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Biomacromolecular networks, crucial components of biological systems, are of great importance in biological and nanomedical science, in which the interfaces between nanoparticle and macromolecular networks are intriguing and drawing great attention. Herein, this review seeks to present the state‐of‐art progress and perspective of the dynamic behaviors, confinement and entropy at the nanoparticle‐biomacromolecular network interfaces. The basic biomacromolecular networks in living systems, recent research on networks with dynamic bonds and various diffusion behaviors of nanoparticles within biomacromolecular networks are summarized. In particular, entropic effects in the confined environments of biological networks are discussed, along with how they impact the mechanical properties and dynamical behaviors. The interesting research and findings included in this review might offer the scientific community a better understanding of how this field has developed thus far, and are anticipated to trigger more systematic and fundamental research to elucidate the underlying physics and broaden the potential applications of macromolecular networks, biological and artificial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural networks depend on deep network architectures to extract accurate information for image super‐resolution. However, obtained information of these convolutional neural networks cannot completely express predicted high‐quality images for complex scenes. A dynamic network for image super‐resolution (DSRNet) is presented, which contains a residual enhancement block, wide enhancement block, feature refinement block and construction block. The residual enhancement block is composed of a residual enhanced architecture to facilitate hierarchical features for image super‐resolution. To enhance robustness of obtained super‐resolution model for complex scenes, a wide enhancement block achieves a dynamic architecture to learn more robust information to enhance applicability of an obtained super‐resolution model for varying scenes. To prevent interference of components in a wide enhancement block, a refinement block utilises a stacked architecture to accurately learn obtained features. Also, a residual learning operation is embedded in the refinement block to prevent long‐term dependency problem. Finally, a construction block is responsible for reconstructing high‐quality images. Designed heterogeneous architecture can not only facilitate richer structural information, but also be lightweight, which is suitable for mobile digital devices. Experimental results show that our method is more competitive in terms of performance, recovering time of image super‐resolution and complexity. The code of DSRNet can be obtained at https://github.com/hellloxiaotian/DSRNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding optical properties. However, perovskite quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (Pe‐QLEDs) still face challenges related to their fluorescence efficiency and electron injection. First, the electron transport layer (ETL) leads to severe non‐radiative recombination due to fluorescence quenching in CsPbI3 QDs. Second, there is an electron injection imbalance resulting from low electron injection efficiency, leading to reduced non‐radiative recombination and external quantum efficiency. To address these issues, this study introduces two interface layer materials with different electron affinities, 1,3,5‐Tris(3‐pyridyl‐3‐phenyl)benzene (TmPyPB) and 2,4,6‐Tris(3′‐(pyridine‐3‐yl)biphenyl‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TmPPPyTz). These materials not only passivated defects on the surface of CsPbI3 QDs films but also effectively prevented the fluorescence quenching of CsPbI3 QDs by the PO‐T2T (ETL). TmPPPyTz, with a relatively lower LUMO energy level, further improved energy level matching, significantly enhancing electron injection efficiency. Ultimately, using interface engineering with the TmPPPyTz interface layer, the devices achieved an outstanding 25.80% champion‐level external quantum efficiency (EQE) for Pe‐QLEDs with only a sub‐bandgap voltage of 1.7 V and half‐life (T50) is 17.99 h at 100 nits. This research provided an effective method to enhance the performance of CsPbI3 Pe‐QLEDs, addressing long‐standing issues inhibiting their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid lead halide perovskites have generated increasing attention for their high performance in optoelectronic applications. One main drawback of these materials is the sensitivity to moisture, which contributes heavily to the ultimate decomposition. Here, this study takes advantage of the reported representative white‐light emitting lead bromide perovskite and three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite as the subject of water‐stability study. It is reported here that other than observed phase transformation in one case, the majority of these perovskites break down in water rapidly, precipitating out as an inorganic salt compound Pb3Br6[H2O]·H2O. As these materials are studied in detail, it is discovered that better coverage of the hydrophobic organic cation enhances the water stability. Taking this idea further, it is demonstrated here that five new one‐dimensional (1D) lead bromide compounds have superior water stability, where the longest stability when completely immersed in water is more than one year and counting. This work provides a new mechanism regarding the degradation process when encountering moisture and general guidelines to increase the water stability for the lead bromide hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core–shell perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications due to their unique properties and stability. Although much research has been conducted on the shell growth mechanism and properties of the core–shell NCs, little is known about the role of shell thickness in determining their optical properties. Herein, a heteroepitaxial method is employed to prepare a series of core–shell FAPbBr3/CsPbBr3 NCs with different shell thicknesses. Through temperature‐dependent photoluminescence measurement, it is found that the electronic structure of core–shell FAPbBr3/CsPbBr3 NCs evolves from quasi‐type‐II to type‐I with the increase in shell thickness. This abnormal transition can be attributed to the thickened gradient alloy layer FA1‐xCsxPbBr3, which effectively relieves the lattice mismatch and releases strain in the NCs, resulting in variations in the bandgap between the core and the shell. Furthermore, the biexciton Auger lifetimes in these samples exhibit a non‐monotonic dependence on shell thickness, indicating the electronic structure transition. These results provide valuable insights into the relationship between shell thickness, electronic structure, and optical properties in core–shell perovskite NCs, which may offer guidance for the design of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite nanocrystals for light‐emitting diodes are often synthesized by uncontrollable metathesis reactions, suffering from low product yield, nonuniform growth, and poor stability. Herein, by controlling the nucleation kinetics with high dissociation constant (Ka or Kb) acids or bases, homogenous one‐route nucleation of perovskite nanocrystals is achieved as the cluster intermediates are eliminated. The stable, shape uniform, and narrow size distribution green nanocrystals are synthesized. The perovskite nanocrystal film exhibites excellent stability in 80% humidity air with only a 10% photoluminescence intensity drop after 16 h. Efficient and stable electroluminescence is demonstrated with an FWHM of 16 nm at 517 nm. The green devices shows a peak EQE of 24.13% with a lifetime T50 of 54 min at 10 000 cd m−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral hybrid Cu(I)‐based iodides with d10 closed shell demonstrate great potential for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) because of high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, by incorporating mono‐ or bi‐dentate coordination mode ligands as chiral source, the self‐assembly of four pairs of chiral hybrid Cu(I)‐based iodides, namely, (R/S)‐Cu4I4(Hmpy)4·H2O (R/S‐1), (R/S)‐Cu4I4(3Hpy)4 (R/S‐2), (R/S)‐Cu4I4(2MePI)4 (R/S‐3), and (R/S)‐Cu4I4(3AD)4 (R/S‐4) (where R/S‐Hmpy = R/S‐2‐pyrrolidinemethanol, R/S‐3Hpy = R/S‐3‐hydroxypyrrolidine, R/S‐2MePI = R/S‐2‐methylpiperazine, and R/S‐3AD = R/S‐3‐aminopiperidine), are reported. With the monodentate and bidentate ligands, these materials belong to two different structural types: 0D molecular clusters (R/S‐1, R/S‐2) and 3D porous metal–organic frameworks (R/S‐3, R/S‐4). These materials all crystallize in non‐centrosymmetric space groups containing similar basic Cu4I4 cubane tetramer building units but with different coordination modes. They are also semiconductors, with optical bandgaps ranging from 2.70 to 2.94 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emissions are further characterized, where the highest PLQY of ≈95% and CPL dissymmetry factor (glum) of ≈7 × 10−3 are achieved in R/S‐1. This work offers a systematic comparison between different structural types with similar building blocks, bridging by the flexible chiral ligands, and shows that the hybrid copper iodides are highly promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronics and chiroptics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent detrimental risk factor for tumor recurrence and poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play a pivotal role in the modulation of carcinogenesis and progression among diverse tumor types. However, whether the ceRNA mechanisms are engaged in promoting the MVI process in patients with HCC remains unknown. Methods: A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed based on RNA‐seq data of patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In total, 10 hub genes of the ceRNA network were identified using four algorithms: "MCC," "Degree," "Betweenness," and "Stress." Transcriptional expressions were verified by in situ hybridization using clinical samples. Interactions between ceRNA modules were validated by luciferase reporting assay. Logistic regression analysis, correlation analysis, enrichment analysis, promoter region analysis, methylation analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were performed to further investigate the molecular mechanisms and clinical transformation value. Results: The ceRNA regulatory network featuring a tumor invasion phenotype consisting of 3 long noncoding RNAs, 3 microRNAs, and 93 mRNAs was constructed using transcriptional data from the TCGA database. Systemic analysis and experimentally validation identified a ceRNA network (PVT1/miR‐1258/DUSP13 axis) characterized by lipid regulatory potential, immune properties, and abnormal methylation states in patients with HCC and MVI. Meanwhile, 28 transcriptional factors were identified as potential promotors of PVT1 with 3 transcriptional factors MXD3, ZNF580, and KDM1A promising as therapeutic targets in patients with HCC and MVI. Furthermore, miR‐1258 was an independent predictor for MVI in patients with HCC. Conclusion: The PVT1/DUSP13 axis is significantly associated with MVI progression in HCC patients. This study provides new insight into mechanisms related to lipids, immune phenotypes, and abnormal epigenetics in oncology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic–inorganic antimony halides have attracted increasing attention due to the non‐toxicity, stability, and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). To shed light on the structural factors that contribute to the high PLQY, five pairs of antimony halides with general formula A2SbCl5 and A2Sb2Cl8 are synthesized via two distinct methods and characterized. The A2SbCl5 type adopts square pyramidal [SbCl5] geometry with near‐unity PLQY, while the A2Sb2Cl8 adopts seesaw dimmer [Sb2Cl8] geometry with PLQY≈0 %. Through combined data analysis with the literature, we have found that A2SbCl5 series with square pyramidal geometry generally has much longer Sb⋅⋅⋅Sb distances, leading to more expressed lone pairs of SbIII. Additional factors including Sb−Cl distance and stability of antimony chlorides may also affect PLQY. Our targeted synthesis and correlated insights provide efficient tools to precisely form highly emissive materials for optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have received extensive attention for next‐generation thin film devices due to their excellent optical properties, such as strong light absorption, high carrier mobility, and defect tolerance. However, significant challenges remain to obtain high‐quality perovskite thin films. Herein, a simple but effective post‐treatment by laser irradiation for CsPbBr3 NCs thin films is reported. Laser‐induced secondary crystallization is observed in CsPbBr3 NCs thin films after treatment. In addition, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with a low threshold (5.6 µJ cm−2) and a high gain value (743 cm–1) is achieved. Based on optical measurements, it is attributed to the low defect density, reduced Auger recombination, and weak exciton–phonon interactions, which greatly suppress the nonradiative recombination channels. The ASE from the film after treatment has a high characteristic temperature (134 K), showing a stable optical gain performance that maintains its intensity for 35 h at room temperature (and 12 h at 40 °C). Finally, the proof‐of‐concept demonstration of graphic coding is shown. This study deepens the understanding of the optical gain mechanism of CsPbBr3 perovskite films and provides a simple and convenient laser treatment that enables the fabrication of high‐quality CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra‐sensitive optical humidity sensors based on nanomaterials play important roles in the fields of science and industry. The related research has been reported, however, the underlying physical mechanism is still unclear. In order to clarify this point, and further improve the sensing performance, herein, optical humidity sensor based on porous silica/quantum dots (PS/QDs) hybrid nanoarchitecture has been developed. PS is selected to enhance emission of QDs due to its large surface roughness, which can improve light utilization. Under optimized conditions, the emission from the hybrid PS/QDs can be enhanced 6.5 times compared with the as‐grown QDs. With the increase of relative humidity from 20% to 80%, the hybrid PS/QDs demonstrate excellent response, wide sensing range, fast response time (22–40 s), good selectivity, and repeatability. Based on laser spectroscopy, the sensing mechanism is ascribed to the passivation of the surface defects by water molecules, which results in enhanced emission. This work provides a simple and low‐cost method to fabricate humidity sensors and shows promising applications in environmental detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularly polarized luminescent inorganics arouses attentions due to scalable preparation and versatile chiral optoelectronic applications. Here, strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity has been developed from self‐assembled cellulose nanocrystals decorated with blue emitting silicon quantum dots (QDs). The electrostatic attraction promotes the successful incorporation of QDs into chiral template matrix to form homogeneous hybrid nanoarchitecture films. It is found that their circular dichroism behaviors are closely related to the photonic band gap (PBG) while the CPL behaviors are determined by the QDs and PBG simultaneously. Furthermore, the as‐prepared chiral composite thin films have been employed as an efficient circularly polarized light source for preparing enantioselective polymer, which can induce chirality and photopolymerization simultaneously. Such strong CPL activity in nanoarchitecture films is highly promising for future inorganic optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Donor shortage has become worldwide limitation in liver transplantation (LT). Use of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) donors could be an alternative source of donor organs. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of LT using HBsAg+ liver grafts and associated long‐term outcome. Methods: This was a retrospective study of adults LT registered in the database of the China Liver Transplant Registry between January 2015 and September 2018. By propensity score matching (1:1), 503 eligible patients who received HBsAg+ liver grafts were compared with 503 matched patients who received HBsAg− liver grafts. Results: The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year patient survival rates were 81.52%, 72.04%, and 66.65% in HBsAg+ donor group, which were comparable with 83.93%, 77.27%, and 65.73% in HBsAg− donor group (P = 0.222). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year graft survival rates were also comparable between the two groups (81.49%, 71.45%, and 67.26% vs 83.62%, 77.11%, and 65.81%, respectively, P = 0.243). Most main complications were not increased in HBsAg+ donor group except for the retaining of HBsAg positivity after LT. Furthermore, transplanting HBsAg+ liver grafts did not result in inferior outcomes either in HBsAg+ or HBsAg− recipients. The risk of tumor recurrence after LT was not increased in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Conclusions: The outcomes of using HBsAg+ liver grafts were comparable with those of HBsAg− liver grafts. Our study provided strong evidence for the safe use of HBsAg+ grafts in LT to expand the donor liver pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a technical paper titled "Efficient Perovskite quantum dots Light Emitting Diodes." It discusses the use of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the challenges faced in their practical applications. The paper presents a new strategy of proton-prompted short-chain ligand exchange in the synthesis of CsPbI3 QDs and the design of interface layers with high electron affinity. These approaches result in improved device performance, with a champion-level external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.80% achieved. This study represents the highest reported performance for pure red perovskite quantum dot LEDs to date. [Extracted from the article]

Photocatalytic evolution of hydrogen and oxygen from water splitting over semiconductors is an efficient method for solar energy conversion. In this study, the 2D/2D BiVO4−CdS heterostructures with Ti3C2Tx (Tx=O, OH, F) as a co‐catalyst were synthesized by two steps as the visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts. Compared with BiVO4 and CdS, the heterostructured catalysis exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen production performances and excellent photodegradation and photoreduction activities of methylene blue (MB) and potassium dichromate Cr(VI), respectively. The remarkable enhancement is attributed to the proposed Z‐scheme carrier transfer derived from the 2D/2D BiVO4−CdS heterostructures. Charge separation and transfer of photoexcited electrons and holes pairs are further enhanced after loading Ti3C2Tx in the BiVO4−CdS heterostructures. The potential Z‐scheme photocatalytic system and co‐catalyst endows the BiVO4−CdS−Ti3C2Tx heterostructures with strong photo‐redox capacity and excellent stability in solar energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has recently been identified as a highly efficient catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) reaction, the reaction mechanisms, especially regarding radical chemistry of this system, remain elusive. Now, the first direct experimental evidence of gas‐phase methyl radicals (CH3.) in the ODHP reaction over boron‐based catalysts is achieved by using online synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectroscopy (SVUV‐PIMS), which uncovers the existence of gas‐phase radical pathways. Combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the results demonstrate that propene is mainly generated on the catalyst surface from the C−H activation of propane, while C2 and C1 products can be formed via both surface‐mediated and gas‐phase pathways. These observations provide new insights towards understanding the ODHP reaction mechanisms over boron‐based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of death after liver transplantation (LT). We aim to evaluate the association of donor and recipient single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of HCC recurrence after LT. A total of 155 adult patients who underwent primary LT for HCC were enrolled. Ten SNPs associated with HCC susceptibility were genotyped. Patients who received donor livers with the rs11614913 homozygous CC variant presented significantly higher recurrence rates of HCC (41.7 vs. 15.3%, p50.009) and lower cumulative tumor-free survival (p50.005) than those who received TT wild-type donor livers. The donor rs11614913 genetic variant was an independent risk factor for HCC recurrence (odds ratio52 per each C allele, p < 0.05) and could significantly improve the predictive abilities of clinical models (Milan, UCSF and Hangzhou criteria). Donor livers homozygous for rs11614913 CC were associated with a higher miR-196a expression than TT (p50.002). In a lentiviral infection of mouse liver and orthotopic mouse model of HCC, the liver miR-196a overexpression group showed a significantly larger tumor size than the control group (p50.001). There is a close association between the tumor size and expression of miR-196a in the liver (r50.693, p50.001). In conclusion, the donor miR-196a-2 rs11614913 polymorphism is associated with HCC recurrence after LT and improves the predictive value of clinical models. The overexpression of miR-196a in the liver might provide a tumor-favorable environment for the development of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Our previous proteomic research found that chloride intracellular channel 1 ( CLIC1) was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) tissues with portal vein tumor thrombus. The present study aimed to determine the role of CLIC1 in HCC invasion. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to explore protein expression of CLIC1 in 15 cirrhotic tissues and 69 pairs of HCC and paracarcinoma tissues. Small interfering RNA ( siRNA) and plasmids were transfected into HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells, and the in vitro function of CLIC1 in these cells were assessed with cell counting kit-8 assays, cell apoptosis assays, scratch assays, and transwell assays. Microarray analysis was also performed to further explore the candidate genes related to CLIC1. Results Our results confirmed that upregulated CLIC1 expression was significantly correlated with vascular invasion ( P = 0.034) in HCC tissues. Knockdown of CLIC1 decreased cell viability and the invasive potency of HepG2 cells, whereas CLIC1 overexpression resulted in an opposite effect in SMMC7721 cells. Microarray analysis identified 618 genes that were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05) between HepG2 cells transfected with CLIC1 siRNA and the negative control. Further studies indicate that knockdown of CLIC1 increased maspin expression and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF), matrixmetalloproteinase-2 ( MMP2), MMP9, MMP11, and MMP12 expression. In contrast, overexpression of CLIC1 decreased maspin expression and increased VEGF, MMP2, MMP12, and MMP13 expression. Conclusions CLIC1 protein expression is significantly correlated with vascular invasion, and the present study suggests a previously unknown mechanism of CLIC1-mediated control of HCC invasiveness by targeting maspin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titelbild: Radical Chemistry and Reaction Mechanisms of Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Hexagonal Boron Nitride Catalysts (Angew. Keywords: hexagonal boron nitride; mass spectrometry; methyl radicals; oxidative dehydrogenation; reaction pathways EN hexagonal boron nitride mass spectrometry methyl radicals oxidative dehydrogenation reaction pathways 8045 8045 1 05/13/20 20200518 NES 200518 B Hexagonales Bornitrid b ist ein vielversprechender Katalysator für die oxidative Dehydrierung (ODH) von Alkanen zu Olefinen mit hoher Selektivität und Aktivität. Hexagonal boron nitride, mass spectrometry, methyl radicals, oxidative dehydrogenation, reaction pathways. [Extracted from the article]