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Background: Laryngeal leukoplakia (LL) is a white lesion with high potential of recurrence and malignant transformation. Currently, CO2 laser has become the primary surgical treatment for LL, and the recurrence and malignant transformation rates after treatment vary widely. Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis dedicated to evaluating the rates of recurrence and malignant transformation of LL lesions treated with CO2 laser and exploring relevant risk factors for recurrence or malignant transformation. Methods: Literature searches were conducted on ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Some articles identified through hand searching were included. Results: A total of 14 articles and 1462 patients were included in this review. Pooled results showed that the overall recurrence rate was 15%, and the malignant transformation rate was 3%. Subgroup analysis showed that the dysplasia grade was not a significant risk factor for the recurrence and malignant transformation of LL (P >.05). Conclusions: The results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that the CO2 laser is a safe and effective surgical instrument for the excision of LL, which yields low rates of recurrence and malignant transformation. The risk factors relevant to recurrence or malignant transformation remain unclear and require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the trueness and precision of complete arch implant impressions using conventional impression, intraoral scanning with and without splinting, and stereophotogrammetry. Materials and Methods: An edentulous model with six implants was used in this study. Four implant impression techniques were compared: the conventional impression (CI), intraoral scanning (IOS) without splinting, intraoral scanning with splinting (MIOS), and stereophotogrammetry (SPG). An industrial blue light scanner was used to generate the baseline scan from the model. The CI was captured with a laboratory scanner. The reference best‐fit method was then applied in the computer‐aided design (CAD) software to compute the three‐dimensional, angular, and linear discrepancies among the four impression techniques. The root mean square (RMS) 3D discrepancies in trueness and precision between the four impression groups were analyzed with a Kruskal–Wallis test. Trueness and precision between single analogs were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Significant differences in the overall trueness (p =.017) and precision (p <.001) were observed across four impression groups. The SPG group exhibited significantly smaller RMS 3D deviations than the CI, IOS, and MIOS groups (p <.05), with no significant difference detected among the latter three groups (p >.05). Conclusions: Stereophotogrammetry showed superior trueness and precision, meeting misfit thresholds for implant‐supported complete arch prostheses. Intraoral scanning, while accurate like conventional impressions, exhibited cross‐arch angular and linear deviations. Adding a splint to the scan body did not improve intraoral scanning accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, and liquid properties on the bubble size evolution at the outlet zone of an ejector have been investigated systemically. The liquid properties, including surface tension and viscosity, were changed by adding glycerol, ethanol, or Carbopol 2020 into tap water. It was found that increasing the liquid flow rate is beneficial for producing smaller bubbles with a narrower size distribution in the ejector, while the gas flow rate investigated here shows less influence on the generated fine bubble diameter. An intense bubble coalescence phenomenon, which has a negative effect on mass transfer, was first observed at the small outlet zone of the ejector by exploring the bubble size evolution along the axial height. It was found that the mean diameter of the fine bubbles could increase by 48% ~ 90% when they rose only 25 cm from the ejector outlet, and the bubble coalescence could be effectively suppressed by adding a small amount of glycerol to water. The bubble diameter could be reduced by 32% ~ 43% by using a 2 wt.% glycerol solution under the experimental conditions. A comparative study with tap water, glycerol solution, Carbopol solution, and ethanol solution was taken, and the underlying mechanism of reducing the generated bubble size by changing the liquid properties was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO crystals are employed in numerous industries, but precisely controlling their morphologies is still challenging. In this work, a continuous flow process for synthesizing ZnO crystals is developed based on the co‐precipitation method. ZnO crystals at different morphologies, including needle‐like, rod‐like, flower‐like, spindle‐like, and nanospheres, are successfully prepared at low temperature. The influence of reaction temperature, pH value, ZnCl2 feeding concentration, and reaction time on the morphology, size, and purity of ZnO crystals is systematically investigated. The results of X‐ray diffraction show that the high‐purity ZnO can only be produced when the reaction temperature is above 75 °C. The band gap energies of ZnO evaluated by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy increase with the synthesis temperature. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) findings, the size of ZnO crystals is regulated by controlling the reaction time. Interestingly, the morphology of ZnO crystals is changed from 1D to 3D structure by controlling the feeding concentration of ZnCl2. Moreover, a concentration difference mechanism of ZnO crystal morphology evolution is proposed by monitoring the real‐time concentration of free Zn2+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining data visualizations, animations, and audio narrations, data videos can increase viewer engagement and effectively communicate data stories. Due to their increasing popularity, data videos have gained growing attention from the visualization research community. However, recent research on data videos has focused on animations, lacking an understanding of narrations. In this work, we study how data videos use narrations and animations to convey information effectively. We conduct a qualitative analysis on 426 clips with visualizations extracted from 60 data videos collected from a variety of media outlets, covering a diverse array of topics. We manually label 816 sentences with 1226 semantic labels and record the composition of 2553 animations through an open coding process. We also analyze how narrations and animations coordinate with each other by assigning links between semantic labels and animations. With 937 (76.4%) semantic labels and 2503 (98.0%) animations linked, we identify four types of narration‐animation relationships in the collected clips. Drawing from the findings, we discuss study implications and future research opportunities of data videos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; carotid artery; covered stent; R0 resection; tumour encasement EN advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma carotid artery covered stent R0 resection tumour encasement 336 340 5 02/17/22 20220301 NES 220301 Key points This approach could potentially achieve maximal oncological resection without compromise of carotid artery blood flow. Oncologic surgical resection with intravascular covered stent placement in patients with carotid artery encased by metastatic cancer - Our experience with 5 patients INTRODUCTION Tumour encasement of the common carotid artery (CCA) and/or the internal carotid artery (ICA) in patients with advanced head and neck tumours represents a significant surgical challenge. Advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, carotid artery, covered stent, tumour encasement, R0 resection. [Extracted from the article]

Biochar combined with fertilizer as a soil amendment benefits to improving soil fertility, especially soil organic carbon and crop yield. However, the effect of biochar on the improvement of soil properties and crop yield was varied from soil properties and limited for medium–low‐yield farmland in the North China. During the completely randomized field experiment, SIX treatments (biochar applied as 0, 15 and 30 t·ha‐1, under 240 and 300 kg N ha‐1 nitrogen fertilizer) were applied in wheat season and examined to reveal changes in the SOC and other properties of 0‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm soil layers. The results showed that two years after the application of biochar, a significant increase in the SOC was observed, ranging from 19.52% to 97.50% (p < 0.05) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm soil layer. Wheat yield and SOC content increased with increasing amount of biochar applied under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The content of soil available potassium increased significantly under 30 t·ha‐1 biochar application (p < 0.05). Both biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application could increase wheat yield, and the effect of biochar application for increasing wheat yield was better than that of nitrogen fertilizer. Wheat yield and SOC content increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer at the same amount of biochar application. The principal component analysis results showed that biochar input, SOC, available potassium and total nitrogen were the key factors affecting wheat yield. Biochar application is a fast and effective measure to improve SOC and wheat yield in medium‐ and low‐yield farmlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By displaying visual elements logically in temporal order, animated infographics can help readers better understand layers of information expressed in an infographic. While many techniques and tools target the quick generation of static infographics, few support animation designs. We propose InfoMotion that automatically generates animated presentations of static infographics. We first conduct a survey to explore the design space of animated infographics. Based on this survey, InfoMotion extracts graphical properties of an infographic to analyze the underlying information structures; then, animation effects are applied to the visual elements in the infographic in temporal order to present the infographic. The generated animations can be used in data videos or presentations. We demonstrate the utility of InfoMotion with two example applications, including mixed‐initiative animation authoring and animation recommendation. To further understand the quality of the generated animations, we conduct a user study to gather subjective feedback on the animations generated by InfoMotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the dynamic changes of peri‐implant microbiome in patients with a history of periodontitis and to construct a microbial prediction model. Materials and methods: The prospective study was performed at one month (T1), one year (T2) and two years (T3) after restoration. Clinical examinations [probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUP)], radiographic examinations and sample collection were conducted at three timepoints. Peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) was collected and analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify differences. Results: Totally, 168 subjects were assessed for eligibility. Twenty‐two patients were recruited in the longitudinal study. Eventually, 67 PISF samples from 24 implants of 12 patients were collected and analysed. Peri‐implant microbiome showed increasing diversity and complexity over time. Disease‐associated genera Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella dramatically increased from T1 to T3. The prediction model for clinical suppuration at T1 showed a high accuracy of 90%. Conclusion: The dysbiosis of peri‐implant microbiome increased with time during the two‐year observation in patients with a history of periodontitis. Genera of Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella were biomarkers of peri‐implant mucositis. Microbiota at the early stage could predict subsequent microbial dysbiosis and clinical suppuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eastern Shandong is one of the most economically important regions for ore‐producing sedimentary‐metamorphic graphite deposits in China. The Liugezhuang and Daliangzikou graphite deposits in the Pingdu–Laixi Graphite Belt are typical examples. The ores in the Liugezhuang deposit and Daliangzikou deposit are typically gneiss/granulite type and biotite granulite type, respectively. Graphite occurs as stratabound layers of slender flakes associated with biotite, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase and as slender flakes and disseminated grains associated with biotite and filling tiny fractures in mineral grains. The mineral associations indicate that the ore rocks can be classified into four metamorphic facies: (a) amphibolite granulite facies, Cpx (Hy) + Opx (Di) + Pl ± Hbl ± Qz; (b) amphibolite facies, Hbl + Pl + Cpx (Opm) + Ep + Bt + Ms + Qz ± Chl ± Mic; (c) high‐grade greenshist facies, Hbl + Pl + Ep + Bt + Chl + Qz ± Cpx; and (d) low‐grade greenshist facies, Ep + Chl + Pl + Bt + Ms + Chl + Qz + Rt. Study of the variation in graphite crystals and fixed carbon with increasing metamorphic grade suggests that more than one metamorphism process (graphitization) occurred during ore formation. Geochemical analysis indicates that the primary condition under which the Liugezhuang and Daliangzikou graphite deposits formed was a marine facies sedimentary environment of which the material source was terrestrial weathering detritus and compounds and also a participation of terrestrial material in the graphite deposits. Trace element data suggest that the sedimentary condition was from a reducing condition in the Liugezhuang graphite deposit to a weaker reducing condition in the Daliangzikou graphite deposit, whereas samples from a Jingshan Group stratum show multiple oxidation–reduction conditions but dominantly oxidation. Carbon isotope analysis indicates that the carbon source of the Liugezhuang graphite deposit was organic, whereas that of the Daliangzikou graphite deposit was mainly organic carbon but with some inorganic participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wuhaolai mafic complex is situated at the middle part of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), Inner Mongolia. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic data are presented to confirm the formation age of the complex, the nature of Paleozoic lithospheric mantle, and the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the NCC. The mafic complex is composed of pyroxenite, gabbro, and diorite, which are derived from the same parental magma. The geochronological results show that this mafic complex was emplaced at 265.9 ± 3.3 Ma. All three different rock types are characterized by calc‐alkaline series with enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), depletion of high field strength elements (HFSEs) and high rare earth elements (HREEs), and show negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Besides, they exhibit a low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7059–0.7065) and high εNd(t) (−13.35 to −8.19) values. These geochemical features also indicate that the parental magma of this complex was derived from an EM I‐like lithospheric mantle, which has undergone subduction‐related metasomatism. Combined with the previous studies on the Late Carboniferous to Late Permian intrusions from the northern margin of the NCC, the Wuhaolai mafic complex belongs to the Within‐Plate Basalt, representing a tectonic setting of continental extension environment, and the final closure time of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) should be earlier than the Middle Permian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outliers, the data instances that do not conform with normal patterns in a dataset, are widely studied in various domains, such as cybersecurity, social analysis, and public health. By detecting and analyzing outliers, users can either gain insights into abnormal patterns or purge the data of errors. However, different domains usually have different considerations with respect to outliers. Understanding the defining characteristics of outliers is essential for users to select and filter appropriate outliers based on their domain requirements. Unfortunately, most existing work focuses on the efficiency and accuracy of outlier detection, neglecting the importance of outlier interpretation. To address these issues, we propose Oui, a visual analytic system that helps users understand, interpret, and select the outliers detected by various algorithms. We also present a usage scenario on a real dataset and a qualitative user study to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of our system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A precise estimation of sediment transport capacity (Tc) is key to establishing process‐based erosion models. However, few data are available for estimating transport capacity on steep slopes and test materials sorted at high coarse grain values of >2 mm. Colluvial deposits with loose, coarse material and steep slopes make up the packed materials underlying the collapsing walls in benggang, which collapse due to hydraulic pressure and gravity. The objectives of this study were to investigate how flow discharge and slope steepness affect Tc and to examine relationships between Tc and flow velocity, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power for colluvial deposits found on steep slopes. A nonerodible rill flume of 4 m long and 0.12 m wide was used. Slope steepness values ranged from 18% to 84%, and unit flow discharge values ranged from 0.56 × 10−3 to 4.44 × 10−3 m2 s−1. Tc increased as a power function with flow discharge and slope steepness with a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) value of 0.99, and the effects of flow discharge were stronger than those of slope steepness. Tc was overestimated for a colluvial deposit when the equations of the ANSWERS, Zhang et al. and Wu et al. models were considered and when Tc exceeded 5 kg m−1 s−1, as the slope steepness used in our study was much higher than those used (<47%) in the other models. Regression analyses show that Tc can be predicted from linear equations of flow velocity, stream power, and unit stream power, and Tc can be fit to shear stress with power function equation. Flow velocity optimizes to predict Tc with NSE = 0.97, and stream power and shear stress can also be successfully related to Tc (NSE = 0.91 and NSE = 0.81, respectively); however, unit stream power performs poorly (NSE = 0.67). These results provide a basis for establishing process‐based erosion models on steep colluvial slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No nomogram of peri‐implantitis was reported before which is valuable for risk‐estimating, clinical decision‐making, and better‐patients‐communicating. Purpose To identify the risk indicators and develop a nomogram prediction model of peri‐implantitis in treated severe periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with 214 implants. Periodontal and peri‐implant parameters were evaluated at implant surgery procedure (T1), and at follow‐up (T2). Risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression analyses with generalized estimating equations. Nomogram was developed and the discriminatory ability of the model was analyzed. Results: The incidence of peri‐implantitis at patient‐level and implant level were 16% and 11.2% respectively, with no implant lost. The variables associated with peri‐implantitis were the PDT1 ≥ 6 mm (%) > 10%, the implant position, length, and diameter after adjusting for covariates. A nomogram prediction model of peri‐implantitis were developed with factors of PD T1 ≥ 6 mm (%) > 10% and implant placed in posterior. The area under the ROC curves of stepwise model was 0.794. Conclusions: The residual pockets and implants position were identified as predictors for the peri‐implantitis. The nomogram can be used to estimate the risk of peri‐implantitis in treated severe periodontitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mengxi porphyry copper deposit, situated in the eastern Junggar, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is not a typical porphyry copper deposit, and the origin of the deposit has been a topical debate for a decade. The ore bodies of the Mengxi porphyry copper deposit mainly developed in the volcanic‐sedimentary terrane (Huangcaopo Group) near a granite porphyry, with strong wall‐rock alteration as well as vertical zonation and fracture‐related vein fillings. The result of zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the granite porphyry was emplaced at 432.6 ± 6.7 Ma. The granite porphyry has relatively low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70465–0.70537), high whole‐rock ƐNd(t) values (−2.2 to 6.6), and similar geochemical affinities of adakites and Andean island arc volcanic rocks, indicating that the Mengxi granite porphyry was derived from the partial melting of the upper mantle modified by slab‐derived fluids, with negligible assimilation of crust. Pyrites from the porphyry and volcanic‐sedimentary terrane have a similar δ34S and Pb isotopic compositions, indicating that different pyrites may have similar source. Based on the detailed field investigation, observed mineral assemblages, and crosscutting relationships, massive fine anhedral chalcopyrite and bornite disseminated in the Huangcaopo Formation, chalcopyrite as inclusion in pyrite veins in the contact zone, and the amount of Cu‐bearing minerals increased from terrane to veins have been recognized. All these observations reveal that the ore‐forming materials of the Mengxi copper deposit were mainly derived from the metasomatic alteration of the Huangcaopo Group triggered by the extensive Early Devonian tectonic‐magmatic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orebodies in the Xiadian gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China are mainly hosted in the Mesozoic granitoids, controlled structurally by the Zhaoyuan–Pingdu Fault Zone, and occur as disseminated and cataclastic altered type. Four mineralization stages were identified as follows: quartz–pyrite stage (I), gold‐bearing fine‐grained pyrite–quartz stage (II), polymetallic sulfide–quartz stage (III), and quartz–carbonate stage (IV). Quartz was classified as including quartz granules with dentation boundaries (I), cataclastic quartz grain assemblages (II and III), and rod‐like quartz grains (IV). Petrography, laser Raman analysis, and microthermometry of fluid inclusions in these stages (in both tunnel and borehole samples) reveal (a) CO2–H2O fluid inclusions (C–H type), (b) CO2–H2O ± CH4 fluid inclusions (C–H–CH4 type), and (c) aqueous fluid inclusions (H type). Fluid immiscibility caused by fluid mixing caused rapid precipitation of gold. The ore‐forming fluid of the Xiadian gold deposit evolves from an H2O–CO2–NaCl ± CH4 system with medium temperature and salinity to an H2O–NaCl system with low temperature and salinity, from CO2‐rich to CO2‐poor in composition and from a mixture of magmatic water with increasing meteoric water as δ18OH2O values. Sulphur isotope compositions suggest a mixed source of ore metal, and the Jiaodong Group may be a major source for sulphur. Fluid parameters of borehole samples indicate that there is the same fluid system for Au precipitation at different depths and fault gouge with poor permeability may play a crucial role in forming a relatively closed semi‐open space for Au precipitation. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including regional geology, ore geology, and fluid inclusions and stable isotope geochemistry, the Xiadian gold deposit is concluded as an orogenic‐type gold deposit formed in the tectonic transition from compression to extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the previous studies, the criterion for deciding the occurrence time of the fetal central sulcus (CS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the observation by the eyes. There have been no existing quantitative standards or numerical criteria in this field. In this study, we reconstructed the three-dimension (3D) images of the fetal brain based on the 7.0T MR images of 45 Chinese fetal specimens from the 11 to 22 weeks of gestational age (GA). Then we obtained data by measuring the maximum depth and length of the CS so as to analyze the early developmental pattern of it. These measures, especially CS depth, can be used to quantitatively determine the time of emergence of the fetal CS during the development. Statistics show that there are no gender or interhemispheric asymmetries of the CS from GA of 11 to 22 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immobilised Mn(salen) catalysts with two different linkages were studied in the asymmetric epoxidation of cis/ trans-β-methylstyrene using NaClO as oxidant. The immobilised Mn(salen) complexes inside nanopores can lead to different catalytic behaviour compared with that of homogeneous Jacobsen catalyst. The rigidity of the linkage was found to be a key factor affecting the catalytic performance of immobilised catalysts. The immobilised catalyst with a rigid linkage exhibited comparable chemical selectivity, enantioselectivity and cis/ trans ratio of product formation to that obtained with homogeneous Jacobsen catalysts. In contrast, the immobilised catalyst with a flexible linkage gave remarkably lower chemical selectivity, enantioselectivity and inverted cis/ trans ratio compared with the results obtained with the homogeneous Jacobsen catalyst and the immobilised catalyst with rigid linkage. Thus, for immobilised Mn(salen) catalysts, a rigid linkage connecting active centres to the support is essential to obtain activity and enantioselectivity as high as those obtained in homogeneous systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR) spectroscopy for detecting diffuse axonal injury ( DAI) in a mouse model. Brain tissues from DAI mouse model were prepared with H&E, silver, and β-amyloid precursor protein (β- APP) immunohistochemistry stains and were also studied with FTIR. The infrared spectrum images showed high absorption of amide II in the subcortical white matter of the experimental mouse brain, while there was no obvious expression of amide II in the control mouse brain. The areas with high absorption of amide II were in the same distribution as the DAI region confirmed by the silver and β- APP studies. The result suggests that high absorption of amide II correlates with axonal injury. The use of FTIR imaging allows the biochemical changes associated with DAI pathologies to be detected in the tissues, thus providing an important adjunct method to the current conventional pathological diagnostic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intertrochanteric femur fracture is the most common hip fracture in elderly people, and the academic community has reached a consensus that early surgery is imperative. Proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation (PFNA) and InterTan are the preferred internal fixation devices for intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly individuals due to their advantages, such as a short lever arm, minimal stress shielding, and resistance to rotation. However, PFNA is associated with complications such as nail back‐out and helical blade cut‐out due to stress concentration. As a new internal fixation device for intertrochanteric femur fractures, the proximal femoral biodegradable nail (PFBN) addresses the issue of nail back‐out and offers more stable fracture fixation, a shorter lever arm, and stress distribution compared to PFNA and InterTan. Clinical studies have shown that compared to PFNA, PFBNs lead to faster recovery of hip joint function, shorter non‐weight‐bearing time, and faster fracture healing. This article provides a literature review of the structural characteristics, biomechanical analysis, and clinical studies of PFBNs, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of internal fixation devices for the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly patients and to improve the quality of life of patients during the postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Pingshun Akarn Iron Deposit, Southern Taihang Mountains, China. Topics include pingshun skam iron deposits contain 126 iron ore bodies, importance of participation of crust material in extraction, transportation and precipitation of iron materials, and deposition of iron-rich magmatic hydrothermal fluids around calcareous rock.