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in TF‐R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High‐resolution diffraction indicates that Zn2+‐doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐based materials have been earmarked for one of the first large‐volume applications of lead‐free piezoceramics in high‐power ultrasonics. Zn2+‐doping is demonstrated as a viable route to enhance the thermal depolarization temperature and electromechanically harden (1‐y)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐yBaTiO3 (NBT100yBT) with a maximum achievable operating temperature of 150 °C and mechanical quality factor of 627 for 1 mole % Zn2+‐doped NBT6BT. Although quenching from sintering temperatures has been recently touted to enhance TF‐R, with quenching the doped compositions featuring an additional increase in TF‐R by 17 °C, it exhibits negligible effect on the electromechanical properties. The effect is rationalized considering the missing influence on conductivity and therefore, negligible changes in the defect chemistry upon quenching. High‐resolution diffraction indicates that Zn2+‐doped samples favor the tetragonal phase with enhanced lattice distortion, further corroborated by 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]