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Single‐atom catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional atom utilization and unique properties. However, the practical application of these catalysts is often impeded by challenges such as sintering‐induced instability and poisoning of isolated atoms due to strong gas adsorption. In this study, we employed the mechanochemical method to insert single Cu atoms into the subsurface of Fe2O3 support. By manipulating the location of single atoms at the surface or subsurface, catalysts with distinct adsorption properties and reaction mechanisms can be achieved. It was observed that the subsurface Cu single atoms in Fe2O3 remained isolated under both oxidation and reduction environments, whereas surface Cu single atoms on Fe2O3 experienced sintering under reduction conditions. The unique properties of these subsurface single‐atom catalysts call for innovations and new understandings in catalyst design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The particle size distribution (PSD) of eroded sediment can effectively reflect changes in erosion processes. Hedgerows provide significant soil and water conservation benefits and influence erosion processes. However, the impact of hedgerows on the PSD of eroded sediment remains unclear. Therefore, three slope conditions (control check, CK; only hedgerow root, R; and whole hedgerow, P) involving the configuration of two slope gradients (15 and 25°) were established, and simulated rainfall experiments were conducted under three rainfall intensities (60, 90, and 120 mm/h). The PSD, sediment sorting process, and sediment particle agglomeration degree under the different slope conditions were compared to evaluate the influence of hedgerows on the size selectivity of eroded sediment during water erosion. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of hedgerows on the sorting process and sediment particle agglomeration degree were revealed via correlation analysis and partial least squares path modelling (PLS–PM). Compared with those under CK slope conditions, the average clay, fine silt, and coarse silt contents under R slope conditions decreased by 1.37%, 0.06%, and 1.71%, respectively, whereas the sand content increased by 0.46%. Under P slope conditions, the average clay, fine silt, and coarse silt contents increased by 32.61%, 38.71%, and 36.14%, respectively, whereas the average sand content decreased by 47.30%. Under CK slope conditions, sediment sorting occurred primarily during the early stages of rainfall. R slope conditions caused an increase in the duration of early‐stage sediment sorting but caused a reduction in the degree of sorting, whereas P slope conditions exhibited interceptive sorting of sand throughout the rainfall event. Under R slope conditions, more aggregates were dispersed into individual particles due to raindrop impact, whereas under P slope conditions, more fine particles aggregated initially, but loose aggregates were dispersed into individual particles during the later rainfall stages. The enrichment rates of fine silt and coarse silt were positively correlated with slope conditions, whereas they were negatively correlated with the enrichment rate of sand. However, there was no significant relationship between the slope conditions and the aggregation rates of particles of various sizes. PLS–PM indicated that hedgerows directly and indirectly affect sorting processes and sediment particle agglomeration degree by regulating runoff and sediment erosion, and the direct effects exceed the indirect effects. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the influential mechanisms of hedgerows on controlling soil erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin dioxide (SnO2), one of the best electron transport layer materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), has high electrical conductivity and low photocatalytic activity. However, the defects in its inside and surface result in nonradiative recombination at the SnO2/perovskite interface. Complex and time‐consuming passivation methods are not conducive to the commercialization of PSCs, and simple passivation strategies should be used to improve the photovoltaic performance of the devices. Herein, a facile and efficient method is proposed to simultaneously passivate the inside and surface defects by adding histidine (HIS) to SnO2 colloidal solution. This one‐step doping strategy also modulates carrier dynamics at the SnO2/perovskite interface. HIS reduces suspended hydroxyl groups, oxygen vacancies, and uncoordinated Sn4+ defects on the surface of SnO2, as well as uncoordinated Pb2+ and halogen vacancy defects at the buried interface of perovskite. Surprisingly, HIS can prevent perovskite from decomposition to form PbI2, which further decomposes to photoactive metallic Pb0 and I, causing ion migration in PSC. As a result, the PSC efficiency has significantly improved 23.11% after HIS doping. The efficiency of unencapsulated device with HIS is 94% of the primary efficiency after storage in relative humidity = 70 ± 5% for 1000 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate long time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation in three transition zones under a nonzero background. The first transition zone lies between the soliton region and the first oscillatory region, the second one lies between the second oscillatory region and the fast decay region, and possibly, the third one, namely, the collisionless shock region, that bridges the first transition region and the first oscillatory region. Under a low regularity condition on the initial data, we obtain Painlevé‐type asymptotic formulae in the first two transition regions, while the transient asymptotics in the third region involves the Jacobi theta function. We establish our results by performing a ∂¯$\bar{\partial }$ nonlinear steepest descent analysis to the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which has been involved in the progression of tumours. However, the regulatory network of ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer is still largely unknown. Here, using datasets from GEO and TCGA, we screened HSPB1, related to the P450 monooxygenase signalling, a fuel of ferroptosis, to be a candidate gene for regulating pancreatic cancer cell ferroptosis. We found that HSPB1 was enriched in the exosomes derived from human pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and Panc‐1. Then, hypoxic SW1990 cells were incubated with exosomes alone or together with HSPB1 siRNA (si‐HSPB1), and we observed that exosomes promoted cell proliferation and invasion and suppressed ferroptosis, which was reversed by si‐HSPB1. Moreover, we found a potential binding affinity between HSPB1 and FUS, verified their protein interaction by using dual‐colour fluorescence colocalization and co‐IP assays, and demonstrated the promoting effect of FUS on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hypoxic SW1990 cells. Subsequently, FUS was demonstrated to bind with and stabilize the mRNA of Nrf2, a famous anti‐ferroptosis gene that negatively regulates the level of P450. Furthermore, overexpressing FUS and activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway (using NK‐252) both reversed the inhibitory effect of si‐HSPB1 on exosome functions. Finally, our in vivo studies showed that exosome administration promote tumour growth in nude mice of xenotransplantation, which was able to be eliminated by knockdown of HSPB1. In conclusion, exosomal HSPB1 interacts with the RNA binding protein FUS and decreases FUS‐mediated stability of Nrf2 mRNA, thus suppressing hypoxia‐induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is expected to be a therapeutic target for cancers including pancreatic cancer. We aimed to screen genes that regulate ferroptosis and doxycycline resistance in pancreatic cancer and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify genes that respond to ferroptosis in two human pancreatic cancer cells with GOT1 knocked down or not. 325 and 842 genes were upregulated in MiaPaCa and Tu8902 cells in response to GOT1 knockdown, with 43 genes shared. Among the 43 genes, 14 genes were identified to interact with ferroptosis key genes. MB and HMOX1 were the genes most sensitive to Erastin and doxycycline. Moreover, MB and HMOX1 expression was higher in human normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells than in pancreatic cancer cells. MB and HMOX1 proteins physically bound and promoted each other's expression. By interacting with HMOX1, MB suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion, and promoted cell ferroptosis and sensitivity to erastin and doxycycline. Silencing HMOX1 reversed the promoting effect of MB on cell ferroptosis and sensitivity to doxycycline. A pancreatic cancer xenograft model was established by subcutaneous injection of Panc‐1 cells transfected with or without Ad‐MB, and doxycycline was administered intraperitoneally. Overexpression of MB enhanced the inhibitory effect of doxycycline on xenograft growth. In conclusion, MB facilitated doxycycline sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells through promoting HMOX1‐mediated ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies are characterised by the pathologically hyperphosphorylated and aggregated microtubule‐associated protein Tau, which is accompanied by neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia. However, the role of Tau pathology in microglia activation or their causal relationship remains largely elusive. Methods: The levels of nucleotide‐binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)‐like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) acetylation and inflammasome activation in multiple cell models with Tau proteins treatment, transgenic mice with Tauopathy, and AD patients were measured by Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the acetyltransferase activity of Tau and NLRP3 acetylation sites were confirmed using the test‐tube acetylation assay, co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, mass spectrometry and molecular docking. The Tau‐overexpressing mouse model was established by overexpression of human Tau proteins in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons through the adeno‐associated virus injection. The cognitive functions of Tau‐overexpressing mice were assessed in various behavioural tests, and microglia activation was analysed by Iba‐1 IF staining and [18F]‐DPA‐714 positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. A peptide that blocks the interaction between Tau and NLRP3 was synthesised to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of Tau–NLRP3 interaction blockade on NLRP3 acetylation, inflammasome activation, microglia activation and cognitive function. Results: Excessively elevated NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation were observed in 3xTg‐AD mice, microtubule‐associated protein Tau P301S (PS19) mice and AD patients. It was further confirmed that mimics of 'early' phosphorylated‐Tau proteins which increase at the initial stage of diseases with Tauopathy, including TauT181E, TauS199E, TauT217E and TauS262E, significantly promoted Tau–K18 domain acetyltransferase activity‐dependent NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation in HEK293T and BV‐2 microglial cells. In addition, Tau protein could directly acetylate NLRP3 at the K21, K22 and K24 sites at its PYD domain and thereby induce inflammasome activation in vitro. Overexpression of human Tau proteins in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons resulted in impaired cognitive function, Tau transmission to microglia and microgliosis with NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation. As a targeted intervention, competitive binding of a designed Tau–NLRP3‐binding blocking (TNB) peptide to block the interaction of Tau protein with NLRP3 inhibited the NLRP3 acetylation and downstream inflammasome activation in microglia, thereby alleviating microglia activation and cognitive impairment in mice. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for a novel role of Tau in the regulation of microglia activation through acetylating NLRP3, which has potential implications for early intervention and personalised treatment of AD and related Tauopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) have received increasing attention for their application in new‐generation solar cells. However, their poor phase stability due to the small ionic radius of Cs and their inhomogeneous energy landscape on the QD surface during ligand exchange remain as bottlenecks for the practical application of CsPbI3 QD photovoltaics. Herein, the unfavorable octahedral distortion is effectively suppressed by riveting dimethylammonium hydroiodide (DMAI) into the lattice structure. Moreover, DMAI reconstructs the surface ligands to create an ultrathin matrix that encloses the QDs. The ultrathin DMAI matrix effectively passivates the vacancy defects and allows efficient coupling and charge transport in the QD films. As a result, the CsPbI3 QD solar cell yields an efficiency approaching 15%. In addition, the increase in the Goldschmidt tolerance factor enhances the stability of the octahedral structure, resulting in significantly improved device stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merging activities at freeway merging areas can cause significant recurrent and non‐recurrent bottleneck congestion due to vehicles' mandatory lateral conflicts. The Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs), with their capabilities of real‐time communication and precise trajectory control, hold great potential to prevent or mitigate such critical conflicts at merging areas. However, the performance of CAVs may be impaired by the imbalance of lane flow distribution, and non‐cooperative movements of Human‐driven Vehicles (HDVs) in the mixed traffic environment (i.e. traffic mixed with CAVs and HDVs). In this paper, a novel two‐level hierarchical traffic control framework for multilane merging areas under the mixed traffic environment is developed. Note that this paper assumes that the merging sequence is determined by the high control level and focuses on the low level of the control framework. The low control level not only establishes a trajectory optimization strategy for CAVs with lane‐changing optimization and cooperative merging control, but includes a human‐like merging strategy for HDVs. First, to balance downstream lane flow distribution and provide sufficient merging space for on‐ramp vehicles, a lane‐changing optimization method is proposed to choose a certain number of designated mainline CAVs to perform early lane changes at the upstream mainline. Second, a cooperative merging control method is presented to optimize the longitudinal trajectories of both mainline and on‐ramp CAVs while accounting for the movement of HDVs. Third, Gipps car‐following model and heuristic control are combined to represent the HDVs' merging maneuvers. The proposed algorithm simulates and performs merging maneuvers at a typical two‐lane freeway merging area and verifies it in various scenarios considering demand level, demand splits and CAV Penetration Rate (PR). The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively facilitate merging operations, reduce the Total Travel Time (TTT), and increase the Average Travel Speeds (ATS) compared to other merging algorithms. Specifically, compared to the case of using only cooperative merging control method, the proposed algorithm can further reduce TTT by 25.5% and increase ATS by 33.38%. When PR gradually increased, the control performance of the proposed algorithm can be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysosomes, a central regulator of autophagy, play a critical role in tumour growth. Lysosomal protease cathepsin D can initiate apoptosis when released from lysosomes into the cytosol. In this study, we observed that Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc) 1–8 (M1‐8), a small anti‐tumour peptide derived from Mdc, inhibits hepatoma cell growth by blocking autophagy–lysosome fusion. This effect is likely achieved by targeting lysosomes to activate lysosomal protease D. Additionally, we examined whether lysosomal content and cathepsin D release were involved in M1‐8‐induced apoptosis. After exposure to M1‐8, human hepatoma HepG2 cells rapidly co‐localized with lysosomes, disrupted lysosomal integrity, caused leakage of lysosomal protease cathepsin D, caspase activation and mitochondrial membrane potential changes; and promoted cell apoptosis. Interestingly, in M1‐8‐treated HepG2 cells, autophagic protein content increased and the lysosome–autophagosome fusion was inhibited, suggesting that M1‐8 can cause apoptosis through autophagy and lysosomes. This result indicates that a small accumulation of autophagy and autolysosome inhibition in cells can cause cell death. Taken together, these data suggest a novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms of M1‐8 in autophagy and lysosomes, which may facilitate the development of M1‐8 as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small‐scale convection beneath the oceanic plates has been invoked to explain off‐axis nonplume volcanism, departure from simple seafloor depth‐age relationships, and intraplate gravity lineations. We deployed 30 broadband ocean bottom seismometer stations on ∼40 Ma Pacific seafloor in a region notable for gravity anomalies, measured by satellite altimetry, elongated parallel to plate motion. P‐wave teleseismic tomography reveals alternating upper mantle velocity anomalies on the order of ±2%, aligned with the gravity lineations. These features, which correspond to ∼300°–500°K lateral temperature contrast, and possible hydrous or carbonatitic partial melt, are—surprisingly—strongest between 150 and 260 km depth, indicating rapid vertical motions through a low‐viscosity asthenospheric channel. Coherence and admittance analysis of gravity and topography using new multibeam bathymetry soundings substantiates the presence of mantle density variations, and forward modeling predicts gravity anomalies that qualitatively match observed lineations. This study provides observational support for small‐scale convective rolls beneath the oceanic plates. Plain Language Summary: Covered by kilometers of water and therefore hard to access, Earth's oceanic tectonic plates have several features we cannot explain. Among these are linear undulations ("rolls") in the strength of gravitational acceleration at the sea surface. Using data from a rare underwater seismic experiment, we have produced 3‐D maps of seismic properties of the Earth's sub‐surface in a location of clear gravity rolls. We find linear blobs of fast and slow material in the mantle beneath the oceanic plate, parallel to the gravity features. These represent cold sinking and warmer rising material, revealing a highly dynamic convective system underneath the plate, which has long been theorized but not previously directly observed at this scale. Key Points: We use ocean bottom seismometer data to image elongated upper mantle P‐wave velocity anomalies, of order ±2%, striking parallel to free air gravity lineationsThese features extend >200 km deep, requiring thermal anomalies and small‐fraction partial melts related to volatiles in the asthenosphereAnomalies are inferred to arise from small‐scale convective cells beneath the plate with a planform parallel to absolute plate motion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major limitation of low‐cost and high‐safety aqueous manganese‐based materials for electrochemical energy storage is largely hampered by their poor cyclic stability, usually caused by the manganese dissolution and interfacial kinetics. Herein, we synthesized a manganese phosphate material via interfacial polypyrrole chemical binding, with unique structural properties for aqueous supercapacitor application. It exhibited higher specific capacitance, remarkable rate performance and better cycle stability compared to bare manganese phosphate. In contrast with interfacial polypyrrole coating on manganese phosphate nanosheets, the polypyrrole could form a Mn−N bond with the manganese phosphate, indicating stable chemical binding. Thus, the appropriate interfacial chemical binding is an efficient strategy to improve the nanostructure stability and electrochemical kinetics of manganese‐based materials for aqueous electrochemical energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial recombination and nonradiative recombination in inorganic CsPbIBr2 solar cells impede the device performance. Herein, surface passivation of CsPbIBr2 inorganic perovskite layers with Sr‐doped CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs), which act as an efficient interlayer to reduce interfacial recombination and enhance hole extraction as well, is reported for the first time. It is found that the simultaneous Sr2+ ion doping and surface Cl− ion passivation for CsPbI3 QDs results in an enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield with an increased carrier lifetime. The resulting perovskite solar cells achieve a highly efficient power conversion efficiency of 10.32% with enhanced high open circuit Voc of 1.20 V. It is logically inferred that this approach can be a promising tool for improving device performance in inorganic perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ultrasound image segmentation is a challenging task due to a low signal‐to‐noise ratio and poor image quality. Although several approaches based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) have been applied to ultrasound image segmentation, they have weak generalization ability. We propose an end‐to‐end, multiple‐channel and atrous CNN designed to extract a greater amount of semantic information for segmentation of ultrasound images. Method: A multiple‐channel and atrous convolution network is developed, referred to as MA‐Net. Similar to U‐Net, MA‐Net is based on an encoder–decoder architecture and includes five modules: the encoder, atrous convolution, pyramid pooling, decoder, and residual skip pathway modules. In the encoder module, we aim to capture more information with multiple‐channel convolution and use large kernel convolution instead of small filters in each convolution operation. In the last layer, atrous convolution and pyramid pooling are used to extract multi‐scale features. The architecture of the decoder is similar to that of the encoder module, except that up‐sampling is used instead of down‐sampling. Furthermore, the residual skip pathway module connects the subnetworks of the encoder and decoder to optimize learning from the deeper layer and improve the accuracy of segmentation. During the learning process, we adopt multi‐task learning to enhance segmentation performance. Five types of datasets are used in our experiments. Because the original training data are limited, we apply data augmentation (e.g., horizontal and vertical flipping, random rotations, and random scaling) to our training data. We use the Dice score, precision, recall, Hausdorff distance (HD), average symmetric surface distance (ASD), and root mean square symmetric surface distance (RMSD) as the metrics for segmentation evaluation. Meanwhile, Friedman test was performed as the nonparametric statistical analysis to evaluate the algorithms. Results: For the datasets of brachia plexus (BP), fetal head, and lymph node segmentations, MA‐Net achieved average Dice scores of 0.776, 0.973, and 0.858, respectively; with average precisions of 0.787, 0.968, and 0.854, respectively; average recalls of 0.788, 0.978, and 0.885, respectively; average HDs (mm) of 13.591, 10.924, and 19.245, respectively; average ASDs (mm) of 4.822, 4.152, and 4.312, respectively; and average RMSDs (mm) of 4.979, 4.161, and 4.930, respectively. Compared with U‐Net, U‐Net++, M‐Net, and Dilated U‐Net, the average performance of the MA‐Net increased by approximately 5.68%, 2.85%, 6.59%, 36.03%, 23.64%, and 31.71% for Dice, precision, recall, HD, ASD, and RMSD, respectively. Moreover, we verified the generalization of MA‐Net segmentation to lower grade brain glioma MRI and lung CT images. In addition, the MA‐Net achieved the highest mean rank in the Friedman test. Conclusion: The proposed MA‐Net accurately segments ultrasound images with high generalization, and therefore, it offers a useful tool for diagnostic application in ultrasound images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phasor measurement unit can monitor the variation of phase angle of power grid in real time, which is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid. Among them, the virtual phasor measurement algorithm based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) has been widely used because of its simple principle and relatively easy implementation. However, the existing virtual phasor measurement algorithm only gives the dynamic error reduction effect under the fixed offset angle, and does not give the rule of the reduction effect with the different offset angle. The relationship between anti-harmonic interference capability and response speed with the different offset angles is not analysed. Therefore, this study deduces the pattern of dynamic error reduction effect, anti-harmonic interference ability and response speed with the different offset angles. The dynamic error reduction effect of the algorithm is the best when the offset angle is π/2, and the anti-harmonic interference ability of the algorithm is the strongest when the offset angle is π/3. The response speed of the algorithm increases linearly with the increase of the offset angle. On this basis, the correctness of the algorithm is verified by numerical simulation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient brain drug delivery has been a challenge in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other brain disorders as blood‐brain barrier (BBB) impedes most drugs to reach brain. To overcome this obstacle, a novel poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle conjugated with CD47 extracellular domain via reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive phenylborate ester bond exhibiting "do not eat me" signal and BBB penetrating peptide CRTIGPSVC (CRT) and microglia modulation agent Nec‐1s encapsulated in it is developed. The experimental results show that the designed nanoparticle efficiently increases its half‐life in blood circulation by preventing engulfment via phagocytes, and enhances its brain distribution by synergistic effect of CD47 and CRT. The high level of ROS in mouse brain releases CD47 from the nanoparticles and the resultant particles are effectively phagocytized by resident microglia. The engulfed Nec‐1s modulates pathological microglia to a beneficial state, which reduces Aβ burden, microgliosis and astrocytosis, decreases cytokine production and oxidative stress in the brains of AD mice, and finally attenuates cognition deficits and synapse loss. The results first demonstrate that the conditionally releasable "do not eat me" CD47 signal remarkably facilitates microglia‐targeted drug delivery and warrants further study to develop therapeutic agent for AD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of homodinuclear lanthanide complexes, namely, [Ln2(L)2(MeOH)2(NO3)2] [Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), and Ho (4)], were synthesized by the reaction of Salen‐type ligand, namely N, N′‐bis(5‐bromosalicylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (H2L), with lanthanide salts in methanol and acetonitrile solution. The two LnIII ions in 1–4 are linked by two Ophenoxo atoms of two L2− ligands to build a dinuclear skeleton. The eight‐coordinate LnIII center adopts a triangular dodecahedron geometry of D2d symmetry. Theoretical calculations revealed that antiferromagnetic interactions exist in those complexes. Dynamic magnetic properties studies indicate that the Dy2 complex behaves as a single‐molecule magnet with an anisotropy barrier of Ueff ≈ 47.68 K and a pre‐exponential factor τ0 = 3.17 × 10−6 s under a zero applied field, whereas the Ho2 complex exhibits a fast tunneling relaxation process that is rationalized through ab initio calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of homodinuclear lanthanide complexes, namely, [Ln2(L)2(MeOH)2(NO3)2] [Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), and Ho (4)], were synthesized by the reaction of Salen‐type ligand, namely N, N′‐bis(5‐bromosalicylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (H2L), with lanthanide salts in methanol and acetonitrile solution. The two LnIII ions in 1–4 are linked by two Ophenoxo atoms of two L2− ligands to build a dinuclear skeleton. The eight‐coordinate LnIII center adopts a triangular dodecahedron geometry of D2d symmetry. Theoretical calculations revealed that antiferromagnetic interactions exist in those complexes. Dynamic magnetic properties studies indicate that the Dy2 complex behaves as a single‐molecule magnet with an anisotropy barrier of Ueff ≈ 47.68 K and a pre‐exponential factor τ0 = 3.17 × 10−6 s under a zero applied field, whereas the Ho2 complex exhibits a fast tunneling relaxation process that is rationalized through ab initio calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Expression of DCUN1D1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its inhibition by small interfering RNA (siRNA) target in the TU‐177 cells was investigated. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of DCUN1D1 in LSCC tissue in 140 cases and to analyze its relationship with clinical pathological characteristics. siRNA expression plasmid targeting DCUN1D1 was constructed and transferred into TU‐177 cells. The effect of siRNA target DCUN1D1 gene silencing on proliferation, invasion and migration of TU‐177 cells were observed by MTS assay and Transwell experiment. The expression levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and matrix metalloproteinase‐2(MMP‐2) were detected by western blot. Expression level of DCUN1D1 protein increased significantly in T3 + T4, N+, and III + IV stages of LSCC patients (P < .05). After DCUN1D1 was targeted by siRNA, the DCUN1D1 protein level decreased 67% in siRNA‐3 group, where average absorbance value was lower than the control and blank group with significant difference(F = 6.076, P < .05) in MTS assay, meantime migration, and invasion cells in each vision were the same (F = 19.851, F = 25.454, P < .01) in the Transwell experiment. The expression level of FAK and MMP‐2 was significantly down‐regulated in siRNA‐3 group (F = 28.896, F = 40.240, P < .01). DCUN1D1 is associated with progression and prognosis of LSCC. After siRNA based target on DCUN1D1, TU‐177 cells growth was inhibited and invasion of malignant tumour was diminished by reducing the expression of FAK and MMP‐2. DCUN1D1 is could become a potential new target for the treatment of LSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer (PCa), which is now the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death, has a median survival of less than 6 months and a 5-year survival rate of <6%. The hallmarks of this cancer include poor outcome, short survival duration, and resistance to therapy. The poor prognosis of PCa is related to its local recurrence, lymph node and liver metastases, and peritoneal dissemination. Recent studies have indicated that resveratrol has cancer-chemopreventive and anticancer activities. In this short review we summarize the chemopreventive and treatment effects of resveratrol in PCa, as follows: resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells; induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest; inhibits metastasis and invasion of PCa cells; inhibits the proliferation and viability of PCa stem cells; enhances the chemoradiosensitization of PCa cells; and can affect diabetes mellitus in addition to PCa. On the basis of these data, resveratrol may be considered a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responsive hydrogels have received great attention in many fields. However, the molding method and response mode of such hydrogels are criticized when it comes to real applications. In this work, a novel class of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAm/GO) nanocomposite hydrogel through self‐assembly three‐dimensional (3D) printing via ultraviolet light polymerization. The precursor is ordinarily constituted by NIPAm monomer, crosslinker, and water mixed with a photoinitiator, besides the introduction of nanoclay adjusts the shear thinning properties to an optimal level, which is important for the 3D printing precision. Then, the graphite oxide as infrared light absorber endows the hydrogel fast photothermal excited responsivity instead of conventional temperature response. The shrinkage and swelling of the composite hydrogel can be controlled by turning the near‐infrared light on or off. Meanwhile, the reversible behavior of as‐prepared hydrogel is easily regulated by altering the content of GO and illumination time of near‐infrared light. Additionally, a round tube is obtained based on the as‐prepared hydrogel, which can be driven to get a pencil, indicating their potential applications in actuator and other functional program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]