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INTRODUCTION: The association of testosterone and cognitive decline is inconclusive, and its joint effect with neurofilaments light chain (NfL) remains largely unknown. METHODS: A total of 581 non‐demented older men in the Shanghai Aging Study were included. Blood total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and NfL were measured at baseline. The relationships between TT, FT, TT/FT‐NfL, and cognitive decline were explored by Cox regression models. RESULTS: During a median follow‐up of 6.7 years, there was an inverse association between TT/FT and cognitive decline (TT, trend p = 0.004, Q1 vs Q4, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60 to 12.04; FT, trend p = 0.002, Q1 vs Q4, HR = 5.29, 95% CI = 1.50 to 16.89). Compared to participants with high TT/FT‐low NfL, those with low TT/FT‐high NfL had significantly higher risks of cognitive decline (TT, HR = 5.10, 95% CI = 1.11 to 23.40; FT, HR = 6.14, 95% CI = 1.34 to 28.06). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that the combination of testosterone and neurodegenerative markers may provide reliable predictive insights into future cognitive decline. Highlights: Testosterone is inversely associated with cognitive decline in older men.There is a joint effect of testosterone and NfL on cognitive decline.Sex hormone and neurodegeneration may synergistically contribute to cognitive deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new biphase tandem redox electrolyte system is designed by immobilizing imidazolium iodide on Co, N‐doped carbon electrode in conjunction with polysulfide redox mediator in aqueous solution. Due to its biphasic feature, this redox system is enabled to separate the redox reactions in different phases, and hence, prevent the intertwined problem of redox reactions that occurred in one‐phase tandem redox system. Investigations show that the biphase redox system can efficiently accelerate electron reduction, and thereby inhibit charge recombination. Consequently, quantum dot (QD)‐sensitized solar cell fabricates using this biphase tandem redox together with CdSe QD‐sensitized photoanode achieved a high cell efficiency of 6.85% at 100 mW cm2 simulated AM 1.5, showing about 33% increment as compared to the traditional pure polysulfide‐based device (5.14%). The encouraging results indicate that the utilization of biphase tandem electrolytes can be an efficient way to improve the performance of sensitized solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Blood biomarkers showed values for predicting future cognitive impairment. Evidence from the community‐based cohort was limited only in high‐income countries. METHODS: This study included 1857 dementia‐free community residents recruited in 2009–2011 and followed up in waves 2014–2016 and 2019–2023 in the Shanghai Aging Study. We intended to explore the relationships of baseline plasma ALZpath phosphorylated tau 217 (p‐tau217), p‐tau181, neurofilament light chain (NfL) with follow‐up incident dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyloidosis. RESULTS: Higher concentrations of plasma p‐tau217, p‐tau181, and NfL were correlated to higher decline speed of Mini‐Mental State Examination score, and higher risk of incident dementia and AD. The p‐tau217 demonstrated a significant correlation with longitudinal neocortical amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition (r = 0.57 [0.30, 0.76]) and a high accuracy differentiating Aβ+ from Aβ‐ at follow‐ups (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.821 [0.703, 0.940]). DISCUSSION: Plasma p‐tau217 may be an early predictive marker of AD and Aβ pathology in older community‐dwelling individuals. Highlights: Plasma p‐tau217, p‐tau181, and NfL were positively associated with long‐term cognitive decline and risk of incident dementia.Plasma p‐tau217 showed a better performance distinguishing Aβ+ individuals from Aβ‐ individuals at follow‐ups.Plasma NfL may be a suitable predictor of general cognitive decline in older community‐dwelling individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters in combination for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), and to explore the risk factors. Methods: Forty PFD patients treated from April2019to December 2020(case group) and another 40 healthy women (control group) were enrolled. Their clinical data were collected, and both groups received three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound of the pelvic floor. The diagnostic value of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters for PFD was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The risk factors of PFD were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the parameters in combination for predicting PFD were 0.851 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.743–0.959], 0.901, and 0.812, respectively, indicating acceptable accuracy. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that spontaneous delivery, lateral episiotomy/laceration, and large bladder neck rotation angle, posterior urethrovesical angle (PUA), bladder neck tilt angle, bladder neck distance (BND), levator hiatus area (LHA) (at anal contraction), R‐LHA and V‐LHA were risk factors for PFD (p < 0.05), while physical exercise was a protective factor (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the forest map model were 0.822 (95% CI: 0.759–0.885), 0.942, and 0.601, respectively, indicating acceptable accuracy of the model. Internal data validation of the model demonstrated consistence of the predicted occurrence of PFD with the actual one. Conclusions: Spontaneous delivery, lateral episiotomy/laceration, and large bladder neck rotation angle, PUA, bladder neck tilt angle, BND, LHA (at anal contraction), R‐LHA and V‐LHA were risk factors for PFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nondoped full‐exciplex approach is applied in white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). Both the blue emission and yellow emission are from exciplex, which makes it possible to exceed the 25% internal quantum efficiency limit of normal fluorescent OLEDs via reverse intersystem crossing from triplet to singlet states because of the small energy gap between them. White emission can be realized by simply stacking the blue and yellow exciplex materials because the same acceptor material is used in the emitting systems. And a two‐color WOLED with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.11% is demonstrated, exceeding the efficiencies of the exciplex‐based blue and yellow monochrome devices. The higher efficiency is attributed to redistribution of the exciplex excitons, which suppresses the exciton concentration quenching at the emission interface. By adopting a quantum‐well‐like structure, the EQE can be further improved. This approach sheds light on the simple fabrication of high‐efficiency WOLEDs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ is developed as a highly efficient and air‐stable solution‐processed electron injection layer (s‐EIL). The [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ film can be easily obtained by annealing a spin‐coated [Zn(HCOO)2(H2O)2]∞ film at 120 °C in air, which is facilely prepared by the reaction of ZnO powder with formic acid and the aqueous solution of ammonium. The un‐encapsulated electron‐only device with [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ as the s‐EIL exhibits significantly enhanced electrical property and air stability, compared to that with vacuum‐evaporated Cs2CO3 as EIL. Such improvements can also be observed in inverted organic light‐emitting diodes. The device with [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞ s‐EIL demonstrates an operating voltage of 6.8 V at 1000 cd m−2, much lower than that with Cs2CO3 EIL (8.4 V). And the power efficiency is increased about 18%. The enhanced electron injection property of [(H3O)Zn(HCOO)3]∞‐modified indium–tin oxide (ITO) is attributed to its reduced work function compared to bare ITO, which is confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. This approach is anticipated to be applied in other optoelectronic devices for efficient electron injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low response rate and adaptive resistance of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade demands the studies on novel therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. We discovered that a novel immune checkpoint TIGIT expressed higher than PD‐1 in many tumors especially anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumors. Here, mirror‐image phage display bio‐panning was performed using the d‐enantiomer of TIGIT synthesized by hydrazide‐based native chemical ligation. d‐peptide DTBP‐3 was identified, which could occupy the binding interface and effectively block the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand PVR. DTBP‐3 showed proteolytic resistance, tumor tissue penetrating ability, and significant tumor suppressing effects in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. More importantly, DTBP‐3 could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumor model. This is the first d‐peptide targeting TIGIT, which could serve as a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of ionic liquids (ILs), 1‐(3‐hexenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide and 1‐(3‐butenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide, are synthesized by introducing an unsaturated bond into the side alkyl chain of the imidazolium cation. These new ionic liquids exhibit high thermal stability and low viscosity (104 cP and 80 cP, respectively). The molecular dynamics simulation shows that the double bond introduced in the alkane chain greatly changes the molecular system space arrangement and diminishes the packing efficiency, leading to low viscosity. The low viscosity of the synthesized ionic liquids would enhance the diffusion of redox couples. This enhancement is detected by fabricating dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with electrolytes containing the two ILs and I2. The highest efficiency of DSSCs is 6.85 % for 1‐(3‐hexenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide and 5.93 % for 1‐(3‐butenyl)‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide electrolyte, which is much higher than that of 5.17 % with the counterpart 1‐hexyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Extremes of weather and climate can cause disasters such as floods and droughts. Further studies of precipitation extremes are crucial for enabling reliable projections of future changes. In this study, we used a high-resolution (0.5° × 0.5°) gridded precipitation data set to analyse these events across the 11 basins in China between 1961 and 2013 mainly by the Mann-Kendall and generalized extreme value methods. Our results indicated a wetter trend in the Tarim River Basin ( TRB) but drier conditions in the central Yangtze River Basin ( YRB), western Pearl River Basin and eastern Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin. There was an increasing risk of flooding in the mid-lower YRB and Minjiang River Basin ( MRB), and an increasing risk of drought in the central Lantsang River Basin. The results revealed strengthened maximum 1-day precipitation ( RX1DAY) in the Liaohe River Basin ( LB), YRB, MRB and TRB, together with strengthened maximum 5-day precipitation ( RX5DAY) in the Songhua River Basin, MRB and TRB during 1987-2013. RX1DAY and RX5DAY for return periods of 20 and 50 years gradually decreased from southeast to northwest. Along the south-eastern coastline of the Mainland and on Hainan Island, the RX1DAY for the 20- and 50-year return periods would exceed 165 and 195 mm, respectively, whereas the RX5DAY would exceed 270 and 320 mm for the same return periods. Furthermore, summer Southern Oscillation Index ( SOI) positively impacted precipitation extremes in the Yellow River Basin and YRB, and autumn SOI negatively impacted the extremes of the next year in LB and YRB, while winter SOI negatively impacted the extremes of the next year in YRB. Additionally, the East Asia summer monsoon ( EASM) and the South Asia summer monsoon ( SASM) were both associated with precipitation extremes across China; however, EASM contributed more to these events than did the SASM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]