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The article discusses a study on the development of microsatellite markers for Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai through constructing microsatellite-enriched libraries. It describes the methods used to construct two microsatellite-enriched libraries. Temperature gradient thermal cycler was used in annealing temperature for each primer pair. It is concluded that the microsatellite markers developed provide a useful tool for linkage map construction and QLT mapping for the Pacific abalone.

Marine scallops are sessile as adult but have a long planktonic larval phase showing great possibility to migrate in marine realm lacking of obvious barriers. Genetic analysis of scallop embryos/larvae based on molecular markers is very essential to clarify the spatial and temporal gene flow and the unique population and community structure. However, the technical challenges, such as single embryos/larvae isolation and low quantity and poor quality of DNA extracted, make genotyping for a single embryo/larva long preserved in ethanol to be a really difficult task. In this study, we analysed the factors that might affect the DNA quantity and quality for simple sequence repeat-based genotyping for single embryos/larvae. Based on the factors analysed, we developed a LoTEPA buffer-based method, of which the accuracy, stability and reproducibility were evaluated by controlled inter- and intraspecies and self-fertilized scallop families. The genotyping results showed the high success rate of more than 90% in total for embryos/larvae preserved in ethanol for 1–5 years. Furthermore, the successful genotyping for the larvae sampled from a natural habitat well demonstrated the potential use of this method in practical ecological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We isolated and characterized 150 novel microsatellite markers of Zhikong scallop ( Chlamys farreri) from three simple sequence repeat-enriched libraries constructed with (GA)15 and (CA)15. The polymorphism was assessed with 48 individuals, and the result showed the number of allele ranged from two to 30, with an average of 8.4 alleles/locus. The values of observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0791 to 0.9878 and from 0 to 1.0000, respectively. Sixty-five loci showed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and 14 locus pairs displayed linkage disequilibrium. These markers are therefore potentially useful for conservation studies, population structure assessment, ecological analyses and linkage map construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple sequence repeat-enriched library screening and expressed sequence tag database mining were adopted to develop microsatellite markers for sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus). Eighty-three microsatellite loci were selected for polymorphism assessment using 48 individuals. The results showed that 45 novel loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles ranged from two to 16, and the values of observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0 to 0.9375 and from 0.1135 to 0.9674, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was found and 26 loci conformed to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These markers are therefore a potential tool for studies in the population structure and linkage map construction for A. japonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of creating enriched microsatellite libraries can supply an abundant source of microsatellite sequences at a considerably reduced cost. Here we report the development of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, using enrichment protocol. Polymorphism was assessed in a sample of hatchery population ( n = 38) revealing three to seven alleles per locus. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.198 to 0.813 and from 0.083 to 0.833, respectively. These markers will be useful for genetic variation monitoring and parentage analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primers flanking 22 microsatellites isolated from a genomic library enriched for (CA) n and (GA) n were designed in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis. Ten primer pairs provided clear and polymorphic amplification products. Based on characterization with 48 individuals, the number of alleles ranged from three to six. The values of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity varied from 0 to 0.88 and from 0.29 to 0.76, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was found and six of 10 loci conformed to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These markers are therefore potentially useful for studies of the population structure of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colony hybridization method was presented for isolating microsatellite markers in Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri. We designed primers to amplify 26 unique microsatellites. Fourteen primer pairs amplified clearly and were polymorphic. Based on characterization with 60 unrelated individuals, the number of alleles ranges from two to 13, and the expected heterozygosity ranges from 0.22 to 0.91. These markers have the potential for genetic studies in population structure and intraspecific variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]