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Topological defects in ferroic materials can exhibit intrinsic properties that differ from the bulk. Here， structural and electronic variations of non‐prominent (W') ferroelastic twin domain walls are investigated in BiVO4, a widely investigated photocatalytic material. Using aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), a kink configuration of the sharp ferroelastic twin wall with an altered electronic structure is revealed. Nanoscale conductivity measurements by conductive atomic force microscopy (c‐AFM) show higher conductivity at twin walls compared to non‐conductive bulk domains. Electronic structure investigation by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) shows a higher density of oxygen vacancies and possible polaron accumulation at the wall. These findings reveal the electronic properties of BiVO4 domain walls, which are interesting for nanoscale‐engineered catalytic concepts of BiVO4 and materials design for photochemistry‐relevant applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the finite‐time recoil control problem of deepwater drilling riser systems with nonlinear friction force, tension force and saturation input. For the friction force, a new approximation model based on radial basis function neural networks is presented, which not only can ensure a better approximation effect than the sine‐function type and exponential‐polynomial‐function type computational models, but also can be easily used for control design. Different from the existing linear optimal control methods, a neural‐network‐based adaptive backstepping control method is proposed to deal with the nonlinear friction and tension forces, which can achieve better recoil control responses. An auxiliary system combining with the change of coordinates is employed to compensate the saturation input effect. To prolong the average release interval of control input while preserving satisfied control performance, a new switched event‐triggered control (ETC) scheme is developed, in which the triggering conditions are switched between the fixed and relative thresholds based on the strength of control signal. With the event‐triggered controller, the practical finite‐time stability condition of recoil control system is derived and the Zeno behavior is avoided. Numerical results are given to show the advantages of the proposed methods in handling the model nonlinearities, finite‐time stability and ETC performance of riser‐tension systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coarctation of the aorta (CoA) combined with heart defects or cerebral artery aneurysms is more prevalent in clinical practice. However, cases of concurrent bilateral iliac artery dissection (IAD) are extremely rare and have not been reported. Here, we described a case with CoA combined with bilateral IAD. The patient, a 62‐year‐old male, presented with acute intermittent claudication accompanied by pain and aching in both lower limbs after walking. Following a thorough medical history inquiry and examination, the patient was diagnosed with acute bilateral IAD combined with CoA. The patient underwent endovascular treatment. Postoperatively, the aortic diameter recovered, and the bilateral IAD disappeared, yielding satisfactory therapeutic results. Conclusively, endovascular treatment of aortic coarctation combined with IAD is an effective therapeutic approach, enhancing patient survival and improving their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed an auto‐configurable machine learning framework based on the differential evolution algorithm (AutoML‐DE) driven by hybrid data for the screening and discovery of promising CO2 to light olefins (CO2TLO) catalysts candidates. The hybrid dataset comprises 532 experimental data from the literature and 296 simulation data. Results show that the AutoML‐DE model with extreme gradient boosting algorithms demonstrated superior performance for predicting the conversion ratio of CO2 and selectivity of light olefins (average R2 > 0.86). After identifying the input feature with the most significant impact on the output feature, the optimal AutoML‐DE model integrated with the genetic algorithm is applied to multiobjective optimization, sensitivity analysis, and prediction of new CO2TLO catalysts. The optimized Cu‐Zn‐Al/SAPO‐34 catalyst has the highest catalytic performance among the reported CO2TLO catalysts. Moreover, five new CO2TLO catalysts with higher C2=‐C4= yields are successfully predicted. However, the performance of these catalysts should be further verified by experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of (001)‐oriented 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)−0.3PbTiO3 (PMN‐30PT) with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary have attracted considerable attention due to their superior dielectric and electromechanical performance. Recently, a new alternating current (electric field) poling approach used for the enhancement of dielectric and piezoelectric properties. However, the microscopic domain variants that govern the performance, especially under high‐frequency alternating current (AC) voltages, remain largely unexplored. In this work, the domain microstructure under AC poling reveals the presence of four monoclinic (MA) domain variants using a suite of scanning probe microscopy methods, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reciprocal space mapping is tuned. It is reported on the emergence of hierarchical fine domains – needle‐shaped, and 109° domain walls under applied high‐frequency AC poling. Time‐resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) reveals the charge dynamics and relaxation behavior of these needle domains and walls. The findings provide new insight and guidance to the domain engineering by high‐frequency AC poling for the development of advanced transducer technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two imidazole‐based color‐changing fluorescent probes 4‐(4,5‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐N, N‐diphenylaniline (CIN) and 4‐(4,5‐di(furan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐N, N‐diphenylaniline (FIN) were synthesized and characterized. The new probes CIN and FIN exhibit excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ with relatively low detection limits (0.26 μM and 0.10 μM) and strong anti‐interference properties. Both the probes CIN and FIN complex 1 : 1 with Fe3+ ion, and the complexation constants were 1.165×105 M−1 (CIN) and 1.899×105 M−1 (FIN), respectively. Moreover, CIN and FIN could be recycled by EDTA and could effectively monitor Fe3+ ions at pH 4–10, which ensures the sensor's potential for detecting Fe3+ in actual aqueous solutions. The probes were further applied to the detection of Fe3+ in the actual reaction of Fe2+ oxidation, and the filter paper and the probe solution are combined to make an indicator to detect Fe3+ more conveniently and quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New generations of vaccines have been developed by encapsulating messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) carriers. In addition to the physicochemical properties of LNPs, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of mRNA in LNPs is a key factor to screen vaccine assembly assays. Fluorescent dyes with amplified signals upon binding with mRNA are at the core of developing assays to quantify EE. However, disregarding the temporal effects during the assay impacts the accuracy of the assay. Here, the kinetics of temporal decay in fluorescence intensity of dye‐RNA complex—in Ribogreen assay—are reported and shown how this dynamic process can be impeded in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. Further, the impact of this dynamic process on the calculated EE is studied. The corrections needed to accurately assay dynamic mRNA loading processes are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a luminescent center ion in materials for deep red and near‐infrared light, Cr3+ has been extensively studied in octahedral host materials. In this study, using zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) and magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinels with abundant octahedra as substrates, a series of Zn1−xMgxAl2O4:0.5%Cr3+ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) fluorescent powders were first prepared via a high‐temperature solid‐state method. The influence of different Mg/Zn ratios on (Zn/Mg)Al2O4:0.5%Cr3+ optical properties was thoroughly explored. Experimental results show that an increase in the Mg/Zn ratio reduces the crystal field strength (Dq) and leads to distortion of the [AlO6] octahedra, resulting in broadening of the photoluminescence emission spectrum. Furthermore, the addition of Mg gradually reduces the formation of inverse spinel. An appropriate Mg/Zn ratio can improve luminescent intensity and quantum efficiency. In summary, this paper, through bandgap engineering by adjusting the Mg/Zn ratio, provides a detailed account of the changes in optical properties and the underlying mechanisms during the transition from ZnAl2O4:0.5%Cr3+ to MgAl2O4:0.5%Cr3+ spinels. It offers valuable insights for further research on the practical applications of Cr3+ in areas such as lighting displays and bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of small infrared targets is still a challenging task and efficient and accurate detection plays a key role in modern infrared search and tracking military applications. However, small infrared targets are difficult to detect due to their weak brightness, small size and lack of shape, structure, texture, and other information elements. In this paper, we propose a target detection method. First, to address the problem that the proximity of targets to high‐brightness clutter leads to missed detection of candidate targets, a Gaussian differential filtering preprocessed image is used to suppress high‐brightness clutter. Second, a density‐peaked global search method is used to determine the location of candidate targets in the preprocessed image. We then use local contrast to the candidate target points to enhance the gradient features and suppress background clutter. The Facet model is used to compute multidirectional gradient features at each point. A new efficient surrounding symmetric region partitioning scheme is constructed to capture the gradient characteristics of targets of different sizes in eight directions, followed by weighting the candidate target gradient characteristics using the standard deviation of the symmetric region difference. Finally, an adaptive threshold segmentation method is used to extract small targets. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has better detection accuracy and robustness compared with other detection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐containing halide perovskite materials' toxicity and instability severely restrict their ability to be used in further commercial applications. Herein, a new lead‐free and thermal stable Cs12Zn3.1Mn0.9Cl20 perovskite material obtained via a simple room temperature precipitation method is reported. A high photoluminescence quantum yield of 83.1% can be obtained from the perovskite material Cs12Zn3.1Mn0.9Cl20, which is typically made up of tetragonal vertices and is excitable by ultraviolet (UV) light. More importantly, the relative photoluminescence (PL) intensity still retains roughly 60% of that at 30 °C when the temperature continuously increases to 130 °C. The time‐resolved PL decay lifetime is calculated to be 3.40 ms. With the color coordinates at (0.208 and 0.683) provided by the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE), a bright green light‐emitting diode (LED) can be created using the green‐emitting Cs12Zn3.1Mn0.9Cl20 perovskite material. Meanwhile, a warm white LED device with the CIE color coordinates at (0.374, 0.289) and a low color‐correlated temperature of 3245 K is fabricated by the Cs12Zn3.1Mn0.9Cl20 perovskite material combining with a commercial blue and red‐emitting phosphors on a UV InGaN chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of blue/green/red tricolor upconversion (UC) phosphors under invisible light irradiation has attracted significant interest in emerging applications such as anti‐counterfeiting, three‐dimensional (3D) optical data storage, and solid‐state 3D displays. In this study, a series of LiYO2:RE3+,Yb3+ (RE = Tm, Ho, Eu) phosphors are successfully prepared via first precipitation process followed by calcination, and completely optimized for efficient tricolor UC luminescence with 980 nm laser excitation. Mechanisms involving two‐ or three‐photon absorption processes and low‐phonon‐energy‐suppressed multi‐phonon relaxation have been proposed for Ho3+(Eu3+)/Yb3+ and Tm3+/Yb3+ codoping, respectively. In addition, the RE3+ (Yb3+) concentration‐induced phase transition of the LiYO2 host is discussed for interesting possibilities in spectral regulation. Based on the broad color gamut achieved by the tricolor UC phosphor mixture, homochromatic and polychromatic metamerisms are experimentally fabricated via screen printing for high‐level anti‐counterfeiting and information security. Moreover, for a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, prototypes of 3D optical data storage and volumetric displays are constructed by embedding tricolor UC mixtures and their 3D printed patterns in polydimethylsiloxane. It is believed that the continuous exploration of tricolor UC under invisible light excitation for metamerism anti‐counterfeiting and 3D displays can promote the development of high‐level information security and advanced volumetric display technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from pathogenic bacterial biofilms has become a global health issue while developing novel antimicrobials is inefficient and costly. Combining existing multiple drugs with enhanced efficacy and/or reduced toxicity may be a promising approach to treat AMR. D‐amino acids mixtures coupled with antibiotics can provide new therapies for drug‐resistance infection with reduced toxicity by lower drug dosage requirements. However, iterative trial‐and‐error experiments are not tenable to prioritize credible drug formulations, owing to the extremely large number of possible combinations. Herein, a new avenue is provide to accelerate the exploration of desirable antimicrobial formulations via high‐throughput screening and machine learning optimization. Such an intelligent method can navigate the large search space and rapidly identify the D‐amino acid mixtures with the highest anti‐biofilm efficiency and also the synergisms between D‐amino acid mixtures and antibiotics. The optimized drug cocktails exhibit high antimicrobial efficacy while remaining non‐toxic, which is demonstrated not only from in vitro assessments but also the first in vivo study using a lung infection mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of suicide is high among major depressive adolescents. Poor sleep quality has been documented as a significant risk factor for suicide, influencing perceived social support. Enhanced social support acts as a buffer against suicidal ideation and positively impacts resilience, reducing the prevalence of suicidal ideation. This reciprocal relationship between sleep quality, social support and resilience forms the basis for understanding the mechanisms contributing to suicidal ideation in major depressive adolescents. Methods: A total of 585 major depressive adolescents aged 11 to 24 years was conducted to explore these associations. Assessments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Pearson correlation and Model 6 in the SPSS program were employed for chain mediating tests. Results: Better sleep quality positively predicted decreased suicide ideation (β = 0.207, p < 0.01) and predicted lower perceived social support (β = −0.226, p < 0.01) and resilience (β = −0.355, p < 0.01). Perceived social support positively predicted increased resilience (β = 0.422, p < 0.01) and negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = −0.288, p < 0.01). Resilience negatively predicted suicide ideation (β = −0.187, p < 0.01). Sleep quality indirectly predicted suicide ideation through perceived social support and resilience, with a mediation value of 0.0678 (95% CI [0.0359, 0.1060]), constituting 10.65% of the total effect. Conclusions: This study establishes that sleep quality indirectly predicts suicide ideation in major depressive adolescents, mediated independently by perceived social support and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multifunctional transmission line (TL) based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is proposed for dynamical switching features among bandpass, band‐stop, and dual‐band phase shifting functionalities. Different operating modes can be controlled in real‐time by changing the states of the Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN) diodes synchronously. The dispersion properties of the spoof plasmonic unit cell and transmission characteristics of the tunable PIN‐diodes‐loaded spoof plasmonic TL are investigated to highlight the basic theory and method. A prototype of the proposed TL composed of five cascaded unit cells is fabricated and tested for proof‐of‐concept validation. In the ON state of the PIN diodes, the measured −3 dB transmission frequency bandwidth ranges from 3 to 8.1 GHz for the bandpass characteristic. In the OFF state, the measured −10 dB rejection band spans from 3.7 to 5.6 GHz for the bandstop characteristic. When the diodes are switched between ON and OFF states, the measured dual‐band phase shifts vary from 192° to 203° and 248° to 292° in the 3.1–3.4 GHz and 6.1–9.4 GHz frequency bands, respectively. The validated switchable features of the TL pave the way for applications of tunable SSPPs in large‐scale integrated circuits and smart wireless communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon‐based nanoparticles are widely regarded as promising nanofillers in nanocomposites to pursue advanced properties. To date, there has been a lack of systematic investigation into the structural variations of nanofillers and their influences on dispersion characteristics, as well as the resulting mechanical properties of nanocomposites. In this study, nanodiamond (ND), carbon nanotube (CNT), and graphene (GNP) were selected as the representative zero‐, one‐, and two‐dimensional nanofillers, respectively. A novel functionalization technique utilizing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was employed to disperse nanofillers. The various characterization techniques and experimental results revealed that CMC functionalization was effective in reducing the agglomeration and improving the distribution uniformity of all three nanofillers. Among the three nanofillers, zero‐dimensional ND exhibited the most homogeneous dispersion quality in epoxy nanocomposites. The strongest abrasion resistance was found in ND‐reinforced epoxy nanocomposites, while CNT‐reinforced epoxy nanocomposites exhibited the best tensile properties. Highlights: Nanodiamond with a spherical structure had better dispersion characteristics.Cylindrical carbon nanotube and planar graphene tended to agglomerate.Nanodiamond reinforced nanocomposites had better abrasion resistance.Carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites had better tensile properties.Carboxymethyl cellulose functionalization was valid for all three nanofillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the arrival of a global aging society, elderly‐care robots are becoming more and more attractive and can provide better caring services through action recognition. This article presents a skeleton‐guided action recognition framework with multistream 3D convolutional neural network. Two parallel dual‐stream lightweight networks are proposed to enhance the feature extraction ability of human action and meanwhile reduce computation. Two different modes of skeleton input video are constructed to improve the recognition accuracy by decision fusion. The backbone networks adopt Resnet‐18, the feature fusion layer and sliding window mechanism are both designed, and two cross‐entropy losses are used to supervise their training. A dataset (named elder care action recognition (EC‐AR)) with different categories of action is built. The experimental results on HMDB‐51 and EC‐AR datasets both demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms the existing methods. The developed method is also applied to a prototype of elderly‐care robots, and the test results in home scenarios show that it still has high recognition accuracy and good real‐time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powder mixers are used in many industries. In the present work, a new type of air swirling mixer was designed and optimized with eight horizontally arranged inlet pipes at the tangential inlet angle of 35°. The mixing of multi‐sized spherical particles (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mm) was numerically investigated in the air swirling mixer by coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method. The numerical results showed that multi‐sized particles achieved comparable mixing performance to monodisperse particles. The Lacey index for multi‐sized particles increased initially, and then reached a maximum value at 0.824. The upward velocity of the particles, vz, increased initially, and then decreased to zero along the bed height. The maximum value of vz occurred at a height of 40 mm. Particle radial velocity was larger near the wall than at the mixer tube centre area. The smallest particles aggregated in three layers. The collision number of the particles reached a maximum at bed height of 120 mm, which was consistent with the position of the maximum stress of the particles against the tube wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we fabricated a novel spinel‐type phosphor material MgAl2−xGaxO4 doped with Cr3+ by the high‐temperature solid‐state sintering method. The crystal field environment of the spinel was tuned by replacing the Al ions with Ga3+ ions of different concentrations. The cell volume and Dq/B gradient increase from 2.82 to 2.62 with increasing Ga3+ ion doping concentration. This also implies a gradual decrease in the field strength of the crystal. Based on this, the excitation spectra of MgAl1.995−xGaxO4:0.5%Cr3+ phosphors yield a redshift. Increasing the Ga3+ ion doping concentration also improves the emission intensity and thermal stability of the phosphors, and the emission intensity of the Ga3+‐doped phosphors is significantly increased. For a Ga/Al ratio of 1, the thermal stability of the phosphor emission is optimal. The emission intensity at 140°C can maintain 76% of the emission intensity at room temperature, indicating that appropriate Ga3+ ion doping can improve the emission efficiency and thermal stability of the phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical friction leads to wear and energy dissipation, and its control is of high importance in new‐generation miniature electromechanical devices. 2D materials such as graphene are considered to be excellent solid lubricants due to their ultralow friction and have attracted considerable research interest. Unique friction properties are discovered in various other 2D materials. However, the friction of functional van der Waals materials which have potential applications in novel nanoelectronics, like ferroelectric copper indium thiophosphate, has barely been studied. Herein, the study reports on the observation of inhomogeneous friction behavior existing in copper‐deficient CuInP2S6 (Cu0.2In1.26P2S6), which exhibits a nanoscale phase separation of polar and non‐polar crystalline phases. The paraelectric In4/3P2S6 phase exhibits higher friction than the ferroelectric CuInP2S6 phase, while phase boundaries between the two phases, interestingly, display the lowest friction. The origin of this phenomenon is attributed to different lattice strains of phases together with the presence of large strains at the nanoscale phase boundaries, which also manifests in the nonuniform tip‐sample adhesion force. The findings provide new insights into nanoscale device design and wear behavior of a phase‐separated van der Waals ferroelectric, which may help to reduce the power consumption of friction‐exhibiting devices and extend their service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical friction leads to wear and energy dissipation, and its control is of high importance in new‐generation miniature electromechanical devices. 2D materials such as graphene are considered to be excellent solid lubricants due to their ultralow friction and have attracted considerable research interest. Unique friction properties are discovered in various other 2D materials. However, the friction of functional van der Waals materials which have potential applications in novel nanoelectronics, like ferroelectric copper indium thiophosphate, has barely been studied. Herein, the study reports on the observation of inhomogeneous friction behavior existing in copper‐deficient CuInP2S6 (Cu0.2In1.26P2S6), which exhibits a nanoscale phase separation of polar and non‐polar crystalline phases. The paraelectric In4/3P2S6 phase exhibits higher friction than the ferroelectric CuInP2S6 phase, while phase boundaries between the two phases, interestingly, display the lowest friction. The origin of this phenomenon is attributed to different lattice strains of phases together with the presence of large strains at the nanoscale phase boundaries, which also manifests in the nonuniform tip‐sample adhesion force. The findings provide new insights into nanoscale device design and wear behavior of a phase‐separated van der Waals ferroelectric, which may help to reduce the power consumption of friction‐exhibiting devices and extend their service life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the alterations in the retinal vasculature and microstructure in dry‐type high myopia. Methods: One hundred and eighty‐nine dry‐type high myopia eyes were classified into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 86 eyes with no myopic retinal degenerative lesion (C0). Group 2 consisted of 71 eyes with tessellated fundus (C1). Group 3 consisted of 32 eyes with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (C2). Retinal vascular density and retinal thickness were measured with optical coherence tomography angiography. The scanning area was a 3 × 3 mm2 ring with the fovea of the macular. All data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 by one‐way ANOVA test among comparison groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relations among measurements. Univariate linear regression showed a correlation between the vascular densities and retinal thicknesses. Results: The microvessel density significantly decreased and significant thinning of the superior and temporal macular thickness in the C2 group. The vascular densities of macular decreased significantly with the increase of axial length (AL) and refractive diopter in the C2 group. The retinal thicknesses of the macular fovea increased significantly with the increase of vascular densities in the C0 group and C1 group. Conclusions: The impairment of retinal microstructure is more likely related to reduced oxygen and nutrients due to microvessel density decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no antiviral study on hemodialysis patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), especially on the application of 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐β ‐fluoro‐4′‐azidocytidine (Azvudine, FNC) antiviral therapy. We conducted a multicenter observational study involving 1008 hemodialysis patients. After matching for age, sex, and other factors, 182 patients in the basic treatment group and 182 in the FNC group were included. The negative nucleic acid conversion rate of the FNC group was significantly higher than that of the basic treatment group, and viral loads, interleukin‐6, and C‐reactive protein were significantly lower than those of the basic treatment group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in liver function, renal function, or the number of adverse events between the two groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our study has provided novel evidence suggesting that the FNC scheme may be safe and effective compared to the basic treatment of hemodialysis patients with common COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have become the main method for face recognition (FR). To deploy deep CNN models on embedded and mobile devices, several lightweight FR models have been proposed. However, multi‐scale facial features are seldom considered in these approaches. To overcome this limitation, an attention‐based hierarchical pyramid feature fusion (AHPF) structure was proposed in this paper. Specifically, hierarchical multi‐scale features were directly extracted from the backbone based on its pyramidal hierarchy, and the bidirectional cross‐scale connection was used to better combine the high‐level global features with low‐level local features. In addition, instead of simple concatenation or summation, an attention‐based feature fusion mechanism was used to highlight the most recognizable facial patches, and to address the unequal contribution to the output during the fusing process. Based on the AHPF structure and efficient backbones, multiple sizes of lightweight FR models were presented, called HSFNet. After an extensive experimental evaluation involving 10 mainstream benchmarks, the proposed models consistently achieved state‐of‐the‐art FR performance compared to other lightweight FR models with same level of model complexity. With only 0.659M parameters and 94.94M FLOPs, our HSFNet‐05‐M exhibited a performance competitive with recent top‐ranked FR models containing up to 4M parameters and 500M FLOPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the e‐commerce platform decides whether to distribute electronic coupons during the promotional period: Single coupon (SC) and double coupon (DC) are available. We analyze the difference in promotional strengths and profit levels between the two coupon scenarios. With the retailer in the SC scenario promoting more when the platform commission rate is increased. In the DC scenario, the larger the gains of the manufacturer and the platform during the promotional period, and the profit trends of the dual‐channel in the original price period remain the same. The platform can only enjoy significant benefits when the platform fee is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins are important natural plant pigments and play diverse roles in plant growth and adaptation. Anthocyanins function as screens to protect photosynthetic tissues from photoinhibition. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and spatial accumulation pattern of anthocyanins remain some unresolved issues. Here, we demonstrate that the GARP‐type transcription factor GOLDEN2‐LIKE 1 (GLK1) functions as a positive factor in anthocyanin accumulation. GLK1 enhances the transcriptional activation activities of MYB75, MYB90, and MYB113 via direct protein‐protein interactions to increase the expression of anthocyanin‐specific biosynthetic genes. Anthocyanins accumulate in an acropetal manner in Arabidopsis. We also found that the expression pattern of GLK1 overall mimicked the accumulation pattern of anthocyanin from the base of the main stem to the shoot apex. Based on these findings, we established a working model for the role of GLK1 in anthocyanin accumulation and propose that GLK1 mediates the spatial distribution pattern of anthocyanins by affecting the transcriptional activation activities of MYB75, MYB90, and MYB113. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthesis of 3‐methyl‐4‐(arylmethylene)isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones are developed via cyclocondensation in 84–94 % yields starting from aromatic aldehydes, hydroxylamine with ethyl acetoacetate vitamin B1 is catalyzed under ultrasound radiation, and are characterized by HR‐MS, FT‐IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The reaction has simple operation, metal‐free catalysis, acid or base free catalysis. As a green catalyst, vitamin B1 is found to possess favorable catalytic activity and reusability for the condensation reaction. 5‐(2‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)‐3‐methylisoxazol‐5(4H)‐one as a metal ion fluorescent probe, has excellent selectivity to Sr2+ and exhibits obvious discoloration. Fe2+ quenches the fluorescence of the ligand 3‐methyl‐4‐(2,3,4‐trihydroxybenzylidene)isoxazol‐5(4H)‐one, and exhibits an obvious color change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the application of deep learning methods for predicting the in vitro pitting corrosion behaviour of coated magnesium alloys with different microstructures. The datasets are generated by phase field simulation of pitting corrosion. Performance analysis shows that physics‐informed convolutional neural network (CNN) is superior to regular CNN in predicting corrosion curve. A good agreement between deep learning predictions and the ground truths indicates excellent predictive performance of the current encoder‐decoder architecture regardless of the variation of microstructures. Furthermore, the computational time is reduced by 4 to 6 orders of magnitude compared to the phase field simulation. The computational results demonstrate that machine learning based approach is promising alternative to traditional modelling methods for predicting pitting corrosion of coated magnesium alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody immunotherapy, has revolutionized the treatment ways of cancers and provided remarkable clinical benefits for multiple cancers. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors with an immune‐excluded or immune‐suppressed phenotype is dismal due to the lack or paucity of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, an emerging photoimmunotherapy based on remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment is reported, ascribed to nanoagonist‐mediated gasdermin E (GSDME)‐dependent pyroptosis and providing positive feedback to activate anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. An iridium‐based photosensitizer (IrP) carrying methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 (R@IrP) lead to rapid cell pyroptosis via the caspase‐3/GSDME pathway under the light activation. Furthermore, light‐elicited pyroptosis synergized with anti‐PD‐1 to induce anti‐tumor photoimmunotherapy. The pro‐inflammatory factors released by pyroptotic cells remodel the inflammatory microenvironment and recruit immune cells to kill tumor cells, resulting in CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation, PD‐1 expression enhancement, and dendritic cell slightly maturation. Collectively, these findings present a synergistic strategy of photoimmunotherapy, that is, turning immunological cold tumors into hot tumors that can respond to anti‐PD‐1‐based immunotherapy via precise pathway regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimode fiber shows tremendous potential in promoting the microminiaturization of optical endoscopes. However, multimode transmission is quite sensitive to fiber deformations and environmental changes. High‐accuracy transmission of complex images through a multimode fiber using traditional methods remains challenging research. Deep learning, which shows enormous vitality in optical imaging, may break through this limitation. Here, a deep neural network: U‐architecture speckles imaging network (USINET) is presented to realize high accuracy reconstruction of complex images under different multimode fiber transmission conditions. Furthermore, a shallow neural network: convolutional neural network (CNN)‐architecture speckles recognition network (CSRNET) is designed to realize high accuracy recognition for multiple categories of speckles at the output of multimode fiber under different bending states. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed networks can realize high accuracy transmission and recognition of complex images through multimode fibers, which indicates the application prospect of multimode fibers combined with deep learning in minimally invasive medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for plant growth and productivity. Thus, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plants' response to phosphate starvation is significant when breeding crops with higher phosphorus‐use efficiency.Here, we found that GARP‐type transcription factor GLK1 acted as a positive regulator for phosphate‐starvation response (PSR) via the PHR1‐dependent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. GLK1 increased the transcription activity of PHR1 through the direct physical interaction and regulated the multiple responses to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) starvation.Nitrogen (N) is a key factor in the regulation of PSR. We also found that the N status controlled the function of the GLK1‐PHR1 signaling module under Pi‐deficient (LP) conditions by regulating the accumulation of GLK1 and PHR1. Ultimately, we showed that the presence of GLK1 effectively promoted the protein accumulation of PHR1 at low N concentrations, and this action was helpful to maintain the activation of PSR.According to these findings, we establish the working model for GLK1 in PSR and propose that GLK1 mediates the interaction between N and P by influencing the effect of N on PHR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress (HS) caused by ambient high temperature poses a threat to plants. In the natural and agricultural environment, plants often encounter repeated and changeable HS. Moderate HS primes plants to establish a molecular 'thermomemory' that enables plants to withstand a later‐and possibly more extreme‐HS attack. Recent years, brassinosteroids (BRs) have been implicated in HS response, whereas the information is lacking on whether BRs signal transduction modulates thermomemory. Here, we uncover the positive role of BRs signalling in thermomemory of Arabidopsis thaliana. Heat priming induces de novo synthesis and nuclear accumulation of BRI1‐Ethyl methyl sulfon‐SUPPRESSOR (BES1), which is the key regulator of BRs signalling. BRs promote the accumulation of dephosphorylated BES1 during memory phase, and stoppage of BRs synthesis impairs dephosphorylation. During HS memory, BES1 is required to maintain sustained induction of HS memory genes and directly targets APX2 and HSFA3 for activation. In summary, our results reveal a BES1‐required, BRs‐enhanced transcriptional control module of thermomemory in Arabidopsis thaliana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In‐sensor computing with visual information, which can integrate photo‐sensing, data storage, and computation functions within the same physical element, has promised a fundamentally different architecture for future machine vision technology with extreme energy and time efficiency. The elementary devices required to fulfil the goal of such a new sensory computation scheme would demand a bold functional variation to the existing sensor and data processing hardware. Here, a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure‐based optoelectronic transistor that can act as an integrated photoreceptor, memory, and computation unit by exploiting its own physical attributes is demonstrated. It is found that diverse photoelectric control of device conductance can lead to versatile photoresponse characteristics, including memristive behaviors, retention‐, polarity‐ and strength‐tunable photoconductance, photoelectric‐coupling effect, etc. Exploiting the photoelectric‐coupling effect, reconfigurable and nonvolatile optoelectronic logic functions are realized in this device, featuring a logic‐in‐sensor unit. With the same device, both short‐ and long‐term synaptic plasticity can be faithfully emulated, rendering it an optoelectronic synaptic transistor. Moreover, a psychologic human memory model is implemented with the device, showing the emulation of memorization and learning processes. This prototypical demonstration provides a promising hardware system for visual information in‐sensor computing capable of addressing complex computation tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of highly efficient oxygen catalysts is crucial for improving the storage capacity and stability of Li‐O2 batteries. Herein, we report a simple engineering method to prepare the composite electrocatalyst of the CoNi alloy nanoparticles anchored on the N‐doped porous carbon substrate (CoNi/NC), which exhibits the enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the Li‐O2 batteries due to the synergetic effect between the bimetal CoNi alloy and the N‐doped porous carbon framework. The porous structure can expose more active sites, enhance the mass transfer, and temporarily store the Li2O2 intermediate. The CoNi/NC catalyst makes the batteries show a high discharge capacity of 17783 mA h g−1, a low overvoltage of 1.03 V, and long cycle life of 194 cycles. These results indicate that such a simple engineering preparation method can benefit the large‐scale production of high‐efficiency and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant defense hormone, salicylic acid (SA), plays essential roles in immunity and systemic acquired resistance. Salicylic acid induced by the pathogen is perceived by the receptor nonexpressor of pathogenesis‐related genes 1 (NPR1), which is recruited by TGA transcription factors to induce the expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes. However, the mechanism by which post‐translational modifications affect TGA's transcriptional activity by salicylic acid signaling/pathogen infection is not well‐established. Here, we report that the loss‐of‐function mutant of brassinosteroid insensitive2 (BIN2) and its homologs, bin2‐3 bil1 bil2, causes impaired pathogen resistance and insensitivity to SA‐induced PR gene expression, whereas the gain‐of‐function mutant, bin2‐1, exhibited enhanced SA signaling and immunity against the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that salicylic acid activates BIN2 kinase, which in turn phosphorylates TGA3 at Ser33 to enhance TGA3 DNA binding ability and NPR1–TGA3 complex formation, leading to the activation of PR gene expression. These findings implicate BIN2 as a new component of salicylic acid signaling, functioning as a key node in balancing brassinosteroid‐mediated plant growth and SA‐induced immunity. Synopsis: How pathogen‐induced salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes is integrated into more long‐term signals is incompletely understood. Here, the brassinosteroid signaling kinase BIN2 is found involved in SA signaling via TGA transcription factor phosphorylation.BIN2 is an indispensable component of SA signaling;BIN2 interacts with and phosphorylates TGA3;SA‐induced phosphorylation of TGA3 by BIN2 promotes the interaction between TGA3 and NPR1, which enhances the transcriptional activity of TGA3;SA‐induced TGA3 phosphorylation positively regulates plant immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalysts with high efficiency are crucial for improving the storage capacity and electrochemical stability of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). In this work, through a facile hydrothermal method, cobalt–nitrogen‐doped carbon nanocubes (Co–N/C), the calcination products of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF–67) are encapsulated by ultrathin C–MoS2 nanosheets to obtain Co–N/C@C–MoS2 composites which are used as host materials for the oxygen cathode. The synergistic effect between Co–Nx active sites and Mo–N coupling centers effectively promotes the formation and decomposition of Li2O2 during repeated discharge and charge process. The mesoporous C–MoS2 nanosheets with delicately designed morphology facilitate charge transfer and account for improved reaction kinetics and more importantly, suppressed side reactions between the carbon materials and the electrolyte. The oxygen cathode with the Co–N/C@C–MoS2 host shows a high initial discharge specific capacity of 21 197 mA h g−1 and a long operation life of 332 cycles. Theoretical calculation provides in‐depth explanation for the reaction mechanism and offers insights for the rational design of electrocatalysts for LOBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignant tumour of the urinary tract. The major causes of poor prognosis are the lack of early diagnosis and metastasis. Accumulating research reveals that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can play key roles in the development and the progression of cancer. However, the role of circRNAs in ccRCC is still uncertain. Methods: The circRNAs microarray (n = 4) was performed to investigate the circRNAs with differential expression in ccRCC tissues. The candidate circRNA was selected based on the cut‐off criteria, such as circRNA expression abundance, circRNA size and the design of divergent primers. The circ‐transportin‐3 (TNPO3) levels in ccRCC tissues were tested by quantitative real‐time (qRT)‐PCR (n = 110). The characteristics and subcellular localization of circ‐TNPO3 were identified via RNase R assay, qRT‐PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Then, we explored the biological roles of circ‐TNPO3 in ccRCC via the function experiments in vitro and in vivo. RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation, bioinformatic analysis, RNA‐FISH assays and rescue assays were applied to validate the interactions between circ‐TNPO3, insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) and serpin family H member 1 (SERPINH1) to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of circ‐TNPO3. Results: We detected the obvious downregulation of circ‐TNPO3 in ccRCC compared to matched adjacent normal tissues (n = 110). The lower circ‐TNPO3 expression was found in ccRCC patients with distant metastasis, higher World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathologists (WHO/ISUP) grade and more advanced tumour T stage. In vitro and in vivo, circ‐TNPO3 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, we elucidated that circ‐TNPO3 directly bound to IGF2BP2 protein and then destabilized SERPINH1 mRNA. Moreover, IGF2BP2/SERPINH1 axis was responsible for circ‐TNPO3's function of inhibiting ccRCC metastasis. Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) was probably involved in the biogenesis of circ‐TNPO3. Conclusions: Circ‐TNPO3 can suppress ccRCC progression and metastasis via directly binding to IGF2BP2 protein and destabilizing SERPINH1 mRNA. Circ‐TNPO3 may act as a potential target for ccRCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous investigations have been done in pursuing phosphors with quantum yield (QY) greater than unity in terms of downconversion (DC) strategies, as well as applications in display, lighting, and particularly in novel solar cells with efficiency exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit (≈30%). It is of significant interest that: i) DC of one high‐energy photon to two or more low‐energy photons is widely found in lanthanide and/or transition‐metal ions activated materials; ii) broadening of absorption spanning ultraviolet/blue range is achieved by introducing sensitizers with spin‐allowed transitions and especially by combining the advancing perovskite quantum dots, nanostructures, and organic dye molecules; iii) internal QY ≫ 1 and even measured QY > 1 are claimed in many near‐infrared (NIR) DC systems; iv) applications of downconverting layer atop commercial solar cells are performed to increase the photon conversion efficiency. In this review, the development of DC in theories, concepts, and experiments is first summarized, then the breakthrough in visible‐DC is briefly highlighted, NIR‐DC with latest progresses in models, materials, techniques as well as the corresponding optimizations and practices as effective downconverting layers is elaborated, and finally concluding remarks and perspectives in advancing NIR‐DC and applications in novel solar cells are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bend corner of Fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has been shown significantly lower tensile strength than the straight portion. To date, various prediction models were developed for the bend corner strength. In this study, three types of six prediction models are reviewed and evaluated based on a most extensive database to date, including tests from 15 investigations from 1999 to 2020. The validities of the models for cross‐section types and test methods are analyzed. The logarithmic and linear regression models are further modified. The macro‐mechanical model provides the best predictions for the whole database with similar validity for test specimens with different cross‐section types. The linear regression and logarithmic models show lower accuracy and inconsistency in cross‐section types. The different test methods adopted in the literature show limited influence on the bend corner strength and the performance of the prediction models. The proposed cross‐section geometry factor can effectively consider the cross‐section types and the modified linear regression and logarithmic models could provide more accurate predictions. The model evaluations and modifications in this study could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the calculation philosophy of the bend corner strength of FRP reinforcement, which could be used for the future updates of shear design provisions for FRP reinforced concrete structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of heteroaryl halides with chlorodifluoroacetamides and chlorodifluoroacetate has been developed. The combination of NiCl2 ⋅ DME with 4,4′‐diNon‐bpy, co‐ligand PPh3, and additive LiCl renders the catalytic system efficient for the synthesis of medicinal interest heteroaryldifluoroacetamides. The application of the method leads to short and highly efficient synthesis of biologically active molecules, providing a facile route for applications in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topotactic transitions, that is, reversible crystal structure changes due to controllable stoichiometry of material, offer substantial potential to control a wide variety of functionality in transition metal oxides, especially in systems with high ionic mobility and correlated electrons. Here the authors report on topotactic electrochromism with prominent coloration efficiency in SrCo0.66Fe0.34O3−δ associated with changes of electrical conductivity and electronic structure of the material. Changes in electron correlation lead to significant coloration and light absorption, which provides a general approach for utilizing topotactic transitions in electrochromic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is highly desirable to develop self‐healing anticorrosion coatings with enhanced antibacterial function to prevent the scratched area to be fouled or corroded in harsh environments. Herein, we report antibacterial self‐healing anticorrosion coatings via the simple incorporation of the easily synthesized single polymer microcapsule system. Well‐defined polymer microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a healing agent and 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐n‐octyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one (DCOIT) as antibacterial molecules were synthesized by one‐pot polymerization. The diameter and core fraction were around 30 μm and 90%, respectively. The active DCOIT content in the core material could be precisely controlled by adjusting the DCOIT/IPDI feeding ratio. The DCOIT/IPDI microcapsules‐embedded protective coating exhibits an adaptive self‐healing anticorrosion property, as shown by electrochemical test under the condition of the salt‐water immersion. Furthermore, the self‐healing coating showed efficient antibacterial function against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is due to the released active biocide molecules on the damaged surfaces. In contrast to other systems, this single capsule system without any catalyst is perspective for extending the service time of the antibacterial self‐healing materials in harsh environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological states in the early life environment of mammalian offspring, including maternal obesity and intrauterine overnutrition, can induce obesity and metabolic disorder later in life. Leptin resistance caused by upregulation of Socs3 in the hypothalamus of offspring was believed to be the main mechanism of this effect. In this study, obese mother (OM) and lean mother (LM) models were generated by feeding C57BL/6N female mice a high‐fat diet or standard lean diet, respectively. Additionally, an obese mother with intervention (OMI) model was generated by injecting the high‐fat diet group with Socs3‐shRNA lentivirus during early pregnancy. The offspring of the groups was correspondingly named OM‐F1, LM‐F1, and OMI‐F1, representing progeny mouse models of different early life environments. The offspring were fed a high‐fat diet to test their propensity for obesity. The body weight, food intake and fat accumulation were higher, while glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were worse in the OM‐F1 group than LM‐F1 group. By contrast, the obesity phenotype, hyperphagia and metabolic disorder were alleviated in the OMI‐F1 group compared with the OM‐F1 group. The mechanism was identified that downregulation of hypothalamic SOCS3 resulted in an increased level of p‐STAT3 and p‐JAK2, which ameliorated the leptin resistance and restored the lean expression of appetite regulatory genes (Pomc and Agrp) in hypothalamus of OMI‐F1 group. Taken together, these results indicate that reducing maternal Socs3 expression during pregnancy can attenuate obesity caused by the early life environment in mice, which may inspire therapies that enable obese mothers to bear metabolically healthy children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), or Nora's lesion, is a rare benign osteochondromatous lesion. At present, the molecular etiology of BPOP remains unclear. JMJD3(KDM6B) is an H3K27me3 demethylase and counteracts polycomb‐mediated transcription repression. Previously, Jmjd3 was shown to be critical for bone development and osteoarthritis. Here, we report that conditional deletion of Jmjd3 in chondrogenic cells unexpectedly resulted in BPOP‐like lesion in mice. Biochemical investigations revealed that Jmjd3 inhibited BPOP‐like lesion through p16Ink4a. Immunohistochemistry and RT‐qPCR assays indicated JMJD3 and p16INK4A level were significantly reduced in human BPOP lesion compared with normal subjects. This was further confirmed by Jmjd3/Ink4a double‐gene knockout mice experiments. Therefore, our results indicated the pathway of Jmjd3/p16Ink4a may be essential for the development of BPOP in human. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]