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Effective extraction of building from remote sensing images requires both global and local information. Despite convolutional neural networks (CNNs) excelling at capturing local details, their intrinsic focus on local operations poses challenge in effectively extracting global features, especially in the context of large‐scale buildings. In contrast, transformers excel at capturing global information, but compared to CNNs, they tend to overly rely on large‐scale datasets and pre‐trained parameters. To tackle the challenge, this paper presents the multi‐scale and dual‐branch feature fusion network (MDTrans). Specifically, the CNN and transformer branches are integrated in a dual‐branch parallel manner during both encoding and decoding stages, local information for small‐scale buildings is extracted by utilizing Dense Connection Blocks in the CNN branch, while crucial global information for large‐scale buildings is effectively captured through Swin Transformer Block in the transformer branch. Additionally, Dual Branch Information Fusion Block is designed to fuse local and global features from the two branches. Furthermore, Multi‐Convolutional Block is designed to further enhance the feature extraction capability of buildings with different sizes. Through extensive experiments on the WHU, Massachusetts, and Inria building datasets, MDTrans achieves intersection over union (IoU) scores of 91.36%, 64.69%, and 79.25%, respectively, outperforming other state‐of‐the‐art models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous fluids are extensively present in the middle to lower crust, as revealed by seismic and magnetotelluric soundings. The α−β quartz phase transition significantly affects many physical properties and leads to substantial microcracks that can provide pathways for the migration of crustal fluids. A systematic investigation of macroscopic physical properties and microstructure of quartz is crucial to elucidate their correlation. In the present study, the effects of water content, trace elements, orientations, and phase transition on the electrical conductivity of quartz were thoroughly evaluated at 400−900°C and 1 GPa. Individual annealing experiments were simultaneously conducted on quartz single crystals at different peak temperatures and 1 GPa to investigate the evolution and spatial distribution of microcracks using X‐ray microtomography (CT) and backscattered electron imaging. We found that trace element content and orientations, rather than H2O, are the dominant factors controlling the conductivity of quartz. The distinct changes in conductivity of single crystals at around α−β phase transition temperature are attributed to the transformation of microcracks from isolated to interconnected networks, as confirmed by two‐dimensional (2‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) microstructure images. Based on the variation in electrical conductivity and microstructure across the transition, it thus is proposed that the intragranular microcracks caused by quartz phase transition can serve as fluid or melt pathways within highly conductive zones present in the middle to lower crust, while α‐quartz acts as an impermeable cap. Plain Language Summary: Numerous geophysical observations have disclosed the widespread presence of aqueous fluids in the middle to lower crust. It has been demonstrated that the α−β quartz phase transition not only causes drastic changes in many physical properties, but also play an important role in fluid storage in crust due to the generation of microcracks. An integrated study on electrical conductivity, X‐ray tomography and backscattered electron images can unravel the correlation of macroscopic physical properties and microstructure of quartz. Our results indicated that orientations and trace element content have predominant influences on the electrical conductivity compared to water content. Additionally, a marked change in the conductivity of quartz single crystals occurred at temperature around the α−β phase transition, which is ascribed to the formation of interconnected microcracks confirmed by 2‐D and 3‐D high‐resolution microstructure images. These intragranular microcracks in quartz can promote porosity and permeability, facilitating the interconnection of fluid or melt required for the highly conductive anomaly in the middle to lower crust, while the α‐quartz above it may serve as a permeability barrier. Key Points: The effects of temperature, trace elements, and orientations on electrical conductivity of quartz were quantitatively evaluatedThe interconnected microcracks formed at α−β quartz phase transition were confirmed by electrical conductivity, 2‐D and 3‐D imagesThe transition‐induced microcracks provide fluid pathways for high conductivity zones in the middle to lower crust [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li‐rich antiperovskite (LiRAP) hydroxyhalides are emerging as attractive solid electrolyte (SEs) for all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) due to their low melting point, low cost, and ease of scaling‐up. The incorporation of rotational polyanions can reduce the activation energy and thus improve the Li ion conductivity of SEs. Herein, we propose a ternary rotational polyanion coupling strategy to fasten the Li ion conduction in tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) ion doped LiRAP Li2OHCl. Assisted by first‐principles calculation, powder X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state magnetic resonance and electrochemical impedance spectra, it is confirmed that Li ion transport in BF4− ion doped Li2OHCl is strongly associated with the rotational coupling among OH−, BF4− and Li2−O−H octahedrons, which enhances the Li ion conductivity for more than 1.8 times with the activation energy lowering 0.03 eV. This work provides a new perspective to design high‐performance superionic conductors with multi‐polyanions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of lithium‐sulfur batteries is compromised by the loss of sulfur as dissolved polysulfides in the electrolyte and consequently the polysulfide redox shutting effect. Accelerating the conversion kinetics of polysulfide intermediates into sulfur or lithium sulfide through electrocatalysis has emerged as a root‐cause solution. Co−N−C composite electrocatalyst is commonly used for this purpose. It is illustrated here that how the effectiveness can be improved by modulating the coordination chemistry of Co−N−C catalytic sites through introducing Ru species (RuCo−NC). The well‐dispersed Ru in the Co−NC carbon matrix altered the total charge distribution over the Co−N−C catalytic sites and led to the formation of electron‐rich Co−N, which is highly active for the polysulfide conversion reactions. Using Ru to modulate the electronic structure in the Co−N−C configuration and the additional catalytic sites over the Ru−Nx species can manifest optimal adsorption behavior of polysulfides. Consequently, the sulfur cathode with RuCo−NC can reduce the capacity fade rate from 0.11 % per cycle without catalyst (initial capacity of 701 mAh g−1) to 0.054 % per cycle (initial capacity of 1074 mAh g−1) over 400 cycles at 0.2 C rate. The results of this study provide the evidence for a feasible catalyst modification strategy for the polysulfide electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated hierarchical microstructures composed of organic micro/nanocrystals with defined morphology have received great interest as candidates for advanced photonic circuits. Herein, the synthesis of highly ordered multilevel homogenous hyperbranched networks (HHNs) made of the individual organic compound 2, 3‐dicyanine naphthalene via a facile solution self‐assembly route is reported. The selective growth of branches on the sidewall of the backbone driven by the lattice match mechanism leads to the formation of higher‐level snowflake‐like configuration of the HHNs. These well‐organized HHNs perform excellent abilities of directional asymmetry photon transport and hierarchical polarization filtering. Combined with the doping strategy, the broad emission range of hyperbranched network heterostructures is expanded, and even the white light emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates at (0.30, 0.33) is realized. This work provides deep insight into the rational creation of complex organic heterostructures for novel photoelectric devices with desired performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are more creative on some days than others. Studying how individuals generate creative ideas from day to day could contribute to knowledge regarding the causes of such within‐person variations and have practical implications for improving employee creativity across time. By adopting a dynamic resource allocation perspective and a repeated‐measure diary design, we developed and examined a theoretical model focusing on the within‐person processes of employee creativity. Specifically, we hypothesized that momentary role‐breadth self‐efficacy predicts daily changes in increasing job challenges, which, in turn, predicts daily changes in employee creativity, and that the latter relationship is accentuated by decreasing hindering demands. Results, based on 818 pairs of matched morning–afternoon observations from 91 employees over 10 workdays, provided support for our predictions. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results for improving employee daily creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitride perovskite LaWN3 has been predicted to be a promising ferroelectric material with unique properties for diverse applications. However, due to the challenging sample preparation at ambient pressure, the crystal structure of this nitride remains unsolved, which results in many ambiguities in its properties. Here, the authors report a comprehensive study of LaWN3 based on high‐quality samples synthesized by a high‐pressure method, leading to a definitive resolution of its crystal structure involving nitrogen deficiency. Combined with theoretical calculations, these results show that LaWN3 adopts an orthorhombic Pna21 structure with a polar symmetry, possessing a unique atomic polarization along the c‐axis. The associated atomic polar distortions in LaWN3 are driven by covalent hybridization of W: 5d and N: 2p orbitals, opening a direct bandgap that explains its semiconducting behaviors. The structural stability and electronic properties of this nitride are also revealed to be closely associated with its nitrogen deficiency. The success in unraveling the structural and electronic ambiguities of LaWN3 would provide important insights into the structures and properties of the family of nitride perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiated by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a complicated process. MiR‐155 can alter the immune microenvironment to affect the host's anti‐infective ability. This study investigated the mechanism by which miR‐155 affects tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM) polarization at a molecular level, thus affecting the malignant progression of HBV+HCC. MiR‐155 and TAM‐related cytokine expression were analysed by qRT‐PCR. The distribution of TAMs was detected by immunohistochemistry. The effect of the aberrant miR‐155 expression on macrophage polarization was examined by flow cytometry. The targeted relationship was verified by dual‐luciferase assay, and the protein level of src homology 2 domain‐containing inositol polyphosphate 5‐phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) was detected by western blot. The proliferation of HCC cells was examined by CCK‐8 and colony formation assays. Invasion and migration of HCC cells were detected by transwell assay. In HBV+HCC tissues, miR‐155 was significantly highly expressed and the number of CD206‐positive TAM (CD206+ TAM) and CD68‐positive TAM (CD68+ TAM) were higher than those in HBV−HCC tissues. In addition, miR‐155 overexpression significantly promoted M2‐type macrophage polarization, whilst miR‐155 silencing expression significantly promoted M1‐type macrophage polarization. Besides, the miR‐155/SHIP1 axis accelerated HCC cell invasion, proliferation and migration by inducing M2‐type macrophage polarization. MiR‐155 accelerates HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SHIP1 expression and inducing macrophage M2 polarization. This finding provides new insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for combatting HBV+HCC and a new reference for exploring anti‐tumour immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for green, clean, and low‐cost energy based on next generation all‐solid‐state batteries is increasing day by day. Compared with all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries, all‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries (ASSSIBs) feature better environmental credentials, higher safety, and higher earth abundance. To develop such type of battery system, efficient solid‐state sodium electrolytes with high ionic conductivity at room temperature, wide electrochemical stability window, low electronic conductivity, and interface compatibility are needed, but are rarely reported. In this article, density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations are performed to predict new sodium solid electrolytes, which produces a series of sodium superionic conductors with remarkable ion‐conducting properties and interface compatibility. The optimized composition discovered in this work can afford an extraordinary Na‐ionic conductivity of up to 8 mS cm−1 with an extremely low activation energy of 0.20 eV; in addition to the high chemical and electrochemical stabilities, which could be a central idea for the experimental study and accelerate the development of high‐performance ASSSIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HgTe film is widely used for quantum Hall well studies and devices, as it has unique properties, like band gap inversion, carrier‐type switch, and topological evolution depending on the film thickness modulation near the so‐called critical thickness (63.5 Å), while its counterpart bulk materials do not hold these nontrivial properties at ambient pressure. Here, much richer transport properties emerging in bulk HgTe crystal through pressure‐tuning are reported. Not only the above‐mentioned abnormal properties can be realized in a 400 nm thick bulk HgTe single crystal, but superconductivity is also discovered in a series of high‐pressure phases. Combining crystal structure, electrical transport, and Hall coefficient measurements, a p‐n carrier type switching is observed in the first high‐pressure cinnabar phase. Superconductivity emerges after the semiconductor‐to‐metal transition at 3.9 GPa and persists up to 54 GPa, crossing four high‐pressure phases with an increased upper critical field. Density functional theory calculations confirm that a surface‐dominated topologic band structure contributes these exotic properties under high pressure. This discovery presents broad and efficient tuning effects by pressure on the lattice structure and electronic modulations compared to the thickness‐dependent critical properties in 2D and 3D topologic insulators and semimetals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners, and considerable research has demonstrated the intrapersonal effects of mindfulness at work or at home. Research to date, however, has overlooked potential interpersonal effects of mindfulness across the work and family domains. Drawing on the spillover‐crossover model and the mindfulness literature, we investigate the effects of spouse mindfulness at home on employee work and family outcomes. We test our model using dyadic experience‐sampling data collected from 125 focal employees and their spouses over 10 consecutive workdays. The results indicated that, at the within‐person level, spouse mindfulness at home was positively associated with employee authentic emotional sharing at home, which, in turn, was positively associated with employee positive effect at home but negatively associated with employee negative affect at home. The results also indicated that spouse mindfulness at home had a positive indirect effect on family satisfaction at home and work engagement during the next morning through enhancing employee authentic emotional sharing at home. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for the mindfulness research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique electronic structure and crystal structure driven by external pressure in transition metal tellurides (TMTs) can host unconventional quantum states. Here, the discovery of pressure‐induced phase transition at ≈2 GPa, and dome‐shaped superconducting phase emerged in van der Waals layered NbIrTe4 is reported. The highest critical temperature (Tc) is ≈5.8 K at pressure of ≈16 GPa, where the interlayered Te–Te covalent bonds form simultaneously derived from the synchrotron diffraction data, indicating the hosting structure of superconducting evolved from low‐pressure two‐dimensional (2D) phase to three‐dimensional (3D) structure with pressure higher than 30 GPa. Strikingly, the authors have found an anisotropic transport in the vicinity of the superconducting state, suggesting the emergence of a "stripe"‐like phase. The dome‐shaped superconducting phase and anisotropic transport are possibly due to the spatial modulation of interlayer Josephson coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrate‐based CO2 storage is considered a potentially effective way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and slowing down global warming. Herein, the locations in the ocean and permafrost that meet the requirements for hydrate‐based CO2 storage are summarized. Furthermore, research progress and shortcomings of hydrate‐based CO2 storage are analyzed. The two main methods for hydrate‐based CO2 storage are direct CO2 hydrate storage and CO2–CH4 hydrate replacement. Direct CO2 hydrate storage on the seabed and in the subsea (or permafrost) is proposed, and CO2 formation experiments on different scales are conducted. Various porous media are used to simulate the natural sediment and investigate the hydrate formation equilibrium and kinetics. CO2–CH4 replacement is preferred because it combines the benefits of CO2 storage and CH4 production. The hydrate equilibrium of different CO2–CH4 mixture hydrates is measured using different methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy are commonly used to study the hydrate structure characteristics and mass transfer properties. Macrokinetics are usually conducted in a high‐pressure vessel to analyze the effects of the experimental conditions on the replacement results. Nevertheless, the replacement rate and hydrate properties should be investigated further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is a powerful technique that enables imaging of diverse specimens (e.g., biomaterials, chemical materials, nanomaterials) in a hydrated or native state while simultaneously maintaining micro‐to‐nanoscale resolution. However, it is difficult to achieve high signal‐to‐noise and artifact‐free secondary electron images in a high‐pressure gaseous environment due to the intensive electron‐gas collisions. In addition, nanotextured substrates can mask the signal from a weakly scattering sample. These drawbacks limit the study of material dynamics under extreme conditions and correspondingly our understanding in many fields. In this work, an imaging framework called Quasi‐Newtonian ESEM is proposed, which introduces the concepts of quasi‐force and quasi‐work by referencing the scattering force in light–matter interactions, to break these barriers without any hardware changes. It is shown that quasi‐force is a more fundamental quantity that has a more significant connection with the sample morphology than intensity in the strongly scattering regime. Experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamics of droplet condensation in a high‐pressure environment (up to 2500 Pa) successfully demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the framework and that the overwhelmed signal of interest in ESEM images can be reconstructed through information stored in the time domain, i.e., frames captured at different moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to reduce unsuccessful treatment trials for depression, neuroimaging and genetic information can be considered as biomarkers. Together with machine-learning methods, prediction models have proved to be valuable for baseline prediction.Purpose: To propose an ensemble learning modeling framework that integrates imaging and genetic information for individualized baseline prediction of early-stage treatment response of antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD).Study Type: Prospective.Subjects: In all, 98 inpatients with MDD.Field Strength/sequence: 3.0T MRI and gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence.Assessment: Participants were divided into responders and nonresponders based on reducing rates of HDRS-6 after early-stage treatment of 2 weeks. Fourteen brain regions of interest were selected according to previous studies. An ensemble learning modeling framework was used to integrate imaging data and genetic data.Statistical Tests: Support vector machine (SVM) with linear kernel was utilized to integrate multimode information and then to construct the prediction model. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used to evaluate the performance. The position characteristics obtained through SVM-RFE (recursive feature elimination) algorithm and LOOCV was considered to compare each feature's relative importance for the prediction model.Results: Compared with the single-level prediction model, the ensemble learning prediction model showed improvement in prediction performance (accuracy from 0.61 to 0.86 with imaging data and genetic data). Integrated with 14 priori brain regions, the region of interest (ROI) map ensemble learning prediction model can achieve a performance that is analogous with the model with information from whole-brain regions (both with accuracy of 0.81). The integration of genetic features further improved the sensitivity of prediction (sensitivity from 0.78 to 0.87 under the ensemble learning framework).Data Conclusion: Our ensemble learning prediction model demonstrated significant advantages in interpretability and information integration. The findings may provide more assistance for clinical treatment selection in MDD at the individual level.Level Of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:161-171. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the motivational effects of daily positive work events. Drawing on self‐determination theory, we investigated the motivational mechanism of two clusters of commonly encountered positive work events—achievement and recognition events—from a within‐person perspective. Specifically, we argue that achievement events and recognition events influence subsequent work engagement through satisfying different psychological needs. We tested our model using experience‐sampling data from 200 full‐time employees over eight workdays. As hypothesised, after controlling for positive affect as an additional mediator, both achievement and recognition events had positive effects on work engagement through psychological needs satisfaction. The results also revealed that achievement and recognition work events had differentiated effects in satisfying different psychological needs. These results shed light on the motivational function of positive work events above and beyond the affective mechanism and explicate the processes through which different types of positive work events relate to work engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Here, a P2‐type layered Na2Zn2TeO6 (NZTO) is reported with a high Na+ ion conductivity ≈0.6×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature (RT), which is comparable to the currently best Na1+nZr2SinP3−nO12 NASICON structure. As small amounts of Ga3+ substitutes for Zn2+, more Na+ vacancies are introduced in the interlayer gaps, which greatly reduces strong Na+–Na+ coulomb interactions. Ga‐substituted NZTO exhibits a superionic conductivity of ≈1.1×10−3 S cm−1 at RT, and excellent phase and electrochemical stability. All solid‐state batteries have been successfully assembled with a capacity of ≈70 mAh g−1 over 10 cycles with a rate of 0.2 C at 80 °C. 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on powder samples show intra‐grain (bulk) diffusion coefficients DNMR on the order of 12.35×10−12 m2 s−1 at 65 °C that corresponds to a conductivity σNMR of 8.16×10−3 S cm−1, assuming the Nernst–Einstein equation, which thus suggests a new perspective of fast Na+ ion conductor for advanced sodium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorine-doped antiperovskite Li-ion conductor Li2(OH)X (X=Cl, Br) is shown to be a promising candidate for a solid electrolyte in an all-solid-state Li-ion rechargeable battery. Substitution of F− for OH− transforms orthorhombic Li2OHCl to a room-temperature cubic phase, which shows electrochemical stability to 9 V versus Li+/Li and two orders of magnitude higher Li-ion conductivity than that of orthorhombic Li2OHCl. An all-solid-state Li/LiFePO4 with F-doped Li2OHCl as the solid electrolyte showed good cyclability and a high coulombic efficiency over 40 charge/discharge cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 90 gilts were used to investigate the effects of various standard ileal digestible ( SID) total sulfur amino acid ( TSAA) to lysine (Lys) ratios on the performance and carcass characteristics of late finishing gilts receiving low crude protein ( CP) diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids ( CAA). Graded levels of crystalline methionine ( Met) (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 or 1.1 g/kg) were added to the basal diet to produce diets providing SID TSAA to Lys ratios of 0.48, 0.53, 0.58, 0.63 or 0.68. At the termination of the experiment, 30 gilts (one pig per pen) with an average body weight ( BW) of 120 kg were killed to evaluate carcass traits. Increasing the SID TSAA to Lys ratio increased average daily gain ( ADG) (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05), improved feed conversion ratio ( FCR) (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and decreased serum urea nitrogen ( SUN) concentration (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) of finishing gilts. No effects were obtained for carcass traits. The optimum SID TSAA to Lys ratios to maximize ADG as well as to minimize FCR and SUN levels were 0.57, 0.58 and 0.53 using a linear-break point model and 0.64, 0.62 and 0.61 using a quadratic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel crosslinked by inorganic Laponite XLG was successfully synthesized via in situ free radical polymerization of monomers N,N-diethylacrylamide and (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Polymerization was carried out at room temperature due to the accelerating effect of DMAEMA. The as-prepared hydrogels displayed controlled transformation in optical transmittance and volume in response to small diversification of environmental factors, such as temperature and pH. The compressive strength of swollen D6:1G6 hydrogels was as high as 2219 kPa while compressive strain was 95%. Cyclic compression measurement exhibited good elastic properties of NC hydrogels. This work provides a facile method for fabricating stimuli-responsive hydrogels with superior mechanical property. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 876-884 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A robust and coarse surface mesh was fabricated by introducing a hydrogel coating with interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure on stainless steel mesh. The IPN hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) followed by condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) at room temperature. As a result, the roughness of modified mesh was enhanced obviously and oil droplet underwater showed a larger contact angle. The hydrogel-coated surface showed an underwater superoleophobicity with an oil contact angle of 153.92 ± 1.08°. Besides, stable wettability was observed. The mesh can selectively separate oil from water with a high separation efficiency of above 99.8%. This work provides a facile method to strengthen the coating and enhance the efficiency of oil-water separation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41949. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique is an attractive method to make functional multilayer thin films and has been applied to fabricate a wide range of materials. LBL materials could improve optical transmittance and mechanical properties if the film components were covalently bonded. Covalently bonded nanocomposite multilayer films were prepared by employing hydrophilic aliphatic polyisocyanate (HAPI) as the reactive component, to react with Laponite and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). FT-IR spectra suggested that HAPI reacted with Laponite and PVA at ambient temperature rapidly. Ellipsometry measurement showed that the film thickness was in linear growth. The influences of HAPI on the optical, mechanical and thermal properties of the films were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, tensile stress measurement, DSC and TGA. The obtained results showed that the optical transmittance and mechanical strength were enhanced when the film components were covalently bonded by HAPI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 545-551 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]