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Broadly neutralizing antibodies are proposed as therapeutic and prophylactic agents against HIV‐1, but their potency and breadth are less than optimal. This study describes the immunization of a llama with the prefusion‐stabilized HIV‐1 envelope (Env) trimer, BG505 DS‐SOSIP, and the identification and improvement of potent neutralizing nanobodies recognizing the CD4‐binding site (CD4bs) of vulnerability. Two of the vaccine‐elicited CD4bs‐targeting nanobodies, G36 and R27, when engineered into a triple tandem format with llama IgG2a‐hinge region and human IgG1‐constant region (G36×3‐IgG2a and R27×3‐IgG2a), neutralized 96% of a multiclade 208‐strain panel at geometric mean IC80s of 0.314 and 0.033 µg mL−1, respectively. Cryo‐EM structures of these nanobodies in complex with Env trimer revealed the two nanobodies to neutralize HIV‐1 by mimicking the recognition of the CD4 receptor. To enhance their neutralizing potency and breadth, nanobodies are linked to the light chain of the V2‐apex‐targeting broadly neutralizing antibody, CAP256V2LS. The resultant human‐llama bispecific antibody CAP256L‐R27×3LS exhibited ultrapotent neutralization and breadth exceeding other published HIV‐1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, with pharmacokinetics determined in FcRn‐Fc mice similar to the parent CAP256V2LS. Vaccine‐elicited llama nanobodies, when combined with V2‐apex broadly neutralizing antibodies, may therefore be able to fulfill anti‐HIV‐1 therapeutic and prophylactic clinical goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to explore the predictive relationship between sleep quality and sense of coherence (SOC) and to examine a possible moderating role of mastery in this relationship. A three‐wave longitudinal design was employed using a sample of 304 older adults aged 55–87 years old. Cross‐lagged panel analyses and moderating effect analyses showed that sleep quality can predict the levels of SOC 6 months later, whereas SOC cannot predict sleep quality 6 months later. In addition, mastery can moderate the effect of sleep quality on SOC. Specifically, the lagged effects of sleep quality on SOC in older adults who had low levels of mastery were stronger than in those who had high levels of mastery. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for understanding the predictive relationship between sleep quality and SOC and emphasise the moderating role of mastery. Also, our results offer important implications for enhancing the SOC in older adults by improving sleep quality and mastery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new information carriers, antiferromagnetic magnons have great potential in the fields of spintronics and quantum information. However, the strong exchange interaction between sublattice spins in conventional antiferromagnets results in their frequencies up to the terahertz (THz) range, hindering further exploration of related applications and physics. Recently, emerging van der Waals A‐type antiferromagnets with the weak exchange interaction may bring about a change. In this study, it demonstrates two distinct tunable ultrastrong magnon–magnon couplings in the gigahertz (GHz) band using this type of antiferromagnet, CrPS4, with a maximum normalized coupling strength (η) of 0.31. It establishes orthorhombic and monoclinic models for theoretical analyses, unambiguously showing that the ultrastrong coupling strength is caused by unique magnetocrystalline anisotropy rather than exchange enhancement. Furthermore, for the first time, it observes a continuous switching process of sublattice magnon chirality arising from the orthorhombic nature of anisotropy. These findings not only deepen the understanding of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics but also offer a powerful platform for building magnonic quantum systems and chirality‐based spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to examine the association between body image and hopelessness as well as the roles of aging self‐stereotypes and marital status in this association in older adults. There were 821 older adults who participated in the present study and completed questionaries about body image, aging self‐stereotypes, hopelessness, demographic information (age and sex), marital status, and health status. The results showed that body image was associated with hopelessness in older adults, and aging self‐stereotypes mediated the link between body image and hopelessness. Moderated analyses further indicated that the path from body image to aging self‐stereotypes was stronger for single older adults than for those who were married. The results emphasize that older adults' dissatisfaction with their body image can enhance negative aging self‐stereotypes, which then result in more severe hopelessness. Marital relationships can alleviate the negative effect of body image on aging self‐stereotypes in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the effect of metastereotypes on female cooperative behaviour, and the mediating role of intergroup anxiety. Cooperative behaviour was measured by the ultimatum game, in which a responder decides whether to accept a monetary division offered by a proposer to get the corresponding amount of money or reject it, leaving neither player with anything. Study 1, through a laboratory experiment on 62 Chinese female college students, showed that female participants in a metastereotype activation group showed more intergroup anxiety and less cooperative behaviour than participants in a control group; intergroup anxiety played a mediating role between metastereotypes and female cooperative behaviour. Study 2 (n = 94) used an imagined intergroup contact technique to reduce the level of intergroup anxiety to further verify the mediating role of intergroup anxiety obtained from Study 1. The results showed that experiencing imagined intergroup contact reduced the negative effect of metastereotypes on female cooperative behaviour through mitigating intergroup anxiety. These findings revealed the possible effects of metastereotypes on female cooperative behaviour and the related possible behavioural mechanism, providing new insights into understanding women's cooperative behaviour and improving teamwork efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus anodes are a promising for fast‐charging high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries because of their high specific capacity (2596 mAh g–1) and suitable lithiation potential (0.7 V vs Li+/Li). To solve the large volumetric change and inherent poor electrical conductivity, various carbon‐based materials have been studied for loading P. However, the local aggregation of Li ions and electrons in P particles especially in the fast‐charging process induces an uneven lithiation reaction and the great transient stress, leading to poor fast‐charging performance. Herein, bismuth nanoparticles are implanted into a P/graphite (P/C) composite using ball milling. The Bi anode works as a small Li reservoir for trapping Li in the lithiation process and emitting Li in delithiation process prior to P anode, because the Bi anode has a starting lithiation/delithiation potential that is a little bit higher/lower than the P anode. Moreover, the low Li diffusion barrier in Bi and the stable interface between Bi and P enhance the Li reservoir effect of Bi, which promotes fast and uniform lithiation/delithiation reactions and avoids continuous cracking of the Bi‐P/C electrode. Therefore, the Bi‐P/C anode provides a high fast‐charging capacity of 1755.7 mAh g–1 at 7.8 A g–1 (5.2 C) and a high capacity retention of 86.3% after 300 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery enables the development of antibody‐based antiviral therapeutics. Traditional antiviral mAb discovery relies on affinity between antibody and a viral antigen to discover potent neutralizing antibodies, but these approaches are inefficient because many high affinity mAbs have no neutralizing activity. We sought to determine whether screening for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs at reduced pH could provide more efficient neutralizing antibody discovery. We mined the antibody response of a convalescent COVID‐19 patient at both physiological pH (7.4) and reduced pH (4.5), revealing that SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies were preferentially enriched in pH 4.5 yeast display sorts. Structural analysis revealed that a potent new antibody called LP5 targets the SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐terminal domain supersite via a unique binding recognition mode. Our data combine with evidence from prior studies to support antibody screening at pH 4.5 to accelerate antiviral neutralizing antibody discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we examined the relationship between math‐gender stereotypes, academic burnout, achievement goal orientation, and self‐handicapping in Chinese adolescent students. The data came from 1170 participants (552 boys and 618 girls) from four secondary schools and was analyzed with structural equation models. The results showed that the math‐gender stereotype was positively associated with academic burnout in the girls' group. Meanwhile, girls' endorsement of the math‐gender stereotype was positively associated with academic burnout through the individual mediating effect of the performance‐avoidance goal and that of self‐handicapping. More importantly, the chain from performance‐avoidance goal to self‐handicapping also played a mediating role in the relationship between math‐gender stereotypes and academic burnout among adolescent girls. However, in the boys' group, we did not find an obvious significant relationship between math‐gender stereotypes and academic burnout. The results can contribute to the theoretical system of the motivational mechanism of academic burnout, and it may also have implications on the practice of alleviating negative effects of math‐gender stereotypes on academic burnout through minimizing the tendency of performance‐avoidance goals and self‐handicapping. Highlights: Examining the direct effect of academic gender stereotype on academic burnout.An extension of Smith's STEP model in girls' group.Providing an explanation of the mechanism of academic burnout of Chinese middle school students in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between cellphone use and achievement goals in junior high school students. The participants were 282 students randomly selected from a secondary school in Xi'an, China. The Frequency of Cellphone Use Questionnaire and the Achievement Goal Questionnaire were used as measurement tools. The results showed that cellphone use at Time 1 (T1) was significantly associated with performance goals orientation and with mastery goals orientation at both times; cellphone use at Time 2 (T2) was not correlated with performance goals orientation or mastery goals orientation at T1. The cross‐lagged analysis showed a negative causal relationship between the frequency of cellphone use and mastery goals but no causal relationship between the frequency of cellphone use and performance goals. These results may be helpful for guiding adolescents to reduce cellphone use, pay attention to the mastery of knowledge, and establish mastery goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have focused on the relationships among religiousness, social support and subjective well‐being in Chinese adolescent populations. This study tries to fill this gap. Using cluster sampling, we selected two groups: Group A, which included 738 Tibetan adolescents with a formal religious affiliation and represented adolescents from a religious culture, and Group B, which included 720 Han adolescents without a religious affiliation and represented adolescents from an irreligious culture. Structural equation modelling showed that only in Group A did social support mediate (partially) the relationship between religious experience and subjective well‐being; furthermore, the results of a hierarchical regression analysis showed that only in Group A did social support moderate the relationship between religious ideology and subjective well‐being. Possible explanations for the discrepancies between the findings obtained in this study and those obtained in previous studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical yolk-shell nanostructure (NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN) derived from Ni-based metal-organic frameworks (Ni-MOFs) is synthesized by solvothermal reactions. After successive carbonization and oxidation treatments, hierarchical NiO/Ni nanocrystals covered with a graphene shell are obtained with the yolk-shell nanostructure intact. The NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN composites exhibit superior electromagnetic wave absorption properties. A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −34.5 dB is obtained at 17.2 GHz with the thin thickness of 1.7 mm. In addition, the best microwave absorption properties are achieved with a 2.0 mm absorber layer (RLmin = −22.5 dB, bandwidth of 6.0 GHz). The outstanding absorption ability may arise from the unique yolk-shell structure and nanoporous carbon, which can tune the dielectric of the NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN composites to acquire good impedance matching. Moreover, the interspaces can induce interfacial polarization and multiple reflections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kabuli chickpea seeds were processed by soaking only and soaking followed either by pressure cooking or roasting. Proteins were isolated from both raw and processed seeds, and the effects of these processing approaches on the physicochemical, functional, thermal and structural properties as well as SDS- PAGE profiles of the protein isolates were investigated. Thermal processes significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased protein yield, content, colour difference, emulsifying properties and protein solubility of the protein isolates, but increased lightness and water and oil absorption capacities. Protein thermal properties, secondary structure and SDS- PAGE banding patterns were significantly changed in thermal-processed samples, especially those that were pressure cooked. No endothermic peak was detected in differential scanning calorimetry thermograms, and peak intensity of amide I absorption band at 1600-1700 cm−1 in Fourier transform infrared spectra reduced. The results reveal that pressure cooking had more pronounced effects on the properties of the protein isolates than other processing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three studies were conducted to investigate whether individuals whose performance on a learning task fell short of their previous overconfident self-assessment would apply more effort on a subsequent task to resolve their dissatisfaction and thereby achieve better subsequent performance than individuals who made accurate or underconfident self-assessments. Specifically, Study 1 and Study 2 used overestimation, and Study 3 used overplacement to predict subsequent performance by measuring students' self-assessments before the first task, their level of dissatisfaction with their actual performance on that task, the effort they applied in learning, and their performance on the subsequent task. Furthermore, Study 3 divided the participants randomly into a false feedback group (the control group) and a real feedback group (the experimental group). The results showed that when controlling for prior performance, participants who were more overconfident tended to express greater dissatisfaction and increase more effort to achieve their desired outcomes when they perceived a gap between their desired performance and their actual performance. Notably, they achieved better subsequent performance, whereas those in the control group who were overconfident neither applied more effort in subsequent learning nor increased their subsequent performance when they received "unbiased feedback." The implications of these findings for education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Antibody polyreactivity can be an obstacle to translating a candidate antibody into a clinical product. Standard tests such as antibody binding to cardiolipin, HEp-2 cells, or nuclear antigens provide measures of polyreactivity, but its causes and the means to resolve are often unclear. Here we present a method for eliminating antibody polyreactivity through the computational design and genetic addition of N-linked glycosylation near known sites of polyreactivity. We used the HIV-1-neutralizing antibody, VRC07, as a test case, since efforts to increase VRC07 potency at three spatially distinct sites resulted in enhanced polyreactivity. The addition of N-linked glycans proximal to the polyreactivity-enhancing mutations at each of the spatially distinct sites resulted in reduced antibody polyreactivity as measured by (i) anti-cardiolipin ELISA, (ii) Luminex AtheNA Multi-Lyte ANA binding, and (iii) HEp-2 cell staining. The reduced polyreactivity trended with increased antibody concentration over time in mice, but not with improved overall protein stability as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, glycan proximity to the site of polyreactivity appeared to be a critical factor. The results provide evidence that antibody polyreactivity can result from local, rather than global, features of an antibody and that addition of N-linked glycosylation can be an effective approach to reducing antibody polyreactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: During social interactions people self-monitor their behavior at least partially to conceal socially devalued characteristics. This study examined the influences of concealing academic achievement on self-monitoring in an academically-relevant social interaction. An interview paradigm called for school-aged adolescent participants (total N =86) who either did or did not have low (academic) achievement to play the role of someone who did or did not have low achievement while answering academically-relevant questions. The data suggest that adolescents with low achievement (low achievers) were more likely to tailor their behaviors according to the situational cues than did those without low achievement (non-low achievers). On the other hand, low achievers who played the role of good students (these adolescents could conceal their low academic achievement characteristics) were most likely to regulate their behaviors according to their inner cues (e.g., real feelings). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

As new information carriers, antiferromagnetic magnons have great potential in the fields of spintronics and quantum information. However, the strong exchange interaction between sublattice spins in conventional antiferromagnets results in their frequencies up to the terahertz (THz) range, hindering further exploration of related applications and physics. Recently, emerging van der Waals A‐type antiferromagnets with the weak exchange interaction may bring about a change. In this study, it demonstrates two distinct tunable ultrastrong magnon–magnon couplings in the gigahertz (GHz) band using this type of antiferromagnet, CrPS4, with a maximum normalized coupling strength (η) of 0.31. It establishes orthorhombic and monoclinic models for theoretical analyses, unambiguously showing that the ultrastrong coupling strength is caused by unique magnetocrystalline anisotropy rather than exchange enhancement. Furthermore, for the first time, it observes a continuous switching process of sublattice magnon chirality arising from the orthorhombic nature of anisotropy. These findings not only deepen the understanding of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics but also offer a powerful platform for building magnonic quantum systems and chirality‐based spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]