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Telomere length is closely linked to biological aging, oxidative stress, and the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in individuals with hypertension. Data on dietary selenium intake were captured through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) computer‐assisted dietary interview system (CADI). Telomere length determination entailed selecting blood samples from all participants in the NHANES database. The analysis was performed using Analysis System software, with Empower stats utilized for data analysis. Results showed that there was a significant association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension, particularly within the female group. In female hypertension cases, a 1 mcg increase in dietary selenium intake corresponded to a telomere length increase of 1.19 bp, even after adjusting for age, race, BMI, marital status, physical activity, energy intake, and stroke history. The relationship between dietary selenium intake and telomere length exhibited a linear pattern in female hypertension patients. This study identified a positive association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in hypertension, particularly within the female group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of music on heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) after intense exertion. Methods: Five hundred male students enrolled at Yongin University, Korea, underwent a cycling test to assess aerobic capacity; 180 students with equal scores were selected for a music intervention, which was conducted after vigorous exercise. The 180 participants were randomized into three music groups and a control group; the participants in each music group listened to music at three different tempos: slow (lento) (n = 45), moderate (moderato) (n = 45), and fast (allegretto) (n = 45). The control group did not listen to music (n = 45). After the test, data on cardiac recovery and HRV were gathered and modeled. Results: The results revealed no significant variation in HRR and HRV indexes between the four cohorts (p >.05), and no significant differences were observed in the anaerobic power cycling indexes during strenuous exercise (p >.05). The music intervention had a significant impact on HR, low‐frequency power (LF), high‐frequency power (HF), normalized LF (LFnorm), normalized HF (HFnorm), and the LF/HF ratio during recovery (p <.05). Conclusion: After rigorous activity, listening to allegretto music improved HRR and restored HRV equilibrium, which is critical to preventing and minimizing arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eukaryotic organisms adapt to environmental fluctuations by altering their epigenomic landscapes and transcriptional programs. Nucleosomal histones carry vital epigenetic information and regulate gene expression, yet the mechanisms underlying chromatin‐bound histone exchange remain elusive. Here, we found that histone H2Bs are globally degraded in Caenorhabditis elegans during starvation. Our genetic screens identified mutations in ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐related enzymes that block H2B degradation in starved animals, identifying lysine 31 as the crucial residue for chromatin‐bound H2B ubiquitination and elimination. Retention of aberrant nucleosomal H2B increased the association of the FOXO transcription factor DAF‐16 with chromatin, generating an ectopic gene expression profile detrimental to animal viability when insulin/IGF signaling was reduced in well‐fed animals. Furthermore, we show that the ubiquitin‐proteasome system regulates chromosomal histone turnover in human cells. During larval development, C. elegans epidermal cells undergo H2B turnover after fusing with the epithelial syncytium. Thus, histone degradation may be a widespread mechanism governing dynamic changes of the epigenome. Synopsis: The exchange of histones and their variants within nucleosomes plays a crucial role in modulating the epigenome and gene expression. This study shows that ubiquitin‐dependent histone H2B exchange and degradation are crucial in determining C. elegans diapause by regulating the transcriptional activity of DAF‐16/FoxO.Histone H2B undergoes global exchange and degradation during development and starvation in C. elegans.The components of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS), including ubiquitin/UBQ‐1, E1/UBA‐1, E2/UBC‐20, and E3/HECD‐1, regulate H2B exchange and degradation by ubiquitinating H2B at lysine 31.Disruption of H2B exchange and degradation enhances the binding of DAF‐16/FoxO to chromatin, resulting in aberrant activation or suppression of target genes, and ultimately leading to larval death.Ubiquitin‐dependent histone H2B exchange and degradation are conserved in mammalian cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) have highly conjugated π electron systems and metal atoms acting as active centers, and so exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, these complexes also tend to undergo aggregation and exhibit poor electrical conductivity and minimal durability, all of which hinder their large‐scale industrial applications. In the present study, iron phthalocyanine (FePc) is applied to hollow carbon shells (HCSs) to generate an ORR catalyst containing single Fe atoms(HCS‐O‐FePc). The HCSs have numerous N/O‐based surface functional groups that promote the formation of Fe−O bonds with the FePc held in an axial coordination position. These axial Fe−O bonds disrupt the electron symmetry in the plane of the FePc molecules, which facilitate electron transfer. 1100HCS‐O‐FePc exhibits an onset potential of 0.98 V (vs RHE), a half‐wave potential of 0.91 V (vs RHE), an electron transfer number of 3.90, and durability better than that of a 20 % commercial Pt/C catalyst. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that the ORR process over this material likely proceeds via a rapid 2+2 electron mechanism. This composite displays excellent oxygen reduction properties and is a promising alternative to Pt‐based ORR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo‐driven nitrogen fixation is regarded as a promising sustainable strategy to generate low‐concentration NH3/NH4+. Insoluble SiW11Fe@δ‐Bi2O3 with "core–shell" structure and Z‐scheme featured heterojunction is constructed under solvothermal conditions. Chemisorption of nitrogen improves significantly due to increased oxygen vacancies on δ‐Bi2O3 as induced by insoluble SiW11Fe salt. Z‐scheme heterojunction is suggested according to energy diagram analyses and electron paramagnetic resonance spin‐trapping experiments, which can be well correlated to enhanced transient photocurrent and catalytic efficacy. [Ru(bpy)3]2+ counter ion in the composite acts as a photosensitizer, leading to improved light harvesting. These merits account for superior performance of Ru2.5SiW11Fe@δ‐Bi2O3. NH3/NH4+ production rate of 121 µmol gcat−1 h−1 is achieved under simulated sunlight irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere, but reduces on switching to air. The impact of oxygen over nitrogen reduction is investigated, and productions of both NH3/NH4+ and H2O2 are evaluated when using gas mixture feedstock with different V(N2):V(O2) ratios. The performance of nitrogen reduction depends mainly on its volume ratio in mixture feedstock, in addition to reduction capability of photocatalyst. By reducing the latter one appropriately, nitrogen reduction would be slightly favored when using air as feedstock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the most critical component of global carbon cycle in grassland ecosystems. There has been growing interest in understanding SOC dynamics and driving forces of grassland biomes at various temporal and spatial scales. Up to now, estimates of long‐term and large‐scale changes in SOC of grassland biomes have been mostly based on modeling approaches and manipulative experiments, rather than direct measurements. During 2007–2011, we repeated 141 soil profiles of the sampling in 1963–1964 (up to 1‐m depth) to quantify the long‐term changes of SOC storage in the major grassland types of Inner Mongolia in order to tease apart the relative contributions of climate change and grazing. We found that SOC decreased in all soil types, except in the eolian sandy soils, from 1963 to 2007, with an average reduction rate of 1.8 kg C m−2 (~22.9% or 0.52% year−1) in the grassland biome of Inner Mongolia. We quantitatively clustered the soils into four groups using principal component analysis (PCA) and detected clear spatial dependency of the changes on climate and grazing. The climate change was responsible for 15.3–34.9% of the total SOC variations, whereas grazing intensity accounted for <9.5% of the changes. Our findings indicated that climate change, rather than grazing, was the primary forcing for the changes in SOC of Inner Mongolia grasslands. We presume that other driving forces, such as changes in nongrazing‐resultant wind erosion and atmospheric nitrogen deposition, might have played a role albeit their effects need to be further examined. Key Points: SOC decreased at an average rate of 0.52% year−1 in the grassland biome of Inner MongoliaClimate change rather than grazing was the major contributor to long‐term soil carbon losses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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