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Background: Bromhidrosis, characterized by foul‐smelling sweat, is a prevalent condition that significantly affects patients' social and psychological well‐being. Methods: This review presents novel treatment approaches and discusses the pros and cons of various treatment options for axillary bromhidrosis. Results: Extensive research has explored numerous treatment modalities for bromhidrosis. This article systematically reviews both surgical and nonsurgical interventions utilized in clinical practice. Conclusion: By synthesizing available evidence, this review aims to offer evidence‐based recommendations for effectively managing bromhidrosis, considering factors such as treatment efficacy, safety profiles, patient preferences, and clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a comprehensive performance evaluation algorithm explicitly designed for secondary equipment in substations, specifically targeting the relay protection system. In contrast to the current evaluation systems, this novel method navigates the complex internal interconnections and mechanisms inherent within secondary system equipment. Such complications have previously impeded the accuracy and breadth of evaluations, thereby limiting the degree of precision and innovation attainable within substations. The proposed approach effectively integrates the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process entropy weight (IAHP‐EW) method with the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural network. Initially, the IAHP‐EW method identified the comprehensive evaluation indicators and their corresponding weights for relay protection devices. Following weight allocation, these evaluation indicators are scrutinized and computed utilizing the multivariate regression analysis algorithm, resulting in performance evaluation outcomes for the relay protection system. These outcomes are subsequently classified and utilized in training the LVQ neural network, promoting the network's capacity to autonomously evaluate the performance status of the relay protection system. To corroborate the viability and effectiveness of this proposed performance evaluation and prediction algorithm, empirical operating data from a local substation is used. The results suggest a significant improvement in the evaluation accuracy of secondary equipment performance, indicating potential for practical application and a valuable contribution to the field through the introduction of a novel approach to performance assessment of substation relay protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been widely used due to its advantages of low cost and high efficiency. However, one of the unsolved problems in WAAM is the heat accumulation. In this study, the compressed argon‐based interlayer active cooling (AC) process is employed to reduce heat accumulation, and the influence mechanism on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V samples are revealed. It is shown in the results that the introduction of interlayer AC leads to the interlayer temperature decreases from 468 to 53 °C, and the widths of prior‐β grains and αGB are refined. The increase of cooling rate (380–604 °C s−1) results in the transformation of large‐sized colonies into finer basket weave structure, accompanied by the production of martensite α'. The finer basket weave structure increases the strength of the samples, while the narrower αGB and the high‐angle grain boundaries increase the resistance of crack propagation. The high dislocation density caused by the faster cooling rate increases the plastic deformation to a certain extent. As a result, the interlayer AC improves the strength and plasticity of the samples simultaneously, the samples change from brittle and ductile‐mixed fracture to ductile fracture mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bromhidrosis, also known as body odor, is a common disease in life, which often occurs in young adults. The histological basis of bromhidrosis is the hyperplasia of apocrine sweat glands. Objective: To compare the effects of different methods of endoscopy in microdynamic axillary osmidrosis removal on curative effect, complications, and surgical efficiency. Methods: A total of 149 patients with axillary osmidrosis were treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. They were treated with endoscopic assistance in the whole process of operation (Group A) and endoscope‐assisted exploration after blind rotary cutter suction (Group B), respectively, and the curative effect, complication rate, and surgical efficiency were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in the curative effect and complication rate between the two groups, but the endoscope‐assisted exploration group after suction with rotary cutter (Group B) had higher surgical efficiency. Conclusion: On the basis of professional use of rotary cutter, it is efficient to choose endoscope to check the excision of sweat gland in the operation area and stop bleeding in time after blind suction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise reduction with materials of finite thickness has been a hot research topic. In this study, multi‐layer gradient fiber‐based composites integrating porous, resonant and damping structures were prepared for efficient sound absorption. Here, the effects of composite structure, fiber‐based thickness and micro‐perforated membrane fabric (MPMF) structure on the sound absorption of the composites were investigated. From the results, the sound absorption band of the composite can be effectively tuned by adjusting the structure of the MPMF or the thickness of the fiber‐based. In addition, the established acoustic model can accurately predict the sound absorption performance of the structure. It is worth mentioning that the gradient structure optimized by the algorithm exhibits broadband sound absorption (noise reduction coefficient of 0.42) and thin feature (thickness of 0.9 cm). Moreover, the medium and low frequency sound waves can be propagated and absorbed more easily by optimizing the structure of the composite. This work provides a reference for the preparation of multi‐layer gradient sound‐absorbing structures and the design of acoustic products in a specific frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Douyin APP is the short video APP with the largest number of users in China. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of short videos about cosmetic surgery on Douyin. Methods: In August 2022, we retrieved and screened 300 short videos related to cosmetic surgery from Douyin, extracted basic video information, encoded the content and identified the video source. The quality and reliability of short video information were evaluated using the DISCERN instrument. Results: A total of 168 short videos of cosmetic surgery were included in the survey, and the video sources included personal accounts and institutional accounts. Overall, the total proportion of institutional accounts (47/168, 27.98%) is significantly less than that of personal accounts (121/168, 72.02%); nonhealth professionals received the most praises, comments and even collections and reposts, while for‐profit academic organizations or institutions received the least. The DISCERN scores of 168 short videos of cosmetic surgery were 3.74–4.58 (average 4.22). Content reliability (p =.04) and overall short video quality (p =.02) are significantly different, but short videos published from different sources have no significant difference in treatment selection (p =.052). Conclusion: The overall information quality and reliability of short videos about cosmetic surgery on Douyin are satisfactory in China. Patient or Public Contribution: The participants were involved in developing research questions, study design, management and conduct, interpretation of evidence and dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Profunda femoris artery perforator flaps (PAPFs) have not been widely used in head and neck reconstructions. The feasibility and outcomes of PAPFs for various head and neck reconstructions need to be investigated. Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: A single‐institution review. Methods: PAPFs were utilized in head and neck reconstructions from 2019 to 2021. Local anatomy, surgical technique, and complications were discussed. Chimeric PAPF applications with muscle components were described for coverage of extensive multiunit defects. Additionally, aesthetic and functional outcomes were compared with anterolateral thigh perforator flaps. Results: A total of 33 cases were included. The average age was 54.2 years (range, 30‐74). The most common underlying pathology was oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 26, 78.8%), while the mean ± SD body mass index was 25.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2. Middle perforators (n = 14, 42.4%) were the most commonly utilized ones. The perforator‐based chimeric/composite applications were used in 9 (27.3%), with the muscular components consisting of gracilis (n = 3, 9.1%), adductor magnus (n = 5, 15.2%), or semimembranosus muscles (n = 1, 3.0%). Venous thromboses of the PAPFs were found in 2 (6.1%), though salvaged. The occurrence of postoperative 90‐day morbidity (complication) was related to mandibulectomy/maxillectomy (P =.020). Postoperative validated questionnaires showed a trend of intermediate to high scores, indicating noninferior outcomes in several categories, when compared with the anterolateral thigh perforator flap counterparts. Conclusion: PAPFs are a good reconstructive alternative for intermediate to large head and neck reconstructions. Besides, PAPFs can provide sufficient tissue volume and versatility of potentially incorporating adjacent muscle components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Blepharoplasty is a typical complex structural system, which involves many factors and the interaction among them. Therefore, it is the basis of controlling the occurrence of medical complications in blepharoplasty to clarify the hierarchical relationship of various risk factors and find out the key risk factors. Methods: On the basis of identifying the risk factors for quality management of blepharoplasty by means of literature research, questionnaire survey and expert interview, the risk factor model of blepharoplasty quality management were analyzed and constructed. The relationship between the risk factors and the degree of influence on the risk factors was studied using Decision‐Making Trialand Evaluation Laboratory and Interpretative Structural Modeling Method, and the hierarchical structure model of the risk factors for blepharoplasty quality management was obtained. Results: Six levels of risk factors in quality management of blepharoplasty were identified and classified, and the causal attributes among risk factors were determined. Six key risk factors in quality management of double eyelid surgery were determined according to centrality, and finally the above risk factors were divided into three categories: direct cause, excessive cause, and essential cause. Conclusions: This study realizes the comprehensive risk factor analysis of the complex system of quality management of blepharoplasty, which can provide reference for plastic surgeons to make safety decisions of blepharoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the effect of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique on scar inhibition after emergency facial trauma in children, and to explore the application value of absorbable collagen thread in emergency facial trauma. Methods: Children who received emergency treatment of facial trauma in plastic surgery department from January 2021 to January 2022 were analysed retrospectively, and were divided into absorbable collagen thread group and non‐absorbable nylon thread group. The general data, scar appearance and local symptoms of the two groups were analysed, and the scar appearance was scored by scar beauty rating scale and non‐inferiority test was analysed statistically. Results: A total of 632 children with facial trauma were included in this study, including 458 patients with absorbable collagen thread and 174 patients with non‐absorbable nylon thread. The SCAR score of the absorbable collagen thread group (3.03 ± 1.57) was similar to that of the non‐absorbable nylon thread group (2.98 ± 2.39) (95% confidence interval), and the final scar outcome score was not statistically different (P > 0.05). All families of the patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure, 95% very satisfied. Conclusion: The use of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique to treat the wounds of children with facial emergency trauma, resulted in good wound healing, little scar expansion, low incidence of erythema and pigment abnormality, no obvious surgical trace, and no scar hypertrophy or atrophy. The overall impression was good, the pain of stitch removal was avoided for children's patients, and the satisfaction of family members was high. Cosmetic suture technique with absorbable sutures is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group III‐nitrides with doping recently attract great interest because of their outstanding ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Herein, the spontaneous polarization and piezoelectricity of the wurtzite III‐nitrides (AN, A = Al, Ga, In) with the rare earth element (R = Sc, Y) doping (w‐R0.5A0.5N) are investigated by first‐principles calculations. The polar w‐R0.5A0.5N and nonpolar h‐R0.5A0.5N are stable, which is proved by the elastic constants and phonon band structures. The w‐Sc0.5In0.5N and w‐Y0.5In0.5N can be applied to the ferroelectric field owing to their very small ferroelectric switching barriers (0.149 eV for w‐Sc0.5In0.5N and 0.042 eV for w‐Y0.5In0.5N) with large ferroelectric polarization (1.088 C m−2 for w‐Sc0.5In0.5N and 0.937 C m−2 for w‐Y0.5In0.5N). Furthermore, the w‐Y0.5In0.5N has a large piezoelectric strain constant d33 (14.018 pC N−1) based on the elastic constant C33 softening and the increase of the piezoelectric constant e33, which is three times larger than that of w‐InN (4.191 pC N−1). It is found that the biaxial tensile strain of 2% along in‐place significantly enhances the d33 and e33, which increase to 35.572 pC N−1 and 2.669 C m−2 from 14.018 pC N−1 and 1.700 C m−2 of free w‐Y0.5In0.5N, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melanoma is an aggressive disease that is rising in incidence. Advanced melanoma is still a life‐threatening disease. CircRNAs are documented to be involved in melanoma progression. But circITCH role in melanoma remains unclear. Methods and Results: To explore the functions of circITCH in melanoma, levels of circITCH in melanoma tissues and paracarcinoma normal tissues were detected. To study the roles of circITCH in melanoma in terms of cell proliferation and migration, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. Mechanism study was designed to investigate the potential regulatory effect of circITCH in melanoma. Results revealed that circITCH expression was repressed in melanoma versus adjacent normal tissues. Function study showed that circITCH suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis. The mechanism study showed that circITCH‐sponged miR‐660 to upregulate TFCP2 and suppress melanoma progression. Conclusions: The circITCH/miR‐660/TFCP2 axis is involved in melanoma progression hence circITCH can be a diagnostic biomarker as well as a target for treating melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Robust centralized and weighted observation fusion (CAWOF) prediction algorithm is addressed in this article for an uncertain multi‐sensor generalized system with linear correlation between observation noises and an input white noise. This uncertainty in the generalized system primarily means that the variances of the aforementioned types of noise, as well as the multiplicative noise variances, are uncertain. Through singular value decomposition and virtual noise compensation, the original generalized system is changed to non‐generalized reduced‐order subsystems in which only noise variances are uncertain. Utilizing the minimax robustness estimation criterion, robust CAWOF Kalman predictors are put forward on account of the first subsystem with conservative upper bounds of noise variances. Eventually, robust observation fusion Kalman predictors of the original generalized system are proposed. The Lyapunov equation method is applied to verify two fusion predictors' robustness. With regard to all permissible uncertain practical noise variances, CAWOF predictors are robust, namely, the practical prediction error variances of two robust predictors will have minimum upper bounds. This equivalence between CAWOF Kalman predictors is proved by an information filter. In this article, the precision relationship of fusion predictors is given. Meanwhile, robust Kalman predictors for steady‐state case are proposed, and the astringency of robust time‐variant Kalman predictors is analyzed through the analysis of dynamic error system. The validity and correctness of proposed algorithm are proved by the simulation example of random dynamic input and output system in an economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, flexible piezoresistive sensors have drawn considerable attention in e‐skin, motion monitoring devices, etc. Wearability is an important nature of various flexible sensors. Herein, a sensitive flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor with gold nanowires (AuNWs) combined textile with high sensitivity and durability is presented. The knitted cotton fabric is used as the matrix for loading conductive material AuNWs to fabricate the wearable pressure sensors as clothing components. Cotton fabric can be easily transformed into conductive textile due to impregnation and combination with AuNWs. This AuNWs/textile material is demonstrated to be an appropriate flexible sensor to monitor various human motions, such as finger pressing, joints bending, and foot status. A smart glove is integrated with this AuNWs/textile as the sensing block for gesture expression and recognition, signal reading, and transmission. Besides the common gesture with finger movement combination, e.g., numbers, the simple AuNWs/textile‐based smart glove can also serve for expressing some emoji symbol and be considered as a human–machine interface for some gesture emoji used in internet social platform. This AuNWs/textile is expected to be used as a practical wearable sensor with great potential for extensive applications, including human–machine interface, healthcare monitoring, and the Internet of Things construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a serious malignant disease. Delayed diagnosis will cause anemia, increased intracranial pressure, organ failure, and even lead to death. The current main trend in this area is to use deep learning (DL) for disease diagnosis. Extracting classification information from the digital pathology images by DL may realize the automated qualitative and quantitative analysis of NHL. Previously, DL has been used to classify NHL digital pathology images with some success. However, shortcomings still exist in the data preprocessing methods and feature extraction. Therefore, this paper presents a method for the classification of NHL subtypes based on the fusion of transfer learning (TL) and principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: First, the NHL digital pathology images were preprocessed by image division and segmentation and then input into the transfer models for fine‐tuning and feature extraction. Second, PCA was used to map the extracted features. Finally, a neural network was used as a classifier to classify the mapped features. During the fine‐tuning of the transfer models, two methods, freezing all feature extraction layers and fine‐tuning all layers, were employed to select the optimal model with the best classification result among all the preselected transfer models. On this basis, the use of freezing the layers' location was discussed and analyzed. Results: The results show that the proposed method achieved average fivefold cross‐validation accuracies of 100%, 99.73%, and 99.20% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) tumor, and each category has standard deviations 0.00, 0.53, and 0.65, respectively, in the NHL reference dataset. The overall classification accuracy for fivefold cross‐validation is 98.93%, which is an increase of 1.26% compared to the latest reported methods, having a lower standard deviation (1.00). Conclusion: The method proposed in this paper achieves a high classification accuracy and strong model generalization for the classification of NHL, which makes it possible to conduct intelligent classification of NHL in clinical practice. Our proposed method has definite clinical value and research significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of padded cotton fabrics with various water contents were obtained through vacuum dehydration. The effects of the water content on the fabric temperature variation during steaming, the colour properties, and the dye fixation rate (% F) were investigated. Dye distribution in the dyed cotton fibres was assessed. The influences of steaming time and sodium carbonate concentration on K/ S value and % F of the dyed fabrics with low water content were also evaluated. The results indicate that reducing the water content of the padded cotton fabric to around 25.0% prior to steaming was favoured for reactive dyeing. The temperature of the wet fabric rose rapidly, the K/ S value and % F were enhanced, and in addition the dye penetration into the dyed cotton fibres was sufficient. However, for padded fabrics with extraordinarily low and high water contents (e.g. 1.4% and 70.9% respectively), both the K/ S value and % F were decreased. Furthermore, a white core phenomenon was evident for the fibres of the dyed fabric with a water content of 1.4%. Variation in the L* values was in line with the K/ S values as the fabric water content varied. As expected, steaming time and sodium carbonate dosage can also affect reactive dye fixation greatly and should be determined accordingly for dyeing cotton fabric with low water content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ink dot distribution on cotton fabrics determines the colour performance of reactive dye inkjet printing, and ink drop spreading is one of the important factors influencing the ink dot distribution. In order to reveal the relationship between fabric pretreatment and ink drop spreading, two pieces of cotton fabric were pretreated respectively with sodium alginate and sodium alginate plus high fatty acid derivative solutions. Results indicate that the surface energy of the cotton fabrics was reduced from 73.79 to 69.45 and 58.49 mJ m−2 after the pretreatment with sodium alginate and sodium alginate plus high fatty acid derivative respectively. Correspondingly, the spreading area of cyan ink drops on these fabrics was reduced from 104.9 to 92.5 and 72.3 mm2. Furthermore, on the fabric treated with sodium alginate plus high fatty acid derivative, the strip-like ink dots were narrow and short, which means the dye was concentrated in an area on the fabric surface. Colorimetric values of the inkjet-printed fabrics demonstrated that the high fatty acid derivative would enhance the ability of sodium alginate to control ink droplet spreading, thereby improving the colour performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide-wrapped gold nanorods (GO@AuNRs) offer efficient drug delivery as well as NIR laser photothermal therapy (PTT) in vitro and in vivo. However, no real-time observation of drug release has been reported to better understand the synergy of chemotherapy and PTT. Herein, surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is employed to guide chemo-photothermal cancer therapy by a two-step mechanism. In the presence of GO as an internal standard, SERS signals of DOX (doxorubicin) loaded onto GO@AuNRs are found to be pH-responsive. Both DOX and GO show strong SERS signals before the DOX@GO@AuNRs are endocytic. However, when the DOX@GO@AuNRs enter acidic microenvironments such as endosomes and/or lysosomes, the DOX signals start decreasing while the GO signals remain the same. This plasmonic antenna could be used to identify the appropriate time to apply the PTT laser during chemo-photothermal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional magnetic microcapsules (MMCs) for the combined cancer cells hyperthermia and chemotherapy in addition to MR imaging are successfully developed. A classical layer-by-layer technique of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(4-styrene sulfonate sodium) (PSS)) is used as it affords great controllability over the preparation together with enhanced loading of the chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) in the microcapsules. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIOs) nanoparticles are layered in the system to afford MMC1 (one SPIOs layer) and MMC2 (two SPIOs layers). Most interestingly, MMC1 and MMC2 show efficient hyperthermia cell death and controlled DOX release although their magnetic saturation value falls below 2.5 emu g−1, which is lower than the 7-22 emu g−1 reported to be the minimum value needed for biomedical applications. Moreover, MMCs are pH responsive where a pH 5.5 (often reported for cancer cells) combined with hyperthermia increases DOX release predictably. Both systems prove viable when used as T2 contrast agents for MR imaging in HeLa cells with high biocompatibility. Thus, MMCs hold a great promise to be used commercially as a theranostic platform as they are controllably prepared, reproducibly enhanced, and serve as drug delivery, hyperthermia, and MRI contrast agents at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review discusses the utilization of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials in X‐ray direct imaging detectors for medical application. Compared to traditional semiconductors, MHP has multiple advantages including high linear attenuation coefficient, low exciton binding energy, long carrier diffusion length, and high carrier mobility. These ascendancies allow for low‐dose and high‐resolution medical imaging. Apartment from a historical overview of the develop‐X‐ray direct imaging detectors and their performance indicators, this review specifically focuses on the development and innovation of X‐ray direct imaging detectors using MHP materials. The article concludes by identifying existing challenges and discussing the potential application of perovskite X‐ray direct imaging detectors in the medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional magnetic microcapsules (MMCs) are prepared by a classical layer‐by‐layer technique of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). As discussed by N. Khashab and co‐workers on page 985, these microcapsules successfully test for combined cancer cells hyperthermia and chemotherapy in addition to magnetic resonance imaging. The MMCs show efficient hyperthermia cell death, although their magnetic saturation value falls below the minimum value needed for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The glandular fluid secreted by apocrine sweat glands is decomposed by parasitic bacteria on the skin surface and releases a bad smell called axillary osmidrosis., Objective: To evaluate the effect of power-assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision for axillary osmidrosis., Methods: From January 2017 to January 2022, 647 patients with axillary osmidrosis underwent power-assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision surgery to treat for axillary osmidrosis. The operation time (min), intraoperative bleeding (ml) and recovery time (days) were counted. Three months after operation, the amount of underarm sweat, the disappearance of underarm hair, the incidence of operation, the effective rate of operation, and the satisfaction of operation results were evaluated by questionnaire., Results: There were no postoperative complications except five cases of mild axillary pigmentation after 3 months. All patients evaluated good odor elimination. No patient was rated as average or poor. No recurrence., Conclusion: Power-assisted rotary cutter with negative pressure suction through small incision is an effective and ideal surgical method to reduce the complications and recurrence of axillary osmidrosis., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)