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Numerous literatures have shown the advantages of Pickering emulsion (PE) for the delivery of bioactive ingredients in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics, among others. On this basis, the multi‐loading mode of bioactives (internal phase encapsulation and/or loading at the interface) in small molecular bioactives nanocrystal‐stabilized PE (BNC‐PE) enables them higher loading efficiencies, controlled release, and synergistic or superimposed effects. Therefore, BNC‐PE offers an efficacious delivery system. In this review, we briefly summarize BNC‐PE fabrication and characterization, with a focus on the processes of possible evolution and absorption of differentially applied BNC‐PE when interacting with the body. In addition, methods of monitoring changes and absorption of BNC‐PE in vivo, from the nanomaterial perspective, are also introduced. The purpose of this review is to provide an accessible and comprehensive methodology for the characterization and evaluation of BNC‐PE after formulation and preparation, especially in relation to biological assessment and detailed mechanisms throughout the absorption process of BNC‐PE in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To simulate the condition of unstable rock formation in the stable rock formation of the roadway roof, the complete and broken rock formations on the roadway roof were simulated by superimposing and combining complete specimens and broken specimens, hence providing an appropriate way to obtain the drilling vibration signals to find regular patterns which can be used to judge the state of the rock layers. The Fourier transform analysis method and the wavelet transform analysis method are, respectively, used for the vibration signals to extract the eigenvalues of the vibration signals that are quite different in the complete layer and broken layers. Effective values, kurtosis factor, pulse factors, and gravity amplitude were used to construct the eigenvectors, which were most suitable as the basis for judging the integrity of rock formation after analysis, providing an effective way to deal with drilling signal. The wavelet threshold denoising could adaptively reduce the noise of the signals, and the unbiased likelihood estimation threshold rule had the best denoising effect. Well, through the extraction and comparison of the wavelet feature-scale entropy values, it is concluded that the wavelet analysis can be used as a reference rather than a decisive factor to determine the complete and broken layers. And more research is needed to determine the selection method of wavelet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furfural residue (FR) is utilized directly for bioethanol production without any pretreatment and detoxification. With only 10 FPU g−1 cellulase loading, the glucose yield of FR reached 86.4, 84.6 and 80.5% at solid loadings of 2, 10 and 20%, respectively. When FR is directly used for fermentation, the terminal ethanol concentration achieved at 41 and 57 g L−1 at solid loadings of 20% and 30% (w v−1), respectively. Washing with water enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of FR. The terminal ethanol of furfural residue washed by 5 times water (WFR‐5) was 48 and 66 g L−1, higher than that from FR. The enhancement is mainly due to the removal of chemical inhibitors and increase of specific surface area. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that FR contained fragmental structure, coarse surface and porous areas. Therefore, FR substrates represented good cellulase accessibility. It indicated that FR could be directly used for glucose and ethanol production without any further treatment. In addition, the quasi‐simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and combined fermentation (Q‐SSF) residues are characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]